nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Assessment of Critical Thinking in Pharmacy Students

The purpose of this study was to describe changes in critical thinking ability and disposition over a 4-year Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum.  Two standardized tests, the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) and California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI) were used to follow the development of critical thinking ability and disposition during a 4-year professional pharmacy program. The tests were given to all pharmacy students admitted to the PharmD program at the College of Pharmacy of North Dakota State University (NDSU) on the first day of classes, beginning in 1997, and repeated late in the spring semester each year thereafter.  Increases in CCTST scores were noted as students progressed through each year of the curriculum, with a 14% total increase by graduation (P< 0.001). That the increase was from a testing effect is unlikely because students who took a different version at graduation scored no differently than students who took the original version. There was no increase in CCTDI score.  The generic critical thinking ability of pharmacy students at NDSU’s College of Pharmacy appeared to increase over the course of the program, while their motivation to think critically did not appear to increase.
Active learning for semantic segmentation with expected change

We address the problem of semantic segmentation: classifying each pixel in an image according to the semantic class it belongs to (e.g. dog, road, car). Most existing methods train from fully supervised images, where each pixel is annotated by a class label. To reduce the annotation effort, recently a few weakly supervised approaches emerged. These require only image labels indicating which classes are present. Although their performance reaches a satisfactory level, there is still a substantial gap between the accuracy of fully and weakly supervised methods. We address this gap with a novel active learning method specifically suited for this setting. We model the problem as a pairwise CRF and cast active learning as finding its most informative nodes. These nodes induce the largest expected change in the overall CRF state, after revealing their true label. Our criterion is equivalent to maximizing an upper-bound on accuracy gain. Experiments on two data-sets show that our method achieves 97% percent of the accuracy of the corresponding fully supervised model, while querying less than 17% of the (super-)pixel labels.
A CMOS 3.3-8.4 GHz wide tuning range, low phase noise LC VCO

A novel inductor switching technique is used to design and implement a wideband LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in 0.13µm CMOS. The VCO has a tuning range of 87.2% between 3.3 and 8.4 GHz with phase noise ranging from −122 to −117.2 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset. The power varies between 6.5 and 15.4 mW over the tuning range. This results in a Power-Frequency-Tuning Normalized figure of merit (PFTN) between 6.6 and 10.2 dB which is one of the best reported to date.
EXTENDED COMPLEX HUMAN MOTION SYNTHESIS

We present a real-time method for synthesizing highly complex human motions using a novel training regime we call the auto-conditioned Recurrent Neural Network (acRNN). Recently, researchers have attempted to synthesize new motion by using autoregressive techniques, but existing methods tend to freeze or diverge after a couple of seconds due to an accumulation of errors that are fed back into the network. Furthermore, such methods have only been shown to be reliable for relatively simple human motions, such as walking or running. In contrast, our approach can synthesize arbitrary motions with highly complex styles, including dances or martial arts in addition to locomotion. The acRNN is able to accomplish this by explicitly accommodating for autoregressive noise accumulation during training. Our work is the first to our knowledge that demonstrates the ability to generate over 18,000 continuous frames (300 seconds) of new complex human motion w.r.t. different styles.
International consensus guidelines for the management of IPMN and MCN of the pancreas.

The international consensus guidelines for management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas established in 2006 have increased awareness and improved the management of these entities. During the subsequent 5 years, a considerable amount of information has been added to the literature. Based on a consensus symposium held during the 14th meeting of the International Association of Pancreatology in Fukuoka, Japan, in 2010, the working group has generated newguidelines. Since the levels of evidence for all items addressed in these guidelines are low, being 4 or 5, we still have to designate them “consensus”, rather than “evidence-based”, guidelines. To simplify the entire guidelines, we have adopted a statement format that differs from the 2006 guidelines, although the headings are similar to the previous guidelines, i.e., classification, investigation, indications for and methods of resection and other treatments, histological aspects, and methods of follow-up. The present guidelines include recent information and recommendations based on our current understanding, and highlight issues that remain controversial and areas where further research is required.
A Lightweight Music Texture Transfer System

Deep learning researches on the transformation problems for image and text have raised great attention. However, present methods for music feature transfer using neural networks are far from practical application. In this paper, we initiate a novel system for transferring the texture of music, and release it as an open source project. Its core algorithm is composed of a converter which represents sounds as texture spectra, a corresponding reconstructor and a feed-forward transfer network. We evaluate this system from multiple perspectives, and experimental results reveal that it achieves convincing results in both sound effects and computational performance.
School-based approaches for preventing and treating obesity

Schools have the potential to make valuable contributions to both the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. This article reviews the research on school-based interventions to prevent and treat obesity. A literature search from 1965 to the present on school-based treatment of obesity, identified 11 controlled experimental studies. The results show positive, though modest short-term results. Relatively few primary prevention research studies, targeted specifically to preventing obesity, have been conducted. Therefore, efficacy has not been established. Both primary and secondary obesity interventions have a role in schools. A comprehensive, integrated model for school-based obesity prevention is presented. This model, building upon the comprehensive school health program model, consists of eight interacting components: health instruction; health services; school environment; food service; school-site health promotion for faculty and staff; social support services; physical education classes; and integrated and linked family and community health promotion efforts. While multi-faceted community-wide efforts are needed to address the growing problem of obesity, schools are in a unique position to play a pivotal role in promoting healthy lifestyles and helping to prevent obesity.
Feeding practices and nutritional status of infants in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania.

Breast feeding practice especially exclusive breast feeding (EBF) is a major determinant of child growth and development. In Tanzania, most women breastfeed their infants for long periods, but many introduce alternative feeding too early in life. The objective of this study was to determine factors affecting EBF and the relationship between feeding practices and the nutritional status of infants. This cross-sectional survey, using a semi-structured questionnaire, was conducted in Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania. The study involved lactating women recruited from five randomly selected health facilities. Demographic, clinical, knowledge and practices related to infant feeding as well as infant anthropometric information were collected. Infant nutritional status was assessed based on weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight- for- height. There were wide variations in knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among women. Majority (92%) of the respondents gave colostrums to infants although more than 50% did not know its benefits. Eight percent of the respondents discarded colostrums on the account that it is not good for their neonates. Only 23.1% of the respondents thought that infants should be breastfed exclusively during the first six months of infancy. Ninety-eight percent of infants < 1 month of age received breast milk only, compared with 28.5% of infants aged 2-3 months and 22.3% among those who were above 3 months of age. No child in the ≥ 4 months old was exclusively breastfed. Over 80% of the infants had normal weights, 13% were stunted and 8% wasted. EBF was associated with higher scores for height- for- age Z (P < 0.05) and weight- for- height Z (P < 0.01). Age, education level and occupation of respondents were important predictors of EBF. Overall, breast feeding practices in the study population were largely suboptimal. As a result, considerable proportions of children had poor health indicators. Thus, correct breastfeeding practices should be supported and promoted to improve the well-being of children.
Compact Frequency-Reconfigurable Slot Antenna for Wireless Applications

A compact frequency-reconfigurable slot antenna for LTE (2.3 GHz), AMT-fixed service (4.5 GHz), and WLAN (5.8 GHz) applications is proposed in this letter. A U-shaped slot with short ends and an L-shaped slot with open ends are etched in the ground plane to realize dual-band operation. By inserting two p-i-n diodes inside the slots, easy reconfigurability of three frequency bands over a frequency ratio of 2.62:1 can be achieved. In order to reduce the cross polarization of the antenna, another L-shaped slot is introduced symmetrically. Compared to the conventional reconfigurable slot antenna, the size of the antenna is reduced by 32.5%. Simulated and measured results show that the antenna can switch between two single-band modes (2.3 and 5.8 GHz) and two dual-band modes (2.3/4.5 and 4.5/5.8 GHz). Also, stable radiation patterns are obtained.
Tag recommendation method in folksonomy based on user tagging status

A folksonomy consists of three basic entities, namely users, tags and resources. This kind of social tagging system is a good way to index information, facilitate searches and navigate resources. The main objective of this paper is to present a novel method to improve the quality of tag recommendation. According to the statistical analysis, we find that the total number of tags used by a user changes over time in a social tagging system. Thus, this paper introduces the concept of user tagging status, namely the growing status, the mature status and the dormant status. Then, the determining user tagging status algorithm is presented considering a user’s current tagging status to be one of the three tagging status at one point. Finally, three corresponding strategies are developed to compute the tag probability distribution based on the statistical language model in order to recommend tags most likely to be used by users. Experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the compared methods at the accuracy of tag recommendation.
Neuromodulation for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Neuromodulation shows increasing promise in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, particularly obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Development of tools and techniques including deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy may yield additional options for patients who fail to respond to standard treatments. This article reviews the motivation for and use of these treatments in OCD. We begin with a brief description of the illness followed by discussion of the circuit models thought to underlie the disorder. These circuits provide targets for intervention. Basal ganglia and talamocortical pathophysiology, including cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops is a focus of this discussion. Neuroimaging findings and historical treatments that led to the use of neuromodulation for OCD are presented. We then present evidence from neuromodulation studies using deep brain stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, with targets including nucleus accumbens, subthalamic nucleus inferior thalamic peduncle, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and orbitofrontal cortex. Finally, we explore potential future neuromodulation approaches that may further refine and improve treatment.
LUNG SEGMENTATION IN DIGITAL CHEST X-RAY IMAGES USING GRAPH CUT OPTIMIZATION METHOD

Chest X-Ray are Gray scale images used to diagnose or monitor treatment for conditions of pneumonia, emphysema, lung cancer, line and tube placement and tuberculosis by Physicians. This work is an attempt to extract the Lung Boundary so that it can trace severity of any infection and it is divided into three segments. 1. Content-based image retrieval approach for identifying training images (with masks) most similar to the patient CXR using a partial Radon transform and Bhattacharyya shape similarity measure. 2. Creating the initial patient-specific anatomical model of lung shape using SIFT-flow for deformable registration. 3. Extracting refined lung boundaries using a graph cuts optimization approach with a customized energy function. In earlier approach the accuracy rate was 95.4%. By combining the Integral values, this work tries to increase the accuracy level by 97.5%. This is done by optimizing the graph cut values. This research work will help the Doctors to identify the severity of the infection with the chest X-Ray image itself, instead of going for other expensive diagnosis tests.
Literature Review on Ergonomics Risk Aspects Association to the Power Loom Industry

The purpose of this paper is to examine and overview the issue of workspace for efficient and safe working environment, also enhance the awareness of the ergonomics venture circumstances in relation of human and their nature of work which may occur in the power loom industry and to make recommendations for quality criteria in ergonomic interventions research. To avoid ambiguity in terminology a list of definitions of the ergonomic is highlighted. Based on the literature, the most significant ergonomic risk aspects are awkward posture in handling job task, force and repetition of specific movement including vibration and noise. Other ergonomics risk aspects includes uncomfortable static position, contact stress of muscles and tendon and also extreme temperature and environment conditions, this increase stress level which is significantly related with musculosketal disorders, effective ergonomic interventions for improved musculoskeletal health in the workplace. This study will enhance the awareness of the risk aspects related to working postures, system layout and working environment which may occur in the power loom industry.
Dietary polyphenols as potential nutraceuticals in management of diabetes: a review

In recent years, there is growing evidence that plant-foods polyphenols, due to their biological properties, may be unique nutraceuticals and supplementary treatments for various aspects of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this article we have reviewed the potential efficacies of polyphenols, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, lignans and polymeric lignans, on metabolic disorders and complications induced by diabetes. Based on several in vitro, animal models and some human studies, dietary plant polyphenols and polyphenol-rich products modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, attenuate hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, improve adipose tissue metabolism, and alleviate oxidative stress and stress-sensitive signaling pathways and inflammatory processes. Polyphenolic compounds can also prevent the development of long-term diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Further investigations as human clinical studies are needed to obtain the optimum dose and duration of supplementation with polyphenolic compounds in diabetic patients.
Simple High-Performance Metal-Plating Procedure for Stereolithographically 3-D-Printed Waveguide Components

This letter presents a simple and cheap metal-plating procedure for plastic 3-D printed microwave components. The devices are built using a Stereolithographic printer and then metalized by a two-step process consisting in a silver-painted substrate followed by copper electrodeposition. The method achieves good adhesion of the metal to the plastic body and high conductivity. Resonators and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band filters have been fabricated and tested, showing excellent performance in terms of dimensional accuracy and low loss, with quality factors better than 6500. The technique can be usefully employed for fast and cheap prototyping of microwave components at least up to the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band.
Design Considerations of a Straight Bladed Darrieus Rotor for River Current Turbines

Hydrokinetic turbines convert kinetic energy of moving river or tide water into electrical energy. In this work, design considerations of river current turbines are discussed with emphasis on straight bladed Darrieus rotors. Fluid dynamic analysis is carried out to predict the performance of the rotor. Discussions on a broad range of physical and operational conditions that may impact the design scenario are also presented. In addition, a systematic design procedure along with supporting information that would aid various decision making steps are outlined and illustrated by a design example. Finally, the scope for further work is highlighted
Quantum computing and communication

A quantum computer, if built, will be to an ordinary computer as a hydrogen bomb is to gunpowder, at least for some types of computations. Today no quantum computer exists, beyond laboratory prototypes capable of solving only tiny problems, and many practical problems remain to be solved. Yet the theory of quantum computing has advanced significantly in the past decade, and is becoming a significant discipline in itself. This article explains the concepts and basic mathematics behind quantum computers and some of the promising approaches for building them. We also discuss quantum communication, an essential component of future quantum information processing, and quantum cryptography, widely expected to be the first practical application for quantum information technology.
Vulnerability of Remote Keyless-Entry Systems Against Pulsed Electromagnetic Interference and Possible Improvements

Remote keyless-entry systems are systems that are widely used to control access to vehicles or buildings. The system is increasingly secured against hacking attacks by use of encryption and code algorithms. However, there are effective hacker attacks that rely on jamming the wireless link from the key fob to the receiver, while the attacker is able to receive the signal from the key fob. In this paper, we show that typical envelope receivers that are often used in remote keyless-entry systems are highly vulnerable to pulsed interference as compared to continuous interference. The effects of pulsed interference on envelope detectors are analyzed through both simulations and measurements. An improved receiver design would use synchronous receivers instead, which are not very sensitive against pulsed interference.
A Multi-lingual Multi-task Architecture for Low-resource Sequence Labeling

We propose a multi-lingual multi-task architecture to develop supervised models with a minimal amount of labeled data for sequence labeling. In this new architecture, we combine various transfer models using two layers of parameter sharing. On the first layer, we construct the basis of the architecture to provide universal word representation and feature extraction capability for all models. On the second level, we adopt different parameter sharing strategies for different transfer schemes. This architecture proves to be particularly effective for low-resource settings, when there are less than 200 training sentences for the target task. Using Name Tagging as a target task, our approach achieved 4.3%-50.5% absolute Fscore gains compared to the mono-lingual single-task baseline model.
Therapeutic genome editing: prospects and challenges

Recent advances in the development of genome editing technologies based on programmable nucleases have substantially improved our ability to make precise changes in the genomes of eukaryotic cells. Genome editing is already broadening our ability to elucidate the contribution of genetics to disease by facilitating the creation of more accurate cellular and animal models of pathological processes. A particularly tantalizing application of programmable nucleases is the potential to directly correct genetic mutations in affected tissues and cells to treat diseases that are refractory to traditional therapies. Here we discuss current progress toward developing programmable nuclease–based therapies as well as future prospects and challenges.
Hairpin bandpass filter with tunable center frequency and tunable bandwidth based on screen printed ferroelectric varactors

This paper presents a twofold tunable planar hairpin filter to simultaneously control center frequency and bandwidth. Tunability is achieved by using functional thick film layers of the ferroelectric material Barium-Strontium-Titanate (BST). The center frequency of the filter is adjusted by varactors which are loading the hairpin resonators. Coupling varactors between the hairpin resonators enable the control of the bandwidth. The proposed filter structure is designed for a center frequency range from 650 MHz to 920 MHz and a bandwidth between 25 MHz and 85 MHz. This covers the specifications of the lower GSM bands. The functionality of the design is experimentally validated and confirmed by simulation results.
Animation, visualization, and interaction in CS 1 assignments

Programs that use animations or visualizations attract student interest and offer feedback that can enhance different learning styles as students work to master programming and problem solving. In this paper we report on several CS 1 assignments we have used successfully at Duke University to introduce or reinforce control constructs, elementary data structures, and object-based programming. All the assignments involve either animations by which we mean graphical displays that evolve over time, or visualizations which include static display of graphical images. The animations do not require extensive programming by students since students use classes and code that we provide to hide much of the complexity that drives the animations. In addition to generating enthusiasm, we believe the animations assist with mastering the debugging process.