nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Calibration and Occlusion Handling Algorithms for Lane Tracking

An approach of rapidly computing the projective width of lanes is presented to predict the projective positions and widths of lanes. The Lane Marking Extraction Finite State Machine is designed to extract points with features of lane markings in the image, and a cubic B-spline is adopted to conduct curve fitting to reconstruct road geometry. A statistical search algorithm is also proposed to correctly and adaptively determine thresholds under various kinds of illumination conditions. Furthermore, the parameters of the camera in a moving car may change with the vibration, so a dynamic calibration algorithm is applied to calibrate camera parameters and lane widths with the information of lane projection. Moreover, a fuzzy logic is applied to determine the situation of occlusion. Finally, a region-of-interest determination strategy is developed to reduce the search region and to make the detection more robust with respect to the occlusion on the lane markings or complicated changes of curves and road boundaries.
Using Factor Analysis to Generate Clusters of Agile Practices (A Guide for Agile Process Improvement)

In this paper, factor analysis is applied on a set of data that was collected to study the effectiveness of 58 different agile practices. The analysis extracted 15 factors, each was associated with a list of practices. These factors with the associated practices can be used as a guide for agile process improvement. Correlations between the extracted factors were calculated, and the significant correlation findings suggested that people who applied iterative and incremental development and quality assurance practices had a high success rate, that communication with the customer was not very popular as it had negative correlations with governance and iterative and incremental development. Also, people who applied governance practices also applied quality assurance practices. Interestingly success rate related negatively with traditional analysis methods such as Gantt chart and detailed requirements specification.
When the Dike Breaks: Dissecting DNS Defenses During DDoS

The Internet's Domain Name System (DNS) is a frequent target of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks, but such attacks have had very different outcomes---some attacks have disabled major public websites, while the external effects of other attacks have been minimal. While on one hand the DNS protocol is relatively simple, the system has many moving parts, with multiple levels of caching and retries and replicated servers. This paper uses controlled experiments to examine how these mechanisms affect DNS resilience and latency, exploring both the client side's DNS user experience, and server-side traffic. We find that, for about 30% of clients, caching is not effective. However, when caches are full they allow about half of clients to ride out server outages that last less than cache lifetimes, caching and retries together allow up to half of the clients to tolerate DDoS attacks longer than cache lifetimes, with 90% query loss, and almost all clients to tolerate attacks resulting in 50% packet loss. While clients may get service during an attack, tail-latency increases for clients. For servers, retries during DDoS attacks increase normal traffic up to 8x. Our findings about caching and retries help explain why users see service outages from some real-world DDoS events, but minimal visible effects from others.
Information and Communication Technology: Design, Delivery, and Outcomes from a Nursing Informatics Boot Camp

Information and communication technology (ICT) is integral in today’s healthcare as a critical piece of support to both track and improve patient and organizational outcomes. Facilitating nurses’ informatics competency development through continuing education is paramount to enhance their readiness to practice safely and accurately in technologically enabled work environments. In this article, we briefly describe progress in nursing informatics (NI) and share a project exemplar that describes our experience in the design, implementation, and evaluation of a NI educational event, a one-day boot camp format that was used to provide foundational knowledge in NI targeted primarily at frontline nurses in Alberta, Canada. We also discuss the project outcomes, including lessons learned and future implications. Overall, the boot camp was successful to raise nurses’ awareness about the importance of informatics in nursing practice.
Prototype implementation of the OpenGL ES 2.0 shading language offline compiler

Latest 3D graphics libraries, including OpenGL and OpenGL ES, provide programmable rendering pipelines. These programmable pipelines naturally requires special-purpose programming languages. It is so called OpenGL Shading Language in the case of OpenGL. In this paper, we show a new compact design scheme for the implementation of OpenGL SL offline compilers. This scheme is used for our OpenGL SL offline compiler prototype implementation. Our implementation shows feasibility and correctness with respect to the standard specification.
Penile strangulation and necrosis due to condom catheter.

Condom catheters are often used in the management of male urinary incontinence, and are considered to be safe. As condom catheters are placed on the male genitalia, sometimes adequate care is not taken after placement owing to poor medical care of debilitated patients and feelings of embarrassment and shame. Similarly, sometimes the correct size of penile sheath is not used. Strangulation of penis due to condom catheter is a rare condition; only few such cases have been reported in the literature. Proper application and routine care of condom catheters are important in preventing this devastating complication especially in a neurologically debilitated population. We present a case of penile necrosis due to condom catheter. We will also discuss proper catheter care and treatment of possible complications.
Anesthetic considerations in organ procurement surgery: a narrative review.

While a few publications specify the anesthetic implications of either brain or cardiac death, they lack detail on how to provide anesthesia during organ donation surgery. We provide a thorough description of important anesthetic considerations during organ donation surgery in patients with either brain or cardiac death.



A thorough literature review was undertaken to locate all relevant articles that describe systemic effects of brain and cardiac death and their anesthetic implications. We searched PubMed, Pubget, and EMBASE™ for relevant articles using the following search terms: anesthesia, management, donation cardiac death, donation brain death. In addition, we reviewed the relevant protocols at our own institution.



Highly specific intraoperative management by an anesthesiologist is required during organ procurement after brain death. To manage the heart-beating brain-dead donor, the anesthesiologist must incorporate knowledge of the effects of brain death on each organ system as well as the effects of the preoperative measures that the donor required in the intensive care unit. It is also important to know which organs are going to be procured in order to establish specific goals and implement strategies (e.g., lung-protective ventilation or intraoperative glycemic control) to optimize donor outcome. During organ procurement after cardiac death, an anesthesiologist's direct involvement is particularly important for lung donors.



Anesthesiologist-guided physiological optimization of the brain-dead donor may be a factor in determining the outcome of the organ recipient. Additionally, anesthesiologists have an important role in helping to ensure that the highest quality and most appropriate care are rendered to non-heart-beating donors. This is achieved through establishing protocols in their hospitals for donation after cardiac death that maximize the number of available organs with the best chance for long-term graft viability.
Ethnobotanical classification system and medical ethnobotany of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians

The Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians live in one of the planet’s most floristically diverse temperate zone environments. Their relationship with the local flora was initially investigated by James Mooney and revisited by subsequent researchers such as Frans Olbrechts, John Witthoft, and William Banks, among others. This work interprets the collective data recorded by Cherokee ethnographers, much of it in the form of unpublished archival material, as it reflects the Cherokee ethnobotanical classification system and their medical ethnobotany. Mooney’s proposed classification system for the Cherokee is remarkably similar to contemporary models of folk biological classification systems. His recognition of this inherent system, 60 years before contemporary models were proposed, provides evidence for their universality in human cognition. Examination of the collective data concerning Cherokee medical ethnobotany provides a basis for considering change in Cherokee ethnobotanical knowledge, for reevaluation of the statements of the various researchers, and a means to explore trends that were not previously apparent.  Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians, Ethnobiological Classification Systems, Ethnohistory, Ethnomedicine, Historical Ethnobotany, Medical Ethnobotany, Native American Medicine, Tradition Botanical Knowledge. ETHNOBOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM AND MEDICAL ETHNOBOTANY OF THE EASTERN BAND OF THE CHEROKEE INDIANS
Implementing CITES regulations for timber.

Foresters are currently confronted with a new challenge. For the first time a commonly traded timber species has been listed on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). At the 12th Conference of the Parties in November 2002, countries voted 68 to 30 to place the premier timber species of Latin America, big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King [Meliaceae]), on CITES Appendix II. Under Appendix II regulations, trade in mahogany requires that exporting countries verify that each shipment was legally obtained and that its harvest was non-detrimental to the survival of the species. Unfortunately, implementation has been weak, in part because countries have yet to develop a common, pragmatic, cost-effective system to make the legal and non-detriment findings. This paper recommends what such a system might include.
Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma with vesiculobullous lesions resembling human bullous mycosis fungoides.

The broad spectrum of clinical signs in canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma mimics many inflammatory skin diseases and is a diagnostic challenge. A 13-year-old-male castrated golden retriever crossbred dog presented with multifocal flaccid bullae evolving into deep erosions. A shearing force applied to the skin at the periphery of the erosions caused the epidermis to further slide off the dermis suggesting intraepidermal or subepidermal separation. Systemic signs consisted of profound weight loss and marked respiratory distress. Histologically, the superficial and deep dermis were infiltrated by large, CD3-positive neoplastic lymphocytes and mild epitheliotropism involved the deep epidermis, hair follicle walls and epitrichial sweat glands. There was partial loss of the stratum basale. Bullous lesions consisted of large dermoepidermal and intraepidermal clefts that contained loose accumulations of neutrophils mixed with fewer neoplastic cells in proteinaceous fluid. The lifted epidermis was often devitalized and bordered by hydropic degeneration and partial epidermal collapse. Similar neoplastic lymphocytes formed small masses in the lungs associated with broncho-invasion. Clonal rearrangement analysis of antigen receptor genes in samples from skin and lung lesions using primers specific for canine T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) produced a single-sized amplicon of identical sequence, indicating that both lesions resulted from the expansion of the same neoplastic T-cell population. Macroscopic vesiculobullous lesions with devitalization of the lesional epidermis should be included in the broad spectrum of clinical signs presented by canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma.
Design and Comparison of Vernier Permanent Magnet Machines

Vernier permanent magnet (VPM) machines can be utilized for direct drive applications by virtue of their high torque density and high efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to develop a general design guideline for split-slot low-speed VPM machines, generalize the operation principle, and illustrate the relationship among the numbers of the stator slots, coil poles, permanent magnet (PM) pole pairs, thereby laying a solid foundation for the design of various kinds of VPM machines. Depending on the PM locations, three newly designed VPM machines are reported in this paper and they are referred to as 1) rotor-PM Vernier machine, 2) stator-tooth-PM Vernier machine, and 3) stator-yoke-PM Vernier machine. The back-electromotive force (back-EMF) waveforms, static torque, and air-gap field distribution are predicted using time-stepping finite element method (TS-FEM). The performances of the proposed VPM machines are compared and reported.
Binary Shapelet Transform for Multiclass Time Series Classification

Shapelets have recently been proposed as a new primitive for time series classification. Shapelets are subseries of series that best split the data into its classes. In the original research, shapelets were found recursively within a decision tree through enumeration of the search space. Subsequent research indicated that using shapelets as the basis for transforming datasets leads to more accurate classifiers. Both these approaches evaluate how well a shapelet splits all the classes. However, often a shapelet is most useful in distinguishing between members of the class of the series it was drawn from against all others. To assess this conjecture, we evaluate a one vs all encoding scheme. This technique simplifies the quality assessment calculations, speeds up the execution through facilitating more frequent early abandon and increases accuracy for multi-class problems. We also propose an alternative shapelet evaluation scheme which we demonstrate significantly speeds up the full search.
Lumanote: A Real-Time Interactive Music Composition Assistant

Musical composition typically requires several years of experience and knowledge in music theory that includes but is not limited to chord progression, melody note theory, and an understanding of whole-step/half-step passing tones among others. Due to the complexity of musical composition, even experienced musicians may find the writing process challenging and time consuming. Songwriters may find the need to employ trained pianists to aid in the theory behind musical composition. We present Lumanote, an interactive real-time music composition tool that aids songwriters in their writing endeavors by presenting real-time suggestions on appropriate melody notes and chord progression. Lumanote’s color-coded design provides chords appropriate to chosen scales, and melody notes appropriate to given chords in real-time as musicians play chords and melody notes. We performed a qualitative study to gauge the effectiveness of this tool, including both experienced musicians and complete beginners to assess the intuitiveness of the system at various skill levels. Qualitative results helped in identifying potential issues on differing interpretations of color-coded suggestions, and yielded insights on interface improvements and polish.
The Role of Androgens and Estrogens in Hidradenitis Suppurativa - A Systematic Review.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease. Several observations imply that sex hormones may play a role in its pathogenesis. HS is more common in women, and the disease severity appears to vary in intensity according to the menstrual cycle. In addition, parallels have been drawn between HS and acne vulgaris, suggesting that sex hormones may play a role in the condition. The role of androgens and estrogens in HS has therefore been explored in numerous observational and some interventional studies; however, the studies have often reported conflicting results. This systematic review includes 59 unique articles and aims to give an overview of the available research. Articles containing information on natural variation, severity changes during menstruation and pregnancy, as well as articles on serum levels of hormones in patients with HS and the therapeutic options of hormonal manipulation therapy have all been included and are presented in this systematic review. Our results show that patients with HS do not seem to have increased levels of sex hormones and that their hormone levels lie within the normal range. While decreasing levels of progesterone and estrogen seem to coincide with disease flares in premenopausal women, the association is speculative and requires experimental confirmation. Antiandrogen treatment could be a valuable approach in treating HS, however randomized control trials are lacking.
The BCL-2 protein family: opposing activities that mediate cell death

BCL-2 family proteins, which have either pro- or anti-apoptotic activities, have been studied intensively for the past decade owing to their importance in the regulation of apoptosis, tumorigenesis and cellular responses to anti-cancer therapy. They control the point of no return for clonogenic cell survival and thereby affect tumorigenesis and host–pathogen interactions and regulate animal development. Recent structural, phylogenetic and biological analyses, however, suggest the need for some reconsideration of the accepted organizational principles of the family and how the family members interact with one another during programmed cell death. Although these insights into interactions among BCL-2 family proteins reveal how these proteins are regulated, a unifying hypothesis for the mechanisms they use to activate caspases remains elusive.
Allele-specific FKBP5 DNA demethylation mediates gene–childhood trauma interactions

Although the fact that genetic predisposition and environmental exposures interact to shape development and function of the human brain and, ultimately, the risk of psychiatric disorders has drawn wide interest, the corresponding molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. We found that a functional polymorphism altering chromatin interaction between the transcription start site and long-range enhancers in the FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene, an important regulator of the stress hormone system, increased the risk of developing stress-related psychiatric disorders in adulthood by allele-specific, childhood trauma–dependent DNA demethylation in functional glucocorticoid response elements of FKBP5. This demethylation was linked to increased stress-dependent gene transcription followed by a long-term dysregulation of the stress hormone system and a global effect on the function of immune cells and brain areas associated with stress regulation. This identification of molecular mechanisms of genotype-directed long-term environmental reactivity will be useful for designing more effective treatment strategies for stress-related disorders.
Ordinary Orthodontics : Starting with the End in Mind

THIS ARTICLE MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER. 45 One of the most popular self-help books in the United States today is The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R. Covey.1 In this best seller, Covey presents a principle-centered approach for solving personal and professional problems. One of his admonitions is to “begin with the end in mind.” According to Covey, “To begin with the end in mind means to start with a clear understanding of your destination. It means to know where you’re going so that you better understand where you are now and so that the steps that you take are always in the right direction.” Covey’s approach to life in general can be directly applied to routine orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, in that the clinician should have a clear understanding of the sequence of events that will lead to an excellent clinical result. A personal examination of 30 years of transfer cases seen in private practice, however, reveals that not all clinicians share the same vision as to the sequence of events that should occur, even in relatively routine treatments. Nor do all clinicians prepare a patient for fixed appliance therapy in the same manner, as is evidenced by the wide variation observed in band and bond positions. This variation in bracket position occurs so frequently that, when accepting a transfer patient, many clinicians simply remove the existing appliances and replace them not only with their own specific prescription, but also place the brackets in position according to their own preference. Radical changes in treatment plan often occur as well. Most times, the details of appliance manipulation are as important as the original diagnosis and treatment plan in achieving an excellent orthodontic result. This article discusses many of those details.
Software Reliability Growth Model

Software Reliability Model is categorized into two, one is static model and the other one is dynamic model. Dynamic models observe the temporary behavior of debugging process during testing phase. In Static Models, modeling and analysis of program logic is done on the same code. A Model which describes about error detection in software Reliability is called Software Reliability Growth Model. This paper reviews various existing software reliability models and there failure intensity function and the mean value function. On the basis of this review a model is proposed for the software reliability having different mean value function and failure intensity function.
Design and Validation of Polarity-Changeable Magnetizer for Encoding Patterns on Ring-Like Rotary Encoders

Through numerical simulations and calibrated experiments, the aim of the work presented in this paper is placed on the development of a polarity changeable magnetizing platform for a rotary magnetic encoder using a permanent magnet and thin silicon steel plate. Parameter studies are conducted via finite-element analyses to obtain optimized geometric design parameters for the magnetizer, leading to desirable magnetic flux density and effective magnetized patterns on the magnetic media.