nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Distributed Data Processing Perspective on Industrial Real-Time Systems

The current generation of manufacturing systems relies on monolithic control software which provides real-time guarantees but is hard to adapt and reuse. These qualities are becoming increasingly important for meeting the demands of a global economy. Ongoing research and industrial efforts therefore focus on service-oriented architectures (SOA) to increase the control software’s flexibility while reducing development time, effort and cost. With such encapsulated functionality, system behavior can be expressed in terms of operations on data and the flow of data between operators. In this thesis we consider industrial real-time systems from the perspective of distributed data processing systems. Data processing systems often must be highly flexible, which can be achieved by a declarative specification of system behavior. In such systems, a user expresses the properties of an acceptable solution while the system determines a suitable execution plan that meets these requirements. Applied to the real-time control domain, this means that the user defines an abstract workflow model with global timing constraints from which the system derives an execution plan that takes the underlying system environment into account. The generation of a suitable execution plan often is NP-hard and many data processing systems rely on heuristic solutions to quickly generate high quality plans. We utilize heuristics for finding real-time execution plans. Our evaluation shows that heuristics were successful in finding a feasible execution plan in 99% of the examined test cases. Lastly, data processing systems are engineered for an efficient exchange of data and therefore are usually built around a direct data flow between the operators without a mediating entity in between. Applied to SOA-based automation, the same principle is realized through service choreographies with direct communication between the individual services instead of employing a service orchestrator which manages the invocation of all services participating in a workflow. These three principles outline the main contributions of this thesis: A flexible reconfiguration of SOA-based manufacturing systems with verifiable real-time guarantees, fast heuristics based planning, and a peer-to-peer execution model for SOAs with clear semantics. We demonstrate these principles within a demonstrator that is close to a real-world industrial system.
Dermoscopic characterization of cutaneous lymphomas: a pilot survey.

While substantial dermoscopic analysis of melanocytic lesions has been performed, dermoscopic characterization of cutaneous lymphoid proliferations has been limited. Cutaneous lymphoma, particularly early mycosis fungoides (MF) and its variants, is often challenging to clinically and pathologically distinguish from inflammatory processes of the skin. This study aimed to survey the dermoscopic findings of cutaneous lymphomas and to discern whether any patterns might potentially serve as specific signatures.



Fifteen patients with an established diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma were prospectively recruited and seen in the university multidisciplinary cutaneous lymphoma program with MF, an MF- variant, CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorder, or cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and were included in our study. Dermoscopic findings, histologic features, clinical characteristics, and demographic data were analyzed.



Patch stage MF was characterized by interconnected white structureless patches encircling small fine linear vessels, yielding an overall trabeculated to fenestrated pattern under dermoscopy. Corresponding histopathologic findings for these patterns included epidermotropism, atypical pleomorphic cells, and lichenoid infiltrates. Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) was characterized by folliculocentric erosions surrounded by dotted and fine linear vessels, loss of terminal follicles, comedo-like openings, and interconnected regular-appearing structureless patches. Corresponding histopathologic findings in these FMF cases were typical of FMF. Notably, these changes were not appreciated in lymphomatoid papulosis. Primary cutaneous follicle center B cell lymphoma showed crystalline structures and vascular pseudopods.



Cutaneous lymphomas appear to demonstrate characteristic dermoscopic patterns, reflective of the specific lymphoma type and its corresponding histopathology, which have not been seen in inflammatory skin conditions, such as psoriasis and eczematous dermatitis.
1 The Cryptographic Hash Function RIPEMD-160

RIPEMD-160 is a fast cryptographic hash function that is tuned towards software implementations on 32-bit architectures. It has evolved from the 256-bit extension of MD4, which was introduced in 1990 by Ron Rivest [20, 21]. Its main design feature are two different and independent parallel chains, the result of which are combined at the end of every application of the compression function. As suggested by its name, RIPEMD-160 offers a 160-bit result. It is intended to provide a high security level for the next 10 years or more. RIPEMD-128 is a faster variant of RIPEMD-160, which provides a 128-bit result. Together with SHA-1, RIPEMD-160 and RIPEMD-128 have been included in the International Standard ISO/IEC 10118-3, the publication of which is expected for late 1997 . The goal of this article is to motivate the existence of RIPEMD160, to explain the main design features and to provide a concise description of the algorithm.
Wideband Spurious-Free Lithium Niobate RF-MEMS Filters

This paper reports on the demonstration of wideband spurious-free radio frequency micromechanical systems filters based on one-port shear horizontal (SH0) mode lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) laterally vibrating resonators (LVRs). The fabricated filter has been demonstrated with an unprecedented spectral range of spurious-free response (290% of the center frequency), a low insertion loss of 2.1 dB, an excellent 30-dB shape factor of 1.48, and a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 8.9%. The spurious free response is achieved by optimizing the building blocks of the filters, namely the LVRs, and employing a spurious mitigation design based on arraying single resonators with only two electrodes. The low loss and excellent shape factor are enabled by the demonstrated high electromechanical coupling (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathit {k}_{t}^{2}=16.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%), high quality factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q} =1093$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and high figure of merit (FoM = 154) of the fabricated resonator arrays.
Cloud Computing: State of the Art and Security Issues

Cloud Computing is the fastest growing technology in the IT industry. It helps in providing services and resources with the help of internet. Resources are always provided by the Cloud Service Provider. Resources may be servers, storage, applications and networks.  Resources in the cloud environment can be helpful in saving infrastructure cost and time for the user. Transferring the entire information of the enterprise onto the cloud contains lots of security issues and threats. This paper focuses on the various concepts related to cloud computing, its various business and service models and its entities along with several issues and challenges related to it.
Learning Recurrent Binary/Ternary Weights

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have shown excellent performance in processing sequence data. However, they are both complex and memory intensive due to their recursive nature. These limitations make RNNs difficult to embed on mobile devices requiring real-time processes with limited hardware resources. To address the above issues, we introduce a method that can learn binary and ternary weights during the training phase to facilitate hardware implementations of RNNs. As a result, using this approach replaces all multiply-accumulate operations by simple accumulations, bringing significant benefits to custom hardware in terms of silicon area and power consumption. On the software side, we evaluate the performance (in terms of accuracy) of our method using long short-term memories (LSTMs) on various sequential models including sequence classification and language modeling. We demonstrate that our method achieves competitive results on the aforementioned tasks while using binary/ternary weights during the runtime. On the hardware side, we present custom hardware for accelerating the recurrent computations of LSTMs with binary/ternary weights. Ultimately, we show that LSTMs with binary/ternary weights can achieve up to 12× memory saving and 10× inference speedup compared to the full-precision implementation on an ASIC platform.
Human modeling for human-robot collaboration

Teamwork is best achieved when members of the team understand one another. Human-robot collaboration poses a particular challenge to this goal due to the differences between individual team members, both mentally/computationally and physically. One way in which this challenge can be addressed is by developing explicit models of human teammates. Here, we discuss, compare and contrast the many techniques available for modeling human cognition and behavior, and evaluate their benefits and drawbacks in the context of human-robot collaboration.
Fetal spinal anomalies in a first-trimester sonographic screening program for aneuploidy.

To review the sonographic features of spinal anomalies in first-trimester fetuses presenting for screening for chromosomal abnormalities.



Fetuses with a spinal abnormality diagnosed prenatally or postnatally that underwent first-trimester sonographic evaluation at our institution had their clinical information retrieved and their sonograms reviewed.



A total of 21 fetuses complied with the entry criteria including eight with body stalk anomaly, seven with spina bifida, two with Vertebral, Anal, Cardiac, Tracheal, Esophageal, Renal, and Limb (VACTERL) association, and one case each of isolated kyphoscoliosis, tethered cord, iniencephaly, and sacrococcygeal teratoma. One fetus with body stalk anomaly and another with VACTERL association also had a myelomeningocele, making a total of nine cases of spina bifida in our series. Five of the nine (56%) cases with spina bifida, one of the two cases with VACTERL association, and the cases with tethered cord and sacrococcygeal teratoma were undiagnosed in the first trimester. Although increased nuchal translucency was found in seven (33%) cases, chromosomal analysis revealed only one case of aneuploidy in this series.



Fetal spinal abnormalities diagnosed in the first trimester are usually severe and frequently associated with other major defects. The diagnosis of small defects is difficult and a second-trimester scan is still necessary to detect most cases of spina bifida.
Addressing ambiguity in multi-target tracking by hierarchical strategy

This paper presents a novel hierarchical approach for the simultaneous tracking of multiple targets in a video. We use a network flow approach to link detections in low-level and tracklets in high-level. At each step of the hierarchy, the confidence of candidates is measured by using a new scoring system, ConfRank, that considers the quality and the quantity of its neighborhood. The output of the first stage is a collection of safe tracklets and unlinked high-confidence detections. For each individual detection, we determine if it belongs to an existing or is a new tracklet. We show the effect of our framework to recover missed detections and reduce switch identity. The proposed tracker is referred to as TVOD for multi-target tracking using the visual tracker and generic object detector. We achieve competitive results with lower identity switches on several datasets comparing to state-of-the-art.
Compact Folding of Thick Origami via Stacking

Recent techniques enable folding planer sheets to create complex 3D shapes, however, even a small 3D shape can have large 2D unfoldings. The huge dimension of the flattened structure makes fabrication difficult. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for folding a single thick strip into two target shapes: folded 3D shape and stacked shape. The folded shape is an approximation of a complex 3D shape provided by the user. The provided 3D shape may be too large to be fabricated (e.g. 3D-printed) due to limited workspace. Meanwhile, the stacked shape could be the compactest form of the 3D shape which makes its fabrication possible. The compactness of the stacked state also makes packing and transportation easier. The key technical contribution of this work is an efficient method for finding strips for quadrilateral meshes without refinement. We demonstrate our results using both simulation and fabricated models.
Wi-Fi Coordinated WiGig Concurrent Transmissions in Random Access Scenarios

About 60-GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) unlicensed frequency band is considered as a key enabler for future multi-Gbps WLANs. IEEE 802.11ad (WiGig) standard has been ratified for 60-GHz wireless local area networks (WLANs) by only considering the use case of peer to peer (P2P) communication coordinated by a single WiGig access point (AP). However, due to 60-GHz fragile channel, multiple number of WiGig APs should be installed to fully cover a typical target environment. Nevertheless, the exhaustive search beamforming training and the maximum received power-based autonomous users association prevent WiGig APs from establishing optimal WiGig concurrent links using random access. In this paper, we formulate the problem of WiGig concurrent transmissions in random access scenarios as an optimization problem, and then we propose a greedy scheme based on (2.4/5 GHz) Wi-Fi/(60 GHz) WiGig coordination to find out a suboptimal solution for it. In the proposed WLAN, the wide coverage Wi-Fi band is used to provide the control signalling required for launching the high date rate WiGig concurrent links. Besides, statistical learning using Wi-Fi fingerprinting is utilized to estimate the suboptimal candidate AP along with its suboptimal beam direction for establishing the WiGig concurrent link without causing interference to the existing WiGig data links while maximizing the total system throughput. Numerical analysis confirms the high impact of the proposed Wi-Fi/WiGig coordinated WLAN.
A review of tricaine methanesulfonate for anesthesia of fish

Tricaine methanesulfonate (TMS) is an anesthetic that is approved for provisional use in some jurisdictions such as the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom (UK). Many hatcheries and research studies use TMS to immobilize fish for marking or transport and to suppress sensory systems during invasive procedures. Improper TMS use can decrease fish viability, distort physiological data, or result in mortalities. Because animals may be anesthetized by junior staff or students who may have little experience in fish anesthesia, training in the proper use of TMS may decrease variability in recovery, experimental results and increase fish survival. This document acts as a primer on the use of TMS for anesthetizing juvenile salmonids, with an emphasis on its use in surgical applications. Within, we briefly describe many aspects of TMS including the legal uses for TMS, and what is currently known about the proper storage and preparation of the anesthetic. We outline methods and precautions for administration and changes in fish behavior during progressively deeper anesthesia and discuss the physiological effects of TMS and its potential for compromising fish health. Despite the challenges of working with TMS, it is currently one of the few legal options available in the USA and in other countries until other anesthetics are approved and is an important tool for the intracoelomic implantation of electronic tags in fish.
A Rehabilitation Protocol for Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease Treated with Posterior Transpedicular Dynamic Stabilization.

To evaluate the efficacy of the rehabilitation protocol on patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease after posterior transpedicular dynamic stabilization (PTDS) surgery.



Patients (n=50) with single level lumbar degenerative disc disease were recruited for this study. Patients had PTDS surgery with hinged screws. A rehabilitation program was applied for all patients. Phase 1 was the preoperative evaluation phase. Phase 2 (active rest phase) was the first 6 weeks after surgery. During phase 3 (minimal movement phase, 6-12 weeks) pelvic tilt exercises initiated. In phase 4 (dynamic phase, 3-6 months) dynamic lumbar stabilization exercises were started. Phase 5 (return to sports phase) began after the 6th month. The primary outcome criteria were the Visual Analogue Pain Score (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Patients were evaluated preoperatively, postoperative 3rd, 12th and 24th months.



The mean preoperative VAS and ODI scores were 7.52±0.97 and 60.96±8.74, respectively. During the 3rd month, VAS and ODI scores decreased to 2.62±1.05 and 26.2±7.93, respectively. VAS and ODI scores continued to decrease during the 12th month after surgery to 1.4±0.81 and 13.72±6.68, respectively. At the last follow-up (mean 34.1 months) the VAS and ODI scores were found to be 0.68±0.62 and 7.88±3.32, respectively. (p=0.0001).



The protocol was designed for a postoperative rehabilitation program after PTDS surgery for patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease. The good outcomes are the result of a combination of very careful and restrictive patient selection, surgical technique, and the presented rehabilitation program.
A Survey on Requirements and Design Methods for Secure Software Development

State Machine Language (AsmL) AsmL is an extended finite state machine-based executable software specification language which has also been used to specify attack scenarios [41]. The authors argue that due to the extended finite state machine-based nature of AsmL, attacks with multiple steps can be specified in AsmL. Such attack scenarios can be automatically translated into Snort rules which can then be used with an extension of the IDS Snort [41]. Such attack scenarios are able to capture more attacks with multiple steps using context information. Snort rules, the standard input for Snort, cannot represent attacks with multiple steps.
Microcontroller Based Heart Rate Monitor

This project is designed to measure heart beat (pulse count), by using embedded technology. In this project simultaneously it can measure and monitor the patient’s condition. This project describes the design of a simple, low-cost controller based wireless patient monitoring system. Heart rate of the patient is measured from the thumb finger using IRD (Infra Red Device sensor).Pulse counting sensor is arranged to check whether the heart rate is normal or not. So that a SMS is sent to the mobile number using GSM module interfaced to the controller in case of abnormal condition. A buzzer alert is also given. The heart rate can be measured by monitoring one's pulse using specialized medical devices such as an electrocardiograph (ECG), portable device e.g. The patient heart beat monitoring systems is one of the major wrist strap watch, or any other commercial heart rate monitors which normally consisting of a chest strap with electrodes. Despite of its accuracy, somehow it is costly, involve many clinical settings and patient must be attended by medical experts for continuous monitoring.
The legal, social and ethical controversy of the collection and storage of fingerprint profiles and DNA samples in forensic science

The collection and storage of fingerprint profiles and DNA samples in the field of forensic science for nonviolent crimes is highly controversial. While biometric techniques such as fingerprinting have been used in law enforcement since the early 1900s, DNA presents a more invasive and contentious technique as most sampling is of an intimate nature (e.g. buccal swab). A fingerprint is a pattern residing on the surface of the skin while a DNA sample needs to be extracted in the vast majority of cases (e.g. at times extraction even implying the breaking of the skin). This paper aims to balance the need to collect DNA samples where direct evidence is lacking in violent crimes, versus the systematic collection of DNA from citizens who have committed acts such as petty crimes. The legal, ethical and social issues surrounding the proliferation of DNA collection and storage are explored, with a view to outlining the threats that such a regime may pose to citizens in the not-to-distant future, especially persons belonging to ethnic minority groups.
Bitonic Sorting Algorithm: A Review

The Batcher`s bitonic sorting algorithm is a parallel sorting algorithm, which is used for sorting the numbers in modern parallel machines. There are various parallel sorting algorithms such as radix sort, bitonic sort, etc. It is one of the efficient parallel sorting algorithm because of load balancing property. It is widely used in various scientific and engineering applications. However, Various researches have worked on a bitonic sorting algorithm in order to improve up the performance of original batcher`s bitonic sorting algorithm. In this paper, tried to review the contribution made by these researchers.
An Innovative Approach to the Development of an International Software Process Lifecycle Standard for Very Small Entities

For very small software development companies, the quality of their software products is a key to competitive advantage. However, the usage of Software Engineering standards is extremely low amongst such very small software companies. A primary reason cited by many such companies for this lack of quality standards adoption is the perception that they have been developed for large multi-national software companies and not with small and very small organizations in mind and are therefore not suitable for their specific needs. This paper describes an innovative systematic approach to the development of the software process lifecycle standard for very small entities ISO/IEC 29110, following the Rogers model of the Innovation-Development process. The ISO/IEC 29110 standard is unique amongst software and systems engineering standards, in that the working group mandated to develop a new standard approached industry to conduct a needs assessment and gather actual requirements for a new standard as part of the standards development process. This paper presents a unique insight from the perspective of some of the standards authors on the development of the ISO/IEC 29110 standard, including the rationale behind its development and the innovative design of implementation guides to assist very small companies in adopting the standards, as well outlining a pilot project scheme for usage in early trials of this standard.
Maximizing rectal cancer results: TEM and TATA techniques to expand sphincter preservation.

Rectal cancer management benefits from a multidisciplinary approach involving medical and radiation oncology as well as surgery. Presented are the current dominant issues in rectal cancer management with an emphasis on our treatment algorithm at the Lankenau Medical Center. By basing surgical decisions on the downstaged rectal cancer we explore how sphincter preservation can be extended even for cancers of the distal 3 cm of the rectum. TATA and TEM techniques can be used to effectively treat cancer from an oncologic standpoint while maintaining a high quality of life through sphincter preservation and avoidance of a permanent colostomy. We review the results of our efforts, including the use of advanced laparoscopy in the surgical management of low rectal cancers.