nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of machine-type communications on energy and delay performance of random access channel in LTE-advanced

Machine-type communications (MTC) are a rapidly growing technology, which is expected to generate significant revenues to mobile network operators. In particular, smart grid is predicted to become one of the key MTC use cases that involves unattended meters autonomously reporting information to a grid infrastructure. With this research, we consider a typical smart metering MTC application scenario in the context of 3GPP LTE-advanced wireless cellular system featuring a large number of devices connecting to the network near-simultaneously. The resulting overload of the random access channel requires a novel evaluation methodology based on comprehensive analysis and simulations. In this paper, we target to complement a validated evaluation framework fully compatible with the 3GPP test cases with a thorough analysis of random access channel performance in overloaded MTC scenarios. We also look at the regular MTC operation, when the devices are sending their data after initial network entry has been performed. By including energy consumption into our methodology together with the conventional performance metrics, we aim at providing a complete and unified insight into MTC device operation, including its energy efficiency. Correspondence M. Gerasimenko, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 1, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland. E-mail: mikhail.gerasimenko@tut.fi Received 12 October 2012; Revised 19 December 2012;  January 2013
Analysis on Center-Tap Rectifier Voltage Oscillation of LLC Resonant Converter

The LLC resonant converter employing a center-tap rectifier can suffer from a high voltage oscillation across rectifier diodes owing to a leakage inductance of a transformer secondary. The amplitude of this voltage oscillation is varied according to design parameters, parasitic components, and operation regions, i.e., below-resonant region and above-resonant region. To reduce the diode voltage stress, this paper analyzes the voltage oscillation mechanism and presents the design consideration.
The microbiota-gut-brain axis in obesity.

Changes in microbial diversity and composition are increasingly associated with several disease states including obesity and behavioural disorders. Obesity-associated microbiota alter host energy harvesting, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fat deposition. Additionally, intestinal microbiota can regulate metabolism, adiposity, homoeostasis, and energy balance as well as central appetite and food reward signalling, which together have crucial roles in obesity. Moreover, some strains of bacteria and their metabolites might target the brain directly via vagal stimulation or indirectly through immune-neuroendocrine mechanisms. Therefore, the gut microbiota is becoming a target for new anti-obesity therapies. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the intricate gut-microbiota-host relationship and the potential of gut-microbiota-targeted strategies, such as dietary interventions and faecal microbiota transplantation, as promising metabolic therapies that help patients to maintain a healthy weight throughout life.
Periungual pilonidal sinus.

and fibrils along a greater length of tendon would follow, converting the new fibrils bridging the repair site into fibers and bundles. The discrete mass of collagen needed to completely heal a transected tendon would be quite small relative to the total collagen mass of the tendon; this is consistent with previous findings (Goldfarb et al., 2001). The tendon could be the sole source of this existing collagen with little effect on its overall strength once the remodelling process was complete, decreasing the need for new collagen synthesis. Postoperative ruptures at or adjacent to the healing site, the hand surgeon’s feared yet poorly understood complication of flexor tendon repair, may be explained by the inherent weakness caused by the recycling process itself. Biochemical modifications at the time of repair may evolve through an improved understanding of the seemingly paradoxical role of collagen fibril segment recycling in temporarily weakening healing tendon so that it may be strengthened. The principal author wishes to thank H.P. Ehrlich, PhD, Hershey, P.A. and M.R. Forough, PhD, Seattle, WA, for their comments and insight, and the late H. Sittertz-Bhatkar, PhD, for the images herein.
Harmonia axyridis: an environmental risk assessment for Northwest Europe

In this paper, we summarize the international situation with respect to environmental risk assessment for biological control agents. Next, we apply a recently designed, comprehensive risk evaluation method consisting of a stepwise procedure to evaluate the environmental risks of Harmonia axyridis in Northwest Europe. This resulted in the very clear conclusion that H. axyridis is a potentially risky species for Northwest Europe, because it is able to establish, it has a very wide host range including species from other insect orders and even beyond the class of Insecta, it may feed on plant materials, it can cover large distances (>50 km per year), it does move into non-target areas, it may attack many non-target species including beneficial insects and insects of conservation concern, its activities have resulted in the reduction of populations of native predators in North America, it is known as a nuisance in North America and recently also in Northwest Europe, and it may develop as a pest of fruit in North America. Considering the H. axyridis case, current knowledge would lead to the conclusion that, although the predator is capable to effectively control several pest species, its risks are manifold and it should, thus, not have been released in Northwest Europe. At the time of the first releases in Nortwest Europe in 1995, the available scientific literature made clear that H. axyridis is a large sized polyphagous predator and has a great reproductive capacity in comparison with other ladybird beetles, and that there was a need to study non-target effects because of its polyphagous behaviour. In retrospect, this information should have been sufficient to reject import and release of this species, but it was apparently ignored by those who considered release of this predator in Northwest Europe. The case of Harmonia releases in Northwest Europe underlines that there is an urgent need for harmonized, world-wide regulation of biological control agents, including an information system on risky natural enemy species.
DupLESS: Server-Aided Encryption for Deduplicated Storage

Cloud storage service providers such as Dropbox, Mozy, and others perform deduplication to save space by only storing one copy of each file uploaded. Should clients conventionally encrypt their files, however, savings are lost. Message-locked encryption (the most prominent manifestation of which is convergent encryption) resolves this tension. However it is inherently subject to brute-force attacks that can recover files falling into a known set. We propose an architecture that provides secure deduplicated storage resisting brute-force attacks, and realize it in a system called DupLESS. In DupLESS, clients encrypt under message-based keys obtained from a key-server via an oblivious PRF protocol. It enables clients to store encrypted data with an existing service, have the service perform deduplication on their behalf, and yet achieves strong confidentiality guarantees. We show that encryption for deduplicated storage can achieve performance and space savings close to that of using the storage service with plaintext data.
Two-stage dynamic signal detection: a theory of choice, decision time, and confidence.

The 3 most often-used performance measures in the cognitive and decision sciences are choice, response or decision time, and confidence. We develop a random walk/diffusion theory-2-stage dynamic signal detection (2DSD) theory-that accounts for all 3 measures using a common underlying process. The model uses a drift diffusion process to account for choice and decision time. To estimate confidence, we assume that evidence continues to accumulate after the choice. Judges then interrupt the process to categorize the accumulated evidence into a confidence rating. The model explains all known interrelationships between the 3 indices of performance. Furthermore, the model also accounts for the distributions of each variable in both a perceptual and general knowledge task. The dynamic nature of the model also reveals the moderating effects of time pressure on the accuracy of choice and confidence. Finally, the model specifies the optimal solution for giving the fastest choice and confidence rating for a given level of choice and confidence accuracy. Judges are found to act in a manner consistent with the optimal solution when making confidence judgments.
Approximate dynamic programming modeling for a typical blood platelet bank

In this paper, we have devised a real-time, workable model for solving the practical problems associated with responsible blood platelet inventory. These problems include how to eciently dispense, organize, store, and order platelets that become unusable after 6 days. Stochastic demand and supply, as well as deterministic lead times, are congured into their model. Any shortages or outdates of the 8 major blood types are penalized in this proposal, with revenuw in conjunction with a further emphasis on the age of platelets will maximize ecency as well. A combined model of linear programing and approximate dynamic programming (ADP) was deployed while constructing their practical model. In an environment which emphasizes the need for realtime judgements, this new policy, as advanced here, will lead to substantial shortage, outdate, and cost reductions of these time-stamped platelets. The experimental application of this model produced shortages in the range of apporximately 4.7% with outdates at 5.5%, a vast improvement over existing methods. An ADP approach was found to be practical during this research, and additionally the model showed much promise with respect to enhancing a reward system that simultaneously decreases shortages and the number of expired platelets.
Generating E cient Mutation Operators for Search-Based Model-Driven Engineering

Software engineers are frequently faced with tasks that can be expressed as optimization problems. To support them with automation, search-based model-driven engineering combines the abstraction power of models with the versatility of meta-heuristic search algorithms. While current approaches in this area use genetic algorithms with xed mutation operators to explore the solution space, the e ciency of these operators may heavily depend on the problem at hand. In this work, we propose FitnessStudio, a technique for generating e cient problem-tailored mutation operators automatically based on a two-tier framework. The lower tier is a regular meta-heuristic search whose mutation operator is trained by an upper-tier search using a higher-order model transformation. We implemented this framework using the Henshin transformation language and evaluated it in a benchmark case, where the generated mutation operators enabled an improvement to the state of the art in terms of result quality, without sacri cing performance.
Deep learning for sentiment analysis

Lang Linguist Compass 2016; 10: 701–719 wileyo Abstract Research and industry are becoming more and more interested in finding automatically the polarised opinion of the general public regarding a specific subject. The advent of social networks has opened the possibility of having access to massive blogs, recommendations, and reviews. The challenge is to extract the polarity from these data, which is a task of opinion mining or sentiment analysis. The specific difficulties inherent in this task include issues related to subjective interpretation and linguistic phenomena that affect the polarity of words. Recently, deep learning has become a popular method of addressing this task. However, different approaches have been proposed in the literature. This article provides an overview of deep learning for sentiment analysis in order to place these approaches in context.
Conflict in collaborative software development

Pair Programming is an innovative collaborative software development methodology. Anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that this agile development method produces better quality software in reduced time with higher levels of developer satisfaction. To date, little explanation has been offered as to why these improved performance outcomes occur. In this qualitative study, we focus on how individual differences, and specifically task conflict, impact results of the collaborative software development process and related outcomes. We illustrate that low to moderate levels of task conflict actually enhance performance, while high levels mitigate otherwise anticipated positive results.
Performance of ROCOF protection in PV system

Due to deregulation and the use of renewable power, especially solar power, the proportion of PV system is rapidly increasing and most of them are connected to distribution networks to supply power to the grid as well as local loads. There are many power quality issues to be considered with PV systems and one of the main issues is islanding. It is important to estimate and detect an islanding situation quickly and accurately as it can lead to serious plant damage if the grid is suddenly reconnected. This paper investigates the characteristics of ROCOF relays which affect the operation responses and analyze the ROCOF performance for PV systems islanding detection. The equivalent impedance value V2/P is introduced as an interlock function to cooperate with ROCOF relays to avoid false operation during the non-islanding situation. It is shown that it can block nuisance tripping signals quickly and accurately. The range of effectiveness is established for the small power imbalances where there is a small potentially non-detection zone due to the overlap range of the impedance value.
Prebiotic digestion and fermentation.

Prebiotics, as currently conceived of, are all carbohydrates of relatively short chain length. To be effective they must reach the cecum. Present evidence concerning the 2 most studied prebiotics, fructooligosaccharides and inulin, is consistent with their resisting digestion by gastric acid and pancreatic enzymes in vivo. However, the wide variety of new candidate prebiotics becoming available for human use requires that a manageable set of in vitro tests be agreed on so that their nondigestibility and fermentability can be established without recourse to human studies in every case. In the large intestine, prebiotics, in addition to their selective effects on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, influence many aspects of bowel function through fermentation. Short-chain fatty acids are a major product of prebiotic breakdown, but as yet, no characteristic pattern of fermentation acids has been identified. Through stimulation of bacterial growth and fermentation, prebiotics affect bowel habit and are mildly laxative. Perhaps more importantly, some are a potent source of hydrogen in the gut. Mild flatulence is frequently observed by subjects being fed prebiotics; in a significant number of subjects it is severe enough to be unacceptable and to discourage consumption. Prebiotics are like other carbohydrates that reach the cecum, such as nonstarch polysaccharides, sugar alcohols, and resistant starch, in being substrates for fermentation. They are, however, distinctive in their selective effect on the microflora and their propensity to produce flatulence.
Synthetic Image Generation with a Lens and Aperture Camera Model

This paper extends the traditional pinhole camera projection geometry used in computer graphics to a more realistic camera model which approximates the effects of a lens and an aperture function of an actual camera. This model allows the generation of synthetic images which have a depth of field and can be focused on an arbitrary plane; it also permits selective modeling of certain optical characteristics of a lens. The model can be expanded to include motion blur and special-effect filters. These capabilities provide additional tools for highlighting important areas of a scene and for portraying certain physical characteristics of an object in an image.
The correlation between cluster hypothesis tests and the effectiveness of cluster-based retrieval

We present a study of the correlation between the extent to which the cluster hypothesis holds, as measured by various tests, and the relative effectiveness of cluster-based retrieval with respect to document-based retrieval. We show that the correlation can be affected by several factors, such as the size of the result list of the most highly ranked documents that is analyzed. We further show that some cluster hypothesis tests are often negatively correlated with one another. Moreover, in several settings, some of the tests are also negatively correlated with the relative effectiveness of cluster-based retrieval.
Arm motor recovery using a virtual reality intervention in chronic stroke: randomized control trial.

Despite interest in virtual environments (VEs) for poststroke arm motor rehabilitation, advantages over physical environment (PE) training have not been established.



The authors compared kinematic and clinical outcomes of dose-matched upper-limb training between a 3D VE and a PE in chronic stroke.



Participants (n = 32) were randomized to a 3D VE or PE for training. They pointed to 6 workspace targets (72 trials, 12 trials/target, randomized) for 12 sessions over 4 weeks with similar feedback on precision, movement speed, and trunk displacement. Primary (kinematics, clinical arm motor impairment) and secondary (activity level, arm use) outcomes were compared by time (PRE, POST, and follow-up, RET), training environment, and impairment severity (mild, moderate-to-severe) using mixed-model analyses of variance (ANOVAs).



Endpoint speed, overall performance on a reach-to-grasp task, and activity levels increased in both groups. Only participants in the VE group improved shoulder horizontal adduction at POST (9.5°) and flexion at both POST (6.3°) and RET (13°). Impairment level affected outcomes. After VE training, the mild group increased elbow extension (RET, 25.5°). The moderate-to-severe group in VE increased arm use at POST (0.5 points) and reaching ability at RET (2.2 points). The moderate-to-severe group training in PE increased reaching ability earlier (POST, 1.7 points) and both elbow extension (10.7°) and arm use (0.4 points) at RET, but these changes were accompanied by increased compensatory trunk displacement (RET, 30.2 mm).



VE training led to more changes in the mild group and a motor recovery pattern in the moderate-to-severe group indicative of less compensation, possibly because of a better use of feedback.
Hydroxyl radical induced degradation of ibuprofen.

Pulse radiolysis experiments were used to characterize the intermediates formed from ibuprofen during electron beam irradiation in a solution of 0.1mmoldm(-3). For end product characterization (60)Co γ-irradiation was used and the samples were evaluated either by taking their UV-vis spectra or by HPLC with UV or MS detection. The reactions of OH resulted in hydroxycyclohexadienyl type radical intermediates. The intermediates produced in further reactions hydroxylated the derivatives of ibuprofen as final products. The hydrated electron attacked the carboxyl group. Ibuprofen degradation is more efficient under oxidative conditions than under reductive conditions. The ecotoxicity of the solution was monitored by Daphnia magna standard microbiotest and Vibrio fischeri luminescent bacteria test. The toxic effect of the aerated ibuprofen solution first increased upon irradiation indicating a higher toxicity of the first degradation products, then decreased with increasing absorbed dose.
Acquiring Search-Control Knowledge via Static Analysis

Explanation-Based Learning (EBL) is a widely-used technique for acquiring searchcontrol knowledge. Recently, Prieditis, van Harmelen, and Bundy pointed to the similarity between Partial Evaluation (PE) and EBL. However, EBL utilizes training examples whereas PE does not. It is natural to inquire, therefore, whether PE can be used to acquire searchcontrol knowledge, and if so at what cost? This paper answers these questions by means of a case study comparing prodigy/ebl, a state-of-the-art EBL system, and static, a PEbased analyzer of problem-space de nitions. When tested in prodigy/ebl's benchmark problem spaces, static generated search-control knowledge that was up to three times as e ective as the knowledge learned by prodigy/ebl, and did so from twenty-six to seventyseven times faster. The paper describes static's algorithms, compares its performance to prodigy/ebl's, noting when static's superior performance will scale up and when it will not. The paper concludes with several lessons for the design of EBL systems, suggesting hybrid PE/EBL systems as a promising direction for future research. static is available by sending mail to the author at etzioni@cs.washington.edu. The prodigy system, and the information necessary to replicate the experiments in this paper, is available by sending mail to prodigy@cs.cmu.edu.
Urgency-Based Scheduler for Time-Sensitive Switched Ethernet Networks

Due to increasing bandwidth requirements, Ethernet technology is emerging in embedded systems application areas such as automotive, avionics, and industrial control. In the automotive domain, Ethernet enables integration of cameras, radars, and fusion to build active safety and automated driving systems. While Ethernet provides the necessary communication bandwidth, solutions are needed to satisfy stringent dependability and temporal requirements of such safety-critical systems. This paper introduces an asynchronous traffic scheduling algorithm, which gives low delay guarantees in a switched Ethernet network, while maintaining a low implementation complexity. We present a timing analysis and demonstrate the tightness of the delay bounds by extensive simulation experiments.
Digital Signature: Application Development Trends in E-Business

Applications of digital signature technology are on the rise because of legal and technological developments, along with strong market demand for secured transactions on the Internet. In order to predict the future demand for digital signature products and online security, it is important to understand the application development trends in digital signature technology. This comparative study across various modes of e-business indicates that the majority of digital signature applications have been developed for the Business-to-Business (B2B) mode of e-business. This study also indicates a slow adoption rate of digital signature products by governments and the potential for their rapid growth in the Business-to-Consumer (B2C) mode of e-business. These developments promise to provide a robust security infrastructure for online businesses, which may promote e-business further in the future.