nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Location-Based User Rating Profiles for Personalized Recommendation

This article proposes LA-LDA, a location-aware probabilistic generative model that exploits location-based ratings to model user profiles and produce recommendations. Most of the existing recommendation models do not consider the spatial information of users or items; however, LA-LDA supports three classes of location-based ratings, namely spatial user ratings for nonspatial items, nonspatial user ratings for spatial items, and spatial user ratings for spatial items. LA-LDA consists of two components, ULA-LDA and ILA-LDA, which are designed to take into account user and item location information, respectively. The component ULA-LDA explicitly incorporates and quantifies the influence from local public preferences to produce recommendations by considering user home locations, whereas the component ILA-LDA recommends items that are closer in both taste and travel distance to the querying users by capturing item co-occurrence patterns, as well as item location co-occurrence patterns. The two components of LA-LDA can be applied either separately or collectively, depending on the available types of location-based ratings. To demonstrate the applicability and flexibility of the LA-LDA model, we deploy it to both top-k recommendation and cold start recommendation scenarios. Experimental evidence on large-scale real-world data, including the data from Gowalla (a location-based social network), DoubanEvent (an event-based social network), and MovieLens (a movie recommendation system), reveal that LA-LDA models user profiles more accurately by outperforming existing recommendation models for top-k recommendation and the cold start problem.
Activity Classification using Smartphone Accelerometer Data

There have been some research efforts into identifying activities from smartphone accelerometer data. Kwapisz et al.  mined data from smartphone sensors of different users doing different activities, and extracted statistics like the average, standard deviation, and time between peaks from portions of the data. With the features they used, they achieved 91.7% precision overall using Multilayer Perceptron. Ravi et al.  attempted to classify similar activities using the mean, standard deviation, energy of the Fourier Transform and correlation between signals on each axis. On a dataset similar to Kwapisz et al., they achieved 72% accuracy using Boosted SVM.
Subventricular Zone Astrocytes Are Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Mammalian Brain

Neural stem cells reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain. This germinal region, which continually generates new neurons destined for the olfactory bulb, is composed of four cell types: migrating neuroblasts, immature precursors, astrocytes, and ependymal cells. Here we show that SVZ astrocytes, and not ependymal cells, remain labeled with proliferation markers after long survivals in adult mice. After elimination of immature precursors and neuroblasts by an antimitotic treatment, SVZ astrocytes divide to generate immature precursors and neuroblasts. Furthermore, in untreated mice, SVZ astrocytes specifically infected with a retrovirus give rise to new neurons in the olfactory bulb. Finally, we show that SVZ astrocytes give rise to cells that grow into multipotent neurospheres in vitro. We conclude that SVZ astrocytes act as neural stem cells in both the normal and regenerating brain.
Parallel simulation: distributed simulation systems

An overview of technologies concerned with distributing the execution of simulation programs across multiple processors is presented. Here, particular emphasis is placed on discrete event simulations. The High Level Architecture (HLA) developed by the Department of Defense in the United States is first described to provide a concrete example of a contemporary approach to distributed simulation. The remainder of this paper is focused on time management, a central issue concerning the synchronization of computations on different processors. Time management algorithms broadly fall into two categories, termed conservative and optimistic synchronization. A survey of both conservative and optimistic algorithms is presented focusing on fundamental principles and mechanisms. Finally, time management in the HLA is discussed as a means to illustrate how this standard supports both approaches to synchronization.
Effects of low-level laser therapy in combination with physiotherapy in the management of rotator cuff tendinitis

Rotator cuff tendinitis is one of the main causes of shoulder pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible additive effects of low-power laser treatment in combination with conventional physiotherapy endeavors in these patients. A total of 50 patients who were referred to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic with shoulder pain and rotator cuff disorders were selected. Pain severity measured with visual analogue scale (VAS), abduction, and external rotation range of motion in shoulder joint was measured by goniometry, and evaluation of daily functional abilities of patients was measured by shoulder disability questionnaire. Twenty-five of the above patients were randomly assigned into the control group and received only routine physiotherapy. The other 25 patients were assigned into the experimental group and received conventional therapy plus low-level laser therapy (4 J/cm2 at each point over a maximum of ten painful points of shoulder region for total 5 min duration). The above measurements were assessed at the end of the third week of therapy in each group and the results were analyzed statistically. In both groups, statistically significant improvement was detected in all outcome measures compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Comparison between two different groups revealed better results for control of pain (reduction in VAS average) and shoulder disability problems in the experimental group versus the control (3.1 ± 2.2 vs. 5 ± 2.6, p = 0.029 and 4.4 ± 3.1 vs. 8.5 ± 5.1, p = 0.031, respectively ) after intervention. Positive objective signs also had better results in the experimental group, but the mean range of active abduction (144.92 ± 31.6 vs. 132.80 ± 31.3) and external rotation (78.0 ± 19.5 vs. 76.3 ± 19.1) had no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.20 and 0.77, respectively). As one of physical modalities, gallium-arsenide low-power laser combined with conventional physiotherapy has superiority over routine physiotherapy from the view of decreasing pain and improving the patient’s function, but no additional advantages were detected in increasing shoulder joint range of motion in comparison to other physical agents.
Analysis of Extreme Rainfall Events ( Drought and Flood ) over Tordzie Watershed in the Volta Region of Ghana

In regional water resources management and disaster preparedness, the analysis of extreme rainfall events is essential. The need to investigate drought and flood conditions is now heightened within the context of climate change and variability. The Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) was employed to assess the extreme rainfall event on Tordzie watershed using precipitation data from 1984-2014. The SPI on the time scale of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were determined using “DrinC” software. The drought was characterised into magnitude, duration, intensity, frequency, commencement and termination at the time scales of SPI-3, SPI-6, SPI-9 and SPI-12. Results indicated that the middle reaches (Kpetoe) of the watershed experienced less severe drought condition compared to the lower reaches (Tordzinu). Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope (SS) revealed general increasing drought trend but insignificant at 95% confidence interval. The SS indicated change in magnitude of 0.016 mm/year, 0.012 mm/year, 0.026 mm/year and 0.016 mm/year respectively at the mentioned time scales at 95% confidence interval at the Tordzinu and that of Kpetoe were 0.006 mm/year, 0.009 mm/year, 0.014 mm/year and 0.003 mm/year. These changes could have implication for agriculture and water resources management and engender food insecurity among smallholder farmers.
Quality and reliability investigation of Ni/Sn transient liquid phase bonding technology

A submicron of Ni/Sn transient liquid phase bonding at low temperature was investigated to surmount nowadays fine-pitch Cu/Sn process challenge. After bonding process, only uniform and high-temperature stable Ni3Sn4 intermetallic compound was existed. In addition, the advantages of this scheme showed excellent electrical and reliability performance and mechanical strength.
Accessing Hidden and Hard-to-reach Populations: Snowball Research Strategies Snowball Sampling

Rowland Atkinson and John Flint are researchers at the Department of Urban Studies, University of Glasgow. Both have an interest in the spatial distribution and experience of social exclusion and have been commissioned to devise a methodology for tracing residents who leave regeneration areas in Scotland. •In its simplest formulation snowball sampling consists of identifying respondents who are then used to refer researchers on to other respondents. •Snowball sampling contradicts many of the assumptions underpinning conventional notions of sampling but has a number of advantages for sampling University of Surrey Sociology at Surrey
The Role of GIS and Public Awareness for Disaster Management

An increasing number of disasters (natural and man-made) with a large number of victims and significant social and economical losses are observed in the past few years. Although particular events can always be attributed to fate, it is improving the disaster management that have to contribute to decreasing damages and ensuring proper care for citizens in affected areas. Some of the lessons learned in the last several years give clear indications that the availability, management and presentation of geo-information play a critical role in disaster management. However, all the management techniques that are being developed are understood by, and confined to the intellectual community and hence lack mass participation. Awareness of the disasters is the only effective way in which one can bring about mass participation. Hence, any disaster management is successful only when the general public has some awareness about the disaster. In the design of such awareness program, intelligent mapping through analysis and data sharing also plays a very vital role. The analytical capabilities of GIS support all aspects of disaster management: planning, response and recovery, and records management. The proposed GIS based awareness program in this paper would improve the currently practiced disaster management programs and if implemented, would result in a proper dosage of awareness and caution to the general public, which in turn would help to cope with the dangerous activities of disasters in future.
Fashion Is Taking Shape: Understanding Clothing Preference Based on Body Shape From Online Sources

To study the correlation between clothing garments and body shape, we collected a new dataset (Fashion Takes Shape), which includes images of female users with clothing category annotations. Despite the progress in body shape estimation from images, it turns out to be challenging to infer body shape from such diverse, real-world photos. Hence, we propose a novel and robust multi-photo approach to estimate body shapes of each user and build a conditional model of clothing categories given body-shape. We demonstrate that in real-world data, clothing categories and body-shapes are correlated and show that our multi-photo approach leads to a better predictive model for clothing categories compared to models based on single-view shape estimates or manually annotated body types. We see our method as the first step towards the large-scale understanding of clothing preferences from body shape.
A Distributed Cyber-security Framework for Heterogeneous Environments

Evolving business models, computing paradigms, and management practices are rapidly re-shaping the usage models of ICT infrastructures, and demanding for more flexibility and dynamicity in enterprise security, beyond the traditional “security perimeter” approach. Since valuable ICT assets cannot be easily enclosed within a trusted physical sandbox any more, there is an increasing need for a new generation of pervasive and capillary cybersecurity paradigms over distributed and geographically-scattered systems. Following the generalized trend towards virtualization, automation, software-definition, and hardware/software disaggregation, in this paper we elaborate on a multi-tier architecture made of a common, programmable, and pervasive data-plane and a powerful set of multi-vendor detection and analysis algorithms. Our approach leverages the growing level of programmability of ICT infrastructures to create a common and unified framework that could be used to monitor and protect distributed heterogeneous environments, including legacy enterprise networks, IoT installations, and virtual resources deployed in the cloud.
Suicide by mass murder : Masculinity , aggrieved entitlement , and rampage school shootings

School shootings have become more common in the United States in recent years. Yet, as media portrayals of these ‘rampages’ shock the public, the characterisation of this violence obscures an important point: many of these crimes culminate in suicide, and they are almost universally committed by males. We examine three recent American cases, which involve suicide, to elucidate how the culture of hegemonic masculinity in the US creates a sense of aggrieved entitlement conducive to violence. This sense of entitlement simultaneously frames suicide as an appropriate, instrumental behaviour for these males to underscore their violent enactment of masculinity.
A New Active Polyphase Filter for Image Rejection Using Second Generation Current Conveyors

In RF receivers, many interferers accompany the desired signal in its entrance to the front end of the receiver. Of particular interest out of these interferes is the image, which if downconverted with the desired signal by the same local oscillator, severely corrupts the received information. In low IF receivers, the image can only be eliminated after the downconversion by several means, one of which is using a polyphase filter. This paper discusses available current solutions and then introduces a new low power high dynamic range polyphase filter built with the commercially available Plus-Type Second Generation Current Conveyors (CCII+). SPICE simulation results show that image rejection of 15dBs can be achieved using only one stage of this filter.
Manic-Depressive Illness and Creativity Does some fine madness plague great artists ? Several studies now show that creativity and mood disorders are linked

Men have called me mad,” wrote Edgar Allan Poe, “but the question is not yet settled, whether madness is or is not the loftiest intelligence— whether much that is glorious—whether all that is profound—does not spring from disease of thought—from moods of mind exalted at the expense of the general intellect.” Many people have long shared Poe’s suspicion that genius and insanity are entwined. Indeed, history holds countless examples of “that fine madness.” Scores of influential 18thand 19th-century poets, notably William Blake, Lord Byron and Alfred, Lord Tennyson, wrote about the extreme mood swings they endured.  And many painters and composers, among them Vincent van Gogh, Georgia O’Keeffe, Charles Mingus and Robert Schumann, have been similarly afflicted. Judging by current diagnostic criteria, it seems that most of these artists—and many others besides—suffered from one of the major mood disorders, namely, manic-depressive illness or major depression. Both are fairly common, very treatable and yet frequently lethal diseases. Major depression induces intense melancholic spells, whereas manic-depression, Manic-Depressive Illness and Creativity
Multiobjective firefly algorithm for continuous optimization

Design problems in industrial engineering often involve a large number of design variables with multiple objectives, under complex nonlinear constraints. The algorithms for multiobjective problems can be significantly different from the methods for single objective optimization. To find the Pareto front and non-dominated set for a nonlinear multiobjective optimization problem may require significant computing effort, even for seemingly simple problems. Metaheuristic algorithms start to show their advantages in dealing with multiobjective optimization. In this paper, we extend the recently developed firefly algorithm to solve multiobjective optimization problems. We validate the proposed approach using a selected subset of test functions and then apply it to solve design optimization benchmarks. We will discuss our results and provide topics for further research.
Simplifying decision trees: A survey

Induced decision trees are an extensively-researched solution to classiication tasks. For many practical tasks, the trees produced by tree-generation algorithms are not comprehensible to users due to their size and complexity. Although many tree induction algorithms have been shown to produce simpler, more comprehensi-ble trees (or data structures derived from trees) with good classiication accuracy, tree simpliication has usually been of secondary concern relative to accuracy and no attempt has been made to survey the literature from the perspective of simpliica-tion. We present a framework that organizes the approaches to tree simpliication and summarize and critique the approaches within this framework. The purpose of this survey is to provide researchers and practitioners with a concise overview of tree-simpliication approaches and insight into their relative capabilities. In our nal discussion, we brieey describe some empirical ndings and discuss the application of tree induction algorithms to case retrieval in case-based reasoning systems. 1 Context and Motivation The area of machine learning concerned with inducing classiiers from data focuses primarily on predictive accuracy, as measured by the classiiers' performance on unseen test cases. However, for many practical applications, it is desirable that the classiier \provide insight and understanding into the predictive structure of the data" (Breiman et al. 1984), as well as explanations of its individual predictions (Michie 1990). Decision tree induction has been extensively studied in the machine learning and statistics communities as a solution to classiication tasks (Breiman et al. 1984; Quinlan 1986; 1993a). Many tree-simpliication algorithms have been shown to yield simpler or smaller trees. The assumption is made that simpler, smaller trees are easier for humans to comprehend. Although this assumption has not been tested empirically, it will serve as a working assumption in what follows. While considerable evidence exists that trees can be simpliied, simpliication is generally of secondary concern relative to predictive accuracy. No eeort has been made to review the decision tree induction literature from the perspective of simpliication. This paper is intended to ll this gap. A key problem in summarizing the literature on tree simpliication is the diversity of approaches that have been introduced. To manage this diversity, we ooer a framework for categorizing the approaches, consisting of ve categories. Some of these categories are inspired by the view of tree induction as a heuristic state-space search in the space of possible trees. Approaches in the rst category directly control tree size, either by …
A review on buildings energy consumption information

The rapidly growing world energy use has already raised concerns over supply difficulties, exhaustion of energy resources and heavy environmental impacts (ozone layer depletion, global warming, climate change, etc.). The global contribution from buildings towards energy consumption, both residential and commercial, has steadily increased reaching figures between 20% and 40% in developed countries, and has exceeded the other major sectors: industrial and transportation. Growth in population, increasing demand for building services and comfort levels, together with the rise in time spent inside buildings, assure the upward trend in energy demand will continue in the future. For this reason, energy efficiency in buildings is today a prime objective for energy policy at regional, national and international levels. Among building services, the growth in HVAC systems energy use is particularly significant (50% of building consumption and 20% of total consumption in the USA). This paper analyses available information concerning energy consumption in buildings, and particularly related to HVAC systems.  Is the necessary information available? Which are the main building types? What end uses should be considered in the breakdown? Comparisons between different countries are presented specially for commercial buildings. The case of offices is analysed in deeper detail.
Wireless hacking - a WiFi hack by cracking WEP

Wireless Local Area Networks frequently referred to as WLANs or Wi-Fi networks are all the vehemence in recent times. People are installing these in houses, institutions, offices and hotels etc, without any vain. In search of fulfilling the wireless demands, Wi-Fi product vendors and service contributors are exploding up as quickly as possible. Wireless networks offer handiness, mobility, and can even be less expensive to put into practice than wired networks in many cases. With the consumer demand, vendor solutions and industry standards, wireless network technology is factual and is here to stay. But how far this technology is going provide a protected environment in terms of privacy is again an anonymous issue. Realizing the miscellaneous threats and vulnerabilities associated with 802.11-based wireless networks and ethically hacking them to make them more secure is what this paper is all about. On this segment, we'll seize a look at common threats, vulnerabilities related with wireless networks. And also we have discussed the entire process of cracking WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encryption of WiFi, focusing the necessity to become familiar with scanning tools like Cain, NetStumbler, Kismet and MiniStumbler to help survey the area and tests we should run so as to strengthen our air signals.
A case study of algorithm selection for the traveling thief problem

Many real-world problems are composed of several interacting components. In order to facilitate research on such interactions, the Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) was created in 2013 as the combination of two wellunderstood combinatorial optimization problems. With this article, we contribute in four ways. First, we create a comprehensive dataset that comprises the performance data of 21 TTP algorithms on the full original set of 9720 TTP instances. Second, we define 55 characteristics for all TPP instances that can be used to select the best algorithm on a per-instance basis. Third, we use these algorithms and features to construct the first algorithm portfolios for TTP, clearly outperforming the single best algorithm. Finally, we study which algorithms contribute most to this portfolio.