nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A one-pot system for production of l-2-aminobutyric acid from l-threonine by l-threonine deaminase and a NADH-regeneration system based on l-leucine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase

l-2-Aminobutyric acid (l-ABA) is an unnatural amino acid that is a key intermediate for the synthesis of several important drugs. It can be produced by transaminase or dehydrogenase from α-ketobutyric acid, which can be synthesized enzymatically from the bulk amino acid, l-threonine. Deamination of l-threonine followed by a hydrogenation reaction gave almost the theoretical yield and was estimated to be more cost-effective than the established chemical process. l-Threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli, l-leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus cereus, and formate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp. were over-expressed in E. coli and used for one-pot production of l-ABA with formate as a co-substrate for NADH regeneration. 30 mol l-threonine were converted to 29.2 mol l-ABA at 97.3 % of theoretical yield and with productivity of 6.37 g l−1 h−1 at 50 l. This process offers a promising approach to fulfil industrial requirements for l-ABA.
Using pseudo-senses for improving the extraction of synonyms from word embeddings

The methods proposed recently for specializing word embeddings according to a particular perspective generally rely on external knowledge. In this article, we propose Pseudofit, a new method for specializing word embeddings according to semantic similarity without any external knowledge. Pseudofit exploits the notion of pseudo-sense for building several representations for each word and uses these representations for making the initial embeddings more generic. We illustrate the interest of Pseudofit for acquiring synonyms and study several variants of Pseudofit according to this perspective.
Star-causality and factor analysis: old stories and new perspectives

Advances in causal discovery from data are becoming a widespread topic in machine learning these recent years. In this paper, studies on conditional independence-based causality are briefly reviewed along a line of observable two-variable, three-variable, star decomposable, and tree decomposable, as well as their relationship to factor analysis. Then, developments along this line are further addressed from three perspectives with a number of issues, especially on learning approximate star decomposable, and tree decomposable, as well as their generalisations to block star-causality analysis on factor analysis and block tree decomposable analysis on linear causal model.
Integration of Microstrip Patch Antenna With Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell

The implementation of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell as a microwave groundplane in a low-profile, reduced-footprint microstrip patch antenna design for autonomous communication applications is reported. The effects on the antenna/solar performances due to the integration, different electrical conductivities in the silicon layer and variation in incident light intensity are investigated. The antenna sensitivity to the orientation of the anisotropic solar cell geometry is discussed.
Internet delivered diabetes self-management education: a review.

Diabetes self-management education is a cornerstone of successful diabetes management. Various methods have been used to reach the increasing numbers of patients with diabetes, including Internet-based education. The purpose of this article is to review various delivery methods of Internet diabetes education that have been evaluated, as well as their effectiveness in improving diabetes-related outcomes.



Literature was identified in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science databases through searches using the following terms: "type 2 diabetes AND internet/web based AND education" and "type 2 diabetes AND diabetes self-management education (DSME) AND web-based/internet OR technology assisted education." The search was limited to English language articles published in the last 10 years. The search yielded 111 articles; of these, 14 met criteria for inclusion in this review. Nine studies were randomized controlled trials, and study lengths varied from 2 weeks to 24 months, for a total of 2,802 participants.



DSME delivered via the Internet is effective at improving measures of glycemic control and diabetes knowledge compared with usual care. In addition, results demonstrate that improved eating habits and increased attendance at clinic appointments occur after the online DSME, although engagement and usage of Internet materials waned over time. Interventions that included an element of interaction with healthcare providers were seen as attractive to participants.



Internet-delivered diabetes education has the added benefit of easier access for many individuals, and patients can self-pace themselves through materials. More research on the cost-benefits of Internet diabetes education and best methods to maintain patient engagement are needed, along with more studies assessing the long-term impact of Internet-delivered DSME.
Product codebook feedback for massive MIMO with cross-polarized 2D antenna arrays

Massive MIMO involves the use of large scale antenna arrays for high-gain adaptive beamforming and high-order spatial multiplexing. An important design challenge in Massive MIMO systems is the acquisition of channel state information at the transmit array, where accurate channel knowledge is critical for obtaining the best performance with Multi-User MIMO transmission on the downlink. In this paper, we explore the use of a product codebook feedback methodology for two-dimensional antenna arrays where the codebook feedback strategy is decomposed into two separate feedback processes, one for azimuth and one for elevation. We specifically address the case where the transmit array consists of cross-polarized antennas and show how two separate codebook feedback processes can reduce reference signal overhead and simplify the mobile complexity while providing significant gains in performance over existing LTE configurations.
AN EFFICIENT APPROACH FOR SEMANTICALLY - ENHANCED DOCUMENT CLUSTERING BY USING WIKIPEDIA LINK STRUCTURE

Traditional techniques of document clustering do not consider the semantic relationships between words when assigning documents to clusters. For instance, if two documents talking about the same topic do that using different words (which may be synonyms or semantically associated), these techniques may assign documents to different clusters. Previous research has approached this problem by enriching the document representation with the background knowledge in an ontology. This paper presents a new approach to enhance document clustering by exploiting the semantic knowledge contained in Wikipedia. We first map terms within documents to their corresponding Wikipedia concepts. Then, similarity between each pair of terms is calculated by using the Wikipedia's link structure. The document’s vector representation is then adjusted so that terms that are semantically related gain more weight. Our approach differs from related efforts in two aspects: first, unlink others who built their own methods of measuring similarity through the Wikipedia categories; our approach uses a similarity measure that is modelled after the Normalized Google Distance which is a well-known and low-cost method of measuring term similarity. Second, it is more time efficient as it applies an algorithm for phrase extraction from documents prior to matching terms with Wikipedia. Our approach was evaluated by being compared with different methods from the state of the art on two different datasets. Empirical results showed that our approach improved the clustering results as compared to other approaches.
Smart Transmitters and Receivers for Underwater Free-Space Optical Communication

The number of unmanned vehicles and devices deployed underwater is increasing. New communication systems and networking protocols are required to handle this growth. Underwater free-space optical communication is poised to augment acoustic communication underwater, especially for short-range, mobile, multi-user environments in future underwater systems. Existing systems are typically point-to-point links with strict pointing and tracking requirements. In this paper we demonstrate compact smart transmitters and receivers for underwater free-space optical communications. The receivers have segmented wide field of view and are capable of estimating angle of arrival of signals. The transmitters are highly directional with individually addressable LEDs for electronic switched beamsteering, and are capable of estimating water quality from its backscattered light collected by its co-located receiver. Together they form enabling technologies for non-traditional networking schemes in swarms of unmanned vehicles underwater.
Shift: a technique for operating pen-based interfaces using touch

Retrieving the stylus of a pen-based device takes time and requires a second hand. Especially for short intermittent interactions many users therefore choose to use their bare fingers. Although convenient, this increases targeting times and error rates. We argue that the main reasons are the occlusion of the target by the user's finger and ambiguity about which part of the finger defines the selection point. We propose a pointing technique we call Shift that is designed to address these issues. When the user touches the screen, Shift creates a callout showing a copy of the occluded screen area and places it in a non-occluded location. The callout also shows a pointer representing the selection point of the finger. Using this visual feedback, users guide the pointer into the target by moving their finger on the screen surface and commit the target acquisition by lifting the finger. Unlike existing techniques, Shift is only invoked when necessary--over large targets no callout is created and users enjoy the full performance of an unaltered touch screen. We report the results of a user study showing that with Shift participants can select small targets with much lower error rates than an unaided touch screen and that Shift is faster than Offset Cursor for larger targets.
Feasibility of drug screening with panels of human tumor cell lines using a microculture tetrazolium assay.

For the past 30 years strategies for the preclinical discovery and development of potential anticancer agents have been based largely upon the testing of agents in mice bearing transplantable leukemias and solid tumors derived from a limited number of murine as well as human sources. The feasibility of implementing an alternate approach, namely combined in vitro/in vivo screening for selective cytotoxicity among panels of human tumor cell lines derived from a broad spectrum of human solid tumors is under investigation. A group of 30 cell lines acquired from a variety of sources and representing 8 lung cancer pathologies as well as 76 cell lines representing 10 other categories of human cancer (carcinomas of colon, breast, kidney, prostate, ovary, head and neck; glioma; leukemia; melanoma; and sarcoma) have exhibited acceptable growth characteristics and suitable colorimetric profiles in a single, standard culture medium. Measurements of in vitro growth in microculture wells by cell-mediated reduction of tetrazolium showed excellent correlation (0.89 less than r2 less than 0.98) with measurements of cellular protein in adherent cell line cultures as well as viable cell count in suspension cell line cultures (0.94 less than r2 less than 0.99). Since the microculture tetrazolium assay provides sensitive and reproducible indices of growth as well as drug sensitivity in individual cell lines over the course of multiple passages and several months' cultivation, it appears suitable for initial-stage in vitro drug screening.
Contextual QR Codes

QR codes (2D barcodes) are used to encode and decode data at a rapid rate. Using camera phones to read two dimensional barcodes for various purposes is currently a popular topic in both research and in practical applications. But until now, the information provided by QR codes was solely static. What you see is exactly what was encoded. This paper proposes the notion of contextual QR codes that merge a public QR code and private information, in order to provide data related to a particular context. For example, a public tag <Hello> will be decoded and translated into ldquoGood evening John Smithrdquo or ldquoBonjour Jean Dupondrdquo, if the system is able to obtain data such as the name of the user, the language used on the machine (English or French for instance) and the moment when the interaction takes place.
- 1-Solving Geometric Problems with the Rotating Calipers *

Shamos  recently showed that the diameter of a convex n-sided polygon could be computed in O(n) time using a very elegant and simple procedure which resembles rotating a set of calipers around the polygon once. In this paper we show that this simple idea can be generalized in two ways: several sets of calipers can be used simultaneously on one convex polygon, or one set of calipers can be used on several convex polygons simultaneously. We then show that these generalizations allow us to obtain simple O(n) algorithms for solving a variety of problems defined on convex polygons. Such problems include (1) finding the minimum-area rectangle enclosing a polygon, (2) computing the maximum distance between two polygons, (3) performing the vector-sum of two polygons, (4) merging polygons in a convex hull finding algorithms, and (5) finding the critical support lines between two polygons. Finding the critical support lines, in turn, leads to obtaining solutions to several additional problems concerned with visibility, collision, avoidance, range fitting, linear separability, and computing the Grenander distance between sets.
ROS signalling in the biology of cancer.

Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been detected in various cancers and has been shown to have several roles, for example, they can activate pro-tumourigenic signalling, enhance cell survival and proliferation, and drive DNA damage and genetic instability. Counterintuitively ROS can also promote anti-tumourigenic signalling, initiating oxidative stress-induced tumour cell death. Tumour cells express elevated levels of antioxidant proteins to detoxify elevated ROS levels, establish a redox balance, while maintaining pro-tumourigenic signalling and resistance to apoptosis. Tumour cells have an altered redox balance to that of their normal counterparts and this identifies ROS manipulation as a potential target for cancer therapies. This review discusses the generation and sources of ROS within tumour cells, the regulation of ROS by antioxidant defence systems, as well as the effect of elevated ROS production on their signalling targets in cancer. It also provides an insight into how pro- and anti-tumourigenic ROS signalling pathways could be manipulated in the treatment of cancer.
Inverse Reinforcement Learning through Policy Gradient Minimization

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) deals with the problem of recovering the reward function optimized by an expert given a set of demonstrations of the expert’s policy. Most IRL algorithms need to repeatedly compute the optimal policy for different reward functions. This paper proposes a new IRL approach that allows to recover the reward function without the need of solving any “direct” RL problem. The idea is to find the reward function that minimizes the gradient of a parameterized representation of the expert’s policy. In particular, when the reward function can be represented as a linear combination of some basis functions, we will show that the aforementioned optimization problem can be efficiently solved. We present an empirical evaluation of the proposed approach on a multidimensional version of the Linear-Quadratic Regulator (LQR) both in the case where the parameters of the expert’s policy are known and in the (more realistic) case where the parameters of the expert’s policy need to be inferred from the expert’s demonstrations. Finally, the algorithm is compared against the state-of-the-art on the mountain car domain, where the expert’s policy is unknown.
Work stress among nursing home care attendants in Taiwan: a questionnaire survey.

Care attendants constitute the main workforce in nursing homes, but their heavy workload, low autonomy, and indefinite responsibility result in high levels of stress and may affect quality of care. However, few studies have focused of this problem.



The aim of this study was to examine work-related stress and associated factors that affect care attendants in nursing homes and to offer suggestions for how management can alleviate these problems in care facilities.



We recruited participants from nine nursing homes with 50 or more beds located in middle Taiwan; 110 care attendants completed the questionnaire. The work stress scale for the care attendants was validated and achieved good reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.93). We also conducted exploratory factor analysis.



Six factors were extracted from the work stress scale: insufficient ability, stressful reactions, heavy workload, trouble in care work, poor management, and working time problems. The explained variance achieved 64.96%. Factors related to higher work stress included working in a hospital-based nursing home, having a fixed schedule, night work, feeling burden, inconvenient facility, less enthusiasm, and self-rated higher stress.



Work stress for care attendants in nursing homes is related to human resource management and quality of care. We suggest potential management strategies to alleviate work stress for these workers.
Design of scalable directory service for future IoT applications

Unprecedentedly a massive number of devices are getting connected in the coming era of the Internet of Things (IoT). For discovery, remote access and management of these IoT devices, an IoT directory service is needed to store and provide their various attributes such as location, generated data types, owner's name, and security keys. In this paper, we present the architectural design of the IoT directory service that is capable to store a huge number of heterogeneous records and provide fast lookup (latency of few milliseconds) and dynamic update (latency of few seconds), while fully complying with owner- or user-centric security and privacy policy. To meet the performance requirements despite fluctuations in the workload and networking environment, we leverage tools of network function and resource virtualization to dynamically allocate and adjust the computational and network resources assigned to the directory service.
Construction of learning objects with Augmented Reality: An experience in secondary education

One of the technologies that has been showing possibilities of application in educational environments is the Augmented Reality (AR), in addition to its application to other fields such as tourism, advertising, video games, among others. The present article shows the results of an experiment carried out at the National University of Colombia, with the design and construction of augmented learning objects for the seventh and eighth grades of secondary education, which were tested and evaluated by students of a school in the department of Caldas. The study confirms the potential of this technology to support educational processes represented in the creation of digital resources for mobile devices. The development of learning objects in AR for mobile devices can support teachers in the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the teaching-learning processes.
Lean Software Development

Lean deveLopment is a product development paradigm with an endto-end focus on creating value for the customer, eliminating waste, optimizing value streams, empowering people, and continuously improving . Lean thinking has penetrated many industries. It was first used in manufacturing, with clear goals to empower teams, reduce waste, optimize work streams, and above all keep market and customer needs as the primary decision driver.2 This IEEE Software special issue addresses lean software development as opposed to management or manufacturing theories. In that context, we sought to address some key questions: What design principles deliver value, and how are they introduced to best manage change?
Photolon™ --photosensitization induces apoptosis via ROS-mediated cross-talk between mitochondria and lysosomes.

The localization of photosensitizers in the subcellular compartments during photodynamic therapy (PDT) plays a major role in the cell destruction; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the intracellular localization of Chlorin e6-PVP (Photolon™) in malignant and normal cells. Our study involves the characterization of the structural determinants of subcellular localization of Photolon, and how subcellular localization affects the selective toxicity of Photolon towards tumor cells. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescent organelle probes; we examined the subcellular localization of Photolon™ in the murine colon carcinoma CT-26 and normal fibroblast (NHLC) cells. Our results demonstrated that after 30 min of incubation, the distribution of Photolon was localized mainly in the cytoplasmic organelles including the mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, around the nuclear envelope and also in the nucleus but not in the endo-plasmic reticulum whereas in NHLC cells, Photolon was found to be localized minimally only in the nucleus not in other organelles studied. The relationship between subcellular localization of Photolon and PDT-induced apoptosis was investigated. Apoptotic cell death was judged by the formation of known apoptotic hallmarks including, the phosphatidylserine externalization (PS), PARP cleavage, a substrate for caspase-3 and the formation of apoptotic nuclei. At the irradiation dose of 1 J/cm2, the percentage of apoptotic cells was 80%, respectively. This study provided substantial evidence that Photolon preferentially localized in the subcellular organelles in the following order: nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus and subsequent photodamage of the mitochondria and lyso-somes played an important role in PDT-mediated apoptosis CT-26 cells. Our results based on the cytoplasmic organelles and the intranuclear localization extensively enhance the efficacy of PDT with appropriate photosensitizer and light dose and support the idea that PDT can contribute to elimination of malignant cells by inducing apoptosis, which is of physiological significance.
Predictive phase locked loop for sensorless control of PMSG based variable-speed wind turbines

In this work, a new predictive phase-locked loop (PLL) for encoderless control of a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) in a variable-speed wind energy conversion system (WECS) is presented. The idea of the predictive PLL is derived from the direct-model predictive control (DMPC) principle. The predictive PLL uses a limited (discretized) number of rotor-angles for predicting/estimating the back-electromotive-force (BEMF) of the PMSG. subsequently, that predicted angle, which optimizes a pre-defined quality function, is chosen to become the best rotor-angle/position. Accordingly, the fixed gain proportional integral (FGPI) regulator that is normally used in PLLs is eliminated. The performance of the predictive PLL is validated experimentally and compared with that of the traditional one under various operating scenarios and under variations of the PMSG parameters.