nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep r -th Root of Rank Supervised Joint Binary Embedding for Multivariate Time Series Retrieval

Multivariate time series data are becoming increasingly common in numerous real world applications, e.g., power plant monitoring, health care, wearable devices, automobile, etc. As a result, multivariate time series retrieval, i.e., given the current multivariate time series segment, how to obtain its relevant time series segments in the historical data (or in the database), attracts significant amount of interest in many fields. Building such a system, however, is challenging since it requires a compact representation of the raw time series which can explicitly encode the temporal dynamics as well as the correlations (interactions) between different pairs of time series (sensors). Furthermore, it requires query efficiency and expects a returned ranking list with high precision on the top. Despite the fact that various approaches have been developed, few of them can jointly resolve these two challenges. To cope with this issue, in this paper we propose a Deep r-th root of Rank Supervised Joint Binary Embedding (Deep r-RSJBE) to perform multivariate time series retrieval. Given a raw multivariate time series segment, we employ Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units to encode the temporal dynamics and utilize Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to encode the correlations (interactions) between different pairs of time series (sensors). Subsequently, a joint binary embedding is pursued to incorporate both the temporal dynamics and the correlations. Finally, we develop a novel r-th root ranking loss to optimize the precision at the top of a Hamming distance ranking list. Thoroughly empirical studies based upon three publicly available time series datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of Deep r-RSJBE.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF CARDIAC NURSES ABOUT COMMONLY ADMINISTERED DRUGS IN CARDIAC SURGICAL ICU PROJECT REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma in Cardiovascular and Thoracic Nursing

A study to assess the knowledge of Cardiac Nurses about commonly administered drugs in Cardiac Surgical ICU. Nurses are responsible for preparing and administering potent drugs that affects the patient's cardiovascular functions. Nurses should be competent enough in medicine administration to prevent medication errors. Each nurse should be aware of indication, action, contraindications, adverse reactions and interactions of drugs.  -1. To identify knowledge about commonly administered drugs in Cardiac Surgical ICU among Cardiac Nurses. 2. To identify the relationship between knowledge level about commonly administered drugs in Cardiac Surgical ICU and selected variables.  -Pilot study was done in 5 cardiac speciality nursing students, then 25 cardiac nurses were selected randomly from the CSICU including permanent @ temporary registered nurses for the study; Convenient sampling technique was used for selecting the sample. Total period of study was from August 2011 to October 2011. A self-administered questionnaire was used in the form of multiple choices.  Study shows that 3% of the sample had poor knowledge, 23% had average knowledge, 57% had fair knowledge and 17% had good knowledge about commonly administered drugs in CSICU. There was no statistically significant difference when comparing the mean knowledge score with age, professional qualification, year of experience and CPCR training programme attended. There was statistically significant higher knowledge score in nurses with increase in ICU experience.  -Majority of cardiac nurses have above average knowledge about commonly administered drugs in CSICU.
Phase Shifters With Wide Range of Phase and Ultra-Wideband Performance Using Stub-Loaded Coupled Structure

Compact planar phase shifters with wide range of differential phase shift across ultra-wideband frequency are proposed. To achieve that performance, the devices use broadside coupled structure terminated with open-ended or short-ended stubs. The theory of operation for the proposed devices is derived. To validate the theory, several phase shifters are designed to achieve a differential phase ranging from -180° to 180°. Moreover, three prototypes are developed and tested. The simulated and measured results agree well with the theory and show less than 7° phase deviation and 1.4 dB insertion loss across the band 3.1-10.6 GHz.
Parallel information processing in the water maze: evidence for independent memory systems involving dorsal striatum and hippocampus.

This experiment investigated the ability of rats with dorsal striatal or fornix damage to learn the location of a visible platform in a water maze. We also assessed the animals' ability to find the platform when it was hidden (submerged). Rats with neurotoxic damage to the dorsal striatum acquired both the visible and hidden platform versions of the task, but when required to choose between the spatial location they had learned and the visible platform in a new location they swam first to the old spatial location. Rats with radio-frequency damage to the fornix acquired the visible platform version of the water maze task but failed to learn about the platform's location in space. When the visible platform was moved to a new location they swam directly to it. Normal rats acquired both the visible and hidden platform versions of the task. These findings suggest that in the absence of a functional neural system that includes dorsal striatum, spatial information predominantly controlled behavior even in the presence of a cue that the animals had previously been reinforced for approaching. In the absence of a functional hippocampal system behavior was not affected by spatial information and responding to local reinforced cues was enhanced. The results support the idea that different neural substrates in the mammalian nervous system acquire different types of information simultaneously and in parallel.
Definite Reference and Mutual Knowledge : Process Models of Common Ground in Comprehension

What role does mutual knowledge play in the comprehension process? We compare two answers to this question for the comprehension of definite reference. The Restricted Search hypothesis assumes that addressees rely on the principle of optimal design and understand definite reference by restricting the search for referents to entities in common ground. The Unrestricted Search hypothesis assumes that the search for referents is not restricted to entities in common ground. Only the Unrestricted Search hypothesis predicts that entities that are not in common ground would interfere with comprehension of definite reference. Experiment 1 reveals such interference in increased errors and verification latencies during the resolution of pronouns. Experiment 2 demonstrates the interference by tracking the addressee’s eye movements during the comprehension of demonstrative reference. We discuss alternative models of comprehension that could account for the results, and we describe the role that common ground plays in each model. We propose a Perspective Adjustment model that assumes a search for referents that is independent of common ground, coupled with a monitoring process that detects violations of common ground and adjusts the interpretation. This model assumes a role for common ground only when a correction is needed. We challenge both the assumption that addressees follow the principle of optimal design and the assumption that the principle is optimal.
Changes in physiological properties of bacteriophage-insensitive Staphylococcus aureus

This study was designed to assess the physiological properties of bacteriophage-insensitive Staphylococcus aureus (BISA) mutants, comparing lytic activity, antibiotic susceptibility, gene expression, sessile-forming ability, and sessile cell stability. Wild-type S. aureus (WTSA) was used to isolate BISA mutants against bacteriophage SA11 by the agar plate method. BISA mutants varied in their bacteriophage specificity and antibiotic susceptibility. The highest resistance to bacteriophage SA11 was observed in BISA4, followed by BISA3, BISA2, and BISA1. Enhanced bacteriophage resistance was stable in BISA2, BISA3, and BISA4 during the 24-h incubation period at 37 °C. The adhesion-related genes (clfA, clfB, eno, fib, and fnbB) were up-regulated in all BISA mutants, which correlated well with the sessile-forming ability but not the stability of sessile cells. This study provides new insights into the diversity in phenotypic and molecular properties of bacteriophage-resistant S. aureus during the planktonic-to-sessile transition and mature sessile stages.
A multi-view probabilistic model for 3D object classes

We propose a novel probabilistic framework for learning visual models of 3D object categories by combining appearance information and geometric constraints. Objects are represented as a coherent ensemble of parts that are consistent under 3D viewpoint transformations. Each part is a collection of salient image features. A generative framework is used for learning a model that captures the relative position of parts within each of the discretized viewpoints. Contrary to most of the existing mixture of viewpoints models, our model establishes explicit correspondences of parts across different viewpoints of the object class. Given a new image, detection and classification are achieved by determining the position and viewpoint of the model that maximize recognition scores of the candidate objects. Our approach is among the first to propose a generative probabilistic framework for 3D object categorization. We test our algorithm on the detection task and the viewpoint classification task by using “car” category from both the Savarese et al. 2007 and PASCAL VOC 2006 datasets. We show promising results in both the detection and viewpoint classification tasks on these two challenging datasets.
Integrating Automated Fingerprint-Based Attendance into a University Portal System

Student learning and academic performance hinge largely on frequency of class attendance and participation. The fingerprint recognition system aims at providing an accurate and efficient attendance management service to staff and students within an existing portal system. The integration of a unique and accurate identification system into the existing portal system offers at least, two advantages: accurate and efficient analysis and reporting of student attendance on a continuous basis; and also facilitating the provision of personalised services, enhancing user experience altogether. An integrated portal system was developed to automate attendance management and tested for fifty students in five attempts. The 98% accuracy achieved by the system points to the feasibility of large scale deployment and interoperability of multiple devices using existing technology infrastructure.
Adjustment of Sonar and Laser Acquisition Data for Building the 3D Reference Model of a Canal Tunnel †

In this paper, we focus on the construction of a full 3D model of a canal tunnel by combining terrestrial laser (for its above-water part) and sonar (for its underwater part) scans collected from static acquisitions. The modeling of such a structure is challenging because the sonar device is used in a narrow environment that induces many artifacts. Moreover, the location and the orientation of the sonar device are unknown. In our approach, sonar data are first simultaneously denoised and meshed. Then, above- and under-water point clouds are co-registered to generate directly the full 3D model of the canal tunnel. Faced with the lack of overlap between both models, we introduce a robust algorithm that relies on geometrical entities and partially-immersed targets, which are visible in both the laser and sonar point clouds. A full 3D model, visually promising, of the entrance of a canal tunnel is obtained. The analysis of the method raises several improvement directions that will help with obtaining more accurate models, in a more automated way, in the limits of the involved technology.
Comment on "computational study on the vinyl azide decomposition".

It is quite possible that ketenimine is formed, as predicted by the authors, in a concerted reaction in the thermolysis of vinyl azide with a barrier of ca. 38 kcal/mol. However, the theoretical treatment is inappropriate as regards the potential vinylnitrene intermediate or transition state, since singlereference methods such as DFT or MP2 cannot provide a correct description. It is now well-known that the lowest singlet state of vinylnitrene is in fact the open-shell singlet (OSS). It cannot be treated adequately by DFT methods, as it requires at least two determinants to be described correctly. Thus, multiconfigurational methods are required. Several such calculations have been reported for the parent vinylnitrene, and substituted vinylnitrenes, but references to these publications are missing in the work of Duarte et al. Indeed, CASPT2 calculations on the relationship between 2Hazirine 2, acetonitrile 3, ketenimine 4, and vinylnitrene 5, have shown that the thermal ring opening of 2 to OSS vinylnitrene 5 has an activation barrier of ca. 33 kcal/mol (Scheme 1). The OSS vinylnitrene 5 undergoes a very facile 1,2-H-shift to acetonitrile with a barrier of ca. 6.5 kcal/mol, whereas the corresponding rearrangement to ketenimine would require ca. 33 kcal/mol. Although it can be debated whether the OSS vinylnitrene 5 is a transition state for ring closure to 2H-azirine without a barrier, or an intermediate with a small barrier of 5 kcal/mol, the important point is that it lies some 25 kcal/mol below the CSS nitrene. Thus, the OSS nitrene needs to be considered in thermal and photochemical chemistry of the C2H3N ensemble.
A peculiar case of suicide enacted through the ancient Japanese ritual of Jigai.

In the past, self-infliction of sharp force was a classic form of suicide, while in modern times it is quite rare, constituting only 2% to 3% of all self-inflicted deaths. In Japan, the jigai (Japanese characters: see text) ritual is a traditional method of female suicide, carried out by cutting the jugular vein using a knife called a tantō. The jigai ritual is the feminine counterpart of seppuku (well-known as harakiri), the ritual suicide of samurai warriors, which was carried out by a deep slash into the abdomen. In contrast to seppuku, jigai can be performed without assistance, which was fundamental for seppuku.The case we describe here involves an unusual case of suicide in which the victim was a male devotee of Japanese culture and weapons. He was found dead in his bathtub with a deep slash in the right lateral-cervical area, having cut only the internal jugular vein with a tantō knife, exactly as specified by the jigai ritual.
Signalling to eIF4E in cancer

Translational control plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes and affects many essential cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Under most circumstances, translational control occurs at the initiation step at which the ribosome is recruited to the mRNA. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), as part of the eIF4F complex, interacts first with the mRNA and facilitates the recruitment of the 40S ribosomal subunit. The activity of eIF4E is regulated at many levels, most profoundly by two major signalling pathways: PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (also known and Protein Kinase B, PKB)/mTOR (mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin) and Ras (rat sarcoma)/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/Mnk (MAPK-interacting kinases). mTOR directly phosphorylates the 4E-BPs (eIF4E-binding proteins), which are inhibitors of eIF4E, to relieve translational suppression, whereas Mnk phosphorylates eIF4E to stimulate translation. Hyperactivation of these pathways occurs in the majority of cancers, which results in increased eIF4E activity. Thus, translational control via eIF4E acts as a convergence point for hyperactive signalling pathways to promote tumorigenesis. Consequently, recent works have aimed to target these pathways and ultimately the translational machinery for cancer therapy.
Direct Inverse Control using an Artificial Neural Network for the Autonomous Hover of a Helicopter

This paper presents the initial results of a research project which investigates the application of the Direct Inverse Control technique to the problem of the Autonomous Hover of a quadrotor UAV Helicopter. The goal of the project is to investigate the effectiveness of the Direct Inverse Control technique using an Artificial Neural Network to learn and then cancel out the Hover dynamics of the quadrotor UAV Helicopter under various environmental conditions during a hover mode. The project is to evaluate how robust the control technique is to uncertainty and change in nonlinear dynamics.
Data clustering based on correlation analysis applied to highly variable domains

Clustering of traffic data based on correlation analysis is an important element of several network management objectives including traffic shaping and quality of service control. Existing correlation-based clustering algorithms are affected by poor results when applied to highly variable time series characterizing most network traffic data. This paper proposes a new similarity measure for computing clusters of highly variable data on the basis of their correlation. Experimental evaluations on several synthetic and real datasets show the accuracy and robustness of the proposed solution that improves existing clustering methods based on statistical correlations.
Programming and Robotics with Scratch in Primary Education

The chapter includes a description via examples of the: objectives of integrating programming and robotics in elementary school; the pedagogical infrastructure, including a description of constructionism and computational thinking; the hardware-software support of the projects with Scratch and WeDo; and the academic support to teachers and students with LearnScratch.org. Programming and Robotics are areas of knowledge that have been historically the domain of courses in higher education and more recently in secondary education and professional studies. Today, as a result of technological advances, we have access to graphic platforms of programming, specially designed for younger students, as well as construction kits with simple sensors and actuators that can be programmed from a computer.
Resilience, an Evolving Concept: A Review of Literature Relevant to Aboriginal Research.

Resilience has been most frequently defined as positive adaptation despite adversity. Over the past 40 years, resilience research has gone through several stages. From an initial focus on the invulnerable or invincible child, psychologists began to recognize that much of what seems to promote resilience originates outside of the individual. This led to a search for resilience factors at the individual, family, community - and, most recently, cultural - levels. In addition to the effects that community and culture have on resilience in individuals, there is growing interest in resilience as a feature of entire communities and cultural groups. Contemporary researchers have found that resilience factors vary in different risk contexts and this has contributed to the notion that resilience is a process. In order to characterize the resilience process in a particular context, it is necessary to identify and measure the risk involved and, in this regard, perceived discrimination and historical trauma are part of the context in many Aboriginal communities. Researchers also seek to understand how particular protective factors interact with risk factors and with other protective factors to support relative resistance. For this purpose they have developed resilience models of three main types: "compensatory," "protective," and "challenge" models. Two additional concepts are resilient reintegration, in which a confrontation with adversity leads individuals to a new level of growth, and the notion endorsed by some Aboriginal educators that resilience is an innate quality that needs only to be properly awakened.The review suggests five areas for future research with an emphasis on youth: 1) studies to improve understanding of what makes some Aboriginal youth respond positively to risk and adversity and others not; 2) case studies providing empirical confirmation of the theory of resilient reintegration among Aboriginal youth; 3) more comparative studies on the role of culture as a resource for resilience; 4) studies to improve understanding of how Aboriginal youth, especially urban youth, who do not live in self-governed communities with strong cultural continuity can be helped to become, or remain, resilient; and 5) greater involvement of Aboriginal researchers who can bring a nonlinear world view to resilience research.
Deep Self-Taught Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Localization

Most existing weakly supervised localization (WSL) approaches learn detectors by finding positive bounding boxes based on features learned with image-level supervision. However, those features do not contain spatial location related information and usually provide poor-quality positive samples for training a detector. To overcome this issue, we propose a deep self-taught learning approach, which makes the detector learn the object-level features reliable for acquiring tight positive samples and afterwards re-train itself based on them. Consequently, the detector progressively improves its detection ability and localizes more informative positive samples. To implement such self-taught learning, we propose a seed sample acquisition method via image-to-object transferring and dense subgraph discovery to find reliable positive samples for initializing the detector. An online supportive sample harvesting scheme is further proposed to dynamically select the most confident tight positive samples and train the detector in a mutual boosting way. To prevent the detector from being trapped in poor optima due to overfitting, we propose a new relative improvement of predicted CNN scores for guiding the self-taught learning process. Extensive experiments on PASCAL 2007 and 2012 show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-arts, strongly validating its effectiveness.
THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION: TESTING THE WEBER HYPOTHESIS IN THE GERMAN LANDS

Following Max Weber, many theories have hypothesized that Protestantism should have favored economic development. With its religious heterogeneity, the Holy Roman Empire presents an ideal testing ground for this hypothesis. Using population gures of 272 cities in the years 1300–1900, I nd no effects of Protestantism on economic growth. The nding is precisely estimated, robust to the inclusion of various controls, and does not depend on data selection or small sample size. Denominational differences in fertility behavior and literacy are unlikely to be major confounding factors. Protestantism has no effect when interacted with other likely determinants of economic development. Instrumental variables estimates, considering the potential endogeneity of religious choice, are similar to the OLS results.  The editor in charge of this paper was Fabrizio Zilibotti.  I thank Daron Acemoglu, Regina Baar-Cantoni, Robert Barro, Jeremiah Dittmar, Camilo Garcia-Jimeno, Claudia Goldin, Tim Guinnane, Martin Hellwig, Elhanan Helpman, James Robinson, Holger Spamann, Eike Wolgast and Noam Yuchtman for helpful comments and suggestions, as well as seminar audiences at Bocconi, Brown, the EEA Annual Meeting (Barcelona), IIES Stockholm, Harvard, Mannheim, MPI Bonn, Munich, Regensburg, UPF, and Yale. Financial support by the Economic History Association, the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies and the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes is gratefully acknowledged. Jessica Fronk, Eda Karesin, Niklas Neckel, and Annekathrin Schmitt provided excellent research assistance. E-mail: cantoni@lmu.de Journal of the European Economic Association  prepared on 24 June 2014 using jeea.cls v1.0.