nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Individualised dietary strategies for Olympic combat sports: Acute weight loss, recovery and competition nutrition.

Olympic combat sports separate athletes into weight divisions, in an attempt to reduce size, strength, range and/or leverage disparities between competitors. Official weigh-ins are conducted anywhere from 3 and up to 24 h prior to competition ensuring athletes meet weight requirements (i.e. have 'made weight'). Fighters commonly aim to compete in weight divisions lower than their day-to-day weight, achieved via chronic and acute manipulations of body mass (BM). Although these manipulations may impair health and absolute performance, their strategic use can improve competitive success. Key considerations are the acute manipulations around weigh-in, which differ in importance, magnitude and methods depending on the requirements of the individual combat sport and the weigh-in regulations. In particular, the time available for recovery following weigh-in/before competition will determine what degree of acute BM loss can be implemented and reversed. Increased exercise and restricted food and fluid intake are undertaken to decrease body water and gut contents reducing BM. When taken to the extreme, severe weight-making practices can be hazardous, and efforts have been made to reduce their prevalence. Indeed some have called for the abolition of these practices altogether. In lieu of adequate strategies to achieve this, and the pragmatic recognition of the likely continuation of these practices as long as regulations allow, this review summarises guidelines for athletes and coaches for manipulating BM and optimising post weigh-in recovery, to achieve better health and performance outcomes across the different Olympic combat sports.
Differences in eating behaviours, dietary intake and body weight status between male and female Malaysian University students.

University students are potentially important targets for the promotion of healthy lifestyles as this may reduce the risks of lifestyle-related disorders later in life. This cross-sectional study examined differences in eating behaviours, dietary intake, weight status, and body composition between male and female university students.



A total of 584 students (59.4% females and 40.6% males) aged 20.6 +/- 1.4 years from four Malaysian universities in the Klang Valley participated in this study. Participants completed the Eating Behaviours Questionnaire and two-day 24-hour dietary recall. Body weight, height, waist circumference and percentage of body fat were measured.



About 14.3% of males and 22.4% of females were underweight, while 14.0% of males and 12.3% of females were overweight and obese. A majority of the participants (73.8% males and 74.6% females) skipped at least one meal daily in the past seven days. Breakfast was the most frequently skipped meal. Both males and females frequently snacked during morning tea time. Fruits and biscuits were the most frequently consumed snack items. More than half of the participants did not meet the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for energy, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, iron (females only), and calcium. Significantly more males than females achieved the RNI levels for energy, protein and iron intakes.



This study highlights the presence of unhealthy eating behaviours, inadequate nutrient intake, and a high prevalence of underweight among university students. Energy and nutrient intakes differed between the sexes. Therefore, promoting healthy eating among young adults is crucial to achieve a healthy nutritional status.
Prioritizing Attention in Fast Data : Principles and Promise

While data volumes continue to rise, the capacity of human attention remains limited. As a result, users need analytics engines that can assist in prioritizing attention in this fast data that is too large for manual inspection. We present a set of design principles for the design of fast data analytics engines that leverage the relative scarcity of human attention and overabundance of data: return fewer results, prioritize iterative analysis, and filter fast to compute less. We report on our early experiences employing these principles in the design and deployment of MacroBase, an open source analysis engine for prioritizing attention in fast data. By combining streaming operators for feature transformation, classification, and data summarization, MacroBase provides users with interpretable explanations of key behaviors, acting as a search engine for fast data.
Nurses relate the contributing factors involved in medication errors.

Understanding the processes by which nurses administer medication is critical to the minimization of medication errors. This study investigates nurses' views on the factors contributing to medication errors in the hope of facilitating improvements to medication administration processes.



A focus group of nine Registered Nurses discussed medication errors with which they were familiar as a result of both their own experiences and of literature review. The group, along with other researchers, then developed a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of three parts: narrative description of the error, the nurse's background and contributing factors. After the contributing factors had been elicited and verified with eight categories and 34 conditions, additional Registered Nurses were invited to participate by recalling one of the most significant medication errors that they had experienced and identifying contributing factors from those listed on the questionnaire. Identities of the hospital, patient and participants involved in the study remain confidential.



Of the 72 female nurses who responded, 55 (76.4%) believed more than one factor contributed to medication errors. 'Personal neglect' (86.1%), 'heavy workload' (37.5%) and 'new staff' (37.5%) were the three main factors in the eight categories. 'Need to solve other problems while administering drugs,''advanced drug preparation without rechecking,' and 'new graduate' were the top three of the 34 conditions. Medical wards (36.1%) and intensive care units (33.3%) were the two most error-prone places. The errors common to the two were 'wrong dose' (36.1%) and 'wrong drug' (26.4%). Antibiotics (38.9%) were the most commonly misadministered drugs.



Although the majority of respondents considered nurse's personal neglect as the leading factor in medication errors, analysis indicated that additional factors involving the health care system, patients' conditions and doctors' prescriptions all contributed to administration errors.


 TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Identification of the main factors and conditions contributing to medication errors allows clinical nurses and administration systems to eliminate situations that promote errors and to incorporate changes that minimize them, creating a safer patient environment.
Using Online Social Networks to Build Healthy Communities : A Design-based Research Investigation

This paper discusses the design and evaluation of an online social network used within twenty-two established after school programs across three major urban areas in the Northeastern United States. The overall goal of this initiative is to empower students in grades K-8 to prevent obesity through healthy eating and exercise. The online social network was designed to support communication between program participants. Results from the related evaluation indicate that the online social network has potential for advancing awareness and community action around health related issues; however, greater attention is needed to professional development programs for program facilitators, and design features could better support critical thinking, social presence, and social activity.
DC-DC Boost Converter with Constant Output Voltage for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Application System

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce an approach to design a DC-DC boost converter with constant output voltage for grid connected photovoltaic application system. The boost converter is designed to step up a fluctuating solar panel voltage to a higher constant DC voltage. It uses voltage feedback to keep the output voltage constant. To do so, a microcontroller is used as the heart of the control system which it tracks and provides pulse-width-modulation signal to control power electronic device in boost converter. The boost converter will be able to direct couple with grid-tied inverter for grid connected photovoltaic system. Simulations were performed to describe the proposed design. Experimental works were carried out with the designed boost converter which has a power rating of 100 W and 24 V output voltage operated in continuous conduction mode at 20 kHz switching frequency. The test results show that the proposed design exhibits a good performance.
Finger force vectors in multi-finger prehension.

In a majority of studies on grasp, only normal forces were measured and only when a zero torque was exerted on a hand-held object. This study concerns finger force vectors during the torque production tasks. Subjects (n=8) stabilized a handle with an attachment that allowed for change of external torque from -1.5 to 1.5 Nm. Forces and moments exerted by the digit tips on the object were recorded. At the large (>-0.375 Nm) supination torques the index/middle and ring/little pairs of fingers generated oppositely directed tangential forces. The index and middle finger produced forces in a downward direction and therefore did not support the load. At a zero torque and pronation torques, the middle, ring and little fingers produced forces along nearly the same direction. The vector of the index finger force was always directed differently from the vectors of other finger forces, the angles ranged from 19 degrees 30' to 47 degrees 40'. The points of force application were systematically displaced with the torque, with the exception of the little finger. Tangential finger forces contributed substantially to the total torque exerted on the hand-held object.
Characterizing Smartwatch Usage in the Wild

Smartwatch has become one of the most popular wearable computers on the market. We conduct an IRB-approved measurement study involving 27 Android smartwatch users. Using a 106-day dataset collected from our participants, we perform in-depth characterization of three key aspects of smartwatch usage "in the wild": usage patterns, energy consumption, and network traffic. Based on our findings, we identify key aspects of the smartwatch ecosystem that can be further improved, propose recommendations, and point out future research directions.
A non-volatile organic electrochemical device as a low-voltage artificial synapse for neuromorphic computing.

The brain is capable of massively parallel information processing while consuming only ∼1-100 fJ per synaptic event. Inspired by the efficiency of the brain, CMOS-based neural architectures and memristors are being developed for pattern recognition and machine learning. However, the volatility, design complexity and high supply voltages for CMOS architectures, and the stochastic and energy-costly switching of memristors complicate the path to achieve the interconnectivity, information density, and energy efficiency of the brain using either approach. Here we describe an electrochemical neuromorphic organic device (ENODe) operating with a fundamentally different mechanism from existing memristors. ENODe switches at low voltage and energy (<10 pJ for 103 μm2 devices), displays >500 distinct, non-volatile conductance states within a ∼1 V range, and achieves high classification accuracy when implemented in neural network simulations. Plastic ENODes are also fabricated on flexible substrates enabling the integration of neuromorphic functionality in stretchable electronic systems. Mechanical flexibility makes ENODes compatible with three-dimensional architectures, opening a path towards extreme interconnectivity comparable to the human brain.
Smart Cars on Smart Roads : Problems of Control

Proponents of Int,elligent Vehicle/Highway System or IVHS see it as a new technology which will make a major change in highway transportation. Control, communication and computing technologies will be combined into an IVHS system that can significantly increase safety and highway capacity without new roads having to be built. This paper outlines key features of one highly aut,omated IVHS system, shows how core driver decisions are improvedt proposes a basic IVHS control system architecture, and offers a design of some control s~bsyst~ems. It also summarizes some experimental work. We hope that the paper will stimulate interest in IVHS among control engineers.
A Novel Hand Gesture Recognition Based on High-Level Features

Gesture recognition plays an important role in human-computer interaction. However, most existing methods are complex and time-consuming, which limit the use of gesture recognition in real-time environments. In this paper, we propose a static gesture recognition system that combines depth information and skeleton data to classify gestures. Through feature fusion, hand digit gestures of 0-9 can be recognized accurately and efficiently. According to the experimental results, the proposed gesture recognition system is effective and robust, which is invariant to complex background, illumination changes, reversal, structural distortion, rotation etc. We have tested the system both online and offline which proved that our system is satisfactory to real-time requirements, and therefore it can be applied to gesture recognition in real-world human-computer interaction systems.
Mental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments.

The number of mental health apps (MHapps) developed and now available to smartphone users has increased in recent years. MHapps and other technology-based solutions have the potential to play an important part in the future of mental health care; however, there is no single guide for the development of evidence-based MHapps. Many currently available MHapps lack features that would greatly improve their functionality, or include features that are not optimized. Furthermore, MHapp developers rarely conduct or publish trial-based experimental validation of their apps. Indeed, a previous systematic review revealed a complete lack of trial-based evidence for many of the hundreds of MHapps available.



To guide future MHapp development, a set of clear, practical, evidence-based recommendations is presented for MHapp developers to create better, more rigorous apps.



A literature review was conducted, scrutinizing research across diverse fields, including mental health interventions, preventative health, mobile health, and mobile app design.



Sixteen recommendations were formulated. Evidence for each recommendation is discussed, and guidance on how these recommendations might be integrated into the overall design of an MHapp is offered. Each recommendation is rated on the basis of the strength of associated evidence. It is important to design an MHapp using a behavioral plan and interactive framework that encourages the user to engage with the app; thus, it may not be possible to incorporate all 16 recommendations into a single MHapp.



Randomized controlled trials are required to validate future MHapps and the principles upon which they are designed, and to further investigate the recommendations presented in this review. Effective MHapps are required to help prevent mental health problems and to ease the burden on health systems.
Coupling Between Finite Ground Coplanar Waveguides Embedded in Polyimide Layers for 3D-MMICs on Si

Three-dimensional circuits built upon multiple layers of polyimide are required for constructing Si/SiGe monolithic microwave/mm-wave integrated circuits on low resistivity Si wafers. However, the closely spaced transmission lines are susceptible to high levels of cross-coupling, which degrades the overall circuit performance. In this paper, theoretical and experimental results on coupling of Finite Ground Coplanar (FGC) waveguides embedded in polyimide layers are presented for the first time. These results show that FGC lines have approximately 8 dB lower coupling than coupled Coplanar Waveguides. Furthermore, it is shown that the forward and backward coupling characteristics for FGC lines do not resemble the coupling characteristics of other transmission lines such as microstrip.
Power Consumption Analysis of NB-IoT and eMTC in Challenging Smart City Environments

The upcoming Internet of Things will introduce large sensor networks including devices with very different propagation characteristics and power consumption demands. 5G aims to fulfill these requirements by demanding a battery lifetime of at least 10 years. To integrate smart devices that are located in challenging propagation conditions, IoT communication technologies furthermore have to support very deep coverage. NB-IoT and eMTC are designed to meet these requirements and thus paving the way to 5G. With the power saving options extended Discontinuous Reception and Power Saving Mode as well as the usage of large numbers of repetitions, NB-IoT and eMTC introduce new techniques to meet the 5G IoT requirements. In this paper, the performance of NB-IoT and eMTC is evaluated. Therefore, data rate, power consumption, latency and spectral efficiency are examined in different coverage conditions. Although both technologies use the same power saving techniques as well as repetitions to extend the communication range, the analysis reveals a different performance in the context of data size, rate and coupling loss. While eMTC comes with a 4% better battery lifetime than NB-IoT when considering 144 dB coupling loss, NB-IoT battery lifetime raises to 18% better performance in 164 dB coupling loss scenarios. The overall analysis shows that in coverage areas with a coupling loss of 155 dB or less, eMTC performs better, but requires much more bandwidth. Taking the spectral efficiency into account, NB-IoT is in all evaluated scenarios the better choice and more suitable for future networks with massive numbers of devices.
A novel waveform design for multi-target detection in automotive FMCW radar

FMCW (Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave) radar has been widely used in active safety systems recently. On account of range-velocity processing, ghost targets and missed targets exist in a multi-target situation. To address those issues, a two-step scheme as well as a novel FMCW waveform have been proposed in this paper. The proposed waveform contains four segments: fast up ramp, slow up ramp, flat frequency and slow down ramp in each period. The approximate range can be detected by using the fast up ramp in the first step, then the unambiguous velocity can be calculated during the flat frequency segment in the second step. The combination of the two independent measurements yields, finally, the real targets and eliminates the ghost targets. In addition, the computational complexity of our proposed scheme is 80% lower than ramps with different slopes method, and the effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated by simulation results.
User Evaluation of Websites: From First Impression to Recommendation

Content, usability, and aesthetics are core constructs in users’ perception and evaluation of websites, but little is known about their interplay in different use phases. In a first study web users (N=330) stated content as most relevant, followed by usability and aesthetics. In study 2 tests with four websites were performed (N=300), resulting data were modeled in path analyses. In this model aesthetics had the largest influence on first impressions, while all three constructs had an impact on first and overall impressions. However, only content contributed significantly to the intention to revisit or recommend a website. Using data from a third study (N=512, 42 websites), we were able to replicate this model. As before, perceived usability affected first and overall impressions, while content perception was important for all analyzed website use phases. In addition, aesthetics also had a small but significant impact on the participants’ intentions to revisit or recommend.
Squamous papilloma of the hard palate

Oral squamous papillomas are benign proliferating lesions induced by human papilloma virus. These lesions are painless and slowly growing masses. As an oral lesion, it raises concern because of its clinical appearance. These lesions commonly occur between age 30 and 50 years, and sometimes can occur before the age of 10 years. Oral squamous papilloma accounts for 8% of all oral tumors in children. Common site predilection for the lesion is the tongue and soft palate, and may occur on any other surface of the oral cavity such as the uvula and vermilion of the lip. Here, we are presenting a case of squamous papilloma on the palate.
Diagnostic efficiency of high-resolution ultrasonography in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorders

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect 8–12 % of the adolescent and adult population, resulting in patient discomfort and affecting quality of life. Despite the growing incidence of these disorders, an effective screening modality to detect TMDs is still lacking. Although magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for imaging of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), it has a few drawbacks such as cost and its time-consuming nature. High-resolution ultrasonography is a non-invasive and cost-effective imaging modality that enables simultaneous visualization of the hard and soft tissue components of the TMJ. This study aimed to evaluate the correlations between the clinical signs and symptoms of patients with chronic TMJ disorders and their ultrasonographic findings, thereby enabling the use of ultrasonography as an imaging modality for screening of TMDs. Twenty patients with chronic TMDs were selected according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs. Ultrasonographic imaging of individual TMJs was performed to assess the destructive changes, effusion, and disc dislocation. Fisher’s exact test was used to examine the correlations between the findings obtained from the ultrasonographic investigation and the clinical signs and symptoms. There was a significant correlation between pain and joint effusion as well as between clicking and surface erosion. The present findings suggest that ultrasonography can be used as a screening modality to assess the hard and soft tissue changes in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of TMDs.
Context Aware Post-filtering for Web Service Clustering

Web service discovery is becoming a challenging and time consuming task due to large number of Web services available on the Internet. Organizing the Web services into functionally similar clusters is one of a very efficient approach for reducing the search space. However, similarity calculation methods that are used in current approaches such as string-based, corpus-based, knowledge-based and hybrid methods have problems that include discovering semantic characteristics, loss of semantic information, encoding fine-grained information and shortage of high-quality ontologies. Because of these issues, the approaches couldn't identify the correct clusters for some services and placed them in wrong clusters. As a result of this, cluster performance is reduced. This paper proposes post-filtering approach to increase precision by rearranging services incorrectly clustered. Our approach uses context aware method that learns term similarity by machine learning under domain context. Experimental results show that our post-filtering approach works efficiently.