nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of self-construal in consumers' electronic word of mouth (eWOM) in social networking sites: A social cognitive approach

The current study reconceptualized self-construal as a social cognitive indicator of self-observation that individuals employ for developing and maintaining social relationship with others. From the social cognitive perspective, this study investigated how consumers’ self-construal can affect consumers’ electronic word of mouth (eWOM) behavior through two cognitive factors (online community engagement self-efficacy and social outcome expectations) in the context of a social networking site. This study conducted an online experiment that directed 160 participants to visit a newly created online community. The results demonstrated that consumers’ relational view became salient when the consumers’ self-construal was primed to be interdependent rather than independent. Further, the results showed that such interdependent self-construal positively influenced consumers’ eWOM behavioral intentions through their community engagement self-efficacy and their social outcome expectations.
Li-Fi Based Automatic Traffic Signal Control for Emergency Vehicles

India is one of the fastest developing country in the world. One of the disadvantages of this unprecedented growth is the ineffective traffic management. Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a form of bi-directional Visible Light Communication (VLC) in which light is modulated at speeds greater than a human eye can follow. Li-Fi can be used to implement Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication as it has many advantages over other communication protocols. One of the main advantages of Li-Fi is that it provides connectivity within a very large area with more security and higher data rates. Emergency vehicles such as Ambulances, Firefighting trucks, Police vehicles etc. can propagate faster through traffic-dense roads using Li-Fi based V2V communication system. In this paper, a V2V communication system is proposed in which the headlight and tail light of a vehicle are made as Li-Fi transmitter and Li-Fi receiver respectively. Using the proposed system, when a traffic signal receives an alert regarding an emergency vehicle, the traffic signal would immediately turn green. Thus, decreasing the waiting time of emergency vehicles in traffic dense lanes. The proposed system was designed, implemented and tested for its operation.
The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements

In the second full paragraph of page 21, change George A. Miller's dates from " (1920—) " to " (1920—2012) " In the last full paragraph of page 33, replace " The claim that these " in the sentence " The claim that these two ... " by " That these " and eliminate the parenthetical sentence following that sentence, (" The claim has not. .. "). Move footnote #51 to occur along with footnote #50.
Modeling Discrete Interventional Data using Directed Cyclic Graphical Models

We outline a representation for discrete multivariate distributions in terms of interventional potential functions that are globally normalized. This representation can be used to model the effects of interventions, and the independence properties encoded in this model can be represented as a directed graph that allows cycles. In addition to discussing inference and sampling with this representation, we give an exponential family parametrization that allows parameter estimation to be stated as a convex optimization problem; we also give a convex relaxation of the task of simultaneous parameter and structure learning using group `1regularization. The model is evaluated on simulated data and intracellular flow cytometry data.
STTM: A Tool for Short Text Topic Modeling

Along with the emergence and popularity of social communications on the Internet, topic discovery from short texts becomes fundamental to many applications that require semantic understanding of textual content. As a rising research field, short text topic modeling presents a new and complementary algorithmic methodology to supplement regular text topic modeling, especially targets to limited word co-occurrence information in short texts. This paper presents the first comprehensive open-source package, called STTM, for use in Java that integrates the state-of-theart models of short text topic modeling algorithms, benchmark datasets, and abundant functions for model inference and evaluation. The package is designed to facilitate the expansion of new methods in this research field and make evaluations between the new approaches and existing ones accessible. STTM is open-sourced at https://github.com/qiang2100/STTM.he
Agent based modeling of Treg-Teff cross regulation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of central nervous system that causes the removal of fatty myelin sheath from axons of the brain and spinal cord. Autoimmunity plays an important role in this pathology outcome and body's own immune system attacks on the myelin sheath causing the damage. The etiology of the disease is partially understood and the response to treatment cannot easily be predicted. We presented the results obtained using 8 genetically predisposed randomly chosen individuals reproducing both the absence and presence of malfunctions of the Teff-Treg cross-balancing mechanisms at a local level. For simulating the absence of a local malfunction we supposed that both Teff and Treg populations had similar maximum duplication rates. Results presented here suggest that presence of a genetic predisposition is not always a sufficient condition for developing the disease. Other conditions such as a breakdown of the mechanisms that regulate and allow peripheral tolerance should be involved. The presented model allows to capture the essential dynamics of relapsing-remitting MS despite its simplicity. It gave useful insights that support the hypothesis of a breakdown of Teff-Treg cross balancing mechanisms.
Sizing Up the Troll: A Quantitative Characterization of Moderator-Identified Trolling in an Online Forum

A few troublemakers often spoil online environments for everyone else. An extremely disruptive type of abuser is the troll, whose malicious activities are relatively non-obvious, and thus difficult to detect and contain -- particularly by automated systems. A growing corpus of qualitative research focuses on trolling, and differentiates it from other forms of abuse; however, its findings are not directly actionable into automated systems. On the other hand, quantitative research uses definitions of "troll" that mostly fail to capture what moderators and users consider trolling. We address this gap by giving a quantitative analysis of posts, conversations, and users, specifically sanctioned for trolling in an online forum. Although trolls (unlike most other abusers) hardly stand out in a conversation e.g. in terms of vocabulary, textit{how} they interact, rather than textit{what} they contribute, provides cues of their malicious intent.
Densely Connected Pyramid Dehazing Network

We propose a new end-to-end single image dehazing method, called Densely Connected Pyramid Dehazing Network (DCPDN), which can jointly learn the transmission map, atmospheric light and dehazing all together. The end-to-end learning is achieved by directly embedding the atmospheric scattering model into the network, thereby ensuring that the proposed method strictly follows the physics-driven scattering model for dehazing. Inspired by the dense network that can maximize the information flow along features from different levels, we propose a new edge-preserving densely connected encoder-decoder structure with multi-level pyramid pooling module for estimating the transmission map. This network is optimized using a newly introduced edge-preserving loss function. To further incorporate the mutual structural information between the estimated transmission map and the dehazed result, we propose a joint-discriminator based on generative adversarial network framework to decide whether the corresponding dehazed image and the estimated transmission map are real or fake. An ablation study is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of each module evaluated at both estimated transmission map and dehazed result. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant improvements over the state-of-the-art methods. Code and dataset is made available at: https://github.com/hezhangsprinter/DCPDN
An Empirical Exploration of a Definition of Creative Novelty for Generative Art

We explore a new definition of creativity — one which emphasizes the statistical capacity of a system to generate previously unseen patterns — and discuss motivations for this perspective in the context of machine learning. We show the definition to be computationally tractable, and apply it to the domain of generative art, utilizing a collection of features drawn from image processing. We next utilize our model of creativity in an interactive evolutionary art task, that of generating biomorphs. An individual biomorph is considered a potentially creative system by considering its capacity to generate novel children. We consider the creativity of biomorphs discovered via interactive evolution, via our creativity measure, and as a control, via totally random generation. It is shown that both the former methods find individuals deemed creative by our measure; Further, we argue that several of the discovered “creative” individuals are novel in a human-understandable way. We conclude that our creativity measure has the capacity to aid in user-guided
Speeding up Context-based Sentence Representation Learning with Non-autoregressive Convolutional Decoding

Context plays an important role in human language understanding, thus it may also be useful for machines learning vector representations of language. In this paper, we explore an asymmetric encoder-decoder structure for unsupervised context-based sentence representation learning. We carefully designed experiments to show that neither an autoregressive decoder nor an RNN decoder is required. After that, we designed a model which still keeps an RNN as the encoder, while using a non-autoregressive convolutional decoder. We further combine a suite of effective designs to significantly improve model efficiency while also achieving better performance. Our model is trained on two different large unlabelled corpora, and in both cases the transferability is evaluated on a set of downstream NLP tasks. We empirically show that our model is simple and fast while producing rich sentence representations that excel in downstream tasks.
CacheShield: Protecting Legacy Processes Against Cache Attacks

Cache attacks pose a threat to any code whose execution ow or memory accesses depend on sensitive information. Especially in public clouds, where caches are shared across several tenants, cache attacks remain an unsolved problem. Cache attacks rely on evictions by the spy process, which alter the execution behavior of the victim process. We show that hardware performance events of cryptographic routines reveal the presence of cache attacks. Based on this observation, we propose CacheShield, a tool to protect legacy code by monitoring its execution and detecting the presence of cache attacks, thus providing the opportunity to take preventative measures. CacheShield can be run by users and does not require alteration of the OS or hypervisor, while previously proposed software-based countermeasures require cooperation from the hypervisor. Unlike methods that try to detect malicious processes, our approach is lean, as only a fraction of the system needs to be monitored. It also integrates well into today’s cloud infrastructure, as concerned users can opt to use CacheShield without support from the cloud service provider. Our results show that CacheShield detects cache attacks fast, with high reliability, and with few false positives, even in the presence of strong noise.
A comprehensive model for Web sites quality

Many of existing criteria for evaluating Web sites quality require methods such as heuristic evaluations, or/and empirical usability tests. This paper aims at defining a quality model and a set of characteristics relating internal and external quality factors and giving clues about potential problems, which can be measured by automated tools. The first step in the quality assessment process is an automatic check of the source code, followed by manual evaluation, possibly supported by an appropriate user panel. As many existing tools can check sites (mainly considering accessibility issues), the general architecture will be based upon a conceptual model of the site/page, and the tools will export their output to a Quality Data Base, which is the basis for subsequent actions (checking, reporting test results, etc.).
A prospective evaluation of plastibell® circumcision in older children.

Circumcision is one of the oldest surgical procedures and one of the most frequently performed worldwide. It can be done by many different techniques. This prospective series presents the results of Plastibell® circumcision in children older than 2 years of age, evaluating surgical duration, immediate and late complications, time for plastic device separation and factors associated with it.



We prospectively analyzed 119 children submitted to Plastic Device Circumcision with Plastibell® by only one surgeon from December 2009 to June 2011. In all cases the surgery was done under general anesthesia associated with dorsal penile nerve block. Before surgery length of the penis and latero-lateral diameter of the glans were measured. Surgical duration, time of Plastibell® separation and use of analgesic medication in the post-operative period were evaluated. Patients were followed on days 15, 45, 90 and 120 after surgery.



Age at surgery varied from 2 to 12.5 (5.9 ± 2.9) years old. Mean surgical time was 3.7 ± 2.0 minutes (1.9 to 9 minutes). Time for plastic device separation ranged from 6 to 26 days (mean: 16 ± 4.2 days), being 14.8 days for children younger than 5 years of age and 17.4 days for those older than 5 years of age (p < 0.0001). The diameter of the Plastibell® does not interfered in separations time (p = 0,484). Late complications occurred in 32 (26.8%) subjects, being the great majority of low clinical significance, especially prepucial adherences, edema of the mucosa and discrete hypertrophy of the scar, all resolving with clinical treatment. One patient still using diaper had meatus stenosis and in one case the Plastibell® device stayed between the glans and the prepuce and needed to be removed manually.



Circumcision using a plastic device is a safe, quick and an easy technique with low complications, that when occur are of low clinical importance and of easy resolution. The mean time for the device to fall is shorter in children under 6 years of age and it is not influenced by the diameter of the device.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of WAIS-IV in a Clinical Sample : Examining a Bi-Factor Model

There have been a number of studies that have examined the factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV (WAIS-IV) using the standardization sample. In this study, we investigate its factor structure on a clinical neuropsychology sample of mixed aetiology. Correlated factor, higher-order and bi-factor models are all tested. Overall, the results suggest that the WAIS-IV will be suitable for use with this population.
M-Flash: Fast Billion-Scale Graph Computation Using a Bimodal Block Processing Model

Recent graph computation approaches have demonstrated that a single PC can perform efficiently on billion-scale graphs. While these approaches achieve scalability by optimizing I/O operations, they do not fully exploit the capabilities of modern hard drives and processors. To overcome their performance, in this work, we introduce the Bimodal Block Processing (BBP), an innovation that is able to boost the graph computation by minimizing the I/O cost even further. With this strategy, we achieved the following contributions: (1) M-Flash, the fastest graph computation framework to date; (2) a flexible and simple programming model to easily implement popular and essential graph algorithms, including the first single-machine billion-scale eigensolver; and (3) extensive experiments on real graphs with up to 6.6 billion edges, demonstrating M-Flash’s consistent and significant speedup.
The intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of lotilaner in dogs

Lotilaner is a new oral ectoparasiticide from the isoxazoline class developed for the treatment of flea and tick infestations in dogs. It is formulated as pure S-enantiomer in flavoured chewable tablets (Credelio™). The pharmacokinetics of lotilaner were thoroughly determined after intravenous and oral administration and under different feeding regimens in dogs. Twenty-six adult beagle dogs were enrolled in a pharmacokinetic study evaluating either intravenous or oral administration of lotilaner. Following the oral administration of 20 mg/kg, under fed or fasted conditions, or intravenous administration of 3 mg/kg, blood samples were collected up to 35 days after treatment. The effects of timing of offering food and the amount of food consumed prior or after dosing on bioavailability were assessed in a separate study in 25 adult dogs. Lotilaner blood concentrations were measured using a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. In addition, in vivo enantiomer stability was evaluated in an analytical study. Following oral administration in fed animals, lotilaner was readily absorbed and peak blood concentrations reached within 2 hours. The terminal half-life was 30.7 days. Food enhanced the absorption, providing an oral bioavailability above 80% and reduced the inter-individual variability. Moreover, the time of feeding with respect to dosing (fed 30 min prior, fed at dosing or fed 30 min post-dosing) or the reduction of the food ration to one-third of the normal daily ration did not impact bioavailability. Following intravenous administration, lotilaner had a low clearance of 0.18 l/kg/day, large volumes of distribution Vz and Vss of 6.35 and 6.45 l/kg, respectively and a terminal half-life of 24.6 days. In addition, there was no in vivo racemization of lotilaner. The pharmacokinetic properties of lotilaner administered orally as a flavoured chewable tablet (Credelio™) were studied in detail. With a Tmax of 2 h and a terminal half-life of 30.7 days under fed conditions, lotilaner provides a rapid onset of flea and tick killing activity with consistent and sustained efficacy for at least 1 month.
Hallucinating Compressed Face Images

A face hallucination algorithm is proposed to generate high-resolution images from JPEG compressed low-resolution inputs by decomposing a deblocked face image into structural regions such as facial components and non-structural regions like the background. For structural regions, landmarks are used to retrieve adequate high-resolution component exemplars in a large dataset based on the estimated head pose and illumination condition. For non-structural regions, an efficient generic super resolution algorithm is applied to generate high-resolution counterparts. Two sets of gradient maps extracted from these two regions are combined to guide an optimization process of generating the hallucination image. Numerous experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against the state-of-the-art hallucination methods on JPEG compressed face images with different poses, expressions, and illumination conditions.
A switched inductor multilevel boost converter

This paper presents a new single stage dc-dc boost converter topology with very large gain conversion ratio as a switched inductor multilevel boost converter (SIMLBC). It is a PWM-based dc-dc converter which combines the Switched-Inductor Structures and the switching capacitor function to provide a very large output voltage with different output dc levels which makes it suitable for multilevel inverter applications. The proposed topology has only single switch like the conventional dc-dc converter which can be controlled in a very simple way. In addition to, two inductors, 2N+2 diodes, N is the number of output dc voltage levels, and 2N-1 dc capacitors. A high switching frequency is employed to decrease the size of these components and thus much increasing the dynamic performance. The proposed topology has been compared with the existence dc-dc boost converters and it gives a higher voltage gain conversion ratio. The proposed converter has been analyzed, simulated and a prototype has been built and experimentally tested. Simulation and experimental results have been provided for validation.
Carbohydrate terminology and classification

Dietary carbohydrates are a group of chemically defined substances with a range of physical and physiological properties and health benefits. As with other macronutrients, the primary classification of dietary carbohydrate is based on chemistry, that is character of individual monomers, degree of polymerization (DP) and type of linkage (α or β), as agreed at the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Consultation in 1997. This divides carbohydrates into three main groups, sugars (DP 1–2), oligosaccharides (short-chain carbohydrates) (DP 3–9) and polysaccharides (DP⩾10). Within this classification, a number of terms are used such as mono- and disaccharides, polyols, oligosaccharides, starch, modified starch, non-starch polysaccharides, total carbohydrate, sugars, etc. While effects of carbohydrates are ultimately related to their primary chemistry, they are modified by their physical properties. These include water solubility, hydration, gel formation, crystalline state, association with other molecules such as protein, lipid and divalent cations and aggregation into complex structures in cell walls and other specialized plant tissues. A classification based on chemistry is essential for a system of measurement, predication of properties and estimation of intakes, but does not allow a simple translation into nutritional effects since each class of carbohydrate has overlapping physiological properties and effects on health. This dichotomy has led to the use of a number of terms to describe carbohydrate in foods, for example intrinsic and extrinsic sugars, prebiotic, resistant starch, dietary fibre, available and unavailable carbohydrate, complex carbohydrate, glycaemic and whole grain. This paper reviews these terms and suggests that some are more useful than others. A clearer understanding of what is meant by any particular word used to describe carbohydrate is essential to progress in translating the growing knowledge of the physiological properties of carbohydrate into public health messages.
An improved methodology to map Snow Cover by means of Landsat and MODIS imagery

In this article we propose a methodology to determine snow cover by means of Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-5 TM images, as well as an improvement in daily Snow Cover TERRA- MODIS product (MOD10A1), between 2002 and 2005. Both methodologies are based on a NDSI threshold > 0.4. In the Landsat case, and although this threshold also selects water bodies, we have obtained optimal results using a mask of water bodies and generating a pre-boundary snow mask around the snow cover. Moreover, an important improvement in snow cover mapping in shadow cast areas by means of a hybrid classification has been obtained. Using these results as ground truth we have verified MODIS Snow Cover product using coincident dates. In the MODIS product, we have noted important commission errors in water bodies, forest covers and orographic shades because of the NDVI-NDSI filter applied to this product. In order to improve MODIS snow cover determination using MODIS images, we propose a hybrid methodology based on experience with Landsat images, which provide greater spatial resolution.