nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep context-aware descreening and rescreening of halftone images

A fully automatic method for descreening halftone images is presented based on convolutional neural networks with end-to-end learning. Incorporating context level information, the proposed method not only removes halftone artifacts but also synthesizes the fine details lost during halftone. The method consists of two main stages. In the first stage, intrinsic features of the scene are extracted, the low-frequency reconstruction of the image is estimated, and halftone patterns are removed. For the intrinsic features, the edges and object-categories are estimated and fed to the next stage as strong visual and contextual cues. In the second stage, fine details are synthesized on top of the low-frequency output based on an adversarial generative model. In addition, the novel problem of rescreening is addressed, where a natural input image is halftoned so as to be similar to a separately given reference halftone image. To this end, a two-stage convolutional neural network is also presented. Both networks are trained with millions of before-and-after example image pairs of various halftone styles. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations are provided, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Prosopographical Views to Finnish WW2 Casualties Through Cemeteries and Linked Open Data

This paper presents an application for studying the death records of WW2 casualties from a prosopograhical perspective, provided by the various local military cemeteries where the dead were buried. The idea is to provide the end user with a global visual map view on the places in which the casualties were buried as well as with a local historical perspective on what happened to the casualties that lay within a particular cemetery of a village or town. Plenty of data exists about the Second World War (WW2), but the data is typically archived in unconnected, isolated silos in different organizations. This makes it difficult to track down, visualize, and study information that is contained within multiple distinct datasets. In our work, this problem is solved using aggregated Linked Open Data provided by the WarSampo Data Service and SPARQL endpoint.
Fingerprint Based Attendance Management System with SMS Alert to Parents

The system includes terminal fingerprint acquisitio n module and attendance module. It can realize automatically such functions as information acquisi tion of fingerprint, processing, and wireless trans mission, fingerprint matching and making an attendance repor t. After taking the attendance, this system sends t he attendance of every student to their parent’s mobil e through GSM and also stored the attendance of res pective student to calculate the percentage of attendance a d alerts to class in charge. Attendance system fac ilitates access to the attendance of a particular student in a particular class. This system eliminates the nee d for stationary materials and personnel for the keeping of records and efforts of class in charge.
Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Heat Transfer Performance of Copper Foam Filled with Paraffin

The pore-scale numerical works on the effective thermal conductivity and melting process of copper foam filled with paraffin, and a phase-change material (PCM) with low thermal conductivity, were conducted by utilizing the two-dimensional (2D) hexahedron Calmidi-Mahajan (C-M) model and the three-dimensional (3D) dodecahedron Boomsma-Poulikakos (B-P) model. The unidirectional heat transfer experiment was established to investigate the effective thermal conductivity of the composite. The simulation results of the effective thermal conductivity of the composite in 2D C-M model were 6.93, 5.41, 4.22 and 2.75 W/(m·K), for porosity of 93%, 95%, 96% and 98% respectively, while the effective thermal conductivity of the composite in 3D B-P model were 7.07, 5.24, 3.07 and 1.22 W/(m·K). The simulated results were in agreement with the experimental data obtained for the composite. It was found that the copper foam can effectively enhance the thermal conductivity of the paraffin, i.e., the smaller the porosity of copper foam, the higher the effective thermal conductivity of the composite. In addition, the Fluent Solidification/Melting model was applied to numerically investigate the melting process of the paraffin in the pore. Lastly, the solid–liquid interface development, completely melted time and temperature field distribution of paraffin in the pore of copper foam were also discussed.
Sonar: Detecting SS7 Redirection Attacks with Audio-Based Distance Bounding

The global telephone network is relied upon by billions every day. Central to its operation is the Signaling System 7 (SS7) protocol, which is used for setting up calls, managing mobility, and facilitating many other network services. This protocol was originally built on the assumption that only a small number of trusted parties would be able to directly communicate with its core infrastructure. As a result, SS7 — as a feature — allows all parties with core access to redirect and intercept calls for any subscriber anywhere in the world. Unfortunately, increased interconnectivity with the SS7 network has led to a growing number of illicit call redirection attacks. We address such attacks with Sonar, a system that detects the presence of SS7 redirection attacks by securely measuring call audio round-trip times between telephony devices. This approach works because redirection attacks force calls to travel longer physical distances than usual, thereby creating longer end-to-end delay. We design and implement a distance bounding-inspired protocol that allows us to securely characterize the round-trip time between the two endpoints. We then use custom hardware deployed in 10 locations across the United States and a redirection testbed to characterize how distance affects round trip time in phone networks. We develop a model using this testbed and show Sonar is able to detect 70.9% of redirected calls between call endpoints of varying attacker proximity (300–7100 miles) with low false positive rates (0.3%). Finally, we ethically perform actual SS7 redirection attacks on our own devices with the help of an industry partner to demonstrate that Sonar detects 100% of such redirections in a real network (with no false positives). As such, we demonstrate that telephone users can reliably detect SS7 redirection attacks and protect the integrity of their calls.
Fingertip Detection Using Histogram of Gradients and Support Vector Machine

One important application in computer vision is detection of objects. This paper discusses detection of fingertips by using Histogram of Gradients (HOG) as the feature descriptor and Support Vector Machines (SVM) as the classifier. The SVM is trained to produce a classifier that is able to distinguish whether an image contains a fingertip or not. A total of 4200 images were collected by using a commercialgrade webcam, consisting of 2100 fingertip images and 2100 non-fingertip images, were used in the experiment. Our work evaluates the performance of the fingertip detection and the effects of the cell’s size of the HOG and the number of the training data have been studied. It has been found that as expected, the performance of the detection is improved as the number of training data is increased. Additionally, it has also been observed that the 10 x 10 size gives the best results in terms of accuracy in the detection. The highest classification accuracy obtained was less than 90%, which is thought mainly due to the changing orientation of the fingertip and quality of the images.
Noise power spectral density estimation based on optimal smoothing and minimum statistics

We describe a method to estimate the power spectral density of nonstationary noise when a noisy speech signal is given. The method can be combined with any speech enhancement algorithm which requires a noise power spectral density estimate. In contrast to other methods, our approach does not use a voice activity detector. Instead it tracks spectral minima in each frequency band without any distinction between speech activity and speech pause. By minimizing a conditional mean square estimation error criterion in each time step we derive the optimal smoothing parameter for recursive smoothing of the power spectral density of the noisy speech signal. Based on the optimally smoothed power spectral density estimate and the analysis of the statistics of spectral minima an unbiased noise estimator is developed. The estimator is well suited for real time implementations. Furthermore, to improve the performance in nonstationary noise we introduce a method to speed up the tracking of the spectral minima. Finally, we evaluate the proposed method in the context of speech enhancement and low bit rate speech coding with various noise types.
Dermatitis caused by arthropods in domestic environment: an Italian multicentre study.

Skin diseases caused by mites and insects living in domestic environments have been rarely systematically studied.



To study patients with dermatitis induced by arthropods in domestic environment describing their clinical features, isolating culprit arthropods and relating the clinical features to the parasitological data.



The study was performed in 105 subjects with clinical and anamnestic data compatible with the differential diagnosis of ectoparasitoses in domestic environments. Clinical data and arthropods findings obtained by indoor dust direct examination were studied.



Indoor dust direct examination demonstrated possible arthropods infestation in 98 subjects (93.3%), more frequently mites (56.1%) (mainly Pyemotes ventricosus and Glycyphagus domesticus) than insects (43.9%) (mainly Formicidae and Bethylidae). Strophulus (46.9%) and urticaria-like eruption (36.7%) in upper limbs and trunk with severe extent were prevalent. Itch was mostly severe (66.3%) and continuous (55.1%). Ectoparasitoses occurred frequently with acute course in summer (44.9%) and spring (30.6%).



Possible correlation between clinical and aetiological diagnosis of arthropods ectoparasitoses in domestic environments needs the close cooperation between dermatologist and parasitologist. This is crucial to successfully and definitely resolve skin lesions by eradicating the factors favouring infestation.
A Common Information Model Oriented Graph Database Framework for Power Systems

Common Information Model (CIM) is widely adopted by many utilities since it offers interoperability through standard information models. Storing, processing, retrieving, and providing concurrent access of the large power network models to the various power system applications in CIM framework are the current challenges faced by utility operators. As the power network models resemble largely connected-data sets, the design of CIM oriented database has to support high-speed data retrieval of the connected-data and efficient storage for processing. The graph database is gaining wide acceptance for storing and processing of largely connected-data for various applications. This paper presents a design of CIM oriented graph database (CIMGDB) for storing and processing the largely connected-data of power system applications. Three significant advantages of the CIMGDB are efficient data retrieval and storage, agility to adapt dynamic changes in CIM profile, and greater flexibility of modeling CIM unified modeling language (UML) in GDB. The CIMGDB does not need a predefined database schema. Therefore, the CIM semantics needs to be added to the artifacts of GDB for every instance of CIM objects storage. A CIM based object-graph mapping methodology is proposed to automate the process. An integration of CIMGDB and power system applications is discussed by an implementation architecture. The data-intensive network topology processing (NTP) is implemented, and demonstrated for six IEEE test networks and one practical 400 kV Maharashtra network. Results such as computation time of executing network topology processing evaluate the performance of the CIMGDB.
Induction of TNF Receptor I-Mediated Apoptosis via Two Sequential Signaling Complexes

Apoptosis induced by TNF-receptor I (TNFR1) is thought to proceed via recruitment of the adaptor FADD and caspase-8 to the receptor complex. TNFR1 signaling is also known to activate the transcription factor NF-kappa B and promote survival. The mechanism by which this decision between cell death and survival is arbitrated is not clear. We report that TNFR1-induced apoptosis involves two sequential signaling complexes. The initial plasma membrane bound complex (complex I) consists of TNFR1, the adaptor TRADD, the kinase RIP1, and TRAF2 and rapidly signals activation of NF-kappa B. In a second step, TRADD and RIP1 associate with FADD and caspase-8, forming a cytoplasmic complex (complex II). When NF-kappa B is activated by complex I, complex II harbors the caspase-8 inhibitor FLIP(L) and the cell survives. Thus, TNFR1-mediated-signal transduction includes a checkpoint, resulting in cell death (via complex II) in instances where the initial signal (via complex I, NF-kappa B) fails to be activated.
Efficient real-time video stabilization for UAVs using only IMU data

While some unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the capacity to carry mechanically stabilized camera equipment, weight limits or other problems may make mechanical stabilization impractical. As a result many UAVs rely on fixed cameras to provide a video stream to an operator or observer. With a fixed camera, the video stream is often unsteady due to the multirotor's movement from wind and acceleration. These video streams are often analyzed by both humans and machines, and the unwanted camera movement can cause problems for both. For a human observer, unwanted movement may simply make it harder to follow the video, while for computer algorithms, it may severely impair the algorithm's intended function. There has been significant research on how to stabilize videos using feature tracking to determine camera movement, which in turn is used to manipulate frames and stabilize the camera stream. We believe, however, that this process could be greatly simplified by using data from a UAV's on-board inertial measurement unit (IMU) to stabilize the camera feed. In this paper we present an algorithm for video stabilization based only on IMU data from a UAV platform. Our results show that our algorithm successfully stabilizes the camera stream with the added benefit of requiring less computational power.
Through silicon via process for effective multi-wafer integration

We propose a novel 3D integration method, called Vertical integration after Stacking (ViaS) process. The process enables 3D integration at significantly low cost, since it eliminates costly processing steps such as chemical vapor deposition used to form inorganic insulator layers and Cu plating used for via filling of vertical conductors. Furthermore, the technique does not require chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) nor temporary bonding to handle thin wafers. The integration technique consists of forming through silicon via (TSV) holes in pre-multi-stacked wafers (> 2 wafers) which have no initial vertical electrical interconnections, followed by insulation of holes by polymer coating and via filling by molten metal injection. In the technique, multiple wafers are etched at once to form TSV holes followed by coating of the holes by conformal thin polymer layers. Finally the holes are filled by using molten metal injection so that a formation of interlayer connections of arbitrary choice is possible. In this paper, we demonstrate 3-chip-stacked test vehicle with 50 × 50 μm-square TSVs assembled by using this technique.
Prolonging Sensor Network Lifetime Through Wireless Charging

The emerging wireless charging technology is a promising alternative to address the power constraint problem in sensor networks. Comparing to existing approaches, this technology can replenish energy in a more controllable manner and does not require accurate location of or physical alignment to sensor nodes. However, little work has been reported on designing and implementing a wireless charging system for sensor networks. In this paper, we design such a system, build a proof-of-concept prototype, conduct experiments on the prototype to evaluate its feasibility and performance in small-scale networks, and conduct extensive simulations to study its performance in large-scale networks. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system can utilize the wireless charging technology effectively to prolong the network lifetime through delivering energy by a robot to where it is needed. The effects of various configuration and design parameters have also been studied, which may serve as useful guidelines in actual deployment of the proposed system in practice.
A Comparison of Methods for Selecting Preferred Solutions in Multiobjective Decision Making

In multiobjective optimization problems, the identified Pareto Frontiers and Sets often contain too many solutions, which make it difficult for the decision maker to select a preferred alternative. To facilitate the selection task, decision making support tools can be used in different instances of the multiobjective optimization search to introduce preferences on the objectives or to give a condensed representation of the solutions on the Pareto Frontier, so as to offer to the decision maker a manageable picture of the solution alternatives. This paper presents a comparison of some a priori and a posteriori decision making support methods, aimed at aiding the decision maker in the selection of the preferred solutions. The considered methods are compared with respect to their application to a case study concerning the optimization of the test intervals of the components of a safety system of a nuclear power plant. The engine for the multiobjective optimization search is based on genetic algorithms.
A 4×40 Gb/s quad-lane CDR with shared frequency tracking and data dependent jitter filtering

A 4×40 Gb/s collaborative digital CDR is implemented in 28nm CMOS. The CDR is capable of recovering a low jitter clock from a partially-equalized or un-equalized eye by using a phase detection scheme that inherently filters out ISI edges. The CDR uses split feedback that simultaneously allows wider bandwidth and lower recovered clock jitter. A shared frequency tracking is also introduced that results in lower periodic jitter. Combining these techniques the CDR recovers a 10GHz clock from an eye containing 0.8UIpp DDJ and still achieves 1-10 MHz of tracking bandwidth while adding <; 300fs of jitter. Per lane CDR occupies only .06 mm2 and consumes 175 mW.
Discourse Structure and Concurrent Processes. Some Evidence from Pronominal Anaphora Interpretation

The aim of this paper is to take a look at discourse structure from the standpoint of pronominal anaphora processing and socalled ‘accessibility domains’. The core hypothesis of the paper is that attention-based anaphora interpretation models like Focus Theory or Centering Theory can be utilized in a more satisfying way if discourse is considered as a bundle of concurrent, interacting processes. Elaborating on this hypothesis, in the paper a central role is played by various notions borrowed from non-linear phonological frameworks.
Wide flare angle axially corrugated conical horn design for a classical offset dual-reflector antenna

This paper outlines the design of a wide flare angle axially corrugated conical horn for a classical offset dual-reflector antenna system. The design minimizes the input reflection coefficient of the horn and maximizes the antenna efficiency of the antenna system by simultaneously limiting the sidelobe and cross-polarization levels to the system specifications. The effects of the number of corrugations in the horn and the number of parameters used in the optimization are also investigated.
A new family of growth factors produced by the fat body and active on Drosophila imaginal disc cells.

By fractionating conditioned medium (CM) from Drosophila imaginal disc cell cultures, we have identified a family of Imaginal Disc Growth Factors (IDGFs), which are the first polypeptide growth factors to be reported from invertebrates. The active fraction from CM, as well as recombinant IDGFs, cooperate with insulin to stimulate the proliferation, polarization and motility of imaginal disc cells. The IDGF family in Drosophila includes at least five members, three of which are encoded by three genes in a tight cluster. The proteins are structurally related to chitinases, but they show an amino acid substitution that is known to abrogate catalytic activity. It therefore seems likely that they have evolved from chitinases but acquired a new growth-promoting function. The IDGF genes are expressed most strongly in the embryonic yolk cells and in the fat body of the embryo and larva. The predicted molecular structure, expression patterns, and mitogenic activity of these proteins suggest that they are secreted and transported to target tissues via the hemolymph. However, the genes are also expressed in embryonic epithelia in association with invagination movements, so the proteins may have local as well as systemic functions. Similar proteins are found in mammals and may constitute a novel class of growth factors.
Compact and Small Planar Monopole Antenna With Symmetrical L- and U-Shaped Slots for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

A small and compact triple-band microstrip-fed printed monopole antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular radiating patch with L- and U-shaped slots and ground plane. A parametric study on the lengths of the U- and L-shaped slots of the proposed antenna is provided to obtain the required operational frequency bands-namely, WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz). The proposed antenna is small (15 × 15 × 1.6 mm 3) when compared to previously well-known double- and triple-band monopole antennas. The simulation and measurement results show that the designed antenna is capable of operating over the 2.25-2.85, 3.4-4.15, and 4.45-8 GHz frequency bands while rejecting frequency ranges between these three bands. Omnidirectional radiation pattern and acceptable antenna gain are achieved over the operating bands.
The Paradoxes of Distributed Trust : Peer-to-Peer Architecture and User Confidence in Bitcoin

The decentralized electronic currency system Bitcoin gives the possibility to execute transactions via direct communication between users, without the need to resort to third parties entrusted with legitimizing the concerned monetary value. In its current state of development a recent, fast-changing, volatile and highly mediatized technology the discourses that unfold within spaces of information and discussion related to Bitcoin can be analysed in light of their ability to produce at once the representations of value, the practices according to which it is transformed and evolves, and the devices allowing for its implementation. The literature on the system is a testament to how the Bitcoin debates do not merely spread, communicate and diffuse representation of this currency, but are closely intertwined with the practice of the money itself. By focusing its attention on a specific corpus, that of expert discourse, the article shows how, introducing and discussing a specific device, dynamic or operation as being in some way related to trust, this expert knowledge contributes to the very definition and shaping of this trust within the Bitcoin system ultimately contributing to perform the shared definition of its value as a currency.