nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The consistency of task-based authorization constraints in workflow

Workflow management systems (WFMSs) have attracted a lot of interest both in academia and the business community. A workflow consists of a collection of tasks that are organized to facilitate some business process specification. To simplify the complexity of security administration, it is common to use role-based access control (RBAC) to grant authorization to roles and users. Typically, security policies are expressed as constraints on users, roles, tasks and the workflow itself. A workflow system can become very complex and involve several organizations or different units of an organization, thus the number of security policies may be very large and their interactions very complex. It is clearly important to know whether the existence of such constraints will prevent certain instances of the workflow from completing. Unfortunately, no existing constraint models have considered this problem satisfactorily. In this paper, we define a model for constrained workflow systems that includes local and global cardinality constraints, separation of duty constraints and binding of duty constraints. We define the notion of a workflow specification and of a constrained workflow authorization schema. Our main result is to establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the set of constraints that ensure a sound constrained workflow authorization schema, that is, for any user or any role who are authorized to a task, there is at least one complete workflow instance when this user or this role executes this task.
Comparison of Productivity of Colonies of Honey Bees, Apis mellifera, Supplemented with Sucrose or High Fructose Corn Syrup

Honey bee colony feeding trials were conducted to determine whether differential effects of carbohydrate feeding (sucrose syrup (SS) vs. high fructose corn syrup, or HFCS) could be measured between colonies fed exclusively on these syrups. In one experiment, there was a significant difference in mean wax production between the treatment groups and a significant interaction between time and treatment for the colonies confined in a flight arena. On average, the colonies supplied with SS built 7916.7 cm(2) ± 1015.25 cm(2) honeycomb, while the colonies supplied with HFCS built 4571.63 cm(2) ± 786.45 cm(2). The mean mass of bees supplied with HFCS was 4.65 kg (± 0.97 kg), while those supplied with sucrose had a mean of 8.27 kg (± 1.26). There was no significant difference between treatment groups in terms of brood rearing. Differences in brood production were complicated due to possible nutritional deficiencies experienced by both treatment groups. In the second experiment, colonies supplemented with SS through the winter months at a remote field site exhibited increased spring brood production when compared to colonies fed with HFCS. The differences in adult bee populations were significant, having an overall average of 10.0 ± 1.3 frames of bees fed the sucrose syrup between November 2008 and April 2009, compared to 7.5 ± 1.6 frames of bees fed exclusively on HFCS. For commercial queen beekeepers, feeding the right supplementary carbohydrates could be especially important, given the findings of this study.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated From Surgical Site Infection of Hospitalized Patients

Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are infections of incision or deep tissue at operation sites. These infections prolong hospitalization, delay wound healing, and increase the overall cost and morbidity.



This study aimed to investigate anaerobic and aerobic bacteria prevalence in surgical site infections and determinate antibiotic susceptibility pattern in these isolates.



One hundred SSIs specimens were obtained by needle aspiration from purulent material in depth of infected site. These specimens were cultured and incubated in both aerobic and anaerobic condition. For detection of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, we used disk diffusion, agar dilution, and E-test methods.



A total of 194 bacterial strains were isolated from 100 samples of surgical sites. Predominant aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria isolated from these specimens were the members of Enterobacteriaceae family (66, 34.03%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26, 13.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (24, 12.37%), Acinetobacter spp. (18, 9.28%), Enterococcus spp. (16, 8.24%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (14, 7.22%) and nonhemolytic streptococci (2, 1.03%). Bacteroides fragilis (26, 13.4%), and Clostridium perfringens (2, 1.03%) were isolated as anaerobic bacteria. The most resistant bacteria among anaerobic isolates were B. fragilis. All Gram-positive isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid while most of Enterobacteriaceae showed sensitivity to imipenem.



Most SSIs specimens were polymicrobial and predominant anaerobic isolate was B. fragilis. Isolated aerobic and anaerobic strains showed high level of resistance to antibiotics.
Procedural urban environments for FPS games

This paper presents a novel approach to procedural generation of urban maps for First Person Shooter (FPS) games. A multi-agent evolutionary system is employed to place streets, buildings and other items inside the Unity3D game engine, resulting in playable video game levels. A computational agent is trained using machine learning techniques to capture the intent of the game designer as part of the multi-agent system, and to enable a semi-automated aesthetic selection for the underlying genetic algorithm.
Slope stability analysis with FLAC and limit equilibrium methods

The factor of safety for slopes (FS) has been traditionally evaluated using two-dimensional limit equilibrium methods (LEM). However the FS of a slope can also be computed with FLAC by reducing the soil shear strength in stages until the slope fails. This method is called the shear strength reduction technique (SSR). Many authors have pointed out several advantages of SSR over the limit equilibrium methods. But usually they checked the effectiveness of SSR on rather small models of simple geometry. In this study, the accuracy of the SSR was investigated through comparisons with limit analysis solutions. FS estimated by SSR was compared with FS obtained from Fellenius, Bishop, Morgenstern-Price and Janbu.
Cognitive effects of risperidone in children with autism and irritable behavior.

The objective of this research was to explore the effects of risperidone on cognitive processes in children with autism and irritable behavior.



Thirty-eight children, ages 5-17 years with autism and severe behavioral disturbance, were randomly assigned to risperidone (0.5 to 3.5 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. This sample of 38 was a subset of 101 subjects who participated in the clinical trial; 63 were unable to perform the cognitive tasks. A double-blind placebo-controlled parallel groups design was used. Dependent measures included tests of sustained attention, verbal learning, hand-eye coordination, and spatial memory assessed before, during, and after the 8-week treatment. Changes in performance were compared by repeated measures ANOVA.



Twenty-nine boys and 9 girls with autism and severe behavioral disturbance and a mental age >or=18 months completed the cognitive part of the study. No decline in performance occurred with risperidone. Performance on a cancellation task (number of correct detections) and a verbal learning task (word recognition) was better on risperidone than on placebo (without correction for multiplicity). Equivocal improvement also occurred on a spatial memory task. There were no significant differences between treatment conditions on the Purdue Pegboard (hand-eye coordination) task or the Analog Classroom Task (timed math test).



Risperidone given to children with autism at doses up to 3.5 mg for up to 8 weeks appears to have no detrimental effect on cognitive performance.
Air painting with Corel Painter Freestyle and the leap motion controller: a revolutionary new way to paint!

The feel of air painting is like none other! It is like being a dancer, conductor and magician all wrapped up in one. As legendary science fiction writer and visionary, Arthur C. Clarke, famously said, "any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic". Air painting is indeed magical! Imagine being able to control every aspect of the painting process through only gesture and movement of your fingers in the air, and being able to paint with up to ten simultaneous brush strokes controlled by the movement of your fingers and thumbs on both hands. This is now a reality with the combination of the revolutionary new Leap Motion Controller providing 3-D motion-generated input data to the Corel Painter Freestyle application. It is the powerful synergy of these two complementary technologies applied to fine art observational painting that is the focus of this talk.
Real-time trip information service for a large taxi fleet

In this paper, we describe the design, analysis, implementation, and operational deployment of a real-time trip information system that provides passengers with the expected fare and trip duration of the taxi ride they are planning to take. This system was built in cooperation with a taxi operator that operates more than 15,000 taxis in Singapore. We first describe the overall system design and then explain the efficient algorithms used to achieve our predictions based on up to 21 months of historical data consisting of approximately 250 million paid taxi trips. We then describe various optimisations (involving region sizes, amount of history, and data mining techniques) and accuracy analysis (involving routes and weather) we performed to increase both the runtime performance and prediction accuracy. Our large scale evaluation demonstrates that our system is (a) accurate --- with the mean fare error under 1 Singapore dollar (~ 0.76 US$) and the mean duration error under three minutes, and (b) capable of real-time performance, processing thousands to millions of queries per second. Finally, we describe the lessons learned during the process of deploying this system into a production environment.
One-Class Classification with Gaussian Processes

Detecting instances of unknown categories is an important task for a multitude of problems such as object recognition, event detection, and defect localization. This paper investigates the use of Gaussian process (GP) priors for this area of research. Focusing on the task of one-class classification for visual object recognition, we analyze different measures derived from GP regression and approximate GP classification. Experiments are performed using a large set of categories and different image kernel functions. Our findings show that the well-known Support Vector Data Description is significantly outperformed by at least two GP measures which indicates high potential of Gaussian processes for one-class classification.
Cerebral resuscitation: role of osmotherapy

Primary brain injury can result from a variety of causes, including trauma, focal or global cerebral ischemia, intraparenchymal or subarachnoid hemorrhage, infection, or toxic-metabolic derangements. Secondary neuronal injury may ensue from a variety of factors, including cerebral edema that may accompany elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), and compromise cerebral blood flow (CBF). The use of osmotic agents constitutes the cornerstone of medical therapy in acute brain resuscitation from cerebral edema and elevated ICP in all brain injury paradigms. While mannitol is the osmotic agent of choice, hypertonic saline (HS) solutions have received renewed attention as agents that hold promise in the future. This article reviews and highlights the pathophysiological principles of osmotherapy and the mechanisms of action of osmotic agents, and elaborates on their use in patients with acute brain injury.
A Hybrid 18-Pulse Rectification Scheme for Diode Front-End Rectifiers With Large DC-Bus Capacitor

Diode rectifiers with large dc-bus capacitors, used in the front ends of variable-frequency drives (VFDs) and other ac-to-dc converters, draw discontinuous current from the power system, resulting in current distortion and, hence, voltage distortion. Typically, the power system can handle current distortion without showing signs of voltage distortion. However, when the majority of the load on a distribution feeder is made up of VFDs, current distortion becomes an important issue since it can cause voltage distortion. Multipulse techniques to reduce input current harmonics are popular because they do not interfere with the existing power system either from higher conducted electromagnetic interference, when active techniques are used, or from possible resonance, when capacitor-based filters are employed. In this paper, a new 18-pulse topology is proposed that has two six-pulse rectifiers powered via a phase-shifting isolation transformer, while the third six-pulse rectifier is fed directly from the ac source via a matching inductor. This idea relies on harmonic current cancellation strategy rather than flux cancellation method and results in lower overall harmonics. It is also seen to be smaller in size and weight and lower in cost compared to an isolation transformer. Experimental results are given to validate the concept.
Static noise margin variation for sub-threshold SRAM in 65-nm CMOS

The increased importance of lowering power in memory design has produced a trend of operating memories at lower supply voltages. Recent explorations into sub-threshold operation for logic show that minimum energy operation is possible in this region. These two trends suggest a meeting point for energy-constrained applications in which SRAM operates at sub-threshold voltages compatible with the logic. Since sub-threshold voltages leave less room for large static noise margin (SNM), a thorough understanding of the impact of various design decisions and other parameters becomes critical. This paper analyzes SNM for sub-threshold bitcells in a 65-nm process for its dependency on sizing, VDD, temperature, and local and global threshold variation. The VT variation has the greatest impact on SNM, so we provide a model that allows estimation of the SNM along the worst-case tail of the distribution
A Cladistic Approach for the Classification of Oligotrichid Ciliates (Ciliophora: Spirotricha).

Currently, gene sequence genealogies of the Oligotrichea Bütschli, 1889 comprise only few species. Therefore, a cladistic approach, especially to the Oligotrichida, was made, applying Hennig's method and computer programs. Twenty-three characters were selected and discussed, i.e., the morphology of the oral apparatus (five characters), the somatic ciliature (eight characters), special organelles (four characters), and ontogenetic particulars (six characters). Nine of these characters developed convergently twice. Although several new features were included into the analyses, the cladograms match other morphological trees in the monophyly of the Oligotrichea, Halteriia, Oligotrichia, Oligotrichida, and Choreotrichida. The main synapomorphies of the Oligotrichea are the enantiotropic division mode and the de novo-origin of the undulating membranes. Although the sister group relationship of the Halteriia and the Oligotrichia contradicts results obtained by gene sequence analyses, no morphologic, ontogenetic or ultrastructural features were found, which support a branching of Halteria grandinella within the Stichotrichida. The cladistic approaches suggest paraphyly of the family Strombidiidae probably due to the scarce knowledge. A revised classification of the Oligotrichea is suggested, including all sufficiently known families and genera.
Self-gain or self-regulation impairment? Tests of competing explanations of the supervisor abuse and employee deviance relationship through perceptions of distributive justice.

Two competing explanations for deviant employee responses to supervisor abuse are tested. A self-gain view is compared with a self-regulation impairment view. The self-gain view suggests that distributive justice (DJ) will weaken the abusive supervision-employee deviance relationship, as perceptions of fair rewards offset costs of abuse. Conversely, the self-regulation impairment view suggests that DJ will strengthen the relationship, as experiencing abuse drains self-resources needed to maintain appropriate behavior, and this effect intensifies when employees receive inconsistent information about their organizational membership (fair outcomes). Three field studies using different samples, measures, and designs support the self-regulation impairment view. Two studies found that the Abusive Supervision × DJ interaction was mediated by self-regulation impairment variables (ego depletion and intrusive thoughts). Implications for theory and research are discussed.
A network science and document similarity based hybrid job recommendation system

Job recommendation systems mainly use different sources of data in order to give the better content for the end user. Developing the well-performing system requires complex hybrid approaches of representing similarity based on the content of job postings and resumes as well as interactions between them. We develop an efficient hybrid networkbased job recommendation system which uses Personalized PageRank algorithm in order to rank vacancies for the users based on the similarity between resumes and job posts as textual documents, along with previous interactions of users with vacancies. Our approach achieved the recall of 50% and generated more applies for the jobs during the online A/B test than previous algorithms.
Integrating Faces and Fingerprints for Personal Identification

An automatic personal identification system based solely on fingerprints or faces is often not able to meet the system performance requirements. Face recognition is fast but not extremely reliable, while fingerprint verification is reliable but inefficient in database retrieval. We have developed a prototype biometric system which integrates faces and fingerprints. The system overcomes the limitations of face recognition systems as well as fingerprint verification systems. The integrated prototype system operates in the identification mode with an admissible response time. The identity established by the system is more reliable than the identity established by a face recognition system. In addition, the proposed decision fusion scheme enables performance improvement by integrating multiple cues with different confidence measures. Experimental results demonstrate that our system performs very well. It meets the response time as well as the accuracy requirements.
Spatial relationships between lingual nerve and mandibular ramus: original study method, clinical and educational applications

Lingual nerve damage complicating oral surgery would sometimes require electrographic exploration. Nevertheless, direct recording of conduction in lingual nerve requires its puncture at the foramen ovale. This method is too dangerous to be practiced routinely in these diagnostic indications. The aim of our study was to assess spatial relationships between lingual nerve and mandibular ramus in the infratemporal fossa using an original technique. Therefore, ten lingual nerves were dissected on five fresh cadavers. All the nerves were catheterized with a 3/0 wire. After meticulous repositioning of the nerve and medial pterygoid muscle reinsertion, CT-scan examinations were performed with planar acquisitions and three-dimensional reconstructions. Localization of lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa was assessed successively at the level of the sigmoid notch of the mandible, lingula and third molar. At the level of the lingula, lingual nerve was far from the maxillary vessels; mean distance between the nerve and the anterior border of the ramus was 19.6 mm. The posteriorly opened angle between the medial side of the ramus and the line joining the lingual nerve and the anterior border of the ramus measured 17°. According to these findings, we suggest that the lingual nerve might be reached through the intra-oral puncture at the intermaxillary commissure; therefore, we modify the inferior alveolar nerve block technique to propose a safe and reproducible protocol likely to be performed routinely as electrographic exploration of the lingual nerve. What is more, this original study protocol provided interesting educational materials and could be developed for the conception of realistic 3D virtual anatomy supports.
Image steganography based on LSBMR using Sobel edge detection

Steganography is the science of embedding confidential data inside data so they can be sent to destination without suspicion. Image-steganography is the most popular type of carrier to hold information. Many algorithms have been proposed to hide information into digital images. The least significant bit algorithm (LSB) is one of these algorithms that is widely used in steganography. Several improvements of this algorithm have been proposed recently. In this paper we study and analyze the LSB matching revisited (LSBMR) algorithm and the edge adaptive image steganography based on LSBMR. We conduct several experiments on these algorithms on a set of 200 images and we show that an improvement can be made by using some image processing technique called Sobel edge detection to find edges of the images that can hold the secret information. We show that the proposed technique can improve the quality of the steganography images where sharper edges are used for low capacity rate.
Learning to Estimate 3D Hand Pose from Single RGB Images

Low-cost consumer depth cameras and deep learning have enabled reasonable 3D hand pose estimation from single depth images. In this paper, we present an approach that estimates 3D hand pose from regular RGB images. This task has far more ambiguities due to the missing depth information. To this end, we propose a deep network that learns a network-implicit 3D articulation prior. Together with detected keypoints in the images, this network yields good estimates of the 3D pose. We introduce a large scale 3D hand pose dataset based on synthetic hand models for training the involved networks. Experiments on a variety of test sets, including one on sign language recognition, demonstrate the feasibility of 3D hand pose estimation on single color images.
Cost Estimation Methods : A Review

Project planning is one of the most important activities in software projects. Poor planning often leads to project faults and dramatic outcomes for the project team. If cost and effort are determined pessimistic in software projects, suitable occasions can be missed; whereas optimistic predictions can be caused to some resource losing. Nowadays software project managers should be aware of the increasing of project failures. The main reason for this problem is imprecision of the estimation. In this paper, several existing methods for software cost estimation are illustrated and their aspects will be discussed. Comparing the features of the methods could be applied for clustering based on abilities; it is also useful for selecting the special method for each project. The history of using each estimation model leads to have a good choice for an especial software project. In this paper an example of estimation is also presented in an actual software project. KeywordsCost Estimation; project fail; Cocomo; Accuracy