nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Outlier Detection in Complex Categorical Data by Modeling the Feature Value Couplings

This paper introduces a novel unsupervised outlier detection method, namely Coupled Biased Random Walks (CBRW), for identifying outliers in categorical data with diversified frequency distributions and many noisy features. Existing pattern-based outlier detection methods are ineffective in handling such complex scenarios, as they misfit such data. CBRW estimates outlier scores of feature values by modelling feature value level couplings, which carry intrinsic data characteristics, via biased random walks to handle this complex data. The outlier scores of feature values can either measure the outlierness of an object or facilitate the existing methods as a feature weighting and selection indicator. Substantial experiments show that CBRW can not only detect outliers in complex data significantly better than the state-of-the-art methods, but also greatly improve the performance of existing methods on data sets with many noisy features.
Vehicular fog computing: Vision and challenges

The emerging vehicular applications demand for a lot more computing and communication capacity to excel in their compute-intensive and latency-sensitive tasks. Fog computing, which focuses on moving computing resources to the edge of networks, complements cloud computing by solving the latency constraints and reducing ingress traffic to the cloud. This paper presents a visionary concept on vehicular fog computing that turns connected vehicles into mobile fog nodes and utilises mobility of vehicles for providing cost-effective and on-demand fog computing for vehicular applications. Besides system design, this paper also discusses the remained technical challenges.
Geometric control of multiple quadrotor UAVs transporting a cable-suspended rigid body

This paper is focused on tracking control for a rigid body payload, that is connected to an arbitrary number of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles via rigid links. An intrinsic form of the equations of motion is derived on the nonlinear configuration manifold, and a geometric controller is constructed such that the payload asymptotically follows a given desired trajectory for its position and attitude. The unique feature is that the coupled dynamics between the rigid body payload, links, and quadrotors are explicitly incorporated into control system design and stability analysis. These are developed in a coordinate-free fashion to avoid singularities and complexities that are associated with local parameterizations. The desirable features of the proposed control system are illustrated by a numerical example.
Multi-Exemplar Affinity Propagation

The affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm has received much attention in the past few years. AP is appealing because it is efficient, insensitive to initialization, and it produces clusters at a lower error rate than other exemplar-based methods. However, its single-exemplar model becomes inadequate when applied to model multisubclasses in some situations such as scene analysis and character recognition. To remedy this deficiency, we have extended the single-exemplar model to a multi-exemplar one to create a new multi-exemplar affinity propagation (MEAP) algorithm. This new model automatically determines the number of exemplars in each cluster associated with a super exemplar to approximate the subclasses in the category. Solving the model is NP--hard and we tackle it with the max-sum belief propagation to produce neighborhood maximum clusters, with no need to specify beforehand the number of clusters, multi-exemplars, and superexemplars. Also, utilizing the sparsity in the data, we are able to reduce substantially the computational time and storage. Experimental studies have shown MEAP's significant improvements over other algorithms on unsupervised image categorization and the clustering of handwritten digits.
From Transactional to Iransformational Leadership : Learning to Share the Vision

^^ir jEdmund Hillary of Mount Everest \ fajne liked to tell a story about one of ^J Captain Robert Falcon Scott's earlier attempts, from 1901 to 1904, to reach the South Pole. Scott led an expedition made up of men from thb Royal Navy and the merchant marine, as jwell as a group of scientists. Scott had considel'able trouble dealing with the merchant n|arine personnel, who were unaccustomed ip the rigid discipline of Scott's Royal Navy. S|:ott wanted to send one seaman home because he would not take orders, but the seaman refused, arguing that he had signed a contract and knew his rights. Since the seaman wds not subject to Royal Navy disciplinary action, Scott did not know what to do. Then Ernest Shackleton, a merchant navy officer in $cott's party, calmly informed the seaman th^t he, the seaman, was returning to Britain. Again the seaman refused —and Shackle^on knocked him to the ship's deck. After ar^other refusal, followed by a second flooring, the seaman decided he would retuijn home. Scott later became one of the victims of his own inadequacies as a leader in his 1911 race to the South Pole. Shackleton went qn to lead many memorable expeditions; once, seeking help for the rest of his party, who were stranded on the Antarctic Coast, he journeyed with a small crew in a small open boat from the edge of Antarctica to Souilh Georgia Island.
Broadband Polarization-Independent Perfect Absorber Using a Phase-Change Metamaterial at Visible Frequencies

We report a broadband polarization-independent perfect absorber with wide-angle near unity absorbance in the visible regime. Our structure is composed of an array of thin Au squares separated from a continuous Au film by a phase change material (Ge2Sb2Te5) layer. It shows that the near perfect absorbance is flat and broad over a wide-angle incidence up to 80° for either transverse electric or magnetic polarization due to a high imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity of Ge2Sb2Te5. The electric field, magnetic field and current distributions in the absorber are investigated to explain the physical origin of the absorbance. Moreover, we carried out numerical simulations to investigate the temporal variation of temperature in the Ge2Sb2Te5 layer and to show that the temperature of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 can be raised from room temperature to > 433 K (amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition temperature) in just 0.37 ns with a low light intensity of 95 nW/μm(2), owing to the enhanced broadband light absorbance through strong plasmonic resonances in the absorber. The proposed phase-change metamaterial provides a simple way to realize a broadband perfect absorber in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions and is important for a number of applications including thermally controlled photonic devices, solar energy conversion and optical data storage.
The management of penile Mondor's phlebitis: superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis.

Superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis was diagnosed 8 times in 7 patients between 19 and 40 years old (mean age 27 years). All patients related the onset of the thrombosis to vigorous sexual intercourse. No other etiological medications, drugs or constricting devices were implicated. Three patients were treated acutely with anti-inflammatory medications, while 4 were managed expectantly. The mean interval to resolution of symptoms was 7 weeks. Followup ranged from 3 to 30 months (mean 11) at which time all patients noticed normal erectile function. Only 1 patient had recurrent thrombosis 3 months after the initial episode, again related to intercourse. We conclude that this is a benign self-limited condition. Anti-inflammatory agents are useful for acute discomfort but they do not affect the rate of resolution.
A Trio of Concerns.

This essay assesses the two most significant changes in psychology over the past century: the attempt to localize psychological phenomena in restricted brain sites and the search for genetic contributions to behavior and psychopathology. Although there are advantages to these new developments, they are accompanied by some questionable assumptions. Because the investigators in these domains often relate variation in their biological measures to variation in personality traits evaluated with questionnaires, an analysis of the unique properties of the verbalreport questionnaires is presented. It is suggested that future research on human personality should try to combine semantic reports with behaviors and biological data in order to arrive at more fruitful constructs.
A fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array transmitter in CMOS

This paper presents the first fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array transmitter designed using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS transistors. The four-element array includes four on-chip CMOS power amplifiers, with outputs matched to 50 /spl Omega/, that are each capable of generating up to 14.5 dBm of output power at 24 GHz. The heterodyne transmitter has a two-step quadrature up-conversion architecture with local oscillator (LO) frequencies of 4.8 and 19.2 GHz, which are generated by an on-chip frequency synthesizer. Four-bit LO path phase shifting is implemented in each element at 19.2 GHz, and the transmitter achieves a peak-to-null ratio of 23 dB with raw beam-steering resolution of 7/spl deg/ for radiation normal to the array. The transmitter can support data rates of 500 Mb/s on each channel (with BPSK modulation) and occupies 6.8 mm /spl times/ 2.1 mm of die area.
RTOS based Home Automation System using Android

With the openness, flexibility and features that Android offers, it has been widely adopted in applications beyond just SmartPhones. This paper presents the design and implementation of a low cost yet compact and secure Android smart phone based home automation system. This design is based on the popular open sourced Arduino prototyping board where the sensors and electrical appliances are connected to the input/output ports of the board. In order to enhance the system responsiveness and to make it more dynamic, we've integrated a popular and open source RTOS, the scmRTOS, which has a very small footprint on the microcontroller. The controlling application which has been developed for Android devices can also be easily developed on other popular SmartPhone operating systems like Apple's iOS, Microsoft's WP7/8 and BlackBerry OS. Pattern based password protection is implemented to allow only authorized users to control the appliances. Another add-on included is the integration of Google's voice recognition feature that recognizes users' voice commands to control appliances.
Pattern Taxonomy Mining for Text Categorization

Most of the text mining methods use term-based mining. All those methods are affected by common problems such as synonymy and polysemy. Mining of patterns have more advantage than other term based methods. Pattern Taxonomy Mining can be used to increase the effectiveness in the discovery of useful patterns. In addition to solving the common problems in term based mining, this paper tries to address the low occurring problems as well. Algorithms to deploy patterns and to evolve inner pattern are used to improve the effectiveness of pattern discovery. RCV1 text collection is used for experiments in this paper. Performance and execution of text categorization have significantly enhanced without any lose in the accuracy rate.
Classification of common partial discharge types in oil-paper insulation system using acoustic signals

This paper addresses classifying different common partial discharge (PD) types under different acoustic emission (AE) measurement conditions. Four types of PDs are considered for the multi-class classification problem, namely; PD from a sharp point to ground plane, surface discharge, PD from a void in the insulation, and PD from semi parallel planes. The collected AE signals are processed using pattern classification techniques to identify their corresponding PD types. The measurement conditions include the influences of various PD locations, oil temperatures, and having a barrier in the line-of-sight between the PD source and the AE sensor. A recognition rate of 94% is achieved when classifying the different PD types measured at the same conditions. In addition, it has been found that the different PD source locations, oil temperatures, and barrier insertion have an impact on the recognition rate. However, by including AE samples at these different conditions in the training process, a recognition rate around 90% for all cases is achieved.
Information quality challenges in social media

Social media has become an integral part of people’s lives. People share their daily activities, experiences, interests, and opinions on social networking websites, opening the floodgates of information that can be analyzed by marketers as well as consumers. However, low barriers to publication and easy-to-use interactive interfaces have contributed to various information quality (IQ) problems in the social media that has made obtaining timely, accurate and relevant information a challenge. Approaches such as data mining and machine learning have only begun to address these challenges. Social media has its own distinct characteristics that warrant specialized approaches. In this paper, we study the unique characteristics of social media and address how existing methods fall short in mitigating the IQ issues it faces. Despite being extensively studied, IQ theories have yet to be embraced in tackling IQ challenges in social media. We redefine social media challenges as IQ challenges. We propose an IQ and Total Data Quality Management (TDQM) approach to the Social media challenges. We map the IQ dimensions, social media categories, social media challenges, and IQ tools in order to bridge the gap between the IQ framework and its application in addressing IQ challenges in social media.
Human-Scale Virtual Environment for Product Design: Effect of Sensory Substitution

This paper presents a human-scale virtual environment (VE) with haptic feedback along with two experiments performed in the context of product design. The user interacts with a virtual mock-up using a large-scale bimanual string-based haptic interface called SPIDAR (Space Interface Device for Artificial Reality). An original self-calibration method is proposed. A vibro-tactile glove was developed and integrated to the SPIDAR to provide tactile cues to the operator. The purpose of the first experiment was: (1) to examine the effect of tactile feedback in a task involving reach-and-touch of different parts of a digital mock-up, and (2) to investigate the use of sensory substitution in such tasks. The second experiment aimed to investigate the effect of visual and auditory feedback in a car-light maintenance task. Results of the first experiment indicate that the users could easily and quickly access and finely touch the different parts of the digital mock-up when sensory feedback (either visual, auditory, or tactile) was present. Results of the of the second experiment show that visual and auditory feedbacks improve average placement accuracy by about 54 % and 60% respectively compared to the open loop case. Index Terms — Virtual reality, virtual environment, haptic interaction, sensory substitution, human performance.
Exploring the contribution of information technology to governance, risk management, and compliance (GRC) initiatives

Information technology (IT) has a tremendous impact on the discipline of accounting by introducing new ways of retrieving and processing information a bout performance deviations and control effectiveness. This paper explores the role of IT f or managing organizational controls by analyzing value drivers for particular accounting information systems that commonly run under the label of Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance (GRC IS ). We apply a grounded theory approach to structure the value drivers of GRC IS into a resear ch f amework. In order to understand the impact of IT, we relate the GRC IS value drivers to control t heories. Practical implications include understanding GRC IS benefits beyond compliance and providing clear strategic reasoning for GRC IS depending on the individual company’s situation. Research implications include the fact that integrating IT into the context of accounting leave s several unsolved yet promising issues in theory which future research might address. This paper is the first to use the lens of organizational control theories on Governance, Risk Management, and Compli ance information systems and establishes a potentially fruitful research agenda for GRC IS as a highly relevant topic for information systems research.
Multiple IMU Integration for Vehicular Navigation

One of the most widespread applications of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is vehicular navigation. Improving the navigation accuracy continues to be a focus of research, commonly answered by the use of additional sensors. A sensor commonly fused with GPS is the inertial measurement unit (IMU). Due to the fact that the requirements of commercial systems are low cost, small size, and power conservative, micro-electro mechanical sensors (MEMS) IMUs are used. They provide navigation capability even in the absence of GPS signals or in the presence of high multipath or jamming. This paper addresses a centralized filter construction whereby navigation solutions from multiple IMUs are fused together to improve accuracy in GPS degraded areas. The proposed filter is a collection of several single IMU block filters. Each block filter is a 21 state IMU filter. Because each block filter estimates position, velocity and attitude, the system can utilize relative updates between the IMUs. These relative updates provide a method of reducing the position drift in the absence of GPS observations. The proposed filter’s performance is analyzed as a function of the number of IMUs used and relative update type, using a data set consisting of GPS outages, urban canyons and residential open sky conditions. While the use of additional IMUs (including a single IMU) provides negligible improvement in open sky conditions (where GPS alone is sufficient), the use of two, three, four and five IMUs provided a horizontal position improvement of 25 %, 29 %, 32 %, and 34 %, respectively, when GPS observations are removed for 30 seconds. Similarly, the velocity RMS improved by 25 %, 31%, 33%, and 34% for two, three, four and five IMUs, respectively. Attitude estimation also improves significantly ranging from 30 % – 76 %. Results also indicate that the use of more IMUs provides the system with better multipath rejection and performance in urban canyons.
The RWTH aachen machine translation system for IWSLT 2010

This work describes the statistical machine translation (SMT) systems of RWTH Aachen University developed for the evaluation campaign International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) 2013. We participated in the English→French, English↔German, Arabic→English, Chinese→English and Slovenian↔English MT tracks and the English→French and English→German SLT tracks. We apply phrase-based and hierarchical SMT decoders, which are augmented by state-of-the-art extensions. The novel techniques we experimentally evaluate include discriminative phrase training, a continuous space language model, a hierarchical reordering model, a word class language model, domain adaptation via data selection and system combination of standard and reverse order models. By application of these methods we can show considerable improvements over the respective baseline systems.
Thermal modeling and design on smartphones with heat pipe cooling technique

While the performance of smartphones becomes much higher, the application processor consumes considerable power. Thus, it is hard to meet thermal constraints by using conventional cooling techniques. Fortunately, since heat pipes can efficiently transfer the thermal energy from hot regions to cool regions, temperatures in hot regions can be reduced greatly. Hence, in the past three years, the heat pipe cooling techniques have been applied to smartphones by industries. However, although the time-consuming commercial simulation tools, such as ANSYS Fluent, can provide accurate thermal maps, they may lead to inefficiency during design stages. Besides, the compact thermal model for bended heat pipes is still underdeveloped. Therefore, efficient thermal simulation for smartphones with bended heat pipes should be developed for the design stage. Furthermore, the routing of bended heat pipe should be optimized to obtain more thermal energy transfer.
Review of the Anatomy of the Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery and Its Anomalies.

The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) varies considerably and this complicates the description of the normal anatomy. The segmentation of the ACA is mostly agreed on by different authors, although the relationship of the pericallosal and callosomarginal arteries (CmA) is not agreed upon. The two basic configurations of the ACA are determined by the presence or absence of the CmA. The diameter, length and origin of the cortical branches have been measured and described by various authors and display great variability. Common anomalies of the ACA include the azygos, bihemispheric, and median anterior cerebral arteries. A pilot study was done on 19 hemispheres to assess the variation of the branches of the ACA. The most common variations included absence and duplication. The inferior internal parietal artery and the CmA were most commonly absent and the paracentral lobule artery was the most frequently duplicated (36.8%). The inferior internal parietal artery originated from the posterior cerebral artery in 40.0% and this was the most unusual origin observed. It is important to be aware of the possibility of variations since these variations can have serious clinical implications. The knowledge of these variations can be helpful to clinicians and neurosurgeons. The aim of this article is to review the anatomy and variations of the anterior cerebral artery, as described in the literature. This was also compared to the results from a pilot study.