nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural-network-based robust optimal control design for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems via adaptive dynamic programming

In this paper, the neural-network-based robust optimal control design for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems via adaptive dynamic programming approach is investigated. First, the robust controller of the original uncertain system is derived by adding a feedback gain to the optimal controller of the nominal system. It is also shown that this robust controller can achieve optimality under a specified cost function, which serves as the basic idea of the robust optimal control design. Then, a critic network is constructed to solve the Hamilton– Jacobi–Bellman equation corresponding to the nominal system, where an additional stabilizing term is introduced to verify the stability. The uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system is also proved by using the Lyapunov approach. Moreover, the obtained results are extended to solve decentralized optimal control problem of continuous-time nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the established control scheme.
OAPT: A Tool for Ontology Analysis and Partitioning

Ontologies are the backbone of the Semantic Web and facilitate sharing, integration, and discovery of data. However, the number of existing ontologies is vastly growing, which makes it is problematic for software developers to decide which ontology is suitable for their application. Furthermore, often, only a small part of the ontology will be relevant for a certain application. In other cases, ontologies are so large, that they have to be split up in more manageable chunks to work with them. To this end, in this demo, we present OAPT, an ontology analysis and partitioning tool. First, before a candidate input ontology is partitioned, OAPT analyzes it to determine, if this ontology is worth to be considered using a predefined set of criteria that quantify the semantic richness of the ontology. Once the ontology is investigated, we apply a seeding-based partitioning algorithm to partition it into a set of modules. Through the demonstration of OAPT we introduce the tool’s capabilities and highlight its effectiveness and usability.
Meth Mouth—A Growing Epidemic in Dentistry?

In the past two decades, the synthetic style and fashion drug "crystal meth" ("crystal", "meth"), chemically representing the crystalline form of the methamphetamine hydrochloride, has become more and more popular in the United States, in Eastern Europe, and just recently in Central and Western Europe. "Meth" is cheap, easy to synthesize and to market, and has an extremely high potential for abuse and dependence. As a strong sympathomimetic, "meth" has the potency to switch off hunger, fatigue and, pain while simultaneously increasing physical and mental performance. The most relevant side effects are heart and circulatory complaints, severe psychotic attacks, personality changes, and progressive neurodegeneration. Another effect is "meth mouth", defined as serious tooth and oral health damage after long-standing "meth" abuse; this condition may become increasingly relevant in dentistry and oral- and maxillofacial surgery. There might be an association between general methamphetamine abuse and the development of osteonecrosis, similar to the medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). Several case reports concerning "meth" patients after tooth extractions or oral surgery have presented clinical pictures similar to MRONJ. This overview summarizes the most relevant aspect concerning "crystal meth" abuse and "meth mouth".
Developing and evaluating computational models of musical style

Stylistic composition is a creative musical activity, in which students as well as renowned composers write according to the style of another composer or period. We describe and evaluate two computational models of stylistic composition, called Racchman-Oct2010 and Racchmaninof-Oct2010. The former is a constrained Markov model and the latter embeds this model in an analogy-based design system. Racchmaninof-Oct2010 applies a pattern discovery algorithm called SIACT and a perceptually validated formula for rating pattern importance, to guide the generation of a new target design from an existing source design. A listening study is reported concerning human judgments of music excerpts that are, to varying degrees, in the style of mazurkas by Frédédric Chopin (1810-1849). The listening study acts as an evaluation of the two computational models and a third, benchmark system called Experiments in Musical Intelligence (EMI). Judges’ responses indicate that some aspects of musical style, such as phrasing and rhythm, are being modeled effectively by our algorithms. Judgments are also used to identify areas for future improvements. We discuss the broader implications of this work for the fields of engineering and design, where there is potential to make use of our models of hierarchical repetitive structure. Data and code to accompany this paper are available from www.tomcollinsresearch.net
6-axis force-torque sensor chip composed of 16 piezoresistive beams

This paper reports the design, a part of the fabrication process, especially ion doping method by oblique ion implantation, and experimental results of a 6-axis force-torque sensor chip composed of 16 piezoresistive beams. The sensor chip's area, 2mm square in size, is one-third of that of the minimum 6-axis sensor chip ever reported. It will enhance the mounting density of sensor array and also reduce the cost in case of volume production. These sensor chips were fabricated by MNOIC, 8-inch MEMS foundry in Japan, and their characteristic variations are enough small to make practical use of them.
How People Extract Information from Graphs: Evidence from a Sentence-Graph Verification Paradigm

Graph comprehension is constrained by the goals of the cognitive system that processes the graph and by the context in which the graph appears. In this paper we report the results of a study using a sentence-graph verification paradigm. We recorded participants’ reaction times to indicate whether the information contained in a simple bar graph matched a written description of the graph. Aside from the consistency of visual and verbal information, we manipulated whether the graph was ascending or descending, the relational term in the verbal description, and the labels of the bars of the graph. Our results showed that the biggest source of variance in people’s reaction times is whether the order in which the referents appear in the graph is the same as the order in which they appear in the sentence. The implications of this finding for contemporary theories of graph comprehension are discussed.
The first cosmetic treatise of history. A female point of view.

The Schola Medica Salernitana was an early medieval medical school in the south Italian city of Salerno and the most important native source of medical knowledge in Europe at the time. The school achieved its splendour between the 10th and 13th centuries, during the final decades of Longobard kingdom. In the school, women were involved as both teachers and students for medical learning. Among these women, there was Trotula de Ruggiero (11th century), a teacher whose main interest was to alleviate suffering of women. She was the author of many medical works, the most notable being De Passionibus Mulierum Curandarum (about women's diseases), also known as Trotula Major. Another important work she wrote was De Ornatu Mulierum (about women's cosmetics), also known as Trotula Minor, in which she teaches women to conserve and improve their beauty and treat skin diseases through a series of precepts, advices and natural remedies. She gives lessons about make-up, suggests the way to be unwrinkled, remove puffiness from face and eyes, remove unwanted hair from the body, lighten the skin, hide blemishes and freckles, wash teeth and take away bad breath, dying hair, wax, treat lips and gums chaps.
Influence of redox potential on phosphate-uptake by sediments in two sub-tropical eutrophic lakes

Biogeochemical reactions in shallow eutrophic lakes areaffected bythe changes in redox potential (Eh) as bottom sedimentsundergotemporal resuspension and settling. The stability of varioussediment P fractions and kinetics of P-uptake were evaluatedfortwo sub-tropical lakes (Lake Apopka and Lake Okeechobee,Florida)using sediment suspensions in closed systems maintained atvariousEh levels ranging from −235 to 555 mV. Redox potential hadminimal effect on the stability of NaOH-P (Fe-/Al-bound P plusmoderately resistant organic P) and HCl-P (Ca-/Mg-P) fractionsinLake Apopka sediments. Increases in ortho-P and NH4Cl-P(loosely-bound P plus labile organic P) concentrations wereobserved in highly reduced (Eh = −225 mV) Apopkasediments.Phosphate solubility diagrams and mineral equilibriacalculationssuggest that P-uptake by Apopka bottom sediments at elevated Pconcentrations (ortho-P ≤ 110 μM) was due toformationof Ca-P compounds and/or co-precipitation of P withCaCO3. Incontrast, the ortho-P concentrations for Lake Okeechobeebottomsediments increased exponentially with decreasing Eh. Thequantityof NaOH-P fractions for these sediments decreased withdecreasingEh, suggesting the release of Fe- and Mn-bound P intosolution.Phosphate-uptake by Okeechobee bottom sediments (pH 7.5,ambient)followed first order kinetics, yielding a rate constant (k)of 0.51 ± 0.05 h-1. Unlike that of Apopka, the mudsediments in Lake Okeechobee have strong affinity for P ineitheraerobic or anaerobic conditions. Results suggest that even incalcareous systems, Fe and Al, when present in highconcentrations(as in the case of Lake Okeechobee), are actively involved inregulating P-uptake and geochemistry.
Heart disease prediction system based on hidden naïve bayes classifier

Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death world wide. The diagnosis of heart disease is a tedious task. There is a need for an intelligent decision support system for disease prediction. Data mining techniques are often used to classify whether a patient is normal or having heart disease. Hidden Naïve Bayes is a data mining model that relaxes the traditional Naïve Bayes conditional independence assumption. Our proposed model claims that the Hidden Naïve Bayes (HNB) can be applied to heart disease classification (prediction). Our experimental results on heart disease data set show that the HNB records 100% in terms of accuracy and out performs naïve bayes.
Self-Activated Transparent All-Graphene Gas Sensor with Endurance to Humidity and Mechanical Bending.

Graphene is considered as one of leading candidates for gas sensor applications in the Internet of Things owing to its unique properties such as high sensitivity to gas adsorption, transparency, and flexibility. We present self-activated operation of all graphene gas sensors with high transparency and flexibility. The all-graphene gas sensors which consist of graphene for both sensor electrodes and active sensing area exhibit highly sensitive, selective, and reversible responses to NO2 without external heating. The sensors show reliable operation under high humidity conditions and bending strain. In addition to these remarkable device performances, the significantly facile fabrication process enlarges the potential of the all-graphene gas sensors for use in the Internet of Things and wearable electronics.
A capacitive level shifter for high voltage (2.5kV)

A capacitive level-shifter as a part of a high voltage halfbridge gate driver is presented in this work. The level-shifter utilizes a differential capacitor pair to transfer the information from low side to high side. A thorough evaluation of the critical parts of the level-shifter is presented with focus on low power consumption as well as low capacitive load between the floating half-bridge node and ground (output capacitance). The operation of the level-shifter is tested and verified by measurements on a prototype half-bridge gate driver. Results conclude stabile operation at 2.44kV, 50kHz with a current consumption of 0.5mA. Operation voltage was limited by test equipment. The output capacitance is 4pF@1.5kV.
Poster: Towards Fully Distributed User Authentication with Blockchain

User authentication in computer systems has been a cornerstone of computer security for decades. However, the existing user authentication schemes either require human cognitive ability to remember numerous complex id and password, or rely on a trusted third party which could fail due to technical failure or denial-of-service attacks. In this paper, we design a fully distributed user authentication framework with the blockchain technology. In our scheme, a user stores her identity in the blockchain, stores her encrypted personal information in a off-blockchain storage, and attaches a smart contract which grants different permissions to each website/application. When a user logs in a website/application, the service provider employs a challenge-response protocol to verify the identity of the user, and then retrieve the user's personal information from the off-blockchain storage.
Fast switch bootstrapping for GS/s high-resolution analog-to-digital converter

This paper presents a novel bootstrapped switch to serve as an input frontend for high resolution ADCs operating in the GHz frequency range. The switch reduces the on-resistance value and keeps it constant, resulting in precise sampling of input signals and better tracking bandwidth. The proposed bootstrapped switch is designed and simulated in TSMC 28 nm Digital CMOS. Simulation results at 800 MSamples/s show an improved and relatively constant spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) and total harmonic distortion (THD) up to an input frequency of 1.6 GHz, which makes it suitable for a Time-Interleaved configuration.
Outcome effectiveness of community health workers: an integrative literature review.

Community health workers (CHWs) are promoted as a mechanism to increase community involvement in health promotion efforts, despite little consensus about the role and its effectiveness. This article reviews the databased literature on CHW effectiveness, which indicates preliminary support for CHWs in increasing access to care, particularly in underserved populations. There are a smaller number of studies documenting outcomes in the areas of increased health knowledge, improved health status outcomes, and behavioral changes, with inconclusive results. Although CHWs show some promise as an intervention, the role can be doomed by overly high expectations, lack of a clear focus, and lack of documentation. Further research is required with an emphasis on stronger study design, documentation of CHW activities, and carefully defined target populations.
Red Brick Warehouse: A Read-Mostly RDBMS for Open SMP Platforms

The Red Brick WarehouseTMis a commercial Relational Database Management System designed specifically for query, decision support, and data warehouse applications. Red Brick Warehouse is a software-only system providing ANSI SQL support in an open cliendserver environment. Red Brick Warehouse is distinguished from traditional RDBMS products by an architecture optimized to deliver high performance in read-mostly, high-intensity query applications. In these applications, the workload is heavily biased toward complex SQL SELECT operations that read but do not update the database. The average unit of work is very large, and typically involves multi-table joins, aggregation, duplicate elimination, and sorting. Multi-user concurrency is moderate, with typical systems supporting 50 to 500 concurrent user sessions. Query databases are often very large, with tables ranging from 100 million to many billion rows and occupying 50 Gigabytes to 2 Terabytes, Databases are populated by massive bulk-load operations on an hourly, daily, or weekly cycle. Time-series and historical data are maintained for months or years. Red Brick Warehouse makes use of parallel processing as well as other specialized algorithms to achieve outstanding performance and scalability on cost-effective hardware platforms.
Reconfigurable Annular Ring Slot Antenna with Circular Polarization Diversity

In this paper, the reconfigurable annular ring slot antenna with circular polarization diversity is proposed for SDMB(satellite digital multimedia broadcasting) system. The proposed antenna consists of a ring slot with tuning stubs. Four PIN diodes are attached to achieve circular polarization diversity. By switching the diodes on or off, the proposed antenna can be operated either RHCP(right hand circular polarization) mode or LHCP(left hand circular polarization) mode. The experimental result shows that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth( VSWR les 2 ) of 2.47~3.04 GHz(570 MHz) at LHCP mode, an impedance bandwidth( VSWR les 2 ) of 2.45~3.01GHz(560 MHz) at RHCP mode, a maximum gain of 3.1dBi at RHCP mode, 4.76dBi at LHCP mode. The 3dB CP bandwidth of about 100 MHz at both RHCP and LHCP mode is achieved at the center frequency 2.63 GHz. The proposed antenna is suitable for application such as mobile satellite communications, WLAN(wireless local area networks), and broadband wireless communication systems.
Real-Time Fisheye Lens Distortion Correction Using Automatically Generated Streaming Accelerators

Fisheye lenses are often used in scientific or virtual reality applications to enlarge the field of view of a conventional camera. Fisheye lens distortion correction is an image processing application which transforms the distorted fisheye images back to the natural-looking perspective space. This application is characterized by non-linear streaming memory access patterns that make main memory bandwidth a key performance limiter. We have developed a fisheye lens distortion correction system on a custom board that includes a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA. We express the application in a high level streaming language, and we utilize Proteus, an architectural synthesis tool, to quickly explore the design space and generate the streaming accelerator best suited for our cost and performance constraints. This paper shows that appropriate ESL tools enable rapid prototyping and design of real-life, performance critical and cost sensitive systems with complex memory access patterns and hardware-software interaction mechanisms.
Using Dynamic Programming for Path Planning of a Spherical Mobile Robot

Spherical mobile robot has good static and dynamic stability, which allows the robot to face different kinds of obstacles and moving surfaces, but the lack of effective control methods has hindered its application and development. In this paper, we propose a direct approach to path planning of a 2DOFs (Degrees of Freedom) spherical robot based on Bellman’s “Dynamic Programming” (DP). While other path planning schemes rely on pre-planned optimal trajectories and/or feedback control techniques, in DP approach there is no need to design a control system because DP yields the optimal control inputs in closed loop or feedback form i.e. after completing DP table, for every state in the admissible region the optimal control inputs are known and the robot can move toward the final position. This enables the robot to function in semior even nonobservable environments. Results from many simulated experiments show that the proposed approach is capable of adopting an optimal path towards a predefined goal point from any given position/orientation in the admissible region.  spherical mobile robot; path planning; Dynamic Programming.
Ultrasound-guided spinal accessory nerve blockade in the diagnosis and management of trapezius muscle-related myofascial pain.

We report the first description of ultrasound-guided spinal accessory nerve blockade using single-shot and subsequently continuous infusion (via a perineural catheter) local anaesthetic techniques, for the diagnosis and treatment of myofascial pain affecting the trapezius muscle. A 38-year-old man presented with a two-year history of incapacitating left suprascapular pain after a fall onto his outstretched hand. The history and clinical examination was suggestive of myofascial pain affecting the trapezius muscle. This had been unresponsive to pharmacological therapy, physiotherapy or suprascapular nerve blockade. Following identification of the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck, we performed ultrasound-guided nerve blocks, first using a single injection of local anaesthetic and subsequently using a continuous infusion via a perineural catheter, to block the nerve and temporarily relieve the patient's pain. We have demonstrated that the spinal accessory nerve is identifiable in the posterior triangle of the neck and can be blocked successfully using ultrasound guidance. This technique can aid the diagnosis and treatment of myofascial pain originating from the trapezius muscle.
Estimating Number of Citations Using Author Reputation

We study the problem of predicting the popularity of items in a dynamic environment in which authors post continuously new items and provide feedback on existing items. This problem can be applied to predict popularity of blog posts, rank photographs in a photo-sharing system, or predict the citations of a scientific article using author information and monitoring the items of interest for a short period of time after their creation. As a case study, we show how to estimate the number of citations for an academic paper using information about past articles written by the same author(s) of the paper. If we use only the citation information over a short period of time, we obtain a predicted value that has a correlation of r = 0.57 with the actual value. This is our baseline prediction. Our best-performing system can improve that prediction by adding features extracted from the past publishing history of its authors, increasing the correlation between the actual and the predicted values to r = 0.81.
How to Build a Trusted Database System on Untrusted Storage

Some emerging applications require programs to maintain sensitive state on untrusted hosts. This paper presents the architecture and implementation of a trusted database system, TDB, which leverages a small amount of trusted storage to protect a scalable amount of untrusted storage. The database is encrypted and validated against a collision-resistant hash kept in trusted storage, so untrusted programs cannot read the database or modify it undetectably. TDB integrates encryption and hashing with a low-level data model, which protects data and metadata uniformly, unlike systems built on top of a conventional database system. The implementation exploits synergies between hashing and log-structured storage. Preliminary performance results show that TDB outperforms an off-the-shelf embedded database system, thus supporting the suitability of the TDB architecture.
Moringa oleifera : a natural gift-A review

Akhter Saeed Cllege of Pharmaceutical Sciences, , Lahore Moringa oleifera, Lam {Syn M.pterygosperma Gaertn} usually mentioned in literature as Moringa, is a natural as well as cultivated variety of the genus Moringa belonging to family Moringaceae .It is one of the richest plant sources of Vitamins A ,B {1,2,3,6,7}, C,D,E and K. The vital minerals present in Moringa include Calcium, Copper, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese and Zinc. It has more than 40 natural anti-oxidants. Moringa has been used since 150B.C. by ancient kings and queens in their diet for mental alertness and healthy skin. The leaves, pods, seeds, gums , bark and flowers of Moringa are used in more than 80 countries {including Pakistan} to relieve mineral and vitamin deficiencies, support a healthy cardiovascular system, promote normal blood-glucose levels, neutralize free radicals {thereby reducing malignancy}, provide excellent support of the body's anit-flammatory mechanisms, enrich anemic blood and support immune system. It also improves eyesight, mental alertness and bone strength. It has potential benefit in malnutrition, general weakness, lactating mothers, menopause, depression and