nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Penile length, digit length, and anogenital distance according to birth weight in newborn male infants

Anogential distance (AGD) and the 2:4 digit length ratio appear to provide a reliable guide to fetal androgen exposure. We intended to investigate the current status of penile size and the relationship between penile length and AGD or digit length according to birth weight in Korean newborn infants.



Between May 2013 and February 2014, among a total of 78 newborn male infants, 55 infants were prospectively included in this study. Newborn male infants with a gestational age of 38 to 42 weeks and birth weight>2.5 kg were assigned to the NW group (n=24) and those with a gestational age<38 weeks and birth weight<2.5 kg were assigned to the LW group (n=31). Penile size and other variables were compared between the two groups.



Stretched penile length of the NW group was 3.3 ± 0.2 cm, which did not differ significantly from that reported in 1987. All parameters including height, weight, penile length, testicular size, AGD, and digit length were significantly lower in the LW group than in the NW group. However, there were no significant differences in AGD ratio or 2:4 digit length ratio between the two groups.



The penile length of newborn infants has not changed over the last quarter century in Korea. With normal penile appearance, the AGD ratio and 2:4 digit length ratio are consistent irrespective of birth weight, whereas AGD, digit length, and penile length are significantly smaller in newborns with low birth weight.
Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna With Dielectric Director for Near-Field Microwave Imaging

A balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna is designed to be used as a sensor for a microwave breast cancer detection system. The antenna has the ability to send short electromagnetic pulses into the near-field, with low distortion, low loss and in a directional manner. The antenna directivity is further improved by the inclusion of a novel feature in the antenna aperture called a “director” which consists of a profiled piece of higher dielectric constant material. Several simulated results are successfully confirmed with measurements. Reflections of a tumor placed in a breast model are simulated for two cases, namely a balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna with and without a director. Greater tumor responses are recorded with the director present, demonstrating the potential of this feature for microwave breast imaging.
Network Neuroscience Theory of Human Intelligence

An enduring aim of research in the psychological and brain sciences is to understand the nature of individual differences in human intelligence, examining the stunning breadth and diversity of intellectual abilities and the remarkable neurobiological mechanisms from which they arise. This Opinion article surveys recent neuroscience evidence to elucidate how general intelligence, g, emerges from individual differences in the network architecture of the human brain. The reviewed findings motivate new insights about how network topology and dynamics account for individual differences in g, represented by the Network Neuroscience Theory. According to this framework, g emerges from the small-world topology of brain networks and the dynamic reorganization of its community structure in the service of system-wide flexibility and adaptation.
MultiMATLAB Integrating MATLAB with High Performance Parallel Computing

MATLAB is the most popular scientific computing environment available on uniprocessors today. Unfortunately, no such environment is currently available for multiprocessors. MultiMATLAB  is a general extension of the MATLAB environment to any distributed memory multiprocessors. This paper presents a new MultiMATLAB system designed to provide high-performance on multiprocessors while maintaining the functionality and usability of the MATLAB environment. This system will enable users to access high-performance parallel routines from within the MATLAB environment, to extend the environment with new parallel routines, and to use these routines to develop parallel applications with the MATLAB language. We discuss a general MultiMATLAB architecture, present two implementations based upon the MPI communication standard , and demonstrate the use of this system. Preliminary results indicate that the MultiMATLAB system can offer the full performance of the underlying multiprocessor to the MATLAB environment.
Wideband and Low-Profile H-Plane Ridged SIW Horn Antenna Mounted on a Large Conducting Plane

This communication presents a wide-band and low-profile H-plane horn antenna based on ridged substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with a large conducting ground. The horn antenna is implemented in a single substrate with a thickness of 0.13 λ0 at the center frequency. Despite its low profile, the new H-plane horn antenna achieves a very wide bandwidth by employing an arc-shaped copper taper printed on the extended dielectric slab and a three-step ridged SIW transition. The ridged SIW is critical for widening the operation bandwidth and lowering the characteristic impedance so that an excellent impedance matching from the coaxial probe to the narrow SIW can be obtained over a wide frequency range. Measured VSWR of the fabricated horn antenna is below 2.5 from 6.6 GHz to 18 GHz. The antenna also exhibits stable radiation beam over the same frequency range. It is observed that measured results agree well with simulated ones.
A Comprehensive Framework for Evaluation in Design Science Research

Evaluation is a central and essential activity in conducting rigorous Design Science Research (DSR), yet there is surprisingly little guidance about designing the DSR evaluation activity beyond suggesting possible methods that could be used for evaluation. This paper extends the notable exception of the existing framework of Pries-Heje et al [11] to address this problem. The paper proposes an extended DSR evaluation framework together with a DSR evaluation design method that can guide DSR researchers in choosing an appropriate strategy for evaluation of the design artifacts and design theories that form the output from DSR. The extended DSR evaluation framework asks the DSR researcher to consider (as input to the choice of the DSR evaluation strategy) contextual factors of goals, conditions, and constraints on the DSR evaluation, e.g. the type and level of desired rigor, the type of artifact, the need to support formative development of the designed artifacts, the properties of the artifact to be evaluated, and the constraints on resources available, such as time, labor, facilities, expertise, and access to research subjects. The framework and method support matching these in the first instance to one or more DSR evaluation strategies, including the choice of ex ante (prior to artifact construction) versus ex post evaluation (after artifact construction) and naturalistic (e.g., field setting) versus artificial evaluation (e.g., laboratory setting). Based on the recommended evaluation strategy(ies), guidance is provided concerning what methodologies might be appropriate within the chosen strategy(ies).
Quality-of-experience assessment and its application to video services in lte networks

Reliable and repeatable video quality assessment is essential for performance analysis of wireless multimedia applications in the third generation (3G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. In this article we report on a database containing subjective assessment scores and the corresponding Quality-of-Service parameters of 70 video test sequences encoded with H.264, which are corrupted when transmitted over a wireless 3G LTE network simulator. Then, a new assessment method based on neural networks (NN) is proposed, whose weights are determined through training. The resulting pseudo-subjective assessment scores are then compared to the true MOS results in our database. Naturally, the accuracy of the NN-based prediction tool should be tested `outside' of the set used for NN weight training. However, there are persistent residual errors between the predicted and subjectively evaluated MOS, which can be further reduced by particle swarm optimization, applied as post-processing of the NN weights to improve its accuracy. The proposed assessment method has potential applications, including Quality-of-Experience-aware network optimization for LTE network operators.
Lecture Notes on Network Information Theory

These lecture notes have been converted to a book titled Network Information Theory published recently by Cambridge University Press. This book provides a significantly expanded exposition of the material in the lecture notes as well as problems and bibliographic notes at the end of each chapter. The authors are currently preparing a set of slides based on the book that will be posted in the second half of 2012. More information about the book can be found at http://www.cambridge.org/9781107008731/. The previous (and obsolete) version of the lecture notes can be found at http://arxiv.org/abs/1001.3404v4/.
Adversarial Training of Variational Auto-Encoders for High Fidelity Image Generation

Variational auto-encoders (VAEs) provide an attractive solution to image generation problem. However, they tend to produce blurred and over-smoothed images due to their dependence on pixel-wise reconstruction loss. This paper introduces a new approach to alleviate this problem in the VAE based generative models. Our model simultaneously learns to match the data, reconstruction loss and the latent distributions of real and fake images to improve the quality of generated samples. To compute the loss distributions, we introduce an auto-encoder based discriminator model which allows an adversarial learning procedure. The discriminator in our model also provides perceptual guidance to the VAE by matching the learned similarity metric of the real and fake samples in the latent space. To stabilize the overall training process, our model uses an error feedback approach to maintain the equilibrium between competing networks in the model. Our experiments show that the generated samples from our proposed model exhibit a diverse set of attributes and facial expressions and scale up to highresolution images very well.
Emotional intelligence and its relationship to workplace performance outcomes of leadership effectiveness

This study seeks to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI), personality, cognitive intelligence and leadership effectiveness.  Senior executives ðn 1⁄4 41Þ completed an ability measure of EI (MSCEIT), a measure of personality (16PF5) and a measure of cognitive ability (the Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence (WASI)). Leadership effectiveness was assessed using an objective measure of performance and a 3608 assessment involving each leader’s subordinates and direct manager ðn 1⁄4 149Þ: Findings – Correlational and regression analyses revealed that higher EI was associated with higher leadership effectiveness, and that EI explained variance not explained by either personality or IQ.  This paper establishes a link between EI and workplace measures of leadership
Function points as a universal software metric

Function point metrics are the most accurate and effective metrics yet developed for software sizing and also for studying software productivity, quality, costs, risks, and economic value. Unlike the older "lines of code" metric function points can be used to study requirements, design, and in fact all software activities from development through maintenance. In the future function point metrics can easily become a universal metric used for all software applications and for all software contracts in all countries. The government of Brazil already requires function points for all software contracts, and South Korea and Italy may soon follow. However, there are some logistical problems with function point metrics that need to be understood and overcome in order for function point metrics to become the primary metric for software economic analysis. Manual function point counting is too slow and costly to be used on large software projects above 10,000 function points in size. Also, application size is not constant but grows at about 2% per calendar month during development and 8% or more per calendar year for as long as software is in active use. This paper discusses a method of high-speed function point counting that can size any application in less than two minutes, and which can predict application growth during development and for five years after release. This new method is based on pattern matching and is covered by U.S. utility patent application and hence is patent pending.
Phase III clinical trial of thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone alone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a clinical trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

To determine if thalidomide plus dexamethasone yields superior response rates compared with dexamethasone alone as induction therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.



Patients were randomly assigned to receive thalidomide plus dexamethasone or dexamethasone alone. Patients in arm A received thalidomide 200 mg orally for 4 weeks; dexamethasone was administered at a dose of 40 mg orally on days 1 to 4, 9 to 12, and 17 to 20. Cycles were repeated every 4 weeks. Patients in arm B received dexamethasone alone at the same schedule as in arm A.



Two hundred seven patients were enrolled: 103 were randomly assigned to thalidomide plus dexamethasone and 104 were randomly assigned to dexamethasone alone; eight patients were ineligible. The response rate with thalidomide plus dexamethasone was significantly higher than with dexamethasone alone (63% v 41%, respectively; P = .0017). The response rate allowing for use of serum monoclonal protein levels when a measurable urine monoclonal protein was unavailable at follow-up was 72% v 50%, respectively. The incidence rates of grade 3 or higher deep vein thrombosis (DVT), rash, bradycardia, neuropathy, and any grade 4 to 5 toxicity in the first 4 months were significantly higher with thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone alone (45% v 21%, respectively; P < .001). DVT was more frequent in arm A than in arm B (17% v 3%); grade 3 or higher peripheral neuropathy was also more frequent (7% v 4%, respectively).



Thalidomide plus dexamethasone demonstrates significantly superior response rates in newly diagnosed myeloma compared with dexamethasone alone. However, this must be balanced against the greater toxicity seen with the combination.
Towards Multi-Agent Communication-Based Language Learning

We propose an interactive multimodal framework for language learning. Instead of being passively exposed to large amounts of natural text, our learners (implemented as feed-forward neural networks) engage in cooperative referential games starting from a tabula rasa setup, and thus develop their own language from the need to communicate in order to succeed at the game. Preliminary experiments provide promising results, but also suggest that it is important to ensure that agents trained in this way do not develop an adhoc communication code only effective for the game they are playing.
Predicting Learning by Analyzing Eye-Gaze Data of Reading Behavior

Researchers have highlighted how tracking learners’ eye-gaze can reveal their reading behaviors and strategies, and this provides a framework for developing personalized feedback to improve learning and problem solving skills. In this paper, we describe analyses of eye-gaze data collected from 16 middle school students who worked with Betty’s Brain, an open-ended learning environment, where students learn science by building causal models to teach a virtual agent. Our goal was to test whether newly available consumer-level eye trackers could provide the data that would allow us to probe further into the relations between students’ reading of hypertext resources and building of graphical causal maps. We collected substantial amounts of gaze data and then constructed classifier models to predict whether students would be successful in constructing correct causal links. These models predicted correct map-building actions with an accuracy of 80% (F1 = 0.82; Cohen’s kappa κ = 0.62). The proportions of correct link additions are in turn directly related to learners’ performance in Betty's Brain. Therefore, students’ gaze patterns when reading the resources may be good indicators of their overall performance. These findings can be used to support the development of a real-time eye gaze analysis system, which can detect students reading patterns, and when necessary provide support to help them become better readers.
Contingencies of self-worth.

Research on self-esteem has focused almost exclusively on level of trait self-esteem to the neglect of other potentially more important aspects such as the contingencies on which self-esteem is based. Over a century ago, W. James (1890) argued that self-esteem rises and falls around its typical level in response to successes and failures in domains on which one has staked self-worth. We present a model of global self-esteem that builds on James' insights and emphasizes contingencies of self-worth. This model can help to (a) point the way to understanding how self-esteem is implicated in affect, cognition, and self-regulation of behavior; (b) suggest how and when self-esteem is implicated in social problems; (c) resolve debates about the nature and functioning of self-esteem; (d) resolve paradoxes in related literatures, such as why people who are stigmatized do not necessarily have low self-esteem and why self-esteem does not decline with age; and (e) suggest how self-esteem is causally related to depression. In addition, this perspective raises questions about how contingencies of self-worth are acquired and how they change, whether they are primarily a resource or a vulnerability, and whether some people have noncontingent self-esteem.
A d–q Voltage Droop Control Method With Dynamically Phase-Shifted Phase-Locked Loop for Inverter Paralleling Without Any Communication Between Individual Inverters

This paper presents a modified droop control method for equal load sharing of parallel-connected inverters, without any communication between individual inverters. Droop in <italic>d</italic>- and <italic>q</italic>-axis voltages are given depending upon <italic>d</italic>- and <italic>q</italic>-axis currents, respectively. Each inverter works in the voltage control mode, where it controls the filter capacitor voltage. Voltage references of each inverter come from <italic>d</italic>- and <italic>q</italic>-axis voltage droops. This <italic>d</italic>- and <italic>q</italic> -axis voltage droops force the parallel-connected inverters to share equal current and hence equal active and reactive power. A dynamically phase-shifted phase-locked loop (PLL) technique is locally designed for generating phase reference of each inverter. The phase angle between filter capacitor voltage vector and <italic>d</italic>-axis is dynamically adjusted with the change in <italic>q</italic>-axis inverter current to generate the phase reference of each inverter. The strategy has been verified with simulations and experiments and results are presented in this paper.
Huggy Pajama: a mobile parent and child hugging communication system

Huggy Pajama is a novel wearable system aimed at promoting physical interaction in remote communication between parent and child. This system enables parents and children to hug one another through a novel hugging interface device and a wearable, hug reproducing pajama connected through the Internet. The hugging device is a small, mobile doll with an embedded pressure sensing circuit that is able to accurately sense varying levels of the range of human force produced from natural touch. This device sends hug signals to a haptic jacket that simulates the feeling of being hugged to the wearer. It features air pockets actuating to reproduce hug, heating elements to produce warmth that accompanies hug, and color changing pattern and accessory to indicate distance of separation and communicate expressions. In this paper, we present the system design of Huggy Pajama.
Association of polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 with warfarin dose requirement and risk of bleeding complications

The cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 is responsible for the metabolism of S-warfarin. Two known allelic variants CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 differ from the wild type CYP2C9*1 by a single aminoacid substitution in each case. The allelic variants are associated with impaired hydroxylation of S-warfarin in in-vitro expression systems. We have studied the effect of CYP2C9 polymorphism on the in-vivo warfarin dose requirement.



Patients with a daily warfarin dose requirement of 1.5 mg or less (low-dose group, n=36), randomly selected patients with a wide range of dose requirements from an anticoagulant clinic in north-east England (clinic control group, n=52), and 100 healthy controls from the community in the same region were studied. Genotyping for the CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 alleles was done by PCR analysis. Case notes were reviewed to assess the difficulties encountered during the induction of warfarin therapy and bleeding complications in the low-dose and clinic control groups.



The odds ratio for individuals with a low warfarin dose requirement having one or more CYP2C9 variant alleles compared with the normal population was 6.21 (95% CI 2.48-15.6). Patients in the low-dose group were more likely to have difficulties at the time of induction of warfarin therapy (5.97 [2.26-15.82]) and have increased risk of major bleeding complications (rate ratio 3.68 [1.43-9.50]) when compared with randomly selected clinic controls.



We have shown that there is a strong association between CYP2C9 variant alleles and low warfarin dose requirement. CYP2C9 genotyping may identify a subgroup of patients who have difficulty at induction of warfarin therapy and are potentially at a higher risk of bleeding complications.
Suggestibility of the child witness: a historical review and synthesis.

The field of children's testimony is in turmoil, but a resolution to seemingly intractable debates now appears attainable. In this review, we place the current disagreement in historical context and describe psychological and legal views of child witnesses held by scholars since the turn of the 20th century. Although there has been consistent interest in children's suggestibility over the past century, the past 15 years have been the most active in terms of the number of published studies and novel theorizing about the causal mechanisms that underpin the observed findings. A synthesis of this research posits three "families" of factors--cognitive, social, and biological--that must be considered if one is to understand seemingly contradictory interpretations of the findings. We conclude that there are reliable age differences in suggestibility but that even very young children are capable of recalling much that is forensically relevant. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of expert witnesses.