nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A temperature and emissivity separation algorithm for Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) scanner on NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS)-AM1 satellite (launch scheduled for 1998) will collect five bands of thermal infrared (TIR) data with a noise equivalent temperature difference ( NE T ) of 0.3 K to estimate surface temperatures and emissivity spectra, especially over land, where emissivities are not known in advance. Temperature/emissivity separation (TES) is difficult because there are five measurements but six unknowns. Various approaches have been used to constrain the extra degree of freedom. ASTER’s TES algorithm hybridizes three established algorithms, first estimating the normalized emissivities and then calculating emissivity band ratios. An empirical relationship predicts the minimum emissivity from the spectral contrast of the ratioed values, permitting recovery of the emissivity spectrum. TES uses an iterative approach to remove reflected sky irradiance. Based on numerical simulation, TES should be able to recover temperatures within about 1.5 K and emissivities within about 0.015. Validation using airborne simulator images taken over playas and ponds in central Nevada demonstrates that, with proper atmospheric compensation, it is possible to meet the theoretical expectations. The main sources of uncertainty in the output temperature and emissivity images are the empirical relationship between emissivity values and spectral contrast, compensation for reflected sky irradiance, and ASTER’s precision, calibration, and atmospheric compensation.
Bloom's taxonomy levels for three software engineer profiles

This paper is the product of a workshop held in Amsterdam during the Software Technology and Practice Conference (STEP 2003). The purpose of the paper is to propose Bloom's taxonomy levels for the Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK) topics for three software engineer profiles: a new graduate, a graduate with four years of experience, and an experienced member of a software engineering process group. Bloom's taxonomy levels are proposed for topics of four knowledge areas of the SWEBOK Guide: software maintenance, software engineering management, software engineering process, and software quality. By proposing Bloom's taxonomy in this way, the paper aims to illustrate how such profiles could be used as a tool in defining job descriptions, software engineering role descriptions within a software engineering process definition, professional development paths, and training programs.
1 Automatically Identifying Trigger-based Behavior in Malware

• MacArthur Fellowship, 2010 • Guggenheim Fellowship, 2010 • Li Ka Shing Foundation Women in Science Distinguished Lectu re Series Award, 2010 • MIT Technology Review TR-35 Award (recognizing the world’s top innovators under the age of 35), 2009. • Okawa Foundation Research Award, 2008. • Sloan Research Fellow, 2007. • Best Paper Award, 2007 USENIX Security Symposium. • George Tallman Ladd Research Award, Carnegie Mellon Univer sity, 2007. • Highest ranked paper, 2006  Security and Privacy Sympos ium; paper invited to a special issue of the IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing. • NSF CAREER Award on “Exterminating Large Scale Internet Att acks”, 2005. • IBM Faculty Award, 2005.  Highest ranked paper, 1999 IEEE Computer Security Foundati on Workshop; paper invited to a special issue of Journal of Computer Security.
Devanagari Character Recognition Using Gradient Features

We describe novel methods of feature extraction for recognition of single isolated Devanagari character images. Our approach is flexible in that the same algorithms can be used, without modification, for feature extraction in a variety of OCR problems. These include handwritten, machine-print, grayscale, and binary and low-resolution character recognition. We use the gradient representation as the basis for extraction of features. These algorithms require a few simple arithmetic operations per image pixel which ma kes them suitable for real-time applications. Our dataset consists of 200 samples of each of 36 basic Devanagari characters, which are collected from 20 different writers each contributing to write 10 samples of each of 36 characters. Thus we have used total 7200 character samples. All sample images of Devanagari characters used are normalized to 90*90 pixel sizes. A description of the algorithm and experiment with our data set is presented in this paper. Experimental results using Support Vector Machines (SVM) are presented. Our results demonstrate high performance of these features with cross validation accuracy of 94%. Isolated Handwritten Devanagari Character Recognition, Gradient Features, Gradient Feature Extraction, SVM Classifier.
Anticancer Properties of Essential Oils and Other Natural Products

Essential oils are secondary metabolites with a key-role in plants protection, consisting primarily of terpenes with a volatile nature and a diverse array of chemical structures. Essential oils exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, especially antimicrobial activity, and have long been utilized for treating various human ailments and diseases. Cancer cell prevention and cytotoxicity are exhibited through a wide range of mechanisms of action, with more recent research focusing on synergistic and antagonistic activity between specific essential oils major and minor components. Essential oils have been shown to possess cancer cell targeting activity and are able to increase the efficacy of commonly used chemotherapy drugs including paclitaxel and docetaxel, having also shown proimmune functions when administered to the cancer patient. The present review represents a state-of-the-art review of the research behind the application of EOs as anticancer agents both in vitro and in vivo. Cancer cell target specificity and the use of EOs in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic strategies are also explored.
Integration of complex shapes and natural patterns

The richness of visual details in most computer graphics images nowadays is largely due to the extensive use of texture mapping techniques. Texture mapping is the main tool in computer graphics to integrate a given shape to a given pattern. Despite its power it has problems and limitations. Current solutions cannot handle complex shapes properly. The de nition of the mapping function and problems like distortions can turn the process into a very cumbersome one for the application programmer and consequently for the nal user. An associated problem is the synthesis of patterns which are used as texture. The available options are usually limited to scanning in real pictures. This document is a PhD proposal to investigate techniques to integrate complex shapes and patterns which will not only overcome problems usually associated with texture mapping but also give us more control and make less ad hoc the task of combining shape and pattern. We break the problem into three parts: modeling of patterns, modeling of shape and integration. The integration step will use common information to drive both the modeling of patterns and shape in an integrated manner. Our approach is inspired by observations on how these processes happen in real life, where there is no pattern without a shape associated with it. The proposed solutions will hopefully extent the generality, applicability and exibility of existing integration methods in computer graphics. iii Table of
Effect of the adapted Virtual Reality cognitive training program among Chinese older adults with chronic schizophrenia: a pilot study.

To examine the effect of the adapted virtual reality cognitive training program in older adults with chronic schizophrenia.



Older adults with chronic schizophrenia were recruited from a long-stay care setting and were randomly assigned into intervention (n = 12) and control group (n = 15). The intervention group received 10-session of VR program that consisted of 2 VR activities using IREX. The control group attended the usual programs in the setting.



After the 10-session intervention, older adults with chronic schizophrenia preformed significantly better than control in overall cognitive function (p .000), and in two cognitive subscales: repetition (p .001) and memory (p .040). These participants engaged in the VR activities volitionally. No problem of cybersickness was observed.



The results of the current study indicate that engaging in the adapted virtual reality cognitive training program offers the potential for significant gains in cognitive function of the older adults with chronic schizophrenia.
The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Milk Fermentation

Species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent as potential microorganisms and have been widely applied in food fermentation worldwide. Milk fermentation process has been relied on the activity of LAB, where transformation of milk to good quality of fermented milk products made possible. The presence of LAB in milk fermentation can be either as spontaneous or inoculated starter cultures. Both of them are promising cultures to be explored in fermented milk manufacture. LAB have a role in milk fermentation to produce acid which is important as preservative agents and generating flavour of the products. They also produce exopolysaccharides which are essential as texture formation. Considering the existing reports on several health-promoting properties as well as their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status of LAB, they can be widely used in the developing of new fermented milk products.
Exposure to Mozart music reduces cognitive impairment in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus rats

Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often display cognitive deficits. However, current epilepsy therapeutic interventions mainly aim at how to reduce the frequency and degree of epileptic seizures. Recovery of cognitive impairment is not attended enough, resulting in the lack of effective approaches in this respect. In the pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy rat model, memory impairment has been classically reported. Here we evaluated spatial cognition changes at different epileptogenesis stages in rats of this model and explored the effects of long-term Mozart music exposure on the recovery of cognitive ability. Our results showed that pilocarpine rats suffered persisting cognitive impairment during epileptogenesis. Interestingly, we found that Mozart music exposure can significantly enhance cognitive ability in epileptic rats, and music intervention may be more effective for improving cognitive function during the early stages after Status epilepticus. These findings strongly suggest that Mozart music may help to promote the recovery of cognitive damage due to seizure activities, which provides a novel intervention strategy to diminish cognitive deficits in TLE patients.
Block periodization of high-intensity aerobic intervals provides superior training effects in trained cyclists.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two different methods of organizing endurance training in trained cyclists. One group of cyclists performed block periodization, wherein the first week constituted five sessions of high-intensity aerobic training (HIT), followed by 3 weeks of one weekly HIT session and focus on low-intensity training (LIT) (BP; n = 10, VO2max  = 62 ± 2 mL/kg/min). Another group of cyclists performed a more traditional organization, with 4 weeks of two weekly HIT sessions interspersed with LIT (TRAD; n = 9, VO2max  = 63 ± 2 mL/kg/min). Similar volumes of both HIT and LIT was performed in the two groups. While BP increased VO2max , peak power output (Wmax) and power output at 2 mmol/L [la(-)] by 4.6 ± 3.7%, 2.1 ± 2.8%, and 10 ± 12%, respectively (P < 0.05), no changes occurred in TRAD. BP showed relative improvements in VO2max compared with TRAD (P < 0.05). Mean effect size (ES) of the relative improvement in VO2max , Wmax , and power output at 2 mmol/L [la(-)] revealed large to moderate effects of BP training compared with TRAD training (ES = 1.34, ES = 0.85, and ES = 0.71, respectively). The present study suggests that block periodization of training provides superior adaptations to traditional organization during a 4-week endurance training period, despite similar training volume and intensity.
A Guide to Visual Multi-Level Interface Design From Synthesis of Empirical Study Evidence

a guide to visual multi level interface design from synthesis of empirical study evidence tamara munzner. Book lovers, when you need a new book to read, find the book here. Never worry not to find what you need. Is the a guide to visual multi level interface design from synthesis of empirical study evidence tamara munzner your needed book now? That's true; you are really a good reader. This is a perfect book that comes from great author to share with you. The book offers the best experience and lesson to take, not only take, but also learn.
Medicinal Properties of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids in Cannabis, and Benefits in Migraine, Headache, and Pain: An Update on Current Evidence and Cannabis Science.

Comprehensive literature reviews of historical perspectives and evidence supporting cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of pain, including migraine and headache, with associated neurobiological mechanisms of pain modulation have been well described. Most of the existing literature reports on the cannabinoids Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), or cannabis in general. There are many cannabis strains that vary widely in the composition of cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds. These components work synergistically to produce wide variations in benefits, side effects, and strain characteristics. Knowledge of the individual medicinal properties of the cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids is necessary to cross-breed strains to obtain optimal standardized synergistic compositions. This will enable targeting individual symptoms and/or diseases, including migraine, headache, and pain.



Review the medical literature for the use of cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of migraine, headache, facial pain, and other chronic pain syndromes, and for supporting evidence of a potential role in combatting the opioid epidemic. Review the medical literature involving major and minor cannabinoids, primary and secondary terpenes, and flavonoids that underlie the synergistic entourage effects of cannabis. Summarize the individual medicinal benefits of these substances, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.



There is accumulating evidence for various therapeutic benefits of cannabis/cannabinoids, especially in the treatment of pain, which may also apply to the treatment of migraine and headache. There is also supporting evidence that cannabis may assist in opioid detoxification and weaning, thus making it a potential weapon in battling the opioid epidemic. Cannabis science is a rapidly evolving medical sector and industry with increasingly regulated production standards. Further research is anticipated to optimize breeding of strain-specific synergistic ratios of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other phytochemicals for predictable user effects, characteristics, and improved symptom and disease-targeted therapies.
Cyborgs in the Everyday: Masculinity and Biosensing Prostate Cancer

An in vivo biosensor is a technology in development that will assess the biological activity of cancers to individualise external beam radiotherapy. Inserting such technology into the human body creates cybernetic organisms; a cyborg that is a human-machine hybrid. There is a gap in knowledge relating to patient willingness to allow automated technology to be embedded and to become cyborg. There is little agreement around what makes a cyborg and less understanding of the variation in the cyborgisation process. Understanding the viewpoint of possible beneficiaries addresses such gaps. There are currently three versions of 'cyborg' in the literature (i) a critical feminist STS concept to destabilise power inherent in dualisms, (ii) an extreme version of the human/machine in science-fiction that emphasises the 'man' in human and (iii) a prediction of internal physiological adaptation required for future space exploration. Interview study findings with 12 men in remission from prostate cancer show a fourth version can be used to describe current and future sub-groups of the population; 'everyday cyborgs'. For the everyday cyborg the masculine cyborg status found in the fictionalised human-machine related to issues of control of the cancer. This was preferred to the felt stigmatisation of being a 'leaker and bleeder'. The willingness to become cyborg was matched with a having to get used to the everyday cyborg's technological adaptations and risks. It is crucial to explore the everyday cyborg's sometimes ambivalent viewpoint. The everyday cyborg thus adds the dimension of participant voice currently missing in existing cyborg literatures and imaginations.
Coordinated reset neuromodulation for Parkinson's disease: Proof-of-concept study

The discovery of abnormal synchronization of neuronal activity in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease (PD) has prompted the development of novel neuromodulation paradigms. Coordinated reset neuromodulation intends to specifically counteract excessive synchronization and to induce cumulative unlearning of pathological synaptic connectivity and neuronal synchrony.



In this prospective case series, six PD patients were evaluated before and after coordinated reset neuromodulation according to a standardized protocol that included both electrophysiological recordings and clinical assessments.



Coordinated reset neuromodulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) applied to six PD patients in an externalized setting during three stimulation days induced a significant and cumulative reduction of beta band activity that correlated with a significant improvement of motor function.



These results highlight the potential effects of coordinated reset neuromodulation of the STN in PD patients and encourage further development of this approach as an alternative to conventional high-frequency deep brain stimulation in PD.
VADS: Visual attention detection with a smartphone

Identifying the object that attracts human visual attention is an essential function for automatic services in smart environments. However, existing solutions can compute the gaze direction without providing the distance to the target. In addition, most of them rely on special devices or infrastructure support. This paper explores the possibility of using a smartphone to detect the visual attention of a user. By applying the proposed VADS system, acquiring the location of the intended object only requires one simple action: gazing at the intended object and holding up the smartphone so that the object as well as user's face can be simultaneously captured by the front and rear cameras. We extend the current advances of computer vision to develop efficient algorithms to obtain the distance between the camera and user, the user's gaze direction, and the object's direction from camera. The object's location can then be computed by solving a trigonometric problem. VADS has been prototyped on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices. Extensive evaluation results show that VADS achieves low error (about 1.5° in angle and 0.15m in distance for objects within 12m) as well as short latency. We believe that VADS enables a large variety of applications in smart environments.
The zygorbicular dissection in composite rhytidectomy: an ideal midface plane.

Composite rhytidectomy added the repositioning of the orbicularis oculi muscle to the deep plane face lift to achieve a more harmonious appearance of the face by adding periorbital rejuvenation. By not separating the orbicularis oculi from the zygomaticus minor and by extending the dissection under medial portions of the zygomaticus major and minor muscles, a more significant improvement in composite rhytidectomy can now be achieved. A thin nonrestrictive mesentery between the deep plane face lift dissection and the zygorbicular dissection still allows vertical movement of the composite face lift flap without interrupting the intimate relationship between the platysma, cheek fat, and orbicularis oculi muscle. This modification eliminates the occasional prolonged edema and occasional temporary dystonia previously observed. It allows the continuation of the use of the arcus marginalis release, which has also been modified by resetting the septum orbitale over the orbital rim. These two modifications allow a more predictable and impressive result. They reinforce the concept of periorbital rejuvenation as an integral part of facial rejuvenation, which not only produces a more harmonious immediate result but prevents the possible unfavorable sequelae of conventional rhytidectomy and lower blepharoplasty.
Novel graphene-based biosensor for early detection of Zika virus infection.

We have developed a cost-effective and portable graphene-enabled biosensor to detect Zika virus with a highly specific immobilized monoclonal antibody. Field Effect Biosensing (FEB) with monoclonal antibodies covalently linked to graphene enables real-time, quantitative detection of native Zika viral (ZIKV) antigens. The percent change in capacitance in response to doses of antigen (ZIKV NS1) coincides with levels of clinical significance with detection of antigen in buffer at concentrations as low as 450pM. Potential diagnostic applications were demonstrated by measuring Zika antigen in a simulated human serum. Selectivity was validated using Japanese Encephalitis NS1, a homologous and potentially cross-reactive viral antigen. Further, the graphene platform can simultaneously provide the advanced quantitative data of nonclinical biophysical kinetics tools, making it adaptable to both clinical research and possible diagnostic applications. The speed, sensitivity, and selectivity of this first-of-its-kind graphene-enabled Zika biosensor make it an ideal candidate for development as a medical diagnostic test.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT INTENSITY AND PERFORMANCE IMPLICATIONS : AN INTERNATIONAL EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

This paper investigates whether it is possible to create value through the active management of direct property portfolios. Using data from Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom, we examine whether portfolio trading activity and growth explain outperformance of listed property companies. The results indicate that beating the market using such a strategy is difficult even in direct property markets. When the property type in which the firm specializes is included as a control variable in the regressions, none of the portfolio management intensity indicators developed in this paper are significantly associated with outperformance. Brounen is with the Rotterdam School of Management of Erasmus University Rotterdam, Eichholtz is with Maastricht University and the University of Amsterdam and Ling is with the Warrington College of Business of the University of Florida. The authors gratefully acknowledge research support from the Real Estate Research Institute. Excellent research assistance was provided by Hugh Marble. Furthermore, Jeroen Beimer is thanked for providing access to the GPR database.  Dirk Brounen, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Financial Management, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, dbrounen@fbk.eur.nl. PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT INTENSITY AND PERFORMANCE  AN INTERNATIONAL EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION