nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Co-evolution for large scale optimization through more frequent random grouping

In this paper we propose three techniques to improve the performance of one of the major algorithms for large scale continuous global function optimization. Multilevel Cooperative Co-evolution (MLCC) is based on a Cooperative Co-evolutionary framework and employs a technique called random grouping in order to group interacting variables in one subcomponent. It also uses another technique called adaptive weighting for co-adaptation of subcomponents. We prove that the probability of grouping interacting variables in one subcomponent using random grouping drops significantly as the number of interacting variables increases. This calls for more frequent random grouping of variables. We show how to increase the frequency of random grouping without increasing the number of fitness evaluations. We also show that adaptive weighting is ineffective and in most cases fails to improve the quality of found solution, and hence wastes considerable amount of CPU time by extra evaluations of objective function. Finally we propose a new technique for self-adaptation of the subcomponent sizes in CC. We demonstrate how a substantial improvement can be gained by applying these three techniques.
Working with identity and self-soothing in Emotion-Focused Therapy for Couples.

This paper will outline new developments in Emotion-Focused Therapy for Couples (EFT-C) (Greenberg & Goldman, Emotion-focused couples therapy: The dynamics of emotion, love, and power, Washington, DC, American Psychological Association, 2008). People are seen as primarily motivated by their affective goals and the regulation of emotional states. The three motivational systems of attachment, identity, and attraction/liking, viewed as reflective of the core concerns people bring to therapy, are briefly outlined and elaborated. The five-stage model of EFT-C is briefly described. The paper will then provide two illustrations, one that demonstrates how EFT-C therapists work with core issues related to identity, and the other that shows how therapy can promote self-soothing. In the first example, annotated transcripts taken from therapy sessions illustrate how an EFT therapist addresses issues of identity in a highly distressed couple. The second example demonstrates how to facilitate work with individuals within the couples' context to engender and develop capacities for self-soothing, seen as fundamental for the promotion of healthy emotion regulation and couples' overall health.
Monkey Algorithm for Global Numerical Optimization

In this paper, monkey algorithm (MA) is designed to solve global numerical optimization problems with continuous variables. The algorithm mainly consists of climb process, watch-jump process, and somersault process in which the climb process is employed to search the local optimal solution, the watch-jump process to look for other points whose objective values exceed those of the current solutions so as to accelerate the monkeys’ search courses, and the somersault process to make the monkeys transfer to new search domains rapidly. The proposed algorithm is applied to effectively solve the benchmark problems of global optimization with 30, 1000 or even 10000 dimensions. The computational results show that the MA can find optimal or near-optimal solutions to the problems with a large dimensions and very large numbers of local optima.
A review of ethical theory in the 'upper echelons' of information systems research

Despite some notable and rare exceptions and after many years of relatively neglect (particularly in the ‘upper echelons’ of IS research), there appears to be some renewed interest in Information Systems Ethics (ISE). This paper reflects on the development of ISE by assessing the use and development of ethical theory in contemporary IS research with a specific focus on the ‘leading’ IS journals (according to the Association of Information Systems). The focus of this research is to evaluate if previous calls for more theoretically informed work are permeating the ‘upper echelons’ of IS research and if so, how (Walsham 1996; Smith and Hasnas 1999; Bell and Adam 2004). For the purposes of scope, this paper follows on from those previous studies and presents a detailed review of the leading IS publications between 2005to2007 inclusive. After several processes, a total of 32 papers are evaluated. This review highlights that whilst ethical topics are becoming increasingly popular in such influential media, most of the research continues to neglect considerations of ethical theory with preferences for a range of alternative approaches. Finally, this research focuses on some of the papers produced and considers how the use of ethical theory could contribute.
Channel Selection in Multi-Channel Opportunistic Spectrum Access Networks with Perfect Sensing

We study optimal transmission strategies in multi-channel cognitive radio networks where one secondary user (SU) opportunistically accesses multiple orthogonal channels that are owned and utilized by primary users (PU). In dynamic spectrum access networks, the protection of PU's is vital, since no PU would accommodate SU access to its own detriment. Therefore the objective of the problem we study is to maximize the SU throughput while protecting PUs on all channels. At a given time, the SU decides if it transmits and if so on which PU channel it should transmit on in order to protect PU performance. We use a constraint on the expected PU packet collision probability as the protection metric. We consider a general setting where the PUs are unslotted and may have different idle/busy time distributions and protection requirements. Under general idle time distributions, we determine the form of the SU optimal access policy. We also study the special case where PUs have independent, exponentially distributed idle time. For this case, we formulate a linear program that yields an optimal randomized strategy for the secondary user, and also present a tunable heuristic which allows for a tradeoff between complexity and throughput performance.
Curved folding

Fascinating and elegant shapes may be folded from a single planar sheet of material without stretching, tearing or cutting, if one incorporates curved folds into the design. We present an optimization-based computational framework for design and digital reconstruction of surfaces which can be produced by curved folding. Our work not only contributes to applications in architecture and industrial design, but it also provides a new way to study the complex and largely unexplored phenomena arising in curved folding.
Analyzing the business model for mobile payment from banks ' perspective : An empirical study

The increasing number of smart phones presents a significant opportunity for the development of m-payment services. Despite the predicted success of m-payment, the market remains immature in most countries. This can be explained by the lack of agreement on standards and business models for all stakeholders in m-payment ecosystem. In this paper, the STOF business model framework is employed to analyze m-payment services from the point of view of one of the key players in the ecosystem i.e., banks. We apply Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to analyze the critical design issues for four domains of the STOF model. The results of the analysis show that service domain is the most important, followed by technology, organization and finance domains. Security related issues are found to be the most important by bank representatives. The future research can be extended to the m-payment ecosystem by collecting data from different actors from the ecosystem.
Management of municipal solid wastes in Italy

The E.U. Framework Directive of 2008 draws a clear strategy for waste management, which places prevention as a priority, followed by reuse and recovery of materials and energy. Specific objectives are fixed by European legislation . Italy has set a reduction target of municipal solid wastes and special nonhazardous wastes per unit of population by 5% in 2020 compared to 2010, while has also fully implemented the European target for recovery of materials by 2020 and is preparing to adapt the target of recycling . Wastes production in Italy is equal to 170 million tons in 2010  and shows a slight increase compared to 2009. This includes wastes called “special” (divided into hazardous and non hazardous); the municipal solid wastes constitute about one fifth of the total. In 2010, the special wastes amounted to around 138 million tons, of which about 130 Mt are non-hazardous wastes from construction and demolition, industries and waste treatment processes.
Normative Values of Two-Point Discrimination Test among Students of Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University in Riyadh

Present research was performed to generate normative values using Two-Point Discrimination test (TPD) for skin areas of dominant hand. Various studies revealed that TPD test demonstrate the integrity of tactile stimulation. In this study the test was executed on 270 students of art & design, medical and literary backgrounds of age between 20-23 years which were randomly selected from different colleges of Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University in Riyadh. TPD values were determined for distal palmar of the hand and tip of middle finger of their dominant hand parallel to the median nerve, which innervate the area of the hand and perpendicular on the fingertips. The examiner addressed the hand skills or any talent and visual acuity scale of the participants and used Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire (MHQ) to measure their perception of hand function, pain, satisfaction and work performance which was focused on all daily living activities of hand (ADL). To meet objectives of the study, test parameters were considered viz. ADL of one and both hands, overall function of hand, normal work; TPD values of distal palm of hand and tip of middle finger. Normative values of TPD test were obtained from range 2-7 mm among participants in distal palm of dominant hand with 4 mm average and 2-3 mm in the tip of middle finger with 2.6 mm average. Obtained normative values were analyzed statistically and compared with referred values. A plot between average TPD values shown that discriminatory sensations were found better in art and design college students. To measure the visual acuity values visual acuity test 6/6 vision was performed on participated students which represented the normal vision. Plot between values of TPD and visual acuity suggested that decrease level of visual acuity of students has better normative values which were obtained 3.4 mm of distal palm of dominant hand and 2.4 mm on the tip of the long finger. A significant relation between age of students and TPD values were estimated p<0.015 and p>0.01 for visual acuity. This study estimated that fingertips were the most sensitive part than palm of hand (p<0.01).
Standards based generation of a virtual factory model

Developing manufacturing simulation models usually requires experts with knowledge of multiple areas including manufacturing, modeling, and simulation software. The expertise requirements increase for virtual factory models that include representations of manufacturing at multiple resolution levels. This paper reports on an initial effort to automatically generate virtual factory models using manufacturing configuration data in standard formats as the primary input. The execution of the virtual factory generates time series data in standard formats mimicking a real factory. Steps are described for auto-generation of model components in a software environment primarily oriented for model development via a graphic user interface. Advantages and limitations of the approach and the software environment used are discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of challenges in verification and validation of the virtual factory prototype model with its multiple hierarchical models and future directions.
Interactive images: cuboid proxies for smart image manipulation

Images are static and lack important depth information about the underlying 3D scenes. We introduce interactive images in the context of man-made environments wherein objects are simple and regular, share various non-local relations (e.g., coplanarity, parallelism, etc.), and are often repeated. Our interactive framework creates partial scene reconstructions based on cuboid-proxies with minimal user interaction. It subsequently allows a range of intuitive image edits mimicking real-world behavior, which are otherwise difficult to achieve. Effectively, the user simply provides high-level semantic hints, while our system ensures plausible operations by conforming to the extracted non-local relations. We demonstrate our system on a range of real-world images and validate the plausibility of the results using a user study.
Ururau: a free and open-source discrete event simulation software

This paper has the purpose of describing the architecture and operation of Ururau, a software used to create discrete event simulation models based on the Java Simulation Library. Ururau is a free and open-source multiplatform software, which allows the user to develop models in the graphical interface or implement them directly in the source code. This characteristic allows the user to employ it as a tool for modeling and simulation of discrete event systems and also as a learning tool. Thus, an experienced modeler can add specific algorithms to simulation models or new features to the simulator. Also, with access to the source code, a beginner modeler can understand the internal structure of a discrete event simulation software. Initial results have demonstrated this new software’s ability in building small and simple models efficiently. Journal of Simulation (2016). doi:10.1057/s41273-016-0038-5
Children who return home from foster care: a 6-year prospective study of behavioral health outcomes in adolescence.

Returning children to their biological families after placement in foster care (ie, reunification) has been prioritized with legislation. Comprehensive studies of child behavioral health functioning after reunification, however, have not been conducted. This study examined outcomes for youth who were reunified after placement in foster care as compared with youth who did not reunify.



Prospective cohort.



Children who entered foster care in San Diego, California, and who remained in foster care for at least 5 months.  A cohort of 149 ethnically diverse youth, 7 to 12 years old, who entered foster care between May 1990, and October 1991. Seventy-five percent of those interviewed at Time 1 were interviewed at Time 2 (6 years later).



1) Risk behaviors: delinquent, sexual, self-destructive, substance use, and total risk behaviors; 2) Life-course outcomes: pregnancy, tickets/arrests, suspensions, dropping out of school, and grades; 3) Current symptomatology: externalizing, internalizing, total behavior problems, and total competence.



Compared with youth who were not reunified, reunified youth showed more self-destructive behavior (0.15 vs -0.11), substance use (0.16 vs -0.11), and total risk behavior problem standardized scores (0.12 vs -0.09). Reunified youth were more likely to have received a ticket or have been arrested (49.2% vs 30.2%), to have dropped out of school (20.6% vs 9.4%), and to have received lower grades (6.5 vs 7.4). Reunified youth reported more current problems in internalizing behaviors (56.6 vs 53.0), and total behavior problems (59.5 vs 55.7), and lower total competence (41.1 vs 45.0). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups on delinquency, sexual behaviors, pregnancy, suspensions, or externalizing behaviors. Reunification status was a significant predictor of negative outcomes in 8 of the 9 regression equations after controlling for Time 1 behavior problems, age, and gender.



These findings suggest that youth who reunify with their biological families after placement in foster care have more negative outcomes than youth who do not reunify. The implications of these findings for policy and practice are discussed.
Degeneration in the cochlea after noise damage: primary versus secondary events.

To determine if noise damage in the organ of Corti is different in the low- and high-frequency regions of the cochlea.



Chinchillas were exposed for 2 to 432 days to a 0.5 (low-frequency) or 4 kHz (high-frequency) octave band of noise at 47 to 95 dB sound pressure level. Auditory thresholds were determined before, during, and after the noise exposure. The cochleas were examined microscopically as plastic-embedded flat preparations. Missing cells were counted, and the sequence of degeneration was determined as a function of recovery time (0-30 days).



With high-frequency noise, primary damage began as small focal losses of outer hair cells in the 4-8 kHz region. With continued exposure, damage progressed to involve loss of an entire segment of the organ of Corti, along with adjacent myelinated nerve fibers. Much of the latter loss is secondary to the intermixing of cochlear fluids through the damaged reticular lamina. With low-frequency noise, primary damage appeared as outer hair cell loss scattered over a broad area in the apex. With continued exposure, additional apical outer hair cells degenerated, while supporting cells, inner hair cells, and nerve fibers remained intact. Continued exposure to low-frequency noise also resulted in focal lesions in the basal cochlea that were indistinguishable from those resulting from exposure to high-frequency noise.



The patterns of cochlear damage and their relation to functional measures of hearing in noise-exposed chinchillas are similar to those seen in noise-exposed humans. Thus, the chinchilla is an excellent model for studying noise effects, with the long-term goal of identifying ways to limit noise-induced hearing loss in humans.
EBV-positive PEL-like lymphoma that developed in the course of antisynthetase syndrome treated with tacrolimus.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare type of extranodal lymphoma, typically of a B-cell origin, which presents as lymphomatous effusion with no nodal enlargement or tumor masses. The development PEL is universally associated with human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) infection. Cases of HHV-8-negative primary lymphomatous effusion have recently been reported and referred to as HHV-8-unrelated PEL-like lymphoma. Some cases of this disease have been reported in iatrogenic immunocompromised patients. The mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of the discontinuation of immunosuppressants other than methotrexate (MTX) against the disease, which have been demonstrated for MTX-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, have not yet been elucidated. We describe a case of PEL-like lymphoma that developed in the course of antisynthetase syndrome and was treated with tacrolimus. A single dose of systemic chemotherapy did not improve lymphomatous effusion, whereas the discontinuation of tacrolimus resulted in the long-term remission of this disease.
Universal Denoising Networks : A Novel CNN Architecture for Image Denoising

We design a novel network architecture for learning discriminative image models that are employed to efficiently tackle the problem of grayscale and color image denoising. Based on the proposed architecture, we introduce two different variants. The first network involves convolutional layers as a core component, while the second one relies instead on non-local filtering layers and thus it is able to exploit the inherent non-local self-similarity property of natural images. As opposed to most of the existing deep network approaches, which require the training of a specific model for each considered noise level, the proposed models are able to handle a wide range of noise levels using a single set of learned parameters, while they are very robust when the noise degrading the latent image does not match the statistics of the noise used during training. The latter argument is supported by results that we report on publicly available images corrupted by unknown noise and which we compare against solutions obtained by competing methods. At the same time the introduced networks achieve excellent results under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), which are comparable to those of the current state-of-the-art network, while they depend on a more shallow architecture with the number of trained parameters being one order of magnitude smaller. These properties make the proposed networks ideal candidates to serve as sub-solvers on restoration methods that deal with general inverse imaging problems such as deblurring, demosaicking, superresolution, etc.
Cloud Computing : Solution to ICT in Higher Education in Nigeria

Information and communication technologies (ICT) have become commonplace entities in all aspects of life. Across the past twenty years the use of ICT has fundamentally changed the practices and procedures of nearly all forms of endeavour within business and governance. Within education, ICT has begun to have a presence but the value of ICT is not affordable. Unfortunately, there are some limitations confronting institutions in Nigeria from infusing ICT. The basic principle of cloud computing entails the reduction of in-house data centres and the delegation of a portion or all of the Information Technology infrastructure capability to a third party. This holds the promise of driving down cost while fostering innovation and promoting agility. Institutions of higher learning, such as Universities and Colleges, are the core of innovation through their advanced research and development. Subsequently, Higher Institutions may benefit greatly by harnessing the power of cloud computing, including cost cutting as well as all the above types of cloud services. This paper explores the application of cloud computing in higher education in Nigeria, issues with ICT in Nigeria and touches upon some aspired benefits as well as expected limitations of cloud computing.
Biometric Antispoofing Methods: A Survey in Face Recognition

In recent decades, we have witnessed the evolution of biometric technology from the first pioneering works in face and voice recognition to the current state of development wherein a wide spectrum of highly accurate systems may be found, ranging from largely deployed modalities, such as fingerprint, face, or iris, to more marginal ones, such as signature or hand. This path of technological evolution has naturally led to a critical issue that has only started to be addressed recently: the resistance of this rapidly emerging technology to external attacks and, in particular, to spoofing. Spoofing, referred to by the term presentation attack in current standards, is a purely biometric vulnerability that is not shared with other IT security solutions. It refers to the ability to fool a biometric system into recognizing an illegitimate user as a genuine one by means of presenting a synthetic forged version of the original biometric trait to the sensor. The entire biometric community, including researchers, developers, standardizing bodies, and vendors, has thrown itself into the challenging task of proposing and developing efficient protection methods against this threat. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview on the work that has been carried out over the last decade in the emerging field of antispoofing, with special attention to the mature and largely deployed face modality. The work covers theories, methodologies, state-of-the-art techniques, and evaluation databases and also aims at providing an outlook into the future of this very active field of research.