nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatially-sparse convolutional neural networks

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) perform well on problems such as handwriting recognition and image classification. However, the performance of the networks is often limited by budget and time constraints, particularly when trying to train deep networks. Motivated by the problem of online handwriting recognition, we developed a CNN for processing spatially-sparse inputs; a character drawn with a one-pixel wide pen on a high resolution grid looks like a sparse matrix. Taking advantage of the sparsity allowed us more efficiently to train and test large, deep CNNs. On the CASIA-OLHWDB1.1 dataset containing 3755 character classes we get a test error of 3.82%. Although pictures are not sparse, they can be thought of as sparse by adding padding. Applying a deep convolutional network using sparsity has resulted in a substantial reduction in test error on the CIFAR small picture datasets: 6.28% on CIFAR-10 and 24.30% for CIFAR-100.
Pediatric cerebral palsy in Africa: a systematic review.

Cerebral palsy is a common neurologic problem in children and is reported as occurring in approximately 2-2.5 of 1000 live births globally. As is the case with many pediatric neurologic conditions, very little has been reported on this condition in the African context. Resource-limited settings such as those found across the continent are likely to result in a different spectrum of etiologies, prevalence, severity as well as management approaches. This review aims to establish what has been reported on this condition from the African continent so as to better define key clinical and research questions.
Alterations in iris structure and pupil size related to alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists use: implications for floppy iris syndrome.

To evaluate structural alterations of iris and pupil diameters (PDs) in patients using systemic α-1-adrenergic receptor antagonists (α-1ARAs), which are associated with intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS).



Eighty-eight eyes of 49 male were evaluated prospectively. Patients were assigned to 2 different groups. Study group included 23 patients taking any systemic α-1ARAs treatment, and control group included 26 patients not taking any systemic α-1ARAs treatment. All patients underwent anterior segment optical coherence tomography to evaluate iris thickness at the dilator muscle region (DMR) and at the sphincter muscle region (SMR). The PD was measured using a computerized infrared pupillometer under scotopic and photopic illumination.



The study group included 46 eyes of 23 patients and the control group included 42 eyes of 26 patients. Most treated patients were on tamsulosin (16/23). Mean age was similar in the study and control groups (61.9±7.1 vs. 60.3±8, 2 years, nonsignificant). DMR (506.5±89.4 vs. 503.6±83.5 μm), SMR (507.8±78.1 vs. 522.1±96.4 μm) and the DMR/SMR ratio (1.0±0.15 vs. 0.99±0.23 μm) was similar in the study and control groups and these differences were nonsignificant. Scotopic PDs were also similar in both groups (3.99±1.11 vs. 3.74±1.35, nonsignificant). A significantly reduced photopic PD (2.89±0.55 vs. 3.62±0.64, P<0.001) and an increased scotopic/photopic PD (1.42±0.44 vs. 1.02±0.30, P<0.001) were found in the study group.



Evaluating PD alterations might be more useful than evaluating iris structural alterations in predicting IFIS. There is still a need for a reliable method that will determine the possibility of IFIS.
Design of a dual-band MIMO antenna for 5G smartphone application

A Dual-band MIMO antenna for the 5G communication is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of four antenna, it operating at 3300–3600 MHz and 4800–5000 MHz. The antenna designed in this letter are different from traditional 5G antennas, the antenna of this paper is perpendicular to the edge of the system circuit board, it can be applied to the popular full-screen mobile phone. According to the simulation results, reflection coefficient of the modulus is less than −6 dB, and the isolation is better than 12 dB over the band-frequency of 3300–3600 MHz and 4800–5000 MHz, it will met the needs of future 5G applications.
Secret Intelligence Service Room No . 15 Acting like a Tough Guy : Violent-Sexist Video Games , Identification with Game Characters , Masculine Beliefs , and Empathy for Female Violence Victims

Empathy—putting oneself in another’s shoes—has been described as the “social glue” that holds society together. This study investigates how exposure to sexist video games can decrease empathy for female violence victims. We hypothesized that playing violent-sexist video games would increase endorsement of masculine beliefs, especially among participants who highly identify with dominant and aggressive male game characters. We also hypothesized that the endorsement of masculine beliefs would reduce empathy toward female violence victims. Participants (N = 154) were randomly assigned to play a violent-sexist game, a violent-only game, or a non-violent game. After gameplay, measures of identification with the game character, traditional masculine beliefs, and empathy for female violence victims were assessed. We found that participants’ gender and their identification with the violent male video game character moderated the effects of the exposure to sexist-violent video games on masculine beliefs. Our results supported the prediction that playing violentsexist video games increases masculine beliefs, which occurred for male (but not female) participants who were highly identified with the game character. Masculine beliefs, in turn, negatively predicted empathic feelings for female violence victims. Overall, our study shows who is most affected by the exposure to sexist-violent video games, and why the effects occur.
Nonpharmacological treatments for patients with Parkinson's disease.

Since 2013, a number of studies have enhanced the literature and have guided clinicians on viable treatment interventions outside of pharmacotherapy and surgery. Thirty-three randomized controlled trials and one large observational study on exercise and physiotherapy were published in this period. Four randomized controlled trials focused on dance interventions, eight on treatment of cognition and behavior, two on occupational therapy, and two on speech and language therapy (the latter two specifically addressed dysphagia). Three randomized controlled trials focused on multidisciplinary care models, one study on telemedicine, and four studies on alternative interventions, including music therapy and mindfulness. These studies attest to the marked interest in these therapeutic approaches and the increasing evidence base that places nonpharmacological treatments firmly within the integrated repertoire of treatment options in Parkinson's disease.
The uL10 protein, a component of the ribosomal P-stalk, is released from the ribosome in nucleolar stress.

The ribosomal uL10 protein, formerly known as P0, is an essential element of the ribosomal GTPase-associated center responsible for the interplay with translational factors during various stages of protein synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, uL10 binds two P1/P2 protein heterodimers to form a pentameric P-stalk, described as uL10-(P1-P2)2, which represents the functional form of these proteins on translating ribosomes. Unlike most ribosomal proteins, which are incorporated into pre-ribosomal particles during early steps of ribosome biogenesis in the nucleus, P-stalk proteins are attached to the 60S subunit in the cytoplasm. Although the primary role of the P-stalk is related to the process of translation, other extraribosomal functions of its constituents have been proposed, especially for the uL10 protein; however, the list of its activities beyond the ribosome is still an open question. Here, by the combination of biochemical and advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques, we demonstrate that upon nucleolar stress induction the uL10 protein accumulates in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells as a free, ribosome-unbound protein. Importantly, using a novel approach, FRAP-AC (FRAP after photoConversion), we have shown that the ribosome-free pool of uL10 represents a population of proteins released from pre-existing ribosomes. Taken together, our data indicate that the presence of uL10 on the ribosomes is affected in stressed cells, thus it might be considered as a regulatory element responding to environmental fluctuations.
Emotion Intensities in Tweets

This paper examines the task of detecting intensity of emotion from text. We create the first datasets of tweets annotated for anger, fear, joy, and sadness intensities. We use a technique called best–worst scaling (BWS) that improves annotation consistency and obtains reliable fine-grained scores. We show that emotion-word hashtags often impact emotion intensity, usually conveying a more intense emotion. Finally, we create a benchmark regression system and conduct experiments to determine: which features are useful for detecting emotion intensity; and, the extent to which two emotions are similar in terms of how they manifest in language.
Applying Q ( λ )-learning in Deep Reinforcement Learning to Play Atari Games

In order to accelerate the learning process in high dimensional reinforcement learning problems, TD methods such as Q-learning and Sarsa are usually combined with eligibility traces. The recently introduced DQN (Deep Q-Network) algorithm, which is a combination of Q-learning with a deep neural network, has achieved good performance on several games in the Atari 2600 domain. However, the DQN training is very slow and requires too many time steps to converge. In this paper, we use the eligibility traces mechanism and propose the deep Q(λ) network algorithm. The proposed method provides faster learning in comparison with the DQN method. Empirical results on a range of games show that the deep Q(λ) network significantly reduces learning time.
System-Level Non-interference of Constant-Time Cryptography. Part I: Model

This work focuses on the study of constant-time implementations; giving formal guarantees that such implementations are protected against cache-based timing attacks in virtualized platforms where their supporting operating system executes concurrently with other, potentially malicious, operating systems. We develop a model of virtualization that accounts for virtual addresses, physical and machine addresses, memory mappings, page tables, translation lookaside buffer, and cache; and provides an operational semantics for a representative set of actions, including reads and writes, allocation and deallocation, context switching, and hypercalls. We prove a non-interference result on the model that shows that an adversary cannot discover secret information using cache side-channels, from a constant-time victim.
Design considerations for a limited-angle, dedicated breast, TOF PET scanner

Development of partial ring, dedicated breast PET scanners is an active area of research. Due to the limited angular coverage, generation of distortion and artifact free, fully 3D tomographic images is not possible without rotation of the detectors. With TOF information it is possible to achieve the 3D tomographic images with limited angular coverage and without detector rotation. We performed simulations for a breast scanner design with a ring diameter and axial length of 15-cm and comprising of a Full (180 degree in-plane angular coverage), 2/3 (120 degree in-plane angular coverage), or 1/2 (90 degree in-plane angular coverage) ring detector. Our results show that as the angular coverage decreases, improved timing resolution is needed to achieve distortion and artifact-free images. The CRC value for small hot lesions is similar in these situations to a Full ring Non-TOF scanner. Our results indicate that for this geometry a timing resolution of 600 ps or better is needed for a 2/3 ring scanner, while a timing resolution of 300 ps or better is needed for a 1/2 ring scanner. The hot lesion SNR values are similar to the expected sensitivity improvement arising from TOF reconstruction and the loss in sensitivity due to reduced geometric sensitivity in a limited angle coverage PET scanner. In particular, it is possible to maintain similar SNR characteristic in a 2/3 ring scanner with a timing resolution of 300 ps as in a full ring Non-TOF scanner.
Simulation Tools and Techniques for Vehicular Communications and Applications

In the domain of Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC), even though first field operational tests are already going on, performance evaluation is still dominated by simulation experiments. Yet, they require a very specific methodology as well as adapted tools and models not straightforwardly found in other domains. In this chapter, we first describe the required methodology in terms of scalability and applicability to select the right models and their interactions. In particular, we classify each class of models as in increasing level of granularity, and discuss in details the trade-off between scalability and applicability typical to IVC simulations. We then introduce some of the most widely used and openly available simulation frameworks applicable to the domain of IVC, and emphasize their capabilities related to the required methodology. In particular, we present the IVC simulation toolkits Veins, iTETRIS, and VSimRTI, three prominent simulation platforms openly available for IVC simulations. To provide guidelines for efficient and scalable simulations of IVC applications, we discuss the appropriate selection of models and their level of granularity as function of the IVC application requirements, and provide an overview of their corresponding support in each of toolkit. Christoph Sommer, Falko Dressler CCS Group,  France e-mail: {haerri,hrizi}@eurecom.fr Björn Schünemann OKS / Daimler Center for Automotive IT Innovations, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany e-mail: bjoern.schuenemann@dcaiti.com
Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages

AbstractThe Ainu, a minority ethnic group from the northernmost island of Japan, was investigated for DNA polymorphisms both from maternal (mitochondrial DNA) and paternal (Y chromosome) lineages extensively. Other Asian populations inhabiting North, East, and Southeast Asia were also examined for detailed phylogeographic analyses at the mtDNA sequence type as well as Y-haplogroup levels. The maternal and paternal gene pools of the Ainu contained 25 mtDNA sequence types and three Y-haplogroups, respectively. Eleven of the 25 mtDNA sequence types were unique to the Ainu and accounted for over 50% of the population, whereas 14 were widely distributed among other Asian populations. Of the 14 shared types, the most frequently shared type was found in common among the Ainu, Nivkhi in northern Sakhalin, and Koryaks in the Kamchatka Peninsula. Moreover, analysis of genetic distances calculated from the mtDNA data revealed that the Ainu seemed to be related to both the Nivkhi and other Japanese populations (such as mainland Japanese and Okinawans) at the population level. On the paternal side, the vast majority (87.5%) of the Ainu exhibited the Asian-specific YAP+ lineages (Y-haplogroups D-M55* and D-M125), which were distributed only in the Japanese Archipelago in this analysis. On the other hand, the Ainu exhibited no other Y-haplogroups (C-M8, O-M175*, and O-M122*) common in mainland Japanese and Okinawans. It is noteworthy that the rest of the Ainu gene pool was occupied by the paternal lineage (Y-haplogroup C-M217*) from North Asia including Sakhalin. Thus, the present findings suggest that the Ainu retain a certain degree of their own genetic uniqueness, while having higher genetic affinities with other regional populations in Japan and the Nivkhi among Asian populations.
Noise and vibration reduction for IPMSM by using rotor circumferential slits

In this paper, rotor slits on the rotor's outer circumference is adopted to reduce certain harmonic components of radial forces and, hence, acoustic noise and vibration in an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM). The 48th order of harmonic component for the radial force is found to be responsible for the noise and vibration problem in the studied motor. For this purpose, the influential natural frequencies, speed range, and order of harmonic components for radial force are analyzed in a systematic way. A set of design procedures is formulated to find the proper locations for the slits circumferentially. Two base designs have been identified in electromagnetic analysis to reduce the radial force component and, hence, vibration. The features for both base models are combined to create a hybridized model. Then, the operating conditions, such as speed, current, and excitation angle are investigated on the hybridized model, in the high-dimensional analysis. At influential speed region, the hybridized model achieved up to 70% drop of 48th order harmonic for radial force in a wide operating range, and the highest drop goes up to 82.5%. Torque drop in the influential speed ranges from 2.5% to 5%.
Finding Motifs in Time Series

The problem of efficiently locating previously known patterns in a time series database (i.e., query by content) has received much attention and may now largely be regarded as a solved problem. However, from a knowledge discovery viewpoint, a more interesting problem is the enumeration of previously unknown, frequently occurring patterns. We call such patterns “motifs,” because of their close analogy to their discrete counterparts in computation biology. An efficient motif discovery algorithm for time series would be useful as a tool for summarizing and visualizing massive time series databases. In addition, it could be used as a subroutine in various other data mining tasks, including the discovery of association rules, clustering and classification. In this work we carefully motivate, then introduce, a non-trivial definition of time series motifs. We propose an efficient algorithm to discover them, and we demonstrate the utility and efficiency of our approach on several real world datasets.
Giant nevus sebaceus: definition, surgical techniques, and rationale for treatment.

A reduction in the reported incidence of malignant degeneration within nevus sebaceus has led many physicians to recommend serial clinical evaluation and biopsy of suspicious areas rather than prophylactic surgical excision. Unfortunately, no well-defined inclusion criteria, including lesion size and location, have been described for the management of nevus sebaceus.



To assess whether the incidence or timing of malignant degeneration contraindicates surgical excision, the authors performed a PubMed literature search for any studies, excluding case reports, related to malignant change within nevus sebaceus since 1990. They then defined giant nevus sebaceus to consist of lesions greater than 20 cm or greater than 1 percent of the total body surface area and retrospectively examined their experience and outcomes treating giant nevus sebaceus.



Data were pooled from six large retrospective institutional studies (2520 patients). The cumulative incidence of benign and malignant tumors was 6.1 and 0.5 percent, respectively. Of the authors' 195 patients with giant congenital nevi, only six (3.0 percent) met the definition of giant nevus sebaceus. All patients required tissue expansion for reconstruction, and two patients required concomitant skin grafting. Two complications required operative intervention.



Early malignant degeneration within nevus sebaceus is rare. Management, however, must account for complex monitoring, particularly for lesions within the scalp, associated alopecia, involvement of multiple facial aesthetic subunits, and postpubertal transformation affecting both appearance and monitoring of the lesions. The latter considerations, rather than the reported incidence of malignant transformation, should form the bases for surgical intervention in giant nevus sebaceus.



Therapeutic, V.
An In-Situ Study of Mobile App & Mobile Search Interactions

When trying to satisfy an information need, smartphone users frequently transition from mobile search engines to mobile apps and vice versa. However, little is known about the nature of these transitions nor how mobile search and mobile apps interact. We report on a 2-week, mixed-method study involving 18 Android users, where we collected real-world mobile search and mobile app usage data alongside subjective insights on why certain interactions between apps and mobile search occur. Our results show that when people engage with mobile search they tend to interact with more mobile apps and for longer durations. We found that certain categories of apps are used more intensely alongside mobile search. Furthermore we found differences in app usage before and after mobile search and show how mobile app interactions can both prompt mobile search and enable users to take action. We conclude with a discussion on what these patterns mean for mobile search and how we might design mobile search experiences that take these app interactions into account.
GLAC Net: GLocal Attention Cascading Networks for Multi-image Cued Story Generation

The task of multi-image cued story generation, such as visual storytelling dataset (VIST) challenge, is to compose multiple coherent sentences from a given sequence of images. The main difficulty is how to generate imagespecific sentences within the context of overall images. Here we propose a deep learning network model, GLAC Net, that generates visual stories by combining global-local (glocal) attention and context cascading mechanisms. The model incorporates two levels of attention, i.e., overall encoding level and image feature level, to construct image-dependent sentences. While standard attention configuration needs a large number of parameters, the GLAC Net implements them in a very simple way via hard connections from the outputs of encoders or image features onto the sentence generators. The coherency of the generated story is further improved by conveying (cascading) the information of the previous sentence to the next sentence serially. We evaluate the performance of the GLAC Net on the visual storytelling dataset (VIST) and achieve very competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art techniques. Our code and pre-trained models are available here1.
A stretchable and screen-printed electrochemical sensor for glucose determination in human perspiration.

Here we present two types of all-printable, highly stretchable, and inexpensive devices based on platinum (Pt)-decorated graphite for glucose determination in physiological fluids. Said devices are: a non-enzymatic sensor and an enzymatic biosensor, the latter showing promising results. Glucose has been quantified by measuring hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduction by chronoamperometry at -0.35V (vs pseudo-Ag/AgCl) using glucose oxidase immobilized on Pt-decorated graphite. The sensor performs well for the quantification of glucose in phosphate buffer solution (0.25M PBS, pH 7.0), with a linear range between 0 mM and 0.9mM, high sensitivity and selectivity, and a low limit of detection (LOD). Thus, it provides an alternative non-invasive and on-body quantification of glucose levels in human perspiration. This biosensor has been successfully applied on real human perspiration samples and results also show a significant correlation between glucose concentration in perspiration and glucose concentration in blood measured by a commercial glucose meter.