nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Inductorless Self-Controlled Rectifier for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

This paper presents a high-efficiency inductorless self-controlled rectifier for piezoelectric energy harvesting. High efficiency is achieved by discharging the piezoelectric device (PD) capacitance each time the current produced by the PD changes polarity. This is achieved automatically without the use of delay lines, thereby making the proposed circuit compatible with any type of PD. In addition, the proposed rectifier alleviates the need for an inductor, making it suitable for on-chip integration. Reported experimental results show that the proposed rectifier can harvest up to 3.9 times more energy than a full wave bridge rectifier.
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND): Test development and reliability

The motor skills of patients with spinal muscular atrophy, type I (SMA-I) are very limited. It is difficult to quantify the motor abilities of these patients and as a result there is currently no validated measure of motor function that can be utilized as an outcome measure in clinical trials of SMA-I. We have developed the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders ("CHOP INTEND") to evaluate the motor skills of patients with SMA-I. The test was developed following the evaluation of 26 infants with SMA-I mean age 11.5 months (1.4-37.9 months) with the Test of Infant Motor Performance and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Test of Strength in SMA, a newly devised motor assessment for SMA. Items for the CHOP INTEND were selected by an expert panel based on item mean and standard deviation, item frequency distribution, and Chronbach's alpha. Intra-rater reliability of the resulting test was established by test-retest of 9 infants with SMA-I over a 2 month period; Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (3,1)=0.96. Interrater reliability was by video analysis of a mixed group of infants with neuromuscular disease by 4 evaluators; ICC (3,4)=0.98 and in a group of 8 typically developing infants by 5 evaluators ICC (3,5)=0.93. The face validity of the CHOP INTEND is supported by the use of an expert panel in item selection; however, further validation is needed. The CHOP INTEND is a reliable measure of motor skills in patients with SMA-I and neuromuscular disorders presenting in infancy.
Network structure of cerebral cortex shapes functional connectivity on multiple time scales.

Neuronal dynamics unfolding within the cerebral cortex exhibit complex spatial and temporal patterns even in the absence of external input. Here we use a computational approach in an attempt to relate these features of spontaneous cortical dynamics to the underlying anatomical connectivity. Simulating nonlinear neuronal dynamics on a network that captures the large-scale interregional connections of macaque neocortex, and applying information theoretic measures to identify functional networks, we find structure-function relations at multiple temporal scales. Functional networks recovered from long windows of neural activity (minutes) largely overlap with the underlying structural network. As a result, hubs in these long-run functional networks correspond to structural hubs. In contrast, significant fluctuations in functional topology are observed across the sequence of networks recovered from consecutive shorter (seconds) time windows. The functional centrality of individual nodes varies across time as interregional couplings shift. Furthermore, the transient couplings between brain regions are coordinated in a manner that reveals the existence of two anticorrelated clusters. These clusters are linked by prefrontal and parietal regions that are hub nodes in the underlying structural network. At an even faster time scale (hundreds of milliseconds) we detect individual episodes of interregional phase-locking and find that slow variations in the statistics of these transient episodes, contingent on the underlying anatomical structure, produce the transfer entropy functional connectivity and simulated blood oxygenation level-dependent correlation patterns observed on slower time scales.
The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.

The broaden-and-build theory describes the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment and love. A key proposition is that these positive emotions broaden an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire: joy sparks the urge to play, interest sparks the urge to explore, contentment sparks the urge to savour and integrate, and love sparks a recurring cycle of each of these urges within safe, close relationships. The broadened mindsets arising from these positive emotions are contrasted to the narrowed mindsets sparked by many negative emotions (i.e. specific action tendencies, such as attack or flee). A second key proposition concerns the consequences of these broadened mindsets: by broadening an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire--whether through play, exploration or similar activities--positive emotions promote discovery of novel and creative actions, ideas and social bonds, which in turn build that individual's personal resources; ranging from physical and intellectual resources, to social and psychological resources. Importantly, these resources function as reserves that can be drawn on later to improve the odds of successful coping and survival. This chapter reviews the latest empirical evidence supporting the broaden-and-build theory and draws out implications the theory holds for optimizing health and well-being.
A SLIM WIDEBAND AND CONFORMAL UHF RFID TAG ANTENNA BASED ON U-SHAPED SLOTS FOR METALLIC OBJECTS

A slim wideband patch antenna designed for the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) band radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented in this paper, which can be mounted on flat or curved metallic surfaces directly. The presented antenna is fabricated on a very thin (only 0.5 mm) and low-cost PET substrate (εr = 3.8, tan δ = 0.02). The proposed design consists of tow coplanar patches radiation unities which are electrically connected to the metallic ground through two symmetrical shorting walls placed at both edge sides of the patches. Double symmetrical U-shaped slots are etched out to improve the antenna bandwidth. A perfect matching between antenna and tag chip can be easily obtained by varying the geometry parameters of the slots. The simulated bandwidth is about 97 MHz, which covers the Europe and North America UHF RFID frequency range. The measured maximum reading range of the proposed antenna can be up to 5 m when the tag is mounted on a metal plate whose size is 150× 150× 8mm3.
Exergames for Older Adults with Subthreshold Depression: Does Higher Playfulness Lead to Better Improvement in Depression?

The use of exergames is increasingly prevalent in the healthcare promotion among older adults. The current study aimed to examine whether the playfulness may influence the antidepressant effect of exergames on older adults.



Two experimental conditions, high playfulness (Wii™ Sport games) and low playfulness (Wii Fit™ training), were implemented in a 6-week randomized controlled study. A manipulation check was conducted first to confirm the significant difference in playfulness between the two conditions. A total of 49 community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with subthreshold depression have finished the study. Their depression, positive emotions, and self-efficacy were measured at both pre- and post-test. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was then conducted between two conditions, with age and gender as the covariates.



Findings suggest that older adults in both two exergame conditions have improvements in subthreshold depression [t(48) = 9.48, P < 0.001], positive emotions [t(48) = -12.04, P < 0.001], and self-efficacy [t(48) = -9.78, P < 0.001]. Significant effect of playfulness in exergames was found on positive emotions among older adults [F(3, 47) = 20.82, P < 0.001], although not on subthreshold depression and self-efficacy.



Results gained from the study will assist in the future implementation and development of exergames that aim to improve mental health among older adults.
Tradeoffs and Optimization in Analog CMOS Design

The selection of drain current, inversion coefficient, and channel length for each MOS device in an analog circuit results in significant tradeoffs in performance. The selection of inversion coefficient, which is a numerical measure of MOS inversion, enables design freely in weak, moderate, and strong inversion and facilitates optimum design. Here, channel width required for layout is easily found and implicitly considered in performance expressions. This paper gives hand expressions motivated by the EKV MOS model and measured data for MOS device performance, inclusive of velocity saturation and other small-geometry effects. A simple spreadsheet tool is then used to predict MOS device performance and map this into complete circuit performance. Tradeoffs and optimization of performance are illustrated by the design of three, 0.18-mum CMOS operational transconductance amplifiers optimized for DC, balanced, and AC performance. Measured performance shows significant tradeoffs in voltage gain, output resistance, transconductance bandwidth, input-referred flicker noise and offset voltage, and layout area.
Towards Mixed Optimization for Reinforcement Learning with Program Synthesis

Deep reinforcement learning has led to several recent breakthroughs, though the learned policies are often based on black-box neural networks. This makes them difficult to interpret, and to impose desired specification or constraints during learning. We present an iterative framework, MORL, for improving the learned policies using program synthesis. Concretely, we propose to use synthesis techniques to obtain a symbolic representation of the learned policy, which can be debugged manually or automatically using program repair. After the repair step, we distill the policy corresponding to the repaired program, which is further improved using gradient descent. This process continues until the learned policy satisfies the constraints. We instantiate MORL for the simple CartPole problem and show that the programmatic representation allows for high-level modifications which in turn leads to improved learning of the policies.
Somatomotor mu rhythm amplitude correlates with rigidity during deep brain stimulation in Parkinsonian patients

Parkinsonian patients have abnormal oscillatory activity within the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry. Particularly, excessive beta band oscillations are thought to be associated with akinesia. We studied whether cortical spontaneous activity is modified by deep brain stimulation (DBS) in advanced Parkinson's disease and if the modifications are related to the clinical symptoms.



We studied the effects of bilateral electrical stimulation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) on cortical spontaneous activity by magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 11 Parkinsonian patients. The artifacts produced by DBS were suppressed by tSSS algorithm.



During DBS, UPDRS (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) rigidity scores correlated with 6-10 Hz and 12-20 Hz somatomotor source strengths when eyes were open. When DBS was off UPDRS action tremor scores correlated with pericentral 6-10 Hz and 21-30 Hz and occipital alpha source strengths when eyes open. Occipital alpha strength decreased during DBS when eyes closed. The peak frequency of occipital alpha rhythm correlated negatively with total UPDRS motor scores and with rigidity subscores, when eyes closed.



STN DBS modulates brain oscillations both in alpha and beta bands and these oscillations reflect the clinical condition during DBS.



MEG combined with an appropriate artifact rejection method enables studies of DBS effects in Parkinson's disease and presumably also in the other emerging DBS indications.
Current Concepts in the Use of Small-Particle Hyaluronic Acid.

Soft-tissue augmentation with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers has become one of the most popular cosmetic procedures performed. HA fillers represent safe and commonly used fillers. Several different HA fillers are available. The differences lie in the manufacturing process, allowing for tailored uses. A small-particle HA with lidocaine (SP-HAL; Restylane Silk; Galderma, Uppsala, Sweden) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in June 2014 but has been available for many years in Canada as Restylane Fine Lines and in Europe as Restylane Vital.



Relevant articles were reviewed relating to the composition, effectiveness, and safety of SP-HAL. We also discuss the author's extensive clinical experience in the use of this product in Canada.



SP-HAL has demonstrated proven benefits for lip fullness, augmentation, and treatment of perioral rhytides. Although off-label in the United States, SP-HAL is also well suited for the treatment of superficial fine lines, including periorbital, forehead, marionette, and smile lines. In addition, it has also been used in the tear trough region. A novel application for SP-HAL includes use as a skinbooster with intradermal micropuncture. In this technique, small aliquots of product are injected so as to gradually rejuvenate the skin in areas such as the face and hands. Side effects of SP-HAL were generally transient and mild. The most common side effects were swelling, tenderness, bruising, pain, and redness.



SP-HAL is an effective and safe HA filler with varied clinical uses.
[Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of BARD 1 gene and susceptibility of early-onset breast cancer in Uygur women in Xinjiang].

To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BARD1 gene and susceptibility of early-onset breast cancer in Uygur women in Xinjiang.



A case-control study was designed to explore the genotypes of Pro24Ser (C/T), Arg378Ser (G/C) and Val507Met (G/A) of BARD1 gene, detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay, in 144 early-onset breast cancer cases of Uygur women (≤ 40 years) and 136 cancer-free controls matched by age and ethnicity. The association between SNPs of BARD1 gene and risk of early-onset breast cancer in Uygur women was analyzed by unconditional logistic regression model.



Early age at menarche, late age at first pregnancy, and positive family history of cancer may be important risk factors of early-onset breast cancer in Uygur women in Xinjiang. The frequencies of genotypes of Pro24Ser (C/T), Arg378Ser (G/C) and Val507Met (G/A) of BARD1 gene showed significant differences between the cancer cases and cancer-free controls (P < 0.05). Compared with wild-type genotype Pro24Ser CC, it showed a lower incidence of early-onset breast cancer in Uygur women with variant genotypes of Pro24Ser TT (OR = 0.117, 95%CI = 0.058 - 0.236), and dominance-genotype CT+TT (OR = 0.279, 95%CI = 0.157 - 0.494), or Arg378Ser CC (OR = 0.348, 95%CI = 0.145 - 0.834) and Val507Met AA(OR = 0.359, 95%CI = 0.167 - 0.774). Furthermore, SNPS in three polymorphisms would have synergistic effects on the risk of breast cancer. In addition, the SNP-SNP interactions of dominance-genotypes (CT+TT, GC+CC and GA+AA) showed a 52.1% lower incidence of early-onset breast cancer in Uygur women (OR = 0.479, 95%CI = 0.230 - 0.995). Stratified analysis indicated that the protective effect of carrying T variant genotype (CT/TT) in Pro24Ser and carrying C variant genotype (GC/CC) in Arg378Ser were more evident in subjects with early age at menarche and negative family history of cancer. With an older menarche age, the protective effect was weaker.



SNPs of Pro24Ser(C/T), Arg378Ser (G/C) and Val507Met (G/A) of BARD1 gene are associated with significantly decreased risk of early-onset breast cancer in Uygur women in Xinjiang. Early age at menarche and negative family history of cancer can enhance the protective effect of mutant allele.
Analysis using Imperfect Views from Spoken Language and Acoustic Modalities

Multimodal sentiment classification in practical applications may have to rely on erroneous and imperfect views, namely (a) language transcription from a speech recognizer and (b) under-performing acoustic views. This work focuses on improving the representations of these views by performing a deep canonical correlation analysis with the representations of the better performing manual transcription view. Enhanced representations of the imperfect views can be obtained even in absence of the perfect views and give an improved performance during test conditions. Evaluations on the CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Improving the Decoupled Double SRF PLL for grid connected power converters

One of the critical issues in control of grid connected power converters is synchronization with the utility voltage.  Loop (DDSRF-PLL) can detect positive and negative sequences of voltage under unbalanced conditions. However, its dynamic response is very sensitive to phase angle jumps in the voltage which results in large deviation in the estimated frequency. This paper investigates conventional DDSRF PLL and hybrid Decoupled Alfa Beta (DAB) PLL, and then proposes a new DDSRF PLL that outperforms two mentioned PLLs. The proposed PLL is a combination of DDSRF PLL and dual second-order generalized integrator (DSOGI) that estimates grid frequency with lesser overshoot than those of two other PLLs. The performance of the proposed PLL is verified by using time domain simulation studies in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software environment.
Zoom Out-and-In Network with Recursive Training for Object Proposal

In this paper, we propose a zoom-out-and-in network for generating object proposals. We utilize different resolutions of feature maps in the network to detect object instances of various sizes. Specifically, we divide the anchor candidates into three clusters based on the scale size and place them on feature maps of distinct strides to detect small, medium and large objects, respectively. Deeper feature maps contain region-level semantics which can help shallow counterparts to identify small objects. Therefore we design a zoom-in sub-network to increase the resolution of high level features via a deconvolution operation. The high-level features with high resolution are then combined and merged with low-level features to detect objects. Furthermore, we devise a recursive training pipeline to consecutively regress region proposals at the training stage in order to match the iterative regression at the testing stage. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on ILSVRC DET and MS COCO datasets, where our algorithm performs better than the state-of-the-arts in various evaluation metrics. It also increases average precision by around 2% in the detection system.
FGF 23 from bench to bedside

Kovesdy CP, Quarles LD. FGF23 from bench to bedside.  2016. First published February 10, 2016; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00606.2015.—There is a strong association between elevated circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) levels and adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) of all stages. Initially discovered as a regulator of phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis, FGF23 has now been implicated in several pathophysiological mechanisms that may negatively impact the cardiovascular and renal systems. FGF23 is purported to have direct (off-target) effects in the myocardium, as well as canonical effects on FGF receptor/ -klotho receptor complexes in the kidney to activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, modulate soluble -klotho levels, and increase sodium retention, to cause left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Conversely, FGF23 could be an innocent bystander produced in response to chronic inflammation or other processes associated with CKD that cause LVH and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Further exploration of these complex mechanisms is needed before modulation of FGF23 can become a legitimate clinical target in CKD.
Chinese resume information extraction based on semi-structured text

A Chinese resume information extraction system (CRIES) based on semi-structured text is designed and implemented to obtain formatted information by extracting text content of every field from resumes in different formats and update information automatically based on the web. Firstly, ideas to classify resumes, some constraints obtained by analyzing resume features and overall extraction strategy is introduced. Then two extraction algorithms for parsing resumes in different text formats are given. Consequently, the system was implemented by java programming. Finally, use the system to resolve the resume samples, and the statistical analysis and system optimization analysis are carried out according to the accuracy rate and recall rate of the extracted results.
Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction : A Case Study of Hotel Industry in Vietnam

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in Vietnamese hotels, survey questionnaire was constructed with 23 service quality items covering 5 service quality dimensions based on SERVQUAL model. Data were collected from 432 guests of 33 three-star hotels in Vietnam in 2013. Analysis results indicate that Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy significantly impact on the customer satisfaction. The study implies that service quality plays an important role as a driver for higher customer satisfaction level in hotel service. Managers would focus on Empathy, Reliability, Responsiveness, and Assurance to achieve high degree of customer satisfaction which leads to customer loyalty and business profit.
Java/DSM: A Platform for Heterogeneous Computing

In this paper we describe a system for programming heterogeneous computing environments based upon Java and software distributed shared memory (DSM). Compared with existing approaches for heterogeneous computing, our system transparently handles both the hardware differences and the distributed nature of the system. It is therefore much easier to program. Java is a good candidate for heterogeneous programming because of its portability. Java provides the remote method invocation (RMI) mechanism for distributed computing. However, our early experience with RMI showed that the programmer must expend significant effort on such problems as data replication and the optimization of the remote interface to improve communication efficiency. Furthermore, the need for reference marshaling is not completely eliminated by RMI’s effort to facilitate the sharing of linked structures between machines. A DSM system provides a shared memory abstraction over a group of physically distributed machines. It automatically handles data communication between machines and eliminates the need for the programmer to write message-passing code. A multithreaded Java program written for a single machine will require fewer changes to run on a Java/DSM combination than with RMI. We have been implementing a JDK-1.0.2 based parallel Java Virtual Machine on the TreadMarks DSM system. Our implementation includes a distributed garbage collector and supports the Java API with very few changes. In this paper we describe our motivation and the implementation, and report our early experience with programming under both RMI and DSM.