nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning in Topology-based Representation for Human Body Movement with Whole Arm Manipulation

Moving a human body or a large and bulky object can require the strength of whole arm manipulation (WAM). This type of manipulation places the load on the robot’s arms and relies on global properties of the interaction to succeed— rather than local contacts such as grasping or non-prehensile pushing. In this paper, we learn to generate motions that enable WAM for holding and transporting of humans in certain rescue or patient care scenarios. We model the task as a reinforcement learning problem in order to provide a behavior that can directly respond to external perturbation and human motion. For this, we represent global properties of the robot-human interaction with topology-based coordinates that are computed from arm and torso positions. These coordinates also allow transferring the learned policy to other body shapes and sizes. For training and evaluation, we simulate a dynamic sea rescue scenario and show in quantitative experiments that the policy can solve unseen scenarios with differently-shaped humans, floating humans, or with perception noise. Our qualitative experiments show the subsequent transporting after holding is achieved and we demonstrate that the policy can be directly transferred to a real world setting.
Delta-net: Real-time Network Verification Using Atoms

Real-time network verification promises to automatically detect violations of network-wide reachability invariants on the data plane. To be useful in practice, these violations need to be detected in the order of milliseconds, without raising false alarms. To date, most real-time data plane checkers address this problem by exploiting at least one of the following two observations: (i) only small parts of the network tend to be affected by typical changes to the data plane, and (ii) many different packets tend to share the same forwarding behaviour in the entire network. This paper shows how to effectively exploit a third characteristic of the problem, namely: similarity among forwarding behaviour of packets through parts of the network, rather than its entirety. We propose the first provably amortized quasi-linear algorithm to do so. We implement our algorithm in a new real-time data plane checker, Delta-net. Our experiments with SDN-IP, a globally deployed ONOS software-defined networking application, and several hundred million IP prefix rules generated using topologies and BGP updates from realworld deployed networks, show that Delta-net checks a rule insertion or removal in approximately 40 microseconds on average, a more than 10× improvement over the state-of-the-art. We also show that Delta-net eliminates an inherent bottleneck in the state-of-the-art that restricts its use in answering Datalog-style “what if” queries.
Development of a Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth

This paper presents a Compendium of Energy Expenditures for use in scoring physical activity questionnaires and estimating energy expenditure levels in youth.



Modeled after the adult Compendium of Physical Activities, the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth contains a list of over 200 activities commonly performed by youth and their associated MET intensity levels. A review of existing data collected on the energy cost of youth performing activities was undertaken and incorporated into the compendium. About 35% of the activity MET levels were derived from energy cost data measured in youth and the remaining MET levels estimated from the adult compendium.



The Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth is useful to researchers and practitioners interested in identifying physical activity and energy expenditure values in children and adolescents in a variety of settings.
Tools for the Automatic Generation of Ontology Documentation: A Task-Based Evaluation

Ontologies are knowledge constructs essential for creation of the Web of Data. Good documentation is required to permit people to understand ontologies and thus employ them correctly, but this is costly to create by tradition authorship methods, and is thus inefficient to create in this way until an ontology has matured into a stable structure. The authors describe three tools, LODE, Parrot and the OWLDoc-based Ontology Browser, that can be used automatically to create documentation from a well-formed OWL ontology at any stage of its development. They contrast their properties and then report on the authors’ evaluation of their effectiveness and usability, determined by two task-based user testing sessions.
Fusion of VR and teleoperation for innovative near-presence laboratory experience in engineering education

Distance learning is becoming a popular mode of learning among individuals seeking to add new skills to their repertoire or acquire an advanced degree. The availability of online course materials from institutions in academia aid this process, lending standardized and validated information to the audience seeking such knowledge. Although the online system of learning is extremely convenient for acquiring theoretical knowledge, the scope of hands-on experience is limited to the use of simulation software or involves the purchase of expensive laboratory kits. The proliferation of new technology like Virtual Reality (VR), Fifth Generation cellular networks (5G), and industrial robotics can be leveraged to bridge this gap, however. This will enable effective delivery of traditional disciplines like Electrical, Computer, or Mechanical Engineering using the online mode. This paper discusses the enabling technologies for implementing such a system. An ongoing effort to establish a proof-of-concept system in the Electrical and Computer Engineering department of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln is presented.
Spaceborne MIMO Synthetic Aperture Radar for Multimodal Operation

In this paper, we introduce a novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) concept for multimodal operation. The proposed system employs waveforms based on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique and digital beamforming (DBF) on receive. Thereby, it becomes feasible to maximize spatial degrees of freedom, which are necessary for the multimodal operation. The proposed MIMO SAR system produces multiple high-resolution wide-swath SAR imageries that are used for coherent postprocessing. Through this paper, we aim to open up a new perspective of using MIMO concept for a wide-swath SAR imaging with high resolution in interferometric and polarimetric modes, based on OFDM and DBF techniques. Therefore, this paper encompasses broad theoretical backgrounds and general system design issues as well as specific signal processing techniques and aspects.
Chemical constituents of marijuana: the complex mixture of natural cannabinoids.

The cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) and products thereof (such as marijuana, hashish and hash oil) have a long history of use both as a medicinal agent and intoxicant. Over the last few years there have been an active debate regarding the medicinal aspects of cannabis. Currently cannabis products are classified as Schedule I drugs under the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Controlled Substances act, which means that the drug is only available for human use as an investigational drug. In addition to the social aspects of the use of the drug and its abuse potential, the issue of approving it as a medicine is further complicated by the complexity of the chemical make up of the plant. This manuscript discusses the chemical constituents of the plant with particular emphasis on the cannabinoids as the class of compounds responsible for the drug's psychological properties.
Measuring the User Experience: Collecting, Analyzing, and Presenting Usability Metrics

Measuring the User Experience was the first book that focused on how to quantify the user experience. Now in the second edition, the authors include new material on how recent technologies have made it easier and more effective to collect a broader range of data about the user experience. As more UX and web professionals need to justify their design decisions with solid, reliable data, Measuring the User Experience provides the quantitative analysis training that these professionals need. The second edition presents new metrics such as emotional engagement, personas, keystroke analysis, and net promoter score. It also examines how new technologies coming from neuro-marketing and online market research can refine user experience measurement, helping usability and user experience practitioners make business cases to stakeholders. The book also contains new research and updated examples, including tips on writing online survey questions, six new case studies, and examples using the most recent version of Excel.Learn which metrics to select for every case, including behavioral, physiological, emotional, aesthetic, gestural, verbal, and physical, as well as more specialized metrics such as eye-tracking and clickstream data.Find a vendor-neutral examination of how to measure the user experience with web sites, digital products, and virtually any other type of product or system. Discover in-depth global case studies showing how organizations have successfully used metrics and the information they revealed.Companion site, www.measuringux.com, includes articles, tools, spreadsheets, presentations, and other resources to help you effectively measure the user experience
Investigating learner attitudes toward e-books as learning tools: based on the activity theory approach

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BeepBeep: a high accuracy acoustic ranging system using COTS mobile devices

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of BeepBeep, a high-accuracy acoustic-based ranging system. It operates in a spontaneous, ad-hoc, and device-to-device context without leveraging any pre-planned infrastructure. It is a pure software-based solution and uses only the most basic set of commodity hardware -- a speaker, a microphone, and some form of device-to-device communication -- so that it is readily applicable to many low-cost sensor platforms and to most commercial-off-the-shelf mobile devices like cell phones and PDAs. It achieves high accuracy through a combination of three techniques: two-way sensing, self-recording, and sample counting. The basic idea is the following. To estimate the range between two devices, each will emit a specially-designed sound signal ("Beep") and collect a simultaneous recording from its microphone. Each recording should contain two such beeps, one from its own speaker and the other from its peer. By counting the number of samples between these two beeps and exchanging the time duration information with its peer, each device can derive the two-way time of flight of the beeps at the granularity of sound sampling rate. This technique cleverly avoids many sources of inaccuracy found in other typical time-of-arrival schemes, such as clock synchronization, non-real-time handling, software delays, etc. Our experiments on two common cell phone models have shown that we can achieve around one or two centimeters accuracy within a range of more than ten meters, despite a series of technical challenges in implementing the idea.
Anonymous CoinJoin Transactions with Arbitrary Values

Bitcoin, the arguably most popular cryptocurrency to date, allows users to perform transactions using freely chosen pseudonymous addresses. Previous research, however, suggests that these pseudonyms can easily be linked, implying a lower level of privacy than originally expected. To obfuscate the links between pseudonyms, different mixing methods have been proposed. One of the first approaches is the CoinJoin concept, where multiple users merge their transactions into one larger transaction. In theory, CoinJoin can be used to mix and transact bitcoins simultaneously, in one step. Yet, it is expected that differing bitcoin amounts would allow an attacker to derive the original single transactions. Solutions based on CoinJoin therefore prescribe the use of fixed bitcoin amounts and cannot be used to perform arbitrary transactions.In this paper, we define a model for CoinJoin transactions and metrics that allow conclusions about the provided anonymity. We generate and analyze CoinJoin transactions and show that with differing, representative amounts they generally do not provide any significant anonymity gains. As a solution to this problem, we present an output splitting approach that introduces sufficient ambiguity to effectively prevent linking in CoinJoin transactions. Furthermore, we discuss how this approach could be used in Bitcoin today.
Array-Antenna Decoupling Surface

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) technology is considered to be a key enabling technology for future wireless communication systems. One of the challenges in effectively implementing an advanced precoding scheme to a large-scale array antenna is how to reduce the mutual coupling among antenna elements. In this paper, a new concept that is called array-antenna decoupling surface (ADS) for reducing the mutual coupling between antenna elements in a large-scale array antenna is proposed for the first time. An ADS is a thin surface that is composed of a plurality of electrical small metal patches and is placed in front of the array antenna. The partially diffracted waves from the ADS can be controlled to cancel the unwanted coupled waves. Two practical design examples are given to illustrate the design process and considerations, and to demonstrate the usefulness of ADS for the applications of phased array antennas and M-MIMO systems when commonly used precoding schemes are applied. The attractive features of ADS include its applicability to a large-scale array antenna; suitability for a wide range of antenna forms; wide decoupling bandwidth; and simplicity in implementation.
Using association rules for ontology extraction from a Quran corpus

Ontology can be seen as a formal representation of knowledge. They have been investigated in many arti ficial intelligence studies including semantic web, softwa re engineering, and information retrieval. The aim of ontology is t o develop knowledge representations that can be shared and re used. This research project is concerned with the use of assoc iati n rules to extract the Quran ontology. The manual acquisition of ontologies from Quran verses can be very costly; therefore, we ne d an intelligent system for Quran ontology construction using patternbased schemes and associations rules to discover Qu ran concepts and semantics relations from Quran verses. Our system i s based on the combination of statistics and linguistics methods t o extract concepts and conceptual relations from Quran. In particular, linguistic pattern-based approach is exploited to extract spec ific concepts from the Quran, while the conceptual relations are found based on association rules technique. The Quran ontology wil l offer a new and powerful representation of Quran knowledge, and the association rules will help to represent the relations between all classes of connected concepts in the Quran ontology.  Ontology; Concepts Extraction ; Quran; Association Rules; Text Mining.
Introducing Expected Returns into Risk Parity Portfolios : A New Framework for Tactical and Strategic Asset Allocation

Risk parity is an allocation method used to build diversified portfolios that does not rely on any assumptions of expected returns, thus placing risk management at the heart of the strategy. This explains why risk parity became a popular investment model after the global financial crisis in 2008. However, risk parity has also been criticized because it focuses on managing risk concentration rather than portfolio performance, and is therefore seen as being closer to passive management than active management. In this article, we show how to introduce assumptions of expected returns into risk parity portfolios. To do this, we consider a generalized risk measure that takes into account both the portfolio return and volatility. However, the trade-off between performance and volatility contributions creates some difficulty, while the risk budgeting problem must be clearly defined. After deriving the theoretical properties of such risk budgeting portfolios, we apply this new model to asset allocation. First, we consider long-term investment policy and the determination of strategic asset allocation. We then consider dynamic allocation and show how to build risk parity funds that depend on expected returns.
Eye-tracking of men's preferences for waist-to-hip ratio and breast size of women.

Studies of human physical traits and mate preferences often use questionnaires asking participants to rate the attractiveness of images. Female waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), breast size, and facial appearance have all been implicated in assessments by men of female attractiveness. However, very little is known about how men make fine-grained visual assessments of such images. We used eye-tracking techniques to measure the numbers of visual fixations, dwell times, and initial fixations made by men who viewed front-posed photographs of the same woman, computer-morphed so as to differ in her WHR (0.7 or 0.9) and breast size (small, medium, or large). Men also rated these images for attractiveness. Results showed that the initial visual fixation (occurring within 200 ms from the start of each 5 s test) involved either the breasts or the waist. Both these body areas received more first fixations than the face or the lower body (pubic area and legs). Men looked more often and for longer at the breasts, irrespective of the WHR of the images. However, men rated images with an hourglass shape and a slim waist (0.7 WHR) as most attractive, irrespective of breast size. These results provide quantitative data on eye movements that occur during male judgments of the attractiveness of female images, and indicate that assessments of the female hourglass figure probably occur very rapidly.
A Web Crawler System Design Based on Distributed Technology

A practical distributed web crawler architecture is designed. The distributed cooperative grasping algorithm is put forward to solve the problem of distributed Web Crawler grasping. Log structure and Hash structure are combined and a large-scale web store structure is devised, which can meet not only the need of a large amount of random accesses, but also the need of newly added pages. Experiment results have shown that the distributed Web Crawler's performance, scalability, and load balance are better.
Math Anxiety : Personal , Educational , and Cognitive Consequences

Highly math-anxious individuals are characterized by a strong tendency to avoid math, which ultimately undercuts their math competence and forecloses important career paths. But timed, on-line tests reveal math-anxiety effects on w h o l e-n u m b e r a r i t h m e t i c p r o b l e m s (e. g. , 4 6 ϩ 2 7) , whereas achievement tests show no competence differences. Math anxiety disrupts cognitive processing by compromising ongoing activity in working memory. Although the causes of math anxiety are undetermined, some teaching styles are implicated as risk factors. We need research on the origins of math anxiety and on its " signature " in brain activity , to examine both its emo-t i o n a l a n d i t s c o g n i t i v e components. My graduate assistant recently told me about a participant he had tested in the lab. She exhibited increasing discomfort and nervousness as the testing session progressed , eventually becoming so distraught that she burst into tears. My assistant remarked that many of our participants show some un-ease or apprehension during test-ing—trembling hands, nervous laughter, and so forth. Many ask, defensively, if their performance says anything about their overall intelligence. These occasionally extreme emotional reactions are not triggered by deliberately provocative procedures—there are no personally sensitive questions or intentional manipulations of stress. Instead, we merely ask college adults to solve elementary-school arithmetic problems, such as 46 ϩ 18 ϭ ? and 34 Ϫ 19 ϭ ? The reactions are obvious symptoms of anxiety, in this case math anxiety induced by ordinary arithmetic problems presented in timed tasks. On the one hand, it is almost unbelievable that tests on such fundamental topics can be so upsetting ; knowing that 15 Ϫ 8 ϭ 7 ought to be as basic as knowing how to spell " cat. " On the other hand, U.S. culture abounds with attitudes that foster math anxiety: Math is thought to be inherently difficult (as Barbie dolls used to say, " Math class is hard "), aptitude is considered far more important than effort (Geary, 1994, chap. 7), and being good at math is considered relatively unimportant, or even optional. In this article, I discuss what has been learned about math anxiety across the past 30 years or so, and suggest …
Tuning of PID controller for an automatic regulator voltage system using chaotic optimization approach

Despite the popularity, the tuning aspect of proportional–integral-derivative (PID) controllers is a challenge for researchers and plant operators. Various controllers tuning methodologies have been proposed in the literature such as auto-tuning, self-tuning, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, and optimization methods. Chaotic optimization algorithms as an emergent method of global optimization have attracted much attention in engineering applications. Chaotic optimization algorithms, which have the features of easy implementation, short execution time and robust mechanisms of escaping from local optimum, is a promising tool for engineering applications. In this paper, a tuning method for determining the parameters of PID control for an automatic regulator voltage (AVR) system using a chaotic optimization approach based on Lozi map is proposed. Since chaotic mapping enjoys certainty, ergodicity and the stochastic property, the proposed chaotic optimization introduces chaos mapping using Lozi map chaotic sequences which increases its convergence rate and resulting precision. Simulation results are promising and show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Numerical simulations based on proposed PID control of an AVR system for nominal system parameters and step reference voltage input demonstrate the good performance of chaotic optimization.
Position control for direct landing of elevator using time-based position pattern generation

In this paper, the position control system for direct landing of an elevator is addressed. Conventional systems have employed independent microprocessors for speed, car, and group control respectively and the car controller usually generates a velocity command by combining the time-based and distance-based velocity pattern. In the scheme, it is inevitable that an elevator creeps or stops abruptly in the vicinity of target position. The proposed position control system uses only one high-performance microprocessor, which can execute the car and group control algorithm as well as the speed control algorithm. It simply generates the desired position trajectory (s-curve) based on time and corrects on-line a velocity pattern to make the position error zero. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.