nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards a Reduced-Wire Interface for CMUT-Based Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging Systems

Having intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging capability on guide wires used in cardiovascular interventions may eliminate the need for separate IVUS catheters and expand the use of IVUS in a larger portion of the vasculature. High frequency capacitive micro machined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays should be integrated with interface electronics and placed on the guide wire for this purpose. Besides small size, this system-on-a-chip (SoC) front-end should connect to the back-end imaging system with a minimum number of wires to preserve the critical mechanical properties of the guide wire. We present a 40 MHz CMUT array interface SoC, which will eventually use only two wires for power delivery and transmits image data using a combination of analog-to-time conversion (ATC) and an impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) wireless link. The proof-of-concept prototype ASIC consumes only 52.8 mW and occupies 4.07 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{mm}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in a 0.35- <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu\text{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula> standard CMOS process. A rectifier and regulator power the rest of the SoC at 3.3 V from a 10 MHz power carrier that is supplied through a 2.4 m micro-coax cable with an overall efficiency of 49.1%. Echo signals from an 8-element CMUT array are amplified by a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) array and down-converted to baseband by quadrature sampling using a 40 MHz clock, derived from the power carrier. The ATC generates pulse-width-modulated (PWM) samples at 2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> 10 MS/s with 6 bit resolution, while the entire system achieved 5.1 ENOB. Preliminary images from the prototype system are presented, and alternative data transmission and possible future directions towards practical implementation are discussed.
Error Rate Analysis of Labeling by Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing label generation has been a crucial component for many real-world machine learning applications. In this paper, we provide finite-sample exponential bounds on the error rate (in probability and in expectation) of hyperplane binary labeling rules for the Dawid-Skene (and Symmetric DawidSkene ) crowdsourcing model. The bounds can be applied to analyze many commonly used prediction methods, including the majority voting, weighted majority voting and maximum a posteriori (MAP) rules. These bound results can be used to control the error rate and design better algorithms. In particular, under the Symmetric Dawid-Skene model we use simulation to demonstrate that the data-driven EM-MAP rule is a good approximation to the oracle MAP rule which approximately optimizes our upper bound on the mean error rate for any hyperplane binary labeling rule. Meanwhile, the average error rate of the EM-MAP rule is bounded well by the upper bound on the mean error rate of the oracle MAP rule in the simulation.
Music Transcription Using Deep Learning

Music transcription, as an essential component in music signal processing, contributes to wide applications in musicology, accelerates the development of commercial music industry, facilitates the music education as well as benefits extensive music lovers. However, the work relies on a lot of manual work due to heavy requirements on knowledge and experience. This project mainly examines two deep learning methods, DNN and LSTM, to automatize music transcription. We transform the audio files into spectrograms using constant Q transform and extract features from the spectrograms. Deep learning methods have the advantage of learning complex features in music transcription. The promising results verify that deep learning methods are capable of learning specific musical properties, including notes and rhythms. automatic music transcription; deep learning; deep neural network (DNN); long shortterm memory networks (LSTM)
Exploring the Usability of Video Game Heuristics for Pervasive Game Development in Smart Home Environments

Over the last years, a variety of pervasive games was developed. Although some of these applications were quite successful in bringing digital games back to the real world, very little is known about their successful integration into smart environments. When developing video games, developers can make use of a broad variety of heuristics. Using these heuristics to guide the development process of applications for intelligent environments could significantly increase their functional quality. This paper addresses the question, whether existing heuristics can be used by pervasive game developers, or if specific design guidelines for smart home environments are required. In order to give an answer, the transferability of video game heuristics was evaluated in a two-step process. In a first step, a set of validated heuristics was analyzed to identify platform-dependent elements. In a second step, the transferability of those elements was assessed in a focus group study.
The effect of insulin-loaded trimethylchitosan nanoparticles on rats with diabetes type I.

The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of insulin-loaded trimethylchitosan nanoparticles on certain destructive effects of diabetes type one.



Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three control groups (n=5) and two treatment groups (n=5). The control groups included normal diabetic rats without treatment and diabetic rats treated with the nanoparticles. The treatment groups included diabetic rats treated with the insulin-loaded trimethylchitosan nanoparticles and the diabetic rats treated with trade insulin. The experiment period was eight weeks and the rats were treated for the last two weeks.



The livers of the rats receiving both forms of insulin showed less severe microvascular steatosis and fatty degeneration, and ameliorated blood glucose, serum biomarkers, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters with no significant differences. The gene expression of pyruvate kinase could be compensated by both the treatment protocols and the new coated form of insulin could not significantly influence the gene expression of glucokinase (p<0.05). The result of the present study showed the potency of the nanoparticle form of insulin to attenuate hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation in diabetes, which indicate the bioavailability of insulin-encapsulated trimethylchitosan nanoparticles.
Lustre: The intergalactic file system

Lustre originated from research done in the Coda project at Carnegie Mellon. It has seen interest from several companies in the storage industry that contributed to the design and funded some implementation. Soon after the original ideas came out, the USA NationaL Laboratories and the DOD started to explore Lustre as a potential next generation file system. During this stage of the project we received a lot of help and insight from Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories, most significantly from Lee Ward.
Suicide by inhalation of carbon monoxide in a residential fire.

Fire deaths are usually accidental, but atypical cases of homicide or suicide have been described. In suicide by fire, the only method reported by several authors consists of self-immolation. We present here the unusual case of an adult female who committed suicide by waiting in the living room after setting fire to her bedroom. The autopsy revealed smoke inhalation and the toxicological analysis revealed carboxyhemoglobin levels of 67%. Very few cases of suicide by fire not of the self-immolation type have been reported, and all have been anecdotal. A review of the literature is presented and a new term, "suicide by inhalation of carbon monoxide in a fire," is proposed for such cases.
Cheilitis Glandularis Treated with Intralesional Steroids : A Rare Case Report and Review

Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare disorder characterized by swelling of the lip with hyperplasia of the labial salivary glands. CG is most commonly seen in the lower lip, in middle-aged to older Caucasian men; however, rarely reported in Asians. The exact cause of CG is unknown, but various agents have been attributed like smoking, chronic irritation, poor oral hygiene, allergy, bacterial infections, syphilis, chronic exposure to sunlight and wind, compromised immune system, and genetic transmission. In this paper, we report a rare case of CG of the superfi cial suppurative type in a 43-year-old Indian female affecting lower lip which was diagnosed based on clinical and histopathological fi ndings and was treated with intralesional steroid injections. Even though the incidence and occurrence of CG in clinical practice is rare, it presents a diagnostic challenge to dentists because the etiologic factors are uncommon with variations in clinical presentation. Early diagnosis with defi nitive treatment and frequent monitoring should be carried out to prevent further complications.
The Impact of Brain Breaks Classroom-Based Physical Activities on Attitudes toward Physical Activity in Polish School Children in Third to Fifth Grade

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Brain Breaks® Physical Activity Solutions in changing attitudes toward physical activity of school children in a community in Poland. In 2015, a sample of 326 pupils aged 9-11 years old from 19 classes at three selected primary schools were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups within the study. During the classes, children in the experimental group performed physical activities two times per day in three to five minutes using Brain Breaks® videos for four months, while the control group did not use the videos during the test period. Students' attitudes toward physical activities were assessed before and after the intervention using the "Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale". Repeated measures of ANOVA were used to examine the change from pre- to post-intervention. Overall, a repeated measures ANOVA indicated time-by-group interaction effects in 'Self-efficacy on learning with video exercises', F(1.32) = 75.28, p = 0.00, η2 = 0.19. Although the changes are minor, there were benefits of the intervention. It may be concluded that HOPSports Brain Breaks® Physical Activity Program contributes to better self-efficacy on learning while using video exercise of primary school children.
New highly stable dimeric 3-deoxyanthocyanidin pigments from sorghum bicolor leaf sheath.

The growing interest in natural alternatives to synthetic petroleum-based dyes for food applications necessitates looking at nontraditional sources of natural colors. Certain sorghum varieties accumulate large amounts of poorly characterized pigments in their nongrain tissue. We used High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy to characterize sorghum leaf sheath pigments and measured the stability of isolated pigments in the presence of bisulfite at pH 1.0 to 7.0 over a 4-wk period. Two new 3-deoxyanthocyanidin compounds were identified: apigeninidin-flavene dimer and apigenin-7-O-methylflavene dimer. The dimeric molecules had near identical UV-Vis absorbance profiles at pH 1.0 to 7.0, with no obvious sign of chalcone or quinoidal base formation even at the neutral pH, indicating unusually strong resistance to hydrophilic attack. The dimeric 3-deoxyanthocyanidins were also highly resistant to nucleophilic attack by SO(2); for example, apigeninidin-flavene dimer lost less than 20% of absorbance, compared to apigeninidin monomer, which lost more than 80% of absorbance at λ(max) within 1 h in the presence of SO(2). The increased molecular complexity of the dimeric 3-deoxyanthocyanidins compared to their monomers may be responsible for their unusual stability in the presence of bisulfite; these compounds present new interesting opportunities for food applications.
UAV/UGV cooperation for surveying operations in humanitarian demining

Unmanned Ground Vehicles can be a useful tool to help operators in humanitarian demining. However in many difficult environments autonomous operations are impossible and moreover it can be really difficult to teleoperate the robot from an onboard camera. This work presents an architecture to allow cooperation between a ground robot and a quadrotor UAV. The UAV can autonomously follow the ground robot, by using an image processing algorithm. In this way aerial images are provided that can help trajectory planning in rough environments, via a developed webGIS platform.
Learning multiple collaborative tasks with a mixture of Interaction Primitives

Robots that interact with humans must learn to not only adapt to different human partners but also to new interactions. Such a form of learning can be achieved by demonstrations and imitation. A recently introduced method to learn interactions from demonstrations is the framework of Interaction Primitives. While this framework is limited to represent and generalize a single interaction pattern, in practice, interactions between a human and a robot can consist of many different patterns. To overcome this limitation this paper proposes a Mixture of Interaction Primitives to learn multiple interaction patterns from unlabeled demonstrations. Specifically the proposed method uses Gaussian Mixture Models of Interaction Primitives to model nonlinear correlations between the movements of the different agents. We validate our algorithm with two experiments involving interactive tasks between a human and a lightweight robotic arm. In the first, we compare our proposed method with conventional Interaction Primitives in a toy problem scenario where the robot and the human are not linearly correlated. In the second, we present a proof-of-concept experiment where the robot assists a human in assembling a box.
Avatar anthropomorphism and illusion of body ownership in VR

In this paper we present a novel experiment to explore the impact of avatar realism on the illusion of virtual body ownership (IVBO) in immersive virtual environments, with full-body avatar embodiment and freedom of movement. We evaluated four distinct avatars (a humanoid robot, a block-man, and both male and female human adult) presenting an increasing level of anthropomorphism in their detailed compositions Our results revealed that each avatar elicited a relatively high level of illusion. However both machine-like and cartoon-like avatars elicited an equivalent IVBO, slightly superior to the human-ones. A realistic human appearance is therefore not a critical top-down factor of IVBO, and could lead to an Uncanney Valley effect.
Description-Driven Community Detection

Traditional approaches to community detection, as studied by physicists, sociologists, and more recently computer scientists, aim at simply partitioning the social network graph. However, with the advent of online social networking sites, richer data has become available: beyond the link information, each user in the network is annotated with additional information, for example, demographics, shopping behavior, or interests. In this context, it is therefore important to develop mining methods which can take advantage of all available information. In the case of community detection, this means finding good communities (a set of nodes cohesive in the social graph) which are associated with good descriptions in terms of user information (node attributes).
 Having good descriptions associated to our models make them understandable by domain experts and thus more useful in real-world applications. Another requirement dictated by real-world applications, is to develop methods that can use, when available, any domain-specific background knowledge. In the case of community detection the background knowledge could be a vague description of the communities sought in a specific application, or some prototypical nodes (e.g., good customers in the past), that represent what the analyst is looking for (a community of similar users).
 Towards this goal, in this article, we define and study the problem of finding a diverse set of cohesive communities with concise descriptions. We propose an effective algorithm that alternates between two phases: a hill-climbing phase producing (possibly overlapping) communities, and a description induction phase which uses techniques from supervised pattern set mining. Our framework has the nice feature of being able to build well-described cohesive communities starting from any given description or seed set of nodes, which makes it very flexible and easily applicable in real-world applications.
 Our experimental evaluation confirms that the proposed method discovers cohesive communities with concise descriptions in realistic and large online social networks such as Delicious, Flickr, and LastFM.
Primary care endorsement letter and a patient leaflet to improve participation in colorectal cancer screening: results of a factorial randomised trial

The trial aimed to investigate whether a general practitioner's (GP) letter encouraging participation and a more explicit leaflet explaining how to complete faecal occult blood test (FOBT) included with the England Bowel Cancer Screening Programme invitation materials would improve uptake.A randomised controlled 2 × 2 factorial trial was conducted in the south of England. Overall, 1288 patients registered with 20 GPs invited for screening in October 2009 participated in the trial. Participants were randomised to either a GP's endorsement letter and/or an enhanced information leaflet with their FOBT kit. The primary outcome was verified with return of the test kit within 20 weeks.Both the GP's endorsement letter and the enhanced procedural leaflet, each increased participation by ∼6% – the GP's letter by 5.8% (95% CI: 4.1–7.8%) and the leaflet by 6.0% (95% CI: 4.3–8.1%). On the basis of the intention-to-treat analysis, the random effects logistic regression model confirmed that there was no important interaction between the two interventions, and estimated an adjusted rate ratio of 1.11 (P=0.038) for the GP's letter and 1.12 (P=0.029) for the leaflet. In the absence of an interaction, an additive effect for receiving both the GP's letter and leaflet (11.8%, 95% CI: 8.5–16%) was confirmed. The per-protocol analysis indicated that the insertion of an electronic GP's signature on the endorsement letter was associated with increased participation (P=0.039).Conclusion:Including both an endorsement letter from each patient's GP and a more explicit procedural leaflet could increase participation in the English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme by ∼10%, a relative improvement of 20% on current performance.
Heuristics for Connecting Heterogeneous Knowledge via FrameBase

With recent advances in information extraction techniques, various large-scale knowledge bases covering a broad range of knowledge have become publicly available. As no single knowledge base covers all information, many applications require access to integrated knowledge from multiple knowledge bases. Achieving this, however, is challenging due to differences in knowledge representation. To address this problem, this paper proposes to use linguistic frames as a common representation and maps heterogeneous knowledge bases to the FrameBase schema, which is formed by a large inventory of these frames. We develop several methods to create complex mappings from external knowledge bases to this schema, using text similarity measures, machine learning, and different heuristics. We test them with different widely used large-scale knowledge bases, YAGO2s, Freebase and WikiData. The resulting integrated knowledge can then be queried in a homogeneous way.
Behavioural and neurotoxic effects of ayahuasca infusion (<ce:italic>Banisteriopsis caapi</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Psychotria viridis</ce:italic>) in female Wistar rat

Ayahuasca, a psychoactive beverage used by indigenous and religious groups, is generally prepared by the coction of Psychotria viridis and Banisteriopsis caapi plants containing N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-carboline alkaloids, respectively. To investigate the acute toxicity of ayahuasca, the infusion was administered by gavage to female Wistar rats at doses of 30X and 50X the dose taken during a religious ritual, and the animals observed for 14 days. Behavioural functions were investigated one hour after dosing at 15X and 30X using the open field, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming tests. Neuronal activation (c-fos marked neurons) and toxicity (Fluoro-Jade B and Nissl/Cresyl staining) were investigated in the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN), amygdaloid nucleus, and hippocampal formation brain areas of rats treated with a 30X ayahuasca dose. The actual lethal oral dose in female Wistar rats could not be determined in this study, but was shown to be higher than the 50X (which corresponds to 15.1mg/kg bw DMT). The ayahuasca and fluoxetine treated groups showed a significant decrease in locomotion in the open field and elevated plus-maze tests compared to controls. In the forced swimming test, ayahuasca treated animals swam more than controls, a behaviour that was not significant in the fluoxetine group. Treated animals showed higher neuronal activation in all brain areas involved in serotoninergic neurotransmission. Although this led to some brain injury, no permanent damage was detected. These results suggest that ayahuasca has antidepressant properties in Wistar female at high doses, an effect that should be further investigated.
Towards Discovering and Understanding Task Hijacking in Android

Android multitasking provides rich features to enhance user experience and offers great flexibility for app developers to promote app personalization. However, the security implication of Android multitasking remains under-investigated. With a systematic study of the complex tasks dynamics, we find design flaws of Android multitasking which make all recent versions of Android vulnerable to task hijacking attacks. We demonstrate proof-of-concept examples utilizing the task hijacking attack surface to implement UI spoofing, denialof-service and user monitoring attacks. Attackers may steal login credentials, implement ransomware and spy on user’s activities. We have collected and analyzed over 6.8 million apps from various Android markets. Our analysis shows that the task hijacking risk is prevalent. Since many apps depend on the current multitasking design, defeating task hijacking is not easy. We have notified the Android team about these issues and we discuss possible mitigation techniques in this paper.
Molecular marker-assisted breeding options for maize improvement in Asia

Maize is one of the most important food and feed crops in Asia, and is a source of income for several million farmers. Despite impressive progress made in the last few decades through conventional breeding in the “Asia-7” (China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam), average maize yields remain low and the demand is expected to increasingly exceed the production in the coming years. Molecular marker-assisted breeding is accelerating yield gains in USA and elsewhere, and offers tremendous potential for enhancing the productivity and value of Asian maize germplasm. We discuss the importance of such efforts in meeting the growing demand for maize in Asia, and provide examples of the recent use of molecular markers with respect to (i) DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of maize germplasm (inbreds and landraces/OPVs), (ii) QTL analysis of important biotic and abiotic stresses, and (iii) marker-assisted selection (MAS) for maize improvement. We also highlight the constraints faced by research institutions wishing to adopt the available and emerging molecular technologies, and conclude that innovative models for resource-pooling and intellectual-property-respecting partnerships will be required for enhancing the level and scope of molecular marker-assisted breeding for maize improvement in Asia. Scientists must ensure that the tools of molecular marker-assisted breeding are focused on developing commercially viable cultivars, improved to ameliorate the most important constraints to maize production in Asia.