nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Animal Classification System Based on Image Processing & Support Vector Machine

This project is mainly focused to develop system for animal researchers & wild life photographers to overcome so many challenges in their day life today. When they engage in such situation, they need to be patiently waiting for long hours, maybe several days in whatever location and under severe weather conditions until capturing what they are interested in. Also there is a big demand for rare wild life photo graphs. The proposed method makes the task automatically use microcontroller controlled camera, image processing and machine learning techniques. First with the aid of microcontroller and four passive IR sensors system will automatically detect the presence of animal and rotate the camera toward that direction. Then the motion detection algorithm will get the animal into middle of the frame and capture by high end auto focus web cam. Then the captured images send to the PC and are compared with photograph database to check whether the animal is exactly the same as the photographer choice. If that captured animal is the exactly one who need to capture then it will automatically capture more. Though there are several technologies available none of these are capable of recognizing what it captures. There is no detection of animal presence in different angles. Most of available equipment uses a set of PIR sensors and whatever it disturbs the IR field will automatically be captured and stored. Night time images are black and white and have less details and clarity due to infrared flash quality. If the infrared flash is designed for best image quality, range will be sacrificed. The photographer might be interested in a specific animal but there is no facility to recognize automatically whether captured animal is the photographer’s choice or not.
Intercalation and Push‐Out Process with Spinel‐to‐Rocksalt Transition on Mg Insertion into Spinel Oxides in Magnesium Batteries

On the basis of the similarity between spinel and rocksalt structures, it is shown that some spinel oxides (e.g., MgCo2O4, etc) can be cathode materials for Mg rechargeable batteries around 150 °C. The Mg insertion into spinel lattices occurs via "intercalation and push-out" process to form a rocksalt phase in the spinel mother phase. For example, by utilizing the valence change from Co(III) to Co(II) in MgCo2O4, Mg insertion occurs at a considerably high potential of about 2.9 V vs. Mg2+/Mg, and similarly it occurs around 2.3 V vs. Mg2+/Mg with the valence change from Mn(III) to Mn(II) in MgMn2O4, being comparable to the ab initio calculation. The feasibility of Mg insertion would depend on the phase stability of the counterpart rocksalt XO of MgO in Mg2X2O4 or MgX3O4 (X = Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr). In addition, the normal spinel MgMn2O4 and MgCr2O4 can be demagnesiated to some extent owing to the robust host structure of Mg1-xX2O4, where the Mg extraction/insertion potentials for MgMn2O4 and MgCr2O4 are both about 3.4 V vs. Mg2+/Mg. Especially, the former "intercalation and push-out" process would provide a safe and stable design of cathode materials for polyvalent cations.
Scanning the surface of soft tissues with a micrometer precision thanks to endomicroscopy based visual servoing

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy is a recent tissue imaging technology that requires placing a probe in contact with the tissue to be imaged and provides real time images with a microscopic resolution. Additionally, generating adequate probe movements to sweep the tissue surface can be used to reconstruct a wide mosaic of the scanned region while increasing the resolution which is appropriate for anatomico-pathological cancer diagnosis. However, properly controlling the motion along the scanning trajectory is a major problem. Indeed, the tissue exhibits deformations under friction forces exerted by the probe leading to deformed mosaics. In this paper we propose a visual servoing approach for controlling the probe movements relative to the tissue while rejecting the tissue deformation disturbance. The probe displacement with respect to the tissue is firstly estimated using the confocal images and an image registration real-time algorithm. Secondly, from this real-time image-based position measurement, the probe motion is controlled thanks to a simple proportional-integral compensator and a feedforward term. Ex vivo experiments using a Stäubli TX40 robot and a Mauna Kea Technologies Cellvizio imaging device demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on liver and muscle tissue.
Switch sizing for energy-efficient datacenter networks

Saving power in datacenter networks has become a pressing issue. ElasticTree and CARPO fat-tree networks have recently been proposed to reduce power consumption by using sleep mode during the operation stage of the network. In this paper, we address the design stage where the right switch size is evaluated to maximize power saving during the expected operation of the network. Our findings reveal that deploying a large number of small switches is more power-efficient than a small number of large switches when the traffic demand is relatively moderate or when servers exchanging traffic are in close proximity. We also discuss the impact of sleep mode on performance such as packet delay and loss.
On Foundation and Construction of Physical Unclonable Functions

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have been introduced as a new cryptographic primitive, and whilst a large number of PUF designs and applications have been proposed, few studies has been undertaken on the theoretical foundation of PUFs. At the same time, many PUF designs have been found to be insecure, raising questions about their design methodology. Moreover, PUFs with efficient implementation are needed to enable many applications in practice. In this paper, we present novel results on the theoretical foundation and practical construction for PUFs. First, we prove that, for an l-bit-input and m-bit-output PUF containing n silicon components, if n < m2 l c where c is a constant, then 1) the PUF cannot be a random function, and 2) confusion and diffusion are necessary for the PUF to be a pseudorandom function. Then, we propose a helper data algorithm (HDA) that is secure against active attacks and significantly reduces PUF implementation overhead compared to previous HDAs. Finally, we integrate PUF construction into block cipher design to implement an efficient physical unclonable pseudorandom permutation (PUPRP); to the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical PUPRP using an integrated approach.
Severe Short Stature in an Adolescent Male with Prader-Willi Syndrome and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Therapeutic Conundrum

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency results in excess androgen production which can lead to early epiphyseal fusion and short stature. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder resulting from a defect on chromosome 15 due to paternal deletion, maternal uniparental disomy, or imprinting defect. Ninety percent of patients with PWS have short stature. In this article we report a patient with simple-virilizing CAH and PWS who was overtreated with glucocorticoids for CAH and not supplemented with growth hormone for PWS, resulting in a significantly short adult height.
The corrosion behavior of Ag alloy wire bond on Al pad in molding compounds of various chlorine contents under biased-HAST

The present article investigated the performance and corrosion behavior between Ag alloy wire bond and Al pad under molding compounds of different chlorine contents. The epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) were categorized as ultra-high chlorine, high chlorine and low chlorine, respectively, with 18.3 and 4.1 ppm chlorine contents. The ball bonds were stressed under 130°C/85%RH with biased voltage of 10V. The interfacial evolution between Ag alloy wire bond and Al pad was investigated in EMC of three chlorine contents after the biased-HAST test. The Ag bonding wires used in the plastic ball grid array (PBGA) package include low Ag wire (89wt%) and high Ag alloy wire (97wt%). The as bonded wire bond exhibits an average Ag-Al IMC thickness of ~0.56 μm in both types of Ag alloy wire. Two Cu-Al IMC layers, AgAl2 and Ag4Al, analyzed by EDX were formed after 96h of biased-HAST test. The joint failed in 96h and 480h, respectively, under high chlorine content EMC. The joint lasts longer than 1056h with low chlorine content EMC. The corrosion of IMC formed between Ag alloy wire and Al pad, occurs in the high Ag content alloy wire. The results of EDX analysis indicate that the chlorine ion diffuses from molding compound to IMC through the crack formed between IMC and Al pad. Al2O3 was formed within the IMC layer. It is believed the existence of Al2O3 accelerates the penetration of the chlorine ion and thus the corrosion.
Framing the Human Dimension in Cybersecurity

The advent of technologies that can seamlessly operate in different environments with differing levels of security present new challenges to the cybersecurity specialist seeking to ensure the safety of data, process or output of a complex system. This paper reviews the human dimension of cybersecurity. The Human Factors Integration (HFI) framework is employed as a structure with which to consider the many ways in which the human can differentially affect the security of a system both positively and negatively. We conclude that when the human factors element is analysed when specifying and designing secure and safe systems, it is far more likely that the human can assist and increase the overall level of security. As in other high technology sectors such as aviation or petrochemical, if not considered, the human can often ‘bulldoze’ through the most carefully considered and designed security or safety barriers
Rapid, minimally invasive adult voluntary male circumcision: A randomised trial.

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a priority HIV preventive intervention. To facilitate male circumcision scale- up, the World Health Organization is actively seeking circumcision techniques that are quicker, easier, and safer than open surgical methods.



To compare conventional open surgical circumcision with suturing with a minimally invasive technique using the Gomco circumcision clamp plus tissue adhesive.



We conducted a non-blinded randomised controlled trial comprising 200 male volunteers >18 years of age, seen at the outpatient university teaching clinic of the Catholic University of Mozambique. We compared two interventions - open surgical circumcision with suturing v. Gomco instrument plus tissue adhesive. Our primary outcome was intraoperative time and our secondary outcomes included: ease of performance, post-operative pain, adverse events, time to healing, patient satisfaction and cosmetic result.



The intraoperative time was less with the Gomco/tissue adhesive technique (mean 12.8 min v. 22.5 min; p<0.001). Adverse events were similar except that wound disruption was greater in the Gomco/tissue adhesive group, with no difference in wound healing at 4 weeks. Levels of satisfaction were high in both groups. The cosmetic result was superior in the Gomco/tissue adhesive group.



This study has important implications for the scale-up of VMMC services. Removing the foreskin with the Gomco instrument and sealing the wound with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in adults is quicker, is an easier technique to learn, and is potentially safer than open surgical VMMC. A disposable plastic, Gomco-like device should be produced and evaluated for use in resource-limited settings.
Pericytes regulate the blood–brain barrier

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) consists of specific physical barriers, enzymes and transporters, which together maintain the necessary extracellular environment of the central nervous system (CNS). The main physical barrier is found in the CNS endothelial cell, and depends on continuous complexes of tight junctions combined with reduced vesicular transport. Other possible constituents of the BBB include extracellular matrix, astrocytes and pericytes, but the relative contribution of these different components to the BBB remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate a direct role of pericytes at the BBB in vivo. Using a set of adult viable pericyte-deficient mouse mutants we show that pericyte deficiency increases the permeability of the BBB to water and a range of low-molecular-mass and high-molecular-mass tracers. The increased permeability occurs by endothelial transcytosis, a process that is rapidly arrested by the drug imatinib. Furthermore, we show that pericytes function at the BBB in at least two ways: by regulating BBB-specific gene expression patterns in endothelial cells, and by inducing polarization of astrocyte end-feet surrounding CNS blood vessels. Our results indicate a novel and critical role for pericytes in the integration of endothelial and astrocyte functions at the neurovascular unit, and in the regulation of the BBB.
Towards the Standardization of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access for Next Generation Wireless Networks

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NoMA) as an efficient way of radio resource sharing can root back to the network information theory. For generations of wireless communication systems design, orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes in time, frequency, or code domain have been the main choices due to the limited processing capability in the transceiver hardware, as well as the modest traffic demands in both latency and connectivity. However, for the next generation radio systems, given its vision to connect everything and the much evolved hardware capability, NoMA has been identified as a promising technology to help achieve all the targets in system capacity, user connectivity, and service latency. This article will provide a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art design of the NoMA transmission based on a unified transceiver design framework, the related standardization progress, and some promising use cases in future cellular networks, based on which the interested researchers can get a quick start in this area.
Cooperation of autonomous vehicles using a hierarchy of auction-based and model-predictive control

This paper proposes an approach to establish cooperative behavior within traffic scenarios involving only autonomously driving vehicles. The main idea is to employ principles of auction-based control to determine driving strategies by which the vehicles reach their driving goals, while adjusting their paths to each other and adhering to imposed constraints like traffic rules. Driving plans (bids) are repetitively negotiated among the control units of the vehicles (the auction) to obtain a compromise between separate (local) vehicle goals and the global objective to resolve the considered traffic scenario. The agreed driving plans serve as reference trajectories for local model-predictive controllers of the vehicles to realize the driving behavior. The approach is illustrated for a cooperative overtaking scenario comprising three vehicles.
Amplitude calibration of quartz tuning fork (QTF) force sensor with an atomic force microscope

Amplitude calibration of the quartz tuning fork (QTF) sensor includes the measurement of the sensitivity factor (αTF). We propose, AFM based methods (cantilever tracking and z-servo tracking of the QTF's amplitude of vibration) to determine the sensitivity factor of the QTF. The QTF is mounted on a xyz-scanner of the AFM and a soft AFM probe is approached on the apex of a tine of the QTF by driving the z-servo and using the normal deflection voltage (Vtb) of position sensitive detector (PSD) as feedback signal. Once the tip contacts the tine, servo is switched off. QTF is electrically excited with a sinusoidal signal from OC4 (Nanonis) and amplitude of the QTF's output at transimpedance amplifier (Vtf) and amplitude of VTB (Vp) is measured by individual lock-in amplifiers which are internally synchronized to the phase of the excitation signal of the QTF. Before, the measurements optical lever is calibrated. By relating the both voltages (Vp & Vtf), sensitivity factor of the QTF (αTF) is determined. In the second approach, after the tip contacts the tine, the z-servo is switched off firstly, then the feedback signal is switched to Vp and frequency sweep for the QTF, Vtb as well as z-servo are started, instantaneously. To keep the Vp at set-point the feedback control moves the z-servo to track the vibration amplitude of the QTF and thus the distance traveled by the z-servo (Δζ) during sweep is equal to the fork's amplitude of vibration (ΔxTF). αtf is determined by relating Δz and VTF. Both approaches can be non-destructively applied for QTF sensor calibration. AFM imaging of the AFM calibration grating TGZ1 (from NT-MDT Russia) has been performed with a calibrated QTF sensor.
The Pitfalls of Hashing for Privacy

Boosted by recent legislations, data anonymization is fast becoming a norm. However, as of yet no generic solution has been found to safely release data. As a consequence, data custodians often resort to ad-hoc means to anonymize datasets. Both past and current practices indicate that hashing is often believed to be an effective way to anonymize data. Unfortunately, in practice it is only rarely effective. This paper is a tutorial to explain the limits of cryptographic hash functions as an anonymization technique. Anonymity set is the best privacy model that can be achieved by hash functions. However, this model has several shortcomings. We provide three case studies to illustrate how hashing only yields a weakly anonymized data. The case studies include MAC and email address anonymization as well as the analysis of Google safe browsing.
Association of excessive smartphone use with psychological well-being among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Despite the pervasive use of smartphones among university students, there is still a dearth of research examining the association between smartphone use and psychological well-being among this population. The current study addresses this research gap by investigating the relationship between smartphone use and psychological well-being among university students in Thailand.



This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2018 among university students aged 18-24 years from the largest university in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The primary outcome was psychological well-being, and was assessed using the Flourishing Scale. Smartphone use, the primary independent variable, was measured by five items which had been adapted from the eight-item Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction. All scores above the median value were defined as being indicative of excessive smartphone use.



Out of the 800 respondents, 405 (50.6%) were women. In all, 366 (45.8%) students were categorized as being excessive users of smartphones. Students with excessive use of smartphones had lower scores the psychological well-being than those who did not use smartphone excessively (B = -1.60; P < 0.001). Female students had scores for psychological well-being that were, on average, 1.24 points higher than the scores of male students (P < 0.001).



This study provides some of the first insights into the negative association between excessive smartphone use and the psychological well-being of university students. Strategies designed to promote healthy smartphone use could positively impact the psychological well-being of students.
Integrating creativity workshops into structured requirements processes

Requirements engineering is a creative process in which stakeholders and designers work together to create ideas for new systems that are eventually expressed as requirements. This paper describes RESCUE, a scenario-driven requirements engineering process that includes workshops that integrate creativity techniques with different types of use case and system context modelling. It reports a case study in which RESCUE creativity workshops were used to discover stakeholder and system requirements for DMAN, a future air traffic management system for managing departures from major European airports. The workshop was successful in that it provided new and important outputs for subsequent requirements processes. The paper describes the workshop structure and wider RESCUE process, important results and key lessons learned.
A Nonnegative Latent Factor Model for Large-Scale Sparse Matrices in Recommender Systems via Alternating Direction Method

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF)-based models possess fine representativeness of a target matrix, which is critically important in collaborative filtering (CF)-based recommender systems. However, current NMF-based CF recommenders suffer from the problem of high computational and storage complexity, as well as slow convergence rate, which prevents them from industrial usage in context of big data. To address these issues, this paper proposes an alternating direction method (ADM)-based nonnegative latent factor (ANLF) model. The main idea is to implement the ADM-based optimization with regard to each single feature, to obtain high convergence rate as well as low complexity. Both computational and storage costs of ANLF are linear with the size of given data in the target matrix, which ensures high efficiency when dealing with extremely sparse matrices usually seen in CF problems. As demonstrated by the experiments on large, real data sets, ANLF also ensures fast convergence and high prediction accuracy, as well as the maintenance of nonnegativity constraints. Moreover, it is simple and easy to implement for real applications of learning systems.
A point cluster method for in vivo motion analysis: applied to a study of knee kinematics.

A new method for deriving limb segment motion from markers placed on the skin is described. The method provides a basis for determining the artifact associated with nonrigid body movement of points placed on the skin. The method is based on a cluster of points uniformly distributed on the limb segment. Each point is assigned an arbitrary mass. The center of mass and the inertia tensor of this cluster of points are calculated. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the inertia tensor are used to define a coordinate system in the cluster as well as to provide a basis for evaluating non-rigid body movement. The eigenvalues of the inertia tensor remain invariant if the segment is behaving as a rigid body, thereby providing a basis for determining variations for nonrigid body movement. The method was tested in a simulation model where systematic and random errors were introduced into a fixed cluster of points. The simulation demonstrated that the error due to nonrigid body movement could be substantially reduced. The method was also evaluated in a group of ten normal subjects during walking. The results for knee rotation and translation obtained from the point cluster method compared favorably to results previously obtained from normal subjects with intra-cortical pins placed into the femur and tibia. The resulting methodology described in this paper provides a unique approach to the measurement of in vivo motion using skin-based marker systems.