nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
3M syndrome: an easily recognizable yet underdiagnosed cause of proportionate short stature.

To characterize, via clinical and molecul criteria, a cohort of patients with 3M syndrome and thereby increase awareness of this syndrome as a recognizable cause of proportionate short stature.



We conducted a case series of patients referred to clinical genetics for proportionate short stature. CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8 genes were clinically phenotyped and sequenced.



In 6 Saudi families with 3M syndrome, we identified three CUL7, one OBSL1, and one CCDC8 novel mutations, which we show result in a remarkably similar clinical phenotype. Despite their typical and easily discernible clinical phenotype, all these patients have been extensively investigated for alternative causes of their short stature and received erroneous diagnoses.



Increased awareness about this syndrome among pediatricians and endocrinologists is needed to avoid a costly and unnecessary diagnostic odyssey.
Translational research on Trichoderma: from 'omics to the field.

Structural and functional genomics investigations are making an important impact on the current understanding and application of microbial agents used for plant disease control. Here, we review the case of Trichoderma spp., the most widely applied biocontrol fungi, which have been extensively studied using a variety of research approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc. Known for almost a century for their beneficial effects on plants and the soil, these fungi are the subject of investigations that represent a successful case of translational research, in which 'omics-generated novel understanding is directly translated in to new or improved crop treatments and management methods. We present an overview of the latest discoveries on the Trichoderma expressome and metabolome, of the complex and diverse biotic interactions established in nature by these microbes, and of their proven or potential importance to agriculture and industry.
A Low-Cost Gate Driver Design Using Bootstrap Capacitors for Multilevel MOSFET Inverters

Multilevel inverters require a large number of power semiconductors. The gate driver for each power semiconductor requires its own floating or isolated DC voltage source. Traditional methods on meeting the requirement are expensive and bulky. This paper presents a gate driver design for floating voltage source type multilevel inverters. Bootstrap capacitors are used to form the floating voltage sources in the design, which allows a single DC power supply to be used by all the gate drivers. Specially configured diode plus the proper charging cycles maintain adequate capacitor voltage levels. Such a simple and low cost solution allows user to utilize the easy accessible single-channel gate drivers for multilevel inverter applications without the extra cost on the bulky isolated DC power supplies for each gate driver. A prototype 3-cell 8-level floating voltage source inverter using the method illustrates the technique
A CMOS Passive LPTV Nonmagnetic Circulator and Its Application in a Full-Duplex Receiver

Recently, we demonstrated the first CMOS nonmagnetic nonreciprocal passive circulator based on N-path filters that uses time variance to break reciprocity. Here, the analysis of performance metrics, such as loss, isolation, linearity, and tuning range, is presented in terms of the design parameters. The analysis is verified by the measured performance of a 65-nm CMOS circulator prototype that exhibits 1.7 dB of loss in the transmitter-antenna (TX-ANT) and antenna-receiver (ANT-RX) paths, and has high isolation [TX–RX, up to 50 dB through tuning and 20-dB bandwidth (BW) of 32 MHz] and a tuning range of 610–850 MHz. Through an architectural feature specifically designed to enhance TX linearity, the circulator achieves an in-band TX-ANT input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3) of +27.5 dBm, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the ANT-RX IIP3 of +8.7 dBm. The circulator is also integrated with a self-interference-canceling full-duplex (FD) RX featuring an analog baseband (BB) SI canceller. The FD RX achieves 42-dB on-chip SI suppression across the circulator and analog BB domains over a 12-MHz signal BW. In conjunction with digital SI and its input-referred third-order intermodulation (IM3) cancellation, the FD RX demonstrates 85-dB overall SI suppression, enabling an FD link budget of −7-dBm TX average output power and −92-dBm noise floor.
Recognizing Stances in Ideological On-Line Debates

This work explores the utility of sentiment and arguing opinions for classifying stances in ideological debates. In order to capture arguing opinions in ideological stance taking, we construct an arguing lexicon automatically from a manually annotated corpus. We build supervised systems employing sentiment and arguing opinions and their targets as features. Our systems perform substantially better than a distribution-based baseline. Additionally, by employing both types of opinion features, we are able to perform better than a unigrambased system.
Autonomous collision avoidance for unmanned surface ships using onboard monocular vision

This study presents the development of vision-based techniques for autonomous collision avoidance by an unmanned surface ship using an onboard monocular camera. In order to determine the initiation of an evasive maneuver, the range and bearing measurements of each target traffic ship with respect to the observer (e.g., own ship) need to be provided for trajectory estimation. A tracking estimator is used to estimate the target ship trajectory in the framework of bearings-only tracking based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm with a Continuous White Noise Acceleration (CWNA) model. To enhance the observability of the tracking filter, the vertical pixel distance from the water horizon to each target ship is used as a range measurement. When the estimated separation distance between the target and own ships is less than a predefined minimum separation, the own ship alters its heading angle to avoid an imminent collision following the standard marine traffic rules. Field experiment results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed approach.
Multiphysics Modeling of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine by Using Lumped Models

This paper describes the modeling of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) by using lumped models (LMs). Designing electrical machines necessarily involves several fields of physics, such as electromagnetics, thermics, mechanics, and acoustics. Magnetic, electrical, electronic, and thermal parts are represented by LMs, whereas vibro-acoustic and mechanical parts are represented by analytical models. The aim of this study is to build a design model of a PMSM for traction applications. Each model is parameterized to optimize the machine. The method of taking into account saturation and movement is described. These fast, LMs make it possible to couple the software used with optimization tools. Simulation results are presented and compared with the finite-element method and the experiments performed.
Understanding heart rate sharing: towards unpacking physiosocial space

Advances in biosensing make it possible to include heart rate monitoring in applications and several studies have suggested that heart rate communication has potential for improving social connectedness. However, it is not known how people understand heart rate feedback, or what issues need to be taken into account when designing technologies including heart rate feedback. To explore this, we created a heart rate communication probe that was used in two qualitative in-lab studies and a two-week field trial in participants' homes. Results show that heart rate feedback is a strong connectedness cue that affects the interaction in various ways, depending on a number of interrelated factors. In particular, we found two distinct categories of effects: heart rate as information and heart rate as connection. We propose two mechanisms that could explain these observations and draw out the implications they have for future use of heartbeat communication to support social connectedness or other aspects of social interaction.
Bluetooth based home automation system

The past decade has seen significant advancement in the field of consumer electronics. Various ‘intelligent’ appliances such as cellular phones, air-conditioners, home security devices, home theatres, etc. are set to realize the concept of a smart home. They have given rise to a Personal Area Network in home environment, where all these appliances can be interconnected and monitored using a single controller. Busy families and individuals with physical limitation represent an attractive market for home automation and networking. A wireless home network that does not incur additional costs of wiring would be desirable. Bluetooth technology, which has emerged in late 1990s, is an ideal solution for this purpose. This paper describes an application of Bluetooth technology in home automation and networking environment. It proposes a network, which contains a remote, mobile host controller and several client modules (home appliances). The client modules communicate with the host controller through Bluetooth devices. q 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Process Discovery Using Integer Linear Programming

The research domain of process discovery aims at constructing a process model (e.g. a Petri net) which is an abstract representation of an execution log. Such a Petri net should (1) be able to reproduce the log under consideration and (2) be independent of the number of cases in the log. In this paper, we present a process discovery algorithm where we use concepts taken from the language-based theory of regions, a wellknown Petri net research area. We identify a number of shortcomings of this theory from the process discovery perspective, and we provide solutions based on integer linear programming.
Simulating decorative mosaics

This paper presents a method for simulating decorative tile mosaics. Such mosaics are challenging because the square tiles that comprise them must be packed tightly and yet must follow orientations chosen by the artist. Based on an existing image and user-selected edge features, the method can both reproduce the image's colours and emphasize the selected edges by placing tiles that follow the edges. The method uses centroidal voronoi diagrams which normally arrange points in regular hexagonal grids. By measuring distances with an manhattan metric whose main axis is adjusted locally to follow the chosen direction field, the centroidal diagram can be adapted to place tiles in curving square grids instead. Computing the centroidal voronoi diagram is made possible by leveraging the z-buffer algorithm available in many graphics cards.
Modeling and Simulation of Off-Grid Power Generation System Using Photovoltaic

Off-Grid is a part of the power distribution system which uses renewable energy based of power generation connected to the grid system. Power generation of multi energy is composed of renewable energy systems including photovoltaic, wind turbine, energy storage and local loads. Test bed of an OffGrid system is the technique to ensure stable operation during faults and various network disturbances in grid and islanding connected mode. In this paper the Off-Grid using renewable energy consist of a 3 kW photovoltaic, with 30 pieces of 12V, DC/DC converter, charge controller for battery, single phase DC/AC inverter and various loads (resistor, capacitor, inductor) are develop. The AC buses 240V voltage include with isolation transformer to simulate the grid voltage level by Matlab/Simulink software.
Reduced graphene oxide–silver nanoparticle nanocomposite: a potential anticancer nanotherapy

Graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites are used in various research areas including sensing, energy storage, and catalysis. The mechanical, thermal, electrical, and biological properties render graphene-based nanocomposites of metallic nanoparticles useful for several biomedical applications. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the fifth most deadly cancer in women; most tumors initially respond to chemotherapy, but eventually acquire chemoresistance. Consequently, the development of novel molecules for cancer therapy is essential. This study was designed to develop a simple, non-toxic, environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-silver (rGO-Ag) nanoparticle nanocomposites using Tilia amurensis plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. The anticancer properties of rGO-Ag were evaluated in ovarian cancer cells.



The synthesized rGO-Ag nanocomposite was characterized using various analytical techniques. The anticancer properties of the rGO-Ag nanocomposite were evaluated using a series of assays such as cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, reactive oxygen species generation, cellular levels of malonaldehyde and glutathione, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation in ovarian cancer cells (A2780).



AgNPs with an average size of 20 nm were uniformly dispersed on graphene sheets. The data obtained from the biochemical assays indicate that the rGO-Ag nanocomposite significantly inhibited cell viability in A2780 ovarian cancer cells and increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage, reactive oxygen species generation, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation compared with other tested nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, rGO, and AgNPs.



T. amurensis plant extract-mediated rGO-Ag nanocomposites could facilitate the large-scale production of graphene-based nanocomposites; rGO-Ag showed a significant inhibiting effect on cell viability compared to graphene oxide, rGO, and silver nanoparticles. The nanocomposites could be effective non-toxic therapeutic agents for the treatment of both cancer and cancer stem cells.
Decision quality and satisfaction: the effects of online information sources and self-efficacy

Digital libraries and social media are two sources of online information with different characteristics. This study integrates self-efficacy into the analysis of the relationship between information sources and decision-making, with the aim of exploring the effect of self-efficacy on decision-making, as well as the interacting effect of self-efficacy and information sources on decision-making. Survey data were collected and the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to verify the research model.  The effect of digital library usage for acquiring information on perceived decision quality is larger than that of social media usage for acquiring information on perceived decision quality. Self-efficacy in acquiring information stands out as the key determinant for perceived decision quality. The effect of social media usage for acquiring information on perceived decision quality is positively moderated by self-efficacy in acquiring information.  Decision-making is a fundamental activity for individuals, but human decision-making is often subject to biases. The findings of this study provide useful insights into decision quality improvement, highlighting the importance of self-efficacy in acquiring information in the face of information overload.  This study integrates self-efficacy into the analysis of the relationship between information sources and decision-making, presenting a new perspective for decision-making research and practice alike.
Lensless computational imaging through deep learning

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 2Institute for Medical Engineering Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 3Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, One Create Way, Singapore 117543, Singapore *Corresponding author: sinhayan@mit.edu †These authors contributed equally
The BURCHAK corpus: a Challenge Data Set for Interactive Learning of Visually Grounded Word Meanings

We motivate and describe a new freely available human-human dialogue data set for interactive learning of visually grounded word meanings through ostensive definition by a tutor to a learner. The data has been collected using a novel, character-by-character variant of the DiET chat tool (Healey et al., 2003; Mills and Healey, submitted) with a novel task, where a Learner needs to learn invented visual attribute words (such as “burchak” for square) from a tutor. As such, the text-based interactions closely resemble face-to-face conversation and thus contain many of the linguistic phenomena encountered in natural, spontaneous dialogue. These include selfand other-correction, mid-sentence continuations, interruptions, overlaps, fillers, and hedges. We also present a generic n-gram framework for building user (i.e. tutor) simulations from this type of incremental data, which is freely available to researchers. We show that the simulations produce outputs that are similar to the original data (e.g. 78% turn match similarity). Finally, we train and evaluate a Reinforcement Learning dialogue control agent for learning visually grounded word meanings, trained from the BURCHAK corpus. The learned policy shows comparable performance to a rulebased system built previously.
IEC 61850 substation configuration language as a basis for automated security and SDN configuration

IEC61850 has revolutionized the way substations are configured and maintained. Substation Configuration Language (SCL) defines the parameters needed to configure individual devices and combine them into a working system. Security is implemented by IEC62351 and there are potential vulnerabilities. Best practice recommendations are for defense in depth. SCL contains sufficient information to auto-configure network equipment, firewalls, IDS and SDN based networks.
Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage

The unprecedented popularity of the social networking site Facebook raises a number of important questions regarding the impact it has on sociality. However, as Facebook is a very recent social phenomenon, there is a distinct lack of psychological theory relating to its use. While research has begun to identify the types of people who use Facebook, this line of investigation has been limited to student populations. The current study aimed to investigate how personality influences usage or non-usage of Facebook. The sample consisted of 1324 self-selected Australian Internet users (1158 Facebook users and 166 Facebook nonusers), between the ages of 18 and 44. Participants were required to complete an online questionnaire package comprising the Big Five Inventory (BFI), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory – 29-item version (NPI-29), the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBS), and the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults – Short version (SELSA-S). Facebook users also completed a Facebook usage questionnaire. The results showed that Facebook users tend to be more extraverted and narcissistic, but less conscientious and socially lonely, than nonusers. Furthermore, frequency of Facebook use and preferences for specific features were also shown to vary as a result of certain characteristics, such as neuroticism, loneliness, shyness and narcissism. It is hoped that research in this area continues, and leads to the development of theory regarding the implications and gratifications of Facebook use.
Attitudes towards following meat, vegetarian and vegan diets: an examination of the role of ambivalence

Vegetarianism within the U.K. is growing in popularity, with the current estimate of 7% of the population eating a vegetarian diet. This study examined differences between the attitudes and beliefs of four dietary groups (meat eaters, meat avoiders, vegetarians and vegans) and the extent to which attitudes influenced intentions to follow each diet. In addition, the role of attitudinal ambivalence as a moderator variable was examined. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 111 respondents (25 meat eaters, 26 meat avoiders, 34 vegetarians, 26 vegans). In general, predictions were supported, in that respondents displayed most positive attitudes and beliefs towards their own diets, and most negative attitudes and beliefs towards the diet most different form their own. Regression analyses showed that, as predicted by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control were significant predictors of intention to follow each diet (apart from the vegetarian diet, where subjective norm was non-significant). In each case, attitudinal ambivalence was found to moderate the attitude-intention relationship, such that attitudes were found to be stronger predictors at lower levels of ambivalence. The results not only highlight the extent to which such alternative diets are an interesting focus for psychological research, but also lend further support to the argument that ambivalence in an important influence on attitude strength.
Challenges and implications of using ultrasonic communications in intra-body area networks

Body area networks (BANs) promise to enable revolutionary biomedical applications by wirelessly interconnecting devices implanted or worn by humans. However, BAN wireless communications based on radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves suffer from poor propagation of signals in body tissues, which leads to high levels of attenuation. In addition, in-body transmissions are constrained to be low-power to prevent overheating of tissues and consequent death of cells. To address the limitations of RF propagation in the human body, we propose a paradigm shift by exploring the use of ultrasonic waves as the physical medium to wirelessly interconnect in-body implanted devices. Acoustic waves are the transmission technology of choice for underwater communications, since they are known to propagate better than their RF counterpart in media composed mainly of water. Similarly, we envision that ultrasound (e.g., acoustic waves at non-audible frequencies) will provide support for communications in the human body, which is composed for 65% of water. In this paper, we first assess the feasibility of using ultrasonic communications in intra-body BANs, i.e., in-body networks where the devices are biomedical sensors that communicate with an actuator/gateway device located inside the body. We discuss the fundamentals of ultrasonic propagation in tissues, and explore important tradeoffs, including the choice of a transmission frequency, transmission power, bandwidth, and transducer size. Then, we discuss future research challenges for ultrasonic networking of intra-body devices at the physical, medium access and network layers of the protocol stack.
Gaining Efficiency and Flexibility in the Simple Temporal Problem

The paper deals with the problem of managing quantitative temporal networks without disjunctive constraints. The problem is known as Simple Temporal Problem. Dynamic management algorithms are considered to be coupled with incremental constraint posting approaches for planning and scheduling. A basic algorithm for incremental propagation of a new time constraint is presented that is a modification of the Bellman-Ford algorithm for Single Source Shortest Path Problem. For this algorithm a sufficient condition for inconsistency is given based on cycle detection in the shortest paths graph. Moreover, the problem of constraint retraction from a consistent situation is considered and properties for repropagating the network locally are exploited. Some experiments are also presented that show the usefulness of the properties.