nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychopathic Personality: Bridging the Gap Between Scientific Evidence and Public Policy.

Few psychological concepts evoke simultaneously as much fascination and misunderstanding as psychopathic personality , or psychopathy. Typically, individuals with psychopathy are misconceived as fundamentally different from the rest of humanity and as inalterably dangerous. Popular portrayals of " psychopaths " are diverse and conflicting, ranging from uncommonly impulsive and violent criminal offenders to corporate figures who callously and skillfully manuever their way to the highest rungs of the social ladder. Despite this diversity of perspectives, a single well-validated measure of psychopathy, the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991; 2003), has come to dominate clinical and legal practice over recent years. The items of the PCL-R cover two basic content domains—an interpersonal-affective domain that encompasses core traits such as callousness and manipulativeness and an antisocial domain that entails disinhibition and chronic antisocial behavior. In most Western countries, the PCL-R and its derivatives are routinely applied to inform legal decisions about criminal offenders that hinge upon issues of dangerousness and treatability. In fact, clinicians in many cases choose the PCL-R over other, purpose-built risk-assessment tools to inform their opinions about what sentence offenders should receive, whether they should be indefinitely incarcerated as a " dangerous offender " or " sexually violent predator, " or whether they should be transferred from juvenile to adult court. The PCL-R has played an extraordinarily generative role in research and practice over the past three decades—so much so, that concerns have been raised that the measure has become equated in many minds with the psychopathy construct itself (Skeem & Cooke 2010a). Equating a measure with a construct may impede scientific progress because it disregards the basic principle that measures always imperfectly operationalize constructs and that our understanding of a construct is ever-evolving (Cronbach & Meehl, 1955). In virtually any domain, the construct-validation process is an incremental one that entails shifts in conceptualization and measurement at successive points in the process of clarifying the nature and boundaries of a hypothetical entity. Despite the predominance of the PCL-R measurement model in recent years, vigorous scientific debates have continued regarding what psychopathy is and what it is not. Should adaptive, positive-adjustment features (on one hand) and criminal and antisocial behaviors (on the other) be considered essential features of the construct? Are anxious and emotionally reactive people that are identified as psychopaths by the PCL-R and other measures truly psychopathic? More fundamentally , is psychopathy a unitary entity (i.e., a global syndrome …
WiFi and LTE Coexistence in the Unlicensed Spectrum

OF THESIS WiFi AND LTE COEXISTENCE IN THE UNLICENSED SPECTRUM by R.A. Nadisanka Rupasinghe Florida International University, 2015 Miami, Florida Professor İsmail Güvenç, Major Professor Today, smart-phones have revolutionized wireless communication industry towards an era of mobile data. To cater for the ever increasing data traffic demand, it is of utmost importance to have more spectrum resources whereby sharing under-utilized spectrum bands is an effective solution. In particular, the 4G broadband Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology and its foreseen 5G successor will benefit immensely if their operation can be extended to the under-utilized unlicensed spectrum. In this thesis, first we analyze WiFi 802.11n and LTE coexistence performance in the unlicensed spectrum considering multi-layer cell layouts through system level simulations. We consider a time division duplexing (TDD)-LTE system with an FTP traffic model for performance evaluation. Simulation results show that WiFi performance is more vulnerable to LTE interference, while LTE performance is degraded only slightly. Based on the initial findings, we propose a Q-Learning based dynamic duty cycle selection technique for configuring LTE transmission gaps, so that a satisfactory throughput is maintained both for LTE and WiFi systems. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can enhance the overall capacity performance by 19% and WiFi capacity performance by 77%, hence enabling effective coexistence of LTE and WiFi systems in the unlicensed band.
Aging of the skin connective tissue: how to measure the biochemical and mechanical properties of aging dermis.

The connective tissue of the skin is composed mostly of collagen and elastin. Collagen makes up 70-80% of the dry weight of the skin and gives the dermis its mechanical and structural integrity. Elastin is a minor component of the dermis, but it has an important function in providing the elasticity of the skin. During aging, the synthesis of collagen gradually declines, and the skin thus becomes thinner in protected skin, especially after the seventh decade. Several factors contribute to the aging of the skin. In several hereditary disorders collagen or elastin are deficient, leading to accelerated aging. In cutis laxa, for example, elastin fibers are deficient or completely lacking, leading to sagging of the skin. Solar irradiation causes skin to look prematurely aged. Especially ultraviolet radiation induces an accumulation of abnormal elastotic material. These changes are usually observed after 60 years of age, but excessive exposure to the sun may cause severe photoaging as early as the second decade of life. The different biochemical and mechanical parameters of the dermis can be studied by modern techniques. The applications of these techniques to study the aging of dermal connective tissue are described in detail.
Combined pressure-temperature effects on carotenoid retention and bioaccessibility in tomato juice.

This study highlights the changes in lycopene and β-carotene retention in tomato juice subjected to combined pressure-temperature (P-T) treatments ((high-pressure processing (HPP; 500-700 MPa, 30 °C), pressure-assisted thermal processing (PATP; 500-700 MPa, 100 °C), and thermal processing (TP; 0.1 MPa, 100 °C)) for up to 10 min. Processing treatments utilized raw (untreated) and hot break (∼93 °C, 60 s) tomato juice as controls. Changes in bioaccessibility of these carotenoids as a result of processing were also studied. Microscopy was applied to better understand processing-induced microscopic changes. TP did not alter the lycopene content of the tomato juice. HPP and PATP treatments resulted in up to 12% increases in lycopene extractability. all-trans-β-Carotene showed significant degradation (p < 0.05) as a function of pressure, temperature, and time. Its retention in processed samples varied between 60 and 95% of levels originally present in the control. Regardless of the processing conditions used, <0.5% lycopene appeared in the form of micelles (<0.5% bioaccessibility). Electron microscopy images showed more prominent lycopene crystals in HPP and PATP processed juice than in thermally processed juice. However, lycopene crystals did appear to be enveloped regardless of the processing conditions used. The processed juice (HPP, PATP, TP) showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) all-trans-β-carotene micellarization as compared to the raw unprocessed juice (control). Interestingly, hot break juice subjected to combined P-T treatments showed 15-30% more all-trans-β-carotene micellarization than the raw juice subjected to combined P-T treatments. This study demonstrates that combined pressure-heat treatments increase lycopene extractability. However, the in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids was not significantly different among the treatments (TP, PATP, HPP) investigated.
Treatment of Hospitalized Adult Patients With Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Toronto Consensus Statements

The objective of this study was to provide updated explicit and relevant consensus statements for clinicians to refer to when managing hospitalized adult patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC).METHODS:The Canadian Association of Gastroenterology consensus group of 23 voting participants developed a series of recommendation statements that addressed pertinent clinical questions. An iterative voting and feedback process was used to do this in conjunction with systematic literature reviews. These statements were brought to a formal consensus meeting held in Toronto, Ontario (March 2010), when each statement was discussed, reformulated, voted upon, and subsequently revised until group consensus (at least 80% agreement) was obtained. The modified GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) criteria were used to rate the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence.As a result of the iterative process, consensus was reached on 21 statements addressing four themes (General considerations and nutritional issues, Steroid use and predictors of steroid failure, Cyclosporine and infliximab, and Surgical issues).CONCLUSIONS:Key recommendations for the treatment of hospitalized patients with severe UC include early escalation to second-line medical therapy with either infliximab or cyclosporine in individuals in whom parenteral steroids have failed after 72 h. These agents should be used in experienced centers where appropriate support is available. Sequential therapy with cyclosporine and infliximab is not recommended. Surgery is an option when first-line steroid therapy fails, and is indicated when second-line medical therapy fails and/or when complications arise during the hospitalization.
Transferring Landmark Annotations for Cross-Dataset Face Alignment

Dataset bias is a well known problem in object recognition domain. This issue, nonetheless, is rarely explored in face alignment research. In this study, we show that dataset plays an integral part of face alignment performance. Specifically, owing to face alignment dataset bias, training on one database and testing on another or unseen domain would lead to poor performance. Creating an unbiased dataset through combining various existing databases, however, is non-trivial as one has to exhaustively re-label the landmarks for standardisation. In this work, we propose a simple and yet effective method to bridge the disparate annotation spaces between databases, making datasets fusion possible. We show extensive results on combining various popular databases (LFW, AFLW, LFPW, HELEN) for improved cross-dataset and unseen data alignment.
Personal Heart Monitoring System Using Smart Phones To Detect Life Threatening Arrhythmias

This paper discusses a personalized heart monitoring system using smart phones and wireless (bio) sensors. We combine ubiquitous computing with mobile health technology to monitor the wellbeing of high risk cardiac patients. The smart phone analyses in real-time the ECG data and determines whether the person needs external help. We focus on two life threatening arrhythmias: ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). The smart phone can automatically alert the ambulance and pre assigned caregivers when a VF/VT arrhythmia is detected. The system can be personalized to the needs and requirements of the patient. It can be used to give advice (e.g. exercise more) or to reassure the patient when the bio-sensors and environmental data are within predefined ranges
Value Orientations and the Second Demographic Transition ( SDT ) in Northern , Western and Southern Europe : An Update

The core issue in this article is the empirical tracing of the connection between a variety of value orientations and the life course choices concerning living arrangements and family formation. The existence of such a connection is a crucial element in the socalled theory of the Second Demographic Transition (SDT). The underlying model is of a recursive nature and based on two effects: firstly, values-based self-selection of individuals into alternative living arrangement or household types, and secondly, event-based adaptation of values to the newly chosen household situation. Any testing of such a recursive model requires the use of panel data. Failing these, only “footprints” of the two effects can be derived and traced in cross-sectional data. Here, use is made of the latest round of the European Values Surveys of 1999-2000, mainly because no other source has such a large selection of value items. The comparison involves two Iberian countries, three western European ones, and two Scandinavian samples. The profiles of the value orientations are based on 80 items which cover a variety of dimensions (e.g. religiosity, ethics, civil morality, family values, social cohesion, expressive values, gender role orientations, trust in institutions, protest proneness and post-materialism, tolerance for minorities etc.). These are analysed according to eight different household positions based on the transitions to independent living, cohabitation and marriage, parenthood and union dissolution. Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) is used to control for confounding effects of other relevant covariates (age, gender, education, economic activity and stratification, urbanity). Subsequently, 1 Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel.   Perspectives and Developments -46 http://www.demographic-research.org Correspondence Analysis is used to picture the proximities between the 80 value items and the eight household positions. Very similar value profiles according to household position are found for the three sets of countries, despite the fact that the onset of the SDT in Scandinavia precedes that in the Iberian countries by roughly twenty years. Moreover, the profile similarity remains intact when the comparison is extended to an extra group of seven formerly communist countries in central and Eastern Europe. Such pattern robustness is supportive of the contention that the ideational or “cultural” factor is indeed a nonredundant and necessary (but not a sufficient) element in the explanation of the demographic changes of the SDT. Moreover, the profile similarity also points in the direction of the operation of comparable mechanisms of selection and adaptation in the contrasting European settings. Demographic Research – Special Collection 3: Article 3 -Contemporary Research on European Fertility: Perspectives and Developments -http://www.demographic-research.org 47
OECD / IFP Project on “ Future Global Shocks ” “ Systemic financial risk : agent based models to understand the leverage cycle on national scales and its consequences ”

Dr. Stefan Thurner’s report analyses the development, buildup and unfolding of financial market crashes using a dynamic agent based model. The model simulates relevant conditions under which agents behave in financial markets and allows one to see how excessive leverage (the use of credit for speculative investments) is a prime source of vulnerability and can act as the catalyst for a crash. The model demonstrates how crashes result as a consequence of synchronization effects of the different actors in financial markets. The report concludes with recommendations, most notably the need for radical improvements in the transparency of creditordebtor relationships between financial market participants, which would reduce the chance of synchronization. What is at stake in a financial crisis? This report analyses the results of simulations using an agent based model of financial markets to show how excessive levels of leverage in financial markets can lead to a systemic crash. In this scenario, plummeting asset prices render banks unable or unwilling to provide credit as they fear they might be unable to cover their own liabilities due to potential loan defaults. Whether an overleveraged borrower is a sovereign nation or major financial institution, recent history illustrates how defaults carry the risk of contagion in a globally interconnected economy. The resulting slowdown of investment in the real economy impacts actors at all levels, from small businesses to homebuyers. Bankruptcies lead to job losses and a drop in aggregate demand, leading to more businesses and individuals being unable to repay their loans, reinforcing a downward spiral that can trigger a recession, depression or bring about stagflation in the real economy. This can have a devastating impact not only on economic propserity across the board, but also consumer sentiment and trust in the ability of the system to generate long-term wealth and growth. To do something about crises you need to understand them There is no global consensus on how best to manage or prevent financial crises from happening in the future. Nonetheless, policymakers need to develop strategies that are designed to at least reduce the severity of their impacts. In order to stregthen the financial system, making it more resilient to potential abuses in the future, it is critical that we understand the mechanism by which pervasive practice like
Critical success factors for e-commerce entrepreneurship : an empirical study of Thailand

Thepresentstudyfocusesontherelationships between entrepreneurial characteristics (achievement orientation, risk taking propensity, locus of control, and networking), e-service business factors (reliability, responsiveness, ease of use, and self-service), governmental support, and the success of e-commerce entrepreneurs. Results confirm that the achievement orientation and locus of control of founders and business emphasis on reliability and ease of use functions of e-service quality are positively related to the success of e-commerce entrepreneurial ventures in Thailand. Founder risk taking and networking, e-service responsiveness and self-service, and governmental support are found to be non-significant.
Identifying Cell Subpopulations and Their Genetic Drivers from Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data Using a Biclustering Approach

Single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) has attracted much attention recently because it allows unprecedented resolution into cellular activity; the technology, therefore, has been widely applied in studying cell heterogeneity such as the heterogeneity among embryonic cells at varied developmental stages or cells of different cancer types or subtypes. A pertinent question in such analyses is to identify cell subpopulations as well as their associated genetic drivers. Consequently, a multitude of approaches have been developed for clustering or biclustering analysis of scRNA-Seq data. In this article, we present a fast and simple iterative biclustering approach called "BiSNN-Walk" based on the existing SNN-Cliq algorithm. One of BiSNN-Walk's differentiating features is that it returns a ranked list of clusters, which may serve as an indicator of a cluster's reliability. Another important feature is that BiSNN-Walk ranks genes in a gene cluster according to their level of affiliation to the associated cell cluster, making the result more biologically interpretable. We also introduce an entropy-based measure for choosing a highly clusterable similarity matrix as our starting point among a wide selection to facilitate the efficient operation of our algorithm. We applied BiSNN-Walk to three large scRNA-Seq studies, where we demonstrated that BiSNN-Walk was able to retain and sometimes improve the cell clustering ability of SNN-Cliq. We were able to obtain biologically sensible gene clusters in terms of GO term enrichment. In addition, we saw that there was significant overlap in top characteristic genes for clusters corresponding to similar cell states, further demonstrating the fidelity of our gene clusters.
Building Robust Systems an essay

It is hard to build robust systems: systems that have accept­ able behavior over a larger class of situations than was anticipated by their designers. The most robust systems are evolvable: they can be easily adapted to new situations with only minor mod­ ification. How can we design systems that are flexible in this way? Observations of biological systems tell us a great deal about how to make robust and evolvable systems. Techniques origi­ nally developed in support of symbolic Artificial Intelligence can be viewed as ways of enhancing robustness and evolvability in programs and other engineered systems. By contrast, common practice of computer science actively discourages the construc­ tion of robust systems.
Towards Customized Emotional Design : An Explorative Study of User Personality and User Interface Skin Preferences

Two key elements in the area of cognitive ergonomics are user-system performance and the user similarity. However, with the introduction of skinnable user interfaces, a technology that gives the user interface a chameleon-like ability, elements such as aesthetic, fun, and especially user individuality and identity become more important. This paper presents two explorative studies on user personality in relation to skin preferences. In the studies participants were asked to rate their preference of a set of Windows Media Player skins and to complete the BIS/BAS and the IPIP-NEO personality inventories. The results of the first study suggest colour and similarity-attraction as two possible underlying factors for the correlations found between personality traits and skin preferences. The results of the second study partly confirm these findings, however not for similar personality traits and skin types correlations.
An in vitro alveolar macrophage assay for the assessment of inflammatory cytokine expression induced by atmospheric particulate matter.

Exposures to air pollution in the form of particulate matter (PM) can result in excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the respiratory system, potentially causing both localized cellular injury and triggering a systemic inflammatory response. PM-induced inflammation in the lung is modulated in large part by alveolar macrophages and their biochemical signaling, including production of inflammatory cytokines, the primary mechanism via which inflammation is initiated and sustained. We developed a robust, relevant, and flexible method employing a rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383) which can be applied to routine samples of PM from air quality monitoring sites to gain insight into the drivers of PM toxicity that lead to oxidative stress and inflammation. Method performance was characterized using extracts of ambient and vehicular engine exhaust PM samples. Our results indicate that the reproducibility and the sensitivity of the method are satisfactory and comparisons between PM samples can be made with good precision. The average relative percent difference for all genes detected during 10 different exposures was 17.1%. Our analysis demonstrated that 71% of genes had an average signal to noise ratio (SNR) ≥ 3. Our time course study suggests that 4 h may be an optimal in vitro exposure time for observing short-term effects of PM and capturing the initial steps of inflammatory signaling. The 4 h exposure resulted in the detection of 57 genes (out of 84 total), of which 86% had altered expression. Similarities and conserved gene signaling regulation among the PM samples were demonstrated through hierarchical clustering and other analyses. Overlying the core congruent patterns were differentially regulated genes that resulted in distinct sample-specific gene expression "fingerprints." Consistent upregulation of Il1f5 and downregulation of Ccr7 was observed across all samples, while TNFα was upregulated in half of the samples and downregulated in the other half. Overall, this PM-induced cytokine expression assay could be effectively integrated into health studies and air quality monitoring programs to better understand relationships between specific PM components, oxidative stress activity and inflammatory signaling potential.