nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Endodontically Treated Molars Using All Ceramic Endocrowns

Clinical success of endodontically treated posterior teeth is determined by the postendodontic restoration. Several options have been proposed to restore endodontically treated teeth. Endocrowns represent a conservative and esthetic restorative alternative to full coverage crowns. The preparation consists of a circular equigingival butt-joint margin and central retention cavity into the entire pulp chamber constructing both the crown and the core as a single unit. The case reports discussed here are moderately damaged endodontically treated molars restored using all ceramic endocrowns fabricated using two different systems, namely, CAD/CAM and pressed ceramic.
Shielded passive devices for silicon-based monolithic microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits

This paper introduces floating shields for on-chip transmission lines, inductors, and transformers implemented in production silicon CMOS or BiCMOS technologies. The shield minimizes losses without requiring an explicit on-chip ground connection. Experimental measurements demonstrate Q-factor ranging from 25 to 35 between 15 and 40 GHz for shielded coplanar waveguide fabricated on 10 /spl Omega//spl middot/cm silicon. This is more than a factor of 2 improvement over conventional on-chip transmission lines (e.g., microstrip, CPW). A floating-shielded, differentially driven 7.4-nH inductor demonstrates a peak Q of 32, which is 35% higher than an unshielded example. Similar results are realizable for on-chip transformers. Floating-shielded bond-pads with 15% less parasitic capacitance and over 60% higher shunt equivalent resistance compared to conventional shielded bondpads are also described. Implementation of floating shields is compatible with current and projected design constraints for production deep-submicron silicon technologies without process modifications. Application examples of floating-shielded passives implemented in a 0.18-/spl mu/m SiGe-BiCMOS are presented, including a 21-26-GHz power amplifier with 23-dBm output at 20% PAE (at 22 GHz), and a 17-GHz WLAN image-reject receiver MMIC which dissipates less than 65 mW from a 2-V supply.
Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-Time with Adaptive Instance Normalization

Gatys et al. recently introduced a neural algorithm that renders a content image in the style of another image, achieving so-called style transfer. However, their framework requires a slow iterative optimization process, which limits its practical application. Fast approximations with feed-forward neural networks have been proposed to speed up neural style transfer. Unfortunately, the speed improvement comes at a cost: the network is usually tied to a fixed set of styles and cannot adapt to arbitrary new styles. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective approach that for the first time enables arbitrary style transfer in real-time. At the heart of our method is a novel adaptive instance normalization (AdaIN) layer that aligns the mean and variance of the content features with those of the style features. Our method achieves speed comparable to the fastest existing approach, without the restriction to a pre-defined set of styles. In addition, our approach allows flexible user controls such as content-style trade-off, style interpolation, color & spatial controls, all using a single feed-forward neural network.
When Rule Engine Meets Big Data: Design and Implementation of a Distributed Rule Engine Using Spark

Rule Engines have been widely used both in industry and academia since they can separate rule knowledge from implementation logic conveniently and flexibly. However, traditional rule engine systems can not deal with big data, because of the limitations of memory and computing capacity of one single computer. Consequently, some researchers have proposed distributed rule engine to meet this challenge. But these solutions still do not work well when enormous amounts of facts are involved, for the reasons such as high cost of moving data, data imbalance and so on. We present the SparkRE system, a distributed rule engine based on Spark, to support big data reasoning. In particular, SparkRE uses DataFrame representing distributed working memory which holds enormous amounts of facts, and implements the rule condition-testing mechanism by the query execution engine of Spark SQL. In addition, we design a rule language tailored for SparkRE and an efficient inference engine. An experimental evaluation shows SparkRE's capability of matching 26 million facts, and reveals its scalability and performance.
A parallel method for aerial image stitching using ORB feature points

Aviation image stitching requires real-time processing, while traditional key point descriptor generating a floating-point feature vector, thus the processing efficiency in embedded hardware platform such as DSP, FPGA is not satisfactory. Recently ORB feature point is proposed, which has binary vector for feature descriptor, it greatly speeds up processing procedure for feature extraction and matching. In order to calculate the homography matrix between stitching sequence robustly, best of 2nd nearest matcher, cross-validation and RANSAC estimation are adopted. Registered images still have some color deviation in the same pixel position. If the traditional α-blending method is employed without consideration of the position information on the edge of the image, the stitching artifacts at image edges which largely affect the visual effects will be produced. A position-weighted image fusion algorithm which takes the location information of image pixels into consideration is also presented in this paper, so the image can be naturally stitched and the problem of artifacts is solved. The proposed algorithm is insensitive to complex noise presented in input image data. Furthermore, we propose a novel parallel framework for image stitching based on recent proposed ORB feature descriptor which is realized on a multicore DSP platform: TMS320C6678. With the implement of the parallel design, computing speed is obviously improved and real-time image stitching for airborne embedded application is realizable.
Preserving the Archival Bond in Distributed Ledgers: A Data Model and Syntax

Distributed cryptographic ledgers, such as the blockchain, are now being used in recordkeeping. However, they lack a key feature of more traditional recordkeeping systems needed to establish the authenticity of records and enable reliance on them for trustworthy recordkeeping. The missing feature is known in archival science as the archival bond – the mutual relationship that exists among documents by virtue of the actions in which they participate. In this paper, we propose a novel data model and syntax using core web principles that can be used to address this shortcoming in distributed ledgers as recordkeeping systems.
A Novel Bus-Aggregation-Based Structure-Preserving Power System Equivalent

The challenges power systems engineers are facing today require the development of new system planning tools for analyzing generation and environmental policy options in the transmission-constrained electricity market. The requirements of a power-system equivalent to be used with such tools are very different from those assumed in the traditional network reduction process. To solve this issue, a novel structure-preserving network equivalent is proposed in this paper for modeling large power systems in the context of analyzing policy options and emissions. In the proposed method, a power system is first clustered into zones based on the similarity of the power transfer distribution factors (PTDFs); network reduction is achieved by aggregating buses (generators/loads) on a zonal basis and modeling inter-zonal transactions (power flows) using equivalent transmission lines. The proposed equivalent is superior to existing bus-aggregation-based equivalents in its accuracy under both the base case and change-case operating conditions. In addition, the method is more computationally efficient than other bus aggregation methods proposed heretofore. This paper also examined several classic clustering techniques and identified their performance and computational efficiencies when applied to very large power systems. The proposed network equivalencing approach is tested on an illustrative six-bus system as well as the 62,000-bus and 80,000-branch Eastern Interconnection (EI).
Modelling and Simulation of Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations Driven by High Speed Railway Systems

The aim of this investigation is the analysis of the opportunity introduced by the use of railway infrastructures for the power supply of fast charging stations located in highways. Actually, long highways are often located far from urban areas and electrical infrastructure, therefore the installations of high power charging areas can be difficult. Specifically, the aim of this investigation is the analysis of the opportunity introduced by the use of railway infrastructures for the power supply of fast charging stations located in highways. Specifically, this work concentrates on fast-charging electric cars in motorway service areas by using high-speed lines for supplying the required power. Economic, security, safety and environmental pressures are motivating and pushing countries around the globe to electrify transportation, which currently accounts for a significant amount, above 70 percent of total oil demand. Electric cars require fast-charging station networks to allowing owners to rapidly charge their batteries when they drive relatively long routes. In other words, this means about the infrastructure towards building charging stations in motorway service areas and addressing the problem of finding solutions for suitable electric power sources. A possible and promising solution is proposed in the study that involves using the high-speed railway line, because it allows not only powering a high load but also it can be located relatively near the motorway itself. This paper presents a detailed investigation on the modelling and simulation of a 2 × 25 kV system to feed the railway. A model has been developed and implemented using the SimPower systems tool in MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the railway itself. Then, the model has been applied to simulate the battery charger and the system as a whole in two successive steps. The results showed that the concept could work in a real situation. Nonetheless if more than twenty 100 kW charging bays are required in each direction or if the line topology is changed for whatever reason, it cannot be guaranteed that the railway system will be able to deliver the additional power that is necessary.
Cannabis and psychiatric disorders: it is not only addiction.

Since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system, a growing body of psychiatric research has emerged focusing on the role of this system in major psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), major depression and anxiety disorder. Continuing in the line of earlier epidemiological studies, recent replication studies indicate that frequent cannabis use doubles the risk for psychotic symptoms and SCZ. Further points of clinical research interest are alterations of endocannabinoids and their relation to symptoms as well as postmortem analyses of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor densities in SCZ. A possible neurobiological mechanism for the deleterious influence of cannabis use in SCZ has been suggested, involving the disruption of endogenous cannabinoid signaling and functioning. Even though the number of studies is still limited for affective and anxiety disorders, previous results suggest these diseases to be exciting objectives of cannabinoid-associated research. Therefore, it became apparent that cannabis use is not only frequent in patients suffering from BD, but that it also induces manic symptoms in this group. In addition, prior antipsychotic treatment decreased the numerical density of CB(1) immunoreactive glial cells in bipolar patients. Although the data on the influence of cannabis use on the development of major depression is controversial, cannabinoid compounds could display a new class of medication, as suggested by the antidepressive effects of the fatty acid amino hydrolase inhibitor URB597 in animal models. With numerous open questions and controversial results, further research is required to specify and extend the findings in this area, which provides a promising target for novel pharmacotherapeutic interventions.
Vehicle Colour Recognition System using CCTV Cameras

Vehicle Color Recognition System is the implementation of automatic detection of predominant color of vehicles from the traffic images captured through CCTV cameras installed at crossings. This document presents a new effective method for extracting color of vehicle using MATLAB, Firstly vehicle is cropped automatically from the traffic image and then color of individual vehicle is picked according to the probability of frequency of RGB intensity of each pixel. The dominant color is presented as vehicle color in the output.  MATLAB, Vehicle Color Recognition, CCTV, Intensity
Improved random redundant iterative HDPC decoding

An iterative algorithm for soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoding of classical algebraic cyclic block codes is presented below. Inspired by other approaches for high performance belief propagation (BP) decoding, this algorithm requires up to 10 times less computational complexity than other methods that achieve similar performance. By utilizing multiple BP decoders, and using random permutation taken from the permutation group of the code, this algorithm reaches near maximum likelihood performance. A computational complexity comparison of the proposed algorithm versus other methods is presented as well. This includes complexity versus performance analysis, allowing one to trade between the former and the latter, according to ones needs.
Effect of Fructose on Glycemic Control in Diabetes

The effect of fructose on cardiometabolic risk in humans is controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials to clarify the effect of fructose on glycemic control in individuals with diabetes.



We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (through 22 March 2012) for relevant trials lasting ≥7 days. Data were aggregated by the generic inverse variance method (random-effects models) and expressed as mean difference (MD) for fasting glucose and insulin and standardized MD (SMD) with 95% CI for glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and glycated albumin. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q statistic and quantified by the I(2) statistic. Trial quality was assessed by the Heyland methodological quality score (MQS).



Eighteen trials (n = 209) met the eligibility criteria. Isocaloric exchange of fructose for carbohydrate reduced glycated blood proteins (SMD -0.25 [95% CI -0.46 to -0.04]; P = 0.02) with significant intertrial heterogeneity (I(2) = 63%; P = 0.001). This reduction is equivalent to a ~0.53% reduction in HbA(1c). Fructose consumption did not significantly affect fasting glucose or insulin. A priori subgroup analyses showed no evidence of effect modification on any end point.



Isocaloric exchange of fructose for other carbohydrate improves long-term glycemic control, as assessed by glycated blood proteins, without affecting insulin in people with diabetes. Generalizability may be limited because most of the trials were <12 weeks and had relatively low MQS (<8). To confirm these findings, larger and longer fructose feeding trials assessing both possible glycemic benefit and adverse metabolic effects are required.
Input-Series-Output-Parallel Phase-Shift Full-Bridge Derived DC–DC Converters With Auxiliary LC Networks to Achieve Wide Zero-Voltage Switching Range

This letter proposes an input-series-output-parallel derived dc-dc converter composed of two phase-shift full-bridge (PSFB) dc-dc converters and two auxiliary LC networks. Each LC network is connected between the leading-leg midpoint of a module and the lagging-leg midpoint of the other one. For conventional PSFB converters, the lagging-leg switches may lose zero-voltage switching (ZVS) conditions at light loads. In the proposed converter, ZVS for lagging-leg switches can be achieved with the aid of the LC networks even at light loads. The efficiency of the converter at the light load is improved. Therefore, the proposed converter is suitable for the wide load range. The feature of the converter is analyzed. The performance of the proposed converter is verified by a 900 W experimental prototype.
Wideband Dual-Polarized Patch Antenna With Broadband Baluns

A pair of novel 180deg broadband microstrip baluns are used to feed a dual-polarized patch antenna. The 180deg broadband balun delivers equal amplitude power division and consistent 180deg (plusmn5deg) phase shifting over a wide bandwidth (>50%). We demonstrate that for a dual-polarized quadruple L-probe square patch antenna, the use of the proposed 180deg broadband balun pair, in place of a conventional 180deg narrowband balun pair, provides improved input port isolation and reduced H-plane cross-polarization levels over a wider frequency range, while maintaining low E-plane cross-polarization levels and stable E- and H-plane co-polarization patterns throughout the impedance passband
Unveiling patterns of international communities in a global city using mobile phone data

We analyse a large mobile phone activity dataset provided by Telecom Italia for the Telecom Big Data Challenge contest. The dataset reports the international country codes of every call/SMS made and received by mobile phone users in Milan, Italy, between November and December 2013, with a spatial resolution of about 200 meters. We first show that the observed spatial distribution of international codes well matches the distribution of international communities reported by official statistics, confirming the value of mobile phone data for demographic research. Next, we define an entropy function to measure the heterogeneity of the international phone activity in space and time. By comparing the entropy function to empirical data, we show that it can be used to identify the city’s hotspots, defined by the presence of points of interests. Eventually, we use the entropy function to characterize the spatial distribution of international communities in the city. Adopting a topological data analysis approach, we find that international mobile phone users exhibit some robust clustering patterns that correlate with basic socio-economic variables. Our results suggest that mobile phone records can be used in conjunction with topological data analysis tools to study the geography of migrant communities in a global city.
A quad 25Gb/s 270mW TIA in 0.13µm BiCMOS with <0.15dB crosstalk penalty

The push for 100Gb/s optical transport and beyond necessitates electronic components at higher speed and integration level in order to drive down cost, complexity and size of transceivers [1-2]. This requires parallel multi-channel optical transceivers each operating at 25Gb/s and beyond. Due to variations in the output power of transmitters and in some cases different optical paths the parallel receivers have to operate at different input optical power levels. This trend places increasing strain to the acceptable inter-channel crosstalk in integrated multi-channel receivers . Minimizing this cross-talk penalty when all channels are operational is becoming increasingly important in ultra-high throughput optical links.
A Survey on Wireless Body Area Networks: Technologies and Design Challenges

Interest in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) has increased significantly in recent years thanks to the advances in microelectronics and wireless communications. Owing to the very stringent application requirements in terms of reliability, energy efficiency, and low device complexity, the design of these networks requires the definition of new protocols with respect to those used in general purpose wireless sensor networks. This motivates the effort in research activities and in standardisation process of the last years. This survey paper aims at reporting an overview of WBAN main applications, technologies and standards, issues in WBANs design, and evolutions. Some case studies are reported, based on both real implementation and experimentation on the field, and on simulations. These results have the aim of providing useful insights for WBAN designers and of highlighting the main issues affecting the performance of these kind of networks.
Modelling and Simulation of Train Control Systems using Petri Nets

A formal model was prepared on behalf of the German railways (Deut sche Bahn AG) using the informal ERTMS/ETCS specification as a basis. Procee ding from the existing models of the system a model of the system design was developed which i s to provide a universal means of description for all the phases. It was decided t o use Petri nets as a means of description for this procedure, as they permit universal appli c tion, the use of different methods and formal analysis. The method developed is an integra ted event and data-oriented approach, which shows the different aspects of the syste m on their own net levels. The model comprises three sub-models with a model of the environment developed next to the onboard and trackside systems. This environment model cove rs all the additional systems connected through the system interfaces, e xampl s of which are interlocking or regulation. Starting from a net representing the s yst m context, the process of the onboard and trackside sub-systems was modelled. Here, t he different operations and processes are visualised in the form of scenarios, whi ch in turn have access to additional refinements representing specific functions. S ystem modelling was supported by the tool Design/CPN selected after careful evaluation. E RTMS/ETCS system modelling was taken to a point permitting partial model simula tion. On the basis of these models, additional options of the spiral model of the system de sign now appear: the train and RBC models may expand into specific visualisati on , the algorithms can be further refined and compared, the models can be used f or different kinds of tests and also for purposes of system quality assurance, which may go as far as furnishing proof of safety standards. Additional phases of system development may now be elaborated on the basis of the spiral model. Further investigati ons w ll have to aim at deriving from a model both the source code and the executable code. Formal Modelling and Simulation of Train Control System s Using Petri Nets Page 2 / 16
A density-based cluster validity approach using multi-representatives

Although the goal of clustering is intuitively compelling and its notion arises in many fields, it is difficult to define a unified approach to address the clustering problem and thus diverse clustering algorithms abound in the research community. These algorithms, under different clustering assumptions, often lead to qualitatively different results. As a consequence the results of clustering algorithms (i.e. data set partitionings) need to be evaluated as regards their validity based on widely accepted criteria. In this paper a cluster validity index, CDbw, is proposed which assesses the compactness and separation of clusters defined by a clustering algorithm. The cluster validity index, given a data set and a set of clustering algorithms, enables: i) the selection of the input parameter values that lead an algorithm to the best possible partitioning of the data set, and ii) the selection of the algorithm that provides the best partitioning of the data set. CDbw handles efficiently arbitrarily shaped clusters by representing each cluster with a number of points rather than by a single representative point. A full implementation and experimental results confirm the reliability of the validity index showing also that its performance compares favourably to that of several others.