nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Treemap: An O(log n) algorithm for indoor simultaneous localization and mapping

This article presents a very efficient SLAM algorithm that works by hierarchically dividing a map into local regions and subregions. At each level of the hierarchy each region stores a matrix representing some of the landmarks contained in this region. To keep those matrices small, only those landmarks are represented that are observable from outside the region. A measurement is integrated into a local subregion using O(k2) computation time for k landmarks in a subregion. When the robot moves to a different subregion a full leastsquare estimate for that region is computed in only O(k3 log n) computation time for n landmarks. A global least square estimate needs O(kn) computation time with a very small constant (12.37 ms for n = 11300). The algorithm is evaluated for map quality, storage space and computation time using simulated and real experiments in an office environment.
Early-Life Stressors, Personality Development, and Fast Life Strategies: An Evolutionary Perspective on Malevolent Personality Features

Life history theory posits that behavioral adaptation to various environmental (ecological and/or social) conditions encountered during childhood is regulated by a wide variety of different traits resulting in various behavioral strategies. Unpredictable and harsh conditions tend to produce fast life history strategies, characterized by early maturation, a higher number of sexual partners to whom one is less attached, and less parenting of offspring. Unpredictability and harshness not only affects dispositional social and emotional functioning, but may also promote the development of personality traits linked to higher rates of instability in social relationships or more self-interested behavior. Similarly, detrimental childhood experiences, such as poor parental care or high parent-child conflict, affect personality development and may create a more distrustful, malicious interpersonal style. The aim of this brief review is to survey and summarize findings on the impact of negative early-life experiences on the development of personality and fast life history strategies. By demonstrating that there are parallels in adaptations to adversity in these two domains, we hope to lend weight to current and future attempts to provide a comprehensive insight of personality traits and functions at the ultimate and proximate levels.
Augur: a decentralized, open-source platform for prediction markets

A prediction market is a place where individuals can wager on the outcomes of future events. Those who forecast the outcome correctly win money, and if they forecast incorrectly, they lose money. People value money, so they are incentivized to forecast such outcomes as accurately as they can. Thus, the price of a prediction market can serve as an excellent indicator of how likely an event is to occur [1, 2]. Augur is a decentralized platform for prediction markets. Our goal here is to provide a blueprint of a decentralized prediction market using Bitcoin’s input/output-style transactions. Many theoretical details of this project, such as its game-theoretic underpinning, are touched on lightly or not at all. This work builds on (and is intended to be read as a companion to) the theoretical foundation established in .
Partial trisomy 8 mosaicism due to a pseudoisodicentric chromosome 8.

Chromosome 8 is the largest autosome in which mosaic trisomy is compatible with life. Constitutional trisomy 8 (T8) is estimated to occur in approximately 0.1% of all recognized pregnancies. The estimated frequency of trisomy 8 mosaicism (T8M), also known as Warkany syndrome, is about 1/25,000 to 50,000 liveborns, and is found to be more prevalent in males than females, 5:1. T8M is known to demonstrate extreme clinical variability affecting multiple systems including central nervous, ocular, cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal. There appears to be little correlation between the level of mosaicism and the extent of the clinical phenotype. Additionally, the exact mechanism that causes the severity of phenotype in patients with T8M remains unknown. We report on a mildly dysmorphic male patient with partial low-level T8M due to a pseudoisodicentric chromosome 8 with normal 6.0 SNP microarray and high resolution chromosome analyses in lymphocytes. The aneuploidy was detected in fibroblasts and confirmed by FISH in lymphocytes. This report elaborates further the clinical variability seen in trisomy 8 mosaicism.
Realistic Microwave Breast Models Through T1-Weighted 3-D MRI Data

In this paper we present an effective method for developing realistic numerical three-dimensional (3-D) microwave breast models of different shape, size, and tissue density. These models are especially convenient for microwave breast cancer imaging applications and numerical analysis of human breast-microwave interactions. As in the recent studies on this area, anatomical information of the breast tissue is collected from T1-weighted 3-D MRI data of different patients' in prone position. The method presented in this paper offers significant improvements including efficient noise reduction and tissue segmentation, nonlinear mapping of electromagnetic properties, realistically asymmetric phantom shape, and a realistic classification of breast phantoms. Our method contains a five-step approach where each MRI voxel is classified and mapped to the appropriate dielectric properties. In the first step, the MRI data are denoised by estimating and removing the bias field from each slice, after which the voxels are segmented into two main tissues as fibro-glandular and adipose. Using the distribution of the voxel intensities in MRI histogram, two nonlinear mapping functions are generated for dielectric permittivity and conductivity profiles, which allow each MRI voxel to map to its proper dielectric properties. Obtained dielectric profiles are then converted into 3-D numerical breast phantoms using several image processing techniques, including morphologic operations, filtering. Resultant phantoms are classified according to their adipose content, which is a critical parameter that affects penetration depth during microwave breast imaging.
Design of lane keeping assist system for autonomous vehicles

Lane detection and tracking and departure warning systems are important components of Intelligent Transportation Systems. They have particularly attracted great interest from industry and academia. Many architectures and commercial systems have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we discuss the design of such systems regarding the following stages: pre-processing, detection, and tracking. For each stage, a short description of its working principle as well as their advantages and shortcomings are introduced. Our paper may possibly help in designing new systems that overcome and improve the shortcomings of current architectures.
Regional Variations in Growth Plate Chondrocyte Deformation as Predicted By Three-Dimensional Multi-Scale Simulations

The physis, or growth plate, is a complex disc-shaped cartilage structure that is responsible for longitudinal bone growth. In this study, a multi-scale computational approach was undertaken to better understand how physiological loads are experienced by chondrocytes embedded inside chondrons when subjected to moderate strain under instantaneous compressive loading of the growth plate. Models of representative samples of compressed bone/growth-plate/bone from a 0.67 mm thick 4-month old bovine proximal tibial physis were subjected to a prescribed displacement equal to 20% of the growth plate thickness. At the macroscale level, the applied compressive deformation resulted in an overall compressive strain across the proliferative-hypertrophic zone of 17%. The microscale model predicted that chondrocytes sustained compressive height strains of 12% and 6% in the proliferative and hypertrophic zones, respectively, in the interior regions of the plate. This pattern was reversed within the outer 300 μm region at the free surface where cells were compressed by 10% in the proliferative and 26% in the hypertrophic zones, in agreement with experimental observations. This work provides a new approach to study growth plate behavior under compression and illustrates the need for combining computational and experimental methods to better understand the chondrocyte mechanics in the growth plate cartilage. While the current model is relevant to fast dynamic events, such as heel strike in walking, we believe this approach provides new insight into the mechanical factors that regulate bone growth at the cell level and provides a basis for developing models to help interpret experimental results at varying time scales.
A literature Review on Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Data Mining Techniques

Nowadays Kidney Disease is a growing problem in the world wide. Due to the high possibility of death within a short period of time, a patient must be hospitalized and appropriately cured. Many Data Mining techniques are used in the health care industry for predicting the Kidney Disease. The Data Mining techniques, namely SVM, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Classification, Neural Network are used to analyze the accuracy for the kidney related disease.
An Enhanced Representation of Time Series Which Allows Fast and Accurate Classification, Clustering and Relevance Feedback

We introduce an extended representation of time series that allows fast, accurate classification and clustering in addition to the ability to explore time series data in a relevance feedback framework. The representation consists of piecewise linear segments to represent shape and a weight vector that contains the relative importance of each individual linear segment. In the classification context, the weights are learned automatically as part of the training cycle. In the relevance feedback context, the weights are determined by an interactive and iterative process in which users rate various choices presented to them. Our representation allows a user to define a variety of similarity measures that can be tailored to specific domains. We demonstrate our approach on space telemetry, medical and synthetic data.
Topography of the greater palatine artery and the palatal vault for various types of periodontal plastic surgery.

The purpose of the present study is to provide useful data that could be applied to various types of periodontal plastic surgery by detailing the topography of the greater palatine artery (GPA), looking in particular at its depth from the palatal masticatory mucosa (PMM) and conducting a morphometric analysis of the palatal vault. Forty-three hemisectioned hard palates from embalmed Korean adult cadavers were used in this study. The morphometry of the palatal vault was analyzed, and then the specimens were decalcified and sectioned. Six parameters were measured using an image-analysis system after performing a standard calibration. In one specimen, the PMM was separated from the hard palate and subjected to a partial Sihler's staining technique, allowing the branching pattern of the GPA to be observed in a new method. The distances between the GPA and the gingival margin, and between the GPA and the cementoenamel junction were greatest at the maxillary second premolar. The shortest vertical distance between the GPA and the PMM decreased gradually as it proceeded anteriorly. The GPA was located deeper in the high-vault group than in the low-vault group. The premolar region should be recommended as the optimal donor site for tissue grafting, and in particular the second premolar region. The maximum size and thickness of tissue that can be harvested from the region were 9.3 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively.
Fine Hand Segmentation using Convolutional Neural Networks

We propose a method for extracting very accurate masks of hands in egocentric views. Our method is based on a novel Deep Learning architecture: In contrast with current Deep Learning methods, we do not use upscaling layers applied to a low-dimensional representation of the input image. Instead, we extract features with convolutional layers and map them directly to a segmentation mask with a fully connected layer. We show that this approach, when applied in a multi-scale fashion, is both accurate and efficient enough for real-time. We demonstrate it on a new dataset made of images captured in various environments, from the outdoors to offices.
Predicting Emotional Response to Unsuccessful Fertility Treatment: A Prospective Study

The predictive value of a comprehensive model with personality characteristics, stressor related cognitions, coping and social support was tested in a sample of 187 nonpregnant women. The emotional response to the unsuccessful treatment was predicted out of vulnerability factors assessed before the start of the treatment. The results indicated the importance of neuroticism as a vulnerability factor in emotional response to a severe stressor. They also underlined the importance of helplessness and marital dissatisfaction as additional risk factors, and acceptance and perceived social support as additional protective factors, in the development of anxiety and depression after a failed fertility treatment. From clinical point of view, these results suggest fertility-related cognitions and social support should receive attention when counselling women undergoing IVF or ICSI treatment.
Treatment of trichostasis spinulosa with 0.5-millisecond pulsed 755-nm alexandrite laser

Trichostasis spinulosa (TS) is a follicular disorder in which multiple hairs in a keratinous sheath project above the skin surface. Current treatments provide temporary relief and side effects are common. We report the successful treatment of TS in 20 patients using a short-pulsed 755-nm alexandrite laser. The 20 patients (skin types II–V) presented with TS lesions on the tip of their nose. All patients received a single treatment (one to three passes) with the laser with cold air cooling but without anaesthesia or analgesia. Treatment parameters were as follows: pulse duration 0.5 ms, fluence 15–17 J/cm2, and spot size 5 mm. The entire procedure required less than 5 min to perform. The patients were followed up for 3 months for any adverse effects or recurrence. In all patients the lesions disappeared immediately after treatment with minimal or no pain. Erythema was minimal and lasted 5–20 min in all patients. Patients were very satisfied. The treated areas were still clear 4 to 5 weeks later, and a second treatment was not considered necessary. There were adverse effects other than the erythema and there was no recurrence within the follow-up period of 3 months. A single treatment with a short-pulsed 755-nm alexandrite laser appears to be a rapid, minimally painful, and effective treatment for TS in patients of skin types II to V.
Congestion Avoidance with Incremental Filter Aggregation in Content-Based Routing Networks

The subscription covering optimization, whereby a general subscription quenches the forwarding of more specific ones, is a common technique to reduce network traffic and routing state in content-based routing networks. Such optimizations, however, leave the system vulnerable to unsubscriptions that trigger the immediate forwarding of all the subscriptions they had previously quenched. These subscription bursts can severely congest the network, and destabilize the system. This paper presents techniques to retain much of the benefits of subscription covering while avoiding bursty subscription traffic. Heuristics are used to estimate the similarity among subscriptions, and a distributed algorithm determines the portions of a subscription propagation tree that should be preserved. Evaluations show that these mechanisms avoid subscription bursts while maintaining relatively compact routing tables.
A printed log-periodic dipole antenna with balanced feed structure

A printed log-periodic dipole antenna (PLDPA) with balanced feed structure is proposed. The traditional feeding structure using a single coaxial cable and feed lines with equal width will lead to an unbalanced current distribution, thus, the radiation pattern performances a frequency dependent deflection status. In this paper, we have modified the width of two feed lines to compensate the effect of the soldered external shield of the coaxial cable, i.e., obtain an equivalent electroconductibility on both sides of feed lines. On one side of substrate, the external shield of the coaxial feeder is soldered on the narrower feed line while the inner conductor is connected to the wider one on the other side. The simulated return loss is less than -10 dB from 0.5 GHz to 3 GHz (6 : 1). The simulated gain varies between 7 dB and 7.5 dB. The antenna's behaviour has been improved and the radiation pattern become stable when the proposed feeding structure was employed.
Advanced web analytics tool for mouse tracking and real-time data processing

Web analytic tools offer important support for better recognition of the web user's behavior, identification of bottlenecks and errors in user interface design, performance measurement of web environment, monitoring of website availability or recommendation of appropriate website content. These tools are based on tracking techniques and sophisticated algorithms that process and evaluate large volumes of captured data. In this paper, we propose a new solution to capture mouse movements of web users, to identify their area of interest. This solution is based on real-time data transformation, which converts discrete position data with high sample period to predefined functions. This transformation has a high degree of accuracy, which is exemplified by case scenarios. The result of this solution is a significant saving in data, transmitted from the client to the server, which leads to significant savings in system resources on the server side.
Genetics of cleft lip and cleft palate.

Orofacial clefts are common birth defects and can occur as isolated, nonsyndromic events or as part of Mendelian syndromes. There is substantial phenotypic diversity in individuals with these birth defects and their family members: from subclinical phenotypes to associated syndromic features that is mirrored by the many genes that contribute to the etiology of these disorders. Identification of these genes and loci has been the result of decades of research using multiple genetic approaches. Significant progress has been made recently due to advances in sequencing and genotyping technologies, primarily through the use of whole exome sequencing and genome-wide association studies. Future progress will hinge on identifying functional variants, investigation of pathway and other interactions, and inclusion of phenotypic and ethnic diversity in studies.
Two-Dimensional Sensor System for Automotive Crash Prediction

This paper focuses on the use of magnetoresistive and sonar sensors for imminent collision detection in cars. The magnetoresistive sensors are used to measure the magnetic field from another vehicle in close proximity, to estimate relative position, velocity, and orientation of the vehicle from the measurements. First, an analytical formulation is developed for the planar variation of the magnetic field from a car as a function of 2-D position and orientation. While this relationship can be used to estimate position and orientation, a challenge is posed by the fact that the parameters in the analytical function vary with the type and model of the encountered car. Since the type of vehicle encountered is not known a priori, the parameters in the magnetic field function are unknown. The use of both sonar and magnetoresistive sensors and an adaptive estimator is shown to address this problem. While the sonar sensors do not work at very small intervehicle distance and have low refresh rates, their use during a short initial time duration leads to a reliable estimator. Experimental results are presented for both a laboratory wheeled car door and for a full-scale passenger sedan. The results show that planar position and orientation can be accurately estimated for a range of relative motions at different oblique angles.
BitNet: Bit-Regularized Deep Neural Networks

We present a novel optimization strategy for training neural networks which we call “BitNet”. The parameters of neural networks are usually unconstrained and have a dynamic range dispersed over all real values. Our key idea is to limit the expressive power of the network by dynamically controlling the range and set of values that the parameters can take. We formulate this idea using a novel end-to-end approach that circumvents the discrete parameter space by optimizing a relaxed continuous and differentiable upper bound of the typical classification loss function. The approach can be interpreted as a regularization inspired by the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle. For each layer of the network, our approach optimizes real-valued translation and scaling factors and arbitrary precision integer-valued parameters (weights). We empirically compare BitNet to an equivalent unregularized model on the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets. We show that BitNet converges faster to a superior quality solution. Additionally, the resulting model has significant savings in memory due to the use of integer-valued parameters.
Text Detection and Recognition for Semantic Mapping in Indoor Navigation

This paper presents a novel way for detecting sign board and text recognition to aid navigation in indoor environment. Using text as a landmark for vision based navigation is still an active research and till date all algorithms developed for detection and recognition of texts for an indoor navigation have a lot of room to make it applicable on real time. Our proposed method is an extension of the work and will aid in the on going research. We have achieved an accuracy of 80% and were able to extract sign boards text from actual scenes.
International symposium: Recent advances in benzene toxicity.

The symposium overview describes the recent succession of scientific meetings to further understand the adverse effects of benzene. It reviews the epidemiological evidence for hematological changes including leukemias and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, the progress in molecular biology and mechanism of action as well as ongoing studies in these fields. Various national occupational and community exposure monitoring data show that there has been significant progress in reducing benzene exposures globally. Biomarkers and biomonitoring have been used to provide information on biological plausibility, mode of action and susceptibility, and in the discrimination of co-exposures. Current research should help to further clarify cell type specificity, relationship to exposure, and the molecular elements involved in mechanism.
Message passing algorithms for compressed sensing: I. motivation and construction

In a recent paper, the authors proposed a new class of low-complexity iterative thresholding algorithms for reconstructing sparse signals from a small set of linear measurements. The new algorithms are broadly referred to as AMP, for approximate message passing. This is the first of two conference papers describing the derivation of these algorithms, connection with the related literature, extensions of the original framework, and new empirical evidence. In particular, the present paper outlines the derivation of AMP from standard sum-product belief propagation, and its extension in several directions. We also discuss relations with formal calculations based on statistical mechanics methods.