nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Process and post-process: A discursive history

While the term post-process can be useful as a heuristic for expanding the scope of the field of second language writing, the uncritical adoption of this and other keywords can have serious consequences because they often oversimplify the historical complexity of the intellectual developments they describe. In order to provide a critical understanding of the term post-process in its own historical context, this article examines the history of process and post-process in composition studies, focusing on the ways in which terms such as current-traditional rhetoric, process, and post-process have contributed to the discursive construction of reality. Based on this analysis, I argue that the use of the term post-process in the context of L2 writing needs to be guided by a critical awareness of the discursive construction process. I further argue that the notion of post-process needs to be understood not as the rejection of process but as the recognition of the multiplicity of L2 writing theories and pedagogies.
Analysing The Governance, Risk And Compliance (Grc) Implementation Process: Primary Insights

Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) as an integrated concept has gained great interest recently among researchers in the Information Systems (IS) field. The need for more effective and efficient business processes in the area of financial controls drives enterprises to successfully implement GRC systems as an overall goal when they are striving for enterprise value of their integrated systems. The GRC implementation process is a significant parameter influencing the success of operational performance and financial governance and supports the practices for competitive advantage within the organisations. However, GRC literature is limited regarding the analysis of their implementation and adoption success. Therefore, there is a need for further research and contribution in the area of GRC systems and more specifically their implementation process. The research at hand recognizes GRC as a fundamental business requirement and focuses on the need to analyse the implementation process of such enterprise solutions. The research includes theoretical and empirical investigation of the GRC implementation within an enterprise and develops a framework for the analysis of the GRC adoption. The approach suggests that the three success factors (integration, optimisation, information) influence the adoption of the GRC and more specifically their implementation process. The proposed framework followed a case study approach to confirm its functionality and is evaluated through interviews with stakeholders involved in GRC implementations. Furthermore, it can be used by the organisations when considering the adoption of GRC solutions and can also suggest a tool for researchers to analyse and explain further the GRC implementation process.
Solving the Periodic Timetabling Problem using a Genetic Algorithm

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Solving the Periodic Timetabling Problem using a Genetic Algorithm Diego Arenas, Remy Chevirer, Said Hanafi, Joaquin Rodriguez
The interaction of a model active pharmaceutical with cationic surfactant and the subsequent design of drug based ionic liquid surfactants.

Interactions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) with surfactants remain an important research area due to the need to improve drug delivery systems. In this study, UV-Visible spectrophotometry was used to investigate the interactions between a model low molecular weight hydrophilic drug sodium valproate (SV) and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Changes in the spectra of SV were observed in pre- and post-micellar concentrations of CTAB. The binding constant (Kb) values and the number of drug molecules encapsulated per micelle were calculated, which posed the possibility of mixed micelle formation and strong complexation between SV and CTAB. These results were compared to those of a novel room temperature surface active ionic liquid, which was synthesized by the removal of inorganic counterions from a 1:1 mixture of CTAB and SV. In this new compound the drug now constitutes a building block of the carrier and, as such, has considerably different surfactant properties to its building blocks. In addition, enhanced solubility in a range of solvents, including simulated gastric fluid, was observed. The study provides valuable experimental evidence concerning the performance of drug based surfactant ionic liquids and how their chemical manipulation, without altering the architecture of the API, leads to control of surfactant behavior and physicochemical properties. In turn, this should feed through to improved and controlled drug release rates and delivery mechanisms, and the prevention of precipitation or formation of polymorphs typical of crystalline form APIs.
Wearable Smart System for Visually Impaired People

In this paper, we present a wearable smart system to help visually impaired persons (VIPs) walk by themselves through the streets, navigate in public places, and seek assistance. The main components of the system are a microcontroller board, various sensors, cellular communication and GPS modules, and a solar panel. The system employs a set of sensors to track the path and alert the user of obstacles in front of them. The user is alerted by a sound emitted through a buzzer and by vibrations on the wrist, which is helpful when the user has hearing loss or is in a noisy environment. In addition, the system alerts people in the surroundings when the user stumbles over or requires assistance, and the alert, along with the system location, is sent as a phone message to registered mobile phones of family members and caregivers. In addition, the registered phones can be used to retrieve the system location whenever required and activate real-time tracking of the VIP. We tested the system prototype and verified its functionality and effectiveness. The proposed system has more features than other similar systems. We expect it to be a useful tool to improve the quality of life of VIPs.
Integral SHM-System for Offshore Wind Turbines Using Smart Wireless Sensors

Currently, wind turbines can incur unforeseen damage up to five times a year. Particularly during bad weather, wind turbines located offshore are difficult to access for visual inspection. As a result, long periods of turbine standstill can result in great economic inefficiencies that undermine the long-term viability of the technology. Hence, the load carrying structure should be monitored continuously in order to minimize the overall cost of maintenance and repair. The end result are turbines defined by extend lifetimes and greater economic viability. For that purpose, an automated monitoring system for early damage detection and damage localisation is currently under development for wind turbines. Most of the techniques existing for global damage detection of structures work by using frequency domain methods. Frequency shifts and mode shape changes are usually used for damage detection of large structures (e.g. bridges, large buildings and towers) . Damage can cause a change in the distribution of structural stiffness which has to be detected by measuring dynamic responses using natural excitation. Even though mode shapes are more sensitive to damage compared to frequency shifts, the use of mode shapes requires a lot of sensors installed so as to reliably detect mode shape changes for early damage detection . The design of our developed structural health monitoring (SHM) system is based on three functional modules that track changes in the global dynamic behaviour of both the turbine tower and blade elements. A key feature of the approach is the need for a minimal number of strain gages and accelerometers necessary to record the structure’s condition. Module 1 analyzes the proportionality of maximum stress and maximum velocity; already small changes in component stiffness can be detected. Afterwards, module 3 is activated for localization and quantization of the damage. The approach of module 3 is based on a numerical model which solves a multi-parameter eigenvalue problem. As a prerequisite, highly resolved eigenfrequencies and a parameterization of a validated structural model are required. Both are provided for the undamaged structure by module 2
Using computer technology to address the problem of cyberbullying

The issue of cyberbullying is a social concern that has arisen due to the prevalent use of computer technology today. In this paper, we present a multi-faceted solution to mitigate the effects of cyberbullying, one that uses computer technology in order to combat the problem. We propose to provide assistance for various groups affected by cyberbullying (the bullied and the bully, both). Our solution was developed through a series of group projects and includes i) technology to detect the occurrence of cyberbullying ii) technology to enable reporting of cyberbullying iii) proposals to integrate third-party assistance when cyberbullying is detected iv) facilities for those with authority to manage online social networks or to take actions against detected bullies. In all, we demonstrate how this important social problem which arises due to computer technology can also leverage computer technology in order to take steps to better cope with the undesirable effects that have arisen.
Local and Wide-Area PMU-Based Decentralized Dynamic State Estimation in Multi-Machine Power Systems

Accurate measurement of the rotor angle and speed of synchronous generators is instrumental in developing powerful local or wide-area control and monitoring systems to enhance power grid stability and reliability. Exogenous input signals such as field voltage and mechanical torque are critical information in this context, but obtaining them raises significant logistical challenges, which in turn complicates the estimation of the generator dynamic states from easily available terminal phasor measurement unit (PMU) signals only. To overcome these issues, the authors of this paper employ the extended Kalman filter with unknown inputs, referred to as the EKF-UI technique, for decentralized dynamic state estimation of a synchronous machine states using terminal active and reactive powers, voltage phasor and frequency measurements. The formulation is fully decentralized without single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) or excitation model assumption so that only local information is required. It is demonstrated that using the decentralized EKF-UI scheme, synchronous machine states can be estimated accurately enough to enable wide-area power system stabilizers (WA-PSS) and system integrity protection schemes (SIPS). Simulation results on New-England test system, Hydro-Québec simplified system, and Kundur network highlight the efficiency of the proposed method under fault conditions with electromagnetic transients and full-order generator models in realistic multi-machine setups.
Incremental Discovery of Inclusion Dependencies

Inclusion dependencies form one of the most fundamental classes of integrity constraints. Their importance in classical data management is reinforced by modern applications such as data profiling, data cleaning, entity resolution and schema matching. Their discovery in an unknown dataset is at the core of any data analysis effort. Therefore, several research approaches have focused on their efficient discovery in a given, static dataset. However, none of these approaches are appropriate for applications on dynamic datasets, such as transactional datasets, scientific applications, and social network. In these cases, discovery techniques should be able to efficiently update the inclusion dependencies after an update in the dataset, without reprocessing the entire dataset.
 We present the first approach for incrementally updating the unary inclusion dependencies. In particular, our approach is based on the concept of attribute clustering from which the unary inclusion dependencies are efficiently derivable. We incrementally update the clusters after each update of the dataset. Updating the clusters does not need to access the dataset because of special data structures designed to efficiently support the updating process. We perform an exhaustive analysis of our approach by applying it to large datasets with several hundred attributes and more than 116,200,000 million tuples. The results show that the incremental discovery significantly reduces the runtime needed by the static discovery. This reduction in the runtime is up to 99.9996 % for both the insert and the delete.
Adaptive Machine Learning Winter 2018 Lecture 9 : Linear Bandits and Thompson Sampling

In the linear bandit problem a learning agent chooses an arm at each round and receives a stochastic reward. The expected value of this stochastic reward is an unknown linear function of the arm choice. As is standard in bandit problems, a learning agent seeks to maximize the cumulative reward over an n round horizon. The stochastic bandit problem can be seen as a special case of the linear bandit problem when the set of available arms at each round is the standard basis ei for the Euclidean space R, i.e. the vector ei is a vector with all 0s except for a 1 in the ith coordinate. As a result each arm is independent of the others and the reward associated with each arm depends only on a single parameter as is the case in stochastic bandits. The underlying algorithmic approach to solve this problem uses the optimism in the face of uncertainty (OFU) principle. The OFU principle solves the exploration-exploitation tradeoff in the linear bandit problem by maintaining a confidence set for the vector of coefficients of the linear function that governs rewards. In each round the algorithm chooses an estimate of the coefficients of the linear function from the confidence set and then takes an action so that the predicted reward is maximized. The problem reduces to constructing confidence sets for the vector of coefficients of the linear function based on the action-reward pairs observed in the past time steps. The linear bandit problem was first studied by Auer et al. (2002)  under the name of linear reinforcement learning. Since the introduction of the problem, several works have improved the analysis and explored variants of the problem. The most influential works include Dani et al. (2008) , Rusmevichientong et al. (2010) , and Abbasi et al. (2011) . In each of these works the set of available arms remains constant, but the set is only restricted to being a bounded subset of a finite-dimensional vector space. Variants of the problem formulation have also been widely applied to recommendation systems following the work of Li et al. (2010)  within the context of web advertisement. An important property of this problem is that the arms are not independent because future arm choices depend on the confidence sets constructed from past choices. In the literature, several works including [5] have failed to recognize this property leading to faulty analysis. This fine detail requires special care which we explore in depth in Section 2.
Automation of Automation — Definition, components and challenges

The increasing number and range of automation functions along with the decrease of qualified personal makes an upgraded engineering process necessary. This article gives a general overview of one approach, called the Automation of Automation, i.e. the automated execution of human tasks related to the engineering process of automation systems. Starting with a definition and a model describing the typical engineering process, some solutions for the needed framework are presented. Occurring problems within parts of this process model are discussed and possible solutions are presented.
Circle Hairs: Clinical, Trichoscopic and Histopathologic Findings

Circle hairs (CH) represent a body hair growth disorder characterized by asymptomatic presence of hairs with typical circular or spiraliform arrangement, not associated with follicular or inflammatory abnormalities. Although this condition is rarely reported, it is probably underestimated, as a medical consultation for CH only is rare in practice. Trichoscopic and histopathological findings of CH have never been reported and this article will present and discuss six cases along with literature review.
Concurrent partnerships and the spread of HIV.

To examine how concurrent partnerships amplify the rate of HIV spread, using methods that can be supported by feasible data collection.



A fully stochastic simulation is used to represent a population of individuals, the sexual partnerships that they form and dissolve over time, and the spread of an infectious disease. Sequential monogamy is compared with various levels of concurrency, holding all other features of the infection process constant. Effective summary measures of concurrency are developed that can be estimated on the basis of simple local network data.



Concurrent partnerships exponentially increase the number of infected individuals and the growth rate of the epidemic during its initial phase. For example, when one-half of the partnerships in a population are concurrent, the size of the epidemic after 5 years is 10 times as large as under sequential monogamy. The primary cause of this amplification is the growth in the number of people connected in the network at any point in time: the size of the largest "component'. Concurrency increases the size of this component, and the result is that the infectious agent is no longer trapped in a monogamous partnership after transmission occurs, but can spread immediately beyond this partnership to infect others. The summary measure of concurrency developed here does a good job in predicting the size of the amplification effect, and may therefore be a useful and practical tool for evaluation and intervention at the beginning of an epidemic.



Concurrent partnerships may be as important as multiple partners or cofactor infections in amplifying the spread of HIV. The public health implications are that data must be collected properly to measure the levels of concurrency in a population, and that messages promoting one partner at a time are as important as messages promoting fewer partners.
Exploring Help Seeking Experiences of Male Victims of Female Perpetrators of IPV

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common phenomenon worldwide. However, there is a relative dearth of qualitative research exploring IPV in which men are the victims of their female partners. The present study used a qualitative approach to explore how Portuguese men experience IPV. Ten male victims (aged 35–75) who had sought help from domestic violence agencies or from the police were interviewed. Transcripts were analyzed using QSR NVivo10 and coded following thematic analysis. The results enhance our understanding of both the nature and dynamics of the violence that men experience as well as the negative impact of violence on their lives. This study revealed the difficulties that men face in the process of seeking help, namely differences in treatment of men versus women victims. It also highlights that help seeking had a negative emotional impact for most of these men. Finally, this study has important implications for practitioners and underlines macro-level social recommendations for raising awareness about this phenomenon, including the need for changes in victims’ services and advocacy for gender-inclusive campaigns and responses.
Ubiquitin-Dependent Sorting into the Multivesicular Body Pathway Requires the Function of a Conserved Endosomal Protein Sorting Complex, ESCRT-I

The multivesicular body (MVB) pathway is responsible for both the biosynthetic delivery of lysosomal hydrolases and the downregulation of numerous activated cell surface receptors which are degraded in the lysosome. We demonstrate that ubiquitination serves as a signal for sorting into the MVB pathway. In addition, we characterize a 350 kDa complex, ESCRT-I (composed of Vps23, Vps28, and Vps37), that recognizes ubiquitinated MVB cargo and whose function is required for sorting into MVB vesicles. This recognition event depends on a conserved UBC-like domain in Vps23. We propose that ESCRT-I represents a conserved component of the endosomal sorting machinery that functions in both yeast and mammalian cells to couple ubiquitin modification to protein sorting and receptor downregulation in the MVB pathway.
Time for a paradigm change in meniscal repair: save the meniscus!

impact on that risk, and it became obvious that the differentiation of tear types and repair techniques has resulted in significant progress over the last few years. In 2016, numerous advanced techniques for meniscal repair are being performed, regardless of the site of the tear [4, 26]. There is no place in the knee that cannot be reached by the arthroscope. However, some of the repair techniques are in the early stages of development and require further improvement to reach global acceptance [24]. They appear very promising, as many surgeons have adopted them in a short period of time. Meniscus repair is gaining in popularity among an increasing number of surgeons. A better understanding, more sophisticated devices for meniscus repair and the increasing success rate might be some of the explanations. The increasing popularity of meniscus repair also includes meniscus lesions, which are associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. At several European centres, meniscal repair procedures are now being performed in up to 40–60 % of all ACL reconstructions. In addition, these repairs are being extended increasingly to an athletic population and even professional athletes and football players. The medial meniscus in particular is becoming the focus of attention. As the main secondary stabiliser in anteroposterior laxity after an ACL injury, it is well known that this structure plays an important role in the long-term development of osteoarthritis and, as shown recently by Robb et al. , its absence negatively affects the fate of ACL graft survival. These are the reasons why efforts have recently been made to increase our understanding of medial meniscus tears [27], to rediscover certain types of injury like the meniscosynovial or ramp lesions [1, 5, 8, 19, 23, 25] and to improve long-existing repair techniques [15, 20]. Another new development in meniscal repair relates to root tears, which have moved into focus over the last One of the most important clinical achievements highlighted at the third international meeting “The Meniscus: Preserve the future”, held in Porto in early February this year [9], was the improvement made in the field of meniscal repair. The loss of the meniscus can be regarded as a pre-arthritic condition for the knee due to the loss of protective function [2, 3]. However, the tear pattern has a crucial