nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and analysis of the effects of PLL phase noise on FMCW radar performance

The phase noise of a phase-locked loop (PLL) has a great impact on the performance of frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. To examine the effects of the phase noise on FMCW radar performance, a model of an FMCW radar with a noisy PLL is developed. A filter-based technique for modeling the PLL phase noise is described. The radar model shows that PLL in-band phase noise affects the spatial resolution of the FMCW radar, whereas PLL out-of-band phase noise limits the maximum range. Finally, we propose a set of design constraints for PLL based on the model simulation results.
Cutaneous vasculitis update: diagnostic criteria, classification, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, evaluation and prognosis.

Vasculitis, inflammation of the vessel wall, can result in mural destruction with hemorrhage, aneurysm formation, and infarction, or intimal-medial hyperplasia and subsequent stenosis leading to tissue ischemia. The skin, in part due to its large vascular bed, exposure to cold temperatures, and frequent presence of stasis, is involved in many distinct as well as un-named vasculitic syndromes that vary from localized and self-limited to generalized and life-threatening with multi-organ disease. To exclude mimics of vasculitis, diagnosis of cutaneous vasculitis requires biopsy confirmation where its acute signs (fibrinoid necrosis), chronic signs (endarteritis obliterans), or past signs (acellular scar of healed arteritis) must be recognized and presence of extravascular findings such as patterned fibrosis or collagenolytic granulomas noted. Although vasculitis can be classified by etiology, many cases have no identifiable cause, and a single etiologic agent can elicit several distinct clinicopathologic expressions of vasculitis. Therefore, the classification of cutaneous vasculitis is best approached morphologically by determining vessel size and principal inflammatory response. These histologic patterns roughly correlate with pathogenic mechanisms that, when coupled with direct immunofluorescent examination, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) status, and findings from work-up for systemic disease, allow for specific diagnosis, and ultimately, more effective therapy. Herein, we review cutaneous vasculitis focusing on diagnostic criteria, classification, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and evaluation of the cutaneous vasculitis patient.
Design and implementation of continuous integration scheme based on Jenkins and Ansible

In the process of information system optimization and upgrading in the era of cloud computing, the number and variety of business requirements are increasingly complex, keeps sustained growth, the process of continuous integration delivery of information systems becomes increasingly complex, the amount of repetitive work is growing. This paper focuses on the continuous integration of specific information systems, a collaborative work scheme for continuous integrated delivery based on Jenkins and Ansible is proposed. Both theory and practice show that continuous integrated delivery cooperative systems can effectively improve the efficiency and quality of continuous integrated delivery of information systems. The effect of the optimization and upgrading of the information system is obvious.
Detection and Diagnosis of Breast Tumors using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

We present an application of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for the detection and diagnosis of breast tumors. The images used in this study have been extracted from the mini-MIAS database of mammograms. The proposed system has been implemented in three stages: (a) crop, rotation and resize of the original mammogram; (b) feature extraction using a pretrained CNN model (AlexNet and VGG); (c) training of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) at the classification task using the previously extracted features. In this research, the goal of the system is to distinguish between three classes of patients: those with benign, malign or without tumor. Experiments show that feature extraction using pretrained models provides satisfactory results, achieving a 64.52% test accuracy. This outcome could be improved via fine-tuning of the final layers or training the whole network parameters. The results of additional experiments using a sample of the Caltech-101 database, for which a 99.38% test accuracy was obtained, exhibit the relevance of the similarity between the data used to train the model and the particular application intended. Additionally, it is worth noting the impact of the data augmentation process and the balance of the number of examples per class on the performance of the system. Breast tumor, classification, mammogram, convolutional neural network, support vector machine
Automatic Ship Classification from Optical Aerial Images with Convolutional Neural Networks

The automatic classification of ships from aerial images is a considerable challenge. Previous works have usually applied image processing and computer vision techniques to extract meaningful features from visible spectrum images in order to use them as the input for traditional supervised classifiers. We present a method for determining if an aerial image of visible spectrum contains a ship or not. The proposed architecture is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and it combines neural codes extracted from a CNN with a k-Nearest Neighbor method so as to improve performance. The kNN results are compared to those obtained with the CNN Softmax output. Several CNN models have been configured and evaluated in order to seek the best hyperparameters, and the most suitable setting for this task was found by using transfer learning at different levels. A new dataset (named MASATI) composed of aerial imagery with more than 6000 samples has also been created to train and evaluate our architecture. The experimentation shows a success rate of over 99% for our approach, in contrast with the 79% obtained with traditional methods in classification of ship images, also outperforming other methods based on CNNs. A dataset of images (MWPU VHR-10) used in previous works was additionally used to evaluate the proposed approach. Our best setup achieves a success ratio of 86% with these data, significantly outperforming previous state-of-the-art ship classification methods.
Effect of chronotype on emotional processing and risk taking.

There is increasing evidence to suggest that late chronotypes are at increased risk for depression. The putative psychological mechanisms underpinning this risk, however, have not been fully explored. The aim of the present study was to examine whether, similar to acutely depressed patients and other "at risk" groups, late chronotype individuals display biases in tasks assaying emotional face recognition, emotional categorisation, recognition and recall and attention. Late chronotype was associated with increased recognition of sad facial expressions, greater recall and reduced latency to correctly recognise previously presented negative personality trait words and reduced allocation of attentional resources to happy faces. The current results indicate that certain negative biases in emotional processing are present in late chronotypes and may, in part, mediate the vulnerability of these individuals to depression. Prospective studies are needed to establish whether the cognitive vulnerabilities reported here predict subsequent depression.
Fuzzy Graphs and Fuzzy Hypergraphs

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Relationship between oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy.

The prevalence of diabetes has dramatically increased worldwide due to the vast increase in the obesity rate. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and it is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Hyperglycemia is the driving force for the development of diabetic nephropathy. It is well known that hyperglycemia increases the production of free radicals resulting in oxidative stress. While increases in oxidative stress have been shown to contribute to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, the mechanisms by which this occurs are still being investigated. Historically, diabetes was not thought to be an immune disease; however, there is increasing evidence supporting a role for inflammation in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Inflammatory cells, cytokines, and profibrotic growth factors including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy via increased vascular inflammation and fibrosis. The stimulus for the increase in inflammation in diabetes is still under investigation; however, reactive oxygen species are a primary candidate. Thus, targeting oxidative stress-inflammatory cytokine signaling could improve therapeutic options for diabetic nephropathy. The current review will focus on understanding the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy to help elucidate the question of which comes first in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, oxidative stress, or inflammation.
Plasmids in Gram negatives: molecular typing of resistance plasmids.

A plasmid is defined as a double stranded, circular DNA molecule capable of autonomous replication. By definition, plasmids do not carry genes essential for the growth of host cells under non-stressed conditions but they have systems which guarantee their autonomous replication also controlling the copy number and ensuring stable inheritance during cell division. Most of the plasmids confer positively selectable phenotypes by the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Plasmids evolve as an integral part of the bacterial genome, providing resistance genes that can be easily exchanged among bacteria of different origin and source by conjugation. A multidisciplinary approach is currently applied to study the acquisition and spread of antimicrobial resistance in clinically relevant bacterial pathogens and the established surveillance can be implemented by replicon typing of plasmids. Particular plasmid families are more frequently detected among Enterobacteriaceae and play a major role in the diffusion of specific resistance genes. For instance, IncFII, IncA/C, IncL/M, IncN and IncI1 plasmids carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes and acquired AmpC genes are currently considered to be "epidemic resistance plasmids", being worldwide detected in Enterobacteriaceae of different origin and sources. The recognition of successful plasmids is an essential first step to design intervention strategies preventing their spread.
Edge-guided resolution enhancement in projectors via optical pixel sharing

Digital projection technology has improved significantly in recent years. But, the relationship of cost with respect to available resolution in projectors is still super-linear. In this paper, we present a method that uses projector light modulator panels (e.g. LCD or DMD panels) of resolution n X n to create a perceptually close match to a target higher resolution cn X cn image, where c is a small integer greater than 1. This is achieved by enhancing the resolution using smaller pixels at specific regions of interest like edges.
 A target high resolution image (cn X cn) is first decomposed into (a) a high resolution (cn X cn) but sparse edge image, and (b) a complementary lower resolution (n X n) non-edge image. These images are then projected in a time sequential manner at a high frame rate to create an edge-enhanced image -- an image where the pixel density is not uniform but changes spatially. In 3D ready projectors with readily available refresh rate of 120Hz, such a temporal multiplexing is imperceptible to the user and the edge-enhanced image is perceptually almost identical to the target high resolution image.
 To create the higher resolution edge image, we introduce the concept of optical pixel sharing. This reduces the projected pixel size by a factor of 1/c2 while increasing the pixel density by c2 at the edges enabling true higher resolution edges. Due to the sparsity of the edge pixels in an image we are able to choose a sufficiently large subset of these to be displayed at the higher resolution using perceptual parameters. We present a statistical analysis quantifying the expected number of pixels that will be reproduced at the higher resolution and verify it for different types of images.
Secondary cleft rhinoplasty rejuvenates the nose: a suggestion from a panel survey.

Cleft-lip nasal deformity (CLND) affects the overall facial appearance and attractiveness. The CLND nose shares some features in part with the aging nose.



This questionnaire survey examined: 1) the panel perceptions of the role of secondary cleft rhinoplasty in nasal rejuvenation; and 2) the influence of a medical background in cleft care, age and gender of the panel members on the estimated age of the CLND nose.



Using a cross-sectional study design, we enrolled a random sample of adult laypersons and health care providers. The predictor variables were secondary cleft rhinoplasty (before/after) and a medical background in cleft care (yes/no). The outcome variable was the estimated age of nose in photographs derived from 8 German nonsyndromic CLND patients. Other study variables included age, gender, and career of the assessors. Appropriate descriptive and univariate statistics were computed, and a P value of <.05 was considered to be statistically significant.



The sample consisted of 507 lay volunteers and 51 medical experts (407 [72.9%] were female; mean age ± SD = 24.9 ± 8.2 y). The estimated age of the CLND noses was higher than their real age. The rhinoplasty decreased the estimated age to a statistically significant degree (P < .0001). A medical background, age, and gender of the participants were not individually associated with their votes (P > .05).



The results of this study suggest that CLND noses lack youthful appearance. Secondary cleft rhinoplasty rejuvenates the nose and makes it come close to the actual age of the patients.
Long-term health consequences of PCOS.

The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance/diabetes and/or uterine pathology appears to be increased in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), although more outcome studies are necessary to determine incidence. Data pertaining to some of the potential long-term health consequences associated with PCOS are summarized. Medline, Current Contents and PubMed were searched for studies from the time of our original interest in this issue in 1980 to the present. The review is limited to published human data. The current literature indicate that women with this syndrome cluster risk factors for premature morbidity and mortality. Large multi-site co-operative studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term health outcomes.
A Real-Time Audit Mechanism Based on the Compression Technique

Log management and log auditing have become increasingly crucial for enterprises in this era of information and technology explosion. The log analysis technique is useful for discovering possible problems in business processes and preventing illegal-intrusion attempts and data-tampering attacks. Because of the complexity of the dynamically changing environment, auditing a tremendous number of data is a challenging issue. We provide a real-time audit mechanism to improve the aforementioned problems in log auditing. This mechanism was developed based on the Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) compression technique to facilitate effective compression and provide reliable auditing log entries. The mechanism can be used to predict unusual activities when compressing the log data according to pre-defined auditing rules. Auditors using real-time and continuous monitoring can perceive instantly the most likely anomalies or exceptions that could cause problems. We also designed a user interface that allows auditors to define the various compression and audit parameters, using real log cases in the experiment to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this proposed audit mechanism. In summary, this mechanism changes the log access method and improves the efficiency of log analysis. This mechanism greatly simplifies auditing so that auditors must only trace the sources and causes of the problems related to the detected anomalies. This greatly reduces the processing time of analytical audit procedures and the manual checking time, and improves the log audit efficiency.
Augmented-reality scratch: a children's authoring environment for augmented-reality experiences

In this paper we introduce AR Scratch, the first augmented-reality (AR) authoring environment designed for children. By adding augmented-reality functionality to the Scratch programming platform, this environment allows pre-teens to create programs that mix real and virtual spaces. Children can display virtual objects on a real-world space seen through a camera, and they can control the virtual world through interactions between physical objects. This paper describes the system design process, which focused on appropriately presenting the AR technology to the typical Scratch population (children aged 8-12), as influenced by knowledge of child spatial cognition, programming expertise, and interaction metaphors. Evaluation of this environment is proposed, accompanied by results from an initial pilot study, as well as discussion of foreseeable impacts on the Scratch user community.
Learning typographic style: from discrimination to synthesis

Typography is a ubiquitous art form that affects our understanding, perception and trust in what we read. Thousands of different font-faces have been created with enormous variations in the characters. In this paper, we learn the style of a font by analyzing a small subset of only four letters. From these four letters, we learn two tasks. The first is a discrimination task: given the four letters and a new candidate letter, does the new letter belong to the same font? Second, given the four basis letters, can we generate all of the other letters with the same characteristics as those in the basis set? We use deep neural networks to address both tasks, quantitatively and qualitatively measure the results in a variety of novel manners, and present a thorough investigation of the weaknesses and strengths of the approach. All of the experiments are conducted with publicly available font sets.
From Theories to Queries

This article surveys recent work in active learning aimed at making it more practical for real-world use. In general, active learning systems aim to make machine learning more economical, since they can participate in the acquisition of their own training data. An active learner might iteratively select informative query instances to be labeled by an oracle, for example. Work over the last two decades has shown that such approaches are effective at maintaining accuracy while reducing training set size in many machine learning applications. However, as we begin to deploy active learning in real ongoing learning systems and data annotation projects, we are encountering unexpected problems—due in part to practical realities that violate the basic assumptions of earlier foundational work. I review some of these issues, and discuss recent work being done to address the challenges.
Hand gesture recognition using machine learning and the Myo armband

Gesture recognition has multiple applications in medical and engineering fields. The problem of hand gesture recognition consists of identifying, at any moment, a given gesture performed by the hand. In this work, we propose a new model for hand gesture recognition in real time. The input of this model is the surface electromyography measured by the commercial sensor the Myo armband placed on the forearm. The output is the label of the gesture executed by the user at any time. The proposed model is based on the Λ-nearest neighbor and dynamic time warping algorithms. This model can learn to recognize any gesture of the hand. To evaluate the performance of our model, we measured and compared its accuracy at recognizing 5 classes of gestures to the accuracy of the proprietary system of the Myo armband. As a result of this evaluation, we determined that our model performs better (86% accurate) than the Myo system (83%).
Multiple slots technique for bandwidth enhancement of microstrip rectangular patch antenna

This paper discusses the investigation of bandwidth enhancement for microstrip rectangular patch antenna by putting up multiple slots etched on the patch. The technique is proposed in overcoming the nature characteristic of microstrip patch antenna which has narrowband bandwidth response. Here, the antenna is designed to work at center frequency around 1.6GHz for GPS application. The patch of antenna is fed by using a microstrip transmission line feeding network extended from a center pin of 500hm SMA connector. The number of slots etched on the patch is set to be 13 which are separated 3mm each other. The 13 slots which have different length for each are arranged in parallel with the feeding line. To shows the feasibility of proposed technique, the characteristics of microstrip patch antenna with multiple slots are compared to the conventional microstrip patch antenna. Both antennas are implemented using FR-4 Epoxy dielectric substrates with the dimension of 55mm × 80mm and the thickness of 1.6mm. From the characterization, although there are some slight differences of simulation and measurement results, in general the microstrip patch antenna with multiple slots demonstrates bandwidth enhancement up to 98.3% and 70.8% for simulated result and measured result, respectively.
20 years later : deliberate practice and the development of expertise in sport

1750-984X (Print) 1750-9858 (Online)  http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rirs20 20 years later: deliberate practice and the development of expertise in sport Joseph Baker & Bradley Young To cite this article: Joseph Baker & Bradley Young (2014) 20 years later: deliberate practice and the development of expertise in sport, International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7:1, 135-157, DOI: 10.1080/1750984X.2014.896024 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2014.896024  Apr 2014.
A semantic similarity measure for recommender systems

In the past few years, recommender systems and semantic web technologies have become main subjects of interest in the research community. In this paper, we present a domain independent semantic similarity measure that can be used in the recommendation process. This semantic similarity is based on the relations between the individuals of an ontology. The assessment can be done offline which allows time to be saved and then, get real-time recommendations. The measure has been experimented on two different domains: movies and research papers. Moreover, the generated recommendations by the semantic similarity have been evaluated by a set of volunteers and the results have been promising.