nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Test Case Generation Using Sequence Diagram

Software Testing plays a important role in Software development because it can minimize the development cost. We Propose a Technique for Test Sequence Generation using UML Model Sequence Diagram.UML models give a lot of information that should not be ignored in testing. In This paper main features extract from Sequence Diagram after that we can write the Java Source code for that Features According to ModelJunit Library. ModelJUnit is a extended library of JUnit Library. By using that Source code we can Generate Test Case Automatic and Test Coverage. This paper describes a systematic Test Case Generation Technique performed on model based testing (MBT) approaches By Using Sequence Diagram.
Pressure-Activated Electrical Interconnection During Micro-Transfer-Printing

Sharp electrically conductive structures integrated into micro-transfer-print compatible components provide an approach to forming electrically interconnected systems during the assembly procedure. Silicon micromachining techniques are used to fabricate print-compatible components with integrated, electrically conductive, pressure-concentrating structures. The geometry of the structures allow them to penetrate a polymer receiving layer during the elastomer stamp printing operation, and reflow of the polymer following the transfer completes the electrical interconnection when capillary action forces the gold-coated pressure-concentrator into a metal landing site. Experimental results and finite element simulations support a discussion of the mechanics of the interconnection.
A compact printed UWB MIMO antenna with a 5.8 GHz band notch

A compact printed UWB MIMO antenna with a 5.8 GHz band-notch is presented. The two antennas are located on the two opposite sides of a Printed-Circuits-Board (PCB), separated by a spacing of 13.2 mm and a small isolated element, which provides a good isolation. The antenna structure adopts coupled and parasitic modes to form multi-modal resonance that results in the desired ultra-wideband operation. There is a parasitic slit embedded on the main radiator and an isolated element employed between the two antennas. An excellent desired band-notched UWB characteristic was obtained by care design of the parasitic slit. The overall size of the proposed antenna is mere 40.2×54×0.8 mm; the radiation patterns of the two antennas cover the complementary space of 180o; the antenna yields peak gains varied from 5 to 8 dBi, and antenna radiation efficiency exceeding about 70~90 % over the operation band. The antenna port Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) was less than about 0.07. Moreover, the antenna is easy to fabricate and suitable for any wireless modules applications at the UWB band.
A programming architecture for smart autonomous underwater vehicles

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are an indispensable tool for marine scientists to study the world's oceans. The Slocum glider is a buoyancy driven AUV designed for missions that can last weeks or even months. Although successful, its hardware and layered control architecture is rather limited and difficult to program. Due to limits in its hardware and software infrastructure, the Slocum glider is not able to change its behavior based on sensor readings while underwater. In this paper, we discuss a new programming architecture for AUVs like the Slocum. We present a new model that allows marine scientists to express AUV missions at a higher level of abstraction, leaving low-level software and hardware details to the compiler and runtime system. The Slocum glider is used as an illustration of how our programming architecture can be implemented within an existing system. The Slocum's new framework consists of an event driven, finite state machine model, a corresponding compiler and runtime system, and a hardware platform that interacts with the glider's existing hardware infrastructure. The new programming architecture is able to implement changes in glider behavior in response to sensor readings while submerged. This crucial capability will enable advanced glider behaviors such as underwater communication and swarming. Experimental results based on simulation and actual glider deployments off the coast of New Jersey show the expressiveness and effectiveness of our prototype implementation.
Voice activity detection based on multiple statistical models

One of the key issues in practical speech processing is to achieve robust voice activity detection (VAD) against the background noise. Most of the statistical model-based approaches have tried to employ the Gaussian assumption in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) domain, which, however, deviates from the real observation. In this paper, we propose a class of VAD algorithms based on several statistical models. In addition to the Gaussian model, we also incorporate the complex Laplacian and Gamma probability density functions to our analysis of statistical properties. With a goodness-of-fit tests, we analyze the statistical properties of the DFT spectra of the noisy speech under various noise conditions. Based on the statistical analysis, the likelihood ratio test under the given statistical models is established for the purpose of VAD. Since the statistical characteristics of the speech signal are differently affected by the noise types and levels, to cope with the time-varying environments, our approach is aimed at finding adaptively an appropriate statistical model in an online fashion. The performance of the proposed VAD approaches in both the stationary and nonstationary noise environments is evaluated with the aid of an objective measure.
Visible light communication using OFDM

In this paper wireless communication using white, high brightness LEDs (light emitting diodes) is considered. In particular, the use of OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) for intensity modulation is investigated. The high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) in OFDM is usually considered a disadvantage in radio frequency transmission systems due to non-linearities of the power amplifier. It is demonstrated theoretically and by means of an experimental system that the high PAR in OFDM can be exploited constructively in visible light communication to intensity modulate LEDs. It is shown that the theoretical and the experimental results match very closely, and that it is possible to cover a distance of up to one meter using a single LED
Broadband suspended plate antenna for WiFi/WiMAX applications

This paper presents a high-gain broadband suspended plate antenna for indoor wireless access point applications. This antenna consists of two layers operating at two adjacent bands. The bottom plate is fed by a tapered down strip excited by a probe through an SMA RF connector. The top plate is shorted to a ground plane by a strip electromagnetically coupled with the feed-strip. The design is carried out using a commercial EM software package, and validated experimentally. The measured result shows that the antenna achieves a broad operational bandwidth of 66%, suitable for access points in WiFi (2.4-2.485 GHz) and WiMAX (2.3-2.7 GHz and the 3.4-3.6 GHz) systems (IEEE 802.11b/g and IEEE 802.16-2004/e). The measured antenna gain varies from 7.7-9.5 dBi across the frequency bands of interest. A parametric study of this antenna is also conducted.
Kansei Engineering : A new ergonomic consumer-oriented technology for product development

Kansei Engineering was developed as a consumer-oriented technology for new product development. It is defined as "translating technology of a consumer's feeling and image for a product into design elements". Kansei Engineering (KE) technology is classified into three types, KE Type I, II, and III. KE Type I is a category classification on the new product toward the design elements. Type II utilizes the current computer technologies such as Expert System, Neural Network Model and Genetic Algorithm. Type III is a model using a mathematical structure. Kansei Engineering has permeated Japanese industries, including automotive, electrical appliance, construction, clothing and so forth. The successful companies using Kansei Engineering benefited from good sales regarding the new consumer-oriented products. Relevance to industry Kansei Engineering is utilized in the automotive, electrical appliance, construction, clothing and other industries. This paper provides help to potential product designers in these industries.
Application of FPGA based PLL in a CSI fed induction heating prototype

Modern induction heating (IH) power converters operate marginally above resonant frequency to supply power to the targeted work-piece at near unity power factor (upf). The resonant frequency continuously increases as the work-piece gets heated up. A possible method of dynamically detecting the resonant frequency may be to calculate the phase-shift between current and voltage continuously during the process. The phase-shift between voltage and current is ideally zero at resonance. So resonant frequency may be identified by varying the frequency until the phase-shift is zero. For this some controllers use a phase-locked loop (PLL) strategy. In this paper, the dynamic tracking of resonant frequency, using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based digital-PLL, is presented. The scheme is first simulated off-line. Finally, the logic is implemented on controller hardware and practically tested in a laboratory made experimental set-up of 2kW at around 10kHz.
Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 3. Injuries in the Primary Dentition.

Traumatic injuries to the primary dentition present special problems and the management is often different as compared with the permanent dentition. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialities were included in the task group. In cases where the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion or majority decision of the task group. Finally, the IADT board members were giving their opinion and approval. The primary goal of these guidelines is to delineate an approach for the immediate or urgent care for management of primary teeth injuries. The IADT cannot and does not guarantee favorable outcomes from strict adherence to the guidelines, but believe that their application can maximize the chances of a positive outcome.
Digital communication using LabVIEW

In this work it is proposed to demonstrate usage of LABVIEW simulation platform to help comprehend concepts in the Under Graduate course on `Digital Communication'. We begin with topics covered in the course and discuss topics that can be introduced using the LabVIEW platform. Some concepts introduced are: sampling theorem, base band transmission, digital modulation, PRBS generator. The course concludes with an introduction to the OFDM concept. One principal advantage of the platform is that it is easy to use and quick to implement, as compared to the hardware platform. Since every student implements the code on an individual basis, the learning component is high.
Generative Adversarial Nets for Multiple Text Corpora

Generative adversarial nets (GANs) have been successfully applied to the artificial generation of image data. In terms of text data, much has been done on the artificial generation of natural language from a single corpus. We consider multiple text corpora as the input data, for which there can be two applications of GANs: (1) the creation of consistent cross-corpus word embeddings given different word embeddings per corpus; (2) the generation of robust bag-of-words document embeddings for each corpora. We demonstrate our GAN models on real-world text data sets from different corpora, and show that embeddings from both models lead to improvements in supervised learning problems.
On GANs and GMMs

A longstanding problem in machine learning is to find unsupervised methods that can learn the statistical structure of high dimensional signals. In recent years, GANs have gained much attention as a possible solution to the problem, and in particular have shown the ability to generate remarkably realistic high resolution sampled images. At the same time, many authors have pointed out that GANs may fail to model the full distribution ("mode collapse") and that using the learned models for anything other than generating samples may be very difficult. In this paper, we examine the utility of GANs in learning statistical models of images by comparing them to perhaps the simplest statistical model, the Gaussian Mixture Model. First, we present a simple method to evaluate generative models based on relative proportions of samples that fall into predetermined bins. Unlike previous automatic methods for evaluating models, our method does not rely on an additional neural network nor does it require approximating intractable computations. Second, we compare the performance of GANs to GMMs trained on the same datasets. While GMMs have previously been shown to be successful in modeling small patches of images, we show how to train them on full sized images despite the high dimensionality. Our results show that GMMs can generate realistic samples (although less sharp than those of GANs) but also capture the full distribution, which GANs fail to do. Furthermore, GMMs allow efficient inference and explicit representation of the underlying statistical structure. Finally, we discuss how GMMs can be used to generate sharp images.
State of the Art in Methods and Representations for Fabrication-Aware Design

Computational manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing hold the potential for creating objects with previously undreamed-of combinations of functionality and physical properties. Human designers, however, typically cannot exploit the full geometric (and often material) complexity of which these devices are capable. This STAR examines recent systems developed by the computer graphics community in which designers specify higher-level goals ranging from structural integrity and deformation to appearance and aesthetics, with the final detailed shape and manufacturing instructions emerging as the result of computation. It summarizes frameworks for interaction, simulation, and optimization, as well as documents the range of general objectives and domain-specific goals that have been considered. An important unifying thread in this analysis is that different underlying geometric and physical representations are necessary for different tasks: we document over a dozen classes of representations that have been used for fabrication-aware design in the literature. We analyze how these classes possess obvious advantages for some needs, but have also been used in creative manners to facilitate unexpected problem solutions.
A tale of three next generation sequencing platforms: comparison of Ion Torrent, Pacific Biosciences and Illumina MiSeq sequencers

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has revolutionized genomic and genetic research. The pace of change in this area is rapid with three major new sequencing platforms having been released in 2011: Ion Torrent’s PGM, Pacific Biosciences’ RS and the Illumina MiSeq. Here we compare the results obtained with those platforms to the performance of the Illumina HiSeq, the current market leader. In order to compare these platforms, and get sufficient coverage depth to allow meaningful analysis, we have sequenced a set of 4 microbial genomes with mean GC content ranging from 19.3 to 67.7%. Together, these represent a comprehensive range of genome content. Here we report our analysis of that sequence data in terms of coverage distribution, bias, GC distribution, variant detection and accuracy. Sequence generated by Ion Torrent, MiSeq and Pacific Biosciences technologies displays near perfect coverage behaviour on GC-rich, neutral and moderately AT-rich genomes, but a profound bias was observed upon sequencing the extremely AT-rich genome of Plasmodium falciparum on the PGM, resulting in no coverage for approximately 30% of the genome. We analysed the ability to call variants from each platform and found that we could call slightly more variants from Ion Torrent data compared to MiSeq data, but at the expense of a higher false positive rate. Variant calling from Pacific Biosciences data was possible but higher coverage depth was required. Context specific errors were observed in both PGM and MiSeq data, but not in that from the Pacific Biosciences platform. All three fast turnaround sequencers evaluated here were able to generate usable sequence. However there are key differences between the quality of that data and the applications it will support.
Breast reduction in adolescents: indication, timing, and a review of the literature.

Adolescent breast hypertrophy can have long-term negative medical and psychological impacts. In select patients, breast reduction surgery is the best treatment. Unfortunately, many in the general and medical communities hold certain misconceptions regarding the indications and timing of this procedure. Several etiologies of adolescent breast hypertrophy, including juvenile gigantomastia, adolescent macromastia, and obesity-related breast hypertrophy, complicate the issue. It is our hope that this paper will clarify these misconceptions through a combined retrospective and literature review.



A retrospective review was conducted looking at adolescent females (≤18 years old) who had undergone bilateral breast reduction surgery. Their preoperative comorbidities, BMI, reduction volume, postoperative complications, and subjective satisfaction were recorded. In addition, a literature review was completed.



34 patients underwent bilateral breast reduction surgery. The average BMI was 29.5 kg/m(2). The average volume resected during bilateral breast reductions was 1820.9 g. Postoperative complications include dehiscence (9%), infection (3%), and poor scarring (6%). There were no cases of recurrence or need for repeat operation. Self-reported patient satisfaction was 97%. All patients described significant improvements in self body-image and participation in social activities. The literature review yielded 25 relevant reported articles, 24 of which are case studies.



Reduction mammaplasty is safe and effective. It is the preferred treatment method for breast hypertrophy in the adolescent female and may be the only way to alleviate the increased social, psychological, and physical strain caused by this condition.
Many Hands Make Light the Work : The Causes and Consequences of Social Loafing

Two experiments found that when asked to perform the physically exerting tasks of clapping and shouting, people exhibit a sizable decrease in individual effort when performing in groups as compared to when they perform alone. This decrease, which we call social loafing, is in addition to losses due to faulty coordination of group efforts. Social loafing is discussed in terms of its experimental generality and theoretical importance. The widespread occurrence, the negative consequences for society, and some conditions that can minimize social loafing are also explored.
Improving Use Case Point (UCP) Based on Function Point (FP) Mechanism

The cost of error correction has been increasing exponentially with the advancement of software industry. To minimize software errors, it is necessary to extract accurate requirements in the early stage of software development. In the previous study, we extracted the priorities of requirements based on the Use Case Point (UCP), which however revealed the issues inherent to the existing UCP as follows. (i) The UCP failed to specify the structure of use cases or the method of write the use cases, and (ii) the number of transactions determined the use case weight in the UCP. Yet, efforts taken for implementation depend on the types and number of operations performed in each transaction. To address these issues, the present paper proposes an improved UCP and applies it to the prioritization. The proposed method enables more accurate measurement than the existing UCP-based prioritization.
Accessory fold of skin on the ventral surface of the penis: Is it a redundant prepuce?

Variations in the skin of the prepuce are very rare. We report here a variation of the penile skin as observed in an adult male cadaver aged approximately 65 years. The penis was covered by thin nonhairy skin. The glans was not covered with prepuce. There was no evidence of circumcision. The ventral surface of the penis, adjacent to the glans, had a huge fold of skin. This fold resembled the prepuce and had a hole in it. The glans penis had a normal urethral meatus. There was no evidence of hypospadias as the entire ventral surface of the penis was covered completely by the skin. We discuss the clinical importance of this accessory fold of skin.
Use of trichloroacetic acid for management of oral lesions caused by human papillomavirus.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) has an affinity for squamous cells of stratified keratinized epithelium, thus affecting the lower genital, nasal, and oral tracts. In the oral cavity, HPV is associated with pathoses such as the verruca vulgaris (common wart), squamous cell papilloma, condyloma acuminatum (venereal wart), and focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease). Among the treatments available for these lesions are cryotherapy, electrosurgery, surgical removal, laser therapy, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The objective of this research was to determine the behavior of HPV-associated oral pathoses treated with TCA. A prospective cohort study was performed in 20 patients who attended a dental consultation at 2 universities in Cartagena, Colombia. Among the patients, 65% were diagnosed as having focal epithelial hyperplasia, 20% as having verrucae vulgares, and 15% as having condylomata acuminata. Application of TCA to HPV-associated oral lesions proved to be a useful nonsurgical alternative treatment, as the resolution of the lesions was achieved atraumatically in a span of 45 days with 3 applications of 30-60 seconds each.
Effects of Binaural Spatialization in Wireless Microphone Systems for Hearing Aids on Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners

Little is known about the perception of artificial spatial hearing by hearing-impaired subjects. The purpose of this study was to investigate how listeners with hearing disorders perceived the effect of a spatialization feature designed for wireless microphone systems. Forty listeners took part in the experiments. They were arranged in four groups: normal-hearing, moderate, severe, and profound hearing loss. Their performance in terms of speech understanding and speaker localization was assessed with diotic and binaural stimuli. The results of the speech intelligibility experiment revealed that the subjects presenting a moderate or severe hearing impairment better understood speech with the spatialization feature. Thus, it was demonstrated that the conventional diotic binaural summation operated by current wireless systems can be transformed to reproduce the spatial cues required to localize the speaker, without any loss of intelligibility. The speaker localization experiment showed that a majority of the hearing-impaired listeners had similar performance with natural and artificial spatial hearing, contrary to the normal-hearing listeners. This suggests that certain subjects with hearing impairment preserve their localization abilities with approximated generic head-related transfer functions in the frontal horizontal plane.