nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome (cerebello-trigeminal-dermal dysplasia): description of an additional case and review of the literature

Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder with a distinct phenotype (OMIM 601853). To our knowledge there have been seven cases documented to date. We report on an additional male patient now aged 15 8/12 years with synostosis of the lambdoid suture, partial scalp alopecia, corneal opacity, mental retardation and striking phenotypic features (e.g., brachyturricephaly, hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia and low-set ears) consistent with Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome. In early childhood the patient demonstrated aggressive behavior and raging periods. He also had seizures that were adequately controlled by medication. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed rhombencephalosynapsis, i.e., a rare fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, also consistent with Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome. In addition a lipoma of the quadrigeminal plate was observed, a feature not previously described in the seven patients reported in the literature. Cytogenetic and subtelomere analyses were inconspicuous. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) testing revealed five aberrations (partial deletions of 1p21.1, 8q24.23, 10q11.2, Xq26.3 and partial duplication of 19p13.2), which, however, have been classified as normal variants. Array-CGH has not been published in the previously reported children. The combination of certain craniofacial features, including partial alopecia, and the presence of rhombencephalosynapsis in the MRI are suggestive of Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome. Children with this syndrome should undergo a certain social pediatric protocol including EEG diagnostics, ophthalmological investingation, psychological testing, management of behavioral problems and genetic counseling.
A study on moral hazard in dentistry: costs of care in the private and the public sector.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the costs of subsidized care for an adult population provided by private and public sector dentists.



A sample of 210 patients was drawn systematically from the waiting list for nonemergency dental treatment in the city of Turku. Questionnaire data covering sociodemographic background, dental care utilization and marginal time cost estimates were combined with data from patient registers on treatment given. Information was available on 104 patients (52 from each of the public and the private sectors).



The overall time taken to provide treatment was 181 days in the public sector and 80 days in the private sector (P<0.002). On average, public sector patients had significantly (P < 0.01) more dental visits (5.33) than private sector patients (3.47), which caused higher visiting fees. In addition, patients in the public sector also had higher other out-of-pocket costs than in the private sector. Those who needed emergency dental treatment during the waiting time for comprehensive care had significantly more costly treatment and higher total costs than the other patients. Overall time required for dental visits significantly increased total costs. The total cost of dental care in the public sector was slightly higher (P<0.05) than in the private sector.



There is no direct evidence of moral hazard on the provider side from this study. The observed cost differences between the two sectors may indicate that private practitioners could manage their publicly funded patients more quickly than their private paying patients. On the other hand, private dentists providing more treatment per visit could be explained by private dentists providing more than is needed by increasing the content per visit.
Reasonable price recommendation on Airbnb using Multi-Scale clustering

Reasonable house price prediction is a meaningful task, and the house clustering is an important process in the prediction. In this paper, we propose the method of Multi-Scale Affinity Propagation(MSAP) aggregating the house appropriately by the landmark and the facility. Then in each cluster, using Linear Regression model with Normal Noise(LRNN) predicts the reasonable price, which is verified by the increasing number of the renting reviews. Experiments show that the precision of the reasonable price prediction improved greatly via the method of MSAP.
Integration site selection by retroviruses and transposable elements in eukaryotes

Transposable elements and retroviruses are found in most genomes, can be pathogenic and are widely used as gene-delivery and functional genomics tools. Exploring whether these genetic elements target specific genomic sites for integration and how this preference is achieved is crucial to our understanding of genome evolution, somatic genome plasticity in cancer and ageing, host–parasite interactions and genome engineering applications. High-throughput profiling of integration sites by next-generation sequencing, combined with large-scale genomic data mining and cellular or biochemical approaches, has revealed that the insertions are usually non-random. The DNA sequence, chromatin and nuclear context, and cellular proteins cooperate in guiding integration in eukaryotic genomes, leading to a remarkable diversity of insertion site distribution and evolutionary strategies.
Successful use of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of severe Raynaud's disease of the hands.

RAYNAUD’S Disease is a vasospastic disorder affecting primarily the distal resistance vessels. The disease is typically characterized by the abrupt onset of digital pallor or cyanosis in response to cold exposure or stress. Raynaud’s Disease may occur independently or be associated with other conditions (systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma) and connective tissue diseases. Initial symptoms may include a burning sensation in the affected area accompanied by allodynia and painful paresthesias with vasomotor (cold, cyanotic) changes. Ultimately, as the ischemia becomes more chronic, this condition may progress to amputation of the affected digits. The most common indication for spinal cord stimulation in the United States is for chronic painful neuropathies. However, in Europe, spinal cord stimulation is frequently used to treat ischemic conditions, such as peripheral vascular disease and coronary occlusive disease. Although technically an off-label indication in the United States, this practice is supported by many published studies. There have also been case reports of its use in other diseases resulting in arterial insufficiency to the extremities, such as thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s Disease), but its use in Raynaud’s Disease is relatively underreported. This case describes the use of cervical spinal cord stimulation to treat refractory digital ischemia in a patient with advanced Raynaud’s Disease.
The Guide to Computer Simulations and Games : A Review

from its introductory beginning and across its 446 pages, centered around the notion that computer simulations and games are not at all disparate but very much aligning concepts. This not only makes for an interesting premise but also an engaging book overall which offers a resource into an educational subject (for it is educational simulations that the authors predominantly address) which is not overly saturated. The aim of the book as a result of this decision, which is explained early on, but also because of its subsequent structure, is to enlighten its intended audience in the way that effective and successful simulations/games operate (on a theoretical/conceptual and technical level, although in the case of the latter the book intentionally never delves into the realms of software programming specifics per se), can be designed, built and, finally, evaluated. The book is structured in three different and distinct parts, with four chapters in the first, six chapters in the second and six chapters in the third and final one. The first chapter is essentially a " teaser " , according to the authors. There are a couple of more traditional simulations described, a couple of well-known mainstream games (Mario Kart and Portal 2, interesting choices, especially the first one) and then the authors proceed to present applications which show the simulation and game convergence. These applications have a strong educational outlook (covering on this occasion very diverse topics, from flood prevention to drink driving awareness, amongst others). This chapter works very well in initiating the audience in the subject matter and drawing the necessary parallels. With all of the simula-tions/games/educational applications included BOOK REVIEW
Attitude Toward the Viral Ad : Expanding Traditional Advertising Models to Interactive Advertising

As a form of advertising, viral video (VV) advertising is distinct in that its communication medium is the social connections between individuals instead of formal media. After viewing VV advertising, people are engaged in two independent but interrelated processes, i.e., video sharing and embedded brand information processing. Previous research has not examined the interaction between the two processes. This study expands on the mediation of attitude toward the advertisement model proposed by MacKenzie, Lutz, and Belch (1986). Experimental results from three viral video advertisements show that attitude toward the VV advertisement is the major factor affecting video sharing, but attitude toward the brand also has a significant impact on sharing activity. Affect transfer hypothesis (ATH) and its extended models are optimal in explaining viral video advertising, which is different from prior research on non-viral advertising that suggests dual mediation hypothesis as the optimal explanatory theory.
Colocalization of the alpha-subunit of gustducin with PYY and GLP-1 in L cells of human colon.

In view of the importance of molecular sensing in the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, we assessed whether signal transduction proteins that mediate taste signaling are expressed in cells of the human gut. Here, we demonstrated that the alpha-subunit of the taste-specific G protein gustducin (Galpha(gust)) is expressed prominently in cells of the human colon that also contain chromogranin A, an established marker of endocrine cells. Double-labeling immunofluorescence and staining of serial sections demonstrated that Galpha(gust) localized to enteroendocrine L cells that express peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 in the human colonic mucosa. We also found expression of transcripts encoding human type 2 receptor (hT2R) family members, hT1R3, and Galpha(gust) in the human colon and in the human intestinal endocrine cell lines (HuTu-80 and NCI-H716 cells). Stimulation of HuTu-80 or NCI-H716 cells with the bitter-tasting compound phenylthiocarbamide, which binds hT2R38, induced a rapid increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in these cells. The identification of Galpha(gust) and chemosensory receptors that perceive chemical components of ingested substances, including drugs and toxins, in open enteroendocrine L cells has important implications for understanding molecular sensing in the human GI tract and for developing novel therapeutic compounds that modify the function of these receptors in the gut.
Hunger in children in the United States: potential behavioral and emotional correlates.

Results from a recent series of surveys from 9 states and the District of Columbia by the Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project (CCHIP) provide an estimate that 4 million American children experience prolonged periodic food insufficiency and hunger each year, 8% of the children under the age of 12 in this country. The same studies show that an additional 10 million children are at risk for hunger. The current study examined the relationship between hunger as defined by the CCHIP measure (food insufficiency attributable to constrained resources) and variables reflecting the psychosocial functioning of low-income, school-aged children.



The study group included 328 parents and children from a CCHIP study of families with at least 1 child under the age of 12 years living in the city of Pittsburgh and the surrounding Allegheny County. A two-stage area probability sampling design with standard cluster techniques was used. All parents whose child was between the ages of 6 and 12 years at the time of interview were asked to complete a Pediatric Symptom Checklist, a brief parent-report questionnaire that assesses children's emotional and behavioral symptoms. Hunger status was defined by parent responses to the standard 8 food-insufficiency questions from the CCHIP survey that are used to classify households and children as "hungry," "at-risk for hunger," or "not hungry."



In an area probability sample of low-income families, those defined as hungry on the CCHIP measure were significantly more likely to have clinical levels of psychosocial dysfunction on the Pediatric Symptom Checklist than children defined as at-risk for hunger or not hungry. Analysis of individual items and factor scores on the Pediatric Symptom Checklist showed that virtually all behavioral, emotional, and academic problems were more prevalent in hungry children, but that aggression and anxiety had the strongest degree of association with experiences of hunger.



Children from families that report multiple experiences of food insufficiency and hunger are more likely to show behavioral, emotional, and academic problems on a standardized measure of psychosocial dysfunction than children from the same low-income communities whose families do not report experiences of hunger. Although causality cannot be determined from a cross-sectional design, the strength of these findings suggests the importance of greater awareness on the part of health care providers and public health officials of the role of food insufficiency and hunger in the lives of poor children.
Reverse-Flow Lateral Tarsal Island Flap for Covering the Great Toe Donor Site of Wraparound Flap.

Coverage of the great toe donor site of wraparound flap remains a challenge. This report presents the results of using an innervated pedicled reverse-flow lateral tarsal island flap for covering the great toe donor site of wraparound flap.



Between 2005 and 2010, 11 reverse-flow lateral tarsal island flaps were used to cover the great toe donor site of wraparound flap in 11 patients. This pedicled flap designed on the lateral tarsal area of foot was based distally on the dorsalis pedis artery; the lateral dorsal pedal cutaneous nerve was incorporated into the reverse-flow lateral tarsal island flap and coapted with the first plantar digital nerve. The donor sites of reverse-flow lateral tarsal island flap were covered with inguinal full-thickness skin grafts.



All flaps achieved primary healing except for two that suffered from mild venous insufficiency which was managed by conservative intervention. All skin grafts covering the donor site of reverse-flow lateral tarsal island flap healed uneventfully. The mean follow-up was 24 months (range, 18-48 months). The mean hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale score was 92 points (range, 85-97 points) at 6 months postoperatively. The static 2-point discrimination of the reverse-flow lateral tarsal island flap ranged from 6 to 14 mm (mean 10 mm). None of the patients were restricted in standing or walking during follow-up.



The reverse-flow lateral tarsal island flap based distally on the dorsalis pedis artery has a constant pedicle that is sufficiently long. This innervated pedicle flap is a reliable option to cover the great toe donor site of wraparound flap with satisfactory functional and cosmetic results and acceptable donor site morbidity.
Biomaterials and biomechanics of oral and maxillofacial implants: current status and future developments.

Research in biomaterials and biomechanics has fueled a large part of the significant revolution associated with osseointegrated implants. Additional key areas that may become even more important--such as guided tissue regeneration, growth factors, and tissue engineering--could not be included in this review because of space limitations. All of this work will no doubt continue unabated; indeed, it is probably even accelerating as more clinical applications are found for implant technology and related therapies. An excellent overall summary of oral biology and dental implants recently appeared in a dedicated issue of Advances in Dental Research. Many advances have been made in the understanding of events at the interface between bone and implants and in developing methods for controlling these events. However, several important questions still remain. What is the relationship between tissue structure, matrix composition, and biomechanical properties of the interface? Do surface modifications alter the interfacial tissue structure and composition and the rate at which it forms? If surface modifications change the initial interface structure and composition, are these changes retained? Do surface modifications enhance biomechanical properties of the interface? As current understanding of the bone-implant interface progresses, so will development of proactive implants that can help promote desired outcomes. However, in the midst of the excitement born out of this activity, it is necessary to remember that the needs of the patient must remain paramount. It is also worth noting another as-yet unsatisfied need. With all of the new developments, continuing education of clinicians in the expert use of all of these research advances is needed. For example, in the area of biomechanical treatment planning, there are still no well-accepted biomaterials/biomechanics "building codes" that can be passed on to clinicians. Also, there are no readily available treatment-planning tools that clinicians can use to explore "what-if" scenarios and other design calculations of the sort done in modern engineering. No doubt such approaches could be developed based on materials already in the literature, but unfortunately much of what is done now by clinicians remains empirical. A worthwhile task for the future is to find ways to more effectively deliver products of research into the hands of clinicians.
Understanding Regularization by Virtual Adversarial Training, Ladder Networks and Others

We study a regularization framework where we feed an original clean data point and a nearby point through a mapping, which is then penalized by the Euclidian distance between the corresponding outputs. The nearby point may be chosen randomly or adversarially. A more general form of this framework has been presented in (Bachman et al., 2014). We relate this framework to many existing regularization methods: It is a stochastic estimate of penalizing the Frobenius norm of the Jacobian of the mapping as in Poggio & Girosi (1990), it generalizes noise regularization (Sietsma & Dow, 1991), and it is a simplification of the canonical regularization term by the ladder networks in Rasmus et al. (2015). We also investigate the connection to virtual adversarial training (VAT) (Miyato et al., 2016) and show how VAT can be interpreted as penalizing the largest eigenvalue of a Fisher information matrix. Our contribution is discovering connections between the studied and other existing regularization methods.
Online Resource Allocation for Arbitrary User Mobility in Distributed Edge Clouds

As clouds move to the network edge to facilitate mobile applications, edge cloud providers are facing new challenges on resource allocation. As users may move and resource prices may vary arbitrarily, %and service delays are heterogeneous, resources in edge clouds must be allocated and adapted continuously in order to accommodate such dynamics. In this paper, we first formulate this problem with a comprehensive model that captures the key challenges, then introduce a gap-preserving transformation of the problem, and propose a novel online algorithm that optimally solves a series of subproblems with a carefully designed logarithmic objective, finally producing feasible solutions for edge cloud resource allocation over time. We further prove via rigorous analysis that our online algorithm can provide a parameterized competitive ratio, without requiring any a priori knowledge on either the resource price or the user mobility. Through extensive experiments with both real-world and synthetic data, we further confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. We show that the proposed algorithm achieves near-optimal results with an empirical competitive ratio of about 1.1, reduces the total cost by up to 4x compared to static approaches, and outperforms the online greedy one-shot optimizations by up to 70%.
Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model for Microbiome Research

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a central model system across biological disciplines. Surprisingly, almost all research with this worm is performed in the absence of its native microbiome, possibly affecting generality of the obtained results. In fact, the C. elegans microbiome had been unknown until recently. This review brings together results from the first three studies on C. elegans microbiomes, all published in 2016. Meta-analysis of the data demonstrates a considerable conservation in the composition of the microbial communities, despite the distinct geographical sample origins, study approaches, labs involved and perturbations during worm processing. The C. elegans microbiome is enriched and in some cases selective for distinct phylotypes compared to corresponding substrate samples (e.g., rotting fruits, decomposing plant matter, and compost soil). The dominant bacterial groups include several Gammaproteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonaceae, and Xanthomonodaceae) and Bacteroidetes (Sphingobacteriaceae, Weeksellaceae, Flavobacteriaceae). They are consistently joined by several rare putative keystone taxa like Acetobacteriaceae. The bacteria are able to enhance growth of nematode populations, as well as resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, including high/low temperatures, osmotic stress, and pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The associated microbes thus appear to display a variety of effects beneficial for the worm. The characteristics of these effects, their relevance for C. elegans fitness, the presence of specific co-adaptations between microbiome members and the worm, and the molecular underpinnings of microbiome-host interactions represent promising areas of future research, for which the advantages of C. elegans as an experimental system should prove of particular value.
Development of a low profile conformal UHF RFID tag antenna for identification of water bottles

Development of a low profile conformal RFID tag antenna with an omnidirectional pattern when mounted on a water bottle is discussed. Results from full-wave electromagnetic simulations are presented to explain the design procedure and to evaluate the performance of the prototype tag antenna. The design uncertainty is quantified based on the expected maximum variations in the tag antenna and tag chip impedances. Wireless measurements based on the EPC Generation 2 protocol are used in experimental tag design verification. The prototype tag achieves more than two-meter maximum line of sight read range for 866.6 MHz to 954.2 MHz frequency band.