nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Moving Object Detection using Background Subtraction, Shadow Removal and Post Processing

In many vision based application identifying moving objects is important and critical task. For different computer vision application Background subtraction is fast way to detect moving object. Background subtraction separates the foreground from background. However, background subtraction is unable to remove shadow from foreground. Moving cast shadow associated with moving object also gets detected making it challenge for video surveillance. The shadow makes it difficult to detect the exact shape of object and to recognize the object.
The Clinical Use of Ivabradine.

The clinical use of ivabradine has and continues to evolve along channels that are predicated on its mechanism of action. It selectively inhibits the funny current (If) in sinoatrial nodal tissue, resulting in a decrease in the rate of diastolic depolarization and, consequently, the heart rate, a mechanism that is distinct from those of other negative chronotropic agents. Thus, it has been evaluated and is used in select patients with systolic heart failure and chronic stable angina without clinically significant adverse effects. Although not approved for other indications, ivabradine has also shown promise in the management of inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Here, the authors review the mechanism of action of ivabradine and salient studies that have led to its current clinical indications and use.
The psychology of cosmetic surgery: a review and reconceptualization.

This article discusses the psychology of cosmetic surgery. A review of the research on the psychological characteristics of individuals who seek cosmetic surgery yielded contradictory findings. Interview-based investigations revealed high levels of psychopathology in cosmetic surgery patients, whereas studies that used standardized measurements reported far less disturbance. It is difficult to fully resolve the discrepancy between these two sets of findings. We believe that investigating the construct of body image in cosmetic surgery patients will yield more useful findings. Thus, we propose a model of the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and cosmetic surgery and outline a research agenda based upon the model. Such research will generate information that is useful to the medical and mental health communities and, ultimately, the patients themselves.
Urethral Dilatation, Ectopic Testis, Hypoplasia Penis, and Phimosis in A Kilis Goat Kid

A 6-day-old, male, Kilis goat kid with complaints of poor sucking reflex, dysuria, and swelling on the scrotal area was referred and it began to urinate when the sac was pressed on. On the clinical examination of the kid, it was observed that the urethral orifice and process narrowed down. Skin laid between anus-scrotum did not close fully on the ventral line. The most important finding was the penile urethral dilatation, which caused the fluctuating swelling on the scrotal region. Phimosis and two ectopic testis were also found on the right and left side in front of the preputium. There were no pathological changes in the hematological and urine analyses. Urethral diverticulum was treated by urethrostomy and hypoplasia of penis was noted during operation. No treatment for hypoplasia penis, phimosis and ectopic testis was performed. Postoperatively, kid healed and urination via urethral fistula without any complications was observed.
ZebraLancer: Private and Anonymous Crowdsourcing System atop Open Blockchain

We design and implement the first private and anonymous decentralized crowdsourcing system ZebraLancer, and overcome two fundamental challenges of decentralizing crowdsourcing, i.e. data leakage and identity breach. First, our outsource-then-prove methodology resolves the tension between blockchain transparency and data confidentiality, which is critical in crowdsourcing use-case. ZebraLancer ensures: (i) a requester will not pay more than what data deserve, according to a policy announced when her task is published via the blockchain; (ii) each worker indeed gets a payment based on the policy, if he submits data to the blockchain; (iii) the above properties are realized not only without a central arbiter, but also without leaking the data to the open blockchain. Furthermore, the transparency of blockchain allows one to infer private information about workers and requesters through their participation history. On the other hand, allowing anonymity will enable a malicious worker to submit multiple times to reap rewards. ZebraLancer overcomes this problem by allowing anonymous requests/submissions without sacrificing the accountability. The idea behind is a subtle linkability: if a worker submits twice to a task, anyone can link the submissions, or else he stays anonymous and unlinkable across tasks. To realize this delicate linkability, we put forward a novel cryptographic concept, i.e. the common-prefix-linkable anonymous authentication. We remark the new anonymous authentication scheme might be of independent interest. Finally, we implement our protocol for a common image annotation task and deploy it in a test net of Ethereum. The experiment results show the applicability of our protocol with the existing real-world blockchain.
Scalable and cost-efficient algorithms for VNF chaining and placement problem

This paper focuses on placement and chaining of virtualized network functions (VNFs) in Network Function Virtualization Infrastructures (NFVI) for emerging software networks serving multiple tenants. Tenants can request network services to the NFVI in the form of service function chains (in the IETF SFC sense) or VNF Forwarding Graphs (VNF-FG in the case of ETSI) in support of their applications and business. This paper presents efficient algorithms to provide solutions to this NP-Hard chain placement problem to support NFVI providers. Cost-efficient and improved scalability multi-stage graph and 2-Factor algorithms are presented and shown to find near-optimal solutions in few seconds for large instances.
Opinion mining of movie reviews at document level

The whole world is changed rapidly and using the current technologies Internet becomes an essential need for everyone. Web is used in every field. Most of the people use web for a common purpose like online shopping, chatting etc. During an online shopping large number of reviews/opinions are given by the users that reflect whether the product is good or bad. These reviews need to be explored, analyse and organized for better decision making.  Mining is a natural language processing task that deals with finding orientation of opinion in a piece of text with respect to a topic. In this paper a document based opinion mining system is proposed that classify the documents as positive, negative and neutral. Negation is also handled in the proposed system. Experimental results using reviews of movies show the effectiveness of the system.
Agile Development Iterations and UI Design

Many agile projects require user interaction (UI) design, but the integration of UI design into agile development is not well understood. This is because both agile development and UI design are iterative - but while agile methods iterate on code with iterations lasting weeks, UI designs typically iterate only on the user interface using low technology prototypes with iterations lasting hours or days. Similarly, both agile development and UI design emphasise testing, but agile development involves automated code testing, while UI must done by expert inspectors or ideally potential end users. We report on a qualitative grounded theory study of real agile projects involving significant UI design. The key results from our study are that agile iterations facilitates usability testing; allows software developers to incorporate results of those tests into subsequent iterations; and crucially, can significantly improve the quality of the relationship between UI designers and software developers.
Vessel Crawlers: 3D Physically-based Deformable Organisms for Vasculature Segmentation and Analysis

We present a novel approach to the segmentation and analysis of vasculature from volumetric medical image data. Our method is an adoption and significant extension of deformable organisms, an artificial life framework for medical image analysis that complements classical deformable models with high-level, anatomically-driven control mechanisms. We extend deformable organisms to 3D, model their bodies as tubular spring-mass systems, and equip them with a new repertoire of sensory modules, behavioral routines, and decision making strategies. The result is a new breed of robust deformable organisms, vessel crawlers, that crawl along vasculature in 3D images, accurately segmenting vessel boundaries, detecting and exploring bifurcations, and providing sophisticated, clinically-relevant structural analysis. We validate our method through the segmentation and analysis of vascular structures in both noisy synthetic and real medical image data.
Don’t miss patients with atypical FMR1 mutations: dysmorphism and clinical features in a boy with a partially methylated FMR1 full mutation

Fragile X syndrome characterized by intellectual disability (ID), facial dysmorphism, and postpubertal macroorchidism is the most common monogenic cause of ID. It is typically induced by an expansion of a CGG repeat in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene on Xq27 to more than 200 repeats. Only rarely patients have atypical mutations in the FMR1 gene such as point mutations, deletions, or unmethylated/partially methylated full mutations. Most of these patients show a minor phenotype or even appear clinically healthy. Here, we report the dysmorphism and clinical features of a 17-year-old boy with a partially methylated full mutation of approximately 250 repeats. Diagnosis was made subsequently to the evaluation of a FMR1 premutation as the cause for maternal premature ovarian failure. Dysmorphic evaluation revealed no strikingly long face, no prominent forehead/frontal bossing, no prominent mandible, no macroorchidism, and a head circumference in the lower normal range. Acquisition of a driving license for mopeds and unaccompanied rides by public transport in his home province indicate rather mild ID (IQ = 58).  This adolescent demonstrates that apart from only minor ID, patients with a partially methylated FMR1 full mutation present less to absent pathognomonic facial dysmorphism, thus emphasizing the impact of family history for a straightforward clinical diagnosis.
Urban transport crisis in India

Indian cities face a transport crisis characterized by levels of congestion, noise, pollution, traffic fatalities and injuries, and inequity far exceeding those in most European and North American cities. India's transport crisis has been exacerbated by the extremely rapid growth of India's largest cities in a context of low incomes, limited and outdated transport infrastructure, rampant suburban sprawl, sharply rising motor vehicle ownership and use, deteriorating bus services, a wide range of motorized and non-motorized transport modes sharing roadways, and inadequate as well as uncoordinated land use and transport planning. This article summarizes key trends in India's transport system and travel behavior, analyzes the extent and causes of the most severe problems, and recommends nine policy improvements that would help mitigate India's urban transport crisis. a b Purchase Export
Relationship between the domains of the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale, satisfaction with food-related life and happiness in university students.

To characterize types of university students based on satisfaction with life domains that affect eating habits, satisfaction with food-related life and subjective happiness.



A questionnaire was applied to a nonrandom sample of 305 students of both genders in five universities in Chile. The questionnaire included the abbreviated Multidimensional Student's Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life Scale (SWFL) and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). Eating habits, frequency of food consumption in and outside the place of residence, approximate height and weight and sociodemographic variables were measured.



Using factor analysis, the five-domain structure of the MSLSS was confirmed with 26 of the 30 items of the abbreviated version: Family, Friends, Self, Environment and University. Using cluster analysis four types of students were distinguished that differ significantly in the MSLSS global and domain scores, SWFL and SHS scores, gender, ownership of a food allowance card funded by the Chilean government, importance attributed to food for well-being and socioeconomic status.



Higher levels of life satisfaction and happiness are associated with greater satisfaction with food-related life. Other major life domains that affect students' subjective well-being are Family, Friends, University and Self. Greater satisfaction in some domains may counterbalance the lower satisfaction in others.
Disintegration and Bayesian Inversion, Both Abstractly and Concretely

The notions of disintegration and Bayesian inversion are fundamental in conditional probability theory. They produce channels, as conditional probabilities, from a joint state, or from an already given channel (in opposite direction). These notions exist in the literature, in concrete situations, but are presented here in abstract graphical formulations. The resulting abstract descriptions are used for proving basic results in conditional probability theory. The existence of disintegration and Bayesian inversion is discussed for discrete probability, and also for measure-theoretic probability — via standard Borel spaces and via likelihoods. Finally, the usefulness of disintegration and Bayesian inversion is illustrated in several non-trivial examples.
ESCRT-III polymers in membrane neck constriction.

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III machinery contributes to membrane deformation and scission in cytokinesis, intraluminal vesicle formation, autophagy and virus budding. Recombinant ESCRT-III subunits polymerize in vitro into filaments, tubes, sheets or rings, and ESCRT-III-dependent filaments have been observed in cells at virus bud necks and at the cytokinetic abscission site. These observations have inspired speculation about how ESCRT-III could mediate constriction and fission of membrane necks. Based on the polymer structures observed in vitro and in vivo, we discuss models for ESCRT-III function and outline how emerging technologies could be used to test these models.
You Can't Stay Here: The Efficacy of Reddit's 2015 Ban Examined Through Hate Speech

In 2015, Reddit closed several subreddits-foremost among them r/fatpeoplehate and r/CoonTown-due to violations of Reddit's anti-harassment policy. However, the effectiveness of banning as a moderation approach remains unclear: banning might diminish hateful behavior, or it may relocate such behavior to different parts of the site. We study the ban of r/fatpeoplehate and r/CoonTown in terms of its effect on both participating users and affected subreddits. Working from over 100M Reddit posts and comments, we generate hate speech lexicons to examine variations in hate speech usage via causal inference methods. We find that the ban worked for Reddit. More accounts than expected discontinued using the site; those that stayed drastically decreased their hate speech usage-by at least 80%. Though many subreddits saw an influx of r/fatpeoplehate and r/CoonTown "migrants," those subreddits saw no significant changes in hate speech usage. In other words, other subreddits did not inherit the problem. We conclude by reflecting on the apparent success of the ban, discussing implications for online moderation, Reddit and internet communities more broadly.
Ivy: A Read/Write Peer-to-Peer File System

Ivy is a multi-user read/write peer-to-peer file system. Ivy has no centralized or dedicated components, and it provides useful integrity properties without requiring users to fully trust either the underlying peer-to-peer storage system or the other users of the file system.An Ivy file system consists solely of a set of logs, one log per participant. Ivy stores its logs in the DHash distributed hash table. Each participant finds data by consuiting all logs, but performs modifications by appending only to its own log. This arrangement allows Ivy to maintain meta-data consistency without locking. Ivy users can choose which other logs to trust, an appropriate arrangement in a semi-open peer-to-peer system.Ivy presents applications with a conventional file system interface. When the underlying network is fully connected, Ivy provides NFS-like semantics, such as close-to-open consistency. Ivy detects conflicting modifications made during a partition, and provides relevant version information to application-specific conflict resolvers. Performance measurements on a wide-area network show that Ivy is two to three times slower than NFS.
SPACE VECTOR MODULATION BASED TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION MINIMIZATION IN INDUCTION MOTOR

The most popular and best modulation method used among Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique is Space Vector Modulation (SVM) method. SVM generates low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and it is well suitable for motor control. Harmonics is one of the major power quality issues occurring in most of the application. SVM holds the major advantage that only one switch is turned on at a time.The proposed model shows the effect of eliminating the lower order harmonics in SVM. MATLAB/Simulink is used develop the model. KeywordsSpace Vector Modulation, Inverters, Total Harmonic Distortion
Nonlinear principal components analysis: introduction and application.

The authors provide a didactic treatment of nonlinear (categorical) principal components analysis (PCA). This method is the nonlinear equivalent of standard PCA and reduces the observed variables to a number of uncorrelated principal components. The most important advantages of nonlinear over linear PCA are that it incorporates nominal and ordinal variables and that it can handle and discover nonlinear relationships between variables. Also, nonlinear PCA can deal with variables at their appropriate measurement level; for example, it can treat Likert-type scales ordinally instead of numerically. Every observed value of a variable can be referred to as a category. While performing PCA, nonlinear PCA converts every category to a numeric value, in accordance with the variable's analysis level, using optimal quantification. The authors discuss how optimal quantification is carried out, what analysis levels are, which decisions have to be made when applying nonlinear PCA, and how the results can be interpreted. The strengths and limitations of the method are discussed. An example applying nonlinear PCA to empirical data using the program CATPCA ( 2004) is provided.
Kinematic and dynamic modelling of UR5 manipulator

UR robotic arms are from a series of lightweight, fast, easy to program, flexible, and safe robotic arms with 6 degrees of freedom. The fairly open control structure and low level programming access with high control bandwidth have made them of interest for many researchers. This paper presents a complete set of mathematical kinematic and dynamic, Matlab, and Simmechanics models for the UR5 robot. The accuracy of the developed mathematical models are demonstrated through kinematic and dynamic analysis. The Simmechanics model is developed based on these models to provide high quality visualisation of this robot for simulation of it in Matlab environment. The models are developed for public access and readily usable in Matlab environment. A position control system has been developed to demonstrate the use of the models and for cross validation purpose.
Depression or menopause? Presentation and management of major depressive disorder in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

The purpose of this review was to examine the risk of depression onset in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, discuss the importance and rationale for screening for major depressive disorder (MDD) in women in the menopausal transition, and review therapeutic options for management of MDD in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.



PubMed was searched (1970 to 2008) using combinations of the following terms: major depressive disorder, perimenopause, postmenopause, mood disorder, risk factors, reproductive period, family practice, differential diagnosis, hormone, estrogen replacement therapy, reuptake inhibitors, and neurotransmitter.



All relevant articles identified via the search terms reporting original data and published in English were considered for inclusion. Twenty-two cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were utilized to evaluate the relationship between the menopausal transition and risk of mood disorders and to formulate recommendations for screening and management of MDD in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.



RESEARCH STUDIES UTILIZED THE FOLLOWING  postal questionnaires, Women's Health Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale, Modified Menopause Symptom Inventory, 12-item symptom questionnaire, or Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.



Menopause is a normal, and for most women largely uneventful, part of life. For some women, however, the menopausal transition is a period of biologic vulnerability with noticeable physiologic, psychological, and somatic symptoms. The perimenopausal period is associated with a higher vulnerability for depression, with risk rising from early to late perimenopause and decreasing during postmenopause. Women with a history of depression are up to 5 times more likely to have a MDD diagnosis during this time period.



Routine screening of this at-risk population followed by careful assessment for depressive symptoms can help identify the presence of MDD in the menopausal transition. Recognition of menopausal symptoms, with or without depression, is important given their potential impact on quality of life.
Data Plane and Control Architectures for 5G Transport Networks

Next generation 5G mobile system will support the vision of connecting all devices that benefit from a connection, and support a wide range of services. Consequently, 5G transport networks need to provide the required capacity, latency, and flexibility in order to integrate the different technology domains of radio, transport, and cloud. This paper outlines the main challenges, which the 5G transport networks are facing and discusses in more detail data plane, control architectures, and the tradeoff between different network abstraction models.
Identifying Word Correspondences in Parallel Texts

Researchers in both machine translation (e.g., Brown et a/, 1990) arm bilingual lexicography (e.g., Klavans and Tzoukermarm, 1990) have recently become interested in studying parallel texts (also known as bilingual corpora), bodies of text such as the Canadian Hansards (parliamentary debates) which are available in multiple languages (such as French and English). Much of the current excitement surrounding parallel texts was initiated by Brown et aL (1990), who outline a selforganizing method for using these parallel texts to build a machine translation system.
3D Printing Pneumatic Device Controls with Variable Activation Force Capabilities

We explore 3D printing physical controls whose tactile response can be manipulated programmatically through pneumatic actuation. In particular, by manipulating the internal air pressure of various pneumatic elements, we can create mechanisms that require different levels of actuation force and can also change their shape. We introduce and discuss a series of example 3D printed pneumatic controls, which demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. This includes conventional controls, such as buttons, knobs and sliders, but also extends to domains such as toys and deformable interfaces. We describe the challenges that we faced and the methods that we used to overcome some of the limitations of current 3D printing technology. We conclude with example applications and thoughts on future avenues of research.