nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Hatching Success as a Function of the Microbial Abundance in Nest Sand at Ostional, Costa Rica

Several studies have suggested that significant embryo mortality is caused by microbes, while high microbial loads are generated by the decomposition of eggs broken by later nesting turtles. This occurs commonly when nesting density is high, especially during mass nesting events (arribadas). However, no previous research has directly quantified microbial abundance and the associated effects on sea turtle hatching success at a nesting beach. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the microbial abundance in olive ridley sea turtle nest sand affects the hatching success at Ostional, Costa Rica. We applied experimental treatments to alter the microbial abundance within the sand into which nests were relocated. We monitored temperature, oxygen, and organic matter content throughout the incubation period and quantified the microbial abundance within the nest sand using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) molecular analysis. The most successful treatment in increasing hatching success was the removal and replacement of nest sand. We found a negative correlation between hatching success and fungal abundance (fungal 18S rRNA gene copies g(-1) nest sand). Of secondary importance in determining hatching success was the abundance of bacteria (bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies g(-1) g(-1) nest sand). Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that high microbial activity is responsible for the lower hatching success observed at Ostional beach. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism appears to be the deprivation of oxygen and exposure to higher temperatures resulting from microbial decomposition in the nest.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CEFEPIME HCl AND TAZOBACTAM SODIUM IN INJECTION DOSAGE FORM BY USING RP-HPLC

A Simple, rapid, specific and sensitive High PerformanceLiqidChromatographic method was developed for the “SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION Of CEFEPIMEHClAND TAZOBACTAM SODIUM IN INJECTION DOSAGE FORM BY USING RP-HPLC”. Chromatographic was achieved on Inertsil-ODS C18 column (250mm*4.6mm, i.d.5 Microns) at ambient temperature using a binary mixture of ACN and Potassium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate as a mobile phase adjusted to pH 3.0 with Orthophoshoric acid in the ratio 40: 60 v/v was delivered through a column at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Measurement was performed at a wavelength of 226nm. The developed method was linear over the concentration range of 60-140μg/ml (r= 0.998) forCefepimeHCland 7.5-17.5 μg/ml (r= 0.991) for Tazobactam Sodium. Thepercentage recovery found to be 99.93% for Cefepime and 101.28% for Tazobactam, The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity andrhobustness as per ICH Q2R1guidelines.
Recent advances in differential evolution: a survey and experimental analysis

Differential Evolution (DE) is a simple and efficient optimizer, especially for continuous optimization. For these reasons DE has often been employed for solving various engineering problems. On the other hand, the DE structure has some limitations in the search logic, since it contains too narrow a set of exploration moves. This fact has inspired many computer scientists to improve upon DE by proposing modifications to the original algorithm. This paper presents a survey on DE and its recent advances. A classification, into two macro-groups, of the DE modifications is proposed here: (1) algorithms which integrate additional components within the DE structure, (2) algorithms which employ a modified DE structure. For each macro-group, four algorithms representative of the state-of-the-art in DE, have been selected for an in depth description of their working principles. In order to compare their performance, these eight algorithm have been tested on a set of benchmark problems. Experiments have been repeated for a (relatively) low dimensional case and a (relatively) high dimensional case. The working principles, differences and similarities of these recently proposed DE-based algorithms have also been highlighted throughout the paper. Although within both macro-groups, it is unclear whether there is a superiority of one algorithm with respect to the others, some conclusions can be drawn. At first, in order to improve upon the DE performance a modification which includes some additional and alternative search moves integrating those contained in a standard DE is necessary. These extra moves should assist the DE framework in detecting new promising search directions to be used by DE. Thus, a limited employment of these alternative moves appears to be the best option in successfully assisting DE. The successful extra moves are obtained in two ways: an increase in the exploitative pressure and the introduction of some randomization. This randomization should not be excessive though, since it would jeopardize the search. A proper increase in the randomization is crucial for obtaining significant improvements in the DE functioning. Numerical results show that, among the algorithms considered in this study, the most efficient additional components in a DE framework appear to be the population size reduction and the scale factor local search. Regarding the modified DE structures, the global and local neighborhood search and self-adaptive control parameter scheme, recently proposed in literature, seem to be the most promising modifications.
Comparison of Object Detection Algorithms on Maritime Vessels

This manuscript conducts a comparison on modern object detection systems in their ability to detect multiple maritime vessel classes. Three highly scoring algorithms from the Pascal VOC Challenge, Histogram of Oriented Gradients by Dalal and Triggs, Exemplar-SVM by Malisiewicz, and Latent-SVM with Deformable Part Models by Felzenszwalb, were compared to determine performance of recognition within a specific category rather than the general classes from the original challenge. In all cases, the histogram of oriented edges was used as the feature set and support vector machines were used for classification. A summary and comparison of the learning algorithms is presented and a new image corpus of maritime vessels was collected. Precision-recall results show improved recognition performance is achieved when accounting for vessel pose. In particular, the deformable part model has the best performance when considering the various components of a maritime vessel.
Linked hypernyms: Enriching DBpedia with Targeted Hypernym Discovery

The Linked Hypernyms Dataset (LHD) provides entities described by Dutch, English and German Wikipedia articles with types in the DBpedia namespace. The types are extracted from the first sentences of Wikipedia articles using Hearst pattern matching over part-of-speech annotated text and disambiguated to DBpedia concepts. The dataset covers 1.3 million RDF type triples from English Wikipedia, out of which 1 million RDF type triples were found not to overlap with DBpedia, and 0.4 million with YAGO2s. There are about 770 thousand German and 650 thousand Dutch Wikipedia entities assigned a novel type, which exceeds the number of entities in the localized DBpedia for the respective language. RDF type triples from the German dataset have been incorporated to the German DBpedia. Quality assessment was performed altogether based on 16.500 human ratings and annotations. For the English dataset, the average accuracy is 0.86, for German 0.77 and for Dutch 0.88. The accuracy of raw plain text hypernyms exceeds 0.90 for all languages. The LHD release described and evaluated in this article targets DBpedia 3.8, LHD version for the DBpedia 3.9 containing approximately 4.5 million RDF type triples is also available.
Intercellular Nanotubes Mediate Bacterial Communication

Bacteria are known to communicate primarily via secreted extracellular factors. Here we identify a previously uncharacterized type of bacterial communication mediated by nanotubes that bridge neighboring cells. Using Bacillus subtilis as a model organism, we visualized transfer of cytoplasmic fluorescent molecules between adjacent cells. Additionally, by coculturing strains harboring different antibiotic resistance genes, we demonstrated that molecular exchange enables cells to transiently acquire nonhereditary resistance. Furthermore, nonconjugative plasmids could be transferred from one cell to another, thereby conferring hereditary features to recipient cells. Electron microscopy revealed the existence of variously sized tubular extensions bridging neighboring cells, serving as a route for exchange of intracellular molecules. These nanotubes also formed in an interspecies manner, between B. subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and even between B. subtilis and the evolutionary distant bacterium Escherichia coli. We propose that nanotubes represent a major form of bacterial communication in nature, providing a network for exchange of cellular molecules within and between species.
An Improved Pole-and-Knife Method of Harvesting Oil Palms

A modified pole-and-and-knife (MPK) method of harvesting oil palms was designed and fabricated. The method was tested along with two existing methods, namely the bamboo pole-and-knife (BPK) and the single rope-and-cutlass (SRC) methods. Test results showed that the MPK method was superior to the other methods in reducing the time spent in searching for and collecting scattered loose fruits (and hence the harvesting time), increasing the recovery of scattered loose fruits, eliminating the waist problem of the fruit collectors and increasing the ease of transportation and use of the harvesting pole.
Identifying Distinctive Subsequences in Multivariate Time Series by Clustering

Most time series comparison algorithms attempt to discover what the members of a set of time series have in common. We investigate a di erent problem, determining what distinguishes time series in that set from other time series obtained from the same source. In both cases the goal is to identify shared patterns, though in the latter case those patterns must be distinctive as well. An e cient incremental algorithm for identifying distinctive subsequences in multivariate, real-valued time series is described and evaluated with data from two very di erent sources: the response of a set of bandpass lters to human speech and the sensors of a mobile robot. Reference Number: 357
Adult Onset Still's Disease: A Review on Diagnostic Workup and Treatment Options.

Adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology and pathogenesis that presents in 5 to 10% of patients as fever of unknown origin (FUO) accompanied by systemic manifestations. We report an interesting case of a 33-year-old African-American male who presented with one-month duration of FUO along with skin rash, sore throat, and arthralgia. After extensive workup, potential differential diagnoses were ruled out and the patient was diagnosed with AOSD based on the Yamaguchi criteria. The case history, incidence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, differential diagnoses, diagnostic workup, treatment modalities, and prognosis of AOSD are discussed in this case report.
Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers

The lower immunogenicity of synthetic subunit antigens, compared to live attenuated vaccines, is being addressed with improved vaccine carriers. Recent reports indicate that the physio-chemical properties of these carriers can be altered to achieve optimal antigen presentation, endosomal escape, particle bio-distribution, and cellular trafficking. The carriers can be modified with various antigens and ligands for dendritic cells targeting. They can also be modified with adjuvants, either covalently or entrapped in the matrix, to improve cellular and humoral immune responses against the antigen. As a result, these multi-functional carrier systems are being explored for use in active immunotherapy against cancer and infectious diseases. Advancing technology, improved analytical methods, and use of computational methodology have also contributed to the development of subunit vaccine carriers. This review details recent breakthroughs in the design of nano-particulate vaccine carriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles.
Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids: impact of technology advancement on ablation volumes in 115 patients.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the advanced technology of the new ExAblate 2100 system (Insightec Ltd, Haifa, Israel) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided focused ultrasound surgery on treatment outcomes in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids, as measured by the nonperfused volume ratio.



This is a retrospective analysis of 115 women (mean age, 42 years; range, 27-54 years) with symptomatic fibroids who consecutively underwent MRI-guided focused ultrasound treatment in a single center with the new generation ExAblate 2100 system from November 2010 to June 2011. Mean ± SD total volume and number of treated fibroids (per patient) were 89 ± 94 cm and 2.2 ± 1.7, respectively. Patient baseline characteristics were analyzed regarding their impact on the resulting nonperfused volume ratio.



Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound treatment was technically successful in 115 of 123 patients (93.5%). In 8 patients, treatment was not possible because of bowel loops in the beam pathway that could not be mitigated (n = 6), patient movement (n = 1), and system malfunction (n = 1). Mean nonperfused volume ratio was 88% ± 15% (range, 38%-100%). Mean applied energy level was 5400 ± 1200 J, and mean number of sonications was 74 ± 27. No major complications occurred. Two cases of first-degree skin burn resolved within 1 week after the intervention. Of the baseline characteristics analyzed, only the planned treatment volume had a statistically significant impact on nonperfused volume ratio.



With technological advancement, the outcome of MRI-guided focused ultrasound treatment in terms of the nonperfused volume ratio can be enhanced with a high safety profile, markedly exceeding results reported in previous clinical trials.
The Andes Physics Tutoring System: Lessons Learned

The Andes system demonstrates that student learning can be significantly increased by upgrading only their homework problem-solving support. Although Andes is called an intelligent tutoring system, it actually replaces only the students' pencil and paper as they do problem-solving homework. Students do the same problems as before, study the same textbook, and attend the same lectures, labs and recitations. Five years of experimentation at the United States Naval Academy indicates that Andes significantly improves student learning. Andes' key feature appears to be the grain-size of interaction. Whereas most tutoring systems have students enter only the answer to a problem, Andes has students enter a whole derivation, which may consist of many steps, such as drawing vectors, drawing coordinate systems, defining variables and writing equations. Andes gives feedback after each step. When the student asks for help in the middle of problem-solving, Andes gives hints on what's wrong with an incorrect step or on what kind of step to do next. Thus, the grain size of Andes' interaction is a single step in solving the problem, whereas the grain size of a typical tutoring system's interaction is the answer to the problem. This report is a comprehensive description of Andes. It describes Andes' pedagogical principles and features, the system design and implementation, the evaluations of pedagogical effectiveness, and our plans for dissemination.
Multiple-image super-resolution on mobile devices: an image warping approach

This paper discusses a super-resolution (SR) system implemented on a mobile device. We utilized an Android device’s camera to take successive shots and applied a classical multiple-image super-resolution (SR) technique that utilized a set of low-resolution (LR) images. Images taken from the mobile device are subjected to our proposed filtering scheme wherein images that have noticeable presence of blur are discarded to avoid outliers from affecting the produced high-resolution (HR) image. The remaining subset of images are subjected to non-local means denoising, then feature-matched against the first reference LR image. Successive images are then aligned with respect to the first image via affine and perspective warping transformations. The LR images are then upsampled using bicubic interpolation. An L2-norm minimization approach, which is essentially taking the pixel-wise mean of the aligned images, is performed to produce the final HR image. Our study shows that our proposed method performs better than the bicubic interpolation, which makes its implementation in a mobile device quite feasible. We have also proven in our experiments that there are substantial differences from images captured using burst mode that can be utilized by an SR algorithm to create an HR image.
ARCHITECTURE FOR INTELLIGENT BIG DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON AUTOMATIC SERVICE COMPOSITION

Big Data contains massive information, which are generating from heterogeneous, autonomous sources with distributed and anonymous platforms. Since, it raises extreme challenge to organizations to store and process these data. Conventional pathway of store and process is happening as collection of manual steps and it is consuming various resources. An automated real-time and online analytical process is the most cognitive solution. Therefore it needs state of the art approach to overcome barriers and concerns currently facing by the Big Data industry. In this paper we proposed a novel architecture to automate data analytics process using Nested Automatic Service Composition (NASC) and CRoss Industry Standard Platform for Data Mining (CRISPDM) as main based technologies of the solution. NASC is well defined scalable technology to automate multidisciplined problems domains. Since CRISP-DM also a well-known data science process which can be used as innovative accumulator of multi-dimensional data sets. CRISP-DM will be mapped with Big Data analytical process and NASC will automate the CRISP-DM process in an intelligent and innovative way.
Relative Wulst volume is correlated with orbit orientation and binocular visual field in birds

In mammals, species with more frontally oriented orbits have broader binocular visual fields and relatively larger visual regions in the brain. Here, we test whether a similar pattern of correlated evolution is present in birds. Using both conventional statistics and modern comparative methods, we tested whether the relative size of the Wulst and optic tectum (TeO) were significantly correlated with orbit orientation, binocular visual field width and eye size in birds using a large, multi-species data set. In addition, we tested whether relative Wulst and TeO volumes were correlated with axial length of the eye. The relative size of the Wulst was significantly correlated with orbit orientation and the width of the binocular field such that species with more frontal orbits and broader binocular fields have relatively large Wulst volumes. Relative TeO volume, however, was not significant correlated with either variable. In addition, both relative Wulst and TeO volume were weakly correlated with relative axial length of the eye, but these were not corroborated by independent contrasts. Overall, our results indicate that relative Wulst volume reflects orbit orientation and possibly binocular visual field, but not eye size.
Boundary Disputes : Homeostasis , Reflexivity , and the Foundations of Cybernetics

Virtual reality did not spring, like Athena from the forehead of Zeus, full-blown from the mind of William Gibson. It has encoded within it a complex history of technological innovations, conceptual developments, and metaphorical linkages that are crucially important in determining how it will develop and what it is taken to signify. This essay explores that history by focusing on certain developments within cybernetics from the immediate post-World War II period to the present. These developments can be understood as progressing in three waves. The first period, 1945-1960, marks the foundational stage during which cybernetics was forged as an interdisciplinary framework that would allow humans, animals, and machines to be constituted through the common denominators of feedback loops, signal transmission, and goal-seeking behavior. The forum for these developments was a series of conferences sponsored by the Josiah Macy Foundation between 1946 and 1953. 1 Through the Macy discussions and the research presented there, the discipline solidified around key concepts and was disseminated into American intellectual communities by Macy [End Page 441] conferees, guests, and fellow travelers. Humans and machines had been equated for a long time, but it was largely through the Macy conferences that both were understood as information-processing systems.
Genetic algorithm approach for solving a cell formation problem in cellular manufacturing

Please cite this article in press as: Mahdav with Applications (2008), doi:10.1016/j.esw Cellular manufacturing (CM) is an industrial application of group technology concept. One of the problems encountered in the implementation of CM is the cell formation problem (CFP). The CFP attempted here is to group machines and parts in dedicated manufacturing cells so that the number of voids and exceptional elements in cells are minimized. The proposed model, with nonlinear terms and integer variables, cannot be solved for real sized problems efficiently due to its NP-hardness. To solve the model for real-sized applications, a genetic algorithm is proposed. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is efficient and effective in searching for optimal solutions. The results also indicate that the proposed approach performs well in terms of group efficacy compared to the well-known existing cell formation methods.
GROUP INHIBITION OF BYSTANDER INTERVENTION IN EMERGENCIES

Male undergraduates found themselves in a smoke-filling room either alone, with 2 nonreacting others, or in groups of 3. As predicted, Ss were less likely to report the smoke when in the presence of passive others (10%) or in groups of 3 (38% of groups) than when alone (75%). This result seemed to have been mediated by the way 5s interpreted the ambiguous situation; seeing other people remain passive led Ss to decide the smoke was not dangerous.
1 R-SpamRank : A Spam Detection Algorithm Based on Link Analysis

Spam web pages intend to achieve higher-than-deserved ranking by various techniques. While human experts could easily identify spam web pages, the manual evaluating process of a large number of pages is still time consuming and cost consuming. To assist manual evaluation, we propose an algorithm to assign spam values to web pages and semi-automatically select potential spam web pages. We first manually select a small set of spam pages as seeds. Then, based on the link structure of the web, the initial R-SpamRank values assigned to the seed pages propagate through links and distribute among the whole web page set. After sorting the pages according to their R-SpamRank values, the pages with high values are selected. Our experiments and analyses show that the algorithm is highly successful in identifying spam pages, which gains a precision of 99.1% in the top 10,000 web pages with the highest R-SpamRank values.