nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
4-channel, 40 Gb/s front-end amplifier for parallel optical receiver in 0.18 μm CMOS

This paper proposed a 4-channel parallel 40 Gb/s front-end amplifier (FEA) in optical receiver for parallel optical transmission system. A novel enhancement type regulated cascade (ETRGC) configuration with an active inductor is originated in this paper for the transimpedance amplifier to significantly increase the bandwidth. The technique of three-order interleaving active feedback expands the bandwidth of the gain stage of transimpedance amplifier and limiting amplifier. Experimental results show that the output swing is 210 mV (Vpp) when the input voltage varies from 5 mV to 500 mV. The power consumption of the 4-channel parallel 40 Gb/s front-end amplifier (FEA) is 370 mW with 1.8 V power supply and the chip area is 650 μm×1300 μm.
Visitor Identification - Elaborating Real Time Face Recognition System

In this paper requirements and conditions for the visitor identification system are outlined and an example system is proposed. Two main subsystems: face detection and face recognition are described. Algorithm for face detection integrates skin-colour, mask analysis, facial features (fast and effective way of eyes localization is presented), reductors, knowledge and template matching. For face recognition a three stage algorithm is proposed. It utilizes well known methods connected in a sequential mode. To improve accuracy and speed some modifications to original methods were proposed and new one presented. The aim was to build a visitor identification system which would be able to operate in mode with a camera and present results in real-time. The emphasis on speed and accuracy was stressed.
TapDance: End-to-Middle Anticensorship without Flow Blocking

In response to increasingly sophisticated state-sponsored Internet censorship, recent work has proposed a new approach to censorship resistance: end-to-middle proxying. This concept, developed in systems such as Telex, Decoy Routing, and Cirripede, moves anticensorship technology into the core of the network, at large ISPs outside the censoring country. In this paper, we focus on two technical obstacles to the deployment of certain end-to-middle schemes: the need to selectively block flows and the need to observe both directions of a connection. We propose a new construction, TapDance, that removes these requirements. TapDance employs a novel TCP-level technique that allows the anticensorship station at an ISP to function as a passive network tap, without an inline blocking component. We also apply a novel steganographic encoding to embed control messages in TLS ciphertext, allowing us to operate on HTTPS connections even under asymmetric routing. We implement and evaluate a TapDance prototype that demonstrates how the system could function with minimal impact on an ISP’s network operations.
Silver nanoparticles and their orthopaedic applications.

Implant-associated infection is a major source of morbidity in orthopaedic surgery. There has been extensive research into the development of materials that prevent biofilm formation, and hence, reduce the risk of infection. Silver nanoparticle technology is receiving much interest in the field of orthopaedics for its antimicrobial properties, and the results of studies to date are encouraging. Antimicrobial effects have been seen when silver nanoparticles are used in trauma implants, tumour prostheses, bone cement, and also when combined with hydroxyapatite coatings. Although there are promising results with in vitro and in vivo studies, the number of clinical studies remains small. Future studies will be required to explore further the possible side effects associated with silver nanoparticles, to ensure their use in an effective and biocompatible manner. Here we present a review of the current literature relating to the production of nanosilver for medical use, and its orthopaedic applications.
Triazolam and zolpidem: effects on human memory and attentional processes

The imidazopyridine hypnotic zolpidem may produce less memory and cognitive impairment than classic benzodiazepines, due to its relatively low binding affinity for the benzodiazepine receptor subtypes found in areas of the brain which are involved in learning and memory.  The study was designed to compare the acute effects of single oral doses of zolpidem (5, 10, 20 mg/70 kg) and the benzodiazepine hypnotic triazolam (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/70 kg) on specific memory and attentional processes.  Drug effects on memory for target (i.e., focal) information and contextual information (i.e., peripheral details surrounding a target stimulus presentation) were evaluated using a source monitoring paradigm, and drug effects on selective attention mechanisms were evaluated using a negative priming paradigm, in 18 healthy volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design.  Triazolam and zolpidem produced strikingly similar dose-related effects on memory for target information. Both triazolam and zolpidem impaired subjects’ ability to remember whether a word stimulus had been presented to them on the computer screen or whether they had been asked to generate the stimulus based on an antonym cue (memory for the origin of a stimulus, which is one type of contextual information). The results suggested that triazolam, but not zolpidem, impaired memory for the screen location of picture stimuli (spatial contextual information). Although both triazolam and zolpidem increased overall reaction time in the negative priming task, only triazolam increased the magnitude of negative priming relative to placebo.  The observed differences between triazolam and zolpidem have implications for the cognitive and pharmacological mechanisms underlying drug-induced deficits in specific memory and attentional processes, as well for the cognitive and brain mechanisms underlying these processes.
The Possible Roles of Priming with ZnO Nanoparticles in Mitigation of Salinity Stress in Lupine (Lupinus termis) Plants

To our knowledge, little attention has been paid to evaluating ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs) roles in plants grown under salinity stress. In this study, seeds of lupine (Lupinus termis) plants were grown in plastic pots and exposed to 0 (control) and 150 (S) mM NaCl with or without priming with different concentrations of ZnO [20 mg L−1 (ZNPs1), 40 mg L−1 (ZNPs2), and 60 mg L−1 (ZNPs3)] for 20 days. Salinized plants showed a reduction in plant growth parameters (root length, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight) and in the contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids) and Zn, as well as in the activity of catalase (CAT) against control plants. On the other side, salinity stress boosted the contents of organic solutes (soluble sugar, soluble protein, total free amino acids, and proline), total phenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid and Na, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in stressed plants over control plants. However, seed-priming with ZNPs mostly stimulated growth of stressed plants, which was accompanied by reinforcement in the levels of photosynthetic pigments, organic solutes, total phenols, ascorbic acid and Zn, as well as in the activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and APX enzymes over stressed plants alone. On the contrary, priming with ZNPs caused a decrement in the contents of MDA and Na in stressed plants relative to salinized plants alone. It is worthy to mention that, this improvement in salt tolerance of plants primed with ZNPs was more obvious in plants primed with ZNPs3 and grown both in unstressed and stressed regimes. Thus, our findings suggest that seed-priming with ZNPs, especially 60 mg L−1 ZnO is an effective strategy that can be used to enhance salt tolerance of lupine plants.
Comparison of thoracolumbosacral orthosis and no orthosis for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures: interim analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical equivalence trial.

OBJECT
The authors compared the outcome of patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures treated with and without a thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO).



As of June 2002, all consecutive patients satisfying the following inclusion criteria were considered eligible for this study: 1) the presence of an AO Classification Type A3 burst fractures between T-11 and L-3, 2) skeletal maturity and age < 60 years, 3) admission within 72 hours of injury, 4) initial kyphotic deformity < 35 degrees, and 5) no neurological deficit. The study was designed as a multicenter prospective randomized clinical equivalence trial. The primary outcome measure was the score based on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire assessed at 3 months postinjury. Secondary outcomes are assessed until 2 years of follow-up have been reached, and these domains included pain, functional outcome and generic health-related quality of life, sagittal alignment, length of hospital stay, and complications. Patients in whom no orthotic was used were encouraged to ambulate immediately following randomization, maintaining "neutral spinal alignment" for 8 weeks. The patients in the TLSO group began being weaned from the brace at 8 weeks over a 2-week period.



Sixty-nine patients were followed to the primary outcome time point, and 47 were followed for up to 1 year. No significant difference was found between treatment groups for any outcome measure at any stage in the follow-up period. There were 4 failures requiring surgical intervention, 3 in the TLSO group and 1 in the non-TLSO group.



This interim analysis found equivalence between treatment with a TLSO and no orthosis for thoracolumbar AO Type A3 burst fractures. The influence of a brace on early pain control and function and on long-term 1- and 2-year outcomes remains to be determined. However, the authors contend that a thoracolumbar burst fracture, in exclusion of an associated posterior ligamentous complex injury, is inherently a very stable injury and may not require a brace.
Autonomous underwater vehicle nav-igation

This paper surveys the problem of navigation for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Marine robotics technology has undergone a phase of dramatic increase in capability in recent years. Navigation is one of the key challenges that limits our capability to use AUVs to address problems of critical importance to society. Good navigation information is essential for safe operation and recovery of an AUV. For the data gathered by an AUV to be of value, the location from which the data has been acquired must be accurately known. The three primary methods for navigation of AUVs are (1) dead-reckoning and inertial navigation systems, (2) acoustic navigation, and (3) geophysical navigation techniques. The current state-of-the-art in each of these areas is summarized, and topics for future research are suggested.
TADB: a web-based resource for Type 2 toxin–antitoxin loci in bacteria and archaea

TADB (http://bioinfo-mml.sjtu.edu.cn/TADB/) is an integrated database that provides comprehensive information about Type 2 toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci, genetic features that are richly distributed throughout bacterial and archaeal genomes. Two-gene and much less frequently three-gene Type 2 TA loci code for cognate partners that have been hypothesized or demonstrated to play key roles in stress response, bacterial physiology and stabilization of horizontally acquired genetic elements. TADB offers a unique compilation of both predicted and experimentally supported Type 2 TA loci-relevant data and currently contains 10,753 Type 2 TA gene pairs identified within 1240 prokaryotic genomes, and details of over 240 directly relevant scientific publications. A broad range of similarity search, sequence alignment, genome context browser and phylogenetic tools are readily accessible via TADB. We propose that TADB will facilitate efficient, multi-disciplinary and innovative exploration of the bacteria and archaea Type 2 TA space, better defining presently recognized TA-related phenomena and potentially even leading to yet-to-be envisaged frontiers. The TADB database, envisaged as a one-stop shop for Type 2 TA-related research, will be maintained, updated and improved regularly to ensure its ongoing maximum utility to the research community.
Sesame: A User-Transparent Optimizing Framework for Many-Core Processors

With the integration of more computational cores and deeper memory hierarchies on modern processors, the performance gap between naively parallel zed code and optimized code becomes much larger than ever before. Very often, bridging the gap involves architecture-specific optimizations. These optimizations are difficult to implement by application programmers, who typically focus on the basic functionality of their code. Therefore, in this thesis, I focus on answering the following research question: "How can we address architecture-specific optimizations in a programmer-friendly way?'' As an answer, I propose an optimizing framework for parallel applications running on many-core processors (\textit{Sesame}). Taking a simple parallel zed code provided by the application programmers as input, Sesame chooses and applies the most suitable architecture-specific optimizations, aiming to improve the overall application performance in a user-transparent way. In this short paper, I present the motivation for designing and implementing Sesame, its structure and its modules. Furthermore, I describe the current status of Sesame, discussing our promising results in source-to-source vectorization, automated usage of local memory, and auto-tuning for implementation-specific parameters. Finally, I discuss my work-in-progress and sketch my ideas for finalizing Sesame's development and testing.
Occluded object search by relational affordances

Searching for objects in occluded spaces is one of the problems robots need to solve when tackling mobile manipulation tasks. Most approaches focus only on searching for a specific object. In this paper, we use the concept of relational affordances to improve occluded object search performance. Affordances define action possibilities on an object in the environment and play a role in basic cognitive capabilities. Relational affordances extend this concept by modelling relations between multiple objects. By learning and using a relational affordance model we can search for any of the multiple objects that afford a given action, each object type having a probability distribution over possible sizes and shapes, and where spatial relations between objects such as co-occurrence and stacking are modelled. The experimental results show the viability of the relational affordance models for occluded object search.
AES-256 Encryption in Communication using LabVIEW

In this novel work a new scheme to enhance security of wireless sensor Network(WSN) gateway is presented. Security in WSN is a challenging task due to its limitation towards the low latency in processing speed and power. Preliminary results show the proposed scheme that does not have application dependency and have potential in integrated with any application of wireless sensor network. However, the technique used in encryption algorithm is advanced encryption standards (AES) and sleep scheduler for key management combined and operated with the same key size to provide node authentication and secure key exchange. The various techniques are studied and compared. It is found that for encryption the maximum time required after the clock is 3.339ns and throughput achieved is 4.196388Gbps. This proposed encryption scheme is implemented using LABVIEW 2013.
Rock physics of fibrous rocks akin to Roman concrete explains uplifts at Campi Flegrei Caldera

Uplifts in the Campi Flegrei caldera reach values unsurpassed anywhere in the world (~2 meters). Despite the marked deformation, the release of strain appears delayed. The rock physics analysis of well cores highlights the presence of two horizons, above and below the seismogenic area, underlying a coupled process. The basement is a calc-silicate rock housing hydrothermal decarbonation reactions, which provide lime-rich fluids. The caprock above the seismogenic area has a pozzolanic composition and a fibril-rich matrix that results from lime-pozzolanic reactions. These findings provide evidence for a natural process reflecting that characterizing the cementitious pastes in modern and Roman concrete. The formation of fibrous minerals by intertwining filaments confers shear and tensile strength to the caprock, contributing to its ductility and increased resistance to fracture.
QED Reloaded: Towards a Pluralistic Formal Library of Mathematical Knowledge

Proposed in 1994, the “QED project” was one of the seminally influential initiatives in automated reasoning: It envisioned the formalization of “all of mathematics” and the assembly of these formalizations in a single coherent database. Even though it never led to the concrete system, communal resource, or even joint research envisioned in the QED manifesto, the idea lives on and shapes the research agendas of a significant part of the community This paper surveys a decade of work on representation languages and knowledge management tools for mathematical knowledge conducted in the KWARC research group at Jacobs University Bremen. It assembles the various research strands into a coherent agenda for realizing the QED dream with modern insights and technologies.
The PMHT for Passive Radar in a DAB/DVB Network

Passive Bistatic Radar (PBR), also known as Passive Coherent Location (PCL), uses illuminators of opportunity. Passive radar using signals in a single frequency network modulated according to the Digital Audio/Video Broadcasting (DAB/DVB) standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has recently been of increasing interest. There has been considerable research to develop tracking systems addressing its inherent difficulties [3]—[7], [10]—[13]; the poor quality–or absence–of angular information, and the lack of label of the transmitter on top of the usual target/measurement association concerns. First, there are algorithms using the Multi-Hypothesis Tracker (MHT) , [13] addressing the complexity problem from association ambiguities between measurement, targets and illuminators by initially forming two dimensional (measurement-target) hypotheses in the two-dimensional range/Doppler domain. Tracking is thence performed directly on target parameters by the MHT without considering the association between measurements and illuminators: the range/Doppler MHT extracts measurements and removes false alarms. Then, de-ghosting is performed by evaluating likelihood probabilities of possible data associations. When a Cartesian track is confirmed, the remaining tracks from other possible associations are declared false and tracking starts in the Cartesian domain. This MHT approach is good but but is not without issues. One is the appropriate motion model in range and Doppler space: probably the target dynamics in the Cartesian domain are known, the trajectories are not easily described in a space of target parameters, because the trajectories are related to illuminator/receiver/target geometry and there is association ambiguity among measurements, illuminators, and targets. And that is another concern: the illuminator association is never explicitly addressed. Now, track maintenance algorithms that operate directly in Cartesian coordinates have been explored [4], , one using modified Joint Probabilistic Data Association (JPDA) and another a particle filter. For the former, in order to address the large number of threelist hypotheses, a “super-target” idea was proposed; and the particle filters work under the PMHT measurement model that each measurement’s assignments are independent of others’. These methods have also been examined downstream from an initiation approach (the PMHTI method, suggested in ) that initiates tracks in Cartesian coordinates. In fact the PMHT seems to be an effective and natural way to accommodate the data association with the extra list (transmitters). So in this paper, we present it: it is really very simple. This tracker, combined with the initiation algorithm (the modified PMHTI method in ), shows excellent performance in comparison with the JPDA filter and particle filter.
Work-Role Attachment and Retirement Intentions of Public School Teachers in Calabar, Nigeria

This study investigated the work role attachment and retirement intentions of public school teachers in Calabar, Nigeria. It was motivated by the observation that most public school workers lack plans for retirement and as such do not prepare for it until it suddenly dawns on them. Few empirical studies were reviewed. Questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection from a sample of 200 teachers. Independent t-test was used to test the stated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that the committed/attached/involved workers have retirement intention to take a part-time job after retirement. The uncommitted/unattached/uninvolved workers have intention to retire earlier than those attached to their work. It was recommended that pre-retirement counselling should be adopted to assist teachers to develop good retirement plans.
Practical spoken language translation using compiled feature structure grammars

Practical work on spoken language translation must pursue two types of efficiency: computational efficiency, and “language engineering” efficiency. This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of the GPL-based framework for spoken language translation that addresses both of these goals. In this framework, computational grammars are written in GPL, an easy-to-use imperative programming language that allows the direct expression of linguistic algorithms in terms of rewrite-grammars with feature structure tests and manipulations. Computational efficiency is achieved with the GPL compiler, which converts GPL grammars into efficient C routines, and with the GPL runtime environment, which provides services for linguistic representations, manipulation, and memory management. An evaluation of an English-Japanese spoken language translation system based on GPL shows that it is linguistically powerful, yet only requires reasonable computational resources.
PSVM : Parallelizing Support Vector Machines on Distributed Computers

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) suffer from a widely recognized scalability problem in both memory use and computational time. To improve scalability, we have developed a parallel SVM algorithm (PSVM), which reduces memory use through performing a row-based, approximate matrix factorization, and which loads only essential data to each machine to perform parallel computation. Let n denote the number of training instances, p the reduced matrix dimension after factorization (p is significantly smaller than n), and m the number of machines. PSVM reduces the memory requirement from O(n2) to O(np/m), and improves computation time to O(np2/m). Empirical study shows PSVM to be effective. PSVM Open Source is available for download at http://code.google.com/p/psvm/.
New Simple-Structured AC Solid-State Circuit Breaker

Recently, distributed generators and sensitive loads have been widely used. They enable a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB), which is an imperative device to get acceptable power quality of ac power grid systems. The existing ac SSCB composed of a silicon-controlled rectifier requires some auxiliary mechanical devices to achieve the reclosing operation before fault recovery. However, the new ac SSCB can achieve a quick breaking operation and then be reclosed with no auxiliary mechanical devices or complex control even under sustained short-circuit fault because the commutation capacitors are charged naturally without any complex control of main thyristors and auxiliary ones. The performance features of the proposed ac SSCB are verified through the experiment results of the short-circuit faults.