nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
On Computing Minimal Correction Subsets

A set of constraints that cannot be simultaneously satisfied is over-constrained. Minimal relaxations and minimal explanations for over-constrained problems find many practical uses. For Boolean formulas, minimal relaxations of over-constrained problems are referred to as Minimal Correction Subsets (MCSes). MCSes find many applications, including the enumeration of MUSes. Existing approaches for computing MCSes either use a Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) solver or iterative calls to a Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) solver. This paper shows that existing algorithms for MCS computation can be inefficient, and so inadequate, in certain practical settings. To address this problem, this paper develops a number of novel techniques for improving the performance of existing MCS computation algorithms. More importantly, the paper proposes a novel algorithm for computing MCSes. Both the techniques and the algorithm are evaluated empirically on representative problem instances, and are shown to yield the most efficient and robust solutions for MCS computation.
DEVELOPMENT AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF SMART EGG INCUBATOR SYSTEM FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF EGG

This work is aimed at modeling, designing and developing an egg incubator system that is able to incubate various types of egg within the temperature range of 35 – 40 0 C. This system uses temperature and humidity sensors that can measure the condition of the incubator and automatically change to the suitable condition for the egg. Extreme variations in incubation temperature affect the embryo and ultimately, post hatch performance. In this work, electric bulbs were used to give the suitable temperature to the egg whereas water and controlling fan were used to ensure that humidity and ventilation were in good condition. LCD is used to display status condition of the incubator and an interface (Keypad) is provided to key in the appropriate temperature range for the egg. To ensure that all part of the eggs was heated by the lamp, DC motor was used to rotate iron rod at the bottom side and automatically change position of the egg. The entire element is controlled using AT89C52 Microcontroller. The temperature of the incubator is maintained at the normal temperature using PID controller implemented in microcontroller. Mathematical model of the incubator, actuator and PID controller were developed. Controller design based on the models was developed using Matlab Simulink. The models were validated through simulation and the Zeigler-Nichol tuning method was adopted as the tuning technique for varying the temperature control parameters of the PID controller in order to achieve a desirable transient response of the system when subjected to a unit step input. After several assumptions and simulations, a set of optimal parameters were obtained at the result of the third test that exhibited a commendable improvement in the overshoot, rise time, peak time and settling time thus improving the robustness and stability of the system.  Egg Incubator System, AT89C52 Microcontroller, PID Controller, Temperature Sensor.
VEHICLE CHOICE BEHAVIOR AND THE DECLINING MARKET SHARE OF

We develop a consumer-level model of vehicle choice to investigate the reasons behind the erosion of the U.S. automobile manufacturers’ market share during the past decade. Our model accounts for the influence of vehicle attributes, brand loyalty, product line characteristics, and dealerships on choice. We find that nearly all of the loss in market share for U.S. manufacturers can be explained by changes in the basic attributes of a vehicle: price, size, power, operating cost, and body type. During the past decade, U.S. manufacturers have improved their vehicles’ attributes but not as much as Japanese and European manufacturers have improved the attributes of their vehicles.
Comparison of direct blind deconvolution methods for motion-blurred images.

Direct methods for restoration of images blurred by motion are analyzed and compared. The term direct means that the considered methods are performed in a one-step fashion without any iterative technique. The blurring point-spread function is assumed to be unknown, and therefore the image restoration process is called blind deconvolution. What is believed to be a new direct method, here called the whitening method, was recently developed. This method and other existing direct methods such as the homomorphic and the cepstral techniques are studied and compared for a variety of motion types. Various criteria such as quality of restoration, sensitivity to noise, and computation requirements are considered. It appears that the recently developed method shows some improvements over other older methods. The research presented here clarifies the differences among the direct methods and offers an experimental basis for choosing which blind deconvolution method to use. In addition, some improvements on the methods are suggested.
Patent query reduction using pseudo relevance feedback

Queries in patent prior art search are full patent applications and much longer than standard ad hoc search and web search topics. Standard information retrieval (IR) techniques are not entirely effective for patent prior art search because of ambiguous terms in these massive queries. Reducing patent queries by extracting key terms has been shown to be ineffective mainly because it is not clear what the focus of the query is. An optimal query reduction algorithm must thus seek to retain the useful terms for retrieval favouring recall of relevant patents, but remove terms which impair IR effectiveness. We propose a new query reduction technique decomposing a patent application into constituent text segments and computing the Language Modeling (LM) similarities by calculating the probability of generating each segment from the top ranked documents. We reduce a patent query by removing the least similar segments from the query, hypothesising that removal of these segments can increase the precision of retrieval, while still retaining the useful context to achieve high recall. Experiments on the patent prior art search collection CLEF-IP 2010 show that the proposed method outperforms standard pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) and a naive method of query reduction based on removal of unit frequency terms (UFTs).
Tutorial 10 Kalman and Particle filters

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politécnica/COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Cid. Universitaria, Cx. Postal: 68503, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil, helcio@mecanica.ufrj.br, colaco@ufrj.br, wellingtonuff@yahoo.com.br, hmassardf@gmail.com Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 3462, Miami, Florida 33174, U.S.A., dulikrav@fiu.edu Department of Subsea Technology, Petrobras Research and Development Center – CENPES, Av. Horácio Macedo, 950, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, fvianna@petrobras.com.br Université de Toulouse ; Mines Albi ; CNRS; Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, F-81013 Albi cedex 09, France, olivier.fudym@enstimac.fr
All-optical packet/circuit switching-based data center network for enhanced scalability, latency, and throughput

Applications running inside data centers are enabled through the cooperation of thousands of servers arranged in racks and interconnected together through the data center network. Current DCN architectures based on electronic devices are neither scalable to face the massive growth of DCs, nor flexible enough to efficiently and cost-effectively support highly dynamic application traffic profiles. The FP7 European Project LIGHTNESS foresees extending the capabilities of today's electrical DCNs throPugh the introduction of optical packet switching and optical circuit switching paradigms, realizing together an advanced and highly scalable DCN architecture for ultra-high-bandwidth and low-latency server-to-server interconnection. This article reviews the current DC and high-performance computing (HPC) outlooks, followed by an analysis of the main requirements for future DCs and HPC platforms. As the key contribution of the article, the LIGHTNESS DCN solution is presented, deeply elaborating on the envisioned DCN data plane technologies, as well as on the unified SDN-enabled control plane architectural solution that will empower OPS and OCS transmission technologies with superior flexibility, manageability, and customizability.
A Practical Assessment of Social Engineering Vulnerabilities

Social engineering refers to the selection of techniques that exploit human weaknesses and manipulate people into breaking normal security procedures. This may involve convincing people to perform atypical actions or divulge confidential information. It remains a popular method of bypassing security because attacks focus on the weakest link in the security architecture: the staff of the organization, instead of directly targeting technical controls, such as firewalls or authentication systems. This paper investigates the level of susceptibility to social engineering amongst staff within a cooperating organisation. An email-based experiment was conducted, in which 152 staff members were sent a message asking them to follow a link and install a claimed software update. The message utilised a number of social engineering techniques, but was also designed to convey signs of a deception in order to alert security-aware users. In spite of a short window of operation for the experiment, the results revealed that 23% of recipients were successfully snared by the attack, suggesting that many users lack a baseline level of security awareness that is useful to protect them online.
CMOS continuous-time CMFB circuit with improved linearity

A continuous-time common-mode feedback (CMFB) network consisting of two unity-gain buffers and two passive resistors is introduced in this paper. According to the comparison with a previous implementation, the common-mode control structure presented shows an improved linearity performance as well as a higher immunity to device mismatches. The CMFB circuit has been included in the design of a fully differential voltage buffer, based on a fully differential difference amplifier. Simulated results, obtained in a 0.35-mum standard CMOS technology, are provided in order to show the performance of the proposed approach.
Ghrelin receptor regulates adipose tissue inflammation in aging

Aging is commonly associated with low-grade adipose inflammation, which is closely linked to insulin resistance. Ghrelin is the only circulating orexigenic hormone which is known to increase obesity and insulin resistance. We previously reported that the expression of the ghrelin receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), increases in adipose tissues during aging, and old Ghsr(-/-) mice exhibit a lean and insulin-sensitive phenotype. Macrophages are major mediators of adipose tissue inflammation, which consist of pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 subtypes. Here, we show that in aged mice, GHS-R ablation promotes macrophage phenotypical shift toward anti-inflammatory M2. Old Ghsrp(-/-) mice have reduced macrophage infiltration, M1/M2 ratio, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in white and brown adipose tissues. We also found that peritoneal macrophages of old Ghsrp(-/-) mice produce higher norepinephrine, which is in line with increased alternatively-activated M2 macrophages. Our data further reveal that GHS-R has cell-autonomous effects in macrophages, and GHS-R antagonist suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that ghrelin signaling has an important role in macrophage polarization and adipose tissue inflammation during aging. GHS-R antagonists may serve as a novel and effective therapeutic option for age-associated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance.
An interactive graph cut method for brain tumor segmentation

Tumor segmentation from MRI data is an important but time consuming task performed manually by medical experts. Automating this process is challenging due to the high diversity in appearance of tumor tissue among different patients and, in many cases, similarity between tumor and normal tissue. We propose a semi-automatic interactive brain tumor segmentation system that incorporates 2D interactive and 3D automatic tools with the ability to adjust operator control. The provided methods are based on an energy that incorporates region statistics computed on available MRI modalities and the usual regularization term. The energy is efficiently minimized on-line using graph cut. Experiments with radiation oncologists testing the semi-automatic tool vs. a manual tool show that the proposed system improves both segmentation time and repeatability.
DETECTING LASER SPOT IN SHOOTING SIMULATOR USING AN EMBEDDED CAMERA

This paper presents the application of an embedded camera system for detecting laser spot in the shooting simulator. The proposed shooting simulator uses a specific target box, where the circular pattern target is mounted. The embedded camera is installed inside the box to capture the circular pattern target and laser spot image. To localize the circular pattern automatically, two colored solid circles are painted on the target. This technique allows the simple and fast color tracking to track the colored objects for localizing the circular pattern. The CMUCam4 is employed as the embedded camera. It is able to localize the target and detect the laser spot in real-time at 30 fps. From the experimental results, the errors in calculating shooting score and detecting laser spot are 3.82% and 0.68% respectively. Further the proposed system provides the more accurate scoring system in real number compared to the conventional integer number.
Quality of Life and Psychiatric Morbidity in Caregiver of Alcohol Dependence Patients

Alcohol dependence affects not only patient but its deleterious effects are extended to family members. They are most vulnerable to have significant psychiatric disorders.  to investigate the quality of life and the frequency and nature of psychiatric morbidity in caregiver of patients with alcohol dependence.  The study was carried out at Psychiatry OPD, P.D.U. Medical College & Hospital, Rajkot. In this cross-sectional study, 110 patients between ages 18-65, having alcohol dependence as per diagnostic criteria of DSM V was studied. One caregiver of each patient was also studied. Leeds dependence questionnaire was administered in patients. GHQ and Q-LES-Q-SF Scales were administered in caregivers. The results were tabulated and analyzed using chi (χ2) square test and Mann Whitney U test. Correlation coefficient was measured between scores of all scales using Pearson’s formula.  Quality of life of was found to be significantly poor among caregivers of alcohol dependent patients. Out of 110 caregivers, 40(36%) caregivers had dysthymia, 24(22%) had major depression, 9(8%) had unspecified anxiety disorder and 5(4.5%) had generalized anxiety disorder.  The Study suggests need for sensitization of psychiatrists to evaluate and treat caregivers of alcohol dependent patients.
Acceptance of Internet-based learning medium: the role of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

This study is one of the few attempts to investigate students’ acceptance of an Internet-based learning medium (ILM). By integrating a motivational perspective into the technology acceptance model, our model captured both extrinsic (perceived usefulness and ease of use) and intrinsic (perceived enjoyment) motivators for explaining students’ intention to use the new learning medium. Data collected from 544 undergraduate students were examined through the LISREL VIII framework. The results showed that both perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment significantly and directly impacted their intention to use ILM. Surprisingly, perceive ease of use did not posit a significant impact on student attitude or intention towards ILM usage. Implications of this study are important for both researchers and practitioners.
Measuring the Quality of Open Source Software Ecosystems Using QuESo

Open source software has witnessed an exponential growth in the last two decades and it is playing an increasingly important role in many companies and organizations leading to the formation of open source software ecosystems. In this paper we present a quality model that will allow the evaluation of those ecosystems in terms of their relevant quality characteristics such as health or activeness. To design this quality model we started by analysing the quality measures found during the execution of a systematic literature review on open source software ecosystems and, then, we classified and reorganized the set of measures in order to build a solid quality model. Finally, we test the suitability of the constructed quality model using the GNOME ecosystem.
Quantitative Evaluation of Software Quality Metrics in Open-Source Projects

The validation of software quality metrics lacks statistical significance. One reason for this is that the data collection requires quite some effort. To help solve this problem, we develop tools for metrics analysis of a large number of software projects (146 projects with ca. 70.000 classes and interfaces and over 11 million lines of code). Moreover, validation of software quality metrics should focus on relevant metrics, i.e., correlated metrics need not to be validated independently. Based on our statistical basis, we identify correlation between several metrics from well-known object-oriented metrics suites. Besides, we present early results of typical metrics values and possible thresholds.
Archaeoastronomical Evidence for Wuism at the Hongshan Site of Niuheliang

The Neolithic Hongshan Culture flourished between 4500 and 3000 BCE in what is today northeastern China and Inner Mongolia . Village sites are found in the northern part of the region, while the two ceremonial sites of Dongshanzui and Niuheliang are located in the south, where villages are fewer (Guo 1995, Li 2003). The Hongshan inhabitants included agriculturalists who cultivated millet and pigs for subsistence, and accomplished artisans who carved finely crafted jades and made thin black-on-red pottery. Organized labor of a large number of workers is suggested by several impressive constructions, including an artificial hill containing three rings of marble-like stone, several high cairns with elaborate interiors and a 22 meter long building which contained fragments of life-sized statues. One fragment was a face with inset green jade eyes . A ranked society is implied by the burials, which include decorative jades made in specific, possibly iconographic, shapes. It has been argued previously that the sizes and locations of the mounded tombs imply at least three elite ranks (Nelson 1996).
[Wegener's granulomatosis presenting with ischaemic stroke].

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic disease of unknown origin characterized by necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis that involves primarily the upper and the lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys. A 44-year-old woman presenting with unusual neurological manifestation is reported. The patient with multiple pulmonary round shadows and hilar lymphadenopathy on the chest X-ray pictures, suffered from sudden hemiparesis episode. Computed tomography revealed ischemic stroke focus. A diagnosis of WG was confirmed by histological examination of specimen obtained during open lung biopsy. During the combination chemotherapy with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, neurological symptoms decreased and clinical condition significantly improved.
Classifying Relationships between Object-Oriented Design Pattern

Since the publication of the Design Patterns book, a large number of object-oriented design patterns have been identified and codified. As part of the pattern form, objectoriented design patterns must indicate their relationships with other patterns, but these relationships are typically described very briefly, and different collections of patterns describe different relationships in different ways. In this paper we describe and classify the common relationships between object oriented design patterns. Practitioners can use these relationships to help them identity those patterns which may be applicable to a particular problem, and pattern writers can use these relationships to help them integrate new patterns into the body of the patterns literature.
The Role of Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in Neuropathology and Neurodegeneration.

Aldehydes-induced toxicity has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. Exposure to reactive aldehydes from (1) alcohol and food metabolism; (2) environmental pollutants, including car, factory exhausts, smog, pesticides, herbicides; (3) metabolism of neurotransmitters, amino acids and (4) lipid peroxidation of biological membrane from excessive ROS, all contribute to 'aldehydic load' that has been linked to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the α, β-unsaturated aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), DOPAL (MAO product of dopamine), malondialdehyde, acrolein and acetaldehyde, all readily form chemical adductions with proteins, DNA and lipids, thus causing neurotoxicity. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH 2) is a major aldehyde metabolizing enzyme that protects against deleterious aldehyde buildup in brain, a tissue that has a particularly high mitochondrial content. In this review, we highlight the deleterious effects of increased aldehydic load in the neuropathology of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. We also discuss evidence for the association between ALDH2 deficiency, a common East Asianspecific mutation, and these neuropathologies. A novel class of small molecule aldehyde dehydrogenase activators (Aldas), represented by Alda-1, reduces neuronal cell death in models of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Together, these data suggest that reducing aldeydic load by enhancing the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenases, such as ALDH2, represents as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
Computer simulation of human leukocyte antigen genes supports two main routes of colonization by human populations in East Asia

Recent genetic studies have suggested that the colonization of East Asia by modern humans was more complex than a single origin from the South, and that a genetic contribution via a Northern route was probably quite substantial. Here we use a spatially-explicit computer simulation approach to investigate the human migration hypotheses of this region based on one-route or two-route models. We test the likelihood of each scenario by using Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) − A, −B, and − DRB1 genetic data of East Asian populations, with both selective and demographic parameters considered. The posterior distribution of each parameter is estimated by an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approach. Our results strongly support a model with two main routes of colonization of East Asia on both sides of the Himalayas, with distinct demographic histories in Northern and Southern populations, characterized by more isolation in the South. In East Asia, gene flow between populations originating from the two routes probably existed until a remote prehistoric period, explaining the continuous pattern of genetic variation currently observed along the latitude. A significant although dissimilar level of balancing selection acting on the three HLA loci is detected, but its effect on the local genetic patterns appears to be minor compared to those of past demographic events.