nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic approach in testing the viability of mechanical partial-cut singulation process towards tin-plateable sidewalls for wettable flank on automotive QFN technology

Satisfying stringent customer requirement of visually detectable solder joint termination for high reliability applications requires the implementation of robust wettable flank strategies. One strategy involves the exposition of the sidewall via partial-cut singulation, where the exposed surface could be made wettable through tin (Sn) electroplating process. Herein, we report our systematic approach in evaluating the viability of mechanical partial-cut singulation process to produce Sn-plateable sidewalls, enabling the wettable flank technology using an automotive QFN package are technology carrier.  DOE produced robust set of parameters showing that mechanical partial cut is a promising solution to produce sidewalls appropriate for Sn electroplating, synergistically yielding excellent wettable flanks.
RDF2Vec-based Classification of Ontology Alignment Changes

When ontologies cover overlapping topics, the overlap can be represented using ontology alignments. These alignments need to be continuously adapted to changing ontologies. Especially for large ontologies this is a costly task often consisting of manual work. Finding changes that do not lead to an adaption of the alignment can potentially make this process significantly easier. This work presents an approach to finding these changes based on RDF embeddings and common classification techniques. To examine the feasibility of this approach, an evaluation on a real-world dataset is presented. In this evaluation, the best classifiers reached a precision of 0.8.
Mock objects for testing java systems

When testing software artifacts that have several dependencies, one has the possibility of either instantiating these dependencies or using mock objects to simulate the dependencies’ expected behavior. Even though recent quantitative studies showed that mock objects are widely used both in open source and proprietary projects, scientific knowledge is still lacking on how and why practitioners use mocks. An empirical understanding of the situations where developers have (and have not) been applying mocks, as well as the impact of such decisions in terms of coupling and software evolution can be used to help practitioners adapt and improve their future usage. To this aim, we study the usage of mock objects in three OSS projects and one industrial system. More specifically, we manually analyze more than 2,000 mock usages. We then discuss our findings with developers from these systems, and identify practices, rationales, and challenges. These results are supported by a structured survey with more than 100 professionals. Finally, we manually analyze how the usage of mock objects in test code evolve over time as well as the impact of their usage on the coupling between test and production code. Our study reveals that the usage of mocks is highly dependent on the responsibility and the architectural concern of the class. Developers report to frequently mock dependencies that make testing difficult (e.g., infrastructure-related dependencies) and to not mock classes that encapsulate domain concepts/rules of the system. Among the key challenges, developers report that maintaining the behavior of the mock compatible with the behavior of original class is hard and that mocking increases the coupling between the test and the production code. Their perceptions are confirmed by our data, as we observed that mocks mostly exist since the very first version of the test class, and that they tend to stay there for its whole lifetime, and that changes in production code often force the test code to also change.
An eigenvalue search method using the Orr-Sommerfeld equation for shear flow

A physically-based computational technique was investigated which is intended to estimate an initial guess for complex values of the wavenumber of a disturbance leading to the solution of the fourth-order Orr–Sommerfeld (O–S) equation. The complex wavenumbers, or eigenvalues, were associated with the stability characteristics of a semi-infinite shear flow represented by a hyperbolic-tangent function. This study was devoted to the examination of unstable flow assuming a spatially growing disturbance and is predicated on the fact that flow instability is correlated with elevated levels of perturbation kinetic energy per unit mass. A MATLAB computer program was developed such that the computational domain was selected to be in quadrant IV, where the real part of the wavenumber is positive and the imaginary part is negative to establish the conditions for unstable flow. For a given Reynolds number and disturbance wave speed, the perturbation kinetic energy per unit mass was computed at various node points in the selected subdomain of the complex plane. The initial guess for the complex wavenumber to start the solution process was assumed to be associated with the highest calculated perturbation kinetic energy per unit mass. Once the initial guess had been approximated, it was used to obtain the solution to the O–S equation by performing a Runge–Kutta integration scheme that computationally marched from the far field region in the shear layer down to the lower solid boundary. Results compared favorably with the stability characteristics obtained from an earlier study for semi-infinite Blasius flow over a flat boundary.
Guff : A Game Development Tool

Due to the real time nature of computer games, the main concerns of game developers have been related to efficiency of algorithm execution and visual presentation, instead of code reusability and maintenance. In order to support these concerns, game developers usually have been implementing all the required functionality to build a game, from scratch, in new projects. However, the complexity in game projects has been increasing over time, rendering such practices infeasible. Then, it is necessary to seek new approaches for game development. This work describes a game development tool (developed for a Master's Thesis), which applies an approach that can address this issue: a framework. The Guff framework is an easy to use tool that features automatic resource management on behalf of the developer, a state machine approach to specify and manage game levels, and extensive employment of free and open source libraries to avoid implementing already available functionalities.
Design, build and testing of a hydrokinetic H-Darrieus turbine for developing countries

Hydrokinetic turbines can provide a source of electricity for remote areas located near a river or stream. The objective of this paper is to describe the design, simulation, build, and testing of a novel hydrokinetic turbine. The main components of the system are a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), a machined H-Darrieus rotor, an embedded controls system, and a cataraft. The design and construction of this device was conducted at the Oregon Institute of Technology in Wilsonville, Oregon.
Impacts of cooling technology on solder fatigue for power modules in electric traction drive vehicles

This paper presents three power module cooling topologies that are being considered for use in electric traction drive vehicles such as a hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, or electric vehicle. The impact on the fatigue life of solder joints for each cooling option is investigated along with the thermal performance. Considering solder joint reliability and thermal performance, topologies using indirect jet impingement look attractive.
Spectral clustering and the high-dimensional stochastic blockmodel

Networks or graphs can easily represent a diverse set of data sources that are characterized by interacting units or actors. Social networks, representing people who communicate with each other, are one example. Communities or clusters of highly connected actors form an essential feature in the structure of several empirical networks. Spectral clustering is a popular and computationally feasible method to discover these communities. The Stochastic Block Model (Holland et al., 1983) is a social network model with well defined communities; each node is a member of one community. For a network generated from the Stochastic Block Model, we bound the number of nodes “misclustered” by spectral clustering. The asymptotic results in this paper are the first clustering results that allow the number of clusters in the model to grow with the number of nodes, hence the name high-dimensional. In order to study spectral clustering under the Stochastic Block Model, we first show that under the more general latent space model, the eigenvectors of the normalized graph Laplacian asymptotically converge to the eigenvectors of a “population” normalized graph Laplacian. Aside from the implication for spectral clustering, this provides insight into a graph visualization technique. Our method of studying the eigenvectors of random matrices is original. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 62H30, 62H25; secondary 60B20.
Fringe-Effect Capacitive Proximity Sensors for Tamper Proof Enclosures

Capacitive sensors can be constructed for tamper resistant enclosures to prevent unauthorized intrusions. The use printed circuit can provide serpentine geometric patterns of conductors. Any penetration of this envelope interferes with the conductive serpentine, producing a detectable warning of intrusion. Capacitive sensors discussed in this paper are suitable for implementing in the area of physical security cryptographic modules. These sensors conform to Levels 3 and 4 of the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-2
Prediction of genetic growth curves in pigs.

Genetic growth curves of boars in a test station were predicted on daily weight records collected by automated weighing scales. The data contained 121 865 observations from 1477 Norwegian Landrace boars and 108 589 observations from 1300 Norwegian Duroc boars. Random regression models using Legendre polynomials up to second order for weight at different ages were compared for best predicting ability and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for both breeds. The model with second-order polynomials had best predictive ability and BIC. The heritability for weight, based on this model, was found to vary along the growth trajectory between 0.32-0.35 for Duroc and 0.17-0.25 for Landrace. By varying test length possibility to use shorter test time and pre-selection was tested. Test length was varied and compared with average termination at 100 kg, termination of the test at 90 kg gives, e.g. 2% reduction in accuracy of estimated breeding values (EBV) for both breeds and termination at 80 kg gives 5% reduction in accuracy of EBVs for Landrace and 3% for Duroc. A shorter test period can decrease test costs per boar, but also gives possibilities to increase selection intensity as there will be room for testing more boars.
A 2.5-GHz asymmetric multilevel outphasing power amplifier in 65-nm CMOS

We present a high-efficiency transmitter based on asymmetric multilevel outphasing (AMO). AMO transmitters improve their efficiency over LINC (linear amplification using nonlinear components) transmitters by switching the output envelopes of the power amplifiers among a discrete set of levels. This minimizes the occurrence of large outphasing angles, reducing the energy lost in the power combiner. We demonstrate this concept with a 2.5-GHz, 20-dBm peak output power transmitter using 2-level AMO designed in a 65-nm CMOS process. To the authors' knowledge, this IC is the first integrated implementation of the AMO concept. At peak output power, the measured power-added efficiency is 27.8%. For a 16-QAM signal with 6.1dB peak-to-average power ratio, the AMO prototype improves the average efficiency from 4.7% to 10.0% compared to the standard LINC system.
Efficacy and Long-term Safety of Dexibuprofen [S(+)-Ibuprofen]: A Short-term Efficacy Study in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Hip and a 1-Year Tolerability Study in Patients with Rheumatic Disorders

The efficacy study was performed to prove the equivalent efficacy of dexibuprofen compared to the double dose of racemic ibuprofen and to show a clinical dose-response relationship of dexibuprofen. The 1-year tolerability study was carried out to investigate the tolerability of dexibuprofen. In the efficacy study 178 inpatients with osteoarthritis of the hip were assigned to 600 or 1200 mg of dexibuprofen or 2400 mg of racemic ibuprofen daily. The primary end-point was the improvement of the WOMAC OA index. A 1-year open tolerability study included 223 outpatients pooled from six studies. The main parameter was the incidence of clinical adverse events. In the efficacy study the evaluation of the improvement of the WOMAC OA index showed equivalence of dexibuprofen 400 mg t.i.d. compared to racemic ibuprofen 800 mg t.i.d., with dexibuprofen being borderline superior (P = 0.055). The comparison between the 400 mg t.i.d. and 200 mg t.i.d. doses confirmed a significant superior efficacy of dexibuprofen 400 mg (P = 0.023). In the tolerability study the overall incidence of clinical adverse events was 15.2% (GI tract 11.7%, CNS 1.3%, skin 1.3%, others 0.9%). The active enantiomer dexibuprofen proved to be an effective NSAID with a significant dose-response relationship. Compared to the double dose of racemic ibuprofen, dexibuprofen was at least equally efficient, with borderline superiority over dexibuprofen (P = 0.055). The tolerability study in 223 patients on dexibuprofen showed an incidence of clinical adverse events of 15.2% after 12 months. The results of the studies suggest that dexibuprofen is an effective NSAID with good tolerability.
Underdifferentiation of English lexical stress contrasts by L2 taiwan speakers

Learning the stress patterns of English words presents a challenge for L1 speakers from syllable-timed and/or tone languages. Realization of stress contrasts in previous studies has been measured in a variety of ways. This study adapts and extends Pairwise Variability Index (PVI), a method generally used to measure duration as a property of speech rhythm, to compare F0 and amplitude contrasts across L1 and L2 production of stressed and unstressed syllables in English multisyllabic words. L1 North American English and L1 Taiwan-Mandarin English speech data were extracted from the AESOP-ILAS corpus. Results of acoustic analysis show that overall, stress contrasts were realized most robustly by L1 English speakers. A general pattern of contrast underdifferentiation was found in L2 speakers with respect to F0, duration and intensity, with the most striking difference found in F0. These results corroborate our earlier findings on L1 Mandarin speakers’ production of on-focus/post-focus contrasts in their realization of English narrow focus. Taken together, these results demonstrate that underdifferentiation of prosodic contrasts at both the lexical and phrase levels is a major prosodic feature of Taiwan English; future research will determine whether it can also be found in the L2 English of other syllable-timed or tone language speakers.
Hatebusters: A Web Application for Actively Reporting YouTube Hate Speech

Hatebusters is a web application for actively reporting YouTube hate speech, aiming to establish an online community of volunteer citizens. Hatebusters searches YouTube for videos with potentially hateful comments, scores their comments with a classifier trained on human-annotated data and presents users those comments with the highest probability of being hate speech. It also employs gamification elements, such as achievements and leaderboards, to drive user engagement.
Training Quantized Nets: A Deeper Understanding

Currently, deep neural networks are deployed on low-power portable devices by first training a full-precision model using powerful hardware, and then deriving a corresponding lowprecision model for efficient inference on such systems. However, training models directly with coarsely quantized weights is a key step towards learning on embedded platforms that have limited computing resources, memory capacity, and power consumption. Numerous recent publications have studied methods for training quantized networks, but these studies have mostly been empirical. In this work, we investigate training methods for quantized neural networks from a theoretical viewpoint. We first explore accuracy guarantees for training methods under convexity assumptions. We then look at the behavior of these algorithms for non-convex problems, and show that training algorithms that exploit high-precision representations have an important greedy search phase that purely quantized training methods lack, which explains the difficulty of training using low-precision arithmetic.
Quaternized starch-based carrier for siRNA delivery: from cellular uptake to gene silencing.

RNAi therapeutics is a powerful tool for treating diseases by sequence-specific targeting of genes using siRNA. Since its discovery, the need for a safe and efficient delivery system for siRNA has increased. Here, we have developed and characterized a delivery platform for siRNA based on the natural polysaccharide starch in an attempt to address unresolved delivery challenges of RNAi. Modified potato starch (Q-starch) was successfully obtained by substitution with quaternary reagent, providing Q-starch with cationic properties. The results indicate that Q-starch was able to bind siRNA by self-assembly formation of complexes. For efficient and potent gene silencing we monitored the physical characteristics of the formed nanoparticles at increasing N/P molar ratios. The minimum ratio for complete entrapment of siRNA was 2. The resulting complexes, which were characterized by a small diameter (~30 nm) and positive surface charge, were able to protect siRNA from enzymatic degradation. Q-starch/siRNA complexes efficiently induced P-glycoprotein (P-gp) gene silencing in the human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line, NCI-ADR/Res (NAR), over expressing the targeted gene and presenting low toxicity. Additionally, Q-starch-based complexes showed high cellular uptake during a 24-hour study, which also suggested that intracellular siRNA delivery barriers governed the kinetics of siRNA transfection. In this study, we have devised a promising siRNA delivery vector based on a starch derivative for efficient and safe RNAi application.
PowerShake: Power Transfer Interactions for Mobile Devices

Current devices have limited battery life, typically lasting less than one day. This can lead to situations where critical tasks, such as making an emergency phone call, are not possible. Other devices, supporting different functionality, may have sufficient battery life to enable this task. We present PowerShake; an exploration of power as a shareable commodity between mobile (and wearable) devices. PowerShake enables users to control the balance of power levels in their own devices (intra-personal transactions) and to trade power with others (inter-personal transactions) according to their ongoing usage requirements. This paper demonstrates Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) between mobile devices. PowerShake is: simple to perform on-the-go; supports ongoing/continuous tasks (transferring at ~3.1W); fits in a small form factor; and is compliant with electromagnetic safety guidelines while providing charging efficiency similar to other standards (48.2% vs. 51.2% in Qi). Based on our proposed technical implementation, we run a series of workshops to derive candidate designs for PowerShake enabled devices and interactions, and to bring to light the social implications of power as a tradable asset.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V: Test Review.

Changes from the fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) to the fifth edition are discussed, with particular emphasis on how the electronic administration facilitated assessment. The hierarchical organization and conceptualization of primary indices have been adjusted, based on recent theory and research on the construct of intelligence. Changes also include updates to psychometric properties and consideration of cultural bias. The scoring program allows intelligence scores to be linked statistically to achievement measures to aid in diagnoses of learning disabilities. Electronic assessment was clunky at times but overall delivered on its promise of quicker and more accurate administration and scoring.
Whippersnapper: A P4 Language Benchmark Suite

As P4 and its associated compilers move beyond relative immaturity, there is a need for common evaluation criteria. In this paper, we propose Whippersnapper, a set of benchmarks for P4. Rather than simply selecting a set of representative data-plane programs, the benchmark is designed from first principles, identifying and exploring key features and metrics. We believe the benchmark will not only provide a vehicle for comparing implementations and designs, but will also generate discussion within the larger community about the requirements for data-plane languages.
Building of an Information Retrieval System Based on Genetic Algorithms

In an information retrieval system (IRS) the query plays a very important role, so the user of an IRS must write his query well to have the expected result. In this paper, we have developed a new genetic algorithm-based query optimization method on relevance feedback for information retrieval. By using this technique, we have designed a fitness function respecting the order in which the relevant documents are retrieved, the terms of the relevant documents, and the terms of the irrelevant documents. Based on three benchmark test collections Cranfield, Medline and CACM, experiments have been carried out to compare our method with three well-known query optimization methods on relevance feedback. The experiments show that our method can achieve better results.