nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Breakdown Voltage of LDMOS Using a Novel Cost Effective Design

A reduced surface field (RESURF) laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) device with the concept of charge compensation using p-implant layer (PIL) without additional process step is proposed in standard 0.18-μm technology. By simply using the p-type drift drain (PDD) implantation of p-type LDMOS into n-type LDMOS, breakdown voltage (VBD) is substantially improved. For a thorough study of device phenomena, hydrodynamic transport simulations are first performed to analyze the electric field distributions at high voltage bias in order to explain increases in breakdown voltage and predict its optimal design parameter. Then fabrication of the devices is performed and shows that the breakdown voltages increase significantly. The measurement results show a 12% improvement in VBD and a 5% improvement in figure of merit (FOM). Throughout the fabrication process, the enlarged breakdown voltage obtained by the PIL without additional process and device area show the potential of cost effective. Because such devices have good off-state breakdown voltage and specific on-resistance, they are very competitive with similar technologies and promising system-on-chip (SOC) applications.
Collaborative vehicle routing: a survey

In horizontal collaborations, carriers form coalitions in order to perform parts of their logistics operations jointly. By exchanging transportation requests among each other, they can operate more efficiently and in a more sustainable way. Collaborative vehicle routing has been extensively discussed in the literature. We identify three major streams of research: (i) centralized collaborative planning, (ii) decentralized planning without auctions, and (ii) auction-based decentralized planning. For each of them we give a structured overview on the state of knowledge and discuss future research directions.
The preparatory set: a novel approach to understanding stress, trauma, and the bodymind therapies

Basic to all motile life is a differential approach/avoid response to perceived features of environment. The stages of response are initial reflexive noticing and orienting to the stimulus, preparation, and execution of response. Preparation involves a coordination of many aspects of the organism: muscle tone, posture, breathing, autonomic functions, motivational/emotional state, attentional orientation, and expectations. The organism organizes itself in relation to the challenge. We propose to call this the "preparatory set" (PS). We suggest that the concept of the PS can offer a more nuanced and flexible perspective on the stress response than do current theories. We also hypothesize that the mechanisms of body-mind therapeutic and educational systems (BTES) can be understood through the PS framework. We suggest that the BTES, including meditative movement, meditation, somatic education, and the body-oriented psychotherapies, are approaches that use interventions on the PS to remedy stress and trauma. We discuss how the PS can be adaptive or maladaptive, how BTES interventions may restore adaptive PS, and how these concepts offer a broader and more flexible view of the phenomena of stress and trauma. We offer supportive evidence for our hypotheses, and suggest directions for future research. We believe that the PS framework will point to ways of improving the management of stress and trauma, and that it will suggest directions of research into the mechanisms of action of BTES.
The genetic toolbox for Acidovorax temperans.

Environmental isolates belonging to the genus Acidovorax play a crucial role in degrading a wide range of pollutants. Studies on Acidovorax are currently limited for many species due to the lack of genetic tools. Here, we described the use of the replicon from a small, cryptic plasmid indigenous to Acidovorx temperans strain CB2, to generate stably maintained shuttle vectors. In addition, we have developed a scarless gene knockout technique, as well as establishing green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter and complementation systems. Taken collectively, these tools will improve genetic manipulations in the genus Acidovorax.
A Broadband Planar Magic-T Using Microstrip–Slotline Transitions

The improved version of a broadband planar magic-T using microstrip-slotline transitions is presented. The design implements a small microstrip-slotline tee junction with minimum size slotline terminations to reduce radiation loss. A multisection impedance transformation network is used to increase the operating bandwidth and minimize the parasitic coupling around the microstrip-slotline tee junction. As a result, the improved magic-T has greater bandwidth and lower phase imbalance at the sum and difference ports than the earlier magic-T design. The experimental results show that the 10-GHz magic-T provides more than 70% of 1-dB operating bandwidth with the average in-band insertion loss of less than 0.6 dB. It also has phase and amplitude imbalance of less than plusmn1deg and plusmn0.25 dB, respectively.
A Practical Algorithm for Solving the Incoherence Problem of Topic Models In Industrial Applications

Topic models are often applied in industrial settings to discover user profiles from activity logs where documents correspond to users and words to complex objects such as web sites and installed apps. Standard topic models ignore the content-based similarity structure between these objects largely because of the inability of the Dirichlet prior to capture such side information of word-word correlation. Several approaches were proposed to replace the Dirichlet prior with more expressive alternatives. However, this added expressivity comes with a heavy premium: inference becomes intractable and sparsity is lost which renders these alternatives not suitable for industrial scale applications. In this paper we take a radically different approach to incorporating word-word correlation in topic models by applying this side information at the posterior level rather than at the prior level. We show that this choice preserves sparsity and results in a graph-based sampler for LDA whose computational complexity is asymptotically on bar with the state of the art Alias base sampler for LDA \cite{aliasLDA}. We illustrate the efficacy of our approach over real industrial datasets that span up to billion of users, tens of millions of words and thousands of topics. To the best of our knowledge, our approach provides the first practical and scalable solution to this important problem.
Factors Affecting the Academic Achievement : A Study of Elementary School Students of NCR Delhi , India

The foremost aim of the study was to investigate and analyze the relationship of General Mental Ability, Interest and home environmentwith Academic Achievement.The participants were 110 students drawn from three KendryaVidyalayas of Delhi. Their ages ranged between 13 and 14 with a mean age of 13.6 years. Two validated instruments were used to elicit responses from the participants-General mental ability test prepared by R. K Tandon (1972),Multiphasic Interest Inventory of S. K. Bawa (1998) and Home EnvironmentInventory of K S Mishra (1989) were administered on the selected sample. Whereas their annual examination grades of class VIIwere considered as academic achievement. Four major hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.01 level of significance. Pearson-Moment Correlation Co-efficient and t-test were used to analyze the data. The study reveals that General Mental Ability, home environmentInterest and academic achievement are significantly and positively correlated. Whereas the high score of girls indicates that they are superior to boys.
A Descriptive Literature Review and Classification Framework for Gamification in Information Systems

Gamification evolved to one of the most important trends in technology and therefore gains more and more practical and scientific notice. Yet academia lacks a comprehensive overview of research, even though a review of prior, relevant literature is essential for advancing knowledge in a field. Therefore a novel classification framework for Gamification in Information Systems with the intention to provide a structured, summarized as well as organized overview was constructed to close this gap of research. A literature review on Gamification in quality outlets combined with a Grounded Theory approach served as a starting point. As a result this paper provides a foundation for current and future research to advance the knowledge on Gamification. Moreover it offers a structure for Gamification research which was not available previously. Findings from the literature review were mapped to the classification framework and analyzed. Derived from the classification framework and its outcome future research outlets were identified.
Outdoor Navigation of a Mobile Robot Using Differential GPS and Curb Detection

This paper demonstrates a reliable navigation of a mobile robot in outdoor environment. We fuse differential GPS and odometry data using the framework of extended Kalman filter to localize a mobile robot. And also, we propose an algorithm to detect curbs through the laser range finder. An important feature of road environment is the existence of curbs. The mobile robot builds the map of the curbs of roads and the map is used for tracking and localization. The navigation system for the mobile robot consists of a mobile robot and a control station. The mobile robot sends the image data from a camera to the control station. The control station receives and displays the image data and the teleoperator commands the mobile robot based on the image data. Since the image data does not contain enough data for reliable navigation, a hybrid strategy for reliable mobile robot in outdoor environment is suggested. When the mobile robot is faced with unexpected obstacles or the situation that, if it follows the command, it can happen to collide, it sends a warning message to the teleoperator and changes the mode from teleoperated to autonomous to avoid the obstacles by itself. After avoiding the obstacles or the collision situation, the mode of the mobile robot is returned to teleoperated mode. We have been able to confirm that the appropriate change of navigation mode can help the teleoperator perform reliable navigation in outdoor environment through experiments in the road.
Simulation of Railway Operation on the line from Zagreb to Karlovac by OPENTRACK

The application of simulation software in the planning process is state-of-the-art at many railway infrastructure managers. On the one hand software tools are used to point out the demand for new infrastructure and on the other hand they are used to optimize traffic flow in railway networks by support of the time table related processes. This paper deals with the first application of the software tool called OPENTRACK for simulation of railway operation on an existing line in Croatia from Zagreb to Karlovac. Aim of the work was to find out if the actual version of OPENTRACK able to consider the Croatian signalling system. Therefore the capability arises to use it also for other investigations in railway operation.
Comparative study for various DNA based steganography techniques with the essential conclusions about the future research

Information security and confidentiality has become of prime concern and importance as a result of the notifiable and explosive growth of the internet. Also, with the growth of information technology and communication techniques, unauthorized access for sensitive data increases daily. There are a lot of widely used techniques in the communication and computer security fields like; cryptography and steganography to protect sensitive data from attackers. New fields of DNA based cryptography and steganography are emerging to provide data security using DNA as a carrier by exploiting its bio-molecular computational abilities. In this paper, the authors compare various DNA based steganography by using important security parameters with explaining the main DNA based steganography strategies that each one is considered as a building block for most of the other steganographic schemes, which are: The substitution, insertion and complementary pair based algorithms. Finally, on this base some suggestions are given to help future researchers to design or improve the DNA storage techniques for secure data storage through more efficient, reliable, high capacity and biologically preserved DNA steganography techniques.
Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: the missing links. The Claude Bernard Lecture 2009

Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with a metabolic and cardiovascular cluster of disorders (dyslipidaemia, hypertension, obesity [especially visceral], glucose intolerance, endothelial dysfunction), each of which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Multiple prospective studies have documented an association between insulin resistance and accelerated CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as in non-diabetic individuals. The molecular causes of insulin resistance, i.e. impaired insulin signalling through the phosphoinositol-3 kinase pathway with intact signalling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, are responsible for the impairment in insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and contribute to the accelerated rate of CVD in type 2 diabetes patients. The current epidemic of diabetes is being driven by the obesity epidemic, which represents a state of tissue fat overload. Accumulation of toxic lipid metabolites (fatty acyl CoA, diacylglycerol, ceramide) in muscle, liver, adipocytes, beta cells and arterial tissues contributes to insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis, respectively, in type 2 diabetes. Treatment with thiazolidinediones mobilises fat out of tissues, leading to enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved beta cell function and decreased atherogenesis. Insulin resistance and lipotoxicity represent the missing links (beyond the classical cardiovascular risk factors) that help explain the accelerated rate of CVD in type 2 diabetic patients.
Systems and Control Opportunities in the Integration of Renewable Energy into the Smart Grid ?

The Smart Grid is among the most important and ambitious endeavors of our time. Deep integration of renewable energy sources is one component of the Smart Grid vision. A fundamental difficulty here is that renewable energy sources are highly variable – they are not dispatchable, are intermittent, and uncertain. The electricity grid must absorb this variability through a portfolio of solutions. These include aggregation of variable generation, curtailment, operating reserves, storage technologies, local generation, and distributed demand response. The various elements in this portfolio must be dynamically coordinated based on available information within the framework of electricity grid operations. This, in turn, will require critical technologies and methods drawn from optimization, modeling, and control, which are the core competencies of Systems and Control. This paper catalogues some of these systems and control research opportunities that arise in the deep integration of renewable energy sources.
Intrinsically Sparse Long Short-Term Memory Networks

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has achieved state-of-the-art performances on a wide range of tasks. Its outstanding performance is guaranteed by the long-term memory ability which matches the sequential data perfectly and the gating structure controlling the information flow. However, LSTMs are prone to be memory-bandwidth limited in realistic applications and need an unbearable period of training and inference time as the model size is ever-increasing. To tackle this problem, various efficient model compression methods have been proposed. Most of them need a big and expensive pre-trained model which is a nightmare for resource-limited devices where the memory budget is strictly limited. To remedy this situation, in this paper, we incorporate the Sparse Evolutionary Training (SET) procedure into LSTM, proposing a novel model dubbed SET-LSTM. Rather than starting with a fully-connected architecture, SET-LSTM has a sparse topology and dramatically fewer parameters in both phases, training and inference. Considering the specific architecture of LSTMs, we replace the LSTM cells and embedding layers with sparse structures and further on, use an evolutionary strategy to adapt the sparse connectivity to the data. Additionally, we find that SET-LSTM can provide many different good combinations of sparse connectivity to substitute the overparameterized optimization problem of dense neural networks. Evaluated on four sentiment analysis classification datasets, the results demonstrate that our proposed model is able to achieve usually better performance than its fully connected counterpart while having less than 4% of its parameters. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands.  Shiwei Liu <s.liu3@tue.nl>.
The Invisible QR Code

QR (Quick Response) Codes are widely used as a convenient unidirectional communication channel to convey information, such as emails, hyperlinks, or phone numbers, from publicity materials to mobile devices. But the QR Code is not visually appealing and takes up valuable space of publicity materials. In this paper, we propose a new method to embed QR Code on digital screen via temporal psychovisual modulation (TPVM). By exploiting the difference between human eyes and semiconductor imaging sensors in temporal convolution of optical signals, we make QR Code perceptually transparent to human but detectable for mobile devices. Based on the idea of invisible QR Code, many applications can be implemented, e.g., "physical hyperlink" for something interesting on TV or digital signage , "invisible watermark" for anti-piracy in theater. A prototype system introduced in this paper serves as a proof-of-concept of the invisible QR Code and can be improved in future works.
The Pricing Strategy Guideline Framework for SaaS Vendors

Software as a Service has become a dominant IT news topic over the last few years. Especially in these current recession times, adopting SaaS solutions is increasingly becoming the more favorable alternative for customers rather than investing on brand new on-premise software or outsourcing. This fact has inevitably stimulated the birth of numerous SaaS vendors. Unfortunately, many small-to-medium vendors have emerged only to disappear again from the market. A lack of maturity in their pricing strategy often becomes part of the reason. This paper presents the ’Pricing Strategy Guideline Framework (PSGF)’ that assists SaaS vendors with a guideline to ensure that all the fundamental pricing elements are included in their pricing strategy. The PSGF describes five different layers that need to be taken to price a software: value creation, price structure, price and value communication, price policy, and price level. The PSGF can be of particularly great use for the startup vendors that tend to have less experience in pricing their SaaS solutions. Up until now, there have been no SaaS pricing frameworks available in the SaaS research area, such as the PSGF developed in this research. The PSGF is evaluated in a case study at a Dutch SaaS vendor in the Finance sector.
Treatment of mandibular retrusion by distraction osteogenesis: a new technique.

We treated the mandibular retrusion of a 20-year-old man by distraction osteogenesis. Our aim was to avoid any visible discontinuities in the soft tissue profile that may result from conventional "one-step" genioplasty. The result was excellent. In addition to a good aesthetic outcome, there was increased bone formation not only between the two surfaces of the osteotomy but also adjacent to the distraction zone, resulting in improved coverage of the roots of the lower incisors. Only a few patients have been treated so far, but the method seems to hold promise for the treatment of extreme retrognathism, as these patients often have insufficient buccal bone coverage.
Extracting blood flow parameters from Photoplethysmograph signals: A review

Infrared sensors are used in Photoplethysmography measurements (PPG) to get blood flow parameters in the vascular system. It is a simple, low-cost non-invasive optical technique that is commonly placed on a finger or toe, to detect blood volume changes in the micro-vascular bed of tissue. The sensor use an infrared source and a photo detector to detect the infrared wave which is not absorbed. The recorded infrared waveform at the detector side is called the PPG signal. This paper reviews the various blood flow parameters that can be extracted from this PPG signal including the existence of an endothelial disfunction as an early detection tool of vascular diseases.
The Impact of Social Connectedness and Internalized Transphobic Stigma on Self-Esteem Among Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Adults.

The transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) community continues to represent a notably marginalized population exposed to pervasive discrimination, microaggressions, and victimization. Congruent with the minority stress model, TGNC individuals persistently experience barriers to wellbeing in contemporary society; however, research uncovering resilience-based pathways to health among this population is sparse. This study aimed to explore the impact and interaction between internalized transphobic stigma and a potential buffer against minority stress-social connectedness-on the self-esteem of TGNC identified adults. Data were collected from 65 TGNC identified adults during a national transgender conference. Multiple regression analysis reveals that self-esteem is negatively impacted by internalized transphobia and positively impacted by social connectedness. Social connectedness did not significantly moderate the relationship between internalized transphobia and self-esteem. Micro and macro interventions aimed at increasing social connectedness and decreasing internalized transphobic stigma may be paramount for enhancing resiliency and wellbeing in the TGNC community.
Gigantomastia due to retromammary lipoma: An aesthetic management.

A "giant" lipoma is defined as a tumor having dimensions greater than 10 cm. Giant lipomas are rare and giant breast lipomas are exceptionally uncommon. Only six cases have been described in world literature till date. Herein we describe a case of giant breast lipoma and discuss its surgical management.



A 43-year-old lady presented with left sided unilateral gigantomastia. Clinical examination, radiology and histopathology diagnosed lipoma. Excision of the tumor was planned, together with correction of the breast deformity by reduction mammoplasty using McKissok technique. A tumor measuring 19 cm × 16 cm × 10 cm and weighing 1647 grams was removed. The nipple areola complex was set by infolding of the vertical pedicles and the lateral and medial flaps were approximated to create the final breast contour. The patient is doing well on follow up.



Giant lipomas are rare and of them, giant breast lipomas are extremely uncommon. They can grow to immense proportions and cause significant aesthetic and functional problems. The treatment is excision. But reconstruction of the breast is almost always necessary to achieve a symmetric breast in terms of volume, shape, projection and nipple areola complex symmetry compared to the normal opposite breast. Few authors have used various mammoplasty techniques for reconstruction of the breast after giant lipoma excision. Our case has the following unique features: (i) It is the third largest breast lipoma described in the literature till date, weighing 1647 grams; (ii) The Mckissock technique has been used for parenchymal reshaping which has not been previously described for giant breast lipoma.



This case demonstrates that reduction mammoplasty after giant lipoma removal is highly rewarding, resulting in a smaller-sized breast that is aesthetically more pleasing, has better symmetry with the contralateral breast, and provides relief from functional mass deficit.