nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Patient-centred healthcare, social media and the internet: the perfect storm?

To cite: Rozenblum R, Bates DW. BMJ Qual Saf 2013;22:183–186. Patients are central to healthcare delivery, yet all too often their perspectives and input have not been considered by providers. 2 This is beginning to change rapidly and is having a major impact across a range of dimensions. Patients are becoming more engaged in their care and patient-centred healthcare has emerged as a major domain of quality. At the same time, social media in particular and the internet more broadly are widely recognised as having produced huge effects across societies. For example, few would have predicted the Arab Spring, yet it was clearly enabled by media such as Facebook and Twitter. Now these technologies are beginning to pervade the healthcare space, just as they have so many others. But what will their effects be? These three domains—patient-centred healthcare, social media and the internet— are beginning to come together, with powerful and unpredictable consequences. We believe that they have the potential to create a major shift in how patients and healthcare organisations connect, in effect, the ‘perfect storm’, a phrase that has been used to describe a situation in which a rare combination of circumstances result in an event of unusual magnitude creating the potential for non-linear change. Historically, patients have paid relatively little attention to quality, safety and the experiences large groups of other patients have had, and have made choices about where to get healthcare based largely on factors like reputation, the recommendations of a friend or proximity. Part of the reason for this was that information about quality or the opinions of others about their care was hard to access before the internet. Today, patients appear to be becoming more engaged with their care in general, and one of the many results is that they are increasingly using the internet to share and rate their experiences of health care. They are also using the internet to connect with others having similar illnesses, to share experiences, and beginning to manage their illnesses by leveraging these technologies. While it is not yet clear what impact patients’ use of the internet and social media will have on healthcare, they will definitely have a major effect. Healthcare organisations have generally been laggards in this space—they need to start thinking about how they will use the internet in a variety of ways, with specific examples being leveraging the growing number of patients that are using the internet to describe their experiences of healthcare and how they can incorporate patient’s feedback via the internet into the organisational quality improvement process.
Recognize complex events from static images by fusing deep channels

A considerable portion of web images capture events that occur in our personal lives or social activities. In this paper, we aim to develop an effective method for recognizing events from such images. Despite the sheer amount of study on event recognition, most existing methods rely on videos and are not directly applicable to this task. Generally, events are complex phenomena that involve interactions among people and objects, and therefore analysis of event photos requires techniques that can go beyond recognizing individual objects and carry out joint reasoning based on evidences of multiple aspects. Inspired by the recent success of deep learning, we formulate a multi-layer framework to tackle this problem, which takes into account both visual appearance and the interactions among humans and objects, and combines them via semantic fusion. An important issue arising here is that humans and objects discovered by detectors are in the form of bounding boxes, and there is no straightforward way to represent their interactions and incorporate them with a deep network. We address this using a novel strategy that projects the detected instances onto multi-scale spatial maps. On a large dataset with 60, 000 images, the proposed method achieved substantial improvement over the state-of-the-art, raising the accuracy of event recognition by over 10%.
A review of podcasting in higher education: Its influence on the traditional lecture

This paper examines the possible influence of podcasting on the traditional lecture in higher education. Firstly, it explores some of the benefits and limitations of the lecture as one of the dominant forms of teaching in higher education. The review then moves to explore the emergence of podcasting in education and the purpose of its use, before examining recent relevant literature about podcasting for supporting, enhancing, and indeed replacing the traditional lecture. The review identifies three broad types of use of podcasting: substitutional, supplementary and creative use. Podcasting appears to be most commonly used to provide recordings of past lectures to students for the purposes of review and revision (substitutional use). The second most common use was in providing additional material, often in the form of study guides and summary notes, to broaden and deepen students’ understanding (supplementary use). The third and least common use reported in the literature involved the creation of student generated podcasts (creative use). The review examines three key questions: What are the educational uses of podcasting in teaching and learning in higher education? Can podcasting facilitate more flexible and mobile learning? In what ways will podcasting influence the traditional lecture? These questions are discussed in the final section of the paper, with reference to future policies and practices.
darkNoC: Designing energy-efficient network-on-chip with multi-Vt cells for dark silicon

In this paper, we propose a novel NoC architecture, called darkNoC, where multiple layers of architecturally identical, but physically different routers are integrated, leveraging the extra transistors available due to dark silicon. Each layer is separately optimized for a particular voltage-frequency range by the adroit use of multi-Vt circuit optimization. At a given time, only one of the network layers is illuminated while all the other network layers are dark. We provide architectural support for seamless integration of multiple network layers, and a fast inter-layer switching mechanism without dropping in-network packets. Our experiments on a 4 × 4 mesh with multi-programmed real application workloads show that darkNoC improves energy-delay product by up to 56% compared to a traditional single layer NoC with state-of-the-art DVFS. This illustrates darkNoC can be used as an energy-efficient communication fabric in future dark silicon chips.
Collision detection and reaction: A contribution to safe physical Human-Robot Interaction

In the framework of physical human-robot interaction (pHRI), methodologies and experimental tests are presented for the problem of detecting and reacting to collisions between a robot manipulator and a human being. Using a lightweight robot that was especially designed for interactive and cooperative tasks, we show how reactive control strategies can significantly contribute to ensuring safety to the human during physical interaction. Several collision tests were carried out, illustrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. While a subjective ldquosafetyrdquo feeling is experienced by users when being able to naturally stop the robot in autonomous motion, a quantitative analysis of different reaction strategies was lacking. In order to compare these strategies on an objective basis, a mechanical verification platform has been built. The proposed collision detection and reactions methods prove to work very reliably and are effective in reducing contact forces far below any level which is dangerous to humans. Evaluations of impacts between robot and human arm or chest up to a maximum robot velocity of 2.7 m/s are presented.
A novel approach for structural feature extraction: Contour vs. direction

The paper presents a novel approach for extracting structural features from segmented cursive handwriting. The proposed approach is based on the contour code and stroke direct ion. The contour code feature utilises the rate of change of slope along the c ontour profile in addition to other properties such as the ascender and descender count, start point and e d point. The direction feature identifies individual line segments or strokes from the character’s outer boundary or thinned representation and highlights each character's pertine nt d rection information. Each feature is investigated employing a benchmark da tabase and the experimental results using the proposed contour code based structural fea ture are very promising. A comparative evaluation with the directional feature a nd existing transition feature is included.
Apophallus microsoma N. SP. from chicks infected with metacercariae from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and review of the taxonomy and pathology of the genus Apophallus (Heterophyidae).

Metacercariae of an unidentified species of Apophallus Lühe, 1909 are associated with overwinter mortality in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792), in the West Fork Smith River, Oregon. We infected chicks with these metacercariae in order to identify the species. The average size of adult worms was 197 × 57 μm, which was 2 to 11 times smaller than other described Apophallus species. Eggs were also smaller, but larger in proportion to body size, than in other species of Apophallus. Based on these morphological differences, we describe Apophallus microsoma n. sp. In addition, sequences from the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene from Apophallus sp. cercariae collected in the study area, which are likely conspecific with experimentally cultivated A. microsoma, differ by >12% from those we obtained from Apophallus donicus ( Skrjabin and Lindtrop, 1919 ) and from Apophallus brevis Ransom, 1920 . The taxonomy and pathology of Apophallus species is reviewed.
AUTOMATIC DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF DAMAGED BUILDINGS , USING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY AND VECTOR DATA

Receiving rapid, accurate and comprehensive knowledge about the conditions of damaged buildings after earthquake strike and other natural hazards is the basis of many related activities such as rescue, relief and reconstruction. Recently, commercial high-resolution satellite imagery such as IKONOS and QuickBird is becoming more powerful data resource for disaster management. In this paper, a method for automatic detection and classification of damaged buildings using integration of high-resolution satellite imageries and vector map is proposed. In this method, after extracting buildings position from vector map, they are located in the pre-event and post-event satellite images. By measuring and comparing different textural features for extracted buildings in both images, buildings conditions are evaluated through a Fuzzy Inference System. Overall classification accuracy of 74% and kappa coefficient of 0.63 were acquired. Results of the proposed method, indicates the capability of this method for automatic determination of damaged buildings from high-resolution satellite imageries.
Utilizing multimedia capabilities of mobile phones to support teaching in schools in rural panama

Providing good education is one of the major challenges for humanity. In many developing regions in the world improving educational standards is seen as a central building block for improving socio-economic situation of society. Based on our research in Panama we report on how mobile phones can be used as educational tools. In contrast to personal computers mobile phones are widely available and in Panama over 80% of the children have access to phones. We report on four different studies building on one another. We conducted surveys, focus groups, and group interviews with several hundred teachers and pupils to assess opportunities, needs, and threads for using phones in teaching and learning. Based on the feedback received we created a set of use cases and finally evaluated these in a field study in a rural multigrade school in Panama. Our findings suggest that current phones with multimedia capabilities provide a valuable resource for teaching and learning across many subjects. In particular recording of audio and video, programs for drawing, and taking photos were used in very creative and constructive ways beyond the use cases envisioned by us and initial skepticism of parents turned into support.
Distributed graph coloring: an approach based on the calling behavior of Japanese tree frogs

Graph coloring—also known as vertex coloring—considers the problem of assigning colors to the nodes of a graph such that adjacent nodes do not share the same color. The optimization version of the problem concerns the minimization of the number of colors used. In this paper we deal with the problem of finding valid graphs colorings in a distributed way, that is, by means of an algorithm that only uses local information for deciding the color of the nodes. The algorithm proposed in this paper is inspired by the calling behavior of Japanese tree frogs. Male frogs use their calls to attract females. Interestingly, groups of males that are located near each other desynchronize their calls. This is because female frogs are only able to correctly localize male frogs when their calls are not too close in time. The proposed algorithm makes use of this desynchronization behavior for the assignment of different colors to neighboring nodes. We experimentally show that our algorithm is very competitive with the current state of the art, using different sets of problem instances and comparing to one of the most competitive algorithms from the literature.
Automatic detection of creaky voice using epoch parameters

This paper proposes a method based on epoch parameters for detection of creaky voice in speech signal. The epoch parameters characterizing the source of excitation considered in this work are number of epochs in a frame, strength of excitation of epochs and epoch intervals. Analysis of epoch parameters estimated from zero-frequency filtering method with different window sizes is carried out. Distinct variations in the epoch parameters are observed for modal and creaky voiced regions. Variances of epoch parameters are used as input features to train a neural network classifier for identifying creaky regions. Performance evaluation results indicate that the proposed method performs significantly better than the existing creaky detection methods on different speech databases.
CPS: driving cyber-physical systems to unsafe operating conditions by timing DoS attacks on sensor signals

DoS attacks on sensor measurements used for industrial control can cause the controller of the process to use stale data. If the DoS attack is not timed properly, the use of stale data by the controller will have limited impact on the process; however, if the attacker is able to launch the DoS attack at the correct time, the use of stale data can cause the controller to drive the system to an unsafe state.
 Understanding the timing parameters of the physical processes does not only allow an attacker to construct a successful attack but also to maximize its impact (damage to the system). In this paper we use Tennessee Eastman challenge process to study an attacker that has to identify (in realtime) the optimal timing to launch a DoS attack. The choice of time to begin an attack is forward-looking, requiring the attacker to consider each opportunity against the possibility of a better opportunity in the future, and this lends itself to the theory of optimal stopping problems. In particular we study the applicability of the Best Choice Problem (also known as the Secretary Problem), quickest change detection, and statistical process outliers. Our analysis can be used to identify specific sensor measurements that need to be protected, and the time that security or safety teams required to respond to attacks, before they cause major damage.
Rhinoplasty for Middle Eastern noses.

Rhinoplasty remains one of the most challenging operations, as exemplified in the Middle Eastern patient. The ill-defined, droopy tip, wide and high dorsum, and thick skin envelope mandate meticulous attention to preoperative evaluation and efficacious yet safe surgical maneuvers. The authors provide a systematic approach to evaluation and improvement of surgical outcomes in this patient population.



A retrospective, 3-year review identified patients of Middle Eastern heritage who underwent primary rhinoplasty and those who did not but had nasal photographs. Photographs and operative records (when applicable) were reviewed. Specific nasal characteristics, component-directed surgical techniques, and aesthetic outcomes were delineated.



The Middle Eastern nose has a combination of specific nasal traits, with some variability, including thick/sebaceous skin (excess fibrofatty tissue), high/wide dorsum with cartilaginous and bony humps, ill-defined nasal tip, weak/thin lateral crura relative to the skin envelope, nostril-tip imbalance, acute nasolabial and columellar-labial angles, and a droopy/hyperdynamic nasal tip. An aggressive yet nondestructive surgical approach to address the nasal imbalance often requires soft-tissue debulking, significant cartilaginous framework modification (with augmentation/strengthening), tip refinement/rotation/projection, low osteotomies, and depressor septi nasi muscle treatment. The most common postoperative defects were related to soft-tissue scarring, thickened skin envelope, dorsum irregularities, and prolonged edema in the supratip/tip region.



It is critical to improve the strength of the cartilaginous framework with respect to the thick, noncontractile skin/soft-tissue envelope, particularly when moderate to large dorsal reduction is required. A multitude of surgical maneuvers are often necessary to address all the salient characteristics of the Middle Eastern nose and to produce the desired aesthetic result.
Cause-specific excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity.

The association of body mass index (BMI) with cause-specific mortality has not been reported for the US population.



To estimate cause-specific excess deaths associated with underweight (BMI <18.5), overweight (BMI 25-<30), and obesity (BMI > or =30).



Cause-specific relative risks of mortality from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I, 1971-1975; II, 1976-1980; and III, 1988-1994, with mortality follow-up through 2000 (571,042 person-years of follow-up) were combined with data on BMI and other covariates from NHANES 1999-2002 with underlying cause of death information for 2.3 million adults 25 years and older from 2004 vital statistics data for the United States.



Cause-specific excess deaths in 2004 by BMI levels for categories of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all other causes (noncancer, non-CVD causes).



Based on total follow-up, underweight was associated with significantly increased mortality from noncancer, non-CVD causes (23,455 excess deaths; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11,848 to 35,061) but not associated with cancer or CVD mortality. Overweight was associated with significantly decreased mortality from noncancer, non-CVD causes (-69 299 excess deaths; 95% CI, -100 702 to -37 897) but not associated with cancer or CVD mortality. Obesity was associated with significantly increased CVD mortality (112,159 excess deaths; 95% CI, 87,842 to 136,476) but not associated with cancer mortality or with noncancer, non-CVD mortality. In further analyses, overweight and obesity combined were associated with increased mortality from diabetes and kidney disease (61 248 excess deaths; 95% CI, 49 685 to 72,811) and decreased mortality from other noncancer, non-CVD causes (-105,572 excess deaths; 95% CI, -161 816 to -49,328). Obesity was associated with increased mortality from cancers considered obesity-related (13,839 excess deaths; 95% CI, 1920 to 25,758) but not associated with mortality from other cancers. Comparisons across surveys suggested a decrease in the association of obesity with CVD mortality over time.



The BMI-mortality association varies by cause of death. These results help to clarify the associations of BMI with all-cause mortality.
Interforaminal hemorrhage during anterior mandibular implant placement: An overview

Implant surgery in mandibular anterior region may turn from an easy minor surgery into a complicated one for the surgeon, due to inadequate knowledge of the anatomy of the surgical area and/or ignorance toward the required surgical protocol. Hence, the purpose of this article is to present an overview on the: (a) Incidence of massive bleeding and its consequences after implant placement in mandibular anterior region. (b) Its etiology, the precautionary measures to be taken to avoid such an incidence in clinical practice and management of such a hemorrhage if at all happens. An inclusion criterion for selection of article was defined, and an electronic Medline search through different database using different keywords and manual search in journals and books was executed. Relevant articles were selected based upon inclusion criteria to form the valid protocols for implant surgery in the anterior mandible. Further, from the selected articles, 21 articles describing case reports were summarized separately in a table to alert the dental surgeons about the morbidity they could come across while operating in this region. If all the required adequate measures for diagnosis and treatment planning are taken and appropriate surgical protocol is followed, mandibular anterior region is no doubt a preferable area for implant placement.
A practical, robust implementation and sustainability model (PRISM) for integrating research findings into practice.

Although numerous studies address the efficacy and effectiveness of health interventions, less research addresses successfully implementing and sustaining interventions. As long as efficacy and effectiveness trials are considered complete without considering implementation in nonresearch settings, the public health potential of the original investments will not be realized. A barrier to progress is the absence of a practical, robust model to help identify the factors that need to be considered and addressed and how to measure success. A conceptual framework for improving practice is needed to integrate the key features for successful program design, predictors of implementation and diffusion, and appropriate outcome measures.


DEVELOPING PRISM
A comprehensive model for translating research into practice was developed using concepts from the areas of quality improvement, chronic care, the diffusion of innovations, and measures of the population-based effectiveness of translation. PRISM--the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model--evaluates how the health care program or intervention interacts with the recipients to influence program adoption, implementation, maintenance, reach, and effectiveness.



The PRISM model provides a new tool for researchers and health care decision makers that integrates existing concepts relevant to translating research into practice.