nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Consumer Purchasing Behavior in Social Shopping Communities with Clickstream Data

Social shopping communities (SSCs) evolve from a linkage of social networking and online shopping. Apart from direct shopping features in shopbots (e.g., search fields), SSCs additionally offer user-generated social shopping features. These include recommendation lists, ratings, styles (i.e., assortments arranged by users), tags, and user profiles. Purchases can be made by following a link to a participating online shop (“clickout”). SSCs are experiencing high growth rates in consumer popularity (e.g., Polyvore attracts more than 6 million unique visitors per month). Thus, this business model has received considerable venture capital in recent years. By analyzing clickstream data, we investigate which factors, especially social shopping features, are significant for predicting purchasing behavior within SSCs. Our logit model includes about 2.73 million visiting sessions and shows that social shopping features exert a significant impact, both positive and negative. Tags and high ratings have a positive impact on a click-out. In contrast, the more lists and styles used, the less likely the user is to make a click-out. Yet, lists and styles seem to enhance site stickiness and browsing. Moreover, the more direct shopping features that are used, the less likely the user is to conduct a click-out. Increasing transaction costs and information overload could be potential reasons. We also found that community members are more likely to make a click-out than ordinary users. This implies that community members are more profitable.
Image melding: combining inconsistent images using patch-based synthesis

Current methods for combining two different images produce visible artifacts when the sources have very different textures and structures. We present a new method for synthesizing a transition region between two source images, such that inconsistent color, texture, and structural properties all change gradually from one source to the other. We call this process image melding. Our method builds upon a patch-based optimization foundation with three key generalizations: First, we enrich the patch search space with additional geometric and photometric transformations. Second, we integrate image gradients into the patch representation and replace the usual color averaging with a screened Poisson equation solver. And third, we propose a new energy based on mixed L2/L0 norms for colors and gradients that produces a gradual transition between sources without sacrificing texture sharpness. Together, all three generalizations enable patch-based solutions to a broad class of image melding problems involving inconsistent sources: object cloning, stitching challenging panoramas, hole filling from multiple photos, and image harmonization. In several cases, our unified method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods specifically designed for those applications.
Object-Oriented Modeling and Coordination of Mobile Robots

Nowadays, industrial robots play an important role automating recurring manufacturing tasks. New trends towards Smart Factory and Industry 4.0 however take a more productdriven approach and demand for more flexibility of the robotic systems. When a varying order of processing steps is required, intra-factory logistics has to cope with the new challenges. To achieve this flexibility, mobile robots can be used for transporting goods, or even mobile manipulators consisting of a mobile platform and a robot arm for independently grasping work pieces and manipulating them while in motion. Working with mobile robots however poses new challenges that did not yet occur for industrial manipulators: First, mobile robots have a greater position inaccuracy and typically work in not fully structured environments, requiring to interpret sensor data and to more often react to events from the environment. Furthermore, independent mobile robots introduce the aspect of distribution. For mobile manipulators, an additional challenge arises from the combination of platform and arm, where platform and arm, but also sensors have to be coordinated to achieve the desired behavior. The main contribution of this work is an approach that allows the object-oriented modeling and coordination of mobile robots, supporting the cooperation of mobile manipulators. Within a mobile manipulator, the approach allows to define real-time reactions to sensor data and to synchronize the different actuators and sensors present, allowing sensor-aware combinations of motions for platform and arm. Moreover, the approach facilitates an easy way of programming, provides means to handle kinematic restrictions or redundancy, and supports advanced capabilities such as impedance control to mitigate position uncertainty. Working with multiple independent mobile robots, each has a different knowledge about its environment, based on the available sensors. These different views are modeled, allowing consistent coordination of robots in applications using the data available on each robot. To cope with geometric uncertainty, sensors are modeled and the relationship between their measurements and geometric aspects is defined. Based on these definitions and incoming sensor data, position estimates are automatically derived. Additionally, the more dynamic environment leads to different possible outcomes of task execution. These are explicitly modeled and can be used to define reactive behavior. The approach was successfully evaluated based on two application examples, ranging from physical interaction between two mobile manipulators handing over a work-piece to gesture control of a quadcopter for carrying goods.
Urban Stormwater Runoff: A New Class of Environmental Flow Problem

Environmental flow assessment frameworks have begun to consider changes to flow regimes resulting from land-use change. Urban stormwater runoff, which degrades streams through altered volume, pattern and quality of flow, presents a problem that challenges dominant approaches to stormwater and water resource management, and to environmental flow assessment. We used evidence of ecological response to different stormwater drainage systems to develop methods for input to environmental flow assessment. We identified the nature of hydrologic change resulting from conventional urban stormwater runoff, and the mechanisms by which such hydrologic change is prevented in streams where ecological condition has been protected. We also quantified the increase in total volume resulting from urban stormwater runoff, by comparing annual streamflow volumes from undeveloped catchments with the volumes that would run off impervious surfaces under the same rainfall regimes. In catchments with as little as 5-10% total imperviousness, conventional stormwater drainage, associated with poor in-stream ecological condition, reduces contributions to baseflows and increases the frequency and magnitude of storm flows, but in similarly impervious catchments in which streams retain good ecological condition, informal drainage to forested hillslopes, without a direct piped discharge to the stream, results in little such hydrologic change. In urbanized catchments, dispersed urban stormwater retention measures can potentially protect urban stream ecosystems by mimicking the hydrologic effects of informal drainage, if sufficient water is harvested and kept out of the stream, and if discharged water is treated to a suitable quality. Urban stormwater is a new class of environmental flow problem: one that requires reduction of a large excess volume of water to maintain riverine ecological integrity. It is the best type of problem, because solving it provides an opportunity to solve other problems such as the provision of water for human use.
Low-Complexity Learning for Dynamic Spectrum Access in Multi-User Multi-Channel Networks

In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), dynamic spectrum access allows (unlicensed) users to identify and access unused channels opportunistically, thus improves spectrum utility. In this paper, we address the user-channel allocation problem in multi-user multi-channel CRNs without a prior knowledge of channel statistics. A reward of a channel is stochastic with unknown distribution, and statistically different for each user. Each user either explores a channel to learn the channel statistics, or exploits the channel with the highest expected reward based on information collected so far. Further, a channel should be accessed exclusively by one user at a time due to a collision. Using multi-armed bandit framework, we develop a provably efficient solution whose computational complexity is linear to the number of users and channels.
Classical Conditioning of Preferences for Stimuli *

Several authors have recently discussed the implications of classical condittoning tor consumer behavior (e.g., McSweeney and Bierley 1984; Nord and Peter 1980). However, little wnpirical evidence actually shows that classicaJ conditioning can alter behaviors that are of interest to consumer research. The present experiment provides some initial evidence that it can. in this experiment, preference ratings for stimuli that predicted pleasant music were significantly greater than preference ratings for stimuli that predicted the absence of music. These preferences also generalized to other stimuli that resembled the ones actually used.
Coaxial capacitive voltage divider with high division ratio for high voltage pulses with very fast rise times

In this paper, a capacitive voltage divider with a high division ratio of >1∶1000 based on a high voltage coaxial cable and discrete foil capacitors mounted around the cable is investigated. The divider is designed for high voltage pulses up to 200 kV and has a relatively simple and robust design. For the presented voltage divider a circuit model is presented, which is also validated by measurements using a impedance analyzer and by comparisons with HV standard voltage probes.
A Wideband Compact Parallel-Strip 180 Wilkinson Power Divider for Push – Pull Circuitries

A Wilkinson power divider with a differential output implemented in parallel-strip-line (PSL) is proposed. Taking full advantages of the PSL technology and a three-stage cascaded design, more than 170% impedance and isolation bandwidths are obtained. Inherent to the PSL structure, the 180 differential output is frequency-independent. A class-B push–pull power amplifier employing the devised concept is designed, showing a peak efficiency of 44% over a 4-GHz bandwidth. Without exploiting any extra and external low-pass filters, the proposed design can produce startling second-harmonic suppressions (more than 50 dB) over the whole working dynamics and operated bandwidth.
A.I for Games with High Branching Factor

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is a heuristic search method that is used to efficiently search decision trees. The method is particularly efficient in searching trees with a high branching factor. MCTS has a number of advantages over traditional tree search algorithms like simplicity, adaptability etc. This paper is a study of existing literature on different types of MCTS, specifically on using Genetic Algorithms with MCTS. It studies the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, and applies an enhanced variant to Gomoku, a board game with a high branching factor.
Design Space Exploration of FinFETs with Double Fin Heights for Standard Cell Library

This paper proposes a method to explore the design space of FinFETs with double fin heights. Our study shows that if one fin height is sufficiently larger than the other and the greatest common divisor of their equivalent transistor widths is small, the fin height pair will incur less width quantization effect and lead to better area efficiency. We design a standard cell library based on this technology using a tailored FreePDK15. With respect to a standard cell library designed with FreePDK15, about 86% of the cells designed with FinFETs of double fin heights have a smaller delay and 54% of the cells take a smaller area. We also demonstrate the advantages of FinFETs with double fin heights through chip designs using our cell library.
Staging for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma as a predictor of sentinel lymph node biopsy results: meta-analysis of American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria and a proposed alternative system.

The appropriate clinical setting for the application of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in the management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is not well characterized. Numerous case reports and case series examine SLNB findings in patients who were considered to have high-risk cSCC, but no randomized clinical trials have been performed.



To analyze which stages in the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria and a recently proposed alternative staging system are most closely associated with positive SLNB findings in nonanogenital cSCC.



Medical literature review and case data extraction from private and institutional practices to identify patients with nonanogenital cSCC who underwent SLNB. Patients were eligible if sufficient tumor characteristics were available to classify tumors according to AJCC staging criteria and a proposed alternative staging system. One hundred thirty patients had sufficient data for AJCC staging, whereas 117 had sufficient data for the alternative system.



Nonanogenital cSCC and SLNB.



Positive SLNB findings by cSCC stage, quantified as the number and percentage of positive nodes.



A positive SLN was identified in 12.3% of all patients. All cSCCs with positive SLNs were greater than 2 cm in diameter. The AJCC criteria identifed positive SLNB findings in 0 of 9 T1 lesions (0%), 13 of 116 T2 lesions (11.2%), and 3 of 5 T4 lesions (60.0%). No T3 lesions were identified. The alternative staging system identified positive SNLB findings in 0 of 9 T1 lesions (0%), 6 of 85 T2a lesions (7.1%), 5 of 17 T2b lesions (29.4%), and 3 of 6 T3 lesions (50.0%). Rates of positive SLNB findings in patients with T2b lesions were statistically higher than those with T2a lesions (P = .02, Fisher exact test) in the alternative staging system.



Our findings suggest that most cSCCs associated with positive SLNB findings occur in T2 lesions (in both staging systems) that are greater than 2 cm in diameter. The alternative staging system appears to more precisely delineate high-risk lesions in the T2b category that may warrant consideration of SLNB. Future prospective studies are necessary to validate the relationship between tumor stage and positive SLNB findings and to identify the optimal staging system.
A Novel Episode Mining Methodology for Stock Investment

In this paper, we present a novel methodology for stock investment using episode mining and technical indicators. The time-series data of stock price and the derived moving average, a class of well-known technical indicators, are used for the construction of complex episode events and rules. Our objective is to devise a profitable episodebased investment model to mine associated events in the stock market. Using Taiwan Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX), the empirical results show that our proposed model significantly outperforms the benchmark in terms of cumulative total returns. We also show that the level of the precision by our model is close to 60%, which is better than random guessing. Based upon the results obtained, we expect this novel episodebased methodology will advance the research in data mining for computational finance and provide an alternative to stock investment in practice.
Building devices from colloidal quantum dots

The continued growth of mobile and interactive computing requires devices manufactured with low-cost processes, compatible with large-area and flexible form factors, and with additional functionality. We review recent advances in the design of electronic and optoelectronic devices that use colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The properties of materials assembled of QDs may be tailored not only by the atomic composition but also by the size, shape, and surface functionalization of the individual QDs and by the communication among these QDs. The chemical and physical properties of QD surfaces and the interfaces in QD devices are of particular importance, and these enable the solution-based fabrication of low-cost, large-area, flexible, and functional devices. We discuss challenges that must be addressed in the move to solution-processed functional optoelectronic nanomaterials.
Frequent Application of the New Gelatin-Collagen Nonwoven Accelerates Wound Healing.

Mortality after chronic wounds is high. Thus, proper and effective therapy is of critical importance. Adult mammalian skin cannot regenerate spontaneously. It heals under scar formation in a process of repair. In general, wound closure is achieved through a combination of contraction, scar formation, and regeneration. To enhance wound healing, research groups are continuously inventing and evaluating novel skin replacement products. A single application of a new gelatin-collagen nonwoven accelerates wound closure of full-thickness skin defects. Therefore, the authors' objective was to evaluate the effect of a higher application frequency of the nonwoven on wound closure in a minipig model.



Four full-thickness skin defects were created surgically on the dorsum of 12 Göttingen minipigs. Next, 3 wounds were treated randomly with a novel gelatin-collagen nonwoven in different thicknesses, while the fourth wound was left untreated and served as the control wound. Moreover, 6 minipigs achieved multiple applications of the wound dressing. During the experimental period of 21 days, a close-up photographic documentation was performed. Finally, the areas of the initial wounds were excised and examined histologically.



More frequent application of the nonwoven achieved accelerated wound healing and better epidermis quality compared with a single application. Mean time until wound closure of all wounds treated with a multiple application of the nonwoven was 11.0 (± 1.2) days, compared with a single application of the nonwoven with 12.4 (± 1.26) days and control wounds with 13.5 (± 1.19) days. Furthermore, the epidermal thickness of all wounds treated with multiple applications of the nonwoven was increased by 10.67 μm (31.89 ± 8.86 μm, P = .0007) compared with a single application of the nonwoven and by 6.53 μm (27.75 ± 7.24 μm, P = .0435) compared with the control group.



Multiple applications of the gelatin-collagen nonwoven may be an appropriate treatment for chronic wounds leading to a fast wound closure through a combination of contraction and re-epithelialization.
VEEVVIE: Visual Explorer for Empirical Visualization, VR and Interaction Experiments

Empirical, hypothesis-driven, experimentation is at the heart of the scientific discovery process and has become commonplace in human-factors related fields. To enable the integration of visual analytics in such experiments, we introduce VEEVVIE, the Visual Explorer for Empirical Visualization, VR and Interaction Experiments. VEEVVIE is comprised of a back-end ontology which can model several experimental designs encountered in these fields. This formalization allows VEEVVIE to capture experimental data in a query-able form and makes it accessible through a front-end interface. This front-end offers several multi-dimensional visualization widgets with built-in filtering and highlighting functionality. VEEVVIE is also expandable to support custom experimental measurements and data types through a plug-in visualization widget architecture. We demonstrate VEEVVIE through several case studies of visual analysis, performed on the design and data collected during an experiment on the scalability of high-resolution, immersive, tiled-display walls.
Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications.

Cellulose constitutes the most abundant renewable polymer resource available today. As a chemical raw material, it is generally well-known that it has been used in the form of fibers or derivatives for nearly 150 years for a wide spectrum of products and materials in daily life. What has not been known until relatively recently is that when cellulose fibers are subjected to acid hydrolysis, the fibers yield defect-free, rod-like crystalline residues. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) have garnered in the materials community a tremendous level of attention that does not appear to be relenting. These biopolymeric assemblies warrant such attention not only because of their unsurpassed quintessential physical and chemical properties (as will become evident in the review) but also because of their inherent renewability and sustainability in addition to their abundance. They have been the subject of a wide array of research efforts as reinforcing agents in nanocomposites due to their low cost, availability, renewability, light weight, nanoscale dimension, and unique morphology. Indeed, CNs are the fundamental constitutive polymeric motifs of macroscopic cellulosic-based fibers whose sheer volume dwarfs any known natural or synthetic biomaterial. Biopolymers such as cellulose and lignin and † North Carolina State University. ‡ Helsinki University of Technology. Dr. Youssef Habibi is a research assistant professor at the Department of Forest Biomaterials at North Carolina State University. He received his Ph.D. in 2004 in organic chemistry from Joseph Fourier University (Grenoble, France) jointly with CERMAV (Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales) and Cadi Ayyad University (Marrakesh, Morocco). During his Ph.D., he worked on the structural characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and also performed surface chemical modification, mainly TEMPO-mediated oxidation, of crystalline polysaccharides, as well as their nanocrystals. Prior to joining NCSU, he worked as assistant professor at the French Engineering School of Paper, Printing and Biomaterials (PAGORA, Grenoble Institute of Technology, France) on the development of biodegradable nanocomposites based on nanocrystalline polysaccharides. He also spent two years as postdoctoral fellow at the French Institute for Agricultural Research, INRA, where he developed new nanostructured thin films based on cellulose nanowiskers. Dr. Habibi’s research interests include the sustainable production of materials from biomass, development of high performance nanocomposites from lignocellulosic materials, biomass conversion technologies, and the application of novel analytical tools in biomass research.