nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing leisure products for people with dementia: developing ''the Chitchatters'' game.

Providing leisure to people with dementia is a serious challenge, for health care professionals and designers and engineers of products used for activity sessions. This article describes the design process of ''the Chitchatters,'' a leisure game for a group of people with dementia in day care centers. The game aims to stimulate social interaction among people with dementia. Different stakeholders, such as older adults with dementia, their relatives and care professionals were involved in the design process via qualitative research methods as participant observation and the use of probes. These methods were applied to give the design team insight into the experiential world of people with dementia. This article presents how design insights from practice and literature can be translated into a real design for a leisure product for group use by older people with dementia, and shows designers how to work with, and design for, special groups.
A systematic review of the content of critical appraisal tools

Consumers of research (researchers, administrators, educators and clinicians) frequently use standard critical appraisal tools to evaluate the quality of published research reports. However, there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate critical appraisal tool for allied health research. We summarized the content, intent, construction and psychometric properties of published, currently available critical appraisal tools to identify common elements and their relevance to allied health research.



A systematic review was undertaken of 121 published critical appraisal tools sourced from 108 papers located on electronic databases and the Internet. The tools were classified according to the study design for which they were intended. Their items were then classified into one of 12 criteria based on their intent. Commonly occurring items were identified. The empirical basis for construction of the tool, the method by which overall quality of the study was established, the psychometric properties of the critical appraisal tools and whether guidelines were provided for their use were also recorded.



Eighty-seven percent of critical appraisal tools were specific to a research design, with most tools having been developed for experimental studies. There was considerable variability in items contained in the critical appraisal tools. Twelve percent of available tools were developed using specified empirical research. Forty-nine percent of the critical appraisal tools summarized the quality appraisal into a numeric summary score. Few critical appraisal tools had documented evidence of validity of their items, or reliability of use. Guidelines regarding administration of the tools were provided in 43% of cases.



There was considerable variability in intent, components, construction and psychometric properties of published critical appraisal tools for research reports. There is no "gold standard' critical appraisal tool for any study design, nor is there any widely accepted generic tool that can be applied equally well across study types. No tool was specific to allied health research requirements. Thus interpretation of critical appraisal of research reports currently needs to be considered in light of the properties and intent of the critical appraisal tool chosen for the task.
Exploring the knowledge landscape: four emerging views of knowledge

The concept of ‘‘knowledge’’ is presented in diverse and sometimes even controversial ways in the knowledge management (KM) literature. The aim of this paper is to identify the emerging views of knowledge and to develop a framework to illustrate the interrelationships of the different knowledge types.  This paper is a literature review to explore how ‘‘knowledge’’ as a central concept is presented and understood in a selected range of KM publications (1990-2004).  The exploration of the knowledge landscape showed that ‘‘knowledge’’ is viewed in four emerging and complementary ways. The ontological, epistemological, commodity, and community views of knowledge are discussed in this paper. The findings show that KM is still a young discipline and therefore it is natural to have different, sometimes even contradicting views of ‘‘knowledge’’ side by side in the literature.  These emerging views of knowledge could be seen as opportunities for researchers to provide new contributions. However, this diversity and complexity call for careful and specific clarification of the researchers’ standpoint, for a clear statement of their views of knowledge.  This paper offers a framework as a compass for researchers to help their orientation in the confusing and ever changing landscape of knowledge.
An overview of 3GPP enhancements on machine to machine communications

The broad connection of devices to the Internet, known as the IoT or M2M, requires lowcost power-efficient global connectivity services. New physical layer solutions, MAC procedures, and network architectures are needed to evolve the current LTE cellular systems to meet the demands of IoT services. Several steps have been taken under the 3GPP to accomplish these objectives and are included in the upcoming 3GPP LTE standards release (3GPP Release 13). In this tutorial article, we present an overview of several features included in 3GPP to accommodate the needs of M2M communications, including changes in the physical layer such as enhanced machine type communications, and new MAC and higher-layer procedures provided by extended discontinuous reception. We also briefly discuss the narrowband IoT, which is in the development stage with a target completion date of June 2016.
iPad in Education: A Case Study of iPad Adoption and Use in a Primary School

Apple's iPad has attracted a lot of attention since its release in 2010 and one area in which it has been adopted is the education sector. The iPad's large multi-touch screen, sleek profile and the ability to easily download and purchase a huge variety of educational applications make it attractive to educators. This paper presents a case study of the iPad's adoption in a primary school, one of the first in the world to adopt it. From interviews with teachers and IT staff, we conclude that the iPad's main strengths are the way in which it provides quick and easy access to information for students and the support it provides for collaboration. However, staff need to carefully manage both the teaching and the administrative environment in which the iPad is used, and we provide some lessons learned that can help other schools considering adopting the iPad in the classroom.
Elemental: An Insight into the Development and Evaluation of a Secondary Education Chemistry Game Using XNA

This article discusses the creation of an educational game intended for UK GCSE-level content, called Elemental. Elemental, developed using Microsoft's XNA studio and deployed both on the PC and Xbox 360 platforms, addresses the periodic table of elements, a subject with extensions in chemistry, physics and engineering. Through the development process of the game but also the eventual pilot user study with 15 subjects (using a pre and post test method to measure learning using the medium and self-report questions), examples are given on how an educator can, without expert knowledge, utilize modern programming tools to create and test custom-made content for delivering part of a secondary education curriculum.
Unilateral frontalis sling for the surgical correction of unilateral poor-function ptosis.

To evaluate the functional and cosmetic results after frontalis sling repair for unilateral ptosis associated with either poor levator function or synkinesis.



Preoperative and postoperative photographs and records of 127 patients who underwent unilateral frontalis sling ptosis repair were retrospectively reviewed. An eyelid crease incision was used in all cases, with suturing of the sling material directly to tarsus.



Preoperative diagnosis for all patients was either unilateral poor-function blepharoptosis or ptosis associated with levator synkinesis. Underlying causes included 75 congenital, 13 posttraumatic, 11 congenital "jaw-winking," 10 cranial nerve III palsies, 9 myasthenia gravis, 5 chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and 4 congenital "double-elevator" palsies. There was a mean follow-up of 11.6 months. Twenty-eight eyelids required reoperation: 11 for undercorrection, 6 for overcorrection with keratopathy, 2 for upper eyelid crease revision, 7 for correction of poor contour, 1 for a broken sling, and 1 for removal of an infected exposed polytetraflouroethylene sling. Lagophthalmos of greater than 2 mm was noted in 18 patients, 5 of whom had persistent keratopathy requiring reoperation. No other complications were reported, except for 1 suture granuloma. Good to excellent final postoperative eyelid height was achieved in 121 patients (95%) after all surgeries and with conscious recruitment of the frontalis muscle. A large majority of patients and/or parents expressed satisfaction with the final cosmetic result and were not bothered by any asymmetric lagophthalmos in downgaze or lack of a synchronous blink. However, 19 of 25 amblyopic patients were less satisfied with passive eyelid height as they failed to recruit the ipsilateral frontalis muscle to activate the sling during binocular viewing. In 17 of these 19 patients, good to excellent eyelid height could be achieved with conscious active brow elevation.



Unilateral sling provides good to excellent functional and cosmetic results in unilateral poor-function ptosis. However, patients with amblyopia usually require conscious effort to activate the frontalis muscle to achieve satisfactory eyelid height.
A safety assessment of non-cyclic alcohols with unsaturated branched chain when used as fragrance ingredients: the RIFM expert panel.

a University of Missouri (Kansas City), c/o American Dermatology Associates, LLC, 6333 Long Avenue, Third Floor, Shawnee, KS 66216, USA b Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA c Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo SE-20502, Sweden d Roskilde University, Isafjordvej 66, Roskilde, DK 4000, Denmark e Technical University of Munich, Institute for Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Hohenbachernstrasse 15-17, Freising-Weihenstephan D-85354, Germany f Oregon Health Sciences University, Department of Dermatology, Mail Code CH16D, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239-4501, USA g Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 715 Albany Street, L-804, Boston, MA 02118-2526, USA h Hospital Cantonal Universitaire, Clinique et Policlinique de Dermatologie, 24, Rue Micheli-du-Crest, Geneve 14 1211, Switzerland i Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ 85724-5050, USA j 3-27-1 Kaigamori, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0942, Japan
Prevention and treatment of neonatal nosocomial infections

Nosocomial or hospital acquired infections threaten the survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, and increase cost of care. Premature infants are particularly vulnerable since they often undergo invasive procedures and are dependent on central catheters to deliver nutrition and on ventilators for respiratory support. Prevention of nosocomial infection is a critical patient safety imperative, and invariably requires a multidisciplinary approach. There are no short cuts. Hand hygiene before and after patient contact is the most important measure, and yet, compliance with this simple measure can be unsatisfactory. Alcohol based hand sanitizer is effective against many microorganisms and is efficient, compared to plain or antiseptic containing soaps. The use of maternal breast milk is another inexpensive and simple measure to reduce infection rates. Efforts to replicate the anti-infectious properties of maternal breast milk by the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have met with variable success, and there are ongoing trials of lactoferrin, an iron binding whey protein present in large quantities in colostrum. Attempts to boost the immunoglobulin levels of preterm infants with exogenous immunoglobulins have not been shown to reduce nosocomial infections significantly. Over the last decade, improvements in the incidence of catheter-related infections have been achieved, with meticulous attention to every detail from insertion to maintenance, with some centers reporting zero rates for such infections. Other nosocomial infections like ventilator acquired pneumonia and staphylococcus aureus infection remain problematic, and outbreaks with multidrug resistant organisms continue to have disastrous consequences. Management of infections is based on the profile of microorganisms in the neonatal unit and community and targeted therapy is required to control the disease without leading to the development of more resistant strains.
Tangential beam IMRT versus tangential beam 3D-CRT of the chest wall in postmastectomy breast cancer patients: A dosimetric comparison

This study evaluates the dose distribution of reversed planned tangential beam intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) compared to standard wedged tangential beam three-dimensionally planned conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) of the chest wall in unselected postmastectomy breast cancer patients



For 20 unselected subsequent postmastectomy breast cancer patients tangential beam IMRT and tangential beam 3D-CRT plans were generated for the radiotherapy of the chest wall. The prescribed dose was 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Dose-volume histograms were evaluated for the PTV and organs at risk. Parameters of the dose distribution were compared using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test.



Tangential beam IMRT statistically significantly reduced the ipsilateral mean lung dose by an average of 21% (1129 cGy versus 1437 cGy). In all patients treated on the left side, the heart volume encompassed by the 70% isodose line (V70%; 35 Gy) was reduced by an average of 43% (5.7% versus 10.6%), and the mean heart dose by an average of 20% (704 cGy versus 877 cGy). The PTV showed a significantly better conformity index with IMRT; the homogeneity index was not significantly different.



Tangential beam IMRT significantly reduced the dose-volume of the ipsilateral lung and heart in unselected postmastectomy breast cancer patients.
Two-dimensional viscous froth model for foam dynamics.

The two-dimensional viscous froth model is a simple tractable model for foam rheology and coarsening. It includes, but is not confined to, the quasistatic regime. Here we present a detailed analysis and implementation of the model, illustrated with various examples. With certain simplifying assumptions, it provides significant insight into strain-rate-dependent effects in foam rheology and elsewhere, particularly in relation to recent experiments.
Rethinking the Computer Music Language: SuperCollider

ion Description and Purpose Variable names Provide human readable names to data addresses Function names Provide human readable names to function addresses Control structures Eliminate ‘‘spaghetti’’ code (The ‘‘goto’’ statement is no longer necessary.) Argument passing Default argument values, keyword specification of arguments, variable length argument lists, etc. Data structures Allow conceptual organization of data Data typing Binds the type of the data to the type of the variable Static Insures program correctness, sacrificing generality. Dynamic Greater generality, sacrificing guaranteed correctness. Inheritance Allows creation of families of related types and easy re-use of common functionality Message dispatch Providing one name to multiple implementations of the same concept Single dispatch Dispatching to a function based on the run-time type of one argument Multiple dispatch Dispatching to a function based on the run-time type of multiple arguments. Predicate dispatch Dispatching to a function based on run-time state of arguments Garbage collection Automated memory management Closures Allow creation, combination, and use of functions as first-class values Lexical binding Provides access to values in the defining context Dynamic binding Provides access to values in the calling context (.valueEnvir in SC) Co-routines Synchronous cooperating processes Threads Asynchronous processes Lazy evaluation Allows the order of operations not to be specified. Infinitely long processes and infinitely large data structures can be specified and used as needed. Applying Language Abstractions to Computer Music The SuperCollider language provides many of the abstractions listed above. SuperCollider is a dynamically typed, single-inheritance, single-argument dispatch, garbage-collected, object-oriented language similar to Smalltalk (www.smalltalk.org). In SuperCollider, everything is an object, including basic types like letters and numbers. Objects in SuperCollider are organized into classes. The UGen class provides the abstraction of a unit generator, and the Synth class represents a group of UGens operating as a group to generate output. An instrument is constructed functionally. That is, when one writes a sound-processing function, one is actually writing a function that creates and connects unit generators. This is different from a procedural or static object specification of a network of unit generators. Instrument functions in SuperCollider can generate the network of unit generators using the full algorithmic capability of the language. For example, the following code can easily generate multiple versions of a patch by changing the values of the variables that specify the dimensions (number of exciters, number of comb delays, number of allpass delays). In a procedural language like Csound or a ‘‘wire-up’’ environment like Max, a different patch would have to be created for different values for the dimensions of the patch.
Educating engineers for industry 4.0: Virtual worlds and human-robot-teams: Empirical studies towards a new educational age

The term "Industry 4.0" symbolizes new forms of technology and artificial intelligence within production technologies. Smart robots are going to be the game changers within the factories of the future and will work with humans in indispensable teams within many processes. With this fourth industrial revolution, classical production lines are going through comprehensive modernization, e.g. in terms of in-the-box manufacturing, where humans and machines work side by side in so-called "hybrid teams". Questions about how to prepare for newly needed engineering competencies for the age of Industry 4.0, how to assess them and how to teach and train e.g. human-robot-teams have to be tackled in future engineering education. The paper presents theoretical aspects and empirical results of a series of studies, carried out to investigate the competencies of virtual collaboration and joint problem solving in virtual worlds.
OVER-PARAMETERIZATION IMPROVES GENERALIZA-

Empirical evidence suggests that neural networks with ReLU activations generalize better with over-parameterization. However, there is currently no theoretical analysis that explains this observation. In this work, we study a simplified learning task with over-parameterized convolutional networks that empirically exhibits the same qualitative phenomenon. For this setting, we provide a theoretical analysis of the optimization and generalization performance of gradient descent. Specifically, we prove data-dependent sample complexity bounds which show that overparameterization improves the generalization performance of gradient descent.
PinOS: a programmable framework for whole-system dynamic instrumentation

PinOS is an extension of the Pin dynamic instrumentation framework for whole-system instrumentation, i.e., to instrument both kernel and user-level code. It achieves this by interposing between the subject system and hardware using virtualization techniques. Specifically, PinOS is built on top of the Xen virtual machine monitor with Intel VT technology to allow instrumentation of unmodified OSes. PinOS is based on software dynamic translation and hence can perform pervasive fine-grain instrumentation. By inheriting the powerful instrumentation API from Pin, plus introducing some new API for system-level instrumentation, PinOS can be used to write system-wide instrumentation tools for tasks like program analysis and architectural studies. As of today, PinOS can boot Linux on IA-32 in uniprocessor mode, and can instrument complex applications such as database and web servers.
Modified p-q theory based control of solar PV integrated UPQC-S

This paper proposes a modified p-q theory based control of solar photovoltaic array integrated unified power quality conditioner (PV-UPQC-S). The fundamental frequency positive sequence (FFPS) voltages are extracted using generalized cascaded delay signal cancellation (GCDSC) which is used in p-q theory based control to generate reference grid currents for the shunt compensator. The solar PV (SPV) array integrated at the DC-bus of the UPQC, provides a part of active load power. The series VSC operates such that it shares a part of the reactive power of the load even under nominal grid conditions. The dynamic performance of proposed system is verified by simulating it in Matlab-Simulink using a combination of linear and non-linear load.
Scene Text Detection and Tracking in Video with Background Cues

To detect scene text in the video is valuable to many content-based video applications. In this paper, we present a novel scene text detection and tracking method for videos, which effectively exploits the cues of the background regions of the text. Specifically, we first extract text candidates and potential background regions of text from the video frame. Then, we exploit the spatial, shape and motional correlations between the text and its background region with a bipartite graph model and the random walk algorithm to refine the text candidates for improved accuracy. We also present an effective tracking framework for text in the video, making use of the temporal correlation of text cues across successive frames, which contributes to enhancing both the precision and the recall of the final text detection result. Experiments on public scene text video datasets demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed method.