nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Heuristic offloading of concurrent tasks for computation-intensive applications in mobile cloud computing

Mobile applications are becoming increasingly computation-intensive, while the computing capacity of mobile devices is limited. A powerful way to reduce completion time of an application is to offload tasks to the cloud for execution. However, online offloading an application with general taskgraph is a difficult task. In this paper we present an online task offloading algorithm that minimizes the completion time of the application on the mobile device. We take cloud service time into account when making an offloading decision and we consider general taskgraphs for offloading. In our algorithm, for sequential tasks (i.e., line topology taskgraphs) we find the optimal offloading of tasks to the cloud. For concurrent tasks (i.e., general topology taskgraphs) we use a load-balancing heuristic to offload tasks to the cloud, such that the parallelism between the mobile and the cloud is maximized. Simulation results show that our algorithm has a performance of at least 85% of the optimal solution, and is significantly better than other existing algorithms.
Dither is Better than Dropout for Regularising Deep Neural Networks

Regularisation of deep neural networks (DNN) during training is critical to performance. By far the most popular method is known as dropout. Here, cast through the prism of signal processing theory, we compare and c ontrast the regularisation effects of dropout with those of dither. We illustrate some serious inherent limitations of dropout and demonstrate that dither provides a far more effecti ve regulariser which does not suffer from the same limitations.
Wafer-level MEMS packaging via thermally released metal-organic membranes

This paper reports on the design, implementation and characterization of wafer-level packaging technology for a wide range of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices. The encapsulation technique is based on thermal decomposition of a sacrificial polymer through a polymer overcoat to form a released thin-film organic membrane with scalable height on top of the active part of the MEMS. Hermiticity and vacuum operation are obtained by thin-film deposition of a metal such as chromium, aluminum or gold. The thickness of the overcoat can be optimized according to the size of the device and differential pressure to package a wide variety of MEMS such as resonators, accelerometers and gyroscopes. The key performance metrics of several batches of packaged devices do not degrade as a result of residues from the sacrificial polymer. A Q factor of 5000 at a resonant frequency of 2.5 MHz for the packaged resonator, and a static sensitivity of 2 pF g−1 for the packaged accelerometer were obtained. Cavities as small as 0.000 15 mm3 for the resonator and as large as 1 mm3 for the accelerometer have been made by this method. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
bioprinting for engineering complex tissues

Article history: Received 5 August 2015 Received in revised form 10 December 2015 Accepted 22 December 2015 Available online xxxx Bioprinting is a 3D fabrication technology used to precisely dispense cell-laden biomaterials for the construction of complex 3D functional living tissues or artificial organs. While still in its early stages, bioprinting strategies have demonstrated their potential use in regenerative medicine to generate a variety of transplantable tissues, including skin, cartilage, and bone. However, current bioprinting approaches still have technical challenges in terms of high-resolution cell deposition, controlled cell distributions, vascularization, and innervation within complex 3D tissues. While no one-size-fits-all approach to bioprinting has emerged, it remains an on-demand, versatile fabrication technique that may address the growing organ shortage as well as provide a highthroughput method for cell patterning at the micrometer scale for broad biomedical engineering applications. In this review, we introduce the basic principles, materials, integration strategies and applications of bioprinting. We also discuss the recent developments, current challenges and future prospects of 3Dbioprinting for engineering complex tissues. Combinedwith recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell technologies, 3D-bioprinted tissue models could serve as an enabling platform for high-throughput predictive drug screening and more effective regenerative therapies.
Heart sound and ECG signal analysis and detection system based on LabVIEW

Digitized auscultation can promote the problem of heart sound and ECG detection. The main research of this paper the heart sound and ECG signal detection and analysis system. First, the sensor is used to collect the human heart sound and ECG signal on the platform of virtual instrument LabVIEW. And send it to the upper computer of LabVIEW via the front-end circuit adjustment after the module transformation. Then, synchronous collection of heart sound and ECG signal is digitized and simple filtered processing. Meanwhile the data display, storage and playback waveform function are also realized by LabVIEW. Finally, this paper realize the segmentation and positioning of the heart sound and ECG signal based on LabVIEW and Matlab programming. The collection and analysis system performance is reliable, and the module is practical and easy to operate. The normalization of collection provides convenience and reference for the analysis and recognition of the follow-up heart sound, ECG data building and pathology signal.
The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis

The immunology of the hygiene hypothesis of allergy is complex and involves the loss of cellular and humoral immunoregulatory pathways as a result of the adoption of a Western lifestyle and the disappearance of chronic infectious diseases. The influence of diet and reduced microbiome diversity now forms the foundation of scientific thinking on how the allergy epidemic occurred, although clear mechanistic insights into the process in humans are still lacking. Here we propose that barrier epithelial cells are heavily influenced by environmental factors and by microbiome-derived danger signals and metabolites, and thus act as important rheostats for immunoregulation, particularly during early postnatal development. Preventive strategies based on this new knowledge could exploit the diversity of the microbial world and the way humans react to it, and possibly restore old symbiotic relationships that have been lost in recent times, without causing disease or requiring a return to an unhygienic life style.
Recent Advances in Adaptive Sampling and Reconstruction for Monte Carlo Rendering

Monte Carlo integration is firmly established as the basis for most practical realistic image synthesis algorithms because of its flexibility and generality. However, the visual quality of rendered images often suffers from estimator variance, which appears as visually distracting noise. Adaptive sampling and reconstruction algorithms reduce variance by controlling the sampling density and aggregating samples in a reconstruction step, possibly over large image regions. In this paper we survey recent advances in this area. We distinguish between “a priori” methods that analyze the light transport equations and derive sampling rates and reconstruction filters from this analysis, and “a posteriori” methods that apply statistical techniques to sets of samples to drive the adaptive sampling and reconstruction process. They typically estimate the errors of several reconstruction filters, and select the best filter locally to minimize error. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of recent state-of-the-art techniques, and provide visual and quantitative comparisons. Some of these techniques are proving useful in real-world applications, and we aim to provide an overview for practitioners and researchers to assess these approaches. In addition, we discuss directions for potential further improvements.
Digital Librarian, Cybrarian, or Librarian with Specialized Skills: Who Will Staff Digital Libraries?

Linda Marion is a doctoral student at Drexel University. E-mail: Linda.Marion@drexel.edu.  This exploratory study examined 250 online academic librarian employment ads posted during 2000 to determine current requirements for technologically oriented jobs. A content analysis software program was used to categorize the specific skills and characteristics listed in the ads. The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis (cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling). The results, displayed in a three-dimensional concept map, indicate 19 categories comprised of both computer related skills and behavioral characteristics that can be interpreted along three continua: (1) technical skills to people skills; (2) long-established technologies and behaviors to emerging trends; (3) technical service competencies to public service competencies. There was no identifiable “digital librarian” category.
Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder with evolving layers of complexity. It has long been characterised by the classical motor features of parkinsonism associated with Lewy bodies and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, the symptomatology of Parkinson's disease is now recognised as heterogeneous, with clinically significant non-motor features. Similarly, its pathology involves extensive regions of the nervous system, various neurotransmitters, and protein aggregates other than just Lewy bodies. The cause of Parkinson's disease remains unknown, but risk of developing Parkinson's disease is no longer viewed as primarily due to environmental factors. Instead, Parkinson's disease seems to result from a complicated interplay of genetic and environmental factors affecting numerous fundamental cellular processes. The complexity of Parkinson's disease is accompanied by clinical challenges, including an inability to make a definitive diagnosis at the earliest stages of the disease and difficulties in the management of symptoms at later stages. Furthermore, there are no treatments that slow the neurodegenerative process. In this Seminar, we review these complexities and challenges of Parkinson's disease.
Generating and exploring good building layouts

Good building layouts are required to conform to regulatory guidelines, while meeting certain quality measures. While different methods can sample the space of such good layouts, there exists little support for a user to understand and systematically explore the samples. Starting from a discrete set of good layouts, we analytically characterize the local shape space of good layouts around each initial layout, compactly encode these spaces, and link them to support transitions across the different local spaces. We represent such transitions in the form of a portal graph. The user can then use the portal graph, along with the family of local shape spaces, to globally and locally explore the space of good building layouts. We use our framework on a variety of different test scenarios to showcase an intuitive design, navigation, and exploration interface.
Fine Mapping of Aroma QTLs in Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L) on Chromosomes 3, 4 and 8

Aroma is one of the most important quality traits of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L) that leads to high consumer acceptance. Earlier three significant QTLs for aroma, namely aro3-1, aro4-1 and aro8-1, have been mapped on rice chromosomes 3, 4 and 8, respectively, using a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Pusa 1121 (a basmati quality variety) and Pusa 1342 (a non-aromatic variety). For fine mapping of these QTLs, 184 F6 RILs were grown in the Kharif season of 2005 at New Delhi and Karnal, India. A total of 115 new SSR markers covering the three QTL intervals were designed and screened for parental polymorphism. Of these, 26 markers were polymorphic between parents, eight for the interval aro3-1, eight for the interval aro4-1 and ten for the interval aro8-1, thus enriching the density of SSR markers in these QTL intervals. Revised genetic maps were constructed by adding 23 of these new markers to the earlier map, by giving physical order of the markers in the pseudomolecules a preference. In the revised maps, the interval for QTL aro4-1 could not be improved further but QTL aro3-1 was narrowed down to an interval of 390 kbp from the earlier reported interval of 8.6 Mbp and similarly the QTL aro8-1 was narrowed down to a physical interval of 430 kbp. The numbers of candidate genes in the aro3-1 and aro8-1 intervals have now been reduced to 51 and 66, respectively. The badh2 gene on chromosome 8 was not associated with the aroma QTL on this chromosome.
Ant clustering algorithm with K-harmonic means clustering

Clustering is an unsupervised learning procedure and there is no a prior knowledge of data distribution. It organizes a set of objects/data into similar groups called clusters, and the objects within one cluster are highly similar and dissimilar with the objects in other clusters. The classic K-means algorithm (KM) is the most popular clustering algorithm for its easy implementation and fast working. But KM is very sensitive to initialization, the better centers we choose, the better results we get. Also, it is easily trapped in local optimal. The K-harmonic means algorithm (KHM) is less sensitive to the initialization than the KM algorithm. The Ant clustering algorithm (ACA) can avoid trapping in local optimal solution. In this paper, we will propose a new clustering algorithm using the Ant clustering algorithm with K-harmonic means clustering (ACAKHM). The experiment results on three well-known data sets like Iris and two other artificial data sets indicate the superiority of the ACAKHM algorithm. At last the performance of the ACAKHM algorithm is compared with the ACA and the KHM algorithm.
Oxytocin differentially modulates eye gaze to naturalistic social signals of happiness and anger

A number of previous studies has shown that oxytocin (OT) promotes facial emotion recognition and enhances eye gaze to facial stimuli in humans. Other studies report valence-specific effects of OT, supporting the proposed prosocial role of OT in social interactions. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis whether OT might selectively enhance eye gaze to positive, approach-related, but not to negative, threat-related social cues. In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, between-subject design, we assessed the effects of intranasal OT administration (24 IU) in 62 healthy male volunteers on eye gaze toward the eyes of neutral, positive (happy) and negative (angry) facial expressions compared with placebo. In order to capture the dynamics of facial expressions, we used video sequences showing neutral faces gradually displaying a specific emotion. In line with previous studies, OT increased eye gaze toward neutral facial expressions. Moreover, under OT treatment, eye gaze remained increased when the face showed a happy facial expression, but in contrast decreased when the face displayed an angry expression. These results support the notion that OT differentially modulates visual attention toward social signals of positive approach and threat and thereby contributes to the modulation of non-verbal interpersonal communication.
Online allocation of display ads with smooth delivery

Display ads on the Internet are often sold in bundles of thousands or millions of impressions over a particular time period, typically weeks or months. Ad serving systems that assign ads to pages on behalf of publishers must satisfy these contracts, but at the same time try to maximize overall quality of placement. This is usually modeled in the literature as an online allocation problem, where contracts are represented by overall delivery constraints over a finite time horizon. However this model misses an important aspect of ad delivery: time homogeneity. Advertisers who buy these packages expect their ad to be shown smoothly throughout the purchased time period, in order to reach a wider audience, to have a sustained impact, and to support the ads they are running on other media (e.g., television). In this paper we formalize this problem using several nested packing constraints, and develop a tight (1-1/e)-competitive online algorithm for this problem. Our algorithms and analysis require novel techniques as they involve online computation of multiple dual variables per ad. We then show the effectiveness of our algorithms through exhaustive simulation studies on real data sets.
Current status of zirconia restoration.

During the past decade, zirconia-based ceramics have been successfully introduced into the clinic to fabricate fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), along with a dental computer-aided/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. In this article (1) development of dental ceramics, (2) the current status of dental CAD/CAM systems, (3) CAD/CAM and zirconia restoration, (4) bond between zirconia and veneering ceramics, (5) bond of zirconia with resin-based luting agents, (6) surface finish of zirconia restoration and antagonist enamel wear, and (7) clinical evaluation of zirconia restoration are reviewed. Yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) showed better mechanical properties and superior resistance to fracture than other conventional dental ceramics. Furthermore, ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline and alumina nanocomposites (Ce-TZP/A) had the highest fracture toughness and had resistance to low-temperature aging degradation. Both zirconia-based ceramics have been clinically available as an alternative to the metal framework for fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Marginal adaptation of zirconia-based FDPs is acceptable for clinical application. The most frequent clinical complication with zirconia-based FDPs was chipping of the veneering porcelain that was affected by many factors. The mechanism for the bonding between zirconia and veneering ceramics remains unknown. There was no clear evidence of chemical bonding and the bond strength between zirconia and porcelain was lower than that between metal and porcelain. There were two alternatives proposed that might avoid chipping of veneering porcelains. One was hybrid-structured FDPs comprising CAD/CAM-fabricated porcelain parts adhering to a CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia framework. Another option was full-contour zirconia FDPs using high translucent zirconia. Combined application of silica coating and/or silane coupler, and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate is currently one of the most reliable bonding systems for zirconia. Adhesive treatments could be applied to luting the restorations and fabricating hybrid-structured FDPs. Full-contour zirconia FDPs caused concern about the wear of antagonist enamel, because the hardness of Y-TZP was over double that of porcelain. However, this review demonstrates that highly polished zirconia yielded lower antagonist wear compared with porcelains. Polishing of zirconia is possible, but glazing is not recommended for the surface finish of zirconia. Clinical data since 2010 are included in this review. The zirconia frameworks rarely got damaged in many cases and complications often occurred in the veneering ceramic materials. Further clinical studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to investigate the possible influencing factors of technical failures.
IARPA Janus Benchmark - C: Face Dataset and Protocol

Although considerable work has been done in recent years to drive the state of the art in facial recognition towards operation on fully unconstrained imagery, research has always been restricted by a lack of datasets in the public domain. In addition, traditional biometrics experiments such as single image verification and closed set recognition do not adequately evaluate the ways in which unconstrained face recognition systems are used in practice. The IARPA Janus Benchmark–C (IJB-C) face dataset advances the goal of robust unconstrained face recognition, improving upon the previous public domain IJB-B dataset, by increasing dataset size and variability, and by introducing end-to-end protocols that more closely model operational face recognition use cases. IJB-C adds 1,661 new subjects to the 1,870 subjects released in IJB-B, with increased emphasis on occlusion and diversity of subject occupation and geographic origin with the goal of improving representation of the global population. Annotations on IJB-C imagery have been expanded to allow for further covariate analysis, including a spatial occlusion grid to standardize analysis of occlusion. Due to these enhancements, the IJB-C dataset is significantly more challenging than other datasets in the public domain and will advance the state of the art in unconstrained face recognition.
Intramucosal nevus in the oral cavity.

The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of oral nevus.



Nevus is a congenital or acquired benign neoplasia that can be observed in the skin or mucous membranes. It is an uncommon condition in the oral mucosa. When it does occur, the preferred location is on the palate, followed by the cheek mucosa, lip and tongue.



In this case study, we relate the diagnosis and treatment of a 23-year-old female patient with an irregular, pigmented lesion of the oral mucosa that underwent excisional biopsy resulting in a diagnosis of intramucosal nevus.



Nevus can appear in the oral mucosa and should be removed.



It is important for dental professionals to adequately categorize and treat pigmented lesions in the mouth.
Discriminative stimulus, reinforcing, physical dependence, and antinociceptive effects of oxycodone in mice, rats, and rhesus monkeys.

Despite oxycodone's (4,5-epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one) history of clinical use and the attention it has received as a drug of abuse, few reports have documented its pharmacology's relevance to its abuse or its mechanism of action. The purposes of the present study were to further characterize the analgesic effects of oxycodone, its mechanism of action, and its effects in terms of its relevance to its abuse liability. The results indicate that oxycodone had potent antinociceptive effects in the mouse paraphenylquinone writhing, hot-plate, and tail-flick assays, in which it appeared to be acting as a mu-opioid receptor agonist. It generalized to the heroin discriminative stimulus and served as a positive reinforcer in rats and completely suppressed withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys. These results suggest that the analgesic and abuse liability effects of oxycodone are likely mediated through mu-opioid receptors and provide the first laboratory report of its discriminative stimulus, reinforcing, and morphine cross-dependency effects.
Finding a Heaviest Triangle is not Harder than Matrix Multiplication

We show that for any ε > 0, a maximum-weight triangle in an undirected graph with <i>n</i> vertices and real weights assigned to vertices can be found in time O(<i>n</i>ω + <i>n</i><sup>2+ε</sup>), where ω is the exponent of fastest matrix multiplication algorithm. By the currently best bound on ω, the running time of our algorithm is O(<i>n</i><sup>2.376</sup>). Our algorithm substantially improves the previous time-bounds for this problem recently established by Vassilevska et al.  and (ICALP 2006, O(<i>n</i><sup>2.575</sup>)). Its asymptotic time complexity matches that of the fastest known algorithm for finding <i>a</i> triangle (not necessarily a maximum-weight one) in a graph.
 By applying or extending our algorithm, we can also improve the upper bounds on finding a maximum-weight triangle in a sparse graph and on finding a maximum-weight subgraph isomorphic to a fixed graph established in the papers by Vassilevska et al. For example, we can find a maximum-weight triangle in a vertex-weighted graph with <i>m</i> edges in asymptotic time required by the fastest algorithm for finding <i>any</i> triangle in a graph with <i>m</i> edges, i.e., in time O(<i>m</i><sup>1.41</sup>).