nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi-case study on Industry 4.0 for SME's in Brandenburg, Germany

Industry 4.0 is still in its development phase and it promises to bring remarkable benefits to the manufacturing industry around the world when employing the Smart Factory application in large organizations and their supply chains. However, there is a risk of a miss-match when trying to introduce Industry 4.0 to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) as the concept is mainly being developed around large manufacturing companies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the readiness level and feasibility of implementing Industry 4.0 technologies for SME’s in the federal state of Brandenburg (Germany). The work is based on the survey of 20 SME’s assessing their current problems emphasizing on automation, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), CAD/CAM, factory layout planning and logistics. Five SME’s from different domains out of the 20 surveyed are taken as case studies to evaluate the potential benefits, trade-offs and barriers from an implementation of these integrated technologies. The findings revealed that the companies are still coping with the issues relating to planning, logistics and automation. It was also found that all the concepts of i4.0 may not be necessary or even beneficial to an enterprise in the current scenario and new strategies need to be developed for its realization in SME’s.
Crowdfunding Hardware Startups in Germany

The key question raised in this research in progress paper is whether the development stage of a (hardware) startup can give an indication of the crowdfunding type it decides to choose. Throughout the paper, I empirically investigate the German crowdfunding landscape and link it to startups in the hardware sector, picking up the proposed notion of an emergent hardware renaissance. To identify the potential points of contact between crowdfunds and startups, an evaluation of different startup stage models with regard to funding requirements is provided, as is an overview of currently used crowdfunding typologies. The example of two crowdfunding platforms (donation and non-monetary reward crowdfunding vs. equity-based crowdfunding) and their respective hardware projects and startups is used to highlight the potential of this research in progress. 1 Introduction Originally motivated by Paul Graham's 'The Hardware Renaissance' (2012) and further spurred by Witheiler's 'The hardware revolution will be crowdfunded' (2013), I chose to consider the intersection of startups, crowdfunding, and hardware. This is particularly interesting since literature on innovation and startup funding has indeed grown to some sophistication regarding the timing of more classic sources of capital in a startup's life, such as bootstrapping, business angel funding, and venture capital (cf. e.g., Schwienbacher & Larralde, 2012; Metrick & Yasuda, 2011). Due to the novelty of crowdfunding, however, general research on this type of funding is just at the beginning stages and many papers are rather focused on specific elements of the phenomenon (e.g., Belleflamme et al., 2013; Agrawal et al. 2011) and / or exploratory in nature (e.g., Mollick, 2013). What is missing is a verification of the research on potential points of contact between crowdfunds and startups. It remains unclear when crowdfunding is used—primarily during the early seed stage for example or equally at some later point as well—and what types apply (cf. e.g., Collins & Pierrakis, 2012). Simply put, the research question that emerges is whether the development stage of a startup can give an indication of the crowdfunding type it decides to choose. To further explore an answer to this question, I commenced an investigation of the German crowdfunding scene with a focus on hardware startups. Following desk research on platforms situated in German-speaking areas—Germany, Austria, Switzerland—, a categorization of the respectively used funding types is still in process, and transitions into a quantitative analysis and an in-depth case study-based assessment. The prime challenge of such an investigation …
Visibly Transparent Heaters.

Heater plates or sheets that are visibly transparent have many interesting applications in optoelectronic devices such as displays, as well as in defrosting, defogging, gas sensing and point-of-care disposable devices. In recent years, there have been many advances in this area with the advent of next generation transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) based on a wide range of materials such as oxide nanoparticles, CNTs, graphene, metal nanowires, metal meshes and their hybrids. The challenge has been to obtain uniform and stable temperature distribution over large areas, fast heating and cooling rates at low enough input power yet not sacrificing the visible transmittance. This review provides topical coverage of this important research field paying due attention to all the issues mentioned above.
Analog front-end for EMG acquisition system

This paper presents a 4-channel analog front-end (AFE) for Electromyogram (EMG) acquisition systems. Each input channel consists of a chopper-stabilized instrumentation amplifier (IA) and a low-pass filer (LPF). A 15-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a buffer amplifier is shared with four input channels through multiplexer. An incremental ADC with a 1.5-bit second-order feed-forward topology is employed to achieve 15-bit resolution. The prototype AFE is fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with an active die area of 1.5 mm2. It achieves 3.2 μVrms input referred noise with a gain of 40 dB and a cutoff frequency of 500 Hz for LPF while consuming 3.713 mW from a 1.8V supply.
Grasping novel objects with depth segmentation

We consider the task of grasping novel objects and cleaning fairly cluttered tables with many novel objects. Recent successful approaches employ machine learning algorithms to identify points on the scene that the robot should grasp. In this paper, we show that the task can be significantly simplified by using segmentation, especially with depth information. A supervised localization method is employed to select graspable segments. We also propose a shape completion and grasp planner method which takes partial 3D information and plans the most stable grasping strategy. Extensive experiments on our robot demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Comparison of Binaural Interaction Component ( BIC ) in Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Hearing Loss : Pilot Study

Binaural interaction component has been seen to be effective in assessing the binaural interaction process in normal hearing individuals. However, there is a lack of literature regarding the effects of SNHL on the Binaural Interaction Component of ABR. Hence, it is necessary to study binaural interaction occurs at the brainstem when there is an associated hearing impairment.  Three groups of participants in the age range of 30 to 55 years were taken for study i.e. one control group and two experimental groups (symmetrical and asymmetrical hearing loss). The binaural interaction component was determined by subtracting the binaurally evoked auditory potentials from the sum of the monaural auditory evoked potentials: BIC= [{left monaural + right monaural)-binaural}. The latency and amplitude of V peak was estimated for click evoked ABR for monaural and binaural recordings.  One way ANOVA revealed a significant difference for binaural interaction component in terms of latency between different groups. One-way ANOVA also showed no significant difference seen between the three different groups in terms of amplitude.  The binaural interaction component of auditory brainstem response can be used to evaluate the binaural interaction in symmetrical and asymmetrical hearing loss. This will be helpful to circumvent the effect of peripheral hearing loss in binaural processing of the auditory system. Additionally the test does not require any behavioral cooperation from the client, hence can be administered easily.
Where Could We Go?: Recommendations for Groups in Location-Based Social Networks

Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs) enable their users to share with their friends the places they go to and whom they go with. Additionally, they provide users with recommendations for Points of Interest (POI) they have not visited before. This functionality is of great importance for users of LBSNs, as it allows them to discover interesting places in populous cities that are not easy to explore. For this reason, previous research has focused on providing recommendations to LBSN users. Nevertheless, while most existing work focuses on recommendations for individual users, techniques to provide recommendations to groups of users are scarce.
 In this paper, we consider the problem of recommending a list of POIs to a group of users in the areas that the group frequents. Our data consist of activity on Swarm, a social networking app by Foursquare, and our results demonstrate that our proposed Geo-Group-Recommender (GGR), a class of hybrid recommender systems that combine the group geographical preferences using Kernel Density Estimation, category and location features and group check-ins outperform a large number of other recommender systems. Moreover, we find evidence that user preferences differ both in venue category and in location between individual and group activities. We also show that combining individual recommendations using group aggregation strategies is not as good as building a profile for a group. Our experiments show that (GGR) outperforms the baselines in terms of precision and recall at different cutoffs.
A low cost Bluetooth powered wearable digital stethoscope for cardiac murmur

A low-cost and effective wearable digital stethoscope for healthcare monitoring through wireless transmission module is proposed in this paper. The design integrates heart and lung sound signal acquisition, amplification, wireless transmission and signal processing using National Instruments Labview. The device can be used to record patients' cardiopulmonary sound. It has further applications for real time monitoring over long distance. The accuracy, robust and cost-effectiveness of this design make it a suitable method for real time visualized signal monitoring over long distance, data storage, replay function and auto disease preliminary assessment.
On Learning Mixed Community-specific Similarity Metrics for Cold-start Link Prediction

We study the cold-start link prediction problem where edges between vertices is unavailable by learning vertex-based similarity metrics. Existing metric learning methods for link prediction fail to consider communities which can be observed in many real-world social networks. Because di↵erent communities usually exhibit di↵erent intra-community homogeneities, learning a global similarity metric is not appropriate. In this paper, we thus propose to learn communityspecific similarity metrics via joint community detection. Experiments on three real-world networks show that the intra-community homogeneities can be well preserved, and the mixed community-specific metrics perform better than a global similarity metric in terms of prediction accuracy.
On the Principle of Privacy by Design and its Limits: Technology, Ethics and the Rule of Law

In the first edition of The Sciences of Artificial (1969), Herbert A. Simon lamented the lack of research on “the science of design” which characterized the curricula of both professional schools and universities throughout three decades after the Second World War. In the phrasing of the Nobel laureate, the reason hinged on academic respectability, because “in terms of the prevailing norms, academic respectability calls for subject matter that is intellectually tough, analytic, formalizable, and teachable. In the past much, if not most, of what we knew about design and about artificial sciences was intellectually soft, intuitive, informal, and cook-booky” (Simon 1996, 112). Thirty years later, in Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace (1999), Lawrence Lessig similarly stressed the lack of research on the impact of design on both social relationships and the functioning of legal systems, that is, how human behaviour may be shaped by the design of spaces, places and artefacts (op. cit., pp. 91–92). Thenceforth, the scenario has dramatically changed. Not only, according to Simon, an academically respectable “science of design” has emerged since the mid 1970s, when the Design Research Centre was founded at Carnegie Mellon University (the institute became the “Engineering Design Research Centre” in 1985). Significantly, over the last 10 years, legal scholars and social scientists have increasingly focused on the ethical and political implications of employing design mechanisms to determine people’s behaviour through the shaping of products, processes, and Information & Communication Technology (ICT)-interfaces and platforms. On one hand, let me mention work on the regulatory aspects of technology in such fields as universal usability (Shneiderman 2000); informed consent (Friedman et al. 2002); crime control and architecture (Katyal 2002, 2003); social justice (Borning et al. 2004); allegedly perfect self-enforcement technologies on the internet (Zittrain 2007); and design-based instruments for implementing social policies (Yeung 2007).
Understanding the Changing Roles of Scientific Publications via Citation Embeddings

Researchers may describe different aspects of past scientific publications in their publications and the descriptions may keep changing in the evolution of science. The diverse and changing descriptions (i.e., citation context) on a publication characterize the impact and contributions of the past publication. In this article, we aim to provide an approach to understanding the changing and complex roles of a publication characterized by its citation context. We described a method to represent the publications’ dynamic roles in science community in different periods as a sequence of vectors by training temporal embedding models. The temporal representations can be used to quantify how much the roles of publications changed and interpret how they changed. Our study in the biomedical domain shows that our metric on the changes of publications’ roles is stable over time at the population level but significantly distinguish individuals. We also show the interpretability of our methods by a concrete example. Conference Topic Indicators, Methods and techniques, Act of citations, in-text citations and Content Citation Analysis
Does schema therapy change schemas and symptoms? A systematic review across mental health disorders

Schema therapy was first applied to individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) over 20 years ago, and more recent work has suggested efficacy across a range of disorders. The present review aimed to systematically synthesize evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of schema therapy in reducing early maladaptive schema (EMS) and improving symptoms as applied to a range of mental health disorders in adults including BPD, other personality disorders, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder.



Studies were identified through electronic searches (EMBASE, PsycINFO, MEDLINE from 1990 to January 2016).



The search produced 835 titles, of which 12 studies were found to meet inclusion criteria. A significant number of studies of schema therapy treatment were excluded as they failed to include a measure of schema change. The Clinical Trial Assessment Measure was used to rate the methodological quality of studies. Schema change and disorder-specific symptom change was found in 11 of the 12 studies.



Schema therapy has demonstrated initial significant results in terms of reducing EMS and improving symptoms for personality disorders, but formal mediation analytical studies are lacking and rigorous evidence for other mental health disorders is currently sparse.



First review to investigate whether schema therapy leads to reduced maladaptive schemas and symptoms across mental health disorders. Limited evidence for schema change with schema therapy in borderline personality disorder (BPD), with only three studies conducting correlational analyses. Evidence for schema and symptom change in other mental health disorders is sparse, and so use of schema therapy for disorders other than BPD should be based on service user/patient preference and clinical expertise and/or that the theoretical underpinnings of schema therapy justify the use of it therapeutically. Further work is needed to develop the evidence base for schema therapy for other disorders.
A hybrid method based on time–frequency images for classification of alcohol and control EEG signals

Classification of alcoholic electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is a challenging job in biomedical research for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases of alcoholic people. The aim of this study was to introduce a robust method that can automatically identify alcoholic EEG signals based on time–frequency (T–F) image information as they convey key characteristics of EEG signals. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid method to classify automatically the alcoholic and control EEG signals. The proposed scheme is based on time–frequency images, texture image feature extraction and nonnegative least squares classifier (NNLS). In T–F analysis, the spectrogram of the short-time Fourier transform is considered. The obtained T–F images are then converted into 8-bit grayscale images. Co-occurrence of the histograms of oriented gradients (CoHOG) and Eig(Hess)-CoHOG features are extracted from T–F images. Finally, obtained features are fed into NNLS classifier as input for classify alcoholic and control EEG signals. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we replace the NNLS classifier by artificial neural networks, k-nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine classifier separately, with the same features. Experimental outcomes along with comparative evaluations with the state-of-the-art algorithms manifest that the proposed method outperforms competing algorithms. The experimental outcomes are promising, and it can be anticipated that upon its implementation in clinical practice, the proposed scheme will alleviate the onus of the physicians and expedite neurological diseases diagnosis and research.
What the orbitofrontal cortex does not do

The number of papers about the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has grown from 1 per month in 1987 to a current rate of over 50 per month. This publication stream has implicated the OFC in nearly every function known to cognitive neuroscience and in most neuropsychiatric diseases. However, new ideas about OFC function are typically based on limited data sets and often ignore or minimize competing ideas or contradictory findings. Yet true progress in our understanding of an area's function comes as much from invalidating existing ideas as proposing new ones. Here we consider the proposed roles for OFC, critically examining the level of support for these claims and highlighting the data that call them into question.
A Web Art Gallery

1. THE GALLERY This paper describes the design and implementation of a virtual art gallery on the Web. The main objective of the virtual art gallery is to provide a navigational environment for the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD see http://www.ndltd.org and Fox et al., 1996), where users can browse and search electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) indexed by the pictures--images and figures--that the ETDs contain. The galleries in the system and the ETD collection are simultaneously organized using a college/department taxonomic hierarchy. The system architecture has the general characteristics of the client-server model. Users access the system by using a Web browser to follow a link to one of the named art galleries. This link has the form of a CGI query which is passed by the Web server to a CGI program that handles it as a data request by accessing the database server. The query results are used to generate a view of the art gallery (as a VRML or HTML file) and are sent back to the user’s browser. We employ several technologies for improving the system’s efficiency and flexibility. We define a Simple Template Language (STL) to specify the format of VRML or HTML templates. Documents are generated by merging pre-designed VRML or HTML files and the data coming from the Database. Therefore, the generated virtual galleries always contain the most recent database information. We also define a Data Service Protocol (DSP), which normalizes the request from the user to communicate it with the Data Server and ultimately the image database.
Electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia by surface proton hopping†
†Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00840f
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Highly efficient ammonia synthesis at a low temperature is desirable for future energy and material sources. We accomplished efficient electrocatalytic low-temperature ammonia synthesis with the highest yield ever reported. The maximum ammonia synthesis rate was 30 099 μmol gcat-1 h-1 over a 9.9 wt% Cs/5.0 wt% Ru/SrZrO3 catalyst, which is a very high rate. Proton hopping on the surface of the heterogeneous catalyst played an important role in the reaction, revealed by in situ IR measurements. Hopping protons activate N2 even at low temperatures, and they moderate the harsh reaction condition requirements. Application of an electric field to the catalyst resulted in a drastic decrease in the apparent activation energy from 121 kJ mol-1 to 37 kJ mol-1. N2 dissociative adsorption is markedly promoted by the application of the electric field, as evidenced by DFT calculations. The process described herein opens the door for small-scale, on-demand ammonia synthesis.
Color Doppler US of normal cerebral venous sinuses in neonates: a comparison with MR venography

Color Doppler US (CDUS) has been used for evaluation of cerebral venous sinuses in neonates. However, there is very limited information available regarding the appearance of superficial and deep normal cerebral venous sinuses using CDUS and the specificity of the technique to rule out disease. To determine the specificity, inter-modality and inter-reader agreement of color Doppler US (CDUS). To evaluate normal cerebral venous sinuses in neonates in comparison to MR venography (MRV). Newborns undergoing a clinically indicated brain MRI were prospectively evaluated. All underwent a dedicated CDUS of the cerebral venous sinuses within 10 h (mean, 3.5 h, range, and 2–7.6 h) of the MRI study using a standard protocol. Fifty consecutive neonates participated in the study (30 males [60%]; 25–41 weeks old; mean, 37 weeks). The mean time interval between the date of birth and the CDUS study was 19.1 days. No cases showed evidence of thrombosis. Overall agreement for US reading was 97% (range, 82–100%), for MRV reading, 99% (range, 96–100%) and for intermodality, 100% (range, 96–100%). Excellent US-MRI agreement was noted for superior sagittal sinus, cerebral veins, straight sinus, torcular Herophili, sigmoid sinus, superior jugular veins (94–98%) and transverse sinuses (82–86%). In 10 cases (20%), MRV showed flow gaps whereas normal flow was demonstrated with US. Visualization of the inferior sagittal sinus was limited with both imaging techniques. Excellent reading agreement was noted for US, MRV and intermodality. CDUS is highly specific to rule out cerebral venous thrombosis in neonates and holds potential for clinical application as part of clinical-laboratory-imaging algorithms of pre/post-test probabilities of disease.