nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Q-Switched 1064-nm Nd: YAG laser and fractional CO2 laser efficacies on improvement of atrophic facial acne scar*

Acne scarring is treatable by a variety of modalities. Ablative carbon dioxide laser (ACL), while effective, is associated with undesirable side effect profiles. Newer modalities using the principles of fractional photothermolysis (FP) produce modest results than traditional carbon dioxide (CO(2)) lasers but with fewer side effects. A novel ablative CO(2) laser device use a technique called ablative fractional resurfacing (AFR), combines CO(2) ablation with a FP system. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Q-switched 1064-nm Nd: YAG laser and that of fractional CO(2) laser in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe acne scarring.



Sixty four subjects with moderate to severe facial acne scars were divided randomly into two groups. Group A received Q-Switched 1064-nm Nd: YAG laser and group B received fractional CO(2) laser. Two groups underwent four session treatment with laser at one month intervals. Results were evaluated by patients based on subjective satisfaction and physicians' assessment and photo evaluation by two blinded dermatologists. Assessments were obtained at baseline and at three and six months after final treatment.



Post-treatment side effects were mild and transient in both groups. According to subjective satisfaction (p = 0.01) and physicians' assessment (p < 0.001), fractional CO(2) laser was significantly more effective than Q- Switched 1064- nm Nd: YAG laser.



Fractional CO2 laser has the most significant effect on the improvement of atrophic facial acne scars, compared with Q-Switched 1064-nm Nd: YAG laser.
Hyperbolic Recommender Systems

Many well-established recommender systems are based on representation learning in Euclidean space. In these models, matching functions such as the Euclidean distance or inner product are typically used for computing similarity scores between user and item embeddings. This paper investigates the notion of learning user and item representations in Hyperbolic space. In this paper, we argue that Hyperbolic space is more suitable for learning user-item embeddings in the recommendation domain. Unlike Euclidean spaces, Hyperbolic spaces are intrinsically equipped to handle hierarchical structure, encouraged by its property of exponentially increasing distances away from origin. We propose HyperBPR (Hyperbolic Bayesian Personalized Ranking), a conceptually simple but highly effective model for the task at hand. Our proposed HyperBPR not only outperforms their Euclidean counterparts, but also achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple benchmark datasets, demonstrating the effectiveness of personalized recommendation in Hyperbolic space.
Locating blood vessels in retinal images by piecewise threshold probing of a matched filter response

Describes an automated method to locate and outline blood vessels in images of the ocular fundus. Such a tool should prove useful to eye care specialists for purposes of patient screening, treatment evaluation, and clinical study. The authors' method differs from previously known methods in that it uses local and global vessel features cooperatively to segment the vessel network. The authors evaluate their method using hand-labeled ground truth segmentations of 20 images. A plot of the operating characteristic shows that the authors' method reduces false positives by as much as 15 times over basic thresholding of a matched filter response (MFR), at up to a 75% true positive rate. For a baseline, they also compared the ground truth against a second hand-labeling, yielding a 90% true positive and a 4% false positive detection rate, on average. These numbers suggest there is still room for a 15% true positive rate improvement, with the same false positive rate, over the authors' method. They are making all their images and hand labelings publicly available for interested researchers to use in evaluating related methods.
Implementation of a Wireless Communication System - A Review

In early days, the data transfer was done by wired media like co-axial cable(s), fiber optic cable(s) etc. The era has gone. Nowadays wired media is replaced by wireless means, for which Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth and Dash7 (Wireless Sensor Networks) are used. Out of these techniques, Bluetooth is mostly used nowadays. This study emphasizes that wireless communication system for secured data transfer can be done by Bluetooth connectivity. Bluetooth devices are short range and meant for low power utilization, allowing communication between various devices. Various algorithms have been developed for the purpose of providing security to the data to be transferred. Main techniques are DES (Data Encryption Standards), AES (Advanced Encryption Standards), and EES (Escrowed Encryption Standards). Out of them, the Advanced Encryption Standards is the most widely used. This study analyzes the development of fully secured wireless connection terminals on a FPGA where connection is established using Bluetooth technology and advanced encryption standards (AES) are used to initialize the secured algorithm for data exchange. RC-10 Prototyping board with Xilinx Spartan-III XC3S1500L-4-FG320 FPGA device is used for hardware evaluation of system design.
General surgery residents' perception of robot-assisted procedures during surgical training.

With the continued expansion of robotically assisted procedures, general surgery residents continue to receive more exposure to this new technology as part of their training. There are currently no guidelines or standardized training requirements for robot-assisted procedures during general surgical residency. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of this new technology on general surgery training from the residents' perspective.



An anonymous, national, web-based survey was conducted on residents enrolled in general surgery training in 2013. The survey was sent to 240 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-approved general surgery training programs.



Overall, 64% of the responding residents were men and had an average age of 29 years. Half of the responses were from postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and PGY2 residents, and the remainder was from the PGY3 level and above. Overall, 50% of the responses were from university training programs, 32% from university-affiliated programs, and 18% from community-based programs. More than 96% of residents noted the availability of the surgical robot system at their training institution. Overall, 63% of residents indicated that they had participated in robotic surgical cases. Most responded that they had assisted in 10 or fewer robotic cases with the most frequent activities being assisting with robotic trocar placement and docking and undocking the robot. Only 18% reported experience with operating the robotic console. More senior residents (PGY3 and above) were involved in robotic cases compared with junior residents (78% vs 48%, p < 0.001). Overall, 60% of residents indicated that they received no prior education or training before their first robotic case. Approximately 64% of residents reported that formal training in robotic surgery was important in residency training and 46% of residents indicated that robotic-assisted cases interfered with resident learning. Only 11% felt that robotic-assisted cases would replace conventional laparoscopic surgery in the future.



This study illustrates that although the most residents have a robot at their institution and have participated in robotic surgery cases, very few residents received formal training before participating in a robotic case.
Android Rooting: Methods, Detection, and Evasion

Android rooting enables device owners to freely customize their own devices and run useful apps that require root privileges. While useful, rooting weakens the security of Android devices and opens the door for malware to obtain privileged access easily. Thus, several rooting prevention mechanisms have been introduced by vendors, and sensitive or high-value mobile apps perform rooting detection to mitigate potential security exposures on rooted devices. However, there is a lack of understanding whether existing rooting prevention and detection methods are effective. To fill this knowledge gap, we studied existing Android rooting methods and performed manual and dynamic analysis on 182 selected apps, in order to identify current rooting detection methods and evaluate their effectiveness. Our results suggest that these methods are ineffective. We conclude that reliable methods for detecting rooting must come from integrity-protected kernels or trusted execution environments, which are difficult to bypass.
Reduction of Conjunctival Fibrosis After Trabeculectomy Using Topical α-Lipoic Acid in Rabbit Eyes

To evaluate the efficacy of α-lipoic acid (ALA) in reducing scarring after trabeculectomy.



Eighteen adult New Zealand white rabbits underwent trabeculectomy. During trabeculectomy, thin sponges were placed between the sclera and Tenon's capsule for 3 minutes, saline solution, mitomycin-C (MMC) and ALA was applied to the control group (CG) (n=6 eyes), MMC group (MMCG) (n=6 eyes), and ALA group (ALAG) (n=6 eyes), respectively. After surgery, topical saline and ALA was applied for 28 days to the control and ALAGs, respectively. Filtrating bleb patency was evaluated by using 0.1% trepan blue. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining for toxicity, total cellularity, and collagen organization; α-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry staining performed for myofibroblast phenotype identification.



Clinical evaluation showed that all 6 blebs (100%) of the CG had failed, whereas there were only 2 failures (33%) in the ALAG and no failures in the MMCG on day 28. Histologic evaluation showed significantly lower inflammatory cell infiltration in the ALAGs and CGs than the MMCG. Toxicity change was more significant in the MMCG than the control and ALAGs. Collagen was better organized in the ALAG than control and MMCGs. In immunohistochemistry evaluation, ALA significantly reduced the population of cells expressing α-smooth muscle action.



ΑLA prevents and/or reduces fibrosis by inhibition of inflammation pathways, revascularization, and accumulation of extracellular matrix. It can be used as an agent for delaying tissue regeneration and for providing a more functional-permanent fistula.
Tutorial: Current state of P vs NP problem

Do I understand the problem of P vs. NP? The answer is a simple "no". If I were to understand the problem, I would've solved it as well" — This is the current state of many theoretical computer scientists around the world. Apart from a bag of laureates waiting for the person who successfully understands this most popular millennium prize riddle, this is also considered to be a game changer in both mathematics and computer science. According to Scott Aaronson, "If P = NP, then the world would be a profoundly different place than we usually assume it to be". The speaker intends to share the part that he understood on the problem, and about the efforts that were recently put-forth in cracking the same.
The history of UTAUT model and its impact on ICT acceptance and usage by academicians

This paper started with the review of the history of technology acceptance model from TRA to UTAUT. The expected contribution is to bring to lime light the current development stage of the technology acceptance model. Based on this, the paper examined the impact of UTAUT model on ICT acceptance and usage in HEIs. The UTAUT model theory was verified using regressions analysis to understand the behavioral intention of the ADSU academic staffs’ acceptance and use of ICT in their workplace. The research objective is to measure the most influential factors for the acceptance and usage of ICT by ADSU academic staff and to identify the barriers. Two null hypotheses were stated: (1) the academic staff of ADSU rejects acceptance and usage of ICT in their workplace. (2) UTAUT does not predict the successful acceptance of ICT by the academic staff of the Adamawa State University. In summary, our findings shows that the four constructs of UTAUT have significant positive influence and impact on the behavioral intention to accept and use ICT by the ADSU academic staff. This shows that university academic staff will intend to use ICT that they believe will improve their job performance and are easy to use. The facilitating conditions such as appropriate hardware, software, training and support should be in place by the management. In the Adamawa State University, EE and SI are found to be the most influential predictors of academic staff acceptance of ICT and use among the four constructs of UTAUT. The greatest barriers are time and technical support for staff. Knowledge gained from the study is beneficial to both the university academic staff and the Nigerian ICT policy makers.
Semantic distance in WordNet: An experimental, application-oriented evaluation of five measures

Five different proposed measures of similarity or semantic distance in WordNet were experimentally compared by examining their performance in a real-word spelling correction system. It was found that Jiang and Conrath’s measure gave the best results overall. That of Hirst and St-Onge seriously over-related, that of Resnik seriously under-related, and those of Lin and of Leacock and Chodorow fell in between.
Do open youth unemployment and youth programs leave the same mental health scars?--Evidence from a Swedish 27-year cohort study.

Recent findings suggest that the mental health costs of unemployment are related to both short- and long-term mental health scars. The main policy tools for dealing with young people at risk of labor market exclusion are Active Labor Market Policy programs for youths (youth programs). There has been little research on the potential effects of participation in youth programs on mental health and even less on whether participation in such programs alleviates the long-term mental health scarring caused by unemployment. This study compares exposure to open youth unemployment and exposure to youth program participation between ages 18 and 21 in relation to adult internalized mental health immediately after the end of the exposure period at age 21 and two decades later at age 43.



The study uses a five wave Swedish 27-year prospective cohort study consisting of all graduates from compulsory school in an industrial town in Sweden initiated in 1981. Of the original 1083 participants 94.3% of those alive were still participating at the 27-year follow up. Exposure to open unemployment and youth programs were measured between ages 18-21. Mental health, indicated through an ordinal level three item composite index of internalized mental health symptoms (IMHS), was measured pre-exposure at age 16 and post exposure at ages 21 and 42. Ordinal regressions of internalized mental health at ages 21 and 43 were performed using the Polytomous Universal Model (PLUM). Models were controlled for pre-exposure internalized mental health as well as other available confounders.



Results show strong and significant relationships between exposure to open youth unemployment and IMHS at age 21 (OR = 2.48, CI = 1.57-3.60) as well as at age 43 (OR = 1.71, CI = 1.20-2.43). No such significant relationship is observed for exposure to youth programs at age 21 (OR = 0.95, CI = 0.72-1.26) or at age 43 (OR = 1.23, CI = 0.93-1.63).



A considered and consistent active labor market policy directed at youths could potentially reduce the short- and long-term mental health costs of youth unemployment.
A repressor complex governs the integration of flowering signals in Arabidopsis.

Multiple genetic pathways act in response to developmental cues and environmental signals to promote the floral transition, by regulating several floral pathway integrators. These include FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1). We show that the flowering repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) is controlled by the autonomous, thermosensory, and gibberellin pathways, and directly represses SOC1 transcription in the shoot apex and leaf. Moreover, FT expression in the leaf is also modulated by SVP. SVP protein associates with the promoter regions of SOC1 and FT, where another potent repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) binds. SVP consistently interacts with FLC in vivo during vegetative growth and their function is mutually dependent. Our findings suggest that SVP is another central regulator of the flowering regulatory network, and that the interaction between SVP and FLC mediated by various flowering genetic pathways governs the integration of flowering signals.
Orthodontic treatment with a series of removable appliances.

In the United States, the demand for straight white teeth has never been more important to patients. Crowded, poorly aligned teeth are not esthetically pleasing and are difficult to keep clean. However, until recently, the process of straightening the teeth typically has involved appliances involving bands, brackets and wires that also can be difficult to clean. The desire for a cosmetic solution to misaligned teeth has led to an increase in the number of patients seeking veneers, crowns and other laboratory-fabricated cosmetic restorations. Some clinicians are not aware that there are other ways to align teeth without either significant enamel reduction or conspicuous fixed orthodontic appliances.



An alternative method of treatment, involving a series of clear removable appliances, circumvents this shortcoming and enables tooth alignment while avoiding deterioration in the cosmetics of the smile during treatment. This article describes a method of treatment, Invisalign (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif.), that clinicians can use in conjunction with 3-D computer models to accomplish the esthetic and oral hygiene objectives during and after treatment.



The authors present three case reports, all involving a chief concern of crowding. The first case involved treatment of both arches by interproximal reduction, alignment of teeth and leveling the curve of Spee. The second case involved treatment of both arches by proclination, expansion and minor interproximal reduction. The final case shows relief of lower-arch crowding via lower-incisor extraction.



In addition to satisfying the patient's chief concern of desiring straight teeth, this method of treatment satisfies additional objectives of esthetic treatment and esthetic results with significant oral hygiene benefits. Clinicians can address a patient's chief concern effectively without requiring an inventory of appliances (such as bands, brackets, wires and instruments). Furthermore, the use of 3-D computer models can give clinicians additional information to make more complete decisions regarding treatment.
A Novel MIMO - OFDM Technique for Improving Wireless Communications System Performance based on SF–BC

In this work, the author implemented a NOVEL technique of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based on space frequency block coding (SF-BC). Where, the implemented code is designed based on the QOC using the techniques of the reconfigurable antennas. The proposed system is implemented using MATLAB program, and the results showing best performance of a wireless communications system of higher coding gain and diversity.
[Multiple papules on a circumcision wound].

Un patient de 23 ans a été adressé en dermatologie par la consultation de proctologie pour diagnostic et traitement de lésions génitales siégeant sur le fourreau de la verge. À l’examen, il s’agissait de lésions multiples, indolores, de quelques millimètres, pédiculées, couleur de la semi-muqueuse normale et d’allure papillomateuse, prenant une disposition circonférentielle sur le fourreau de la verge, à distance de la couronne balanique . Le diagnostic évoqué initialement était celui de condylomes acuminés multiples en raison de l’existence de condylomes anaux en cours de traitement. L’aspect clinique et l’anamnèse n’étaient toutefois pas en faveur de ce diagnostic. En effet, ces lésions étaient connues depuis de nombreuses années. Elles étaient apparues progressivement au cours de l’enfance, après la circoncision. Un prélèvement biopsique a été effectué et l’examen histologique montrait essentiellement une hyperplasie de filets nerveux du derme caractéristiques de névromes post-traumatiques . Il n’y avait pas de signes histologiques en faveur d’un papillome viral.
Premature termination of nursing secondary to Serratia marcescens breast pump contamination.

Serratia marcescens, a known pathogen associated with postpartum mastitis, may be identified by its characteristic pigmentation.



A 36-year-old P0102 woman presented postpartum and said that her breast pump tubing had turned bright pink. S marcescens was isolated, indicating colonization. She was started on antibiotics. After viewing an Internet report in which a patient nearly died from a Serratia infection, she immediately stopped breastfeeding.



Serratia colonization may be noted before the development of overt infection. Because this pathogen can be associated with mastitis, physicians should be ready to treat and should encourage patients to continue nursing after clearance of the organism. Exposure to sensational Internet reports may make treatment recommendations difficult.
Uniform-sized silicone oil microemulsions: preparation, investigation of stability and deposition on hair surface.

Emulsions are commonly used in foods, pharmaceuticals and home-personal-care products. For emulsion based products, it is highly desirable to control the droplet size distribution to improve storage stability, appearance and in-use property. We report preparation of uniform-sized silicone oil microemulsions with different droplets diameters (1.4-40.0 μm) using SPG membrane emulsification technique. These microemulsions were then added into model shampoos and conditioners to investigate the effects of size, uniformity, and storage stability on silicone oil deposition on hair surface. We observed much improved storage stability of uniform-sized microemulsions when the droplets diameter was ≤22.7 μm. The uniform-sized microemulsion of 40.0 μm was less stable but still more stable than non-uniform sized microemulsions prepared by conventional homogenizer. The results clearly indicated that uniform-sized droplets enhanced the deposition of silicone oil on hair and deposition increased with decreasing droplet size. Hair switches washed with small uniform-sized droplets had lower values of coefficient of friction compared with those washed with larger uniform and non-uniform droplets. Moreover the addition of alginate thickener in the shampoos and conditioners further enhanced the deposition of silicone oil on hair. The good correlation between silicone oil droplets stability, deposition on hair and resultant friction of hair support that droplet size and uniformity are important factors for controlling the stability and deposition property of emulsion based products such as shampoo and conditioner.
A Proxy Server-Network for Real-Time Computer Games

Computer games played over the Internet have recently become an important class of distributed applications. In this paper we present a novel proxy server-network topology aiming at improved scalability of multiplayer games and low latency in client-server data transmission. We present a mechanism to efficiently synchronize the distributed state of a game based on the concept of eventual consistency. We analyse the benefits of our approach compared to commonly used client-server and peer-to-peer topologies, and present first experimental results.