nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Lenz-Majewski hyperostotic dwarfism with hyperphosphoserinuria from a novel mutation in PTDSS1 encoding phosphatidylserine synthase 1.

Lenz-Majewski hyperostotic dwarfism (LMHD) is an ultra-rare Mendelian craniotubular dysostosis that causes skeletal dysmorphism and widely distributed osteosclerosis. Biochemical and histopathological characterization of the bone disease is incomplete and nonexistent, respectively. In 2014, a publication concerning five unrelated patients with LMHD disclosed that all carried one of three heterozygous missense mutations in PTDSS1 encoding phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PSS1). PSS1 promotes the biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine (PTDS), which is a functional constituent of lipid bilayers. In vitro, these PTDSS1 mutations were gain-of-function and increased PTDS production. Notably, PTDS binds calcium within matrix vesicles to engender hydroxyapatite crystal formation, and may enhance mesenchymal stem cell differentiation leading to osteogenesis. We report an infant girl with LMHD and a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.829T>C, p.Trp277Arg) within PTDSS1. Bone turnover markers suggested that her osteosclerosis resulted from accelerated formation with an unremarkable rate of resorption. Urinary amino acid quantitation revealed a greater than sixfold elevation of phosphoserine. Our findings affirm that PTDSS1 defects cause LMHD and support enhanced biosynthesis of PTDS in the pathogenesis of LMHD.
Determination of Protein Concentration Using Bradford Microplate Protein Quantification Assay

Bradford protein assay is popular due to its ease of performance and relative sensitivity. Many researchers and laboratories in Iran use standard assay of Bradford by cuvette. No commercial kit was available for Bradford microplate assay in Iran. Meanwhile, imported Bradford commercial kits are very expensive and have a long delivery time in Iran. Till now no study or document on Bradford microplate protein quantification assay was reported in Iran, so this study aimed to design and carried out this assay.  In the current study, antigen B of hydatid cyst fluid was used as sample and the assay was performed in microplate wells. The absorbance values were measured at 595 nm and standard curve was generated by Microsoft Office Excel software. The protein concentration of sample was calculated using the equation of the standard curve.  Average protein concentration of the sample was 1175 μg/ml. The total time needed for reading of absorbance was two minutes approximately.  Bradford microplate protein assay is a fast and suitable method. This method could be replacing the time consuming method with cuvette. In addition, if this assay produces as a low price kit it could have many benefits for students and laboratories that need to determine protein concentration by Bradford assay.
Energy Harvesting From Hybrid Indoor Ambient Light and Thermal Energy Sources for Enhanced Performance of Wireless Sensor Nodes

In this paper, a hybrid of indoor ambient light and thermal energy harvesting scheme that uses only one power management circuit to condition the combined output power harvested from both energy sources is proposed to extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor node. By avoiding the use of individual power management circuits for multiple energy sources, the number of components used in the hybrid energy harvesting (HEH) system is reduced and the system form factor, cost and power losses are thus reduced. An efficient microcontroller-based ultra low power management circuit with fixed voltage reference based maximum power point tracking is implemented with closed-loop voltage feedback control to ensure near maximum power transfer from the two energy sources to its connected electronic load over a wide range of operating conditions. From the experimental test results obtained, an average electrical power of 621 μW is harvested by the optimized HEH system at an average indoor solar irradiance of 1010 lux and a thermal gradient of 10 K, which is almost triple of that can be obtained with conventional single-source thermal energy harvesting method.
Camera Pose Estimation Using Optical Flow and ORB Descriptor in SLAM-Based Mobile AR Game

A mobile augmented reality (AR) game application was developed based on simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The SLAM-based AR game requires to estimate the pose from the camera input image in real time. Before running the game, point cloud data for a real-world game space is built. While the game is running, the camera pose is estimated by matching the prebuilt point cloud data and camera input image. To minimize errors in the matching, we present a hybrid method using an optical flow and ORB descriptor, where the optical flow accurately tracks the displacement of keypoints in consecutive images, and the ORB is a fast keypoint descriptor under a BSD license. The performance of the hybrid method is compared with a method using only the ORB descriptor matching. In addition, a mobile AR game embedding the hybrid method was tested in both indoor and outdoor environments.
Invasive vaginal carcinoma: analysis of early-stage disease.

From 1960 through 1987, 89 patients with stage I (44 patients) or II (45 patients) vaginal carcinoma (excluding melanomas) were treated primarily at the Mayo Clinic. Treatment consisted of surgery alone in 52 patients, surgery plus radiation in 14, and radiation alone in 23. The median duration of follow-up was 4.4 years. The 5-year survival (Kaplan-Meier method) was 82% for patients with stage I disease and 53% for those with stage II disease (p = 0.009). Analysis of survival according to treatment did not show statistically significant differences. This report is consistent with previous studies showing that stage is an important prognostic factor and that treatment can be individualized, including surgical treatment for primary early-stage vaginal cancer.
Why Do White Americans Support the Death Penalty ?

This article explores the roots of white support for capital punishment in the United States. Our analysis addresses individual-level and contextual factors, paying particular attention to how racial attitudes and racial composition influence white support for capital punishment. Our findings suggest that white support hinges on a range of attitudes wider than prior research has indicated, including social and governmental trust and individualist and authoritarian values. Extending individual-level analyses, we also find that white responses to capital punishment are sensitive to local context. Perhaps most important, our results clarify the impact of race in two ways. First, racial prejudice emerges here as a comparatively strong predictor of white support for the death penalty. Second, black residential proximity functions to polarize white opinion along lines of racial attitude. As the black percentage of county residents rises, so too does the impact of racial prejudice on white support for capital punishment.
Affinity purification of Car9-tagged proteins on silica matrices: Optimization of a rapid and inexpensive protein purification technology.

Car9, a dodecapeptide identified by cell surface display for its ability to bind to the edge of carbonaceous materials, also binds to silica with high affinity. The interaction can be disrupted with l-lysine or l-arginine, enabling a broad range of technological applications. Previously, we reported that C-terminal Car9 extensions support efficient protein purification on underivatized silica. Here, we show that the Car9 tag is functional and TEV protease-excisable when fused to the N-termini of target proteins, and that it supports affinity purification under denaturing conditions, albeit with reduced yields. We further demonstrate that capture of Car9-tagged proteins is enhanced on small particle size silica gels with large pores, that the concomitant problem of nonspecific protein adsorption can be solved by lysing cells in the presence of 0.3% Tween 20, and that efficient elution is achieved at reduced l-lysine concentrations under alkaline conditions. An optimized small-scale purification kit incorporating the above features allows Car9-tagged proteins to be inexpensively recovered in minutes with better than 90% purity. The Car9 affinity purification technology should prove valuable for laboratory-scale applications requiring rapid access to milligram-quantities of proteins, and for preparative scale purification schemes where cost and productivity are important factors.
Modeling of the Cell-Electrode Interface Noise for Microelectrode Arrays

Microelectrodes are widely used in the physiological recording of cell field potentials. As microelectrode signals are generally in the μV range, characteristics of the cell-electrode interface are important to the recording accuracy. Although the impedance of the microelectrode-solution interface has been well studied and modeled in the past, no effective model has been experimentally verified to estimate the noise of the cell-electrode interface. Also in existing interface models, spectral information is largely disregarded. In this work, we developed a model for estimating the noise of the cell-electrode interface from interface impedances. This model improves over existing noise models by including the cell membrane capacitor and frequency dependent impedances. With low-noise experiment setups, this model is verified by microelectrode array (MEA) experiments with mouse muscle myoblast cells. Experiments show that the noise estimated from this model has <;10% error, which is much less than estimations from existing models. With this model, noise of the cell-electrode interface can be estimated by simply measuring interface impedances. This model also provides insights for micro- electrode design to achieve good recording signal-to-noise ratio.
COD Fractions in Sewage Flowing into Polish Sewage Treatment Plants

The paper presents the results of studies concerning the designation of COD fraction in raw wastewater. The research was conducted in three mechanical-biological sewage treatment plants. The results were compared with data assumed in the ASM models. During the investigation, the following fractions of COD were determined: dissolved non-biodegradable SI, dissolved easily biodegradable SS, in organic suspension slowly degradable XS, and in organic suspension non-biodegradable XI. The methodology for determining the COD fraction was based on the ATVA 131guidelines. The real concentration of fractions in raw wastewater and the percentage of each fraction in total COD are different from data reported in the literature.
This Place is Swarming: Using a Mobile Social App to Study Human Traffic in Cities

Being a leading location-based social network (LBSN), Foursquare’s Swarm app allows users to conduct checkins at a specified location and share their real-time locations with friends. This app records a massive set of spatio-temporal information of users around the world. In this paper, we track the evolution of user density of the Swarm app in New York City (NYC) for one entire week. We study the temporal patterns of different venue categories, and investigate how the function of venue categories affects the temporal behavior of visitors. Moreover, by applying time-series analysis, we validate that the temporal patterns can be effectively decomposed into regular parts which represent the regular human behavior and stochastic parts which represent the randomness of human behavior. Finally, we build a model to predict the evolution of the user density, and our results demonstrate an accurate prediction.
Crowdsourcing geographic information for disaster response: a research frontier

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Geographic data and tools are essential in all aspects of emergency management: preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. Geographic information created by amateur citizens, often known as volunteered geographic information, has recently provided an interesting alternative to traditional authoritative information from mapping agencies and corporations, and several recent papers have provided the beginnings of a literature on the more fundamental issues raised by this new source. Data quality is a major concern, since volunteered information is asserted and carries none of the assurances that lead to trust in officially created data. During emergencies time is the essence, and the risks associated with volunteered information are often outweighed by the benefits of its use. An example is discussed using the four wildfires that impacted the Santa Barbara area in 2007Á2009, and lessons are drawn. 1.  Recent disasters have drawn attention to the vulnerability of human populations and infrastructure, and the extremely high cost of recovering from the damage they have caused. In all of these cases impacts were severe, in damage, injury, and loss of life, and were spread over large areas. In all of these cases modern technology has brought reports and images to the almost immediate attention of much of the world's population, and in the Katrina case it was possible for millions around the world to watch the events as they unfolded in near-real time. Images captured from satellites have been used to create damage assessments, and digital maps have been used to direct supplies and to guide the recovery effort, in an increasingly important application of Digital Earth. Nevertheless it has been clear in all of these cases that the potential of such data, and of geospatial data and tools more generally, …
Homomorphic Lower Digits Removal and Improved FHE Bootstrapping

Bootstrapping is a crucial operation in Gentry’s breakthrough work on fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), where a homomorphic encryption scheme evaluates its own decryption algorithm. There has been a couple of implementations of bootstrapping, among which HElib arguably marks the state-of-the-art in terms of throughput, ciphertext/message size ratio and support for large plaintext moduli. In this work, we applied a family of “lowest digit removal” polynomials to design an improved homomorphic digit extraction algorithm which is a crucial part in bootstrapping for both FV and BGV schemes. When the secret key has 1-norm h = ||s||1 and the plaintext modulus is t = p, we achieved bootstrapping depth log h + log(logp(ht)) in FV scheme. In case of the BGV scheme, we brought down the depth from log h+ 2 log t to log h + log t. We implemented bootstrapping for FV in the SEAL library. We also introduced another “slim mode”, which restrict the plaintexts to batched vectors in Zpr . The slim mode has similar throughput as the full mode, while each individual run is much faster and uses much smaller memory. For example, bootstrapping takes 6.75 seconds for vectors over GF (127) with 64 slots and 1381 seconds for vectors over GF (257) with 128 slots. We also implemented our improved digit extraction procedure for the BGV scheme in HElib.
A Semantic Labeling Approach for Accurate Weed Mapping of High Resolution UAV Imagery

Weed control is necessary in rice cultivation, but the excessive use of herbicide treatments has led to serious agronomic and environmental problems. Suitable site-specific weed management (SSWM) is a solution to address this problem while maintaining the rice production quality and quantity. In the context of SSWM, an accurate weed distribution map is needed to provide decision support information for herbicide treatment. UAV remote sensing offers an efficient and effective platform to monitor weeds thanks to its high spatial resolution. In this work, UAV imagery was captured in a rice field located in South China. A semantic labeling approach was adopted to generate the weed distribution maps of the UAV imagery. An ImageNet pre-trained CNN with residual framework was adapted in a fully convolutional form, and transferred to our dataset by fine-tuning. Atrous convolution was applied to extend the field of view of convolutional filters; the performance of multi-scale processing was evaluated; and a fully connected conditional random field (CRF) was applied after the CNN to further refine the spatial details. Finally, our approach was compared with the pixel-based-SVM and the classical FCN-8s. Experimental results demonstrated that our approach achieved the best performance in terms of accuracy. Especially for the detection of small weed patches in the imagery, our approach significantly outperformed other methods. The mean intersection over union (mean IU), overall accuracy, and Kappa coefficient of our method were 0.7751, 0.9445, and 0.9128, respectively. The experiments showed that our approach has high potential in accurate weed mapping of UAV imagery.
Chapter 2 Motion Analysis : Past , Present and Future

The subject of motion has been the center of interdisciplinary studies since the time when Zeno posed his paradox circa 500BC. However, computer vision, the use of a camera and a computer to recognize objects, people and/or events automatically, is a relatively young field of research. Its development began in the early 1960s; however, it has matured fairly quickly. Today, it is contributing to the solutions of some of the most serious societal problems. Motion analysis of a sequence of images is an important part of computer vision. This chapter briefly presents the contributions to motion analysis from other fields followed by the computer vision-based analysis of motion from a sequence of images. Analysis and understanding of images based on both feature tracking and optical flow estimation are presented. Early works focused on the computation of structure from motion of objects from a sequence of images via point features. This was followed by the computation of optical flow to characterize motion. Applications today focus on the monitoring of traffic, providing guidance to a motorist in terms of his/her position relative to traffic lanes and traffic ahead, and inspection of complicated three-dimensional industrial parts, to mention a few. Research focus has shifted from inanimate objects to people, for example monitoring people and their activities in public places or monitoring activities from an unmanned aerial vehicle. These applications are dominating the research scene through the belief that computer vision/motion analysis can contribute to the solution of societal surveillance and biometric problems. The chapter ends with a discussion of the future directions of research in motion analysis and possible applications.
Towards a secure network architecture for smart grids in 5G era

Smart grid introduces a wealth of promising applications for upcoming fifth-generation mobile networks (5G), enabling households and utility companies to establish a two-way digital communications dialogue, which can benefit both of them. The utility can monitor real-time consumption of end users and take proper measures (e.g., real-time pricing) to shape their consumption profile or to plan enough supply to meet the foreseen demand. On the other hand, a smart home can receive real-time electricity prices and adjust its consumption to minimize its daily electricity expenditure, while meeting the energy need and the satisfaction level of the dwellers. Smart Home applications for smart phones are also a promising use case, where users can remotely control their appliances, while they are away at work or on their ways home. Although these emerging services can evidently boost the efficiency of the market and the satisfaction of the consumers, they may also introduce new attack surfaces making the grid vulnerable to financial losses or even physical damages. In this paper, we propose an architecture to secure smart grid communications incorporating an intrusion detection system, composed of distributed components collaborating with each other to detect price integrity or load alteration attacks in different segments of an advanced metering infrastructure.
Pediatric Pain Syndromes and Noninflammatory Musculoskeletal Pain.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is one of the main reasons for referral to a pediatric rheumatologist and is the third most common cause of chronic pain in children and adolescents. Causes of CMP include amplified musculoskeletal pain, benign limb pain of childhood, hypermobility, overuse syndromes, and back pain. CMP can negatively affect physical, social, academic, and psychological function so it is essential that clinicians know how to diagnose and treat these conditions. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology and impact of CMP, the steps in a comprehensive pain assessment, and the management of the most common CMPs.
Adaptive noise cancellation with a multirate normalized least mean squares filter

Multirate adaptive filtering is related to the problem of reconstructing a high-resolution signal from two or more observations that are sampled at different rates. A popular existing method for solving this problem uses the multirate adaptive filter structure that is based on the least mean squares (LMS) approach. However, its low convergence rate restricts the use of this method. In this study, a multirate normalized LMS (NLMS) filter is proposed as an alternative to that of LMS based filter, for the reconstruction of the high-resolution signal from several low-resolution noisy observations. In the simulation example performed on an audio signal, it is observed that the proposed method leads to the better results than the existing method especially in the convergence rate.
Multiband Planar Vivaldi Antenna for Mobile Communication and Industrial Applications

The proposed antenna topology is an interesting radiating element, characterized by broadband or multiband capabilities. The exponential and soft/tapered design of the edge transitions and feeding makes it a challenging item to design and tune, leading though to impressive results. The antenna is build on Rogers RO3010 material. The bands in which the antenna works are GPS and Galileo (1.57 GHz), UMTS (1.8–2.17 GHz) and ISM 2.4 GHz (Bluetooth WiFi). The purpose of such an antenna is to be embedded in an Assisted GPS (A-GPS) reference station. Such a device serves as a fix GPS reference distributing the positioning information to mobile device users and delivering at the same time services via GSM network standards or via Wi-Fi / Bluetooth connections.