nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrabroadband and Wide-Angle Hybrid Antireflection Coatings With Nanostructures

Ultrabroadband and wide-angle antireflection coatings (ARCs) are essential to realizing efficiency gains for state-of-the-art multijunction photovoltaic devices. In this study, we examine a novel design that integrates a nanostructured antireflection layer with a multilayer ARC. Using optical models, we find that this hybrid approach can reduce reflected AM1.5D power by 10-50 W/m2 over a wide angular range compared to conventional thin-film ARCs. A detailed balance model correlates this to an improvement in absolute cell efficiency of 1-2%. Three different ARC designs are fabricated on indium gallium phosphide, and reflectance is measured to show the benefit of this hybrid approach.
ANTISYMMETRY AND WORD ORDER IN SERIAL CONSTRUCTIONS

Strict head-final surface order derives from underlying left-headedness in Ijo , a Niger-Congo language of Nigeria. A word order anomaly in Ijo SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS (SVCs) strongly suggests this, and left-to-right asymmetric c-command among internal arguments of SVCs confirms it. The anomaly is universal among surface right-headed languages with SVCs, indicating that deep left-headedness is universal, as antisymmetry theory predicts (Kayne 1994). Assuming complements are in Specs, and that a light verb v selects every VP (Chomsky 1999), I derive VOVO from OVOV by two instances of V-to-v movement. I argue for a nonuniform approach to SVCs, involving relations of both raising (Campbell 1989) and control (Collins 1997). Other aspects of SVC word order are predictable from a universal thematic hierarchy nontheme theme, and short scrambling (Takano 1998).
Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Mineral Contents of Pulicaria inuloides

Essential oils are volatile, natural, complex mixtures of compounds characterized by a strong odour and formed by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the whole plant of Pulicaria inuloides grown in Yemen and collected at full flowering stage were analyzed by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Several oil components were identified based upon comparison of their mass spectral data with those of reference compounds. The main components identified in the oil were 47.34% of 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 2-methyl-5-(1-methyl with Hexadecanoic acid (CAS) (12.82%) and Ethane, 1,2-diethoxy(9.613%). In this study, mineral contents of whole plant of P. inuloides were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Highest level of K, Mg, Na, Fe and Ca of 159.5, 29.5, 14.2, 13.875 and 5.225 mg/100 g were found in P. inuloides.
INTRODUCTION TO MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS AND THEIR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MC) simulations started in earnest with the 1953 article by Nicholas Metropolis, Arianna Rosenbluth, Marshall Rosenbluth, Augusta Teller and Edward Teller [18]. Since then MC simulations have become an indispensable tool with applications in many branches of science. Some of those are reviewed in the proceedings [13] of the 2003 Los Alamos conference, which celebrated the 50th birthday of Metropolis simulations. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide an overview of basic concepts, which are prerequisites for an understanding of the more advanced lectures of this volume. In particular the lectures by Prof. Landau are closely related. The theory behind MC simulations is based on statistics and the analy-
Work engagement: an emerging concept in occupational health psychology.

ccupational Health Psychology concerns the application of psychology to improving the quality of work life and to protecting and promoting the safety, health, and well-being of workers. Contrary to what its name suggests, Occupational Health Psychology has almost exclusively dealt with ill health and poor wellbeing. For instance, a simple count reveals that about 95% of all articles that have been published so far in the leading Journal of Occupational Health Psychology have dealt with negative aspects of workers' health and well-being, such as cardiovascular disease, repetitive strain injury, and burnout. In contrast, only about 5% of the articles have dealt with positive aspects such as job satisfaction, commitment, and motivation. However, times appear to be changing. Since the beginning of this century, more attention has been paid to what has been coined positive psychology: the scientific study of human strength and optimal functioning. This approach is considered to supplement the traditional focus of psychology on psychopathology, disease, illness, disturbance, and malfunctioning. The emergence of positive (organizational) psychology has naturally led to the increasing popularity of positive aspects of health and well-being in Occupational Health Psychology. One of these positive aspects is work engagement, which is considered to be the antithesis of burnout. While burnout is usually defined as a syndrome of exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy, engagement is defined as a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. Engaged employees have a sense of energetic and effective connection with their work activities. Since this new concept was proposed by Wilmar Schaufeli (Utrecht University, the Netherlands) in 2001, 93 academic articles mainly focusing on the measurement of work engagement and its possible antecedents and consequences have been published (see www.schaufeli.com). In addition, major international academic conferences organized by the International Commission on Occupational 171
Efficient query processing in geographic web search engines

Geographic web search engines allow users to constrain and order search results in an intuitive manner by focusing a query on a particular geographic region. Geographic search technology, also called local search, has recently received significant interest from major search engine companies. Academic research in this area has focused primarily on techniques for extracting geographic knowledge from the web. In this paper, we study the problem of efficient query processing in scalable geographic search engines. Query processing is a major bottleneck in standard web search engines, and the main reason for the thousands of machines used by the major engines. Geographic search engine query processing is different in that it requires a combination of text and spatial data processing techniques. We propose several algorithms for efficient query processing in geographic search engines, integrate them into an existing web search query processor, and evaluate them on large sets of real data and query traces.
Cavum septum pellucidum and cavum vergae with late-onset catatonia.

Associations between large cavum septum pellucidum and functional psychosis disorders, especially schizophrenia, have been reported. We report a case of late-onset catatonia associated with enlarged CSP and cavum vergae. A 66-year-old woman was presented with altered mental status and stereotypic movement. She was initially treated with aripiprazole and lorazepam. After 4 weeks, she was treated with electroconvulsive therapy. By 10 treatments, echolalia vanished, and catatonic behavior was alleviated. Developmental anomalies in the midline structure may increase susceptibility to psychosis, even in the elderly.
No More Gotos: Decompilation Using Pattern-Independent Control-Flow Structuring and Semantic-Preserving Transformations

Decompilation is important for many security applications; it facilitates the tedious task of manual malware reverse engineering and enables the use of source-based security tools on binary code. This includes tools to find vulnerabilities, discover bugs, and perform taint tracking. Recovering high-level control constructs is essential for decompilation in order to produce structured code that is suitable for human analysts and sourcebased program analysis techniques. State-of-the-art decompilers rely on structural analysis, a pattern-matching approach over the control flow graph, to recover control constructs from binary code. Whenever no match is found, they generate goto statements and thus produce unstructured decompiled output. Those statements are problematic because they make decompiled code harder to understand and less suitable for program analysis. In this paper, we present DREAM, the first decompiler to offer a goto-free output. DREAM uses a novel patternindependent control-flow structuring algorithm that can recover all control constructs in binary programs and produce structured decompiled code without any goto statement. We also present semantics-preserving transformations that can transform unstructured control flow graphs into structured graphs. We demonstrate the correctness of our algorithms and show that we outperform both the leading industry and academic decompilers: Hex-Rays and Phoenix. We use the GNU coreutils suite of utilities as a benchmark. Apart from reducing the number of goto statements to zero, DREAM also produced more compact code (less lines of code) for 72.7% of decompiled functions compared to Hex-Rays and 98.8% compared to Phoenix. We also present a comparison of Hex-Rays and DREAM when decompiling three samples from Cridex, ZeusP2P, and SpyEye malware families.
An EFL Flipped Classroom Teaching Model : Effects on English Language Higher-order Thinking Skills , Student Engagement and Satisfaction

This study aimed at investigating the effect of a suggested EFL Flipped Classroom Teaching Model (EFL-FCTM) on graduate students' English higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), engagement and satisfaction. Also, it investigated the relationship between higher-order thinking skills, engagement and satisfaction. The sample comprised (67) graduate female students; an experimental group (N=33) and a control group (N=34), studying an English course at Taif University, KSA. The study used mixed method design; a pre-post HOTS test was carried out and two 5-Likert scale questionnaires had been designed and distributed; an engagement scale and a satisfaction scale. The findings of the study revealed statistically significant differences between the two group in HOTS in favor of the experimental group. Also, there was significant difference between the pre and post administration of the engagement scale in favor of the post administration. Moreover, students satisfaction on the (EFL-FCTM) was high. Finally, there were high significant relationships between HOTS and student engagement, HOTS and satisfaction and between student engagement and satisfaction.
Choking death on a live fish (Dicologoglossa cuneata).

A choking death of a healthy fisherman, who put a type of live sole between his jaws to free up his hands so that he could collect more fish to put into his basket, is described. The fish squirmed into the larynx and upper trachea and the attempts to rescue the man by his colleagues who used pliers did not succeed, and the man died. Other published cases are reviewed, and risk factors and rescue possibilities discussed.
Automatic Learning of Fine Operating Rules for Online Power System Security Control

Fine operating rules for security control and an automatic system for their online discovery were developed to adapt to the development of smart grids. The automatic system uses the real-time system state to determine critical flowgates, and then a continuation power flow-based security analysis is used to compute the initial transfer capability of critical flowgates. Next, the system applies the Monte Carlo simulations to expected short-term operating condition changes, feature selection, and a linear least squares fitting of the fine operating rules. The proposed system was validated both on an academic test system and on a provincial power system in China. The results indicated that the derived rules provide accuracy and good interpretability and are suitable for real-time power system security control. The use of high-performance computing systems enables these fine operating rules to be refreshed online every 15 min.
Transparent, flexible, and stretchable WS2 based humidity sensors for electronic skin.

Skin-mountable chemical sensors using flexible chemically sensitive nanomaterials are of great interest for electronic skin (e-skin) application. To build these sensors, the emerging atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductors could be a good material candidate. Herein, we show that a large-area WS2 film synthesized by sulfurization of a tungsten film exhibits high humidity sensing performance both in natural flat and high mechanical flexible states (bending curvature down to 5 mm). The conductivity of as-synthesized WS2 increases sensitively over a wide relative humidity range (up to 90%) with fast response and recovery times in a few seconds. By using graphene as electrodes and thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as substrate, a transparent, flexible, and stretchable humidity sensor was fabricated. This senor can be well laminated onto skin and shows stable water moisture sensing behaviors in the undeformed relaxed state as well as under compressive and tensile loadings. Furthermore, its high sensing performance enables real-time monitoring of human breath, indicating a potential mask-free breath monitoring for healthcare application. We believe that such a skin-activity compatible WS2 humidity sensor may shed light on developing low power consumption wearable chemical sensors based on 2D semiconductors.
Virtual Visual Servoing: a framework for real-time augmented reality

This paper presents a framework to achieve real-time augmented reality applications. We propose a framework based on the visual servoing approach well known in robotics. We consider pose or viewpoint computation as a similar problem to visual servoing. It allows one to take advantage of all the research that has been carried out in this domain in the past. The proposed method features simplicity, accuracy, efficiency, and scalability wrt. to the camera model as well as wrt. the features extracted from the image. We illustrate the efficiency of our approach on augmented reality applications with various real image sequences.
FUN PLEdGE: a FUNny Platformers LEvels GEnerator

In the present work, we tackle the issue of designing, prototyping and testing a general-purpose automated level editor for platform video games. Beside relieving level designers from the burden of repetitive work, Procedural Content Generation can be exploited for optimizing the development process, increasing re-playability, adapting games to specific audiences, and enabling new games mechanics. The tool proposed in this paper is aimed at producing levels that are both playable and fun. At the same time, it should guarantee maximum freedom to the level designer, and suggest corrections functional to the quality of the player experience.
Ranking-based Method for News Stance Detection

A valuable step towards news veracity assessment is to understand stance from different information sources, and the process is known as the stance detection. Specifically, the stance detection is to detect four kinds of stances (“agree”, “disagree”, “discuss” and “unrelated”) of the news towards a claim. Existing methods tried to tackle the stance detection problem by classification-based algorithms. However, classification-based algorithms make a strong assumption that there is clear distinction between any two stances, which may not be held in the context of stance detection. Accordingly, we frame the detection problem as a ranking problem and propose a rankingbased method to improve detection performance. Compared with the classification-based methods, the ranking-based method compare the true stance and false stances and maximize the difference between them. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Sub-60-mV/decade Negative Capacitance FinFET With Sub-10-nm Hafnium-Based Ferroelectric Capacitor

The negative capacitance (NC) of ferroelectric materials has paved the way for achieving sub-60-mV/decade switching feature in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) field-effect transistors, by simply inserting a ferroelectric thin layer in the gate stack. However, in order to utilize the ferroelectric capacitor (as a breakthrough technique to overcome the Boltzmann limit of the device using thermionic emission process), the thickness of the ferroelectric layer should be scaled down to sub-10-nm for ease of integration with conventional CMOS logic devices. In this paper, we demonstrate an NC fin-shaped field-effect transistor (FinFET) with a 6-nm-thick HfZrO ferroelectric capacitor. The performance parameters of NC FinFET such as on-/off-state currents and subthreshold slope are compared with those of the conventional FinFET. Furthermore, a repetitive and reliable steep switching feature of the NC FinFET at various drain voltages is demonstrated.
Comparison of localization performance with implanted fiducial markers and cone-beam computed tomography for on-line image-guided radiotherapy of the prostate.

The aim of this work was to assess the accuracy of kilovoltage (kV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based setup corrections as compared with orthogonal megavoltage (MV) portal image-based corrections for patients undergoing external-beam radiotherapy of the prostate.



Daily cone-beam CT volumetric images were acquired after setup for patients with three intraprostatic fiducial markers. The estimated couch shifts were compared retrospectively to patient adjustments based on two orthogonal MV portal images (the current clinical standard of care in our institution). The CBCT soft-tissue based shifts were also estimated by digitally removing the gold markers in each projection to suppress the artifacts in the reconstructed volumes. A total of 256 volumetric images for 15 patients were analyzed.



The Pearson coefficient of correlation for the patient position shifts using fiducial markers in MV vs. kV was (R2 = 0.95, 0.84, 0.81) in the left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions, respectively. The correlation using soft-tissue matching was as follows: R2 = 0.90, 0.49, 0.51 in the LR, AP and SI directions. A Bland-Altman analysis showed no significant trends in the data. The percentage of shifts within a +/-3-mm tolerance (the clinical action level) was 99.7%, 95.5%, 91.3% for fiducial marker matching and 99.5%, 70.3%, 78.4% for soft-tissue matching.



Cone-beam CT is an accurate and precise tool for image guidance. It provides an equivalent means of patient setup correction for prostate patients with implanted gold fiducial markers. Use of the additional information provided by the visualization of soft-tissue structures is an active area of research.
Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms

Bacteria that adhere to implanted medical devices or damaged tissue can encase themselves in a hydrated matrix of polysaccharide and protein, and form a slimy layer known as a biofilm. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in the biofilm mode of growth contributes to the chronicity of infections such as those associated with implanted medical devices. The mechanisms of resistance in biofilms are different from the now familiar plasmids, transposons, and mutations that confer innate resistance to individual bacterial cells. In biofilms, resistance seems to depend on multicellular strategies. We summarise the features of biofilm infections, review emerging mechanisms of resistance, and discuss potential therapies.
Entity Linking for Tweets

We study the task of entity linking for tweets, which tries to associate each mention in a tweet with a knowledge base entry. Two main challenges of this task are the dearth of information in a single tweet and the rich entity mention variations. To address these challenges, we propose a collective inference method that simultaneously resolves a set of mentions. Particularly, our model integrates three kinds of similarities, i.e., mention-entry similarity, entry-entry similarity, and mention-mention similarity, to enrich the context for entity linking, and to address irregular mentions that are not covered by the entity-variation dictionary. We evaluate our method on a publicly available data set and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Enhanced CSI Acquisition for FDD Multi-User Massive MIMO Systems

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is envisioned to meet the growing spectral efficiency (SE) requirement in next generation cellular systems. However, it has been recognized that the unaffordable channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) overhead required for acquiring CSI is a major challenge in frequency division duplexing (FDD) massive MIMO systems. To tackle the challenge of this CSI-RS overhead limitation, certain attempts, which have been designed for the scenarios with dispersive locations of users and sparse nature of channels, suffer from inaccurate channel estimation when the nature of channels for different users becomes highly correlated and rich. In this paper, we propose an enhanced CSI acquisition scheme for FDD multi-user massive MIMO systems, which exploits beamformed CSI-RS transmission mechanism to reduce the CSI-RS overhead. We present two limited feedback algorithms which provide different tradeoffs between system performance and CSI feedback overhead, where the multistage CSI acquisition strategy is adopted to avoid prohibitive computational complexity and amount of feedback requirement. The simulation results show that our CSI acquisition scheme, without additional CSI-RS overhead and enormous CSI feedback overhead, achieves higher SE performance as compared to conventional scheme.
Index Coding of Point Cloud-Based Road Map Data for Autonomous Driving

Information exchange in a vehicular network between autonomous vehicles and the roadside infrastructure is important for improving road safety. These autonomous vehicles, equipped with a sensor suite, are capable of obtaining road map data that can be used to inform other vehicles and update the central road map repository through roadside units. The roadside infrastructure nodes act as local databases for distributing regional 3D road map data in form of point clouds to autonomous vehicles passing by. Since the vehicles might have various side information regarding the road network and traffic condition, minimizing the required number of transmissions to satisfy the demand of participating vehicles through network coding is an interesting research problem in road map data dissemination. In this paper, we propose the Road Map Data Encoding and Dissemination System (REDS) and evaluate its performance in a four-way junction scenario. It is based on index coding for broadcasting road map data from a centrally-managed roadside node to vehicles. REDS uses the data availability and demand knowledge for encoding and transmitting 3D point cloud road map data from different road segments. The data availability information helps prevent the transmission of duplicated road map data and provides the sets of side information in the index coding problem, while the data demand information further defines the message transmission priority based on the data demand of different road segments. Simulation results indicate that REDS reduces the average number of transmissions and transmitted point cloud data size by around 30% when the data availability probability is about 0.5 under random mobility in all simulated scenarios when compared to the traditional broadcasting approach.