nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A machine learning approach for fingerprint based gender identification

This paper deals with the problem of gender classification using fingerprint images. Our attempt to gender identification follows the use of machine learning to determine the differences between fingerprint images. Each image in the database was represented by a feature vector consisting of ridge thickness to valley thickness ratio (RTVTR) and the ridge density values. By using a support vector machine trained on a set of 150 male and 125 female images, we obtain a robust classifying function for male and female feature vector patterns.
Code vectors: understanding programs through embedded abstracted symbolic traces

With the rise of machine learning, there is a great deal of interest in treating programs as data to be fed to learning algorithms. However, programs do not start off in a form that is immediately amenable to most off-the-shelf learning techniques. Instead, it is necessary to transform the program to a suitable representation before a learning technique can be applied. 
 In this paper, we use abstractions of traces obtained from symbolic execution of a program as a representation for learning word embeddings. We trained a variety of word embeddings under hundreds of parameterizations, and evaluated each learned embedding on a suite of different tasks. In our evaluation, we obtain 93% top-1 accuracy on a benchmark consisting of over 19,000 API-usage analogies extracted from the Linux kernel. In addition, we show that embeddings learned from (mainly) semantic abstractions provide nearly triple the accuracy of those learned from (mainly) syntactic abstractions.
Intracranial hydatidosis in Turkey: its clinical presentation, diagnostic studies, surgical management, and outcome. A review of 276 cases

Hydatid disease is still a major health problem in the infested areas of the world, especially in rural areas. Two hundred seventy-six Turkish cases with intracranial hydatidosis have been published since 1960. Based on the records of these cases, the clinical data, neuroradiological findings, treatment, and outcome of intracranial hydatidosis are reviewed. Demographically seen, there was a substantial prevalence of male patients – 167 cases (61%). Most of the patients with intracranial hydatidosis were from rural areas and the cysts were generally located in the cerebral hemispheres. In 100 patients, two or three lobes were affected and the cysts were multiple in 53. This infestation was also reported in rare locations such as the ventricular system, extradural space, posterior fossa, pons, sella turcica, parasellar area, and cavernous sinus. Only 49 patients (18%) had other organ infestation. The majority were operated on immediately after diagnosis was established. Operative mortality was 9% and postoperative complications developed in 26 patients. In my reference studies, only 16 cases of recurrence have been seen. This study confirms that hydatid disease is a difficult health problem in Turkey and demonstrates that surgery plus chemotherapy has considerably improved the prognosis, but local disinfectant application is not useful to devitalize the cystic contents. The dimensions, localization and numbers of the cysts are important determinants of the outcome.
Supplementary Material Deep Semantic Matching with Foreground Detection and Cycle-Consistency

001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 ACCV2018 #632 ACCV2018 #632 CONFIDENTIAL REVIEW COPY. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE.
The suprasacral parallel shift vs lumbar plexus blockade with ultrasound guidance in healthy volunteers--a randomised controlled trial.

Surgical anaesthesia with haemodynamic stability and opioid-free analgesia in fragile patients can theoretically be provided with lumbosacral plexus blockade. We compared a novel ultrasound-guided suprasacral technique for blockade of the lumbar plexus and the lumbosacral trunk with ultrasound-guided blockade of the lumbar plexus. The objective was to investigate whether the suprasacral technique is equally effective for anaesthesia of the terminal lumbar plexus nerves compared with a lumbar plexus block, and more effective for anaesthesia of the lumbosacral trunk. Twenty volunteers were included in a randomised crossover trial comparing the new suprasacral with a lumbar plexus block. The primary outcome was sensory dermatome anaesthesia of L2-S1. Secondary outcomes were peri-neural analgesic spread estimated with magnetic resonance imaging, sensory blockade of dermatomes L2-S3, motor blockade, volunteer discomfort, arterial blood pressure change, block performance time, lidocaine pharmacokinetics and complications. Only one volunteer in the suprasacral group had sensory blockade of all dermatomes L2-S1. Epidural spread was verified by magnetic resonance imaging in seven of the 34 trials (two suprasacral and five lumbar plexus blocks). Success rates of the sensory and motor blockade were 88-100% for the major lumbar plexus nerves with the suprasacral technique, and 59-88% with the lumbar plexus block (p > 0.05). Success rate of motor blockade was 50% for the lumbosacral trunk with the suprasacral technique and zero with the lumbar plexus block (p < 0.05). Both techniques are effective for blockade of the terminal nerves of the lumbar plexus. The suprasacral parallel shift technique is 50% effective for blockade of the lumbosacral trunk.
On the security of the Winternitz one-time signature scheme

We show that the Winternitz one-time signature scheme is existentially unforgeable under adaptive chosen message attacks when instantiated with a family of pseudorandom functions. Our result halves the signature size at the same security level, compared to previous results, which require a collision resistant hash function. We also consider security in the strong sense and show that the Winternitz one-time signature scheme is strongly unforgeable assuming additional properties of the pseudorandom function family. In this context we formally define several key-based security notions for function families and investigate their relation to pseudorandomness. All our reductions are exact and in the standard model and can directly be used to estimate the output length of the hash function required to meet a certain security level.
The anticipating brain is not a scientist: the free-energy principle from an ecological-enactive perspective

In this paper, we argue for a theoretical separation of the free-energy principle from Helmholtzian accounts of the predictive brain. The free-energy principle is a theoretical framework capturing the imperative for biological self-organization in information-theoretic terms. The free-energy principle has typically been connected with a Bayesian theory of predictive coding, and the latter is often taken to support a Helmholtzian theory of perception as unconscious inference. If our interpretation is right, however, a Helmholtzian view of perception is incompatible with Bayesian predictive coding under the free-energy principle. We argue that the free energy principle and the ecological and enactive approach to mind and life make for a much happier marriage of ideas. We make our argument based on three points. First we argue that the free energy principle applies to the whole animal–environment system, and not only to the brain. Second, we show that active inference, as understood by the free-energy principle, is incompatible with unconscious inference understood as analagous to scientific hypothesis-testing, the main tenet of a Helmholtzian view of perception. Third, we argue that the notion of inference at work in Bayesian predictive coding under the free-energy principle is too weak to support a Helmholtzian theory of perception. Taken together these points imply that the free energy principle is best understood in ecological and enactive terms set out in this paper.
Ensemble-based algorithms to detect disjoint and overlapping communities in networks

Given a set AL of community detection algorithms and a graph G as inputs, we propose two ensemble methods EnDisCo and MeDOC that (respectively) identify disjoint and overlapping communities in G. EnDisCo transforms a graph into a latent feature space by leveraging multiple base solutions and discovers disjoint community structure. MeDOC groups similar base communities into a meta-community and detects both disjoint and overlapping community structures. Experiments are conducted at different scales on both synthetically generated networks as well as on several real-world networks for which the underlying ground-truth community structure is available. Our extensive experiments show that both algorithms outperform state-of-the-art non-ensemble algorithms by a significant margin. Moreover, we compare EnDisCo and MeDOC with a recent ensemble method for disjoint community detection and show that our approaches achieve superior performance. To the best of our knowledge, MeDOC is the first ensemble approach for overlapping community detection.
Recurrent Ladder Networks

We propose a recurrent extension of the Ladder networks [22] whose structure is motivated by the inference required in hierarchical latent variable models. We demonstrate that the recurrent Ladder is able to handle a wide variety of complex learning tasks that benefit from iterative inference and temporal modeling. The architecture shows close-to-optimal results on temporal modeling of video data, competitive results on music modeling, and improved perceptual grouping based on higher order abstractions, such as stochastic textures and motion cues. We present results for fully supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised tasks. The results suggest that the proposed architecture and principles are powerful tools for learning a hierarchy of abstractions, learning iterative inference and handling temporal information.
Performance Analysis of GPU-Based Convolutional Neural Networks

As one of the most important deep learning models, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved great successes in a number of applications such as image classification, speech recognition and nature language understanding. Training CNNs on large data sets is computationally expensive, leading to a flurry of research and development of open-source parallel implementations on GPUs. However, few studies have been performed to evaluate the performance characteristics of those implementations. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive comparison of these implementations over a wide range of parameter configurations, investigate potential performance bottlenecks and point out a number of opportunities for further optimization.
Mobile Scrum

In this paper we discuss whether mobile applications can support software developers to improve their efficiency and communication. We propose the idea of Mobile Scrum, a native and integrated mobile application that supports scrum teams in their activities and fits into their environment. Team members can use it anytime and anywhere to communicate and share knowledge within the team. Mobile Scrum provides a lightweight, yet easy and intuitive to use interface compared to existing web-based and desktop applications. With guides and templates it helps to prevent typical problems when applying Scrum. Furthermore it improves the consistency of scrum artifacts and enables easy access to important information.
Exploring code clones in programmable logic controller software

The reuse of code fragments by copying and pasting is widely practiced in software development and results in code clones. Cloning is considered an anti-pattern as it negatively affects program correctness and increases maintenance efforts. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) software is no exception in the code clone discussion as reuse in development and maintenance is frequently achieved through copy, paste, and modification. Even though the presence of code clones may not necessary be a problem per se, it is important to detect, track and manage clones as the software system evolves. Unfortunately, tool support for clone detection and management is not commonly available for PLC software systems or limited to generic tools with a reduced set of features. In this paper, we investigate code clones in a real-world PLC software system based on IEC 61131-3 Structured Text and C/C++. We extended a widely used tool for clone detection with normalization support. Furthermore, we evaluated the different types and natures of code clones in the studied system and their relevance for refactoring. Results shed light on the applicability and usefulness of clone detection in the context of industrial automation systems and it demonstrates the benefit of adapting detection and management tools for IEC 611313-3 languages.
Fast car detection using image strip features

This paper presents a fast method for detecting multi-view cars in real-world scenes. Cars are artificial objects with various appearance changes, but they have relatively consistent characteristics in structure that consist of some basic local elements. Inspired by this, we propose a novel set of image strip features to describe the appearances of those elements. The new features represent various types of lines and arcs with edge-like and ridge-like strip patterns, which significantly enrich the simple features such as haar-like features and edgelet features. They can also be calculated efficiently using the integral image. Moreover, we develop a new complexity-aware criterion for RealBoost algorithm to balance the discriminative capability and efficiency of the selected features. The experimental results on widely used single view and multi-view car datasets show that our approach is fast and has good performance.
Aging effect in pattern, motion and cognitive visual evoked potentials

An electrophysiological study on the effect of aging on the visual pathway and various levels of visual information processing (primary cortex, associate visual motion processing cortex and cognitive cortical areas) was performed. We examined visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to pattern-reversal, motion-onset (translation and radial motion) and visual stimuli with a cognitive task (cognitive VEPs - P300 wave) at luminance of 17 cd/m(2). The most significant age-related change in a group of 150 healthy volunteers (15-85 years of age) was the increase in the P300 wave latency (2 ms per 1 year of age). Delays of the motion-onset VEPs (0.47 ms/year in translation and 0.46 ms/year in radial motion) and the pattern-reversal VEPs (0.26 ms/year) and the reductions of their amplitudes with increasing subject age (primarily in P300) were also found to be significant. The amplitude of the motion-onset VEPs to radial motion remained the most constant parameter with increasing age. Age-related changes were stronger in males. Our results indicate that cognitive VEPs, despite larger variability of their parameters, could be a useful criterion for an objective evaluation of the aging processes within the CNS. Possible differences in aging between the motion-processing system and the form-processing system within the visual pathway might be indicated by the more pronounced delay in the motion-onset VEPs and by their preserved size for radial motion (a biologically significant variant of motion) compared to the changes in pattern-reversal VEPs.
Role of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), in human and animal diseases.

We reviewed scientific literature pertaining to known and putative disease agents associated with the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum. Reports in the literature concerning the role of the lone star tick in the transmission of pathogens of human and animal diseases have sometimes been unclear and even contradictory. This overview has indicated that A. americanum is involved in the ecology of several disease agents of humans and other animals, and the role of this tick as a vector of these diseases ranges from incidental to significant. Probably the clearest relationship is that of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and A. americanum. Also, there is a definite association between A. americanum and tularemia, as well as between the lone star tick and Theileria cervi to white-tailed deer. Evidence of Babesia cervi (= odocoilei) being transmitted to deer by A. americanum is largely circumstantial at this time. The role of A. americanum in cases of southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI) is currently a subject of intensive investigations with important implications. The lone star tick has been historically reported to be a vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever rickettsiae, but current opinions are to the contrary. Evidence incriminated A. americanum as the vector of Bullis fever in the 1940s, but the disease apparently has disappeared. Q fever virus has been found in unfed A. americanum, but the vector potential, if any, is poorly understood at this time. Typhus fever and toxoplasmosis have been studied in the lone star tick, and several non-pathogenic organisms have been recovered. Implications of these tick-disease relationships are discussed.
A new fully automated approach for aligning and comparing shapes.

Three-dimensional geometric morphometric (3DGM) methods for placing landmarks on digitized bones have become increasingly sophisticated in the last 20 years, including greater degrees of automation. One aspect shared by all 3DGM methods is that the researcher must designate initial landmarks. Thus, researcher interpretations of homology and correspondence are required for and influence representations of shape. We present an algorithm allowing fully automatic placement of correspondence points on samples of 3D digital models representing bones of different individuals/species, which can then be input into standard 3DGM software and analyzed with dimension reduction techniques. We test this algorithm against several samples, primarily a dataset of 106 primate calcanei represented by 1,024 correspondence points per bone. Results of our automated analysis of these samples are compared to a published study using a traditional 3DGM approach with 27 landmarks on each bone. Data were analyzed with morphologika(2.5) and PAST. Our analyses returned strong correlations between principal component scores, similar variance partitioning among components, and similarities between the shape spaces generated by the automatic and traditional methods. While cluster analyses of both automatically generated and traditional datasets produced broadly similar patterns, there were also differences. Overall these results suggest to us that automatic quantifications can lead to shape spaces that are as meaningful as those based on observer landmarks, thereby presenting potential to save time in data collection, increase completeness of morphological quantification, eliminate observer error, and allow comparisons of shape diversity between different types of bones. We provide an R package for implementing this analysis.
Quantitative assessment of inferior oblique muscle overaction using photographs of the cardinal positions of gaze.

To report a novel method for measuring the degree of inferior oblique muscle overaction and to investigate the correlation with other factors.



Cross-sectional diagnostic study.



One hundred and forty-two eyes (120 patients) were enrolled in this study. Subjects underwent a full orthoptic examination and photographs were obtained in the cardinal positions of gaze. The images were processed using Photoshop and analyzed using the ImageJ program to measure the degree of inferior oblique muscle overaction. Reproducibility or interobserver variability was assessed by Bland-Altman plots and by calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The correlation between the degree of inferior oblique muscle overaction and the associated factors was estimated with linear regression analysis.



The mean angle of inferior oblique muscle overaction was 17.8 ± 10.1 degrees (range, 1.8-54.1 degrees). The 95% limit of agreement of interobserver variability for the degree of inferior oblique muscle overaction was ±1.76 degrees, and ICC was 0.98. The angle of inferior oblique muscle overaction showed significant correlation with the clinical grading scale (R = 0.549, P < .001) and with hypertropia in the adducted position (R = 0.300, P = .001). The mean angles of inferior oblique muscle overaction classified into grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 according to the clinical grading scale were 10.5 ± 9.1 degrees, 16.8 ± 7.8 degrees, 24.3 ± 8.8 degrees, and 40.0 ± 12.2 degrees, respectively (P < .001).



We describe a new method for measuring the degree of inferior oblique muscle overaction using photographs of the cardinal positions. It has the potential to be a diagnostic tool that measures inferior oblique muscle overaction with minimal observer dependency.
Planned complex suicide. An unusual suicide by hanging and gunshot.

We report a case of planned complex suicide (PCS) by a young man who had previously tried to commit suicide twice. He was found dead hanging by his neck, with a shot in his head. The investigation of the scene, the method employed, and previous attempts at suicide altogether pointed toward a suicidal etiology. The main difference between PCS and those cases defined in the medicolegal literature as combined suicides lies in the complex mechanism used by the victim as a protection against a failure in one of the mechanisms.
Business Intelligence Maturity in Australia

Effective Business Intelligence (BI) is essential for companies in today’s business environment. The benefits from the adoption and use of BI vary from company to company. It has been suggested that the level of BI success is associated with a company’s level of BI experience or maturity. Researchers have attempted to map the various BI practices to BI Maturity Models. This paper investigates the applicability of a BI maturity model to capture the BI practices of Australian companies. The research indicates that BI is well established in large Australian companies.
Automatic license plate recognition

Automatic license plate recognition (LPR) plays an important role in numerous applications and a number of techniques have been proposed. However, most of them worked under restricted conditions, such as fixed illumination, limited vehicle speed, designated routes, and stationary backgrounds. In this study, as few constraints as possible on the working environment are considered. The proposed LPR technique consists of two main modules: a license plate locating module and a license number identification module. The former characterized by fuzzy disciplines attempts to extract license plates from an input image, while the latter conceptualized in terms of neural subjects aims to identify the number present in a license plate. Experiments have been conducted for the respective modules. In the experiment on locating license plates, 1088 images taken from various scenes and under different conditions were employed. Of which, 23 images have been failed to locate the license plates present in the images; the license plate location rate of success is 97.9%. In the experiment on identifying license number, 1065 images, from which license plates have been successfully located, were used. Of which, 47 images have been failed to identify the numbers of the license plates located in the images; the identification rate of success is 95.6%. Combining the above two rates, the overall rate of success for our LPR algorithm is 93.7%.