nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Password-free authentication for social networks

The last decade has witnessed the rapid increase in the adoption and the popularity of social networks. As the number of social networks increase, simpler and easier sign-up and login processes become a key element to promote the new social networks. In many cases, the simple requirement of creating a new user account hinders users from creating new accounts and prompts them to decline using a new network or service. There are a number of applications that allow users to use their existing social network credentials to sign up, however, some users are reluctant to take advantage of such approaches because of privacy concerns or negative perceptions including the worry of spamming. As a result of those concerns and limitations, alternative user authentication approaches that do not require traditional user registration or log-in steps are being explored by the industry. This paper discusses various approaches that can be applied to create password-free user authentication systems that enable social networks to authenticate individual users and provide them access to user-specific data. The paper discusses the prominent techniques that enables web sites to identify individual users based on the characteristics of their device and browser. The practice of sensing and identifying such attributes is referred to as web-based device fingerprinting. The paper discusses how a number of browser detection methods can be combined to create a system that facilitates password-free user authentication.
Skew-resistant parallel processing of feature-extracting scientific user-defined functions

Scientists today have the ability to generate data at an unprecedented scale and rate and, as a result, they must increasingly turn to parallel data processing engines to perform their analyses. However, the simple execution model of these engines can make it difficult to implement efficient algorithms for scientific analytics. In particular, many scientific analytics require the extraction of features from data represented as either a multidimensional array or points in a multidimensional space. These applications exhibit significant computational skew, where the runtime of different partitions depends on more than just input size and can therefore vary dramatically and unpredictably. In this paper, we present SkewReduce, a new system implemented on top of Hadoop that enables users to easily express feature extraction analyses and execute them efficiently. At the heart of the SkewReduce system is an optimizer, parameterized by user-defined cost functions, that determines how best to partition the input data to minimize computational skew. Experiments on real data from two different science domains demonstrate that our approach can improve execution times by a factor of up to 8 compared to a naive implementation.
Interactions between magnesium and psychotropic drugs.

Psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, antimanic drugs, antipsychotics, analgesic opioids, and others) are among the most frequently used medicines. Between these drugs and magnesium there are pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. Erythrocyte magnesium is decreased in patients with severe major depression (MD) vs normal subjects (44 +/- 2.7 mg/L in MD group vs 59.1 +/- 3.2 mg/L in control group, p < 0.01). Therapy with sertraline, 150 mg/day p.o. -21 days or with amitryptiline 3 x 25 mg/day p.o. 28 days increases significantly erythrocyte concentration of magnesium (56.9 +/- 5.22 mg/L after sertraline vs 44 +/- 2.7 mg/L before sertraline, p < 0.01). In patients with acute paranoid schizophrenia, erythrocyte magnesium concentration is decreased vs healthy subjects. Haloperidol, 8 mg/day, p.o. for 21 days or risperidone, 6 mg/day p.o. for 21 days have increased significantly erythrocyte magnesium concentration (46.21 +/- 3.1 mg/L before haloperidol and 54.6 +/- 2.7 mg/L after haloperidol, p < 0.05). Antimanic drugs (mood stabilizers) as carbamazepine, 600 mg/day, p.o., 4 weeks and sodium valproate, 900 mg/day p.o., 4 weeks, increased significantly magnesium in patients with bipolar disorder type I. Increased magnesium status positively correlated with enhancement of the clinical state. The existent data sustain the idea that an increase of erythrocyte magnesium is involved in the mechanism of action of some psychotropic drugs. Magnesium supply decreased the intensity of morphine-induced physical drug dependence. In heroin addicts, the plasma magnesium concentration is decreased.
Short Segment Fixation for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Accompanying Osteopenia : A Comparative Study

The purpose of this study was to compare the results of three types of short segment screw fixation for thoracolumbar burst fracture accompanying osteopenia.



The records of 70 patients who underwent short segment screw fixation for a thoracolumbar burst fracture accompanying osteopenia (-2.5< mean T score by bone mineral densitometry <-1.0) from January 2005 to January 2008 were reviewed. Patients were divided into three groups based on whether or not bone fusion and bone cement augmentation procedure 1) Group I (n=26) : short segment fixation with posterolateral bone fusion; 2) Group II (n=23) : bone cement augmented short segment fixation with posterolateral bone fusion; 3) Group III (n=21) : bone cement augmented, short segment percutaneous screw fixation without bone fusion. Clinical outcomes were assessed using a visual analogue scale and modified MacNab's criteria. Radiological findings, including kyphotic angle and vertebral height, and procedure-related complications, such as screw loosening or pull-out, were analyzed.



No significant difference in radiographic or clinical outcomes was noted between patients managed using the three different techniques at last follow up. However, Group I showed more correction loss of kyphotic deformities and vertebral height loss at final follow-up, and Group I had higher screw loosening and implant failure rates than Group II or III.



Bone cement augmented procedure can be an efficient and safe surgical techniques in terms of achieving better outcomes with minimal complications for thoracolumbar burst fracture accompanying osteopenia.
Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a mediator of the B-cell-receptor signaling pathway implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell cancers. In a phase 1 study, ibrutinib, a BTK inhibitor, showed antitumor activity in several types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including mantle-cell lymphoma.



In this phase 2 study, we investigated oral ibrutinib, at a daily dose of 560 mg, in 111 patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. Patients were enrolled into two groups: those who had previously received at least 2 cycles of bortezomib therapy and those who had received less than 2 complete cycles of bortezomib or had received no prior bortezomib therapy. The primary end point was the overall response rate. Secondary end points were duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety.



The median age was 68 years, and 86% of patients had intermediate-risk or high-risk mantle-cell lymphoma according to clinical prognostic factors. Patients had received a median of three prior therapies. The most common treatment-related adverse events were mild or moderate diarrhea, fatigue, and nausea. Grade 3 or higher hematologic events were infrequent and included neutropenia (in 16% of patients), thrombocytopenia (in 11%), and anemia (in 10%). A response rate of 68% (75 patients) was observed, with a complete response rate of 21% and a partial response rate of 47%; prior treatment with bortezomib had no effect on the response rate. With an estimated median follow-up of 15.3 months, the estimated median response duration was 17.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8 to not reached), the estimated median progression-free survival was 13.9 months (95% CI, 7.0 to not reached), and the median overall survival was not reached. The estimated rate of overall survival was 58% at 18 months.



Ibrutinib shows durable single-agent efficacy in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. (Funded by Pharmacyclics and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01236391.)
Pricing in Network Effect Markets

According to literature, penetration pricing is the dominant pricing strategy for network effect markets. In this paper we show that diffusion of products in a network effect market does not only vary with the set of pricing strategies chosen by competing vendors but also strongly depends on the topological structure of the customers' network. This stresses the inappropriateness of classical "installed base" models (abstracting from this structure). Our simulations show that although competitive prices tend to be significantly higher in close topology markets, they lead to lower total profit and lower concentration of vendors' profit in these markets.
High-quality motion deblurring from a single image

We present a new algorithm for removing motion blur from a single image. Our method computes a deblurred image using a unified probabilistic model of both blur kernel estimation and unblurred image restoration. We present an analysis of the causes of common artifacts found in current deblurring methods, and then introduce several novel terms within this probabilistic model that are inspired by our analysis. These terms include a model of the spatial randomness of noise in the blurred image, as well a new local smoothness prior that reduces ringing artifacts by constraining contrast in the unblurred image wherever the blurred image exhibits low contrast. Finally, we describe an effficient optimization scheme that alternates between blur kernel estimation and unblurred image restoration until convergence. As a result of these steps, we are able to produce high quality deblurred results in low computation time. We are even able to produce results of comparable quality to techniques that require additional input images beyond a single blurry photograph, and to methods that require additional hardware.
Fundamental Tradeoff Between Storage and Latency in Cache-Aided Wireless Interference Networks

This paper studies the fundamental tradeoff between storage and latency in a general wireless interference network with caches equipped at all transmitters and receivers. The tradeoff is characterized by an information-theoretic metric, normalized delivery time (NDT), which is the worst case delivery time of the actual traffic load at a transmission rate specified by degrees of freedom of a given channel. We obtain both an achievable upper bound and a theoretical lower bound of the minimum NDT for any number of transmitters, any number of receivers, and any feasible cache size tuple. We show that the achievable NDT is exactly optimal in certain cache size regions, and is within a bounded multiplicative gap to the theoretical lower bound in other regions. In the achievability analysis, we first propose a novel cooperative transmitter/receiver coded caching strategy. It offers the freedom to adjust file splitting ratios for NDT minimization. We then propose a delivery strategy that transforms the considered interference network into a new class of cooperative X-multicast channels. It leverages local caching gain, coded multicasting gain, and transmitter cooperation gain (via interference alignment and interference neutralization) opportunistically. Finally, the achievable NDT is obtained by solving a linear programming problem. This paper reveals that with caching at both transmitter and receiver sides, the network can benefit simultaneously from traffic load reduction and transmission rate enhancement, thereby effectively reducing the content delivery latency.
A 39 µW body channel communication wake-up receiver with injection-locking ring-oscillator for wireless body area network

An ultra-low power wake-up receiver for body channel communication (BCC) is implemented in 0.13 μm CMOS process. The proposed wake-up receiver uses the injection-locking ring-oscillator (ILRO) to replace the RF amplifier with low power consumption. Through the ILRO, the frequency modulated input signal is converted to the full swing rectangular signal which is directly demodulated by the following low power PLL based FSK demodulator. In addition, the relaxed sensitivity and selectivity requirement by the good channel quality of the BCC reduces the power consumption of the receiver. As a result, the proposed wake-up receiver achieves a sensitivity of -55.2 dbm at a data rate of 200 kbps while consuming only 39 μW from the 0.7 V supply.
Fashion Retail Master Data Model and Business Development

Retailing, and particularly fashion retailing, is changing into a much more technology driven business model using omni-channel retailing approaches. Also analytical and data-driven marketing is on the rise. However, there has not been paid a lot of attention to the underlying and underpinning datastructures, the characteristics for fashion retailing, the relationship between static and dynamic data, and the governance of this. This paper is analysing and discussing the data dimension of fashion retailing with focus on data-model development, master data management and the impact of this on business development in the form of increased operational effectiveness, better adaptation the omni-channel environment and improved alignment between the business strategy and the supporting data. The paper presents a case study of a major European fashion retail and wholesale company that is in the process of reorganising its master data model and master data governance to remove silos of data, connect and utilise data across business processes, and design a global product master data database that integrates data for all existing and expected sales channels. As a major finding of this paper is fashion retailing needs more strict master data governance than general retailing as products are plenty, designed products are not necessarily marketed, and product life-cycles generally are short.
Box 1 Histologic classification of lung cancera Preinvasive lesions

Worldwide, lung cancer is the most common cause of major cancer incidence and mortality in men, whereas in women it is the third most common cause of cancer incidence and the second most common cause of cancer mortality. In 2010 the American Cancer Society estimated that lung cancer would account for more than 222,520 new cases in the United States during 2010 and 157,300 cancer deaths. Although lung cancer incidence in the United States began to decline in men in the early 1980s, it seems to have plateaued in women. Lung cancer can be diagnosed pathologically either by a histologic or cytologic approach. The new International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC)/American Thoracic Society (ATS)/ European Respiratory Society (ERS) Lung Adenocarcinoma Classification has made major changes in how lung adenocarcinoma is diagnosed. It will significantly alter the structure of the previous 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung tumors (Box 1). Not only does it address classification in resectionspecimens (seeBox1), but it also makes recommendations applicable to small biopsies and cytology specimens, for diagnostic termsandcriteria forothermajor histologic subtypes inaddition to adenocarcinoma (Table1). The4major histologic types of lung cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. These major types can be subclassified into more specific subtypes such as lepidic predominant subtype of adenocarcinoma or the basaloid variant of large cell carcinoma.More detailed reviews of the pathology, cytology, and molecular biology of lung cancer can be found elsewhere.
Repulsive reaction vector generator for whole-arm collision avoidance of 7-DoF redundant robot manipulator

In this paper, we propose a repulsive reaction vector generator (RVG) for whole-arm collision avoidance of 7-DoF redundant robot manipulator, and elucidate the case of spherical-revolute-spherical (S-R-S) type manipulator. Furthermore, this article discusses the obstacle-avoiding function of RVG, in which the generated reaction vector can aid the manipulator to achieve collision avoidance in an intuitive way by taking arm angle as the redundant parameter. First of all, we use six representative points to describe the manipulator, and generate the repulsive vectors according to the relationship between obstacle and the tip, wrist, and arm body of the manipulator, respectively. Next, after the pose of the manipulator, including position, orientation, and arm angle, is rectified by the reaction vector, the command would be sent to proposed vOTG to complete the reactive motion. As a result, the manipulator can achieve intuitive repulsive reaction, active whole-arm collision avoidance, and meanwhile avoiding the minor-risk obstacle by rotating the arm plane. Experimental results with NTU-iCeiRA arm developed in our lab and Microsoft Kinect depth sensor are presented.
Optimized control of a residential heat pump

Recent developments in both heating and power sectors contribute to the creation of an integrated power system. Taking also into account the increased amount of distributed generation, current trends in power generation, transportation and consumption will be significantly affected. Linking components of this integrated system, such as heat pumps, can be controlled in different ways, to provide certain benefits to different parties. The scope of this paper is to provide a control algorithm for a residential heat pump, in order to minimize its cost, paid by the customer/owner, while maintaining a certain temperature and comfort level. A commercially available heat pump installed in a typical house with standard thermal insulation is considered. Simulation results conclude that the proposed controlling method succeeds in reducing the amount of money spent by the customer for residential heating purposes.
SerialRank: Spectral Ranking using Seriation

We describe a seriation algorithm for ranking a set of n items given pairwise comparisons between these items. Intuitively, the algorithm assigns similar rankings to items that compare similarly with all others. It does so by constructing a similarity matrix from pairwise comparisons, using seriation methods to reorder this matrix and construct a ranking. We first show that this spectral seriation algorithm recovers the true ranking when all pairwise comparisons are observed and consistent with a total order. We then show that ranking reconstruction is still exact even when some pairwise comparisons are corrupted or missing, and that seriation based spectral ranking is more robust to noise than other scoring methods. An additional benefit of the seriation formulation is that it allows us to solve semi-supervised ranking problems. Experiments on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate that seriation based spectral ranking achieves competitive and in some cases superior performance compared to classical ranking methods.
Regional differences in white matter breakdown between frontotemporal dementia and early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

White matter abnormalities have been associated with both behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).



Using MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, we compared white matter integrity between patients with bvFTD and those with early-onset AD and correlated these biomarkers with behavioral symptoms involving emotional blunting.



We studied 8 bvFTD and 12 AD patients as well as 12 demographically-matched healthy controls (NCs). Using four DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity), we assessed the frontal lobes (FWM) and genu of the corpus callosum (GWM), which are vulnerable late-myelinating regions, and a contrasting early-myelinating region (splenium of the corpus callosum). The Scale for Emotional Blunting Scale (SEB) was used to assess emotional functioning of the study participants.



Compared to AD patients and NCs, the bvFTD subjects exhibited significantly worse FWM and GWM integrity on all four DTI metrics sensitive to myelin and axonal integrity. In contrast, AD patients showed a numerical trend toward worse splenium of the corpus callosum integrity than bvFTD and NC groups. Significant associations between SEB ratings and GWM DTI measures were demonstrated in the combined bvFTD and AD sample. When examined separately, these relationships remained robust for the bvFTD group but not the AD group.



The regional DTI alterations suggest that FTD and AD are each associated with a characteristic distribution of white matter degradation. White matter breakdown in late-myelinating regions was associated with symptoms of emotional blunting, particularly within the bvFTD group.
Female genital mutilation among Iraqi Kurdish women: a cross-sectional study from Erbil city

Iraqi Kurdistan region is one of the areas where female genital mutilation is reportedly widely practiced but inadequately studied. The aim of this study was to determine (i) the prevalence of female genital mutilation among Muslim Kurdish women in Erbil city, (ii) the patterns and types of female genital mutilation, (iii) the factors associated with this practice and (iv) women's knowledge and attitudes towards this practice.



A cross-sectional study was conducted in the primary health care centers and the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city, involving 1987 women aged 15-49 years. Data were obtained about female genital mutilation status and knowledge and perception towards this practice. The participants were clinically examined to verify the self-reported female genital mutilation status.



The self-reported prevalence of female genital mutilation was 70.3%, while it was 58.6% according to clinical examination of the women's genitalia. The most common type of female genital mutilation was type I (99.6%) and the most common age at which mutilation was performed was 4-7 years (60.2%). This practice was mostly performed by traditional birth attendants (72.5%). Only 6.4% of mutilated women reported having complications after mutilation, most commonly bleeding (3.6%). The practice was more reported among housewives (OR = 3.3), those women whose mothers were mutilated (OR = 15.1) or with unknown mutilation status (OR = 7.3) and those women whose fathers were illiterate (OR = 1.4) or could only read and write (OR = 1.6). The common reasons for practicing female genital mutilation were cultural tradition (46.7%) and dictate of religion (38.9%). Only 30% of the participants were aware about the health consequences of female genital mutilation. More than one third (36.6%) of the women support the practice and 34.5% have intention to mutilate their daughters.



Prevalence of female genital mutilation among Muslim Kurdish women in Erbil city is very high; although, most cases are of type I. There is clear lack of knowledge about the health consequences of female genital mutilation and a relatively important segment of women support this practice. Custom or tradition and dictate of religion are the main reasons for this practice that need further in-depth exploration.
K-means based segmentation for real-time zenithal people counting

The paper presents an efficient and reliable approach to automatic people segmentation, tracking and counting, designed for a system with an overhead mounted (zenithal) camera. Upon the initial block-wise background subtraction, k-means clustering is used to enable the segmentation of single persons in the scene. The number of people in the scene is estimated as the maximal number of clusters with acceptable inter-cluster separation. Tracking of segmented people is addressed as a problem of dynamic cluster assignment between two consecutive frames and it is solved in a greedy fashion. Systems for people counting are applied to people surveillance and management and lately within the ambient intelligence solutions. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method is able to achieve very good results in terms of counting accuracy and execution speed.