nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive Freeform Design of Tensegrity

In this paper, we propose a novel interactive method for flexibly designing tensegrity structures under valid force equilibriums. Unlike previous form-finding techniques that aim to obtain a unique solution by fixing some parameters such as the force densities and lengths of elements, our method provides a design system that allows a user to continuously interact with the form within a multidimensional solution space. First, a valid initial form is generated by converting a given polygon mesh surface into a strut-and-cable network that follows the original surface, and the form is then perturbed to attain an equilibrium state through a two-step optimization of both node coordinates and force densities. Then, the form can be freely transformed by using a standard 2D input device while the system updates the form on the fly based on the orthogonal projection of a deformation mode into the solution space. The system provides a flexible platform for designing a tensegrity form for use as a static architectural structure or a kinetic deployable system.
Time-Triggered Ethernet and IEEE 1588 Clock Synchronization

The time-triggered Ethernet unifies real-time and non-real-time traffic into a single communication architecture. We have built a prototype implementation of an FPGA TT-Ethernet switch and an FPGA TT Ethernet communication controller supporting a network bandwidth of 100 Mbit/sec. Time-Triggered Ethernet introduces two message classes, i) the standard event-triggered Ethernet messages, denoted as ET messages, and ii) the time-triggered Ethernet messages, denoted as TT messages. All TT messages are transmitted periodically and are scheduled a priori in a way that there are no conflicts on the network. The network handles these messages according to the cut-through paradigm. Computer nodes containing TT Ethernet communication controllers establish and maintain global time base. However nodes containing standard Ethernet controllers can be connected to a TT Ethernet system and can send ET messages without affecting the temporal properties of the TT messages. The global time format of the TT Ethernet deploys the UTC time format which is compatible with the time format of the IEEE 1588 standard. In these work we present how we deploy the IEEE 1588 in order to synchronize the TT Ethernet controllers which require a tight synchronization among them. Additionally the IEEE 1588 clock synchronization based protocol will be implemented at standard Ethernet controllers such that they can be establish and maintain a global time base.
Design of a smart parking system using wireless sensor network

In this article it is included the design of a smart parking system, the base was the current system "Sistema integrado de Estacionamiento (SIMERT)" and the mobility in Loja - Ecuador, with the use of a sensor network and wireless technology based in Zigbee 900 and Digimesh 2.4 GHz. To the feasibility of the project it was considered a technological platform that could be adapted to the city conditions and that be friendly with the environment, furthermore the suggested solution gives us connectivity with a Web application for integrated parking and usability of administrators and final users.
Wikipedia Chemical Structure Explorer: substructure and similarity searching of molecules from Wikipedia

Wikipedia, the world's largest and most popular encyclopedia is an indispensable source of chemistry information. It contains among others also entries for over 15,000 chemicals including metabolites, drugs, agrochemicals and industrial chemicals. To provide an easy access to this wealth of information we decided to develop a substructure and similarity search tool for chemical structures referenced in Wikipedia.



We extracted chemical structures from entries in Wikipedia and implemented a web system allowing structure and similarity searching on these data. The whole search as well as visualization system is written in JavaScript and therefore can run locally within a web page and does not require a central server. The Wikipedia Chemical Structure Explorer is accessible on-line at www.cheminfo.org/wikipedia and is available also as an open source project from GitHub for local installation.



The web-based Wikipedia Chemical Structure Explorer provides a useful resource for research as well as for chemical education enabling both researchers and students easy and user friendly chemistry searching and identification of relevant information in Wikipedia. The tool can also help to improve quality of chemical entries in Wikipedia by providing potential contributors regularly updated list of entries with problematic structures. And last but not least this search system is a nice example of how the modern web technology can be applied in the field of cheminformatics.
Comparison of magnetic couplers for inductive electric vehicle charging using accurate numerical simulation and statistical methods

Inductive power transfer (IPT) systems developed rapidly in the last years. Nowadays, IPT systems are widely used in a variety of applications, such as automated guided vehicles, electric vehicles, or buses. Within this broad range of applications, IPT systems vary significantly in capacity, in their range of air gap, and in their maximum lateral displacement. In order to take these requirements of various car classifications and power classes into account, a comprehensive overview of various magnetic couplers is given in this paper. Moreover, their optimal field of application is identified. The comparison does not only include known geometries of magnetic coupler topologies, which are already current state of research, but also modifications of these geometries and further topologies. At first, specific strengths and weaknesses of the geometries are highlighted in terms of previously defined evaluation criteria. For this purpose, validated and verified numerical simulations are applied. Furthermore, variations of air gap and lateral misalignment are considered by correlation analyses. In the second part, the previously analyzed geometries are grouped by carrying out a cluster analysis. In the end, the optimal field of application for each group is identified.
Atrial Fibrillation Detection Based on Poincaré plot of RR Intervals

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common types of arrhythmia which significantly increases the risk factor of stroke – especially in elderly population. In this paper an algorithm is presented which is suitable for the effective detection of AF, by using merely heart rate data as input. The method is based on the processing of Poincaré plots constructed from the set of 30 RR intervals. During the analysis of Poincaré plots the dispersion of points around the diagonal line is calculated and the number of clusters is determined by a self-developed cluster analyzer. The decision criterion of AF relies on these two parameters. On the one hand, the algorithm was tested on 10 AF and 10 normal rhythm ECG signals of the PhysioNet Database, achieving the average sensitivity (Se) of 98.69% and the average specificity (Sp) of 99.59%. On the other hand, 10 AF and 10 normal clinically confirmed records of a heart rate meter were also processed, resulting the average Se and Sp of 96.89% and 99.00%, respectively.
Refreshing Labioplasty Techniques for Plastic Surgeons

Patient requests for plastic surgery of the female genitalia have become more common. There are several technical options to manage hypertrophic labia minora, including direct excision, wedge resection, and deepithelialization. Labia majora hypertrophy and hypoplasia can also be managed surgically. The aim of this study was to summarize labioplasty techniques to date, and describe the senior author’s technique for labia minora and majora labioplasty. Seventy-four patients underwent direct labia minora excision with or without clitoral hood molding and management of labia majora by the senior author from January 2009 to August 2011. The average follow-up time was 6 months. The range of the patients’ ages was wide with an average age of 35 years. One patient had an infection and one had wound dehiscence. Six patients had palpable fatty cysts in the labia majora after fat injections; the cysts of five of these patients reabsorbed before 6 months. In one patient a palpable mass persisted 8 months after surgery; however, it was not visible or painful and the patient was satisfied with the result. No cases of scar contracture, painful scar, or discomfort because of labial edge distortion were noted. The satisfaction rate was close to 100 %. The direct excision of the excess labia minora is a good technique and does not produce scar-associated problems. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266 .
A 24.7 mW 65 nm CMOS SAR-Assisted CT $\Delta\Sigma $ Modulator With Second-Order Noise Coupling Achieving 45 MHz Bandwidth and 75.3 dB SNDR

A continuous-time (CT) sixth-order ΔΣ modulator, employing a 4 bit asynchronous successive-approximation-register (ASAR) quantizer, incorporates second-order noise coupling (NC) and excess-loop-delay compensation, all are tightly integrated into the switched-capacitor (SC) SAR digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The mixed-mode second-order NC structure is implemented in both discrete-time (DT) and CT domains. Clocked at 900 MHz, the 65 nm CMOS prototype measures a 120 dB/decade shaped noise slope and a peak 75.3 dB SNDR at an over-sampling ratio (OSR) of 10, yielding a Schreier FoM of 167.9 dB and a Walden FoM of 57.7 fJ/conversion-step. The modulator occupies an active area of 0.16 mm2 and consumes 24.7 mW.
KEVM: A Complete Semantics of the Ethereum Virtual Machine

A developing field of interest for the distributed systems and applied cryptography community is that of smart contracts: self-executing financial instruments that synchronize their state, often through a blockchain. One such smart contract system that has seen widespread practical adoption is Ethereum, which has grown to secure approximately 30 billion USD of currency value and in excess of 300,000 daily transactions. Unfortunately, the rise of these technologies has been marred by a repeated series of security vulnerabilities and high profile contract failures. To address these failures, the Ethereum community has turned to formal verification and program analysis which show great promise due to the computational simplicity and boundedtime execution inherent to smart contracts. Despite this, no fully formal, rigorous, comprehensive, and executable semantics of the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) currently exists, leaving a lack of rigor on which to base such tools. In this work, we present KEVM, the first fully executable formal semantics of the EVM, the bytecode language in which smart contracts are executed. We create this semantics in a framework for executable semantics, the K framework. We show that our semantics not only passes the official 40,683-test stress test suite for EVM implementations, but also reveals ambiguities and potential sources of error in the existing on-paper formalization of EVM semantics [45] on which our work is based. These properties make KEVM an ideal formal reference implementation against which other implementations can be evaluated. We proceed to argue for a semantics-first formal verification approach for EVM contracts, and demonstrate its practicality by using KEVM to verify practically important properties over the arithmetic operation of an example smart contract and the correct operation of a token transfer function in a second contract. We show that our approach is feasible and not computationally restrictive. We hope that our work serves as the base for the development of a wide range of useful formally derived tools for Ethereum, including model checkers, certified compilers, and program equivalence checkers.
AFFDEX SDK: A Cross-Platform Real-Time Multi-Face Expression Recognition Toolkit

We present a real-time facial expression recognition toolkit that can automatically code the expressions of multiple people simultaneously. The toolkit is available across major mobile and desktop platforms (Android, iOS, Windows). The system is trained on the world's largest dataset of facial expressions and has been optimized to operate on mobile devices and with very few false detections. The toolkit offers the potential for the design of novel interfaces that respond to users' emotional states based on their facial expressions. We present a demonstration application that provides real-time visualization of the expressions captured by the camera.
UAV-Enabled Communication Using NOMA

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be deployed as flying base stations (BSs) to leverage the strength of line-of-sight connections and effectively support the coverage and throughput of wireless communication. This paper considers a multiuser communication system, in which a single-antenna UAV-BS serves a large number of ground users by employing non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). The max-min rate optimization problem is formulated under total power, total bandwidth, UAV altitude, and antenna beamwdith constraints. The objective of max-min rate optimization is non-convex in all optimization variables, i.e. UAV altitude, transmit antenna beamwidth, power allocation and bandwidth allocation for multiple users. A pathfollowing algorithm is proposed to solve the formulated problem. Next, orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and dirty paper coding (DPC)-based max-min rate optimization problems are formulated and respective pathfollowing algorithms are developed to solve them. Numerical results show that NOMA outperforms OMA and achieves rates similar to those attained by DPC. In addition, a clear rate gain is observed by jointly optimizing all the parameters rather than optimizing a subset of parameters, which confirms the desirability of their joint optimization.
Graph Convolutional Networks With Argument-Aware Pooling for Event Detection

The current neural network models for event detection have only considered the sequential representation of sentences. Syntactic representations have not been explored in this area although they provide an effective mechanism to directly link words to their informative context for event detection in the sentences. In this work, we investigate a convolutional neural network based on dependency trees to perform event detection. We propose a novel pooling method that relies on entity mentions to aggregate the convolution vectors. The extensive experiments demonstrate the benefits of the dependencybased convolutional neural networks and the entity mentionbased pooling method for event detection. We achieve the state-of-the-art performance on widely used datasets with both perfect and predicted entity mentions.
Linguistic Annotation in/for Corpus Linguistics

This article surveys linguistic annotation in corpora and corpus linguistics.Wefirst define the concept of ‘corpus’ as a radial category and then, in Sect. 2, discuss a variety of kinds of information for which corpora are annotated and that are exploited in contemporary corpus linguistics. Section3 then exemplifies many current formats of annotation with an eye to highlighting both the diversity of formats currently available and the emergence of XML annotation as, for now, the most widespread form of annotation. Section4 summarizes and concludes with desiderata for future developments.
Functional cultures and health benefits

A number of health benefits have been claimed for probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium spp., and L. casei. These benefits include antimutagenic effects, anticarcinogenic properties, improvement in lactose metabolism, reduction in serum cholesterol, and immune system stimulation. Because of the potential health benefits, these organisms are increasingly being incorporated into dairy foods, particularly yoghurt. In addition to yoghurt, fermented functional foods with health benefits based on bioactive peptides released by probiotic organisms, including Evolus and Calpis, have been introduced in the market. To maximize effectiveness of bifidus products, prebiotics are used in probiotic foods. Synbiotics are products that contain both prebiotics and probiotics.
Kansei Engineering with Online Review Mining for Hotel Service Development

In the Internet era, consumers can comment on their hotel living experience directly through the Internet. Thus, consumers online comments might become a key factor for consumers choosing hotels when planning their tourism itinerary. The large amount of User-Generated Content (UGC) provided by the consumers has also provided chances for the hospitality industry to consumer behavior statistic inferences. This study applies Kansei engineering combined with text mining to develop guidelines for hotel services to help managers meet consumers Kansei needs. Through understanding consumers online comments by text mining, this study identifies the most important customer Kansei and hotel service characteristics, and then analyzes the relationships between them. The finds can provide suggestions for hotel service improvement and development.
Long short term memory based hardware prefetcher: a case study

Hardware prefetching is an efficient mechanism to hide cache miss penalties. Accuracy, coverage, and timeliness are three primary metrics in evaluating prefetcher performance. Highly accurate hardware prefetches are desired to predict complex memory access patterns in multicore systems. In this paper, we propose a long short term memory (LSTM) prefetcher---a neural network based hardware prefetcher. Offline experiment shows that the proposed LSTM prefetcher achieves higher accuracy and better coverage on a set of evaluated traces.
DeepLogic: End-to-End Logical Reasoning

Neural networks have been learning complex multi-hop reasoning in various domains. One such formal setting for reasoning, logic, provides a challenging case for neural networks. In this article, we propose a Neural Inference Network (NIN) for learning logical inference over classes of logic programs. Trained in an end-toend fashion NIN learns representations of normal logic programs, by processing them at a character level, and the reasoning algorithm for checking whether a logic program entails a given query. We define 12 classes of logic programs that exemplify increased level of complexity of the inference process (multi-hop and default reasoning) and show that our NIN passes 10 out of the 12 tasks. We also analyse the learnt representations of logic programs that NIN uses to perform the logical inference.
Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes.

Personality has consequences. Measures of personality have contemporaneous and predictive relations to a variety of important outcomes. Using the Big Five factors as heuristics for organizing the research literature, numerous consequential relations are identified. Personality dispositions are associated with happiness, physical and psychological health, spirituality, and identity at an individual level; associated with the quality of relationships with peers, family, and romantic others at an interpersonal level; and associated with occupational choice, satisfaction, and performance, as well as community involvement, criminal activity, and political ideology at a social institutional level.
Query-Driven Soft Interconnection of EMF Models

Model repositories based on the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) play a central role in the model-driven development of complex software-intensive systems by offering means to persist and manipulate models obtained from heterogeneous languages and tools. Complex EMF models can be assembled by interconnecting model fragments by hard links, i.e. regular references, where the target end points to external resources using storage-specific URIs. This approach, in certain application scenarios, may prove to be a too rigid and error prone way of interlinking models. As a flexible alternative, we propose to combine derived features of EMF models with advanced incremental model queries as means for soft interlinking of model elements residing in different model resources. These soft links can be calculated on-demand with graceful handling for temporarily unresolved references. In the background, the interlinks are maintained efficiently and flexibly by using incremental model queries as provided by the EMF-IncQuery framework.
Misinformation in Online Social Networks: Detect Them All with a Limited Budget

Online social networks have become an effective and important social platform for communication, opinions exchange, and information sharing. However, they also make it possible for rapid and wide misinformation diffusion, which may lead to pernicious influences on individuals or society. Hence, it is extremely important and necessary to detect the misinformation propagation by placing monitors.
 In this article, we first define a general misinformation-detection problem for the case where the knowledge about misinformation sources is lacking, and show its equivalence to the influence-maximization problem in the reverse graph. Furthermore, considering node vulnerability, we aim to detect the misinformation reaching to a specific user. Therefore, we study a τ-Monitor Placement problem for cases where partial knowledge of misinformation sources is available and prove its #P complexity. We formulate a corresponding integer program, tackle exponential constraints, and propose a Minimum Monitor Set Construction (MMSC) algorithm, in which the cut-set2 has been exploited in the estimation of reachability of node pairs. Moreover, we generalize the problem from a single target to multiple central nodes and propose another algorithm based on a Monte Carlo sampling technique. Extensive experiments on real-world networks show the effectiveness of proposed algorithms with respect to minimizing the number of monitors.
Review of Heterogeneous / Homogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks and Intrusion Detection System Techniques

Wireless sensor networks are made up of number of tiny mobile nodes, which have the capability of computation, sensing and wireless network communication. The energy efficiency of each node in such kind of networks is one of the important issues under consideration. Thus for these networks, sensor nodes life time is basically depends on use of routing protocols for routing operations in WSN. There are various routing protocols proposed by different researchers, which are considered as efficient on the basis of performance of network lifetime and energy scavenging. There are different routing protocols introduced for WSN such as flat routing protocols, clustering routing protocols, hierarchical routing protocols etc. On the other hand, there are basically two types of WSNs, homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor networks. As WSN is vulnerable to different types of security threats, there are many security methods presented with their own advantages and disadvantages. Most of security methods are applied only on homogeneous WSN, but recently some methods were presented to provide the routing security in heterogeneous WSNs as well. In this paper, the different security threats and Intrusions in WSNs are presented, with review of different security methods.
Network diversity and economic development.

Social networks form the backbone of social and economic life. Until recently, however, data have not been available to study the social impact of a national network structure. To that end, we combined the most complete record of a national communication network with national census data on the socioeconomic well-being of communities. These data make possible a population-level investigation of the relation between the structure of social networks and access to socioeconomic opportunity. We find that the diversity of individuals' relationships is strongly correlated with the economic development of communities.