Design and implementation of MAC Transmitter for the transmission of UDP packet using FSM and verilog coding techniques

The purpose of this paper is to design and develop a MAC Transmitter on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) that converts 32 bit data in to 4 bit DATA for transmitter. The data which is used for transmission is UDP Packet. The entire UDP packet will go as data for MAC frame. In this paper we design the Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) connection oriented LAN Medium Access Control Transmitter (MAC). It starts by describing the behavior of MAC circuit using Verilog. A synthesized Verilog model of the chip is developed and implemented on target technology. This paper will concentrate on the testability features that increase product reliability. It focuses on the design of a MAC Transmitter chip with embedded Built-In-SelfTest (BIST) architecture using FPGA technology. UDP,MAC,  User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a transport layer protocol that supports Network Application. It layered on just below the „Session‟ and sits above the IP(Internet Protocol) in open system interconnection model (OSI). This protocol is similar to TCP (transmission control protocol) that is used in client/ server programs like video conference systems expect UDP is connection less.Unlike TCP, UDP doesn't establish a connection before sending data, it just sends. Because of this, UDP is called "Connectionless". UDP packets are often called "Datagrams. It‟s a transport layer protocol. This section will cover the UDP protocol, its header structure & the way with which it establishes the network connection. UDP is a connectionless and unreliable transport protocol. The two ports serve to identify the end points within the source and destination machines. User Datagram Protocol is used, in place of TCP, when a reliable delivery is not required. However, UDP is never used to send important data such as web-pages, database information, etc. Streaming media such as video ,audio and others use UDP because it offers speed. The reason UDP is faster than TCP is because there is no form of flow control. No error checking, error correction, or acknowledgment is done by UDP.UDP is only concerned with speed. So when, the data sent over the Internet is affected by collisions, and errors will be present. UDP packet's called as user datagrams with 8 bytes header. A format of user datagrams is shown in figure below. In the user datagrams first 8 bytes contains header information and the remaining bytes contains data.  UDP Frame Format The Media Access Control (MAC) data communication protocol sub-layer, also known as the Medium Access Control, is a part of the data link layer specified in the seven-layer of OSI model (layer 2). It provides addressing and channel access control mechanisms that make it possible for several terminals or network nodes to communicate within a multipoint network, typically with a local area network (LAN) or metropolitan area network (MAN). A MAC protocol is not required in fullduplex point-to-point communication. In single channel point-topoint communications full-duplex can be emulated. This emulation can be considered a MAC layer. The MAC sublayer acts as an interface between the Logical Link Control sub layer and the network's physical layer. The MAC layer provides an addressing mechanism called physical address or MAC address. This is a unique serial number assignedto each network adapter, making it possible to deliver data packets to a destination within a sub network, i.e. a physical network without routers, for example an Ethernet network. FPGA area and speed optimization to implement computer network protocol is subject of research mainly due to its importance to network performance. The objective S.Nayeema,K.Jamal / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 1, January -February 2013, pp.338-342 339 | P a g e of resource utilization of field programming gate array (FPGA) is to allocate contending to embed maximum intricate functions. This approach makes design cost effective and maximizing IEEE 802.3 MAC performance. Binary exponential back off algorithm. Verilog coding to implemented synchronous counter and FSM coding style influence performance of MAC transmitter[1][3].However effective VHDL coding style optimizes FPGA resource allocation for area and speed performance of IEEE 802.3 MAC transmitter can be optimized using linear feedback shift register, one hot finite machine (FSM) state encoding style.