nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Centralized Control for Optimizing Microgrids Operation

Microgrids are low-voltage (LV) distribution networks comprising various distributed generators (DGs), storage devices, and controllable loads that can operate either interconnected or isolated from the main distribution grid as a controlled entity. This paper describes the operation of a central controller for microgrids. The controller aims to optimize the operation of the microgrid during interconnected operation, i.e., maximize its value by optimizing the production of the local DGs and power exchanges with the main distribution grid. Two market policies are assumed including demand-side bidding options for controllable loads. The developed optimization algorithms are applied on a typical LV study case network operating under various market policies and assuming realistic spot market prices and DG bids reflecting realistic operational costs. The effects on the microgrid and the distribution network operation are presented and discussed.
Kinect Sensor Gesture and Activity Recognition: New Applications for Consumer Cognitive Systems

Cognitive consumer electronics (CE), the fastest-growing sector worldwide that is driven by machine intelligence and cognitive systems, is triggered and enabled by audio- and video-capturing devices, smart sensors, health- and fitness-monitoring devices, security and education electronics, and intelligent systems. Smart consumer sensors and cognitive systems are synergized through the Internet of Things (IoT) for optimal information sharing, communication, real-time updates, data analytics, and enhanced support for decision making. Biometric-based devices, originally intended for large-scale applications in airports, border controls, disaster zones, or refugee migration zones, are enabling a wide range of applications in commercial and consumer sectors as standalone systems or with interconnected sensor networks. This article introduces the applications of Microsoft Kinect in cognitive systems for smart CE, and, using Kinect sensors, a human-behavior cognition technology is presented for gesture and activity recognition. As a novel front end of pervasive cognitive systems, the challenges and applications of a Kinect sensor-based system will be explored in CE, such as smart automobiles, health care, surveillance, and activity recognition.
Teaching with Wikipedia in a 21st-century classroom: Perceptions of Wikipedia and its educational benefits

This article explores the current perception of Wikipedia in academia, focusing on both the reasons for its unpopularity among some and the reasons for its growing acceptance among others. First, the reasons that Wikipedia is still struggling to gain acceptance among many academics and higher education professionals are identified. These include common misconceptions about Wikipedia, doubts about its quality, uneasiness with the challenge that it poses to the traditional peer-review system, and a lack of careerenhancing motivations related to using Wikipedia. Second, the benefits of teaching with Wikipedia for educators, students, and the wider society, as discussed in the current teaching literature, are explored. Finally, the article presents an argument for using Wikipedia in a variety of ways to help students develop critical and academic writing skills.
Research directions in virtual environments: report of an NSF Invitational Workshop, March 23-24, 1992, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

At the request of NSF's Interactive Systems Program, a two-day invitational workshop was held March 23-24, 1992 at UNC Chapel Hill to identify and recommend future research directions in the area of "virtual environments" (VE) *. Workshop participants included some 18 experts (plus 4 NSF officials) from universities, industry, and other leading technical organizations. The two-day schedule alternated between sessions of the entire group and sessions in the following specialty areas, around which the recommendations came to be organized: 1) Perception , 2) Human-Machine Software Interface , 3) Software, 4) Hardware, and 5) Applications. Also, two participants developed a taxonomy of VE applications that is included as an appendix to the report. 1. Collaborative science-technology development programs should be established at several sites around the country to encourage closer collaboration between developers and scientists. 2. Theoretical research should focus on development of metrics of performance and task demands in VE. 3. Paradigmatic applications and theoretical questions that illustrate the science-technology synergy need identification. Audition Spatial Sound 1.Theoretical research should emphasize the role of individual differences in Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTF's), critical cues for distance and externalization, spectral cues for enhancing elevation and disambiguating the cone-of-confusion, head-motion, and intersensory interaction and adaptation in the accurate perception of virtual acoustic sources. The notion of artificially enhanced localization cues is also a promising area. 2. A fruitful area for joint basic and applied research is the development of perceptually-viable methods of simplifying the synthesis technique to maximize the efficiency of algorithms for complex room modeling. 3. Future effort should still be devoted to developing more realistic models of acoustic environments with implementation on more powerful hardware platforms. Nonspeech Audio 1. Theoretical research should focus on lower-level sensory and higher-level cognitive determinants of acoustic perceptual organization, with particular emphasis on how acoustic parameters interact to determine the identification, segregation, and localization of multiple, simultaneous sources. 2. Technology development should focus on hardware and software systems specifically aimed at real-time generation and control for acoustic information display. Haptics 1. Development should be encouraged of a variety of computer-controlled mechanical devices for either basic scientific investigation of the human haptic system or to serve as haptic interfaces for virtual environments and teleloperation. 2. Research programs should be initiated to encourage collaboration among engineers who are capable of building high precision robotic devices and scientists who can conduct biomechanical and perceptual experiments with the devices. 3. Research …
Neural Darwinism and Consciousness 1 RUNNING HEAD : Neural Darwinism and Consciousness Neural Darwinism and Consciousness

Neural Darwinism (ND), also called the Theory of Neuronal Group Selection (TNGS) is a biological theory of brain development and function which is based on evolutionary and developmental principles. ND highlights the importance of selectionist processes underlying these principles. The aim of this literature review is to capture and summarize the essentials of both ND and its theoretical extensions, the Dynamic Core Hypothesis (TDCH) and Information Integration Theory, and reflect how ND as a theory accounts for a wide range of conscious phenomena such as general, informational and subjective conscious states. This is achieved by evaluating how 16 widely recognized properties of consciousness can be explained and accounted for with the theoretical framework of ND. Neural Darwinism and Consciousness 4
An Analytical Lidar Sensor Model Based on Ray Path Information

Two core competencies of a mobile robot are to build a map of the environment and to estimate its own pose on the basis of this map and incoming sensor readings. To account for the uncertainties in this process, one typically employs probabilistic state estimation approaches combined with a model of the specific sensor. Over the past years, lidar sensors have become a popular choice for mapping and localization. However, many common lidar models perform poorly in unstructured, unpredictable environments, they lack a consistent physical model for both mapping and localization, and they do not exploit all the information the sensor provides, e.g. out-of-range measurements. In this letter, we introduce a consistent physical model that can be applied to mapping as well as to localization. It naturally deals with unstructured environments and makes use of both out-of-range measurements and information about the ray path. The approach can be seen as a generalization of the well-established reflection model, but in addition to counting ray reflections and traversals in a specific map cell, it considers the distances that all rays travel inside this cell. We prove that the resulting map maximizes the data likelihood and demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art sensor models in extensive real-world experiments.
NFC antenna research and a simple impedance matching method

Near Field Communication (NFC) technology evolved from a non-contact radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and intercommunication technology. Sensor reader, contactless card and peer to peer features integrate to a single chip. This chip could communicate with compatible devices by the identification and data exchange at a short distance. The technology was a simple merger of RFID technology and network technology at first, but it has evolved into a short-range wireless communications technology, which develops very quickly. This paper introduces the concept and characteristics of NFC technology first. Then, starting from the antenna coil used by NFC technology, this paper accomplished the theoretical analysis, Matlab simulation, HFSS and ADS2009 joint simulation respectively, and improved design an antenna impedance matching approach.
A neuro-stimulus chip with telemetry unit for retinal prosthetic device

In this retinal prosthesis project, a rehabilitative device is designed to replace the functionality of defective photoreceptors in patients suffering from retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The device consists of an extraocular and an intraocular unit. The implantable component receives power and a data signal via a telemetric inductive link between the two units. The extraocular unit includes a video camera and video processing board, a telemetry protocol encoder chip, and an RF amplifier and primary coil. The intraocular unit consists of a secondary coil, a rectifier and regulator, a retinal chip with a telemetry protocol decoder, a stimulus signal generator, and an electrode array. This paper focuses on the design, fabrication, and testing of a microchip which serves as the telemetry protocol decoder and stimulus signal generator. It is fabricated by MOSIS with 1.2-mm CMOS technology and was demonstrated to provide the desired biphasic current stimulus pulses for an array of 100 retinal electrodes at video frame rates.
Storytelling by the StoryCake visualization

On the issue of how to explore the complex relationships of entities in a story, Storyline visualization has proven to be a useful approach. The traditional Storyline visualization technology only applies to a linear continuous story and has the limitation of reflecting the development of the plots in a story. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical plot visualization method called StoryCake to improve this problem. First, according to the story elements, inter-sessions are divided into groups, whereby the layout of the entities will be optimized in individual groups. Then, the hierarchical relationships of entities in polar coordinates can be confirmed. Finally, we use several skills, e.g., interaction, labels and a fan-shaped visualization view, to enable people better understand how story evolves and track the hierarchical relationship more conveniently. Experimental results show that the proposed hierarchical plot visualization method in polar coordinates can reveal discontinuous events and nonlinear stories. The results also show that our algorithm presents the narrative structure and development of the story.
Principles for Conducting Critical Realist Case Study Research in Information Systems

Critical realism is emerging as a viable philosophical paradigm for conducting social science research, and has been proposed as an alternative to the more prevalent paradigms of positivism and interpretivism. Few papers, however, have offered clear guidance for applying this philosophy to actual research methodologies. Under critical realism, a causal explanation for a given phenomenon is inferred by explicitly identifying the means by which structural entities and contextual conditions interact to generate a given set of events. Consistent with this view of causality, we propose a set of methodological principles for conducting and evaluating critical realism-based explanatory case study research within the information systems field. The principles are derived directly from the ontological and epistemological assumptions of critical realism. We demonstrate the utility of each of the principles through examples drawn from existing critical realist case studies. The article concludes by discussing the implications of critical realism based research for IS research and practice.
Channel estimation in millimeter wave MIMO systems with one-bit quantization

We develop channel estimation agorithms for millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems with one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Since the mmWave MIMO channel is sparse due to the propagation characteristics, the estimation problem is formulated as a one-bit compressed sensing problem. We propose a modified EM algorithm that exploits sparsity and has better performance than the conventional EM algorithm. We also present a second solution using the generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) algorithm to solve this optimization problem. The simulation results show that GAMP can reduce mean squared error in the important low and medium SNR regions.
Discriminative Correlation Filter with Channel and Spatial Reliability

Short-term tracking is an open and challenging problem for which discriminative correlation filters (DCF) have shown excellent performance.We introduce the channel and spatial reliability concepts to DCF tracking and provide a novel learning algorithm for its efficient and seamless integration in the filter update and the tracking process. The spatial reliability map adjusts the filter support to the part of the object suitable for tracking. This both allows to enlarge the search region and improves tracking of non-rectangular objects. Reliability scores reflect channel-wise quality of the learned filters and are used as feature weighting coefficients in localization. Experimentally, with only two simple standard features, HoGs and Colornames, the novel CSRDCF method – DCF with Channel and Spatial Reliability – achieves state-of-the-art results on VOT 2016, VOT 2015 and OTB100. The CSR-DCF runs in real-time on a CPU.
A PVT-insensitive CMOS output driver with constant slew rate

In this paper, we propose an output driver which has constant slew rate over PVT variation. To make output driver's slew rate to be constant, rising and failing time of pre-driving node of output driver is kept constant by predriver, which has constant pull-up and pull-down path resistance. To make output voltage swing level to be constant, another replica bias circuit was used with CMOS push-pull output driver. HSPICE simulations show that the slew rate is 3.21 V/nS on fast condition and 3.12V/nS on slow condition with 1.4K pre-driver's path resistance. This circuit was implemented with 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process.
FourQNEON: Faster Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplications on ARM Processors

We present a high-speed, high-security implementation of the recently proposed elliptic curve FourQ (ASIACRYPT 2015) for 32-bit ARM processors with NEON support. Exploiting the versatile and compact arithmetic of this curve, we design a vectorized implementation that achieves high-performance across a large variety of ARM architectures. Our software is fully protected against timing and cache attacks, and showcases the impressive speed of FourQ when compared with other curve-based alternatives. For example, one single variable-base scalar multiplication is computed in about 235,000 Cortex-A8 cycles or 132,000 Cortex-A15 cycles which, compared to the fastest genus 2 Kummer and Curve25519 implementations on the same platforms, offers speedups between 1.3x−1.7x and between 2.1x−2.4x, respectively. In comparison with the NIST standard curve K-283, we achieve speedups above 4x and 5.5x.
Statistical analysis of big data on pharmacogenomics.

This paper discusses statistical methods for estimating complex correlation structure from large pharmacogenomic datasets. We selectively review several prominent statistical methods for estimating large covariance matrix for understanding correlation structure, inverse covariance matrix for network modeling, large-scale simultaneous tests for selecting significantly differently expressed genes and proteins and genetic markers for complex diseases, and high dimensional variable selection for identifying important molecules for understanding molecule mechanisms in pharmacogenomics. Their applications to gene network estimation and biomarker selection are used to illustrate the methodological power. Several new challenges of Big data analysis, including complex data distribution, missing data, measurement error, spurious correlation, endogeneity, and the need for robust statistical methods, are also discussed.
Perpetuating online sexism offline: Anonymity, interactivity, and the effects of sexist hashtags on social media

Sexism and sexual harassment are not uncommon in online environments such as social networking sites, forums, and video games. This experiment investigated whether users’ anonymity and level of interactivity with sexist content on social media influenced sexist attitudes and offline behavior. Participants (N = 172) used a Twitter account that was anonymous or had personally identifying details. They were asked to share (i.e., retweet) or write posts incorporating a sexist hashtag. After exposure, participants completed two purportedly unrelated tasks, a survey and a job hiring simulation in which they evaluated male and female candidates’ resumés. Anonymous participants reported greater hostile sexism after tweeting than nonanonymous participants. Participants who composed sexist tweets reported greater hostile sexism and ranked female job candidates as less competent than those who retweeted, although this did not significantly affect their likelihood to hire.
A Path Loss Simulator for the 3GPP 5G Channel Models

This paper presents a web based simulator for large-scale path loss models, according to the 3GPP TR 38.901 report, for 5G network frequencies. In order to implement the simulator was necessary to analyze the model presented in the TR 38.901. The necessary tools were chosen to program this simulator. The parameters necessary for the calculation are specified in the TR 38.901 according to the selected scenario. The simulator allows choosing between the four scenarios contemplated in the 3GPP report, and at the same time, it requests the parameters corresponding to the scenario. As a result, it returns the path loss value, a tabulation and a graph that explain the behavior of the path loss for a range previously specified by the user. The simulator was tested and analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations. This simulator can be used for mobile service provider and for the training and teaching.
Hotbeds of crime and the search for spatial accuracy

One of the most important aspects of spatial crime analysis is the identi®cation of hotspots: areas of the highest crime concentration. This paper advances a methodology for hotspot detection based on a global moving window approach combined with the use of local statistics to de®ne the hotspot limit. This technique generates hotspots that both follow the urban morphology of the crime distribution and ensures their spatial segregation. The hypothesis that police o1⁄2cers can construct an accurate perception of crime distribution from exposure to daily policing practices is used to demonstrate an application in the use of hotspot analysis. Signi®cant regions generated from recorded crime data are compared with perceived local hotspots catalogued from surveys with police o1⁄2cers. Results from this study show two discrete types of hotspot, here termed hotpoints and hotbeds. The morphology of these crime hotpoints and hotbeds is discussed and possible causes documented.
Advances in vegetation management for power line corridor monitoring using aerial remote sensing techniques

This paper presents a comprehensive discussion of vegetation management approaches in power line corridors based on aerial remote sensing techniques. We address three issues 1) strategies for risk management in power line corridors, 2) selection of suitable platforms and sensor suite for data collection and 3) the progress in automated data processing techniques for vegetation management. We present initial results from a series of experiments and, challenges and lessons learnt from our project.
The relationship of the fronto-temporal branches of the facial nerve to the fascias of the temporal region: a literature review applied to practical anatomical dissection

The understanding of the course of the facial nerve and its relationship to the different connective tissue layers in the temporal area is paramount to preserving this nerve during surgery. But the use of different nomenclatures for anatomical structures such as for the different fascial layers or fat pads in the temporal region as well as the difference in description of the course of the fronto-temporal branches of the facial nerve in relationship to the fascial layers can lead to confusion. Therefore we have reviewed the literature about this topic and tried to apply the information to practical anatomical dissection.
Fast 3D recognition and pose using the Viewpoint Feature Histogram

We present the Viewpoint Feature Histogram (VFH), a descriptor for 3D point cloud data that encodes geometry and viewpoint. We demonstrate experimentally on a set of 60 objects captured with stereo cameras that VFH can be used as a distinctive signature, allowing simultaneous recognition of the object and its pose. The pose is accurate enough for robot manipulation, and the computational cost is low enough for real time operation. VFH was designed to be robust to large surface noise and missing depth information in order to work reliably on stereo data.
A 40 mV-Differential-Channel-Swing Transceiver Using a RX Current-Integrating TIA and a TX Pre-Emphasis Equalizer With a CML Driver at 9 Gb/s

A differential transceiver achieves a 40 mVppd channel signal-swing, a 9 mVppd receiver (RX) input sensitivity, and a 0.59 pJ/b energy efficiency at 9 Gb/s with a 12" FR-4 channel. A current-integrating TIA (CI-TIA) is proposed as a RX pre-amplifier to enhance the RX input sensitivity by increasing the voltage gain of the CI-TIA to around 18 at 9 Gb/s. The RX circuit alone works up to 11 Gb/s with a 1" FR-4 channel. A voltage-mode pre-emphasis equalizer is combined with a current-mode logic (CML) driver at transmitter (TX) to save the low-frequency de-emphasis current of the conventional current-mode equalizer combined with a CML driver. The voltage-mode equalizer consists of a series connection of an inverter and a capacitor; the equalization coefficient is proportional to the supply voltage of the inverter. The transceiver chip in a 65 nm CMOS process consumes 2.8 mW at TX and 2.5 mW at RX with a 1 V supply and a 12" FR-4 channel at 9 Gb/s.