nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Carpenter Syndrome: Extended RAB23 Mutation Spectrum and Analysis of Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

Carpenter syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a combination of craniosynostosis, polysyndactyly, obesity, and other congenital malformations, is caused by mutations in RAB23, encoding a member of the Rab-family of small GTPases. In 15 out of 16 families previously reported, the disease was caused by homozygosity for truncating mutations, and currently only a single missense mutation has been identified in a compound heterozygote. Here, we describe a further 8 independent families comprising 10 affected individuals with Carpenter syndrome, who were positive for mutations in RAB23. We report the first homozygous missense mutation and in-frame deletion, highlighting key residues for RAB23 function, as well as the first splice-site mutation. Multi-suture craniosynostosis and polysyndactyly have been present in all patients described to date, and abnormal external genitalia have been universal in boys. High birth weight was not evident in the current group of patients, but further evidence for laterality defects is reported. No genotype-phenotype correlations are apparent. We provide experimental evidence that transcripts encoding truncating mutations are subject to nonsense-mediated decay, and that this plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many RAB23 mutations. These observations refine the phenotypic spectrum of Carpenter syndrome and offer new insights into molecular pathogenesis.
Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams using FRP Technique : A Review

Excessive fatigue deterioration is usually experienced when Reinforced Concrete structural elements are subjected to loadings. This emphasizes the desire to strengthen as well as improve the fatigue performance and extend the fatigue life of RC structural components particularly beams. During the last few decades, strengthening of concrete structural elements by fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) has become a widely used technique where high strength is needed for carrying heavy loads or repairing is done due to fatigue cracking, failure modes and or corrosion. This paper reviews various aspects of RC beams strengthened with FRP. This topic has not been covered comprehensively in previous studies, whereas the technology has been modified rapidly in the recent past. It highlights aspects such as surface preparation, adhesive curing, finite element (FE) simulation, fatigue performance as well as the failure modes of RC beams retrofitted with FRP. This technique eliminates and or reduces the crack growth rate, delay initial cracking, decline the stiffness decay with residual deflection and extend the fatigue life of RC beams. The best strengthening option in this case is pre-stressed carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP).
Forensic analysis of Kik messenger on iOS devices

Instant messaging applications continue to grow in popularity as a means of communicating and sharing multimedia files. The information contained within these applications can prove invaluable to law enforcement in the investigation of crimes. Kik messenger is a recently introduced instant messaging application that has become very popular in a short period of time, especially among young users. The novelty of Kik means that there has been little forensic examination conducted on this application. This study addresses this issue by investigating Kik messenger on Apple iOS devices. The goal was to locate and document artefacts created or modified by Kik messenger on devices installed with the latest version of iOS, as well as in iTunes backup files. Once achieved, the secondary goal was to analyse the artefacts to decode and interpret their meaning and by doing so, be able to answer the typical questions faced by forensic investigators. A detailed description of artefacts created or modified by Kik messenger is provided. Results from experiments showed that deleted images are not only recoverable from the device, but can also be located and downloaded from Kik servers. A process to link data from multiple database tables producing accurate chat histories is explained. These outcomes can be used by law enforcement to investigate crimes and by software developers to create tools to recover evidence.
Multi-physics analysis of a high torque density motor for electric racing cars

This paper presents a newly developed high torque density motor design for electric racing cars. An interior permanent magnet motor with a flux-concentration configuration is proposed. The 18slots/16poles motor has pre-formed tooth wound coils, rare-earth magnets type material, whilst employing a highly efficient cooling system with forced oil convection through the slot and forced air convection in the airgap. Losses are minimized either by using special materials, i.e. non-oriented thin gage, laminated steel or special construction, i.e. magnet segmentation or twisted wires. The thermal behavior of the motor is modelled and tested using Le Mans racing typical driving cycle. Several prototypes have been built and tested to validate the proposed configuration.
Unintentional Child Neglect: Literature Review and Observational Study

Child abuse is a problem that affects over six million children in the United States each year. Child neglect accounts for 78 % of those cases. Despite this, the issue of child neglect is still not well understood, partially because child neglect does not have a consistent, universally accepted definition. Some researchers consider child neglect and child abuse to be one in the same, while other researchers consider them to be conceptually different. Factors that make child neglect difficult to define include: (1) Cultural differences; motives must be taken into account because parents may believe they are acting in the child’s best interests based on cultural beliefs (2) the fact that the effect of child abuse is not always immediately visible; the effects of emotional neglect specifically may not be apparent until later in the child’s development, and (3) the large spectrum of actions that fall under the category of child abuse. Some of the risk factors for increased child neglect and maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors include socioeconomic status, education level, family composition, and the presence of dysfunction family characteristics. Studies have found that children from poorer families and children of less educated parents are more likely to sustain fatal unintentional injuries than children of wealthier, better educated parents. Studies have also found that children living with adults unrelated to them are at increased risk for unintentional injuries and maltreatment. Dysfunctional family characteristics may even be more indicative of child neglect. Parental alcohol or drug abuse, parental personal history of neglect, and parental stress greatly increase the odds of neglect. Parental depression doubles the odds of child neglect. However, more research needs to be done to better understand these risk factors and to identify others. Having a clearer understanding of the risk factors could lead to prevention and treatment, as it would allow for health care personnel to screen for high-risk children and intervene before it is too late. Screening could also be done in the schools and organized after school activities. Parenting classes have been shown to be an effective intervention strategy by decreasing parental stress and potential for abuse, but there has been limited research done on this approach. Parenting classes can be part of the corrective actions for parents found to be neglectful or abusive, but parenting classes may also be useful as a preventative measure, being taught in schools or readily available in higher-risk communities. More research has to be done to better define child abuse and neglect so that it can be effectively addressed and treated.
dhSegment: A Generic Deep-Learning Approach for Document Segmentation

In recent years there have been multiple successful attempts tackling document processing problems separately by designing task specific hand-tuned strategies. We argue that the diversity of historical document processing tasks prohibits to solve them one at a time and shows a need for designing generic approaches in order to handle the variability of historical series. In this paper, we address multiple tasks simultaneously such as page extraction, baseline extraction, layout analysis or multiple typologies of illustrations and photograph extraction. We propose an open-source implementation of a CNN-based pixel-wise predictor coupled with task dependent post-processing blocks. We show that a single CNN-architecture can be used across tasks with competitive results. Moreover most of the task-specific post-precessing steps can be decomposed in a small number of simple and standard reusable operations, adding to the flexibility of our approach.
Applied Attribute-based Encryption Schemes

The advent of new cryptographic methods in recent years also includes schemes related to functional encryption. Within these schemes Attribute-based Encryption (ABE) became the most popular, including ciphertext-policy and key-policy ABE. ABE and related schemes are widely discussed within the mathematical community. Unfortunately, there are only a few implementations circulating within the computer science and the applied cryptography community. Hence, it is very difficult to include these new cryptographic methods in real-world applications. This article gives an overview of existing implementations and elaborates on their value in specific cloud computing and IoT application scenarios. This also includes a summary of the additions the authors made to current implementations such as the introduction of dynamic attributes. Attribute-based Encryption, Applied Cryptography, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing Security
The Impact of Scrum on Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Study

In the beginning of the last decade, agile methodologies emerged as a response to software development processes that were based on rigid approaches. In fact, the flexible characteristics of agile methods are expected to be suitable to the less-defined and uncertain nature of software development. However, many studies in this area lack empirical evaluation in order to provide more confident evidences about which contexts the claims are true. This paper reports an empirical study performed to analyze the impact of Scrum adoption on customer satisfaction as an external success perspective for software development projects in a software intensive organization. The study uses data from real-life projects executed in a major software intensive organization located in a nation wide software ecosystem. The empirical method applied was a cross-sectional survey using a sample of 19 real-life software development projects involving 156 developers. The survey aimed to determine whether there is any impact on customer satisfaction caused by the Scrum adoption. However, considering that sample, our results indicate that it was not possible to establish any evidence that using Scrum may help to achieve customer satisfaction and, consequently, increase the success rates in software projects, in contrary to general claims made by Scrum's advocates.
Single-Feed Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna with Novel Parasitic Elements

A novel wideband crossed dipole loaded with four parasitic elements is investigated in this letter. The printed crossed dipole is incorporated with a pair of vacant quarter rings to feed the antenna. The antenna is backed by a metallic plate to provide an unidirectional radiation pattern with a wide axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth. To verify the proposed design, a prototype is fabricated and measured. The final design with an overall size of $0.46\ \lambda_{0}\times 0.46\ \lambda_{0}\times 0.23\ \lambda_{0} (> \lambda_{0}$ is the free-space wavelength of circularly polarized center frequency) yields a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of approximately 62.7% and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of approximately 47.2%. In addition, the proposed antenna has a stable broadside gain of 7.9 ± 0.5 dBi within passband.
Comparison of two high frequency transformer designs to achieve zero voltage switching in a 311/100 v 1 kW phase-shifted full-bridge DC-DC converter

In this study, two high frequency transformer designs have been made in order to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition in a phase-shifted full-bridge inverter for dc-dc converter from 311 V input to 100 V output. One transformer was implemented using conventional winding technique while the second transformer was using interleaved technique. Simulation has shown that the second transformer gives the best result. Efficiency of up to 94% with full load regulation of 92% is achievable. This result can be achieved by adding external inductance of 26 μH.
The forensic investigation of android private browsing sessions using orweb

The continued increase in the usage of Small Scale Digital Devices (SSDDs) to browse the web has made mobile devices a rich potential for digital evidence. Issues may arise when suspects attempt to hide their browsing habits using applications like Orweb - which intends to anonymize network traffic as well as ensure that no browsing history is saved on the device. In this work, the researchers conducted experiments to examine if digital evidence could be reconstructed when the Orweb browser is used as a tool to hide web browsing activates on an Android smartphone. Examinations were performed on both a non-rooted and a rooted Samsung Galaxy S2 smartphone running Android 2.3.3. The results show that without rooting the device, no private web browsing traces through Orweb were found. However, after rooting the device, the researchers were able to locate Orweb browser history, and important corroborative digital evidence was found.
Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

To assess predictors of CVD mortality among men with and without diabetes and to assess the independent effect of diabetes on the risk of CVD death.



Participants in this cohort study were screened from 1973 to 1975; vital status has been ascertained over an average of 12 yr of follow-up (range 11-13 yr). Participants were 347,978 men aged 35-57 yr, screened in 20 centers for MRFIT. The outcome measure was CVD mortality.



Among 5163 men who reported taking medication for diabetes, 1092 deaths (603 CVD deaths) occurred in an average of 12 yr of follow-up. Among 342,815 men not taking medication for diabetes, 20,867 deaths were identified, 8965 ascribed to CVD. Absolute risk of CVD death was much higher for diabetic than nondiabetic men of every age stratum, ethnic background, and risk factor level--overall three times higher, with adjustment for age, race, income, serum cholesterol level, sBP, and reported number of cigarettes/day (P < 0.0001). For men both with and without diabetes, serum cholesterol level, sBP, and cigarette smoking were significant predictors of CVD mortality. For diabetic men with higher values for each risk factor and their combinations, absolute risk of CVD death increased more steeply than for nondiabetic men, so that absolute excess risk for diabetic men was progressively greater than for nondiabetic men with higher risk factor levels.



These findings emphasize the importance of rigorous sustained intervention in people with diabetes to control blood pressure, lower serum cholesterol, and abolish cigarette smoking, and the importance of considering nutritional-hygienic approaches on a mass scale to prevent diabetes.
Analysis of fMRI Time-Series Revisited

This paper presents a general approach to the analysis of functional MRI time-series from one or more subjects. The approach is predicated on an extension of the general linear model that allows for correlations between error terms due to physiological noise or correlations that ensue after temporal smoothing. This extension uses the effective degrees of freedom associated with the error term. The effective degrees of freedom are a simple function of the number of scans and the temporal auto correlation function. A specific form for the latter can be assumed if the data are smoothed, in time, to accentuate hemodynamic responses with a neural basis. This assumption leads to an expedient implementation of a flexible statistical framework. The importance of this small extension is that, in contradistinction to our previous approach, any parametric statistical analysis can be implemented. We demonstrate this point using a multiple regression analysis that tests for effects of interest (activations due to word generation), while taking explicit account of some obvious confounds.
The 'Trier Social Stress Test'--a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting.

This paper describes a protocol for induction of moderate psychological stress in a laboratory setting and evaluates its effects on physiological responses. The 'Trier Social Stress Test' (TSST) mainly consists of an anticipation period (10 min) and a test period (10 min) in which the subjects have to deliver a free speech and perform mental arithmetic in front of an audience. In six independent studies this protocol has been found to induce considerable changes in the concentration of ACTH, cortisol (serum and saliva), GH, prolactin as well as significant increases in heart rate. As for salivary cortisol levels, the TSST reliably led to 2- to 4-fold elevations above baseline with similar peak cortisol concentrations. Studies are summarized in which TSST-induced cortisol increases elucidated some of the multiple variables contributing to the interindividual variation in adrenocortical stress responses. The results suggest that gender, genetics and nicotine consumption can influence the individual's stress responsiveness to psychological stress while personality traits showed no correlation with cortisol responses to TSST stimulation. From these data we conclude that the TSST can serve as a tool for psychobiological research.
Soft Robots Using Compliant Tensegrity Structures and Soft Sensors

Tensegrity structures, isolated solid rods connected by tensile cables, are of interest in the field of soft robotics due to their flexible and robust nature. This makes them suitable for uneven and unpredictable environments in which traditional robots struggle. The compliant structure also ensures that the robot will not injure humans or delicate equipment in co-robotic applications . A 6-bar tensegrity structure is being used as the basis for a new generation of robotic landers and rovers for space exploration . In addition to a soft tensegrity structure, we are also exploring use of soft sensors as an integral part of the compliant elements. Fig. 1 shows an example of a 6-bar tensegrity structure, with integrated liquid metalembedded hyperelastic strain sensors as the 24 tensile components. For this tensegrity, the strain sensors are primarily composed of a silicone elastomer with embedded microchannels filled with conductive liquid metal (eutectic gallium indium alloy (eGaIn), Sigma-Aldrich) (fig.2). As the sensor is elongated, the resistance of the eGaIn channel will increase due to the decreased microchannel cross-sectional area and the increased microchannel length . The primary functions of this hyperelastic sensor tensegrity are model validation, feedback control, and structure analysis under payload. Feedback from the sensors can be used for experimental validation of existing models of tensegrity structures and dynamics, such as for the NASA Tensegrity Robotics Toolkit . In addition, the readings from the sensors can provide distance changed between the ends of the bars, which can be used as a state estimator for UC Berkeley’s rapidly prototyped tensegrity robot to perform feedback control [1]. Furthermore, this physical model allows us to observe and record the force distribution and structure deformation with different payload conditions. Currently, we are exploring the possibility of integrating shape memory alloys into the hyperelastic sensors, which can provide the benefit of both actuation and sensing in a compact module. Preliminary tests indicate that this combination has the potential to generate enough force and displacement to achieve punctuated rolling motion for the 6-bar tensegrity structure.
Education set design for smart home applications

Along with the increasing number of smart home applications, the need for the education of those systems has been unavoidable. Smart homes are a building and occupy large area. It has a lot of special control systems, communication systems and wiring. Thus, education of smart home systems requires special laboratories. At the places where special laboratories do not exist, the education is carried on theoretically. This is a problem. To achieve good smart home education a close collaboration between practice and theory is required. In this study, it has been tried to make an approach to the problem. So, the education set has been developed for better education than only theoretical education. 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 631 638, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.20360
A plea for minimally biased naturalistic philosophy

Naturalistic philosophers rely on literature search and review in a number of ways and for different purposes. Yet this article shows how processes of literature search and review are likely to be affected by widespread and systematic biases. A solution to this problem is offered here. Whilst the tradition of systematic reviews of literature from scientific disciplines has been neglected in philosophy, systematic reviews are important tools that minimize bias in literature search and review and allow for greater reproducibility and transparency. If naturalistic philosophers wish to reduce bias in their research, they should then supplement their traditional tools for literature search and review by including systematic methodologies.
Passenger expectations and airline services : a Hong Kong based study

The airline industry is undergoing a very difficult time and many companies are in search of service segmentation strategies that will satisfy different target market segments. This study attempts to identify the service dimensions that matter most to current airline passengers. The research measures and compares differences in passengers’ expectations of the desired airline service quality in terms of the dimensions of reliability; assurance; facilities; employees; flight patterns; customization and responsiveness. Primary data were collected from passengers departing Hong Kong airport. Regarding the service dimension expectations, differences analysis shows that there are no statistically significant differences between passengers who made their own airline choice (decision makers) and those who did not (non-decision makers). However, there are significant differences among passengers of different ethnic groups/nationalities as well as among passengers who travel for different purposes, such as business, holiday and visiting friends/relatives. The findings also indicate that passengers consistently rank ‘assurance’ as the most important service dimension. This indicates that passengers are concerned about the safety and security aspect and this may indicate why there has been such a downturn in demand as this study was conducted just prior to the World Trade Center incident on the 11th September 2001.