nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Impacting clinical evaluation of anterior talofibular ligament injuries through analysis of ultrasound images

Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is considered as the weakest ankle ligament that is most prone to injuries. Ultrasound imaging with its portable, non-invasive and non-ionizing radiation nature is increasingly being used for ATFL diagnosis. However, diagnosis of ATFL injuries requires its segmentation from ultrasound images that is a challenging task due to the existence of homogeneous intensity regions, homogeneous textures and low contrast regions in ultrasound images. To address these issues, this research has developed an efficient ATFL segmentation framework that would contribute to accurate and efficient diagnosis of ATFL injuries for clinical evaluation.



The developed framework comprises of five computational steps to segment the ATFL ligament region. Initially, region of interest is selected from the original image, which is followed by the adaptive histogram equalization to enhance the contrast level of the ultrasound image. The enhanced contrast image is further optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Thereafter, the optimized image is processed by the Chan-Vese method to extract the ATFL region through curve evolution; then the resultant image smoothed by morphological operation. The algorithm is tested on 25 subjects' datasets and the corresponding performance metrics are evaluated to demonstrate its clinical applicability.



The performance of the developed framework is evaluated based on various measurement metrics. It was found that estimated computational performance of the developed framework is 12 times faster than existing Chan-Vese method. Furthermore, the developed framework yielded the average sensitivity of 98.3 %, specificity of 96.6 % and accuracy of 96.8 % as compared to the manual segmentation. In addition, the obtained distance using Hausdorff is 14.2 pixels and similarity index by Jaccard is 91 %, which are indicating the enhanced performance whilst segmented area of ATFL region obtained from five normal (average Pixels-16,345.09), five tear (average Pixels-14,940.96) and five thickened (average Pixels-12,179.20) subjects' datasets show good performance of developed framework to be used in clinical practices.



On the basis of obtained results, the developed framework is computationally more efficient and more accurate with lowest rate of coefficient of variation (less than 5 %) that indicates the highest clinical significance of this research in the assessment of ATFL injuries.
Multiphysics modeling approach for micro electro-thermo-mechanical actuator: Failure mechanisms coupled analysis

The lifetime of micro electro–thermo–mechanical actuators with complex electro–thermo–mechanical coupling mechanisms can be decreased significantly due to unexpected failure events. Even more serious is the fact that various failures are tightly coupled due to micro-size and multi-physics effects. Interrelation between performance and potential failures should be established to predict reliability of actuators and improve their design. Thus, a multiphysics modeling approach is proposed to evaluate such interactive effects of failure mechanisms on actuators, where potential failures are pre-analyzed via FMMEA (Failure Modes, Mechanisms, and Effects Analysis) tool for guiding the electro–thermo–mechanical-reliability modeling process. Peak values of temperature, thermal stresses/strains and tip deflection are estimated as indicators for various failure modes and factors (e.g. residual stresses, thermal fatigue, electrical overstress, plastic deformation and parameter variations). Compared with analytical solutions and experimental data, the obtained simulation results were found suitable for coupled performance and reliability analysis of micro actuators and assessment of their design.
A Pattern Matching Approach to Streaming Slot Filling

In this paper, we described our system for Knowledge Base Acceleration (KBA) Track at TREC 2013. The KBA Track has two tasks, CCR and SSF. Our approach consists of two major steps: selecting documents and extracting slot values. Selecting documents is to look for and save the documents that mention the entities of interest. The second step involves with generating seed patterns to extract the slot values and computing confidence score.
Developmental changes in P1 and N1 central auditory responses elicited by consonant-vowel syllables.

Normal maturation and functioning of the central auditory system affects the development of speech perception and oral language capabilities. This study examined maturation of central auditory pathways as reflected by age-related changes in the P1/N1 components of the auditory evoked potential (AEP). A synthesized consonant-vowel syllable (ba) was used to elicit cortical AEPs in 86 normal children ranging in age from 6 to 15 years and ten normal adults. Distinct age-related changes were observed in the morphology of the AEP waveform. The adult response consists of a prominent negativity (N1) at about 100 ms, preceded by a smaller P1 component at about 50 ms. In contrast, the child response is characterized by a large P1 response at about 100 ms. This wave decreases significantly in latency and amplitude up to about 20 years of age. In children, P1 is followed by a broad negativity at about 200 ms which we term N1b. Many subjects (especially older children) also show an earlier negativity (N1a). Both N1a and N1b latencies decrease significantly with age. Amplitudes of N1a and N1b do not show significant age-related changes. All children have the N1b; however, the frequency of occurrence of N1a increases with age. Data indicate that the child P1 develops systematically into the adult response; however, the relationship of N1a and N1b to the adult N1 is unclear. These results indicate that maturational changes in the central auditory system are complex and extend well into the second decade of life.
Facile and green synthesis of (La0.95Eu0.05)2O2S red phosphors with sulfate-ion pillared layered hydroxides as a new type of precursor: controlled hydrothermal processing, phase evolution and photoluminescence

This study presents a facile and green route for the synthesis of (La0.95Eu0.05)2O2S red phosphors of controllable morphologies, with the sulfate-type layered hydroxides of Ln2(OH)4SO4·2H2O (Ln = La and Eu) as a new type of precursor. The technique takes advantage of the fact that the precursor has had the exact Ln:S molar ratio of the targeted phosphor, thus saving the hazardous sulfurization reagents indispensable to traditional synthesis. Controlled hydrothermal processing at 120 °C yielded phase-pure Ln2(OH)4SO4·2H2O crystallites in the form of either nanoplates or microprisms, which can both be converted into Ln2O2S phosphor via a Ln2O2SO4 intermediate upon annealing in flowing H2 at a minimum temperature of ∼ 700 °C. The nanoplates collapse into relatively rounded Ln2O2S particles while the microprisms retain well their initial morphologies at 1 200 °C, thus yielding two types of red phosphors. Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) studies found two distinct charge transfer (CT) excitation bands of O2- → Eu3+ at ∼ 270 nm and S2- → Eu3+ at ∼ 340 nm for the Ln2O2S phosphors, with the latter being stronger and both significantly stronger than the intrinsic intra-f transitions of Eu3+. The two types of phosphors share high similarities in the positions of PLE/PL (photoluminescence) bands and both show the strongest red emission at 627 nm (5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+) under S2- → Eu3+ CT excitation at 340 nm. The PLE/PL intensities show clear dependence on particle morphology and calcination temperature, which were investigated in detail. Fluorescence decay analysis reveals that the 627 nm red emission has a lifetime of ∼ 0.5 ms for both types of the phosphors.
Electronic waste management approaches: an overview.

Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest-growing pollution problems worldwide given the presence if a variety of toxic substances which can contaminate the environment and threaten human health, if disposal protocols are not meticulously managed. This paper presents an overview of toxic substances present in e-waste, their potential environmental and human health impacts together with management strategies currently being used in certain countries. Several tools including life cycle assessment (LCA), material flow analysis (MFA), multi criteria analysis (MCA) and extended producer responsibility (EPR) have been developed to manage e-wastes especially in developed countries. The key to success in terms of e-waste management is to develop eco-design devices, properly collect e-waste, recover and recycle material by safe methods, dispose of e-waste by suitable techniques, forbid the transfer of used electronic devices to developing countries, and raise awareness of the impact of e-waste. No single tool is adequate but together they can complement each other to solve this issue. A national scheme such as EPR is a good policy in solving the growing e-waste problems.
Searching for Efficient Multi-Scale Architectures for Dense Image Prediction

• DPC is a DAG graph with B branches. • Branch bi is represented by a 3-tuple, (Xi, OPi, Yi), where Xi ∈ Xi is the input tensor, OPi ∈ OP is the operation on input Xi, and Yi is the output tensor. • The final output, Y = concat(Y1, Y2, . . . , YB) • Xi = {F , Y1, . . . , } (i.e., last network backbone feature maps, F , plus all outputs obtained by previous branches). • X1 = {F}, i.e., the first branch can only take F as input.
Hydraulic spool valve modeling for system level analysis

This paper presents a parameterized, dynamic model of Moog D671 hydraulic servovalve. The valve is a 4/3, center closed configuration. The model is developed based on first principles and is compared to a dynamic model in the form of a Simulink S-function made available by Moog Inc. The model is developed as part of a system level modeling, simulation, and analysis activity at Clemson University's Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing Facility. The valve model is valuable because the valve is used to control a primary piece of test equipment at the facility and the model will be used for subsequent control system development activities. Results show that the derived model adequately reproduces the behavior of the supplied S-function while offering greatly improved functionality. Additionally, a discussion section address the observed differences between the derived model and the supplied S-function and offers a critique of the S-function's performance.
The effect of egocentric body movements on users' navigation performance and spatial memory in zoomable user interfaces

We present two experiments examining the impact of navigation techniques on users' navigation performance and spatial memory in a zoomable user interface (ZUI). The first experiment with 24 participants compared the effect of egocentric body movements with traditional multi-touch navigation. The results indicate a 47% decrease in path lengths and a 34% decrease in task time in favor of egocentric navigation, but no significant effect on users' spatial memory immediately after a navigation task. However, an additional second experiment with 8 participants revealed such a significant increase in performance of long-term spatial memory: The results of a recall task administered after a 15-minute distractor task indicate a significant advantage of 27% for egocentric body movements in spatial memory. Furthermore, a questionnaire about the subjects' workload revealed that the physical demand of the egocentric navigation was significantly higher but there was less mental demand.
A Dual-Band Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna for WLAN Systems

A new microstrip dual-band polarization reconfigurable antenna is presented for wireless local area network (WLAN) systems operating at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. The antenna consists of a square microstrip patch that is aperture coupled to a microstrip line located along the diagonal line of the patch. The dual-band operation is realized by employing the TM10 and TM30 modes of the patch antenna. Four shorting posts are inserted into the patch to adjust the frequency ratio of the two modes. The center of each edge of the patch is connected to ground via a PIN diode for polarization switching. By switching between the different states of PIN diodes, the proposed antenna can radiate either horizontal, vertical, or 45° linear polarization in the two frequency bands. Measured results on reflection coefficients and radiation patterns agree well with numerical simulations.
An Ontology Framework for Semantic Business Process Management

A core challenge in Business Process Management is the continuous, bi-directional translation between (1) a business requirements view on the process space of an enterprise and (2) the actual process space of this enterprise, constituted by the multiplicity of IT systems, resources, and human labor. Semantic Business Process Management (SBPM) [HeLD'05] is a novel approach of increasing the level of automation in the translation between these two spheres, and is currently driven by major players from the ERP, BPM, and Semantic Web Services domain, namely SAP. One core paradigm of SPBM is to represent the two spheres and their parts using ontology languages and to employ machine reasoning for the automated or semi-automated translation. In this paper, we (1) outline the representational requirements of SBPM, (2) propose a set of ontologies and formalisms, and (3) define the scope of these ontologies by giving competency questions, which is a common technique in the ontology engineering process.
Group Preference Aggregation: A Nash Equilibrium Approach

Group-oriented services such as group recommendations aim to provide services for a group of users. For these applications, how to aggregate the preferences of different group members is the toughest yet most important problem. Inspired by game theory, in this paper, we propose to explore the idea of Nash equilibrium to simulate the selections of members in a group by a game process. Along this line, we first compute the preferences (group-dependent optimal selections) of each individual member in a given group scene, i.e., an equilibrium solution of this group, with the help of two pruning approaches. Then, to get the aggregated unitary preference of each group from all group members, we design a matrix factorization-based method which aggregates the preferences in latent space and estimates the final group preference in rating space. After obtaining the group preference, group-oriented services (e.g., group recommendation) can be directly provided. Finally, we construct extensive experiments on two real-world data sets from multiple aspects. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
The application of fuzzy integrals in Multicriteria Decision Making

This paper presents a synthesis on the application of fuzzy integral as an innovative tool for criteria aggregation in decision problems. The main point is that fuzzy integrals are able to model interaction between criteria in a flexible way. The methodology has been elaborated mainly in Japan, and has been applied there successfully in various fields such as design, reliability, evaluation of goods, etc. It seems however that this technique is still very little known in Europe. It is one of the aim of this review to disseminate this emerging technology in many industrial fields.
Cost, revenue and profit efficiency measurement in DEA: A directional distance function approach

Estimation of efficiency of firms in a non-competit ive market characterized by heterogeneous inputs and outputs along with their varying prices is questionable when factor-based technology sets are used in data envelopment analysis (DEA). In thi s scenario, a value-based technology becomes an appropriate reference technology against which e fficiency can be assessed. In this contribution, the value-based models of Tone (2002) are extended in a directional DEA set up to develop new directional costand revenue-based measures of eff iciency, which are then decomposed into their respective directional value-based technical and al loc tive efficiencies. These new directional value-based measures are more general, and include the xisting value-based measures as special cases. These measures satisfy several desirable pro p rties of an ideal efficiency measure. These new measures are advantageous over the existing ones in t rms of 1) their ability to satisfy the most important property of translation invariance; 2) ch oi es over the use of suitable direction vectors in handling negative data; and 3) flexibility in provi ding the decision makers with the option of specifying preferable direction vectors to incorpor ate their preferences. Finally, under the condition of no prior unit price information, a directional v alue-based measure of profit inefficiency is developed for firms whose underlying objectives are p ofit maximization. For an illustrative empirical application, our new measures are applied to a real-life data set of 50 US banks to draw inferences about the production correspondence of b anking industry.
Engagement dynamics and sensitivity analysis of YouTube videos

YouTube, with millions of content creators, has become the preferred destination for watching videos online. Through the Partner program, YouTube allows content creators to monetize their popular videos. Of significant importance for content creators is which meta-level features (e.g. title, tag, thumbnail) are most sensitive for promoting video popularity. The popularity of videos also depends on the social dynamics, i.e. the interaction of the content creators (or channels) with YouTube users. Using real-world data consisting of about 6 million videos spread over 25 thousand channels, we empirically examine the sensitivity of YouTube meta-level features and social dynamics. The key meta-level features that impact the view counts of a video include: first day view count , number of subscribers, contrast of the video thumbnail, Google hits, number of keywords, video category, title length, and number of upper-case letters in the title respectively and illustrate that these meta-level features can be used to estimate the popularity of a video. In addition, optimizing the meta-level features after a video is posted increases the popularity of videos. In the context of social dynamics, we discover that there is a causal relationship between views to a channel and the associated number of subscribers. Additionally, insights into the effects of scheduling and video playthrough in a channel are also provided. Our findings provide a useful understanding of user engagement in YouTube.
CamBP: a camera-based, non-contact blood pressure monitor

Convenient monitoring of vital signs, particularly blood pressure(BP), is critical to improve the effectiveness of health-care and prevent chronic diseases. This study presents a user-friendly, low-cost, real-time, and non-contact technique for BP measurement based on the detection of photoplethysmography (PPG) using a regular webcam. Leveraging features extracted from photoplethysmograph, an individual's BP can be estimated using a neural network. Experiments were performed on 20 human participants during three different daytime slots given the influence of background illumination. Compared against the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure readings collected from a commercially available BP monitor, the proposed technique achieves an average error rate of 9.62% (Systolic BP) and 11.63% (Diastolic BP) for the afternoon session, and 8.4% (Systolic BP) and 11.18% (Diastolic BP) for the evening session. The proposed technique can be easily extended to the camera on any mobile device and thus be widely used in a pervasive manner.
Clinical Complications of Dental Implants

Dental implant surgery has become routine treatment in dentistry and is generally considered to be a safe surgical procedure with a high success rate. However, complications should be taken into consideration because they can follow dental implant surgery as with any other surgical procedure. Many of the complications can be resolved without severe problems; however, in some cases, they can cause dental implant failure or even lifethreatening circumstances. Avoiding complications begins with careful treatment planning based on accurate preoperative anatomic evaluations and an understanding of all potential problems. This chapter contains surgical complications associated with dental implant surgery and management.
Sobolevicanthus transvaalensis n.sp. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from the Cape Teal (Anas capensis Gmelin, 1789)

Sobolevicanthus transvaalensis n.sp. is described from the Cape Teal, Anas capensis Gmelin, 1789, collected in the Republic of South Africa. The new species possesses 8 skrjabinoid hooks 78–88 μm long (mean 85 μm) and a short claviform cirrus-sac 79–143 μm long and resembles S. javanensis (Davis, 1945) and S. terraereginae (Johnston, 1913). It can be distinguished from S. javanensis by its shorter cirrus-sac and smaller cirrus diameter, and by differences in the morphology of the accessory sac and vagina and in their position relative to the cirrus-sac. It can be separated from S. terraereginae on the basis of cirrus length and diameter. The basal diameter of the cirrus in S. terraereginae is three times that in S. transvaalensis.
A Dynamic Complex Event Processing Architecture for Cloud Monitoring and Analysis

Cloud monitoring and analysis are challenging tasks that have recently been addressed by Complex Event Processing (CEP) techniques. CEP systems can process many incoming event streams and execute continuously running queries to analyze the behavior of a Cloud. Based on a Cloud performance monitoring and analysis use case, this paper experimentally evaluates different CEP architectures in terms of precision, recall and other performance indicators. The results of the experimental comparison are used to propose a novel dynamic CEP architecture for Cloud monitoring and analysis. The novel dynamic CEP architecture is designed to dynamically switch between different centralized and distributed CEP architectures depending on the current machine load and network traffic conditions in the observed Cloud environment.
The eICU: it's not just telemedicine.

Intensive care units (ICUs) are major sites for medical errors and adverse events. Suboptimal outcomes reflect a widespread failure to implement care delivery systems that successfully address the complexity of modern ICUs. Whereas other industries have used information technologies to fundamentally improve operating efficiency and enhance safety, medicine has been slow to implement such strategies. Most ICUs do not even track performance; fewer still have the capability to examine clinical data and use this information to guide quality improvement initiatives. This article describes a technology-enabled care model (electronic ICU, or eICU) that represents a new paradigm for delivery of critical care services. A major component of the model is the use of telemedicine to leverage clinical expertise and facilitate a round-the-clock proactive care by intensivist-led teams of ICU caregivers. Novel data presentation formats, computerized decision support, and smart alarms are used to enhance efficiency, increase effectiveness, and standardize clinical and operating processes. In addition, the technology infrastructure facilitates performance improvement by providing an automated means to measure outcomes, track performance, and monitor resource utilization. The program is designed to support the multidisciplinary intensivist-led team model and incorporates comprehensive ICU re-engineering efforts to change practice behavior. Although this model can transform ICUs into centers of excellence, success will hinge on hospitals accepting the underlying value proposition and physicians being willing to change established practices.