nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
ICT and Tourism : Challenges and Opportunities

The revolution in ICTs has profound implications for economic and social development. It has pervaded every aspect of human life whether it is health, education, economics, governance, entertainment etc. Dissemination, propagation and accessibility of these technologies are viewed to be integral to a country’s development strategy. The most important benefit associated with the access to the new technologies is the increase in the supply of information. Information is shared and disseminated to larger audience. Secondly it reduces the cost of production. Knowledge is produced, transmitted, accessed and shared at the minimum cost. With the reduction in the transactional costs, there is also a reduction in the degree of inefficiencies and uncertainty. Thirdly it has overcome the constraints of distance and geography. ICTs have cut across the geographic boundaries of the nation states. Buyers and sellers are able to share information, specifications, production process etc across the national borders. It enables all to know the comparative advantage in the market economy. It leads to the larger markets and increased access to global supply chains. Fourthly it has led to more transparency. Networking and information sharing definitely leads to demands for greater openness and transparency. Whether you want to know the status of the central banks’ foreign exchange agency or the cost prize of potatoes in the local market, ICTs empowers the individual with the information access, which is transparent. Efforts are under way to integrate ICTs to all sectors and developmental activity. Tourism is one such potential area. Tourism and economy are closely interconnected. Discussion on Tourism involves the discussion on economic enterprise also.
Independent voltage outputs control for VIENNA rectifier considering multiple loads situations

The VIENNA rectifiers have advantages of high efficiency as well as low output harmonics and are widely utilized in power conversion system when dc power sources are needed for supplying dc loads. VIENNA rectifiers based on three-phase/level can provide two voltage outputs with a neutral line at relatively low costs. However, total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current deteriorates seriously when unbalanced voltages occur. In addition, voltage outputs depend on system parameters, especially multiple loads. Therefore, unbalance output voltage controller and modified carrier-based pulse-width modulation (CBPWM) are proposed in this paper to solve the above problems. Unbalanced output voltage controller is designed based on average model considering independent output voltage and loads conditions. Meanwhile, reference voltages are modified according to different neutral point voltage conditions. The simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the proposed method.
Mining Fine Grained Opinions by Using Probabilistic Models and Domain Knowledge

The explosive growth of the user-generated content on the Web has offered a rich data source for mining opinions. However, the large number of diverse review sources challenges the individual users and organizations on how to use the opinion information effectively. Therefore, automated opinion mining and summarization techniques have become increasingly important. Different from previous approaches that have mostly treated product feature and opinion extraction as two independent tasks, we merge them together in a unified process by using probabilistic models. Specifically, we treat the problem of product feature and opinion extraction as a sequence labeling task and adopt Conditional Random Fields models to accomplish it. As part of our work, we develop a computational approach to construct domain specific sentiment lexicon by combining semi-structured reviews with general sentiment lexicon, which helps to identify the sentiment orientations of opinions. Experimental results on two real world datasets show that the proposed method is effective.
Bricolage : A Structured-Prediction Algorithm for Example-Based Web Design

The Web today provides a corpus of design examples unparalleled in human history. However, leveraging existing designs to produce new pages is currently difficult. This paper introduces the Bricolage algorithm for automatically transferring design and content between Web pages. Bricolage introduces a novel structuredprediction technique that learns to create coherent mappings between pages by training on human-generated exemplars. The produced mappings can then be used to automatically transfer the content from one page into the style and layout of another. We show that Bricolage can learn to accurately reproduce human page mappings, and that it provides a general, efficient, and automatic technique for retargeting content between a variety of real Web pages.
The inhibition of gluconeogenesis following alcohol in humans.

Accurate quantification of gluconeogenic flux following alcohol ingestion in overnight-fasted humans has yet to be reported. [2-13C1]glycerol, [U-13C6]glucose, [1-2H1]galactose, and acetaminophen were infused in normal men before and after the consumption of 48 g alcohol or a placebo to quantify gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, hepatic glucose production, and intrahepatic gluconeogenic precursor availability. Gluconeogenesis decreased 45% vs. the placebo (0.56 ± 0.05 to 0.44 ± 0.04 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1vs. 0.44 ± 0.05 to 0.63 ± 0.09 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1, respectively, P < 0.05) in the 5 h after alcohol ingestion, and total gluconeogenic flux was lower after alcohol compared with placebo. Glycogenolysis fell over time after both the alcohol and placebo cocktails, from 1.46-1.47 mg ⋅ kg-1  min-1to 1.35 ± 0.17 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1(alcohol) and 1.26 ± 0.20 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1, respectively (placebo, P < 0.05 vs. baseline). Hepatic glucose output decreased 12% after alcohol consumption, from 2.03 ± 0.21 to 1.79 ± 0.21 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1( P < 0.05 vs. baseline), but did not change following the placebo. Estimated intrahepatic gluconeogenic precursor availability decreased 61% following alcohol consumption ( P < 0.05 vs. baseline) but was unchanged after the placebo ( P < 0.05 between treatments). We conclude from these results that gluconeogenesis is inhibited after alcohol consumption in overnight-fasted men, with a somewhat larger decrease in availability of gluconeogenic precursors but a smaller effect on glucose production and no effect on plasma glucose concentrations. Thus inhibition of flux into the gluconeogenic precursor pool is compensated by changes in glycogenolysis, the fate of triose-phosphates, and peripheral tissue utilization of plasma glucose.
Attending to the present: mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference.

It has long been theorised that there are two temporally distinct forms of self-reference: extended self-reference linking experiences across time, and momentary self-reference centred on the present. To characterise these two aspects of awareness, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine monitoring of enduring traits ('narrative' focus, NF) or momentary experience ('experiential' focus, EF) in both novice participants and those having attended an 8 week course in mindfulness meditation, a program that trains individuals to develop focused attention on the present. In novices, EF yielded focal reductions in self-referential cortical midline regions (medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC) associated with NF. In trained participants, EF resulted in more marked and pervasive reductions in the mPFC, and increased engagement of a right lateralised network, comprising the lateral PFC and viscerosomatic areas such as the insula, secondary somatosensory cortex and inferior parietal lobule. Functional connectivity analyses further demonstrated a strong coupling between the right insula and the mPFC in novices that was uncoupled in the mindfulness group. These results suggest a fundamental neural dissociation between two distinct forms of self-awareness that are habitually integrated but can be dissociated through attentional training: the self across time and in the present moment.
Die Attach Material for Power Semiconductor Having Nano-Level Sn-Cu Diffusion Control

This paper discloses development and evaluation of die attach material using base metals (Cu and Sn) by three different type of composite. Mixing them into paste or sheet shape for die attach, we have confirmed that one of Sn-Cu components having IMC network near its surface has major role to provide robust interconnect especially for high temperature applications beyond 200°C after sintering.
Rhythm, Timing and the Timing of Rhythm

This article reviews the evidence for rhythmic categorization that has emerged on the basis of rhythm metrics, and argues that the metrics are unreliable predictors of rhythm which provide no more than a crude measure of timing. It is further argued that timing is distinct from rhythm and that equating them has led to circularity and a psychologically questionable conceptualization of rhythm in speech. It is thus proposed that research on rhythm be based on the same principles for all languages, something that does not apply to the widely accepted division of languages into stress- and syllable-timed. The hypothesis is advanced that these universal principles are grouping and prominence and evidence to support it is provided.
Clinical and embryologic aspects of penile duplication and associated anomalies.

To report 2 cases of penile duplication and review the literature in an attempt to categorize the associated anomalies in relation to the degree of penile duplication. Embryologic considerations of this rare anomaly are also reviewed.



We report 2 distinct cases of diphallia. In the first case, true complete penile duplication was associated with multiple malformations, including a cloacal anomaly, colon and bladder duplication, a horseshoe kidney, a bifid scrotum with undescended testes, a hypoplastic right leg, and a ventricular septum defect. The second patient presented with true, complete diphallia and bladder and urethral duplication but an absence of other anomalies. The patients were individually treated according to the concomitant malformations. A review of published reports allowed a classification of associated anomalies in 77 cases of diphallia, according to the degree of penile duplication.



The first patient underwent a series of staged surgical repairs, including correction of the congenital heart anomaly, separation of the urogenital and gastrointestinal tract and resection of the duplicate terminal colon, excision of the smaller bladder and underdeveloped duplicate penis, bilateral orchiopexy, and hypospadias correction. The second patient underwent bladder fusion and excision of a urethrorectal fistula. Penile reconstruction was left for a later stage. An analysis of the cases available in published studies suggests that diphallia is often associated with a wide spectrum of anomalies that vary from severe malformations to less significant variations of human anatomy.



Penile duplication is a rare anomaly. Thorough investigations are mandatory in all cases to reveal underlying congenital malformations that are potentially life threatening and require immediate surgical correction. Treatment should always be individualized according to the degree of penile duplication and the extent of the concomitant anomalies.
Design and analysis of an artificial finger joint for anthropomorphic robotic hands

In order to further understand what physiological characteristics make a human hand irreplaceable for many dexterous tasks, it is necessary to develop artificial joints that are anatomically correct while sharing similar dynamic features. In this paper, we address the problem of designing a two degree of freedom metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of an index finger. The artificial MCP joint is composed of a ball joint, crocheted ligaments, and a silicon rubber sleeve which as a whole provides the functions required of a human finger joint. We quantitatively validate the efficacy of the artificial joint by comparing its dynamic characteristics with that of two human subjects' index fingers by analyzing their impulse response with linear regression. Design parameters of the artificial joint are varied to highlight their effect on the joint's dynamics. A modified, second-order model is fit which accounts for non-linear stiffness and damping, and a higher order model is considered. Good fits are observed both in the human (R2 = 0.97) and the artificial joint of the index finger (R2 = 0.95). Parameter estimates of stiffness and damping for the artificial joint are found to be similar to those in the literature, indicating our new joint is a good approximation for an index finger's MCP joint.
Recommendations for the Bioanalytical Method Validation of Ligand-Binding Assays to Support Pharmacokinetic Assessments of Macromolecules

With this publication a subcommittee of the AAPS Ligand Binding Assay Bioanalytical Focus Group (LBABFG) makes recommendations for the development, validation, and implementation of ligand binding assays (LBAs) that are intended to support pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic assessments of macromolecules.  This subcommittee was comprised of 10 members representing Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology, and the contract research organization industries from the United States, Canada, and Europe. Each section of this consensus document addresses a specific analytical performance characteristic or aspect for validation of a LBA. Within each section the topics are organized by an assay's life cycle, the development phase, pre-study validation, and in-study validation. Because unique issues often accompany bioanalytical assays for macromolecules, this document should be viewed as a guide for designing and conducting the validation of ligand binding assays.  Values of ±20% (25% at the lower limit of quantification [LLOQ]) are recommended as default acceptance criteria for accuracy (% relative error [RE], mean bias) and interbatch precision (%coefficient of variation [CV]). In addition, we propose as secondary criteria for method acceptance that the sum of the interbatch precision (%CV) and the absolute value of the mean bias (%RE) be less than or equal to 30%. This added criterion is recommended to help ensure that in-study runs of test samples will meet the proposed run acceptance criteria of 4-6-30. Exceptions to the proposed process and acceptance criteria are appropriate when accompanied by a sound scientific rationale.  In this consensus document, we attempt to make recommendations that are based on bioanalytical best practices and statistical thinking for development and validation of LBAs.
A fast, lock-free approach for efficient parallel counting of occurrences of k-mers

Counting the number of occurrences of every k-mer (substring of length k) in a long string is a central subproblem in many applications, including genome assembly, error correction of sequencing reads, fast multiple sequence alignment and repeat detection. Recently, the deep sequence coverage generated by next-generation sequencing technologies has caused the amount of sequence to be processed during a genome project to grow rapidly, and has rendered current k-mer counting tools too slow and memory intensive. At the same time, large multicore computers have become commonplace in research facilities allowing for a new parallel computational paradigm.



We propose a new k-mer counting algorithm and associated implementation, called Jellyfish, which is fast and memory efficient. It is based on a multithreaded, lock-free hash table optimized for counting k-mers up to 31 bases in length. Due to their flexibility, suffix arrays have been the data structure of choice for solving many string problems. For the task of k-mer counting, important in many biological applications, Jellyfish offers a much faster and more memory-efficient solution.


AVAILABILITY
The Jellyfish software is written in C++ and is GPL licensed. It is available for download at http://www.cbcb.umd.edu/software/jellyfish.
Automatic image retargeting

We present a non-photorealistic algorithm for automatically retargeting images for a variety of display devices, while preserving the images' important features and qualities. Image manipulation techniques such as linear resizing and cropping work well for images containing a single important object. However, problems such as degradation of image quality and important information loss occur when these techniques have been automatically applied to images with multiple objects. Our algorithm addresses the case of multiple important objects in an image. We first segment the image, and generate an importance map based on both saliency and face detection. Regions are then resized and repositioned to fit within a specified size based on the importance map. NSF 01416284/0415083
Extending of the Kinect device functionality and the corresponding database

This paper deals with a creation of the RGB-D database by using Microsoft Kinect device. One of the main uses of Kinect is measurement and subsequent creation the so-called depth maps of the 3D scenes. The maps obtained by Kinect can be improved. Existence of databases suitable for the experiment is very important for research. One of the possible research directions is use of infrared version of the investigated scene for improvement of the depth map. However, the databases of the Kinect data which would contain the corresponding infrared images do not exist. Therefore, our aim was to create such database. We want to increase the usability of the database by adding stereo images. Moreover, the same scenes were captured by Kinect v2. It was also investigated the impact of simultaneous use Kinect v1 and Kinect v2 to improve depth map investigated the scene. The database contains sequences of objects on turntable and simple scenes containing several objects.
Security Games Applied to Real-World: Research Contributions and Challenges

searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggesstions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA, 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any oenalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
LESSON-1 MEANING

Generally speaking, ‘Education’ is utilized in three senses: Knowledge, Subject and a Process. When a person achieves degree up to certain level we do not call it education .As for example if a person has secured Masters degree then we utilize education it a very narrower sense and call that the person has achieved education up to Masters Level. In the second sense, education is utilized in a sense of discipline. As for example if a person had taken education as a paper or as a discipline during his study in any institution then we utilize education as a subject. In the third sense, education is utilized as a process. In fact when we talk of education, we talk in the third sense i.e. education as a process. Thus, we talk what is education as a process? What are their importances etc.? The following debate on education will discuss education in this sense and we will talk education as a process.
A physically-based night sky model

This paper presents a physically-based model of the night sky for realistic image synthesis. We model both the direct appearance of the night sky and the illumination coming from the Moon, the stars, the zodiacal light, and the atmosphere. To accurately predict the appearance of night scenes we use physically-based astronomical data, both for position and radiometry. The Moon is simulated as a geometric model illuminated by the Sun, using recently measured elevation and albedo maps, as well as a specialized BRDF. For visible stars, we include the position, magnitude, and temperature of the star, while for the Milky Way and other nebulae we use a processed photograph. Zodiacal light due to scattering in the dust covering the solar system, galactic light, and airglow due to light emission of the atmosphere are simulated from measured data. We couple these components with an accurate simulation of the atmosphere. To demonstrate our model, we show a variety of night scenes rendered with a Monte Carlo ray tracer.
CE-Storm: Confidential Elastic Processing of Data Streams

Data Stream Management Systems (DSMS) are crucial for modern high-volume/high-velocity data-driven applications, necessitating a distributed approach to processing them. In addition, data providers often require certain levels of confidentiality for their data, especially in cases of user-generated data, such as those coming out of physical activity/health tracking devices (i.e., our motivating application). This demonstration will showcase Synefo, an infrastructure that enables elastic scaling of DSMS operators, and CryptStream, a framework that provides confidentiality and access controls for data streams while allowing computation on untrusted servers, fused as CE-Storm. We will demonstrate both systems working in tandem and also visualize their behavior over time under different scenarios.
Slotline Stepped Circular Rings for Low-Loss Microstrip-to-Slotline Transitions

We propose a low-loss slotline (SL) stepped circular ring termination for use in a microstrip-to-slotline (MS-to-SL) transition. Not only does this termination achieve broadband characteristics, but it also reduces SL radiation. The experimental results show that, using the proposed technique, the radiation loss around the pass-band frequency is lower than that of the conventional transitions using radial or circular pad terminations
Towards a unified behavior trees framework for robot control

This paper presents a unified framework for Behavior Trees (BTs), a plan representation and execution tool. The available literature lacks the consistency and mathematical rigor required for robotic and control applications. Therefore, we approach this problem in two steps: first, reviewing the most popular BT literature exposing the aforementioned issues; second, describing our unified BT framework along with equivalence notions between BTs and Controlled Hybrid Dynamical Systems (CHDSs). This paper improves on the existing state of the art as it describes BTs in a more accurate and compact way, while providing insight about their actual representation capabilities. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of our framework to real systems scheduling open-loop actions in a grasping mission that involves a NAO robot and our BT library.
FREE-p: Protecting non-volatile memory against both hard and soft errors

Emerging non-volatile memories such as phase-change RAM (PCRAM) offer significant advantages but suffer from write endurance problems. However, prior solutions are oblivious to soft errors (recently raised as a potential issue even for PCRAM) and are incompatible with high-level fault tolerance techniques such as chipkill. To additionally address such failures requires unnecessarily high costs for techniques that focus singularly on wear-out tolerance. In this paper, we propose fine-grained remapping with ECC and embedded pointers (FREE-p). FREE-p remaps fine-grained worn-out NVRAM blocks without requiring large dedicated storage. We discuss how FREE-p protects against both hard and soft errors and can be extended to chipkill. Further, FREE-p can be implemented purely in the memory controller, avoiding custom NVRAM devices. In addition to these benefits, FREE-p increases NVRAM lifetime by up to 26% over the state-of-the-art even with severe process variation while performance degradation is less than 2% for the initial 7 years.