nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
AUDACIOUS: User-Driven Access Control with Unmodified Operating Systems

User-driven access control improves the coarse-grained access control of current operating systems (particularly in the mobile space) that provide only all-or-nothing access to a resource such as the camera or the current location. By granting appropriate permissions only in response to explicit user actions (for example, pressing a camera button), user-driven access control better aligns application actions with user expectations. Prior work on user-driven access control has relied in essential ways on operating system (OS) modifications to provide applications with uncompromisable access control gadgets, distinguished user interface (UI) elements that can grant access permissions. This work presents a design, implementation, and evaluation of user-driven access control that works with no OS modifications, thus making deployability and incremental adoption of the model more feasible. We develop (1) a user-level trusted library for access control gadgets, (2) static analyses to prevent malicious creation of UI events, illegal flows of sensitive information, and circumvention of our library, and (3) dynamic analyses to ensure users are not tricked into granting permissions. In addition to providing the original user-driven access control guarantees, we use static information flow to limit where results derived from sensitive sources may flow in an application.
 Our implementation targets Android applications. We port open-source applications that need interesting resource permissions to use our system. We determine in what ways user-driven access control in general and our implementation in particular are good matches for real applications. We demonstrate that our system is secure against a variety of attacks that malware on Android could otherwise mount.
Rational combinations of trastuzumab with chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer.

Trastuzumab, a humanized anti-HER2 antibody, increases the clinical benefit of first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancers that overexpress HER2. We characterized interactions between trastuzumab and chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer.



Multiple drug effect/combination index isobologram analysis was used to study the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug plus trastuzumab combinations tested against four HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines (SK-BR-3, BT-474, MDA-MB-361, and MDA-MB-453). Combination index values were derived from parameters of the median effect plots, and statistical tests were used to determine whether the mean combination index values at multiple effect levels were statistically significantly different from a combination index value of 1.0. Values less than 1.0 indicate synergistic interactions, values greater than 1.0 indicate antagonistic interactions, and values equal to 1.0 indicate additive interactions.



At a wide range of clinically achievable drug concentrations, synergistic interactions were observed in all four breast cancer cell lines for trastuzumab plus carboplatin (mean combination index values ranged from 0.32 [P<.001] to 0.53 [P<.001]), 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (mean combination index values ranged from 0.38 [P<.001] to 0.73 [P =.010]), docetaxel (mean combination index values ranged from 0.30 [P<.001] to 0.62 [P<.001]), and vinorelbine (mean combination index values ranged from 0.24 [P<.001] to 0.78 [P<.034]). Additive interactions were observed in all four cell lines with trastuzumab plus doxorubicin, epirubicin, and paclitaxel. Interactions between trastuzumab and gemcitabine were synergistic at low concentrations of gemcitabine and antagonistic at high concentrations. A synergistic interaction was observed with a three-drug combination of docetaxel plus carboplatin plus trastuzumab in SK-BR-3 cells (mean combination index value = 0.09; P<.001).



Consistent synergistic interactions of trastuzumab plus carboplatin, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, docetaxel, or vinorelbine across a wide range of clinically relevant concentrations in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells indicate that these are rational combinations to test in human clinical trials.
Path Planning for CNC Machines Considering Centripetal Acceleration and Jerk

In planning an s-curve speed profile for a computer numerical control (CNC) machine, centripetal acceleration and its derivative have to be considered. In a CNC machine, these quantities dictate how much voltage and current should be applied to servo motor windings. In this paper, the necessity of considering centripetal jerk in speed profile generation especially in the look-ahead mode is explained. It is demonstrated that the magnitude of centripetal jerk is proportional to the curvature derivative of the path known as "sharpness". It is also explained that a proper limited jerk motion is only possible when a G2-continuous machining path is planned. Then using a simplified mathematical representation of clothoids, a novel method for approximating a given path with a sequence of clothoid segments is proposed. Using this method, a semi-parallel G2-continuous path with adjustable deviation from the original shape for a sample machining contour is generated. Maximum permissible feed rate for the generated path is also calculated.
IMPLEMENTATION OF OFDM AND CHANNEL ESTIMATION USING LS AND MMSE ESTIMATOR

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) provides an effective and low complexity means of eliminating inter symbol interference for transmission over frequency selective fading channels. This technique has received a lot of interest in mobile communication research as the radio channel is usually frequency selective and time variant. In OFDM system, modulation may be coherent or differential. Channel state information (CSI) is required for the OFDM receiver to perform coherent detection or diversity combining, if multiple transmit and receive antennas are deployed. In practice, CSI can be reliably estimated at the receiver by transmitting pilots along with data symbols. This paper discusses the channel estimation in OFDM and its implementation in MATLAB using pilot based block type channel estimation techniques by LS and MMSE algorithms. This paper starts with comparisons of OFDM using BPSK and QPSK on different channels, followed by modeling the LS and MMSE estimators on MATLAB. In the end, results of different simulations are compared to conclude that LS algorithm gives less complexity but MMSE algorithm provides comparatively better results.
Generating Synthetic Time Series to Augment Sparse Datasets

In machine learning, data augmentation is the process of creating synthetic examples in order to augment a dataset used to learn a model. One motivation for data augmentation is to reduce the variance of a classifier, thereby reducing error. In this paper, we propose new data augmentation techniques specifically designed for time series classification, where the space in which they are embedded is induced by Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). The main idea of our approach is to average a set of time series and use the average time series as a new synthetic example. The proposed methods rely on an extension of DTW Barycentric Averaging (DBA), the averaging technique that is specifically developed for DTW. In this paper, we extend DBA to be able to calculate a weighted average of time series under DTW. In this case, instead of each time series contributing equally to the final average, some can contribute more than others. This extension allows us to generate an infinite number of new examples from any set of given time series. To this end, we propose three methods that choose the weights associated to the time series of the dataset. We carry out experiments on the 85 datasets of the UCR archive and demonstrate that our method is particularly useful when the number of available examples is limited (e.g. 2 to 6 examples per class) using a 1-NN DTW classifier. Furthermore, we show that augmenting full datasets is beneficial in most cases, as we observed an increase of accuracy on 56 datasets, no effect on 7 and a slight decrease on only 22.
Optimization for Cooperative Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

In cognitive radio networks, the secondary users can use the frequency bands when the primary users are not present. Hence secondary users need to constantly sense the presence of the primary users. When the primary users are detected, the secondary users have to vacate that channel. This makes the probability of detection important to the primary users as it indicates their protection level from secondary users. When the secondary users detect the presence of a primary user which is in fact not there, it is referred to as false alarm. The probability of false alarm is important to the secondary users as it determines their usage of an unoccupied channel. Depending on whose interest is of priority, either a targeted probability of detection or false alarm shall be set. After setting one of the probabilities, the other can be optimized through cooperative sensing. In this paper, we show that cooperating all secondary users in the network does not necessary achieve the optimum performance, but instead, it is achieved by cooperating a certain number of users with the highest primary user's signal to noise ratio. Computer simulations have shown that the Pd can increase from 92.03% to 99.88% and Pf can decrease from 6.02% to 0.06% in a network with 200 users.
BCL6: master regulator of the germinal center reaction and key oncogene in B cell lymphomagenesis.

BCL6 is a transcriptional repressor which has emerged as a critical regulator of germinal centers (GC), the sites where B cells are selected based on the production of antibodies with high affinity for the antigen. BCL6 is also a frequently activated oncogene in the pathogenesis of human B cell lymphomas, most of which derive from the GC B cells. A thorough understanding of the biological role of BCL6 in normal B cell development and lymphomagenesis depends upon the identification of the full set of genes that are targets of its transcriptional regulatory function. Recently, the identification of BCL6 targets has been implemented with the use of genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene expression profiling approaches. A large set of promoters have been shown to be physically bound by BCL6, but only a fraction of them appears to be subjected to transcriptional repression in GC B cells. This set of BCL6 targets points to a number of cellular functions which are likely to be directly controlled by BCL6 during GC development, including activation, survival, DNA-damage response, cell cycle arrest, cytokine-, toll-like receptor-, TGFbeta-, WNT-signaling, and differentiation. Overall, BCL6 is revealing its dual role of "safe-keeper" in preventing centroblasts from responding to signals leading to a premature exit from the GC and of contributor to lymphomagenesis by allowing the instauration of conditions favorable to malignant transformation.
Chapter 2 SHORTEST PATH PROBLEMS WITH RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS

In most vehicle routing and crew scheduling applications solved by column generation, the subproblem corresponds to a shortest path problem with resource constraints (SPPRC) or one of its variants. This chapter proposes a classification and a generic formulation for the SPPRCs, briefly discusses complex modeling issues involving resources, and presents the most commonly used SPPRC solution methods. First and foremost, it provides a comprehensive survey on the subject.
Face Presentation Attack with Latex Masks in Multispectral Videos

Face recognition systems are susceptible to presentation attacks such as printed photo attacks, replay attacks, and 3D mask attacks. These attacks, primarily studied in visible spectrum, aim to obfuscate or impersonate a person's identity. This paper presents a unique multispectral video face database for face presentation attack using latex and paper masks. The proposed Multispectral Latex Mask based Video Face Presentation Attack (MLFP) database contains 1350 videos in visible, near infrared, and thermal spectrums. Since the database consists of videos of subjects without any mask as well as wearing ten different masks, the effect of identity concealment is analyzed in each spectrum using face recognition algorithms. We also present the performance of existing presentation attack detection algorithms on the proposed MLFP database. It is observed that the thermal imaging spectrum is most effective in detecting face presentation attacks.
A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization.

In 1912,  his paper on phi motion, widely recognized as the start of Gestalt psychology. Because of its continued relevance in modern psychology, this centennial anniversary is an excellent opportunity to take stock of what Gestalt psychology has offered and how it has changed since its inception. We first introduce the key findings and ideas in the Berlin school of Gestalt psychology, and then briefly sketch its development, rise, and fall. Next, we discuss its empirical and conceptual problems, and indicate how they are addressed in contemporary research on perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization. In particular, we review the principles of grouping, both classical (e.g., proximity, similarity, common fate, good continuation, closure, symmetry, parallelism) and new (e.g., synchrony, common region, element and uniform connectedness), and their role in contour integration and completion. We then review classic and new image-based principles of figure-ground organization, how it is influenced by past experience and attention, and how it relates to shape and depth perception. After an integrated review of the neural mechanisms involved in contour grouping, border ownership, and figure-ground perception, we conclude by evaluating what modern vision science has offered compared to traditional Gestalt psychology, whether we can speak of a Gestalt revival, and where the remaining limitations and challenges lie. A better integration of this research tradition with the rest of vision science requires further progress regarding the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the Gestalt approach, which is the focus of a second review article.
Improving test case generation for web applications using automated interface discovery

With the growing complexity of web applications, identifying web interfaces that can be used for testing such applications has become increasingly challenging. Many techniques that work effectively when applied to simple web applications are insufficient when used on modern, dynamic web applications, and may ultimately result in inadequate testing of the applications' functionality. To address this issue, we present a technique for automatically discovering web application interfaces based on a novel static analysis algorithm. We also report the results of an empirical evaluation in which we compare our technique against a traditional approach. The results of the comparison show that our technique can (1) discover a higher number of interfaces and (2) help generate test inputs that achieve higher coverage.
Introducing Continuous Delivery of Mobile Apps in a Corporate Environment: A Case Study

Software development is conducted in increasingly dynamic business environments. Organizations need the capability to develop, release and learn from software in rapid parallel cycles. The abilities to continuously deliver software, to involve users, and to collect and prioritize their feedback are necessary for software evolution. In 2014, we introduced Rugby, an agile process model with workflows for continuous delivery and feedback management, and evaluated it in university projects together with industrial clients.
 Based on Rugby's release management workflow we identified the specific needs for project-based organizations developing mobile applications. Varying characteristics and restrictions in projects teams in corporate environments impact both process and infrastructure. We found that applicability and acceptance of continuous delivery in industry depend on its adaptability. To address issues in industrial projects with respect to delivery process, infrastructure, neglected testing and continuity, we extended Rugby's workflow and made it tailorable.
 Eight projects at Capgemini, a global provider of consulting, technology and outsourcing services, applied a tailored version of the workflow. The evaluation of these projects shows anecdotal evidence that the application of the workflow significantly reduces the time required to build and deliver mobile applications in industrial projects, while at the same time increasing the number of builds and internal deliveries for feedback.
The Best Laid Plans : The Impact of Informal Rules on Formal Institutions in Transitional Regimes

How do informal institutions influence the formation and function of formal institutions? Existing typologies focus on the interaction of informal institutions with an established framework of formal rules that is taken for granted. In transitional settings, such typologies are less helpful, since many formal institutions are in a state of flux. Instead, using examples drawn from postcommunist state development, I argue that informal institutions can replace, undermine, and reinforce formal institutions irrespective of the latter’s strength, and that the elite competition generated by informal rules further influences which of these interactions dominate the development of the institutional framework. In transitional settings, the emergence and effectiveness of many formal institutions is endogenous to the informal institutions themselves.
Scalar- and Planar- Valued Curve Fitting Using Splines Under Tension

The spline under tension was introduced by Schweikert in an attempt to imitate cubic splines but avoid the spurious critical points they induce. The defining equations are presented here, together with an efficient method for determining the necessary parameters and computing the resultant spline. The standard scalar-valued curve fitting problem is discussed, as well as the fitting of open and closed curves in the plane. The use of these curves and the importance of the tension in the fitting of contour lines are mentioned as application.
Adaptive Recommendation-based Modeling Support for Data Analysis Workflows

RapidMiner is a software framework for the development and execution of data analysis workflows. Like many modern software development environments, the tool comprises a visual editor which allows the user to design processes on a conceptual level, thereby abstracts technical details, and thus helps the user focus on the core modeling task. The large set of pre-implemented data analysis operations available in the framework, as well as their logical dependencies, can, however, be overwhelming in particular for novice users.
 In this work we present an intelligent add-on to the RapidMiner framework that supports the user during the modeling phase by recommending additional operations to insert into the currently developed data analysis workflow. In the paper, we first propose different recommendation techniques and evaluate them in an offline setting using a pool of several thousand existing workflows. Second, we present the results of a laboratory study, which show that our tool helps users to significantly increase the efficiency of the modeling process.
Colonic neoplasia in asymptomatic persons with negative fecal occult blood tests: influence of age, gender, and family history.

Six hundred twenty-one asymptomatic persons with negative fecal occult blood tests (ages 50-75 yr), including 496 with no known risk factors for colorectal cancer and 125 with a single first-degree relative with a history of colonic neoplasia developed after age 40, underwent screening colonoscopy. Three Dukes A cancers were detected in average-risk persons. The overall prevalence of adenomatous polyps was 27%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that increasing age and male gender were both strong predictors of colonic neoplasia (p < 0.001). A positive family history of a single first-degree relative with colorectal cancer was not associated with an increased prevalence of colonic neoplasia (p = 0.29), although an effect may be present if the relative was < 60 yr at diagnosis. Overall 16% of males and 7% of women > or = 60 yr had at least one adenoma that was large (> or = 1 cm in size), villous or tubulovillous, or had grade 3 dysplasia. We conclude that the prevalence of colonic neoplasia in asymptomatic persons with negative fecal occult blood tests is substantial, particularly in elderly males. A family history of a single first-degree relative diagnosed at age > or = 60 yr with colorectal cancer is not associated with an increased prevalence of colonic adenomas.
Advancement in antithrombotics for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation

The focus of this review is the evolving field of antithrombotic drug therapy for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The current standard of therapy includes warfarin, acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon which have proven efficacy by reducing stroke by 68% against placebo. However, a narrow therapeutic index, wide variation in metabolism, and numerous food and drug interactions have limited their clinical application to only 50% of the indicated population. Newer agents such as direct thrombin inhibitors, factor Xa inhibitors, factor IX inhibitors, tissue factor inhibitors and a novel vitamin K antagonist are being developed to overcome the limitations of current agents. The direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran is farthest along in development. Further clinical trial testing, and eventual incorporation into clinical practice will depend on safety, efficacy and cost. Development of a novel vitamin K antagonist with better INR control will challenge the newer mechanistic agents in their quest to replace the existing vitamin K antagonists. Till then, the large unfilled gap to replace conventional agents remains open. This review will assess all these agents, and compare their mechanism of action, stage of development and pharmacologic profile.
Shape from shading: a well-posed problem?

Shape from shading is known to be an ill-posed problem. We show in this paper that if we model the problem in a different way than it is usually done, more precisely by taking into account the 1/r/sup 2/ attenuation term of the illumination, shape from shading becomes completely well-posed. Thus the shading allows to recover (almost) any surface from only one image (of this surface) without any additional data (in particular, without the knowledge of the heights of the solution at the local intensity "minima", contrary to [P. Dupuis et al. (1994), E. Prados et al. (2004), B. Horn (1986), E. Rouy et al. (1992), R. Kimmel et al. (2001)]) and without regularity assumptions (contrary to [J. Oliensis et al. (1993), R. Kimmel et al. (1995)], for example). More precisely, we formulate the problem as that of solving a new partial differential equation (PDE), we develop a complete mathematical study of this equation and we design a new provably convergent numerical method. Finally, we present results of our new shape from shading method on various synthetic and real images.