nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Helical tomotherapy targeting total bone marrow after total body irradiation for patients with relapsed acute leukemia undergoing an allogeneic stem cell transplant.

To report our clinical experience in planning and delivering total marrow irradiation (TMI) after total body irradiation (TBI) in patients with relapsed acute leukemia undergoing an allogeneic stem-cell transplant (SCT).



Patients received conventional TBI as 2 Gy BID/day for 3 days boosted the next day by TMI (2 Gy in a single fraction) and followed by cyclophosphamide (Cy) 60 mg/kg for 2 days. While TBI was delivered with linear accelerator, TMI was performed with helical tomotherapy (HT).



Fifteen patients were treated from July 2009 till May 2010, ten with acute myeloid leukemia, and five with acute lymphoid leukemia. At the time of radiotherapy eight patients were in relapse and seven in second or third complete remission (CR) after relapse. The donor was a matched sibling in 7 cases and an unrelated donor in 8 cases. Median organ-at-risk dose reduction with TMI ranged from 30% to 65% with the largest reduction (-50%-65%) achieved for brain, larynx, liver, lungs and kidneys. Target areas (bone marrow sites and spleen in selected cases) were irradiated with an optimal conformity and an excellent homogeneity. Follow-up is short ranging from 180 to 510 days (median 310 days). However, tolerance was not different from a conventional TBI-Cy. All patients treated with TBI/TMI reached CR after SCT. Three patients have died (2 for severe GvHD, 1 for infection) and 2 patients showed relapsed leukemia. Twelve patients are alive with ten survivors in clinical remission of disease.



This study confirms the clinical feasibility of using HT to deliver TMI as selective dose boost modality after TBI. For patients with advanced leukemia targeted TMI after TBI may be a novel approach to increase radiation dose with low risk of severe toxicity.
Autonomous Testing for 3D-ICs with IEEE Std. 1687

1687, or IJTAG, defines flexible serial scan-based architectures for accessing embedded instruments efficiently. In this paper, we present a novel test architecture that employs IEEE Std. 1687 together with an efficient test controller to carry out 3D-IC testing autonomously. The test controller can deliver parallel test data for the IEEE Std. 1687 structures and the cores under test, and provide required control signals to control the whole test procedure. This design can achieve at-speed, autonomous and programmable testing in 3D-ICs. Experimental results show that the additional area and test cycle overhead of this architecture is small considering its autonomous test capability.
44Sc-PSMA-617 for radiotheragnostics in tandem with 177Lu-PSMA-617—preclinical investigations in comparison with 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 68Ga-PSMA-617

The targeting of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is of particular interest for radiotheragnostic purposes of prostate cancer. Radiolabeled PSMA-617, a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-functionalized PSMA ligand, revealed favorable kinetics with high tumor uptake, enabling its successful application for PET imaging (68Ga) and radionuclide therapy (177Lu) in the clinics. In this study, PSMA-617 was labeled with cyclotron-produced 44Sc (T 1/2 = 4.04 h) and investigated preclinically for its use as a diagnostic match to 177Lu-PSMA-617.



44Sc was produced at the research cyclotron at PSI by irradiation of enriched 44Ca targets, followed by chromatographic separation. 44Sc-PSMA-617 was prepared under standard labeling conditions at elevated temperature resulting in a radiochemical purity of >97% at a specific activity of up to 10 MBq/nmol. 44Sc-PSMA-617 was evaluated in vitro and compared to the 177Lu- and 68Ga-labeled match, as well as 68Ga-PSMA-11 using PSMA-positive PC-3 PIP and PSMA-negative PC-3 flu prostate cancer cells. In these experiments it revealed similar in vitro properties to that of 177Lu- and 68Ga-labeled PSMA-617. Moreover, 44Sc-PSMA-617 bound specifically to PSMA-expressing PC-3 PIP tumor cells, while unspecific binding to PC-3 flu cells was not observed. The radioligands were investigated with regard to their in vivo properties in PC-3 PIP/flu tumor-bearing mice. 44Sc-PSMA-617 showed high tumor uptake and a fast renal excretion. The overall tissue distribution of 44Sc-PSMA-617 resembled that of 177Lu-PSMA-617 most closely, while the 68Ga-labeled ligands, in particular 68Ga-PSMA-11, showed different distribution kinetics. 44Sc-PSMA-617 enabled distinct visualization of PC-3 PIP tumor xenografts shortly after injection, with increasing tumor-to-background contrast over time while unspecific uptake in the PC-3 flu tumors was not observed.



The in vitro characteristics and in vivo kinetics of 44Sc-PSMA-617 were more similar to 177Lu-PSMA-617 than to 68Ga-PSMA-617 and 68Ga-PSMA-11. Due to the almost four-fold longer half-life of 44Sc as compared to 68Ga, a centralized production of 44Sc-PSMA-617 and transport to satellite PET centers would be feasible. These features make 44Sc-PSMA-617 particularly appealing for clinical application.
Acceleration and execution of relational queries using general purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU)

s away much detail about the actual execution of a program from application developers: developers only specify logical relationships between data. Compared to emerging distributed programming languages for GPUs such as Map-Reduce [24], LogiQL expresses a richer set of relational and database operations that are cumbersome to implement in Map-Reduce. 2.1.2 Relational Algebra Primitives Database programming languages are mainly derived from primitive operations common to first order logic. They are also declarative, in that they specify the expected result of the computation rather than a list of steps required to determine it. Due to their roots in first order logic, many database programming languages such as SQL and Datalog can be mostly or completely represented using RA. RA itself consists of a small number of fundamental operations, including PROJECT, SELECT, PRODUCT, SET operations (UNION, INTERSECT, and DIFFERENCE), and JOIN. These fundamental operators are themselves complex applications that are composed of multi-level algorithms and complex data structures. Given kernel-granularity implementations of these operations it is possible to compile many high level database applications into a CFG of RA kernels. RA consists of a set of fundamental transformations that are applied to sets of primitive elements. Primitive elements consist of n-ary tuples that map attributes to values. Each attribute consists of a finite set of possible values and an n-ary tuple is a list of n values, one for each attribute. Another way to think about tuples is as coordinates in an n-dimensional space. An unordered set of tuples of this type specifies a region in this n-dimensional space and is termed a “relation”. Each transformation in RA performs an operation on a relation, producing a new relation. Many operators divide the tuple attributes into key attributes and value attributes. In these operations, the key attributes are considered by the operator and the value attributes are treated as payload data that are not considered by the operation. Table 1 lists the common RA operators and a few simple examples. In general, these operators perform simple tasks on a large amount of data. A typical complex relational
From Part to Whole: Who is Behind the Painting?

Compared with normal modalities, the representations of paintings are much more complex due to its large intra-class and small inter-class variation. This poses more difficulties in the task of authorship identification. In this paper, we propose a multi-task multi-range (MTMR) representation framework and try to resolve this issue in two ways. First, we investigate how to improve the representation through multi-task learning. Specifically, we attempt to optimize authorship identification with subtly correlated identification tasks such as style, genre and date. Second, in order to make the representation more comprehensive and reduce the information loss from image scaling, we propose a multi-range structure which is composed of local, regional and global representations. Experiments on the two most representative large-scale painting datasets, Rijksmuseum Challenge and Wikiart, have shown that our method significantly outperforms the existing methods. To give better understanding and provide more effective predictions, we utilize random forest as the feature ranking method to analyze the importance of different features and apply external knowledge matching to further examine the predictions. Moreover, the framework's effects of identifying the authorship are visualized on the paintings' artist-characteristic regions and t-SNE is further applied to perform artist-based cluster analysis. Extensive validation has demonstrated that the proposed framework yields superior performance in the chanllenging task of painting authorship identification.
A feasibility test of underactuated robotic prosthetic fingers actuated by shape memory alloy

This paper presents development of a two-fingered robotic device for amputees whose hands are partially impaired. In this research, we focused on developing a compact and lightweight robotic finger system, so the target amputee would be able to execute simple activities in daily living (ADL), such as grasping a bottle or a cup for a long time. The robotic finger module was designed by considering the impaired shape and physical specifications of the target patient's hand. The proposed prosthetic finger was designed using a linkage mechanism which was able to create underactuated finger motion. This underactuated mechanism contributes to minimizing the number of required actuators for finger motion. In addition, the robotic finger was not driven by an electro-magnetic rotary motor, but a shape-memory alloy (SMA) actuator. Having a driving method using SMA wire contributed to reducing the total weight of the prosthetic robot finger as it has higher energy density than that offered by the method using the electrical DC motor. In this paper, we confirmed the performance of the proposed robotic finger by fundamental driving tests and the characterization of the SMA actuator.
Oral lichenoid lesions related to dental restorative materials

To determine the effectiveness of replacing restorations considered to be the cause of an oral lichenoid lesion (oral lichenoid reaction)(OLL).Design Clinical intervention and nine-month follow up. The study was carried out in the University Dental Hospital of Manchester, 1998-2002.Subjects and methods A total of 51 patients, mean age 53 (SD 13) years, who had oral lesions or symptoms suspected to be related to their dental restorations were investigated. Baseline patch tests for a series of dental materials, biopsies and photographs were undertaken. Thirty-nine out of 51 (76%) of patients had their restorations replaced. The clinical manifestations of OLL were variable; the majority of OLL were found to be in the molar and retro molar area of the buccal mucosa and the tongue. Twenty-seven (53%) patients had positive patch test reactions to at least one material, 24 of them for one or more mercury compound. After a mean follow up period of nine months, lesions adjacent to replaced restorations completely healed in 16 (42%) patients (10 positive and 6 negative patch tests). Improvement in signs and symptoms were found in 18 (47%) patients (11 positive and 7 negative patch tests).Conclusion OLLs may be elicited by some dental restorations. Replacing restorations adjacent to these lesions is associated with healing in the majority of cases particularly when lesions are in close contact with restorations. A patch test seems to be of limited benefit as a predictor of such reactions.
The advantages and disadvantages of being polyploid

Polyploids — organisms that have multiple sets of chromosomes — are common in certain plant and animal taxa, and can be surprisingly stable. The evidence that has emerged from genome analyses also indicates that many other eukaryotic genomes have a polyploid ancestry, suggesting that both humans and most other eukaryotes have either benefited from or endured polyploidy. Studies of polyploids soon after their formation have revealed genetic and epigenetic interactions between redundant genes. These interactions can be related to the phenotypes and evolutionary fates of polyploids. Here, I consider the advantages and challenges of polyploidy, and its evolutionary potential.
Gradient Aware - Shrinking Domain based Control Design for Reactive Planning Frameworks used in Autonomous Vehicles

In this paper, we present a novel control law for longitudinal speed control of autonomous vehicles. The key contributions of the proposed work include the design of a control law that reactively integrates the longitudinal surface gradient of road into its operation. In contrast to the existing works, we found that integrating the path gradient into the control framework improves the speed tracking efficacy. Since the control law is implemented over a shrinking domain scheme, it minimizes the integrated error by recomputing the control inputs at every discretized step and consequently provides less reaction time. This makes our control law suitable for motion planning frameworks that are operating at high frequencies. Furthermore, our work is implemented using a generalized vehicle model and can be easily extended to other classes of vehicles. The performance of gradient aware shrinking domain based controller is implemented and tested on a stock electric vehicle on which a number of sensors are mounted. Results from the tests show the robustness of our control law for speed tracking on a terrain with varying gradient while also considering stringent time constraints imposed by the planning framework.
Large Scale Log Analytics through ELK

Analyzing large volumes of log events without some kind of classification is undoable nowadays due to the large amount of events. Using AI to classify events make these log events usable again. With the use of the Keras Deep Learning API, which supports many Optimizing Stochastic Gradient Decent algorithms, better known as optimizers, this research project tried these algorithms in a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, which is a variant of the Recurrent Neural Networks. These algorithms have been applied to classify and update event data stored in Elastic-Search. The LSTM network consists of five layers where the output layer is a Dense layer using the Softmax function for evaluating the AI model and making the predictions. The Categorical Cross-Entropy is the algorithm used to calculate the loss. For the same AI model, different optimizers have been used to measure the accuracy and the loss. Adam was found as the best choice with an accuracy of 29,8%.
Toroidally-Wound Self-Bearing BLDC Motor With Lorentz Force

Self-bearing motors (SBM) use a single magnetic structure for rotational motoring as well as for noncontact levitation. They are sometimes referred to as bearingless motors or combined motor-bearings. In this paper, we propose a new type of self-bearing motors based on toroidally-wound brushless DC machines. This type of SBM can be made to be passively stable in the axial direction and for out-of-plane rotations. To achieve self-bearing operation, we derive a force-current model and show that the levitation force is decoupled from the rotational torque. To overcome the singularity problem in the force-current model, we propose a phase selection algorithm in which the phase that may cause singularity is counted out when inverting the force-current model. Through finite element analyses and experiments, we validate the force-current model and the phase selection algorithm.
A comparison of electrosurgery and sharp debridement in the treatment of chronic neurovascular, neurofibrous and hard corns. A pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

A randomised controlled trial was undertaken to compare treatment outcomes for neurovascular, neurofibrous and hard corns. Patients with suitable lesions were referred from community clinics within Manchester PCT. Fifty-nine subjects were enrolled into the study and randomised to one of two treatment groups; group (a) those treated with electrosurgery and (b) a control group treated with standard sharp debridement. The principle outcome measure was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score (0, no pain; 10, worst pain experienced) and lesions were categorised as demonstrating no change, partial or complete resolution. Data were analysed using 'Intention to Treat' methodology, i.e. analysis of data from subjects randomised to each group (electrosurgery group n=34; control group n=25). The results show a statistically significant reduction in pain in group (a) as reported at the 6 month review (p=0.0001) with a complete and partial resolution rate of 26% and 50%, respectively compared with group (b) whose pain level reduction was not significant and which showed resolution rates of 4% and 28% only.
Fuzzy Model in Human Emotions Recognition

This paper discusses a fuzzy model for multi-level human emotions recognition by computer systems through keyboard keystrokes, mouse and touch-screen interactions. This model can also be used to detect the other possible emotions at the time of recognition. Accuracy measurements of human emotions by the fuzzy model are discussed through two methods; the first is accuracy analysis and the second is false positive rate analysis. This fuzzy model detects more emotions, but on the other hand, for some of emotions, a lower accuracy was obtained with the comparison with the non-fuzzy human emotions detection methods. This system was trained and tested by Support Vector Machine (SVM) to recognize the users’ emotions. Overall, this model represents a closer similarity between human brain detection of emotions and computer systems.  fuzzy emotions, multi-level emotions, human emotion recognition, human computer interaction.
A Macroergonomic Framework for Computer and Information Security

This paper describes a macroergonomic framework for computer and information security (CIS). Moving away from the current emphasis of technologycentered approaches to CIS, our framework shifts to a multi-dimensional examination of CIS. This examination includes four subsystems of a computer and information security system: the technical, social, organizational, and external environment subsystems. Our framework emphasizes that the interactions within and among these subsystems create technical computer and information security vulnerabilities. The contribution of this framework is a complete view of the complex and multivarious nature of CIS systems. This view is important for understanding the etiology of CIS system vulnerabilties. With this understanding, we can build more secure computer and information systems to remediate CIS breaches and attacks.
Electromagnetic cellular interactions.

Chemical and electrical interaction within and between cells is well established. Just the opposite is true about cellular interactions via other physical fields. The most probable candidate for an other form of cellular interaction is the electromagnetic field. We review theories and experiments on how cells can generate and detect electromagnetic fields generally, and if the cell-generated electromagnetic field can mediate cellular interactions. We do not limit here ourselves to specialized electro-excitable cells. Rather we describe physical processes that are of a more general nature and probably present in almost every type of living cell. The spectral range included is broad; from kHz to the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. We show that there is a rather large number of theories on how cells can generate and detect electromagnetic fields and discuss experimental evidence on electromagnetic cellular interactions in the modern scientific literature. Although small, it is continuously accumulating.
The low dose synacthen test: experience in well preterm infants.

A pilot study to establish what constitutes a normal response to the low dose synacthen test (using 500 ng/1.73 m2 of ACTH) in well preterm infants was carried out on seven well preterm infants. Previous studies on preterm neonates (using a dose of ACTH of 36 microg/kg) suggest that a normal adrenal response is a peak serum cortisol level of > or =360 nmol/l(24). The minimum peak serum cortisol achieved by our cohort was 358 nmol/l with 6/7 infants achieving more than 360 nmol/l. 71% attained a serum cortisol increment from basal level of > or =200 nmol/l. This pilot study suggests that the criterion used to denote a normal adrenal response in preterm neonates using a dose of 36 microg/kg of ACTH (which is a peak serum cortisol of > or =360 nmol/l) can also be a applied when a physiological dose of ACTH (as used in the low dose synacthen test) is used.
A blockchain-based access control system for cloud storage

In this paper, we present a prototype of multi-user system for access control to datasets stored in an untrusted cloud environment. Cloud storage like any other untrusted environment needs the ability to secure share information. Our approach provides an access control over the data stored in the cloud without the provider participation. The main tool of access control mechanism is ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption scheme with dynamic attributes. Using a blockchain-based decentralized ledger, our system provides immutable log of all meaningful security events, such as key generation, access policy assignment, change or revocation, access request. We propose a set of cryptographic protocols ensuring privacy of cryptographic operations requiring secret or private keys. Only ciphertexts of hash codes are transferred through the blockchain ledger. The prototype of our system is implemented using smart contracts and tested on Ethereum blockchain platform.
Advanced Persistent threats and how to monitor and deter them

Just a decade ago, attackers targeting electronic networks and communications were largely motivated by gaining kudos among their peers. The main consequence of such attacks was the cost of downtime and cleaning up systems that had been compromised. Today, the primary reasons for such attacks are to steal proprietary information, to sabotage systems or for extortion. For individuals who have had their personal details stolen and used for identity theft, the consequences can be far-reaching. For commercial organisations or governments, the effects can be dire in terms of financial loss and tarnished reputations that can see customers taking their business elsewhere. It is vital that all organisations put controls in place for protecting critical assets such as intellectual property, including source code and trade secrets, and customer information such as cardholder data.