nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Cognitive Rehabilitation Theory to the Development of Smart Prompting Technologies

Older adults with cognitive impairments often have difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Prompting technologies have gained popularity over the last decade and have the potential to assist these individuals with IADLs in order to live independently. Although prompting techniques are routinely used by caregivers and health care providers to aid individuals with cognitive impairment in maintaining their independence with everyday activities, there is no clear consensus or gold standard regarding prompt content, method of instruction, timing of delivery, or interface of prompt delivery in the gerontology or technology literatures. In this paper, we demonstrate how cognitive rehabilitation principles can inform and advance the development of more effective assistive prompting technologies that could be employed in smart environments. We first describe cognitive rehabilitation theory (CRT) and show how it provides a useful theoretical foundation for guiding the development of assistive technologies for IADL completion. We then use the CRT framework to critically review existing smart prompting technologies to answer questions that will be integral to advancing development of effective smart prompting technologies. Finally, we raise questions for future exploration as well as challenges and suggestions for future directions in this area of research.
A review of ethnicity, health and nutrition-related diseases in relation to migration in the United Kingdom.

To identify lessons from and gaps in research on diet-disease links among former migrants in the United Kingdom (UK).



Migrant status and self-identified ethnicity do not match so these terms mask differences in social, nutritional and health status within and between population groups. Some former migrants differ in causes of death from the general population, e.g.: fewer coronary heart disease deaths among Caribbean-born; fewer cancer deaths among Caribbean, South Asian- and East African-born adults. Irish- and Scottish-born have higher mortality from all causes. Experience of risk factors differ also, e.g.: higher prevalences of hypertension and diabetes in Caribbean- and South Asian-born adults than representative samples of the general population; obesity and raised waist-hip circumference ratios in South Asian, African-Caribbean and some Irish-born adults. Former migrants experience long-term disadvantage, associated with more self-defined illness and lower reported physical activity. Nutrient intake data from the few, recent, small-scale studies must be interpreted with caution due to methodological diversity. However, second generation offspring of former migrants appear to adopt British dietary patterns, increasing fat and reducing vegetable, fruit and pulse consumption compared with first generation migrants.



There is insufficient evidence on why some former migrants but not others experience lower specific mortality than the general population. Dietary intake variations provide important clues particularly when examined by age and migration status. Majority ethnic and younger migrant groups could raise and sustain high fruit and vegetable intakes but lower proportions of fat, by adopting many dietary practices from older migrants. Objective measures of physical activity and longitudinal studies of diets among different ethnic groups are needed to explain diversity in health outcomes and provide for evidence-based action.
Removal of Rectal Foreign Bodies Using Tenaculum Forceps Under Endoscopic Assistance

The incidence of rectal foreign bodies is increasing by the day, though not as common as that of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies. Various methods for removal of foreign bodies have been reported. Removal during endoscopy using endoscopic devices is simple and safe, but if the foreign body is too large to be removed by this method, other methods are required. We report two cases of rectal foreign body removal by a relatively simple and inexpensive technique. A 42-year-old man with a vibrator in the rectum was admitted due to inability to remove it by himself and various endoscopic methods failed. Finally, the vibrator was removed successfully by using tenaculum forceps under endoscopic assistance. Similarly, a 59-year-old man with a carrot in the rectum was admitted. The carrot was removed easily by using the same method as that in the previous case. The use of tenaculum forceps under endoscopic guidance may be a useful method for removal of rectal foreign bodies.
Best-effort inductive logic programming via fine-grained cost-based hypothesis generation

We describe the Inspire system which participated in the first competition on inductive logic programming (ILP). Inspire is based on answer set programming (ASP). The distinguishing feature of Inspire is an ASP encoding for hypothesis space generation: given a set of facts representing the mode bias, and a set of cost configuration parameters, each answer set of this encoding represents a single rule that is considered for finding a hypothesis that entails the given examples. Compared with state-of-the-art methods that use the length of the rule body as a metric for rule complexity, our approach permits a much more fine-grained specification of the shape of hypothesis candidate rules. The Inspire system iteratively increases the rule cost limit and thereby increases the search space until it finds a suitable hypothesis. The system searches for a hypothesis that entails a single example at a time, utilizing an ASP encoding derived from the encoding used in XHAIL. We perform experiments with the development and test set of the ILP competition. For comparison we also adapted the ILASP system to process competition instances. Experimental results show that the cost parameters for the hypothesis search space are an important factor for finding hypotheses to competition instances within tight resource bounds.
High Dimensional Bayesian Optimisation and Bandits via Additive Models

Bayesian Optimisation (BO) is a technique used in optimising a D-dimensional function which is typically expensive to evaluate. While there have been many successes for BO in low dimensions, scaling it to high dimensions has been notoriously difficult. Existing literature on the topic are under very restrictive settings. In this paper, we identify two key challenges in this endeavour. We tackle these challenges by assuming an additive structure for the function. This setting is substantially more expressive and contains a richer class of functions than previous work. We prove that, for additive functions the regret has only linear dependence on D even though the function depends on all D dimensions. We also demonstrate several other statistical and computational benefits in our framework. Via synthetic examples, a scientific simulation and a face detection problem we demonstrate that our method outperforms naive BO on additive functions and on several examples where the function is not additive.
Clinical Prognosis in Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis: The Role of Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein

Neonates are at high risk of meningitis and of resulting neurologic complications. Early recognition of neonates at risk of poor prognosis would be helpful in providing timely management. From January 2008 to June 2014, we enrolled 232 term neonates with bacterial meningitis admitted to 3 neonatology departments in Shanghai, China. The clinical status on the day of discharge from these hospitals or at a postnatal age of 2.5 to 3 months was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Patients were classified into two outcome groups: good (167 cases, 72.0%, GOS = 5) or poor (65 cases, 28.0%, GOS = 1-4). Neonates with good outcome had less frequent apnea, drowsiness, poor feeding, bulging fontanelle, irritability and more severe jaundice compared to neonates with poor outcome. The good outcome group also had less pneumonia than the poor outcome group. Besides, there were statistically significant differences in hemoglobin, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, C-reaction protein, procalcitonin, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose and CSF protein. Multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that poor feeding, pneumonia and CSF protein were the predictors of poor outcome. CSF protein content was significantly higher in patients with poor outcome. The best cut-offs for predicting poor outcome were 1,880 mg/L in CSF protein concentration (sensitivity 70.8%, specificity 86.2%). After 2 weeks of treatment, CSF protein remained higher in the poor outcome group. High CSF protein concentration may prognosticate poor outcome in neonates with bacterial meningitis.
Wideband internal antenna for Tablet/Laptop applications

According to the demands of modern communication products, Laptop/Tablet, at least four antennas are required to provide 3G WCDMA, 4G LTE, WiFi, BT, GPS, and Wimax. Recently, most antennas have employed planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) design. However, the conventional PIFA suffers from narrow bandwidth and the relative isolation is another issue when high efficiency of antennas is demanded. If we can use one antenna to cover above-mentioned frequency bands, the antenna can economize space in comparison to that of using the four antennas. The proposed antenna is composed of a broadband monopole and three parasitic antennas. It can cover 824-960 MHz, 1575 MHz, 1710-2690 MHz, 3300-3800 MHz, and 5150-6000MHz. Besides, the proposed antenna is suitable to be placed at the top or side of the Laptop/Tablet monitor due to its dimensions of 60 (length) × 3 (width) × 12 (height) mm3.
Curation, curation, curation

The media curation craze has spawned a multitude of new sites that help users to collect and share web content. Some market themselves as spaces to explore a common interest through different types of related media. Others are promoted as a means for creating and sharing stories, or producing personalized newspapers. Still others target the education market, claiming that curation can be a powerful learning tool for web-based content. But who really benefits from the curation task: the content curator or the content consumer? This paper will argue that for curation to fully support learning, on either side, then the curation site has to allow the content curator to research and tell stories through their selected content and for the consumer to rewrite the story for themselves. This brings the curation task inline with museum practice, where museum professionals tell stories through careful selection, organization and presentation of objects in an exhibition, backed up by research. This paper introduces the notion of 'recuration' to describe a process in which shared content can be used as part of learning.
Sex & the City . How Emotional Factors Affect Financial Choices

Although the role of irrationality in the trading choice has been extensively discussed in the literature, individual characteristics, which are equally crucial, have been neglected.. We investigated links between psychological emotional factors and trading choices in a sample of non professional agents. Using a series of daily surveys over a six week period as well as introductive inventory surveys, we constructed measures of personality traits, behaviours and emotional moods and correlate these with subjects’ financial choices. Our results show that happy individual with a positive view of the world and a regular sexual activity have a higher propensity to enter long positions and borrow money to improve their financial situation.
IT Security in Automotive Software Development

In the last years, automotive systems evolved to be more and more software-intensive systems. As a result, consider able attention has been paid to establish an efficient softwa re development process of such systems, where reliability is an important criterion. Hence, model-driven development (MDD), software engineering and requirements engineering (amongst others) found their way into the systems engineering domain. However, one important aspect regarding the reliability of such systems, has been largely neglected on a holistic level: the IT security. In this paper, we introduce a potential approach for integrating IT security in the requirements engineering process of automotive software development using function net modeling.
Integrative testimonial therapy: an Internet-based, therapist-assisted therapy for German elderly survivors of the World War II with posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral treatments are known to be effective for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. However, evidence for effective treatments for older persons with PTSD, particularly elderly war trauma survivors, is scarce. In an open trial, 30 survivors of World War II aged 65 to 85 years (mean, 71.73 years; SD, 4.8; n = 17 women) with PTSD symptoms were treated with a Web-based, therapist-assisted cognitive-behavioral/narrative therapy for 6 weeks. Intent-to-treat analyses revealed a significant decrease in PTSD severity scores (Cohen's d = 0.43) and significant improvements on secondary clinical outcomes of quality of life, self-efficacy, and posttraumatic growth from pretreatment to posttreatment. All improvements were maintained at a 3-month follow-up. The attrition rate was low (13.3%), with participants who completed the trial reporting high working alliance and treatment satisfaction. Results of this study suggest that integrative testimonial therapy is a well accepted and potentially effective treatment for older war trauma survivors experiencing PTSD symptoms.
A haptic system with interchangeable constraints for the analysis of skillful human movements

A distributed system with interchangeable constraints for studying skillful human movements via haptic displays is presented. A unified interface provides easy linking of various physical models with spatial constraints, and the graphical contents related to the models as well. Theoretical and experimental kinematic profiles are compared for several cases of basic reaching rest-to-rest tasks: curve-constrained motions, flexible object control, and cooperative two-hand movements. The experimental patterns exhibit the best agreement with the optimal control models based on force-change minimization criteria.
Supply chain process design toolkit (SCPDT)

A characteristic that will distinguish successful manufacturing enterprises of the next millennium is agility: the ability to respond quickly, proactively, and aggressively to unpredictable change. The use of extended virtual enterprise Supply Chains (SC) to achieve agility is becoming increasingly prevalent. A key problem in constructing effective SCs is the lack of methods and tools to support the integration of processes and systems into shared SC processes and systems. This paper describes the architecture and concept of operation of the Supply Chain Process Design Toolkit (SCPDT), an integrated software system that addresses the challenge of seamless and efficient integration. The SCPDT enables the analysis and design of Supply Chain (SC) processes. SCPDT facilitates key SC process engineering tasks including 1) AS-IS process base-lining and assessment, 2) collaborative TO-BE process requirements definition, 3) SC process integration and harmonization, 4) TO-BE process design trade-off analysis, and 5) TO-BE process planning and implementation.
GPDTI: A Genetic Programming Decision Tree Induction method to find epistatic effects in common complex diseases

The identification of risk-associated genetic variants in common diseases remains a challenge to the biomedical research community. It has been suggested that common statistical approaches that exclusively measure main effects are often unable to detect interactions between some of these variants. Detecting and interpreting interactions is a challenging open problem from the statistical and computational perspectives. Methods in computing science may improve our understanding on the mechanisms of genetic disease by detecting interactions even in the presence of very low heritabilities.



We have implemented a method using Genetic Programming that is able to induce a Decision Tree to detect interactions in genetic variants. This method has a cross-validation strategy for estimating classification and prediction errors and tests for consistencies in the results. To have better estimates, a new consistency measure that takes into account interactions and can be used in a genetic programming environment is proposed. This method detected five different interaction models with heritabilities as low as 0.008 and with prediction errors similar to the generated errors.


AVAILABILITY
Information on the generated data sets and executable code is available upon request.
GHG Emissions and Energy Minimization using Heat Integrated Pressure Swing Distillation Sequence (HiPSDS) for the Separation of Azeotropic Mixture

The present work elaborates the process design methodology for the evaluation of the distillation systems based on the economic, exergetic and environmental point of view, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The methodology proposes the Heat Integrated Pressure Swing Distillation Sequence (HiPSDS) is economic and reduces the GHG emissions than the conventional Extractive Distillation Sequence (EDS) and the Pressure Swing Distillation Sequence (PSDS) for the case study of isobutyl alcohol and isobutyl acetate with the solvents for EDS and with low pressure variations for PSDS and HiPSDS. The study demonstrates that the exergy analysis can predict the results of the economic and environmental evaluation associated with the process design.
A Segment-Based Fitness Measure for Capturing Repetitive Structures of Music Recordings

In this paper, we deal with the task of determining the audio segment that best represents a given music recording (similar to audio thumbnailing). Typically, such a segment has many (approximate) repetitions covering large parts of the music recording. As main contribution, we introduce a novel fitness measure that assigns to each segment a fitness value that expresses how much and how well the segment “explains” the repetitive structure of the recording. In co mbination with enhanced feature representations, we show that our fitness measure can cope even with strong variations in tempo, instrumentation, and modulations that may occur within and across related segments. We demonstrate the practicability of our approach by means of several challenging examples including field recordings of folk music and recordings of classical music.
A New Low Loss Rotman Lens Design Using a Graded Dielectric Substrate

In this paper, a new low loss graded dielectric Rotman lens design is presented. The graded dielectric allows for the enhanced focusing of the energy between the beam ports and the array ports of the lens, thereby minimizing the energy spill-over to the Rotman lens sides. New lens design equations are presented, which account for the change in effective wavelength and ray bending within the lens. The graded dielectric within the lens was fabricated by forming a periodic lattice of voids, with a variable density, in the lens substrate. Compared to a conventional Rotman lens, the new graded dielectric Rotman lens shows a measured insertion loss improvement of up to 2.1 dB. In addition, the degradation in peak power at the extreme scan angles is improved from 1.5 to 0.7 dB.
Participation in a Platform Ecosystem : Appropriability , Competition , and Access to the Installed Base

In this study we examine the antecedents of small independent software vendor (ISV) decisions to join a platform ecosystem. Using data on the history of partnering activities from 1201 ISVs from 1996 to 2004, we find that appropriability strategies based on intellectual property rights and the possession of downstream complementary capabilities by ISVs are positively related to partnership formation, and ISVs use these two mechanisms as substitutes to prevent expropriation by the platform owner. In addition, we show that greater competition in downstream product markets between the ISV and the platform owner is associated with a lower likelihood of partnership formation, while the platform’s penetration into the ISV’s target industries is positively associated with the propensity to partner. The results highlight the role of innovation appropriation, downstream complementary capabilities, and collaborative competition in the formation of a platform ecosystem.
ifcXMLNetwork : A Visual Interface for Exploring and Understanding ifcXML Data

IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) is a data model developed by the International Alliance for Interoperability and is used for modelling in the building industry. IfcXML is its XML specification [1, 4]. IFC files can downloaded from building models created in Autodesk Revit . Autodesk Revit is a Building information modelling (BIM)  software for architects, structural engineers, MEP engineers, designers and contractors. IFC/ifcXML specifications based convertors can be used to convert IFC to ifcXML [4, 5]. Besides IFC, there are other standards that building data can be exported into such as Microsoft Access, gbXML or DWL. But it is seen that ifcXML contains information not supported by other standards , so it is preferred. There are many challenges with ifcXML data. Compared to other standards, it is big and has the most complex schema.
Underwater electric potential measurements using AUVs

Measurements of underwater electric potential (UEP) have several possible applications, including geophysical research, gas and oil exploration, and finding underwater cables and unexploded ordnance. In the present investigation, use of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to perform measurements of underwater electric potential was explored. An AUV was equipped with a spherical electric field sensor containing three pairs of Ag/AgCl electrodes. A controlled electric field source was mounted on a surface boat for testing. In a shallow saltwater test facility, tests were performed in which the UEP sensor-equipped AUV and surface boat passed one another from opposite directions. UEP measurements acquired by the AUV showed that an ac electric field source at frequencies of 5, 10, and 20 Hz on the surface boat were clearly detected.
Cheaper and Better: Selecting Good Workers for Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing provides a popular paradigm for data collection at scale. We study the problem of selecting subsets of workers from a given worker pool to maximize the accuracy under a budget constraint. One natural question is whether we should hire as many workers as the budget allows, or restrict on a small number of topquality workers. By theoretically analyzing the error rate of a typical setting in crowdsourcing, we frame the worker selection problem into a combinatorial optimization problem and propose an algorithm to solve it efficiently. Empirical results on both simulated and real-world datasets show that our algorithm is able to select a small number of high-quality workers, and performs as good as, sometimes even better than, the much larger crowds as the budget allows.
Testing statistical significance of multivariate time series analysis techniques for epileptic seizure prediction.

Nonlinear time series analysis techniques have been proposed to detect changes in the electroencephalography dynamics prior to epileptic seizures. Their applicability in practice to predict seizure onsets is hampered by the present lack of generally accepted standards to assess their performance. We propose an analytic approach to judge the prediction performance of multivariate seizure prediction methods. Statistical tests are introduced to assess patient individual results, taking into account that prediction methods are applied to multiple time series and several seizures. Their performance is illustrated utilizing a bivariate seizure prediction method based on synchronization theory.