nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
HomeRF™ and SWAP: wireless networking for the connected home

The Shared Wireless Aaccess Protocol (SWAP) specification for wireless voice and data networking within the home will enable a new class of mobile consumer devices that draw from the power and content of the Internet and the Home PC. If cable modems and xDSL represent the "last mile" access to the home, then HomeRFTM's mission with SWAP could be called the "very last 150 feet" within and around the home. HomeRFTM has the broad backing of the major corporate stakeholders for networking within the home and is optimized specifically for the cost/performance point needed for consumers. The technology leverages the existing PC-industry infrastructure around the Internet, TCP/IP and Ethernet and adds a standard way to connect to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) for voice telephony. First products should appear in late 1999 and future versions with enhanced features and/or higher data rates should follow by 1--2 years.
Short-Term Residential Load Forecasting Based on Resident Behaviour Learning

Residential load forecasting has been playing an increasingly important role in modern smart grids. Due to the variability of residents’ activities, individual residential loads are usually too volatile to forecast accurately. A long short-term memory-based deep-learning forecasting framework with appliance consumption sequences is proposed to address such volatile problem. It is shown that the forecasting accuracy can be notably improved by including appliance measurements in the training data. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through extensive comparison studies on a real-world dataset.
Body image, eating disorders, and the drive for muscularity in gay and heterosexual men: the influence of media images.

This Internet research project examined the relationship between consumption of muscle and fitness magazines and/or various indices of pornography and body satisfaction in gay and heterosexual men. Participants (N = 101) were asked to complete body satisfaction questionnaires that addressed maladaptive eating attitudes, the drive for muscularity, and social physique anxiety. Participants also completed scales measuring self-esteem, depression, and socially desirable responding. Finally, respondents were asked about their consumption of muscle and fitness magazines and pornography. Results indicated that viewing and purchasing of muscle and fitness magazines correlated positively with levels of body dissatisfaction for both gay and heterosexual men. Pornography exposure was positively correlated with social physique anxiety for gay men. The limitations of this study and directions for future research are outlined.
OF SOME ACID AZO DYES FOR WOOL Polya

The present paper describes the synthesis of one mono and two bisazo dyes with yellow, orange and red colour, which can be used as dyes for wool. They were obtained by the diazotization of a monoazo component of the mono-azobenzene type, followed by coupling with I-acid and H-acid. The monoazo components were obtained by the diazotization of sulphanilic acid and coupling with p-toluidine. All synthesized dyes were later analyzed by chromatography, IR and UV-Vis spectrometry. The dyeing performance of all dyes was evaluated on wool fabrics and their fastness properties were studied.
Proteomic Analyses Reveal High Expression of Decorin and Endoplasmin (HSP90B1) Are Associated with Breast Cancer Metastasis and Decreased Survival

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide in terms of incidence and mortality. About 10% of North American women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime and 20% of those will die of the disease. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and biomarkers able to correctly classify patients into prognostic groups are needed to better tailor treatment options and improve outcomes. One powerful method used for biomarker discovery is sample screening with mass spectrometry, as it allows direct comparison of protein expression between normal and pathological states. The purpose of this study was to use a systematic and objective method to identify biomarkers with possible prognostic value in breast cancer patients, particularly in identifying cases most likely to have lymph node metastasis and to validate their prognostic ability using breast cancer tissue microarrays.



Differential proteomic analyses were employed to identify candidate biomarkers in primary breast cancer patients. These analyses identified decorin (DCN) and endoplasmin (HSP90B1) which play important roles regulating the tumour microenvironment and in pathways related to tumorigenesis. This study indicates that high expression of Decorin is associated with lymph node metastasis (p<0.001), higher number of positive lymph nodes (p<0.0001) and worse overall survival (p = 0.01). High expression of HSP90B1 is associated with distant metastasis (p<0.0001) and decreased overall survival (p<0.0001) these patients also appear to benefit significantly from hormonal treatment.



Using quantitative proteomic profiling of primary breast cancers, two new promising prognostic and predictive markers were found to identify patients with worse survival. In addition HSP90B1 appears to identify a group of patients with distant metastasis with otherwise good prognostic features.
The prevalence of intellectual disabilities among 12,000 prisoners - a systematic review.

There are 9 million prisoners worldwide, but it is uncertain what proportion have intellectual disabilities. Such prisoners have been identified as a vulnerable group at risk of victimization and mental illness. Psychiatric surveys based on interviews of unselected prison populations were sought, involving diagnoses of intellectual disabilities. The search was performed by computer-assisted searches, scanning of relevant reference lists, hand-searching of journals, and correspondence with authors of relevant reports. Prevalence rates of intellectual disabilities by gender and other potentially relevant study characteristics were abstracted from publications, supplemented by information from authors of reports. Ten relevant surveys from four different countries were identified that included a total of 11,969 prisoners (mean age: 29 years; 92% male; 23% violent offenders). No formal calculation of a summary estimate of prevalence was undertaken due to substantial heterogeneity. The results suggest that typically 0.5-1.5% of prisoners were diagnosed with intellectual disabilities (range 0% to 2.8% across studies). We conclude that the number of prisoners with intellectual disabilities is considerable and discuss implications for policy and practice.
Implementation of fast trigger generator for high coulomb spark gap switching

Design and implementation of a 15kV sub-nanosecond pulse generator using Trigatron type spark gap as a switch. Straightforward and compact trigger generator using pulse shaping network which produces a trigger pulse of sub-nanosecond rise time. A pulse power system requires delivering a high voltage, high coulomb in short rise time. This is achieved by using pulse shaping network comprises of parallel combinations of capacitors and inductor. Spark gap switches are used to switch the energy from capacitive source to inductive load. The pulse hence generated can be used for synchronization of two or more spark gap. Because of the fast rise time and the high output voltage, the reliability of the synchronization is increased. The analytical calculations, simulation, have been carried out to select the circuit parameters. Simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK have been implemented in the experimental setup and sub-nanoseconds output waveforms have been obtained.
Chromium (VI)‐induced oxidative stress, apoptotic cell death and modulation of p53 tumor suppressor gene

Chromium (VI) is a widely used industrial chemical, extensively used in paints, metal finishes, steel including stainless steel manufacturing, alloy cast irons, chrome, and wood treatment. On the contrary, chromium (III) salts such as chromium polynicotinate, chromium chloride and chromium picolinate, are used as micronutrients and nutritional supplements, and have been demonstrated to exhibit a significant number of health benefits in rodents and humans. However, the cause for the hexavalent chromium to induce cytotoxicity is not entirely understood. A series of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that chromium (VI) induces an oxidative stress through enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to genomic DNA damage and oxidative deterioration of lipids and proteins. A cascade of cellular events occur following chromium (VI)‐induced oxidative stress including enhanced production of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, increased lipid peroxidation and genomic DNA fragmentation, modulation of intracellular oxidized states, activation of protein kinase C, apoptotic cell death and altered gene expression. In this paper, we have demonstrated concentration‐ and time‐dependent effects of sodium dichromate (chromium (VI) or Cr (VI)) on enhanced production of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, changes in intracellular oxidized states as determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cell death (by flow cytometry) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results were compared with the concentration-dependent effects of chromium (VI) on chronic myelogenous leukemic K562 cells and J774A.1 murine macrophage cells. Chromium (VI)‐induced enhanced production of ROS, as well as oxidative tissue and DNA damage were observed in these cells. More pronounced effect was observed on chronic myelogenous leukemic K562 cells and J774A.1 murine macrophage cells. Furthermore, we have assessed the effect of a single oral LD50 dose of chromium (VI) on female C57BL/6Ntac and p53‐deficient C57BL/6TSG p53 mice on enhanced production of superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in the hepatic and brain tissues. Chromium (VI)‐induced more pronounced oxidative damage in p53 deficient mice. This in vivo study highlighted that apoptotic regulatory protein p53 may play a major role in chromium (VI)‐induced oxidative stress and toxicity. Taken together, oxidative stress and oxidative tissue damage, and a cascade of cellular events including modulation of apoptotic regulatory gene p53 are involved in chromium (VI)‐induced toxicity and carcinogenesis.
Investigating the Impact of Gaming Habits, Gender, and Age on the Effectiveness of an Educational Video Game: An Exploratory Study

This study examines the influence of players’ age, gender, and gaming preferences and habits (from now on, “gaming preferences”) on the effectiveness of a specific videogame that has been designed to increase the interest towards classical theater among teenagers. Using a validated instrument, participants were divided into four groups based on their gaming preferences: (1) Well-rounded (WR) gamers, who play all types of games often; (2) Hardcore players, who frequently tend to play first-person shooter (FPS) and sports games; (3) Casual players, who play moderately and tend to play music, social, and puzzle games; and (4) Non-gamers, who barely play videogames at all. Among all of the participants’ personal factors (age, gender, and type of player) that were measured, only gaming preferences seemed to have a significant (p<.05) positive influence on students’ interest in theater-going. Neither age nor gender seemed to affect the outcomes. Casual and Well-rounded gamers scored higher in the game than Non-gamers and Hardcore players. Due to these results, we also explored whether the gaming profile affected traditional educational approaches. Traditional education worked better than videogames only for students who do not usually play videogames. This study suggests that gaming preferences may influence the effectiveness of different educational approaches. Knowing students’ gaming preferences in advance may help educators find the best educational approach for each student.
Reckless Behavior in Adolescence : A Developmental Perspective

A developmental theory of reckless behavior among adolescents is presented, in which sensation seeking and adolescent egocentrism are especially prominent factors. Findings from studies of automobile driving, sex without contraception, illegal drug use, and minor criminal activity are presented in evidence of this. The influence of peers is then discussed and reinterpreted in the light of sensation seeking and adolescent egocentrism. Socialization influences are considered in interaction with sensation seeking and adolescent egocentrism, and the terms narrow and broad socialization are introduced. Factors that may be responsible for the decline of reckless behavior with age are discussed.
Hemostatic Effect of the CO 2 Laser Over Excision of an Intraoral Hemangioma

Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors of the endothelial cells and characterized by increased number of normal or abnormal vessels filled with blood. Most true hemangiomas involute with time, but a certain small percentage does not, which may present with complications that require treatment. An estimated 10 to 20% of the true hemangiomas incompletely involute and require ablative treatment. Hemangiomas are probably one of the most underestimated and misunderstood vascular tumors and it is every diagnostician and clinician’s imperative to have a sound knowledge of these tumors to thus provide successful treatment to the patients. Conventional surgical excision of hemangioma can cause severe bleeding in the operative site, which on the other hand can be well controlled by the coagulative effect of the CO2 laser, by virtue of a painless vaporization of the tissue. The purpose of this case study is to understand hemangiomas and the importance and efficacy of the minimally invasive, hemostatic effect of a CO2 and little postoperative scarring and morbidity in comparison to the conventional surgical techniques.
Molecular and cell-based approaches for neuroprotection in glaucoma.

A hallmark of glaucomatous optic nerve damage is retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. RGCs, like other central nervous system neurons, have a limited capacity to survive or regenerate an axon after injury. Strategies that prevent or slow down RGC degeneration, in combination with intraocular pressure management, may be beneficial to preserve vision in glaucoma. Recent progress in neurobiological research has led to a better understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate the survival of injured RGCs. Here we discuss a variety of experimental strategies including intraocular delivery of neuroprotective molecules, viral-mediated gene transfer, cell implants and stem cell therapies, which share the ultimate goal of promoting RGC survival after optic nerve damage. The challenge now is to assess how this wealth of knowledge can be translated into viable therapies for the treatment of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
Fine-Grained Access Control in the Chirp Distributed File System

Although the distributed file system is a widely used technology in local area networks, it has seen less use on the wide area networks that connect clusters, clouds, and grids. One reason for this is access control: existing file system technologies require either the client machine to be fully trusted, or the client process to hold a high value user credential, neither of which is practical in large scale systems. To address this problem, we have designed a system for fine-grained access control which dramatically reduces the amount of trust required of a batch job accessing a distributed file system. We have implemented this system in the context of the Chirp user-level distributed file system used in clusters, clouds, and grids, but the concepts can be applied to almost any other storage system. The system is evaluated to show that performance and scalability are similar to other authentication methods. The paper concludes with a discussion of integrating the authentication system into workflow systems.
Bipolar mixed episodes and antidepressants: a cohort study of bipolar I disorder patients.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors associated with the occurrence of mixed episodes, characterized by the presence of concomitant symptoms of both affective poles, during the course of illness in bipolar I disorder patients treated with an antidepressant, as well as the role of antidepressants in the course and outcome of the disorder.



We enrolled a sample of 144 patients followed for up to 20 years in the referral Barcelona Bipolar Disorder Program and compared subjects who had experienced at least one mixed episode during the follow-up (n=60) with subjects who had never experienced a mixed episode (n=84) regarding clinical variables.



Nearly 40% of bipolar I disorder patients treated with antidepressants experienced at least one mixed episode during the course of their illness; no gender differences were found between two groups. Several differences regarding clinical variables were found between the two groups, but after performing logistic regression analysis, only suicide attempts (p<0.001), the use of serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (p=0.041), switch rates (p=0.010), and years spent ill (p=0.022) were significantly associated with the occurrence of at least one mixed episode during follow-up.



The occurrence of mixed episodes is associated with a tendency to chronicity, with a poorer outcome, a higher number of depressive episodes, and greater use of antidepressants, especially serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.
Gene Expression and Fast Construction of Distributed Evolutionary Representation

The gene expression process in nature produces different proteins in different cells from different portions of the DNA. Since proteins control almost every important activity in a living organism, at an abstract level, gene expression can be viewed as a process that evaluates the merit or fitness of the DNA. This distributed evaluation of the DNA would not be possible without a decomposed representation of the fitness function defined over the DNAs. This paper argues that, unless the living body was provided with such a representation, we have every reason to believe that it must have an efficient mechanism to construct this distributed representation. This paper demonstrates polynomial-time computability of such a representation by proposing a class of efficient algorithms. The main contribution of this paper is two-fold. On the algorithmic side, it offers a way to scale up evolutionary search by detecting the underlying structure of the search space. On the biological side, it proves that the distributed representation of the evolutionary fitness function in gene expression can be computed in polynomial-time. It advances our understanding about the representation construction in gene expression from the perspective of computing. It also presents experimental results support-ing the theoretical performance of the proposed algorithms.
Carrier aggregation and its challenges - or: The golden age for acoustic filters

With the advent of LTE-Carrier Aggregation (CA) as a means of increasing data rates in mobile device communication, a paradigm shift in the design of acoustic filters has been arising. Whereas before CA the focus of filtering has been on supporting one telecommunication band at a time, now multiple bands will have to be supported simultaneously over the same antenna. As a consequence, using switched filter banks is not an option anymore, and the only viable solution is to connect multiple Tx, Rx, and/or TDD filters to the same antenna pin. In this multiplexing configuration, several additional challenges need to be addressed when designing the individual filter components. The traditional requirements (low insertion loss, good out-of-band attenuation, tight impedance locus, good IMD behavior, power handling, and - in case of FDD bands - the highest possible Tx-Rx isolation) are no longer sufficient. Now designers also need to minimize loading of multiple filters by all the other filter's out-of-band impedance, optimize a multitude of cross-isolation requirements, and worry about a plethora of nonlinear mixing products (IMDx). This presentation provides an overview of these new challenges and discusses strategies to address some of them. Case studies will be reviewed and the next challenges lurking behind the horizon will be revealed.
Adapting a parallel sparse direct solver to architectures with clusters of SMPs

We consider the direct solution of general sparse linear systems baseds on a multifrontal method. The approach combines partial static scheduling of the task dependency graph during the symbolic factorization and distributed dynamic scheduling during the numerical factorization to balance the work among the processes of a distributed memory computer. We show that to address clusters of Symmetric Multi-Processor (SMP) architectures, and more generally non-uniform memory access multiprocessors, our algorithms for both the static and the dynamic scheduling need to be revisited to take account of the non-uniform cost of communication. The performance analysis on an IBM SP3 with 16 processors per SMP node and up to 128 processors shows that we can significantly reduce both the amount of inter-node communication and the solution time.
Case report and review of the literature: Secretory breast cancer in a 13-year-old boy—10 years of follow up

Carcinoma of the breast is very rare in childhood, accounting for less than 1% of all childhood malignancies and is especially rare in boys. Delay in diagnosis and treatment in children with breast cancer may occur because surgeons are very reluctant to perform biopsies on the developing breast, since these can cause future deformity. We report a case of male secretory breast carcinoma in a 13-year-old boy. Radical mastectomy was performed followed by chemotherapy. The patient is free of disease after 10 years. Secretory breast carcinoma (SBC) is the commonest type of breast carcinoma in children. In this article, we discuss the diagnosis and treatment options for breast cancer among children as well as features of SBC, based on a literature review.
Locomotion patterns of a vermicular robot

Microbionic robots are used to access small tedious spaces with high maneuverability. These robots are employed in surveying and inspection of pipelines as well as tracking and examination of animal or human body during surgical activities. Relatively bigger and powerful robots are used for searching people trapped under wreckages and dirt after disasters. In order to achieve high maneuverability and to tackle various critical scenarios, a novel design of multi-segment Vermicular Robot is proposed with an adaptable actuation mechanism. Owing to the 3 Degrees of freedom (Dof) actuation mechanism, it will not only have faster forward motion but its full hemispherical turning capability would allow the robot to sharply steer as well as lift with smaller radii. The Robot will have the capability to simultaneously follow peristaltic motion (elongation/retraction) as well as looper motion (lifting body up/down). The paper presents locomotion patterns of the Vermicular Robot having Canfield actuation mechanism and highlights various scenarios in order to avoid obstacles en-route.