nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A reflective learning report about the implementation and impacts of Psychological First Aid (PFA) in Gaza

First Aid (PFA) is the recommended immediate psychosocial response during crises. As PFA is now widely implemented in crises worldwide, there are increasing calls to evaluate its effectiveness. World Vision used PFA as a fundamental component of their emergency response following the 2014 conflict in Gaza. Anecdotal reports from Gaza suggest a range of benefits for those who received PFA. Though not intending to undertake rigorous research, World Vision explored learnings about PFA in Gaza through Focus Group Discussions with PFA providers, Gazan women, men and children and a Key Informant Interview with a PFA trainer. The qualitative analyses aimed to determine if PFA helped individuals to feel safe, calm, connected to social supports, hopeful and efficacious - factors suggested by the disaster literature to promote coping and recovery (Hobfoll et al., 2007). Results show positive psychosocial benefits for children, women and men receiving PFA, confirming that PFA contributed to: safety, reduced distress, ability to engage in calming practices and to support each other, and a greater sense of control and hopefulness irrespective of their adverse circumstances. The data shows that PFA formed an important part of a continuum of care to meet psychosocial needs in Gaza and served as a gateway for addressing additional psychosocial support needs. A "whole-of-family" approach to PFA showed particularly strong impacts and strengthened relationships. Of note, the findings from World Vision's implementation of PFA in Gaza suggests that future PFA research go beyond a narrow focus on clinical outcomes, to a wider examination of psychosocial, familial and community-based outcomes.
A Vision Based Method for Automatic Evaluation of Germination Rate of Rice Seeds

Rice is one of the most cultivated cereal in Asian countries and Vietnam in particular. Good seed germination is important for rice seed quality, that impacts the rice production and crop yield. Currently, seed germination evaluation is carried out manually by experienced persons. This is a tedious and time-consuming task. In this paper, we present a system for automatic evaluation of rice seed germination rate based on advanced techniques in computer vision and machine learning. We propose to use U-Net - a convolutional neural network - for segmentation and separation of rice seeds. Further processing such as computing distance transform and thresholding will be applied on the segmented regions for rice seed detection. Finally, ResNet is utilized to classify segmented rice seed regions into two classes: germinated and non- germinated seeds. Our contributions in this paper are three-fold. Firstly, we propose a framework which confirms that convolutional neural networks are better than traditional methods for both segmentation and classification tasks (with F1- scores of 93.38\% and 95.66\% respectively). Secondly, we deploy successfully the automatic tool in a real application for estimating rice germination rate. Finally, we introduce a new dataset of 1276 images of rice seeds from 7 to 8 seed varieties germinated during 6 to 10 days. This dataset is publicly available for research purpose.
Effect of Low-Fat vs Low-Carbohydrate Diet on 12-Month Weight Loss in Overweight Adults and the Association With Genotype Pattern or Insulin Secretion: The DIETFITS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Dietary modification remains key to successful weight loss. Yet, no one dietary strategy is consistently superior to others for the general population. Previous research suggests genotype or insulin-glucose dynamics may modify the effects of diets.



To determine the effect of a healthy low-fat (HLF) diet vs a healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet on weight change and if genotype pattern or insulin secretion are related to the dietary effects on weight loss.



The Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) randomized clinical trial included 609 adults aged 18 to 50 years without diabetes with a body mass index between 28 and 40. The trial enrollment was from January 29, 2013, through April 14, 2015; the date of final follow-up was May 16, 2016. Participants were randomized to the 12-month HLF or HLC diet. The study also tested whether 3 single-nucleotide polymorphism multilocus genotype responsiveness patterns or insulin secretion (INS-30; blood concentration of insulin 30 minutes after a glucose challenge) were associated with weight loss.



Health educators delivered the behavior modification intervention to HLF (n = 305) and HLC (n = 304) participants via 22 diet-specific small group sessions administered over 12 months. The sessions focused on ways to achieve the lowest fat or carbohydrate intake that could be maintained long-term and emphasized diet quality.



Primary outcome was 12-month weight change and determination of whether there were significant interactions among diet type and genotype pattern, diet and insulin secretion, and diet and weight loss.



Among 609 participants randomized (mean age, 40 [SD, 7] years; 57% women; mean body mass index, 33 [SD, 3]; 244 [40%] had a low-fat genotype; 180 [30%] had a low-carbohydrate genotype; mean baseline INS-30, 93 μIU/mL), 481 (79%) completed the trial. In the HLF vs HLC diets, respectively, the mean 12-month macronutrient distributions were 48% vs 30% for carbohydrates, 29% vs 45% for fat, and 21% vs 23% for protein. Weight change at 12 months was -5.3 kg for the HLF diet vs -6.0 kg for the HLC diet (mean between-group difference, 0.7 kg [95% CI, -0.2 to 1.6 kg]). There was no significant diet-genotype pattern interaction (P = .20) or diet-insulin secretion (INS-30) interaction (P = .47) with 12-month weight loss. There were 18 adverse events or serious adverse events that were evenly distributed across the 2 diet groups.



In this 12-month weight loss diet study, there was no significant difference in weight change between a healthy low-fat diet vs a healthy low-carbohydrate diet, and neither genotype pattern nor baseline insulin secretion was associated with the dietary effects on weight loss. In the context of these 2 common weight loss diet approaches, neither of the 2 hypothesized predisposing factors was helpful in identifying which diet was better for whom.
Implications of the uncanny valley of avatars and virtual characters for human-computer interaction

Technological innovations made it possible to create more and more realistic figures. Such figures are often created according to human appearance and behavior allowing interaction with artificial systems in a natural and familiar way. In 1970, the Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori observed, however, that robots and prostheses with a very – but not perfect – human-like appearance can elicit eerie, uncomfortable, and even repulsive feelings. While real people or stylized figures do not seem to evoke such negative feelings, human depictions with only minor imperfections fall into the “uncanny valley,” as Mori put it. Today, further innovations in computer graphics led virtual characters into the uncanny valley. Thus, they have been subject of a number of disciplines. For research, virtual characters created by computer graphics are particularly interesting as they are easy to manipulate and, thus, can significantly contribute to a better understanding of the uncanny valley and human perception. For designers and developers of virtual characters such as in animated movies or games, it is important to understand how the appearance and human-likeness or virtual realism influence the experience and interaction of the user and how they can create believable and acceptable avatars and virtual characters despite the uncanny valley. This work investigates these aspects and is the next step in the exploration of the uncanny valley.
Explainable Sentiment Analysis with Applications in Medicine

Sentiment Analysis can help to extract knowledge related to opinions and emotions from user generated text information. It can be applied in medical field for patients monitoring purposes. With the availability of large datasets, deep learning algorithms have become a state of the art also for sentiment analysis. However, deep models have the drawback of not being non human-interpretable, raising various problems related to model’s interpretability. Very few work have been proposed to build models that explain their decision making process and actions. In this work, we review the current sentiment analysis approaches and existing explainable systems. Moreover, we present a critical review of explainable sentiment analysis models and discussed the insight of applying explainable sentiment analysis in the medical field.
Real-Time Feature-Based Video Stabilization on FPGA

Digital video stabilization is an important video enhancement technology that aims to remove unwanted camera vibrations from video sequences. Trading off between stabilization performance and real-time hardware implementation feasibility, this paper presents a feature-based full-frame video stabilization method and a novel complete fully pipelined architectural design to implement it on field-programmable gate array (FPGA). In the proposed method, feature points are first extracted with the oriented features from accelerated segment test and rotated binary robust independent elementary features algorithm and matched between consecutive frames. Next, the matched point pairs are fitted to the affine transformation model using a random-sample consensus-based approach to estimate inter-frame motion robustly. Then, the estimated results are accumulated to compute the cumulative motion parameters between the current and reference frames, and the translational components are smoothed by a Kalman filter representing intentional camera movement. Finally, a mosaicked image is constructed based on cumulative motion parameters using an image mosaicking technique, and then a display window is created with the desired frame size according to the computed intentional camera movement to obtain a full motion-compensated frame. Using pipelining and parallel processing strategies, the whole process has been designed using a novel complete fully pipelined architecture and implemented on Altera’s Cyclone III FPGA to build a real-time stabilization system. The experimental results have shown that the proposed system can deal with standard PAL video input including arbitrate translation and rotation and can produce full-frame stabilized output providing a better viewing experience at 22.37 ms/frame, thus achieving real-time processing performance.
The fetal cerebellum: development and common malformations.

The cerebellum undergoes a protracted development, making it particularly vulnerable to a broad spectrum of developmental events. Acquired destructive and hemorrhagic insults may also occur. The main steps of cerebellar development are reviewed. The normal imaging patterns of the cerebellum in prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are described with emphasis on the limitations of these modalities. Because of confusion in the literature regarding the terminology used for cerebellar malformations, some terms (agenesis, hypoplasia, dysplasia, and atrophy) are clarified. Three main pathologic settings are considered and the main diagnoses that can be suggested are described: retrocerebellar fluid enlargement with normal or abnormal biometry (Dandy-Walker malformation, Blake pouch cyst, vermian agenesis), partially or globally decreased cerebellar biometry (cerebellar hypoplasia, agenesis, rhombencephalosynapsis, ischemic and/or hemorrhagic damage), partially or globally abnormal cerebellar echogenicity (ischemic and/or hemorrhagic damage, cerebellar dysplasia, capillary telangiectasia). The appropriate timing for performing MRI is also discussed.
The Security Evaluation of Time Stamping Schemes : The Present Situation and Studies Masashi UNE *

Time stamping is a technique used to prove the existence of certain digital data prior to a specific point in time. With the recent development of electronic commerce, time stamping is now widely recognized as an important technique used to ensure the integrity of digital data for a long time period. Various time stamping schemes and services have been proposed. When one uses a certain time stamping service, he should confirm in advance that its security level sufficiently meets his security requirements. However, time stamping schemes are generally so complicated that it is not easy to evaluate their security levels accurately. It is important for users to have a good grasp of current studies of time stamping schemes and to make use of such studies to select an appropriate time stamping service. Une and Matsumoto [2000], [2001a], [2001b] and [2002] have proposed a method of classifying time stamping schemes and evaluating their security systematically. Their papers have clarified the objectives, functions and entities involved in time stamping schemes and have discussed the conditions sufficient to detect the alteration of a time stamp in each scheme. This paper explains existing problems regarding the security evaluation of time stamping schemes and the results of Une and Matsumoto [2000], [2001a], [2001b] and [2002]. It also applies their results to some existing time stamping schemes and indicates possible directions of further research into time stamping schemes.
Visibility of mandibular anatomical landmarks in panoramic radiography: A retrospective study

To determine the frequency, visibility and gender variations of mental foramen (foramen mentale), incisive canal, anterior loop of mental nerve, and mandibular canal (canal mandibulaire) in different age groups.  The study was done in 179 orthopantomograms (OPG) which were taken using Digital Orthophos XG machine. The anatomical landmarks such as mandibular canal, mental foramen, anterior loop of mental nerve, and incisive canal were analyzed in the radiographs and scores were recorded.  According to a sample size of 179, the mandibular canal was visible in 98%. In 16% of the cases, with 14% poor perceptibility anterior looping of the mental nerve was visible. The mental foramen showed good visibility in 51%. In 23% of the cases, the incisive canal was observed. Chi-square test was done which showed the statistical difference with a P < 0.05 existed between appearance of mandibular canal and age and difference in P values in males and females in their visibility based on the sample size.  Panoramic radiographs provided sufficient information for mental foramen and mandibular canal. But for better visualization, detection of structures in between for aminal region and for performing surgery for implant placement in this region it may require to be replaced with three-dimensional imaging like cone-beam computed tomography.
Drug-induced renal Fanconi syndrome.

A number of therapeutic drugs are toxic to the kidney proximal tubule (PT) and can cause the renal Fanconi syndrome (FS). The most frequently implicated drugs are cisplatin, ifosfamide, tenofovir, sodium valproate and aminoglycoside antibiotics, and the new oral iron chelator deferasirox has also recently been associated with FS. The incidence of full or partial FS is almost certainly under-estimated due to a lack of appropriate systematic studies, variations in definitions of tubular dysfunction and under-reporting of adverse events. The clinical features of FS are amino aciduria, low molecular weight proteinuria, hypophosphataemia, metabolic acidosis and glycosuria. The most serious complications are bone demineralization from urinary phosphate wasting and progressive decline in kidney function. Commonly used tests for kidney function such as estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin/creatinine ratio are not sensitive markers of PT toxicity; patients at risk should thus be monitored with more appropriate tests, and drugs should be stopped or reduced in dose if toxicity occurs. Substantial recovery of PT function can occur after withdrawal of therapy, but this can take months and chronic damage may persist in some cases.
Augmented Reality in Aerospace Manufacturing : A Review

This paper reviews the applications of Augmented Reality with an emphasis on aerospace manufacturing processes. A contextual overview of Lean Manufacturing, aerospace industry, Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) is provided. Many AR applications are provided to show that AR can be used in different fields of endeavor with different focuses. This paper shows two case studies in aerospace industries, presenting different forms of AR use in aerospace manufacturing processes to demonstrate the benefits and advantages that can be reached. It is concluded showing that gains of labor qualification, training costs reduction, inspection system and productivity of the business can be provided by the use of AR.
Solar wireless power transfer using inductive coupling for mobile phone charger

A wireless power transfer (WPT) using inductive coupling for mobile phone charger is studied. The project is offer to study and fabricate solar WPT using inductive coupling for mobile phone charger that will give more information about distance is effect for WPT performance and WPT is not much influenced by the presence of hands, books and types of plastics. The components used to build wireless power transfer can be divided into 3 parts components, the transceiver for power transmission, the inductive coils in this case as the antenna, receiver and the rectifier which act convert AC to DC. Experiments have been conducted and the wireless power transfer using inductive coupling is suitable to be implemented for mobile phone charger.
Food Security During Infancy: Implications for Attachment and Mental Proficiency in Toddlerhood

This study examined the associations between household food security (access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food) during infancy and attachment and mental proficiency in toddlerhood.  Data from a longitudinal nationally representative sample of infants and toddlers (n = 8944) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—9-month (2001–2002) and 24-month (2003–2004) surveys were used. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect associations between food insecurity at 9 months, and attachment and mental proficiency at 24 months.  Food insecurity worked indirectly through depression and parenting practices to influence security of attachment and mental proficiency in toddlerhood.  Social policies that address the adequacy and predictability of food supplies in families with infants have the potential to affect parental depression and parenting behavior, and thereby attachment and cognitive development at very early ages.
Tribot: A deployable, self-righting and multi-locomotive origami robot

There are several challenges in down-sizing robots for transportation deployment, diversification of locomotion capabilities tuned for various terrains, and rapid and on-demand manufacturing. In this paper we propose an origami-inspired method of addressing these key issues by designing and manufacturing a foldable, deployable, and self-righting version of the origami robot Tribot. Our latest Tribot prototype can jump as high as 215 mm, five times its height, and roll consecutively on any of its edges with an average step size of 55 mm. The 4 g robot self-deploys nine times of its size when released. A compliant roll cage ensures that the robot self-rights onto two legs after jumping or being deployed and also protects the robot from impacts. A description of our prototype and its design, locomotion modes, and fabrication is followed by demonstrations of its key features.
PIC Microcontroller Based Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using Single Phase Supply

In past few decades, development in the area power electronics which increases the demand for high performance industrial applications has contributed to rapid developments in digital motor control. High efficiency, reduced noise, extended reliability at optimum cost is the challenge facing by many industries which uses the electric motors. Now days, the demand of electronic motor control is increases rapidly, not only in the area of automotive, computer peripherals, but also in industrial, electrical applications. All these applications need cost-effective solutions without compromising reliability. The purpose of this system is to design, simulate and implement the most feasible motor control for use in industrial and electrical applications. The proposed design describes the designing and development of a three phase induction motor drive with speed sensing. It is based on PIC18F4431 microcontroller which is dedicated for motor control applications. The designed drive is a low cost motor control drive used for medium power three phase induction motor and is targeted for industrial and electric appliances e.g. washing machines, compressors, air conditioning units, electric pumps and some simple industrial drives. The designed motor drive has another advantage that it would converts single phase into three phases supply where three phase motors are operated on a single phase supply. So it is the best option for those applications where three phase supply is not available. In such applications, three phase motors are preferred because they are efficient, economical and require less severe starting current. This paper deals with PWM technique used for speed control of three phase induction motor using single phase supply with PIC microcontroller. The implemented system converts a single phase AC input into high DC. The high DC is converted into three phase AC voltage by using inverter circuit. The desired AC voltage can be obtained by changing the switching time of MOSFET’s using PWM signals. These PWM signals are generated by the PIC microcontroller. Different PWM schemes are used for firing 1. Ph.D. student, Department of Electronics, Shankarrao Mohite Mahavidyalaya, Akluj, Solapur. bnjamadar@yahoo.co.in 2. Department of Electronics, Willingdon College, Sangli. srkumbhar@yahoo.co.in 3. Department of Electronics, D.B.F. Dayanand College of Arts and Science, Solapur. dssutrave@gmail.com of MOSFET’s and harmonic profiles are recorded through simulation. Out of them, best PWM firing scheme is used for the better efficiency. Speed variation of the induction motor is then recorded by changing duty cycle of the firing pulse of an inverter.
A topologically robust algorithm for Boolean operations on polyhedral shapes using approximate arithmetic

We present a topologically robust algorithm for Boolean operations on polyhedral boundary models. The algorithm can be proved always to generate a result with valid connectivity if the input shape representations have valid connectivity, irrespective of the type of arithmetic used or the extent of numerical errors in the computations or input data. The main part of the algorithm is based on a series of interdependent operations. The relationship between these operations ensures a consistency in the intermediate results that guarantees correct connectivity in the final result. Either a triangle mesh or polygon mesh can be used. Although the basic algorithm may generate geometric artifacts, principally gaps and slivers, a data smoothing post-process can be applied to the result to remove such artifacts, thereby making the combined process a practical and reliable way of performing Boolean operations.