nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of dengue research in malaysia.

Dengue infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Malaysia. To date, much research on dengue infection conducted in Malaysia have been published. One hundred and sixty six articles related to dengue in Malaysia were found from a search through a database dedicated to indexing all original data relevant to medicine published between the years 2000-2013. Ninety articles with clinical relevance and future research implications were selected and reviewed. These papers showed evidence of an exponential increase in the disease epidemic and a varying pattern of prevalent dengue serotypes at different times. The early febrile phase of dengue infection consist of an undifferentiated fever. Clinical suspicion and ability to identify patients at risk of severe dengue infection is important. Treatment of dengue infection involves judicious use of volume expander and supportive care. Potential future research areas are discussed to narrow our current knowledge gaps on dengue infection.
Affect in Web Interfaces: A Study of the Impacts of Web Page Visual Complexity and Order

We conducted two pilot studies to select the appropriate e-commerce website type and contents for the homepage stimuli. The purpose of Pilot Study 1 was to select a website category with which subjects are not familiar, for which they show neither liking nor disliking, but have some interests in browsing. Unfamiliarity with the website was required because familiarity with a certain category of website may influence perceived complexity of (Radocy and Boyle 1988) and liking for the webpage stimuli (Bornstein 1989; Zajonc 2000). We needed a website for which subjects showed neither liking nor disliking so that the manipulation of webpage stimuli in the experiment could be assumed to be the major influence on their reported emotional responses and approach tendencies. To have some degree of interest in browsing the website is necessary for subjects to engage in experiential web-browsing activities with the webpage stimuli. Based on the results of Pilot Study 1, we selected the gifts website as the context for the experimental stimuli. Then, we conducted Pilot Study 2 to identify appropriate gift items to be included in the webpage stimuli. Thirteen gift items, which were shown to elicit neutral affect in the subjects and to be of some interest to the subjects for browsing or purchase, were selected for the website.
The antitumor potential of Interleukin-27 in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is of increasing significance worldwide as a consequence of the population ageing. Fragile elderly patients may particularly benefit from noninvasive and well tolerable immunotherapeutic approaches. Preclinical studies have revealed that the immune-regulatory cytokine IL-27 may exert anti-tumor activities in a variety of tumor types without discernable toxicity. We, thus, investigated whether IL-27 may function as anti-tumor agent in human (h) PCa and analyzed the rationale for its clinical application. In vitro, IL-27 treatment significantly inhibited proliferation and reduced the angiogenic potential of hPCa cells by down-regulating the pro-angiogenesis-related genes fms-related tyrosine kinase (FLT)1, prostaglandin G/H synthase 1/cyclooxygenase-1 (PTGS1/COX-1) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)3. In addition, IL-27 up-regulated the anti-angiogenesis-related genes such as CXCL10 and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3). In vivo, IL-27 reduced proliferation and vascularization in association with ischemic necrosis of tumors developed after PC3 or DU145 cell injection in athymic nude mice. In patients' prostate tissues, IL-27R was expressed by normal epithelia and low grade PCa and lost by high tumor grade and stages. Nevertheless, IL-27R was expressed by CD11c(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) leukocytes infiltrating the tumor and draining lymph nodes. These data lead to the conclusion that i) IL-27's anti-PCa potential may be fully exploited in patients with well-differentiated, localized IL-27R positive PCa, since in this case it may act on both cancerous epithelia and the tumor microenvironment; ii) PCa patients bearing high grade and stage tumor that lack IL-27R may benefit, however, from IL-27's immune-stimulatory properties.
Distance-based Outlier Detection in Data Streams

Continuous outlier detection in data streams has important applications in fraud detection, network security, and public health. The arrival and departure of data objects in a streaming manner impose new challenges for outlier detection algorithms, especially in time and space efficiency. In the past decade, several studies have been performed to address the problem of distance-based outlier detection in data streams (DODDS), which adopts an unsupervised definition and does not have any distributional assumptions on data values. Our work is motivated by the lack of comparative evaluation among the state-of-the-art algorithms using the same datasets on the same platform. We systematically evaluate the most recent algorithms for DODDS under various stream settings and outlier rates. Our extensive results show that in most settings, the MCOD algorithm offers the superior performance among all the algorithms, including the most recent algorithm Thresh LEAP.
Mental Health Literacy, Attitudes to Help Seeking, and Perceived Need as Predictors of Mental Health Service Use: A Longitudinal Study.

Many people with mental health problems do not use mental health care, resulting in poorer clinical and social outcomes. Reasons for low service use rates are still incompletely understood. In this longitudinal, population-based study, we investigated the influence of mental health literacy, attitudes toward mental health services, and perceived need for treatment at baseline on actual service use during a 6-month follow-up period, controlling for sociodemographic variables, symptom level, and a history of lifetime mental health service use. Positive attitudes to mental health care, higher mental health literacy, and more perceived need at baseline significantly predicted use of psychotherapy during the follow-up period. Greater perceived need for treatment and better literacy at baseline were predictive of taking psychiatric medication during the following 6 months. Our findings suggest that mental health literacy, attitudes to treatment, and perceived need may be targets for interventions to increase mental health service use.
Self-aligned enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs using 25 keV fluorine ion implantation

Owing to superior physical properties such as high electron saturation velocity and high electric breakdown field, GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are capable of delivering superior performance in microwave amplifiers, high power switches, and high temperature integrated circuits (ICs). Compared to the conventional D-mode HEMTs with negative threshold voltages, enhancement-mode (E-mode) or normally-off HEMTs are desirable in these applications, for reduced circuit design complexity and fail-safe operation. Fluorine plasma treatment has been used to fabricate E-mode HEMTs , and is a robust process for the channel threshold voltage modulation. However, there is no standard equipment for this process and various groups have reported a wide range of process parameters [1–4]. In this work, we demonstrate the self-aligned enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs fabricated with a standard fluorine ion implantation. Ion implantation is widely used in semiconductor industry with well-controlled dose and precise implantation profile.
Oscillometric measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressures validated in a physiologic mathematical model

The oscillometric method of measuring blood pressure with an automated cuff yields valid estimates of mean pressure but questionable estimates of systolic and diastolic pressures. Existing algorithms are sensitive to differences in pulse pressure and artery stiffness. Some are closely guarded trade secrets. Accurate extraction of systolic and diastolic pressures from the envelope of cuff pressure oscillations remains an open problem in biomedical engineering.



A new analysis of relevant anatomy, physiology and physics reveals the mechanisms underlying the production of cuff pressure oscillations as well as a way to extract systolic and diastolic pressures from the envelope of oscillations in any individual subject. Stiffness characteristics of the compressed artery segment can be extracted from the envelope shape to create an individualized mathematical model. The model is tested with a matrix of possible systolic and diastolic pressure values, and the minimum least squares difference between observed and predicted envelope functions indicates the best fit choices of systolic and diastolic pressure within the test matrix.



The model reproduces realistic cuff pressure oscillations. The regression procedure extracts systolic and diastolic pressures accurately in the face of varying pulse pressure and arterial stiffness. The root mean squared error in extracted systolic and diastolic pressures over a range of challenging test scenarios is 0.3 mmHg.



A new algorithm based on physics and physiology allows accurate extraction of systolic and diastolic pressures from cuff pressure oscillations in a way that can be validated, criticized, and updated in the public domain.
On the convergence properties of a K-step averaging stochastic gradient descent algorithm for nonconvex optimization

We adopt and analyze a synchronous K-step averaging stochastic gradient descent algorithm which we call K-AVG for solving large scale machine learning problems. We establish the convergence results of K-AVG for nonconvex objectives. Our analysis of K-AVG applies to many existing variants of synchronous SGD. We explain why the Kstep delay is necessary and leads to better performance than traditional parallel stochastic gradient descent which is equivalent to K-AVG withK = 1. We also show that K-AVG scales better with the number of learners than asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (ASGD). Another advantage of K-AVG over ASGD is that it allows larger stepsizes and facilitates faster convergence. On a cluster of 128 GPUs, K-AVG is faster than ASGD implementations and achieves better accuracies and faster convergence for training with the CIFAR-10 dataset.
A Comprehensive Framework for Secure Query Processing on Relational Data in the Cloud

Data security in the cloud is a big concern that blocks the widespread use of the cloud for relational data management. First, to ensure data security, data confidentiality needs to be provided when data resides in storage as well as when data is dynamically accessed by queries. Prior works on query processing on encrypted data did not provide data confidentiality guarantees in both aspects. Tradeoff between secrecy and efficiency needs to be made when satisfying both aspects of data confidentiality while being suitable for practical use. Second, to support common relational data management functions, various types of queries such as exact queries, range queries, data updates, insertion and deletion should be supported. To address these issues, this paper proposes a comprehensive framework for secure and efficient query processing of relational data in the cloud. Our framework ensures data confidentiality using a salted IDA encoding scheme and column-access-via-proxy query processing primitives, and ensures query efficiency using matrix column accesses and a secure B+-tree index. In addition, our framework provides data availability and integrity. We establish the security of our proposal by a detailed security analysis and demonstrate the query efficiency of our proposal through an experimental evaluation.
Prospective Derivation of a Living Organoid Biobank of Colorectal Cancer Patients

In Rspondin-based 3D cultures, Lgr5 stem cells from multiple organs form ever-expanding epithelial organoids that retain their tissue identity. We report the establishment of tumor organoid cultures from 20 consecutive colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients. For most, organoids were also generated from adjacent normal tissue. Organoids closely recapitulate several properties of the original tumor. The spectrum of genetic changes within the "living biobank" agrees well with previous large-scale mutational analyses of CRC. Gene expression analysis indicates that the major CRC molecular subtypes are represented. Tumor organoids are amenable to high-throughput drug screens allowing detection of gene-drug associations. As an example, a single organoid culture was exquisitely sensitive to Wnt secretion (porcupine) inhibitors and carried a mutation in the negative Wnt feedback regulator RNF43, rather than in APC. Organoid technology may fill the gap between cancer genetics and patient trials, complement cell-line- and xenograft-based drug studies, and allow personalized therapy design. PAPERCLIP.
The Forms of Bullying Scale (FBS): validity and reliability estimates for a measure of bullying victimization and perpetration in adolescence.

The study of bullying behavior and its consequences for young people depends on valid and reliable measurement of bullying victimization and perpetration. Although numerous self-report bullying-related measures have been developed, robust evidence of their psychometric properties is scant, and several limitations inhibit their applicability. The Forms of Bullying Scale (FBS), with versions to measure bullying victimization (FBS-V) and perpetration (FBS-P), was developed on the basis of existing instruments, for use with 12- to 15-year-old adolescents to economically, yet comprehensively measure both bullying perpetration and victimization. Measurement properties were estimated. Scale validity was tested using data from 2 independent studies of 3,496 Grade 8 and 783 Grade 8-10 students, respectively. Construct validity of scores on the FBS was shown in confirmatory factor analysis. The factor structure was not invariant across gender. Strong associations between the FBS-V and FBS-P and separate single-item bullying items demonstrated adequate concurrent validity. Correlations, in directions as expected with social-emotional outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, conduct problems, and peer support), provided robust evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Responses to the FBS items were found to be valid and concurrently reliable measures of self-reported frequency of bullying victimization and perpetration, as well as being useful to measure involvement in the different forms of bullying behaviors.
Coherent noise for non-photorealistic rendering

A wide variety of non-photorealistic rendering techniques make use of random variation in the placement or appearance of primitives. In order to avoid the "shower-door" effect, this random variation should move with the objects in the scene. Here we present coherent noise tailored to this purpose. We compute the coherent noise with a specialized filter that uses the depth and velocity fields of a source sequence. The computation is fast and suitable for interactive applications like games.
Explaining the relation between birth order and intelligence.

Negative associations between birth order and intelligence level have been found in numerous studies. The explanation for this relation is not clear, and several hypotheses have been suggested. One family of hypotheses suggests that the relation is due to more-favorable family interaction and stimulation of low-birth-order children, whereas others claim that the effect is caused by prenatal gestational factors. We show that intelligence quotient (IQ) score levels among nearly 250,000 military conscripts were dependent on social rank in the family and not on birth order as such, providing support for a family interaction explanation.
Randomized controlled trial of abductor muscle damage in relation to the surgical approach for primary total hip replacement: minimally invasive anterolateral versus modified direct lateral approach

Minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) is claimed to be superior to the standard technique, due to the potential reduction of soft tissue damage via a smaller and tissue-sparing approach. As a result of the lack of objective evidence of fewer muscle and tendon defects, controversy still remains as to whether minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty truly minimizes muscle and tendon damage. Therefore, the objective was to compare the influence of the surgical approach on abductor muscle trauma and to analyze the relevance to postoperative pain and functional recovery. Between June 2006 and July 2007, 44 patients with primary hip arthritis were prospectively included in the study protocol. Patients underwent cementless unilateral total hip arthroplasty either through a minimally invasive anterolateral approach (ALMI) (n = 21) or a modified direct lateral approach (mDL) (n = 16). Patients were evaluated clinically and underwent MR imaging preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Clinical assessment contained clinical examination, performance of abduction test and the survey of a function score using the Harris Hip Score, a pain score using a numeric rating scale (NRS) of 0–10, as well as a satisfaction score using an NRS of 1–6. Additionally, myoglobin and creatine kinase were measured preoperatively, and 6, 24 and 96 h postoperatively. Evaluation of the MRI images included fatty atrophy (rating scale 0–4), tendon defects (present/absent) and bursal fluid collection of the abductor muscle. Muscle and tendon damage occurred in both groups, but more lateral gluteus medius tendon defects [mDL 3/12mth.: 6 (37%)/4 (25%); ALMI: 3 (14%)/2 (9%)] and muscle atrophy in the anterior part of the gluteus medius [mean-standard (12): 1.75 ± 1.8; mean-MIS (12): 0.98 ± 1.1] were found in patients with the mDL approach. The clinical outcome was also poorer compared to the ALMI group. Significantly, more Trendelenburg’s signs were evident and lower clinical scores were achieved in the mDL group. No differences in muscle and tendon damage were found for the gluteus minimus muscle. A higher serum myoglobin concentration was measured 6 and 24 h postoperatively in the mDL group (6 h: 403 ± 168 μg/l; 24 h: 304 ± 182 μg/l) compared to the ALMI group (6 h: 331 ± 143 μg/l; 24 h: 268 ± 145 μg/l). Abductor muscle and tendon damage occurred in both approaches, but the gluteus medius muscle can be spared more successfully via the minimally invasive approach and is accompanied by a better clinical outcome. Therefore, going through the intermuscular plane, without any detachment or dissection of muscle and tendons, truly minimizes perioperative soft tissue trauma. Furthermore, MRI emerges as an important imaging modality in the evaluation of muscle trauma in THA.
The effect of Twitter on college student engagement and grades

Despite the widespread use of social media by students and its increased use by instructors, very little empirical evidence is available concerning the impact of social media use on student learning and engagement. This paper describes our semester-long experimental study to determine if using Twitter – the microblogging and social networking platform most amenable to ongoing, public dialogue – for educationally relevant purposes can impact college student engagement and grades. A total of 125 students taking a first year seminar course for pre-health professional majors participated in this study (70 in the experimental group and 55 in the control group). With the experimental group, Twitter was used for various types of academic and co-curricular discussions. Engagement was quantified by using a 19-item scale based on the National Survey of Student Engagement. To assess differences in engagement and grades, we used mixed effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) models, with class sections nested within treatment groups. We also conducted content analyses of samples of Twitter exchanges. The ANOVA results showed that the experimental group had a significantly greater increase in engagement than the control group, as well as higher semester grade point averages. Analyses of Twitter communications showed that students and faculty were both highly engaged in the learning process in ways that transcended traditional classroom activities. This study provides experimental evidence that Twitter can be used as an educational tool to help engage students and to mobilize faculty into a more active and participatory role.
S3D: Stacking Segmental P3D for Action Quality Assessment

Action quality assessment is crucial in areas of sports, surgery and assembly line where action skills can be evaluated. In this paper, we propose the Segment-based P3D-fused network S3D built-upon ED-TCN and push the performance on the UNLV-Dive dataset by a significant margin. We verify that segment-aware training performs better than full-video training which turns out to focus on the water spray. We show that temporal segmentation can be embedded with few efforts.
SPECTRE: Seedless Network Alignment via Spectral Centralities

Network alignment consists of finding a correspondence between the nodes of two networks. From aligning proteins in computational biology, to de-anonymization of social networks, to recognition tasks in computer vision, this problem has applications in many diverse areas. The current approaches to network alignment mostly focus on the case where prior information is available, either in the form of a seed set of correctly-matched nodes or attributes on the nodes and/or edges. Moreover, those approaches which assume no such prior information tend to be computationally expensive and do not scale to large-scale networks. However, many real-world networks are very large in size, and prior information can be expensive, if not impossible, to obtain. In this paper we introduce SPECTRE, a scalable, accurate algorithm able to solve the network alignment problem with no prior information. SPECTRE makes use of spectral centrality measures and percolation techniques to robustly align nodes across networks, even if those networks exhibit only moderate correlation. Through extensive numerical experiments, we show that SPECTRE is able to recover high-accuracy alignments on both synthetic and real-world networks, and outperforms other algorithms in the seedless case.
Ultrathin chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel films for corneal tissue engineering.

Due to the high demand for donor corneas and their low supply, autologous corneal endothelial cell (CEC) culture and transplantation for treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction would be highly desirable. Many studies have shown the possibility of culturing CECs in vitro, but lack potential robust substrates for transplantation into the cornea. In this study, we investigate the properties of novel ultrathin chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel films (CPHFs) for corneal tissue engineering applications. Cross-linking of chitosan films with diepoxy-PEG and cystamine was employed to prepare ~50 μm (hydrated) hydrogel films. Through variation of the PEG content (1.5-5.9 wt.%) it was possible to tailor the CPHFs to have tensile strains and ultimate stresses identical to or greater than those of human corneal tissue while retaining similar tensile moduli. Light transmission measurements in the visible spectrum (400-700 nm) revealed that the films were >95% optically transparent, above that of the human cornea (maximum ~90%), whilst in vitro degradation studies with lysozyme revealed that the CPHFs maintained the biodegradable characteristics of chitosan. Cell culture studies demonstrated the ability of the CPHFs to support the attachment and proliferation of sheep CECs. Ex vivo surgical trials on ovine eyes demonstrated that the CPHFs displayed excellent characteristics for physical manipulation and implantation purposes. The ultrathin CPHFs display desirable mechanical, optical and degradation properties whilst allowing attachment and proliferation of ovine CECs, and as such are attractive candidates for the regeneration and transplantation of CECs, as well as other corneal tissue engineering applications.