nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
DADIL : Data Augmentation for Domain-Invariant Learning

In this paper, we propose a new framework named Data Augmentation for Domain-Invariant Learning (DADIL). In the field of manufacturing, labeling sensor data as normal or abnormal is helpful for improving productivity and avoiding problems. In practice, however, the status of equipment may change due to changes in maintenance and settings (referred to as a “domain change”), which makes it difficult to collect sufficient homogeneous data. Therefore, it is important to develop a discriminative model that can use a limited number of data samples. Moreover, real data might contain noise that could have a negative impact. We focus on the following aspect: The difficulties of a domain change are also due to the limited data. Although the number of data samples in each domain is low, we make use of data augmentation which is a promising way to mitigate the influence of noise and enhance the performance of discriminative models. In our data augmentation method, we generate “pseudo data” by combining the data for each label regardless of the domain and extract a domain-invariant representation for classification. We experimentally show that this representation is effective for obtaining the label precisely using real datasets.
Low-Temperature Bonding of Laser Diode Chips on Silicon Substrates Using Plasma Activation of Au Films

A low-temperature bonding of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) chips on Si substrates was achieved by using plasma activation of Au films. After the surfaces of Au films were cleaned using an Ar radio frequency plasma, bonding was carried out by contact in ambient air with applied static pressure. The experimental results showed that surface morphological change (the reduction of asperity width) as well as removal of adsorbed organic contaminants by plasma treatment significantly improved the quality of joints. At a bonding temperature of 100degC, the die-shear strength exceeded the failure criteria of MIL-STD-883.
Blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome with translocation and deletion at chromosome 3q23 in a black African female.

Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder whose main features are the abnormal shape, position and alignment of the eyelids. Type I refers to BPES with female infertility from premature ovarian failure while type II is limited to the ocular features. A causative gene, FOXL2, has been localized to 3q23. We report a black female who carried a de novo chromosomal translocation and 3.13 Mb deletion at 3q23, 1.2 Mb 5' to FOXL2. This suggests the presence of distant cis regulatory elements at the extended FOXL2 locus. In spite of 21 protein coding genes in the 3.13 Mb deleted segment, the patient had no other malformation and a strictly normal psychomotor development at age 2.5 years. Our observation confirms panethnicity of BPES and adds to the knowledge of the complex cis regulation of human FOXL2 gene expression.
CarSpeak: a content-centric network for autonomous driving

This paper introduces CarSpeak, a communication system for autonomous driving. CarSpeak enables a car to query and access sensory information captured by other cars in a manner similar to how it accesses information from its local sensors. CarSpeak adopts a content-centric approach where information objects -- i.e., regions along the road -- are first class citizens. It names and accesses road regions using a multi-resolution system, which allows it to scale the amount of transmitted data with the available bandwidth. CarSpeak also changes the MAC protocol so that, instead of having nodes contend for the medium, contention is between road regions, and the medium share assigned to any region depends on the number of cars interested in that region.
 CarSpeak is implemented in a state-of-the-art autonomous driving system and tested on indoor and outdoor hardware testbeds including an autonomous golf car and 10 iRobot Create robots. In comparison with a baseline that directly uses 802.11, CarSpeak reduces the time for navigating around obstacles by 2.4x, and reduces the probability of a collision due to limited visibility by 14x.
MRI of wrist ligaments.

The optimal imaging protocols for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the wrist ligaments are discussed, including the use of magnetic resonance arthrography, and 3 Tesla (T) versus 1.5 T magnetic field strength. The normal MRI appearance of the triangular fibrocartilage complex, capsular, and interosseous wrist ligaments is briefly covered to point out potential diagnostic pitfalls. Numerous examples of common ligamentous pathology discernible on MRI are provided, along with the latest estimates of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity provided by the literature.
A quick method for finding shortest pairs of disjoint paths

Let G be a directed graph containing n vertices, one of which is a distinguished source s, and m edges, each with a non-negative cost. We consider the problem of finding, for each possible sink vertex u , a pair of edge-disjoint paths from s to u of minimum total edge cost. Suurballe has given an O(n2 1ogn)-time algorithm for this problem. We give an implementation of Suurballe’s algorithm that runs in O(m log(, +,+)n) time and O(m) space. Our algorithm builds an implicit representation of the n pairs of paths; given this representation, the time necessary to explicitly construct the pair of paths for any given sink is O(1) per edge on the paths.
The impact of long-term liming on soil organic carbon and aggregate stability in low-input acid soils

This study used two field trials with 5 and 34 years of liming histories, respectively, and aimed to elucidate the long-term effect of liming on soil organic C (SOC) in acid soils. It was hypothesized that long-term liming would increase SOC concentration, macro-aggregate stability and SOC concentration within aggregates. Surface soils (0–10 cm) were sampled and separated into four aggregate-size classes: large macro-aggregates (>2 mm), small macro-aggregates (0.25–2 mm), micro-aggregates (0.053–0.25 mm) and silt and clay fraction (<0.053 mm) by wet sieving, and the SOC concentration of each aggregate-size was quantified. Liming decreased SOC in the bulk soil and in aggregates as well as macro-aggregate stability in the low-input and cultivated 34-year-old trial. In contrast, liming did not significantly change the concentration of SOC in the bulk soil or in aggregates but improved macro-aggregate stability in the 5-year-old trial under undisturbed unimproved pastures. Furthermore, the single application of lime to the surface soil increased pH in both topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsurface soil (10–20 cm) and increased K2SO4-extractable C, microbial biomass C (Cmic) and basal respiration (CO2) in both soil layers of both lime trials. Liming increased the percentage of SOC present as microbial biomass C (Cmic/Corg) and decreased the respiration rate per unit biomass (qCO2). The study concludes that despite long-term liming decreased total SOC in the low-input systems, it increased labile C pools and the percentage of SOC present as microbial biomass C.
An architectural approach to building systems from COTS software components

As software systems become increasingly complex to build developers are turning more and more to integrating pre-built components from third party developers into their systems. This use of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software components in system construction presents new challenges to system architects and designers. This paper is an experience report that describes issues raised when integrating COTS components, outlines strategies for integration, and presents some informal rules we have developed that ease the development and maintenance of such systems.
Computer adaptive testing for student's knowledge in C++ exam

In adaptive learning systems for distance learning attention is focused on adjusting the learning material to the needs of the individual. Adaptive tests adjust to the current level of knowledge of the examinee and is specific for their needs, thus it is much better at evaluating the knowledge of each individual. The basic goal of adaptive computer tests is to ensure the examinee questions that are challenging enough for them but not too difficult, which would lead to frustration and confusion. The aim of this paper is to present a computer adaptive test (CAT) realized in MATLAB.
Effect of a Postpartum Training Program on the Prevalence of Diastasis Recti Abdominis in Postpartum Primiparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Diastasis recti abdominis affects a significant number of women during the prenatal and postnatal period.



The objective was to evaluate the effect of a postpartum training program on the prevalence of diastasis recti abdominis.



The design was a secondary analysis of an assessor-masked randomized controlled trial.



One hundred seventy-five primiparous women (mean age = 29.8 ± 4.1 years) were randomized to an exercise or control group. The interrectus distance was palpated using finger widths, with a cutoff point for diastasis as ≥2 finger widths. Measures were taken 4.5 cm above, at, and 4.5 cm below the umbilicus. The 4-month intervention started 6 weeks postpartum and consisted of a weekly, supervised exercise class focusing on strength training of the pelvic floor muscles. In addition, the women were asked to perform daily pelvic floor muscle training at home. The control group received no intervention. Analyses were based on intention to treat. The Mantel-Haenszel test (relative risk [RR] ratio) and the chi-square test for independence were used to evaluate between-group differences on categorical data.



At 6 weeks postpartum, 55.2% and 54.5% of the participants were diagnosed with diastasis in the intervention and control groups, respectively. No significant differences between groups in prevalence were found at baseline (RR: 1.01 [0.77-1.32]), at 6 months postpartum (RR: 0.99 [0.71-1.38]), or at 12 months postpartum (RR: 1.04 [0.73-1.49]).



The interrecti distance was palpated using finger widths, and the sample included women with and without diastasis.



A weekly, postpartum, supervised exercise program, including strength training of the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles, in addition to daily home training of the pelvic floor muscles, did not reduce the prevalence of diastasis.
Rescuing memristor-based neuromorphic design with high defects

Memristor-based synaptic network has been widely investigated and applied to neuromorphic computing systems for the fast computation and low design cost. As memristors continue to mature and achieve higher density, bit failures within crossbar arrays can become a critical issue. These can degrade the computation accuracy significantly. In this work, we propose a defect rescuing design to restore the computation accuracy. In our proposed design, significant weights in a specified network are first identified and retraining and remapping algorithms are described. For a two layer neural network with 92.64% classification accuracy on MNIST digit recognition, our evaluation based on real device testing shows that our design can recover almost its full performance when 20% random defects are present.
A dual-band rectifier for RF energy harvesting systems

The environment of the city is surrounded by a lot of radio frequency (RF) energy that is broadcasted by diverse wireless systems. In order to enhance the value of the energy more than the channels to communicate, the ambient RF energy harvesting system was designed to harvest and recycle the energy for many applications such as battery chargers, sensor devices and portable devices. The main element of the ambient RF energy harvesting system is a rectenna that is the combination of an antenna and a rectifying circuit. Even though the ambient RF energy is widely broadcasted with many systems, the energy is extremely low. Therefore, the high performance of the antenna and the rectifying circuit has to be designed for supporting the small incident power; also the number of frequency channels of the rectenna can enhance the performance and support different harvesting locations. This paper proposes a dual-band rectifier for RF energy harvesting systems that was designed to operate at 2.1 GHz and 2.45 GHz. The first channel can provide the maximum efficiency of 24% with 1.9 V of the output voltage at 10 dBm of input power. On the other hand, a maximum efficiency of 18% and 1.7 V of the output voltage can be achieved by the second channel at 10 dBm of input power.
Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity.

This study provided a comprehensive examination of the full range of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership.  (based on 626 correlations from 87 sources) revealed an overall validity of .44 for transformational leadership, and this validity generalized over longitudinal and multisource designs. Contingent reward (.39) and laissez-faire (-.37) leadership had the next highest overall relations; management by exception (active and passive) was inconsistently related to the criteria. Surprisingly, there were several criteria for which contingent reward leadership had stronger relations than did transformational leadership. Furthermore, transformational leadership was strongly correlated with contingent reward (.80) and laissez-faire (-.65) leadership. Transformational and contingent reward leadership generally predicted criteria controlling for the other leadership dimensions, although transformational leadership failed to predict leader job performance.
Discovering genotypes underlying human phenotypes: past successes for mendelian disease, future approaches for complex disease

The past two decades have witnessed an explosion in the identification, largely by positional cloning, of genes associated with mendelian diseases. The roughly 1,200 genes that have been characterized have clarified our understanding of the molecular basis of human genetic disease. The principles derived from these successes should be applied now to strategies aimed at finding the considerably more elusive genes that underlie complex disease phenotypes. The distribution of types of mutation in mendelian disease genes argues for serious consideration of the early application of a genomic-scale sequence-based approach to association studies and against complete reliance on a positional cloning approach based on a map of anonymous single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes.
Modeling Pulsar Wind Nebulae

In the last few years, new observations by CHANDRA and XMM have shown that Pulsar Wind Nebulae present a complex but similar inner feature, with the presence of axisymmetric rings and jets, which is generally referred as jet-torus structure. Due to the rapid growth in accuracy and robustness of numerical schemes for relativistic fluid-dynamics, it is now possible to model the flow and magnetic structure of the relativistic plasma responsible for the emission. Recent results have clarified how the jet and rings are formed, suggesting that the morphology is strongly related to the wind properties, so that, in principle, it is possible to infer the conditions in the unshocked wind from the nebular emission. I will review here the current status in the modeling of Pulsar Wind Nebulae, and, in particular, how numerical simulations have increased our understanding of the flow structure, observed emission, polarization and spectral properties. I will also point to possible future developments of the present models.
Marvin: A Heuristic Search Planner with Online Macro-Action Learning

This paper describes Marvin, a planner that competed in the F ourth International Planning Competition (IPC 4). Marvin uses action-sequence-memoisa ti n techniques to generate macroactions, which are then used during search for a solution pla . We provide an overview of its architecture and search behaviour, detailing the algorith ms used. We also empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of its features in various planning domai ns; in particular, the effects on performance due to the use of macro-actions, the novel features of i t search behaviour, and the native support of ADL and Derived Predicates.
Defining a degradation cost function for optimal control of a battery energy storage system

Optimal control of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) is challenging because it needs to consider benefits arising in power system operation as well as cost induced from BESS commitment. The presented approach relies on the methodology of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for optimal BESS operation. Variable and strongly usage dependent battery degradation costs constitute the bulk of the marginal costs for BESS operation. Battery degradation is usually modeled with nonlinear functional dependencies or an implicit cycle counting approach unsuited for an MPC implementation. In this paper an explicit cost function considering battery degradation is developed, which sufficiently captures the nonlinearities and is applicable for arbitrary battery load patterns. The resulting piece-wise affine cost function leads to a mixed-integer quadratic programming problem allowing a standard hybrid MPC formulation. As proof-of-concept, a peak shaving algorithm relying on the proposed cost function and on adaptive soft limits is developed and implemented on the Zurich 1MW BESS demonstration project, owned and operated by the utility of the Canton of Zurich (EKZ).
The Streptococcus mutans Cid and Lrg systems modulate virulence traits in response to multiple environmental signals

The tight control of autolysis by Streptococcus mutans is critical for proper virulence gene expression and biofilm formation. A pair of dicistronic operons, SMU.575/574 (lrgAB) and SMU.1701/1700 (designated cidAB), encode putative membrane proteins that share structural features with the bacteriophage-encoded holin family of proteins, which modulate host cell lysis during lytic infection. Analysis of S. mutans lrg and cid mutants revealed a role for these operons in autolysis, biofilm formation, glucosyltransferase expression and oxidative stress tolerance. Expression of lrgAB was repressed during early exponential phase and was induced over 1000-fold as cells entered late exponential phase, whereas cidAB expression declined from early to late exponential phase. A two-component system encoded immediately upstream of lrgAB (LytST) was required for activation of lrgAB expression, but not for cid expression. In addition to availability of oxygen, glucose levels were revealed to affect lrg and cid transcription differentially and significantly, probably through CcpA (carbon catabolite protein A). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the Cid/Lrg system can affect several virulence traits of S. mutans, and its expression is controlled by two major environmental signals, oxygen and glucose. Moreover, cid/lrg expression is tightly regulated by LytST and CcpA.
A psychometric approach to the measurement of color preference.

A three-part investigation was conducted to explore the meaning of color preferences. Phase 1 used a Q-sort technique to assess intra-individual stability of preferences over 5 wk. Phase 2 used principal components analysis to discern the manner in which preferences were being made. Phase 3 used canonical correlation to evaluate a hypothesized relationship between color preferences and personality, with five scales of the Personality Research Form serving as the criterion measure. Munsell standard papers, a standard light source, and a color vision test were among control devices applied. There were marked differences in stability of color preferences. Sex differences in intra-individual stability were also apparent among the 90 subjects. An interaction of hue and lightness appeared to underlie such judgments when saturation was kept constant. An unexpected breakdown in control pointed toward the possibly powerful effect of surface finish upon color preference. No relationship to five manifest needs were found. It was concluded that the beginning steps had been undertaken toward psychometric development of a reliable technique for the measurement of color preference.
Matching Natural Language Relations to Knowledge Graph Properties for Question Answering

Research has seen considerable achievements concerning translation of natural language patterns into formal queries for Question Answering (QA) based on Knowledge Graphs (KG). One of the main challenges in this research area is about how to identify which property within a Knowledge Graph matches the predicate found in a Natural Language (NL) relation. Current approaches for formal query generation attempt to resolve this problem mainly by first retrieving the named entity from the KG together with a list of its predicates, then filtering out one from all the predicates of the entity. We attempt an approach to directly match an NL predicate to KG properties that can be employed within QA pipelines. In this paper, we specify a systematic approach as well as providing a tool that can be employed to solve this task. Our approach models KB relations with their underlying parts of speech, we then enhance this with extra attributes obtained from Wordnet and Dependency parsing characteristics. From a question, we model a similar representation of query relations. We then define distance measurements between the query relation and the properties representations from the KG to identify which property is referred to by the relation within the query. We report substantive recall values and considerable precision from our evaluation.
Context-Aware Recommender System : A Review of Recent Developmental Process and Future Research Direction

Intelligent data handling techniques are beneficial for users; to store, process, analyze and access the vast amount of information produced by electronic and automated devices. The leading approach is to use recommender systems (RS) to extract relevant information from the vast amount of knowledge. However, early recommender systems emerged without the cognizance to contextualize information regarding users’ recommendations. Considering the historical methodological limitations, Context-Aware Recommender Systems (CARS) are now deployed, which leverage contextual information in addition to the classical two-dimensional search processes, providing better-personalized user recommendations. This paper presents a review of recent developmental processes as a fountainhead for the research of a context-aware recommender system. This work contributes by taking an integrated approach to the complete CARS developmental process, unlike other review papers, which only address a specific aspect of the CARS process. First, an in-depth review is presented pertaining to the state-of-the-art and classified literature, considering the domain of the application models, filters, extraction and evaluation approaches. Second, viewpoints are presented relating to the extraction of literature with analysis on the merit and demerit of each, and the evolving processes between them. Finally, the outstanding challenges and opportunities for future research directions are highlighted.