nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Iranian version of 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12): factor structure, internal consistency and construct validity

The 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) as a shorter alternative of the SF-36 is largely used in health outcomes surveys. The aim of this study was to validate the SF-12 in Iran.



A random sample of the general population aged 15 years and over living in Tehran, Iran completed the SF-12. Reliability was estimated using internal consistency and validity was assessed using known groups comparison and convergent validity. In addition, the factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by performing both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).



In all, 5587 individuals were studied (2721 male and 2866 female). The mean age and formal education of the respondents were 35.1 (SD = 15.4) and 10.2 (SD = 4.4) years respectively. The results showed satisfactory internal consistency for both summary measures, that are the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS); Cronbach's alpha for PCS-12 and MCS-12 was 0.73 and 0.72, respectively. Known-groups comparison showed that the SF-12 discriminated well between men and women and those who differed in age and educational status (P < 0.001). In addition, correlations between the SF-12 scales and single items showed that the physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain and general health subscales correlated higher with the PCS-12 score, while the vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health subscales more correlated with the MCS-12 score lending support to its good convergent validity. Finally the principal component analysis indicated a two-factor structure (physical and mental health) that jointly accounted for 57.8% of the variance. The confirmatory factory analysis also indicated a good fit to the data for the two-latent structure (physical and mental health).



In general the findings suggest that the SF-12 is a reliable and valid measure of health related quality of life among Iranian population. However, further studies are needed to establish stronger psychometric properties for this alternative form of the SF-36 Health Survey in Iran.
Gliding Arc Plasma-Stimulated Conversion of Pyrogas into Synthesis Gas

This paper discusses plasma-assisted conversion of pyrolysis gas (pyrogas) fuel to synthesis gas (syngas, combination of hydrogen and carbon monoxide). Pyrogas is a product of biomass, municipal wastes, or coal-gasification process that usually contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water, unreacted light and heavy hydrocarbons, and tar. These hydrocarbons diminish the fuel value of pyrogas, thereby necessitating the need for the conversion of the hydrocarbons. Various conditions and reforming reactions were considered for the conversion of pyrogas into syngas. Nonequilibrium plasma reforming is an effective homogenous process which makes use of catalysts unnecessary for fuel reforming. The effectiveness of gliding arc plasma as a nonequilibrium plasma discharge is demonstrated in the fuel reforming reaction processes with the aid of a specially designed low current device also known as gliding arc plasma reformer. Experimental results obtained focus on yield, molar concentration, carbon balance, and enthalpy at different conditions.
Obstacle-aware length-matching bus routing

As clock frequency increases, signal propagation delay on PCBs is requested to meet the timing specification with very high accuracy. Generally speaking, the net length in a single layer can estimate the routing delay in a single-layer net. In this paper, given a set of r single-layer nets in a bus with their length constraints inside mxn routing grids with s obstacle grids, based on obstacle-aware region partition inside routing grids, obstacle-aware shortest path generation and two detouring operations, R-flip and C-flip, an efficient O(mn+s3) algorithm is proposed to generate the length-matching paths for obstacle-aware bus routing. Compared with the published CAFE router, our proposed routing algorithm can save 80.5% of CPU time to complete obstacle-aware length-matching bus routing with no length error for tested examples on the average.
DocHandles: Linking Document Fragments in Messaging Apps

In this paper, we describe DocHandles, a novel system that allows users to link to specific document parts in their chat applications. As users type a message, they can invoke the tool by referring to a specific part of a document, e.g., "@fig1 needs revision". By combining text parsing and document layout analysis, DocHandles can find and present all the figures "1" inside previously shared documents, allowing users to explicitly link to the relevant "document handle". In this way, Ddocuments become first-class citizens inside the conversation stream where users can seamlessly integrate documents in their text-centric messaging application.
Novel FPGA based Haar classifier face detection algorithm acceleration

We present here a novel approach to use FPGA to accelerate the Haar-classifier based face detection algorithm. With highly pipelined microarchitecture and utilizing abundant parallel arithmetic units in the FPGA, wepsilave achieved real-time performance of face detection having very high detection rate and low false positives. Moreover, our approach is flexible toward the resources available on the FPGA chip. This work also provides us an understanding toward using FPGA for implementing non-systolic based vision algorithm acceleration. Our implementation is realized on a HiTech Global PCIe card that contains a Xilinx XC5VLX110T FPGA chip.
Complete Systematic Error Model of SSR for Sensor Registration in ATC Surveillance Networks

In this paper, a complete and rigorous mathematical model for secondary surveillance radar systematic errors (biases) is developed. The model takes into account the physical effects systematically affecting the measurement processes. The azimuth biases are calculated from the physical error of the antenna calibration and the errors of the angle determination dispositive. Distance bias is calculated from the delay of the signal produced by the refractivity index of the atmosphere, and from clock errors, while the altitude bias is calculated taking into account the atmosphere conditions (pressure and temperature). It will be shown, using simulated and real data, that adapting a classical bias estimation process to use the complete parametrized model results in improved accuracy in the bias estimation.
Mechanics of Precurved-Tube Continuum Robots

This paper presents a new class of thin, dexterous continuum robots, which we call active cannulas due to their potential medical applications. An active cannula is composed of telescoping, concentric, precurved superelastic tubes that can be axially translated and rotated at the base relative to one another. Active cannulas derive bending not from tendon wires or other external mechanisms but from elastic tube interaction in the backbone itself, permitting high dexterity and small size, and dexterity improves with miniaturization. They are designed to traverse narrow and winding environments without relying on ldquoguidingrdquo environmental reaction forces. These features seem ideal for a variety of applications where a very thin robot with tentacle-like dexterity is needed. In this paper, we apply beam mechanics to obtain a kinematic model of active cannula shape and describe design tools that result from the modeling process. After deriving general equations, we apply them to a simple three-link active cannula. Experimental results illustrate the importance of including torsional effects and the ability of our model to predict energy bifurcation and active cannula shape.
Comparison of the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and standing radiography for pelvic-femoral disorders in horses.

To assess agreement between ultrasonography (transcutaneous and transrectal) and standing radiography in horses with fractures in the pelvic region and disorders of the coxofemoral joint.



Case series.



Warmblood horses (n=23) and 2 ponies.



Medical records (1999-2008) of equids with pelvic or coxofemoral disorders that had pelvic radiography and ultrasonography were retrieved and results of both techniques compared.



Radiography and ultrasonography each identified equal numbers of fractures of the tuber coxa (n=4), ilial shaft (2), ischium (3), femoral neck (2), and osteoarthritis/osis of the coxofemoral joint (6). Fractures of the ilial wing (4) were only identified by ultrasonography not by standing radiography. Of 9 acetabular fractures, 3 were identified on radiographs only, 5 were identified with both modalities. One pubic fracture was identified using ultrasonography and radiography. One acetabular and 1 pubic fracture were only diagnosed on necropsy.



We found reasonable agreement (73%; 24/33) between ultrasonography and standing radiography for diagnosis of pelvic-femoral disorders. Ultrasonography was more useful for ilial wing fractures and radiography for acetabular fractures.



Ultrasonography is a rapid, safe imaging technique for detecting disorders of the pelvic region with a high diagnostic yield and is a preferred initial approach in horses with severe hindlimb lameness.
Empirical Research in Information Systems: The Practice of Relevance

This commentary discusses why most IS academic research today lacks relevance to practice and suggests tactics, procedures, and guidelines that the IS academic community might follow in their research efforts and articles to introduce relevance to practitioners. The commentary begins by defining what is meant by relevancy in the context of academic research. It then explains why there is a lack of attention to relevance within the IS scholarly literature. Next, actions that can be taken to make relevance a more central aspect of IS research and to communicate implications of IS research more effectively to IS professionals are suggested.
Gradient-Based Meta-Learning with Learned Layerwise Metric and Subspace

Gradient-based meta-learning methods leverage gradient descent to learn the commonalities among various tasks. While previous such methods have been successful in meta-learning tasks, they resort to simple gradient descent during metatesting. Our primary contribution is the MT-net, which enables the meta-learner to learn on each layer’s activation space a subspace that the taskspecific learner performs gradient descent on. Additionally, a task-specific learner of an MT-net performs gradient descent with respect to a metalearned distance metric, which warps the activation space to be more sensitive to task identity. We demonstrate that the dimension of this learned subspace reflects the complexity of the task-specific learner’s adaptation task, and also that our model is less sensitive to the choice of initial learning rates than previous gradient-based meta-learning methods. Our method achieves state-of-the-art or comparable performance on few-shot classification and regression tasks.
Subdural hematoma in infants: can it occur spontaneously? Data from a prospective series and critical review of the literature

Subdural hematomas (SDH) in infants often result from nonaccidental head injury (NAHI), which is diagnosed based on the absence of history of trauma and the presence of associated lesions. When these are lacking, the possibility of spontaneous SDH in infant (SSDHI) is raised, but this entity is hotly debated; in particular, the lack of positive diagnostic criteria has hampered its recognition. The role of arachnoidomegaly, idiopathic macrocephaly, and dehydration in the pathogenesis of SSDHI is also much discussed. We decided to analyze apparent cases of SSDHI from our prospective databank. We selected cases of SDH in infants without systemic disease, history of trauma, and suspicion of NAHI. All cases had fundoscopy and were evaluated for possible NAHI. Head growth curves were reconstructed in order to differentiate idiopathic from symptomatic macrocrania. Sixteen patients, 14 males and two females, were diagnosed with SSDHI. Twelve patients had idiopathic macrocrania, seven of these being previously diagnosed with arachnoidomegaly on imaging. Five had risk factors for dehydration, including two with severe enteritis. Two patients had mild or moderate retinal hemorrhage, considered not indicative of NAHI. Thirteen patients underwent cerebrospinal fluid drainage. The outcome was favorable in almost all cases; one child has sequels, which were attributable to obstetrical difficulties. SSDHI exists but is rare and cannot be diagnosed unless NAHI has been questioned thoroughly. The absence of traumatic features is not sufficient, and positive elements like macrocrania, arachnoidomegaly, or severe dehydration are necessary for the diagnosis of SSDHI.
Towards MDA implementation based on a novel BPMN metamodel and ATL transformation rules

A few research works have proposed a BPMN metamodel fully compliant to the BPMN specification. In a recent project called PERCOMOM and based on MDA approach, we have noticed the need to a BPMN metamodel and a transformation tool to handle automatically transformations from a BPMN model to an XML model. In this paper, we have proposed a BPMN metamodel and a set of transformation rules based on ATL to automatically handle those transformations. We have also applied and validate our approach on some samples of BPMN models.
Tunable passive phase shifter for microwave applications using highly anisotropic liquid crystals

A tunable broadband inverted microstrip line phase shifter filled with Liquid Crystals (LCs) is investigated between 1.125 GHz and 35 GHz at room temperature. The effective dielectric anisotropy is tuned by a DC-voltage of up to 30 V. In addition to standard LCs like K15 (5CB), a novel highly anisotropic LC mixture is characterized by a resonator method at 8.5 GHz, showing a very high dielectric anisotropy /spl Delta/n of 0.32 for the novel mixture compared to 0.13 for K15. These LCs are filled into two inverted microstrip line phase shifter devices with different polyimide films and heights. With a physical length of 50 mm, the insertion losses are about 4 dB for the novel mixture compared to 6 dB for K15 at 24 GHz. A differential phase shift of 360/spl deg/ can be achieved at 30 GHz with the novel mixture. The figure-of-merit of the phase shifter exceeds 110/spl deg//dB for the novel mixture compared to 21/spl deg//dB for K15 at 24 GHz. To our knowledge, this is the best value above 20 GHz at room temperature demonstrated for a tunable phase shifter based on nonlinear dielectrics up to now. This substantial progress opens up totally new low-cost LC applications beyond optics.
Threat Modelling for ASP.NET - Designing Secure Applications

This paper gives a security analysis of Microsoft's ASP.NET technology. The main part of the paper is a list of threats which is structured according to an architecture of Web services and attack points. We also give a reverse table of threats against security requirements as well as a summary of security guidelines for IT developers. This paper has been worked out in collaboration with five University teams each of which is focussing on a different security problem area. We use the same architecture for Web services and attack points.
Task Completion Platform: A self-serve multi-domain goal oriented dialogue platform

We demonstrate the Task Completion Platform (TCP); a multi-domain dialogue platform that can host and execute large numbers of goal-orientated dialogue tasks. The platform features a task configuration language, TaskForm, that allows the definition of each individual task to be decoupled from the overarching dialogue policy used by the platform to complete those tasks. This separation allows for simple and rapid authoring of new tasks, while dialogue policy and platform functionality evolve independent of the tasks. The current platform includes machine learnt models that provide contextual slot carry-over, flexible item selection, and task selection/switching. Any new task immediately gains the benefit of these pieces of built-in platform functionality. The platform is used to power many of the multi-turn dialogues supported by the Cortana personal assistant.
3–3.6-GHz Wideband GaN Doherty Power Amplifier Exploiting Output Compensation Stages

We discuss the design, realization and experimental characterization of a GaN-based hybrid Doherty power amplifier for wideband operation in the 3-3.6-GHz frequency range. The design adopts a novel, simple approach based on wideband compensator networks. Second-harmonic tuning is exploited for the main amplifier at the upper limit of the frequency band, thus improving gain equalization over the amplifier bandwidth. The realized amplifier is based on a packaged GaN HEMT and shows, at 6 dB of output power back-off, a drain efficiency higher than 38% in the 3-3.6-GHz band, gain around 10 dB, and maximum power between 43 and 44 dBm, with saturated efficiency between 55% and 66%. With respect to the state of the art, we obtain, at a higher frequency, a wideband amplifier with similar performances in terms of bandwidth, output power, and efficiency, through a simpler approach. Moreover, the measured constant maximum output power of 20 W suggests that the power utilization factor of the 10-W (Class A) GaN HEMT is excellent over the amplifier band.
Case Based Reasoning: Case Representation Methodologies

Case Based Reasoning (CBR) is an important technique in artificial intelligence, which has been applied to various kinds of problems in a wide range of domains. Selecting case representation formalism is critical for the proper operation of the overall CBR system. In this paper, we survey and evaluate all of the existing case representation methodologies. Moreover, the case retrieval and future challenges for effective CBR are explained. Case representation methods are grouped in to knowledge-intensive approaches and traditional approaches. The first group overweight the second one. The first methods depend on ontology and enhance all CBR processes including case representation, retrieval, storage, and adaptation. By using a proposed set of qualitative metrics, the existing methods based on ontology for case representation are studied and evaluated in details. All these systems have limitations. No approach exceeds 53% of the specified metrics. The results of the survey explain the current limitations of CBR systems. It shows that ontology usage in case representation needs improvements to achieve semantic representation and semantic retrieval in CBR system. Case based reasoning; Ontological case representation; Case retrieval; Clinical decision support system; Knowledge management
A SEMANTICS FOR PSEUDO INCORPORATION

This paper proposes a semantics for incorporation that does not require the incorporated nominal to form a syntactic or morphological unit with the verb. Such a semantics is needed for languages like Hindi where semantic intuitions suggest the existence of incorporation but the evidence for syntactic fusion is not compelling. A lexical alternation between regular transitive and incorporating transitive verbs is proposed to derive the particular features of Hindi incorporation. The proposed semantics derives existential force without positing existential closure over the incorporated nominal. It also builds in modality into the meaning of the incorporating verb. This proposal is compared to two other recent proposals for the interpretation of incorporated arguments. The cross-linguistic implications of the analysis developed on the basis of Hindi are also discussed. 1. Identifying Incorporation The primary identification of the phenomenon known as noun incorporation is based on morphological and syntactic evidence about the shape and position of the nominal element involved. Consider the Inuit example in (1a) as well as the more familiar example of English compounding in (1b): 1a. Angunguaq eqalut-tur-p-u-q West Greenlandic -Inuit A-ABS salmon-eat-IND-[-tr]-3S Van Geenhoven (1998) “Angunguaq ate salmon.” b. Mary went apple-picking. The thematic object in (1a) occurs inside the verbal complex, and this affects transitivity. The verb has intransitive marking and the subject has absolutive case instead of the expected ergative. The nominal itself is a bare stem. There is no determiner, case marking, plurality or modification. In other words, an incorporated nominal is an N, not a DP or an NP. Similar comments apply to the English compound in (1b), though it should be noted that English does not have [V N+V] compounds. Though the reasons for this are not particularly well-understood at this time, my purpose in introducing English compounds here is for expository purposes only. A somewhat less obvious case of noun incorporation is attested in Niuean, discussed by Massam (2001). Niuean is an SVO language with obligatory V fronting. Massam notes that in addition to expect VSO order, there also exist sentences with VOS order in Niuean: 1 There can be external modifiers with (a limited set of) determiners, case marking etc. in what is known as the phenomenon of ‘doubling’.
A restricted cell population propagates glioblastoma growth following chemotherapy

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary malignant brain tumour, with a median survival of about one year. This poor prognosis is due to therapeutic resistance and tumour recurrence after surgical removal. Precisely how recurrence occurs is unknown. Using a genetically engineered mouse model of glioma, here we identify a subset of endogenous tumour cells that are the source of new tumour cells after the drug temozolomide (TMZ) is administered to transiently arrest tumour growth. A nestin-ΔTK-IRES-GFP (Nes-ΔTK-GFP) transgene that labels quiescent subventricular zone adult neural stem cells also labels a subset of endogenous glioma tumour cells. On arrest of tumour cell proliferation with TMZ, pulse-chase experiments demonstrate a tumour re-growth cell hierarchy originating with the Nes-ΔTK-GFP transgene subpopulation. Ablation of the GFP+ cells with chronic ganciclovir administration significantly arrested tumour growth, and combined TMZ and ganciclovir treatment impeded tumour development. Thus, a relatively quiescent subset of endogenous glioma cells, with properties similar to those proposed for cancer stem cells, is responsible for sustaining long-term tumour growth through the production of transient populations of highly proliferative cells.