nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Port Reconfigurable Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna With Quad-Polarization Diversity

We propose a magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna which is able to provide four states of polarization control, namely, the linear polarization (LP) in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-direction, LP in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-direction, left-hand circular polarization (CP), and right-hand CP. Under each of the two LP states, the reconfigurable ME dipole can be further tuned to work in two adjacent frequency ranges (i.e., a relatively higher band and a lower band). The uniqueness of this design arises from the fact that all the polarization and frequency agilities can be realized with a single port and without complicate feeding network, thus eliminating the insertion loss and considerably increased design complexity associated with a reconfigurable feeding network. Other advantages that make the proposed design attractive comparing with conventional reconfigurable microstrip antennas include the comparatively stable and high gain, nearly the same gain for both linear and CPs, symmetrical radiation pattern, and low back radiation level at the operating frequencies.
GPU accelerated registration of a statistical shape model of the lumbar spine to 3D ultrasound images

Spinal needle injections are technically demanding procedures. The use of ultrasound image guidance without prior CT and MR imagery promises to improve the efficacy and safety of these procedures in an affordable manner.  We propose to create a statistical shape model of the lumbar spine and warp this atlas to patient-specific ultrasound images during the needle placement procedure. From CT image volumes of 35 patients, statistical shape model of the L3 vertebra is built, including mean shape and main modes of variation. This shape model is registered to the ultrasound data by simultaneously optimizing the parameters of the model and its relative pose. Ground-truth data was established by printing 3D anatomical models of 3 patients using a rapid prototyping. CT and ultrasound data of these models were registered using fiducial markers.  Pairwise registration of the statistical shape model and 3D ultrasound images led to a mean target registration error of 3.4 mm, while 81% of all cases yielded clinically acceptable accuracy below the 3.5 mm threshold.
The Role of Exercise and Patient Education in the Noninvasive Management of Whiplash.

Synopsis The majority of people with whiplash-associated disorder do not have neurological deficit or fracture and are therefore largely managed with nonsurgical interventions such as exercise, patient education, and behavioral-based interventions. To date, clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, and the results of high-quality randomized controlled trials recommend exercise and patient education as the primary interventions for people in both acute and chronic stages after injury. However, the relatively weak evidence and small effect sizes in individual trials have led authors of some systematic reviews to reach equivocal recommendations for either exercise or patient education, and led policy makers and funders to question whether the more expensive intervention (exercise) should be funded at all. Physical therapists, one of the most commonly consulted professionals treating individuals with whiplash-associated disorder, need to look beyond the evidence for insights as to what role patient education and exercise should play in the future management of whiplash. This clinical commentary therefore will review the evidence for exercise, patient education, and behavioral-based interventions for whiplash and provide clinical insight as to the future role that exercise and patient education should play in the management of this complex condition. Possible subgroups of patients who may best respond to exercise will be explored using stratification based on impairments, treatment response, and risk/prognostic factors.  2017;47(7):481-491.
Application-specific quantum for multi-core platform scheduler

Scheduling has a significant influence on application performance. Deciding on a quantum length can be very tricky, especially when concurrent applications have various characteristics. This is actually the case in virtualized cloud computing environments where virtual machines from different users are colocated on the same physical machine. We claim that in a multi-core virtualized platform, different quantum lengths should be associated with different application types. We apply this principle in a new scheduler called AQL_Sched. We identified 5 main application types and experimentally found the best quantum length for each of them. Dynamically, AQL_Sched associates an application type with each virtual CPU (vCPU) and schedules vCPUs according to their type on physical CPU (pCPU) pools with the best quantum length. Therefore, each vCPU is scheduled on a pCPU with the best quantum length. We implemented a prototype of AQL_Sched in Xen and we evaluated it with various reference benchmarks (SPECweb2009, SPECmail2009, SPEC CPU2006, and PARSEC). The evaluation results show that AQL_Sched outperforms Xen's credit scheduler. For instance, up to 20%, 10% and 15% of performance improvements have been obtained with SPECweb2009, SPEC CPU2006 and PARSEC, respectively.
Regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with clitorally induced orgasm in healthy women.

There is a severe lack of knowledge regarding the brain regions involved in human sexual performance in general, and female orgasm in particular. We used [15O]-H2O positron emission tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 12 healthy women during a nonsexual resting state, clitorally induced orgasm, sexual clitoral stimulation (sexual arousal control) and imitation of orgasm (motor output control). Extracerebral markers of sexual performance and orgasm were rectal pressure variability (RPstd) and perceived level of sexual arousal (PSA). Sexual stimulation of the clitoris (compared to rest) significantly increased rCBF in the left secondary and right dorsal primary somatosensory cortex, providing the first account of neocortical processing of sexual clitoral information. In contrast, orgasm was mainly associated with profound rCBF decreases in the neocortex when compared with the control conditions (clitoral stimulation and imitation of orgasm), particularly in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex, inferior temporal gyrus and anterior temporal pole. Significant positive correlations were found between RPstd and rCBF in the left deep cerebellar nuclei, and between PSA and rCBF in the ventral midbrain and right caudate nucleus. We propose that decreased blood flow in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex signifies behavioural disinhibition during orgasm in women, and that deactivation of the temporal lobe is directly related to high sexual arousal. In addition, the deep cerebellar nuclei may be involved in orgasm-specific muscle contractions while the involvement of the ventral midbrain and right caudate nucleus suggests a role for dopamine in female sexual arousal and orgasm.
Time-Domain Broadband 60 GHz Channel Sounder for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Measurement

The paper deals with a time varying vehicle-to-vehicle channel measurement in the 60 GHz millimeter wave (MMW) band using a unique time-domain channel sounder built from off-the-shelf components and standard measurement devices and employing Golay complementary sequences as the excitation signal. The aim of this work is to describe the sounder architecture, primary data processing technique, achievable system parameters, and preliminary measurement results. We measured the signal propagation between two passing vehicles and characterized the signal reflected by a car driving on a highway. The proper operation of the channel sounder is verified by a reference measurement performed with an MMW vector network analyzer in a rugged stationary office environment. The goal of the paper is to show the measurement capability of the sounder and its superior features like 8 GHz measuring bandwidth enabling high time resolution or good dynamic range allowing an analysis of weak multipath components.
Coexistence challenges for heterogeneous cognitive wireless networks in TV white spaces

In order to improve utilization of TV spectrum, regulatory bodies around the world have been developing rules to allow operation by unlicensed users in these bands provided that interference to incumbent broadcasters is avoided. Thus, new services may opportunistically use temporarily unoccupied TV channels, known as television white space. This has motivated several standardization efforts such as IEEE 802.22, 802.11af, 802.19 TG1, and ECMA 392 to further cognitive networking. Specifically, multiple collocated secondary networks are expected to use TVWS, each with distinct requirements (bandwidth, transmission power, different system architectures, and device types) that must all comply with regulatory requirements to protect incumbents. Heterogeneous coexistence in the TVWS is thus expected to be an important research challenge. This article introduces the current regulatory scenario, emerging standards for cognitive wireless networks targeting the TVWS, and discusses possible coexistence scenarios and associated challenges. Furthermore, the article casts an eye on future considerations for these upcoming standards in support of spectrum sharing opportunities as a function of network architecture evolution.
Innovation , Firm Dynamics , and International Trade

We present a simple general equilibrium model of the decisions of firms to innovate and to engage in international trade. We use the model to analyze the impact of a reduction in international trade costs on firms’ innovative activity. In our model, monopolistically competitive firms invest managerial time to lower their marginal cost of production. We first show analytically that if all firms export with equal intensity, then a reduction in international trade costs has no impact at all on firms’ investments in innovation. We then analyze the impact of a reduction in marginal trade costs on firms’ innovation in a quantitative version of the model in which only a fraction of firms choose to export. Here, a reduction in trade costs leads to a reallocation of investment in innovation from firms that do not export to firms that do export. This reallocation of innovative investment reinforces existing patterns of comparative advantage and leads to an amplified response of trade volumes and output over time. Nevertheless, quantitatively, the welfare gains from a reduction in trade costs are small since investments in innovation require current resources and take a long time to pay off. ∗UCLA, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, and NBER. †UCLA and NBER.
Evaluation of whole‐body MR to CT deformable image registration

Multimodality image registration plays a crucial role in various clinical and research applications. The aim of this study is to present an optimized MR to CT whole-body deformable image registration algorithm and its validation using clinical studies. A 3D intermodality registration technique based on B-spline transformation was performed using optimized parameters of the elastix package based on the Insight Toolkit (ITK) framework. Twenty-eight (17 male and 11 female) clinical studies were used in this work. The registration was evaluated using anatomical landmarks and segmented organs. In addition to 16 anatomical landmarks, three key organs (brain, lungs, and kidneys) and the entire body volume were segmented for evaluation. Several parameters--such as the Euclidean distance between anatomical landmarks, target overlap, Dice and Jaccard coefficients, false positives and false negatives, volume similarity, distance error, and Hausdorff distance--were calculated to quantify the quality of the registration algorithm. Dice coefficients for the majority of patients (> 75%) were in the 0.8-1 range for the whole body, brain, and lungs, which satisfies the criteria to achieve excellent alignment. On the other hand, for kidneys, Dice coefficients for volumes of 25% of the patients meet excellent volume agreement requirement, while the majority of patients satisfy good agreement criteria (> 0.6). For all patients, the distance error was in 0-10 mm range for all segmented organs. In summary, we optimized and evaluated the accuracy of an MR to CT deformable registration algorithm. The registered images constitute a useful 3D whole-body MR-CT atlas suitable for the development and evaluation of novel MR-guided attenuation correction procedures on hybrid PET-MR systems.
High-resolution LIDAR-based depth mapping using bilateral filter

High resolution depth-maps, obtained by upsampling sparse range data from a 3D-LIDAR, find applications in many fields ranging from sensory perception to semantic segmentation and object detection. Upsampling is often based on combining data from a monocular camera to compensate the low-resolution of a LIDAR. This paper, on the other hand, introduces a novel framework to obtain dense depth-map solely from a single LIDAR point cloud; which is a research direction that has been barely explored. The formulation behind the proposed depth-mapping process relies on local spatial interpolation, using sliding-window (mask) technique, and on the Bilateral Filter (BF) where the variable of interest, the distance from the sensor, is considered in the interpolation problem. In particular, the BF is conveniently modified to perform depth-map upsampling such that the edges (foreground-background discontinuities) are better preserved by means of a proposed method which influences the range-based weighting term. Other methods for spatial upsampling are discussed, evaluated and compared in terms of different error measures. This paper also researches the role of the mask's size in the performance of the implemented methods. Quantitative and qualitative results from experiments on the KITTI Database, using LIDAR point clouds only, show very satisfactory performance of the approach introduced in this work.
Mining search engine query logs for query recommendation

This paper presents a simple and intuitive method for mining search engine query logs to get fast query recommendations on a large scale industrial strength search engine. In order to get a more comprehensive solution, we combine two methods together. On the one hand, we study and model search engine users' sequential search behavior, and interpret this consecutive search behavior as client-side query refinement, that should form the basis for the search engine's own query refinement process. On the other hand, we combine this method with a traditional content based similarity method to compensate for the high sparsity of real query log data, and more specifically, the shortness of most query sessions. To evaluate our method, we use one hundred day worth query logs from SINA' search engine to do off-line mining. Then we analyze three independent editors evaluations on a query test set. Based on their judgement, our method was found to be effective for finding related queries, despite its simplicity. In addition to the subjective editors' rating, we also perform tests based on actual anonymous user search sessions.
Passive Bistatic Radar (PBR) using FM radio illuminators of opportunity

We present a system characterisation of a passive bistatic radar (PBR). The system under investigation exploits dasiailluminators of opportunitypsila, which in this case are commercial, non-cooperative, VHF FM broadcast transmissions. The PBR under investigation demonstrates the detection of large passenger-jet aircraft in the airspace over greater London. FM based PBRs such as the type examined here have been shown to be effective at remote sensing of auroral turbulence, density irregularities in the E-region and F-region of the ionosphere and meteor trails. Detection of aircraft is an important step in attempting to remotely sense outer-atmospheric phenomena as aircraft scattered power is of a comparable magnitude and similar Doppler frequency to the natural phenomena described. This paper also analyses the merits of FM broadcast transmissions for use as radar signals. A system characterisation with performance predictions is presented. The results show that target detections have been achieved to ranges in excess of 70 km (bistatic range). Multiple broadcast channels from two different transmitters of opportunity enhance the case for deciding whether or not targets are present. Air-truth data provided by a mode S/ADS-B IFF receiver is used for comparison with the 2-D bistatic results.
Migrating AS400-COBOL to Java: A Report from the Field

This paper describes an industrial project aimed at migrating legacy COBOL programs running on an IBM-AS400 to Java for running in an open environment. The unique aspect of this migration is the reengineering of the COBOL code prior to migration. The programs were in their previous form hardwired to the AS400 screens as well as to the AS400 file system. The goal of the reengineering project was to free the code from these proprietary dependencies and to reduce them to the pure business logic. Disentangling legacy code from it's physical environment is a major prerequisite to converting that code to another environment. The goal is the virtualization of program interfaces. That was accomplished here in a multistep automated process which led to small, environment independent COBOL modules which could be readily converted over into Java packages. The pilot project has been completed for a sample subset of the production planning and control system. The conversion to Java is pending the test of the reengineered COBOL modules.
Propagation of electromagnetic radiation in mitochondria?

Mitochondria are the main source of ultra-weak chemiluminescence generated by reactive oxygen species, which are continuously formed during the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Vertebrate cells show typically filamentous mitochondria associated with the microtubules of the cytoskeleton, forming together a continuous network (mitochondrial reticulum). The refractive index of both mitochondria and microtubules is higher than the surrounding cytoplasm, which results that the mitochondrial reticulum can act as an optical waveguide, i.e. electromagnetic radiation can propagate within the network. A detailed analysis of the inner structure of mitochondria shows, that they can be optically modelled as a multi-layer system with alternating indices of refraction. The parameters of this multi-layer system are dependent on the physiologic state of the mitochondria. The effect of the multi-layer system on electromagnetic radiation propagating along the mitochondrial reticulum is analysed by the transfer-matrix method. If induced light emission could take place in mitochondria, the multi-layer system could lead to lasing action like it has been realized in technical distributed feedback laser. Based on former reports about the influence of external illumination on the physiology of mitochondria it is speculated whether there exists some kind of long-range interaction between individual mitochondria mediated by electromagnetic radiation.
Citation graph, weighted impact factors and performance indices

A scheme of evaluating an impact of a given scientific paper based on importance of papers quoting it is investigated. Introducing a weight of a given citation, dependent on the previous scientific achievements of the author of the citing paper, we define the weighting factor of a given scientist. Technically the weighting factors are defined by the components of the normalized leading eigenvector of the matrix describing the citation graph. The weighting factor of a given scientist, reflecting the scientific output of other researchers quoting his work, allows us to define weighted number of citation of a given paper, weighted impact factor of a journal and weighted Hirsch index of an individual scientist or of an entire scientific institution.
A Novel Learning-based Global Path Planning Algorithm for Planetary Rovers

Autonomous path planning algorithms are significant to planetary exploration rovers, since relying on commands from Earth will heavily reduce their efficiency of executing exploration missions. This paper proposes a novel learning-based algorithm to deal with global path planning problem for planetary exploration rovers. Specifically, a novel deep convolutional neural network with double branches (DB-CNN) is designed and trained, which can plan path directly from orbital images of planetary surfaces without implementing environment mapping. Moreover, the planning procedure requires no prior knowledge about planetary surface terrains. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that DBCNN achieves better performance on global path planning and faster convergence during training compared with the existing Value Iteration Network (VIN).
Information Technology Project Management and Project Success

One of the most important issues for organizations and information technology professionals is the success of information technology (IT) projects. This study reviews a survey of financial executives and examines their views on aspects of project management and project success. First, it was found that overall systems development projects are viewed as being successful by organizations. Next, a series of analyses were performed to assess several variables’ impact on IT project success. Skilled project measurement was found to result in higher IT project success. Restrictions on IT application development were found to correlate to lower IT project success. The most important project consideration did not affect project success. Finally, a significant positive relationship was found between the IT project success and overall IT returns. The implications, limitations, and conclusions of these findings are discussed. The study can be used as a basis for further exploration on project management success, influencing variables, and motivators. The findings can also be used to guide management teams in project management decisions to maximize returns to their organizations. The paper studies a large secondary data sample set, which empirically reviews corporations’ experiences with project management. In addition, it explores variables influencing overall project management success perception.  Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. . Against this backdrop, some researchers have attempted to analyze either reasons for failure or processes that can lead to success. The validity of these dismal returns has been challenged recently, including even the CHAOS report (Eveleens & Verhoef, 2010). As a result, the actual success rates of information technology projects remain elusive.