nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Punching shear capacity of continuous slabs

Provisions for punching shear design of reinforced concrete slabs are usually calibrated on the basis of results from tests on isolated specimens that simulate the slab zone within the points of contraflexure around a column. However, the punching behavior of interior slab-column connections in actual continuous slabs without transverse reinforcement may be influenced by the effects of moment redistribution and compressive membrane action, which can lead to higher punching strengths and lower deformation capacities compared to those in isolated specimens. This paper discusses these behavioral differences on the basis of experiments performed on symmetric edge-restrained slabs and investigates available test data by means of a numerical model. A simplified calculation method (based on the Critical Shear Crack Theory) that accounts for these effects is also proposed. The calculation model shows consistent agreement with the results of the numerical evaluation and is sufficiently simple to be used in design and assessment.
Mining fuzzy association rules and fuzzy frequency episodes for intrusion detection

Lee, Stolfo, and Mok have previously reported the use of association rules and frequency episodes for mining audit data to gain knowledge for intrusion detection. The integration of association rules and frequency episodes with fuzzy logic can produce more abstract and flexible patterns for intrusion detection, since many quantitative features are involved in intrusion detection and security itself is fuzzy. We present a modification of a previously reported algorithm for mining fuzzy association rules, define the concept of fuzzy frequency episodes, and present an original algorithm for mining fuzzy frequency episodes. We add a normalization step to the procedure for mining fuzzy association rules in order to prevent one data instance from contributing more than others. We also modify the procedure for mining frequency episodes to learn fuzzy frequency episodes. Experimental results show the utility of fuzzy association rules and fuzzy frequency episodes in intrusion detection.  Updated version published in the International Journal of Intelligent Systems, Volume 15, No. I, August 2000 3
Diachronic degradation of language models: Insights from social media

Maarten Sap, Gregory Park, Johannes Eichstaedt, Margaret Kern, David Stillwell, Michal Kosinski, Lyle Ungar, and Hansen Andrew Schwartz. 2014. Developing age and gender predictive lexica over social media. In . pages 1146–1151.  Garg, N., Schiebinger, L., Jurafsky, D., & Zou,  (2018). Word embeddings quantify 100 years of gender and ethnic stereotypes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(16),   Daniel Preotiuc-Pietro, Sina Samangooei, Trevor Cohn, Nicholas Gibbins, and Mahesan Niranjan. 2012.  An architecture for real time analysis of social media text RESOURCES
Privacy and trust in Facebook photo sharing: age and gender differences

The purpose of this paper is to examine gender and age differences regarding various aspects of privacy, trust, and activity on one of the most popular Facebook activity – “photo sharing.”  The data were collected using an online survey hosted by a web-based survey service for three weeks during December 2014-January 2015. The target audience comprised of Facebook users over 18 years engaged in sharing their photos on the platform. Women and young Facebook users are significantly more concerned about the privacy of their shared photos. Meanwhile, users from older age groups are less active in using the site, in sharing photos, and in taking privacy-related protective measures. Interestingly, despite having more privacy concerns, young Facebook users display higher trust levels toward the platform than older users. Overall, in the study, there was an extremely significant difference in privacy attitudes among people under and over 35 years of age.  The main contribution of this study is new knowledge regarding the gender and age differences in various privacy-related aspects, trust, and activity. Findings from the study broadens the overall understanding of how these issues positively/negatively influence the photosharing activity on Facebook.
Fast evaluation of elementary mathematical functions with correctly rounded last bit

Methods for fast and accurate evaluation of the elementary mathematical functions (sin, COS, exp, log, etc ) are needed in order to program elementary function routines Such routines are widely used m every floating-point computation envu-onment. This 1s true for small scientific calculators as well as for the largest existing supercomputers, The art of performing this type of evaluation has already reached a point where fast computation M possible with accuracy that is very close to the theoretical limit, namely, the accuracy reached by correctly rounding to nearest the exact value of the function evaluated to fit into the data format reserved for the output The accuracy of the results produced by these routines is quite satisfactory There is one important aspect, though, in which they are not sufficiently perfect: Any changes, even slight, m the algorithm may produce changes m the output. For this reason it is vmtually impossible to achieve full compatibility among different routines with the known fast evaluation techniques Such compatibility is valuable for several reasons (e g., portability of software, standardization), In this paper a general methodology m suggested that is expected to produce the “ultimate” type of elementary function routines: fast routines that produce results which are always identical to the machine numbers, obtained by correctly rounding the exact values of the function evaluated. The rounding rule need not be “round to nearest “ C)ther rounding rules can be implemented also Actually, the method is expected to work for all transcendental elementary functions, for all possible floating point data formats, and for all reasonable rounding rules. With this type of routine, full cornpatibihty M achievable in a most natural way,
Alternative activation of macrophages

The classical pathway of interferon-γ-dependent activation of macrophages by T helper 1 (TH1)-type responses is a well-established feature of cellular immunity to infection with intracellular pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV. The concept of an alternative pathway of macrophage activation by the TH2-type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 has gained credence in the past decade, to account for a distinctive macrophage phenotype that is consistent with a different role in humoral immunity and repair. In this review, I assess the evidence in favour of alternative macrophage activation in the light of macrophage heterogeneity, and define its limits and relevance to a range of immune and inflammatory conditions.
A Review of Information Quality Research - Develop a Research Agenda

Recognizing the substantial development of information quality research, this review article analyzes three major aspects of information quality research: information quality assessment, information quality management and contextual information quality. Information quality assessment is analyzed by three components: information quality problem, dimension and assessment methodology. Information quality management is analyzed from three perspectives: quality management, information management and knowledge management. Following an overview of contextual information quality, this article analyzes information quality research in the context of information system and decision making. The analyzing results reveal the potential research streams and current research limitations of information quality. Aiming at bridging the research gaps, we conclude by providing the research issues for future information quality research and implications for empirical applications.
X509Cloud — Framework for a ubiquitous PKI

The SSL protocol has been widely used for verifying digital identities and to secure Internet traffic since the early days of the web. Although X.509 certificates have been in existence for more than two decades, individual user uptake has been low due to the high cost of issuance and maintenance of such certs. This has led to a situation whereby users are able to verify the identity of an organization or e-commerce retailer via their digital certificate, but organizations have to rely on weak username and password combinations to verify the identity of customers registered with their service. We propose the X509Cloud framework which enables organizations to issue certificates to their users at zero cost, and allows them to securely store and disseminate client certificates using the Bitcoin inspired blockchain protocol. This in turn will enable organizations and individuals to authenticate and to securely communicate with other users on the Internet.
An analysis of player affect transitions in survival horror games

The trend of multimodal interaction in interactive gaming has grown significantly as demonstrated for example by the wide acceptance of the Wii Remote and the Kinect as tools not just for commercial games but for game research as well. Furthermore, using the player’s affective state as an additional input for game manipulation has opened the realm of affective gaming. In this paper, we analyzed the affective states of players prior to and after witnessing a scary event in a survival horror game. Player affect data were collected through our own affect annotation tool that allows the player to report his affect labels while watching his recorded gameplay and facial expressions. The affect data were then used for training prediction models with the player’s brainwave and heart rate signals, as well as keyboard–mouse activities collected during gameplay. Our results show that (i) players are likely to get more fearful of a scary event when they are in the suspense state and that (ii) heart rate is a good candidate for detecting player affect. Using our results, game designers can maximize the fear level of the player by slowly building tension until the suspense state and showing a scary event after that. We believe that this approach can be applied to the analyses of different sets of emotions in other games as well.
Channel redistribution with direct selling

Document Summary) It seems nowadays that a company can be considered either a "pure-direct" such as Amazon.com and Dell Computers, or an "adopted-direct", like Barnes and Noble for example. An adopted-direct company's decision to directly sell "on-line" has become a fashionable choice. But the results of such choice differ drastically. Glorious success mixed with pathetic failure. One of the pending issues has been the channel redistribution strategy, as whether to entirely switch to direct sell or to maintain a combination of both. This paper develops a dynamic channel diffusion model and analyzes how the sales will redistribute between the two channels in a given time-variant marketplace. This paper provides two major contributions: First, we obtain the existence of a steady-state redistribution between the two channels and the necessary conditions for this existence; Second, we establish measures of industry-specific suitability for on-line business operations. In short, the results concur with the theory: IT changes the way of doing business, but does not change the business itself.
Natural Language Interface to Relational Database (NLI-RDB) Through Object Relational Mapping (ORM)

This paper proposes a novel approach for building a Natural Language Interface to a Relational Database (NLI-RDB) using Conversational Agent (CA), Information Extraction (IE) and Object Relational Mapping (ORM) framework. The CA will help in disambiguating the user’s queries and guiding the user interaction. IE will play an important role in named entities extraction in order to map Natural Language queries into database queries. The ORM framework i.e. the Hibernate framework resolves the impedance mismatch between the Object Oriented Paradigms (OOP) and Relational Databases (RDBs) i.e. OOP concepts differ from RDB concepts, thus it reduces the complexity in generating SQL statements. Also, by utilizing ORM framework, the RDBs entities are mapped into real world objects, which bring the RDBs a step closer to the user. In addition, the ORM framework simplify the interaction between OOP and RDBs. The developed NLI-RDB system allows the user to interact with objects directly in natural language and through navigation, rather than by using SQL statements. This direct interaction tends to be easier and more acceptable for humans whom are nor technically orientated and have no SQL knowledge. The NLI-RDB system also offers friendly and interactive user interface in order to refine the query generated automatically. The NLI-RDB system has been evaluated by a group of participants through a combination of qualitative and quantitative measures. The experimental results show good performance of the prototype and excellent user’s satisfaction.
A Decade of Automatic Content Evaluation of News Summaries: Reassessing the State of the Art

How good are automatic content metrics for news summary evaluation? Here we provide a detailed answer to this question, with a particular focus on assessing the ability of automatic evaluations to identify statistically significant differences present in manual evaluation of content. Using four years of data from the Text Analysis Conference, we analyze the performance of eight ROUGE variants in terms of accuracy, precision and recall in finding significantly different systems. Our experiments show that some of the neglected variants of ROUGE, based on higher order n-grams and syntactic dependencies, are most accurate across the years; the commonly used ROUGE-1 scores find too many significant differences between systems which manual evaluation would deem comparable. We also test combinations of ROUGE variants and find that they considerably improve the accuracy of automatic prediction.
The balanced scorecard: a foundation for the strategic management of information systems

Ž . The balanced scorecard BSC has emerged as a decision support tool at the strategic management level. Many business leaders now evaluate corporate performance by supplementing financial accounting data with goal-related measures from the following perspectives: customer, internal business process, and learning and growth. It is argued that the BSC concept can be adapted to assist those managing business functions, organizational units and individual projects. This article develops a Ž . balanced scorecard for information systems IS that measures and evaluates IS activities from the following perspectives: business value, user orientation, internal process, and future readiness. Case study evidence suggests that a balanced IS scorecard can be the foundation for a strategic IS management system provided that certain development guidelines are followed, appropriate metrics are identified, and key implementation obstacles are overcome. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Toward an IT governance maturity self-assessment model using EFQM and CobiT

IT governance is becoming an obligation today for organizations that want to align their IT with business. However, a method of analyzing the maturity of the information system governance, which is easy to apply and does not require any technical experience, is absent. Research has been conducted to provide evaluation tools based on existing frameworks such as CobiT and ITIL. The disadvantage of these models is that organizations need technical competencies to use them. In this paper we propose a self-assessment model based on the IT governance pillar, COBIT maturity levels and relying on the Excellence model EFQM. The implementation of this evaluator has been tested in a university case. The results showed that this evaluator can be executed without the use of specific skills. The latter gives idea of the maturity level of the establishment but does not replace programmed audit actions.
How expensive are free smartphone apps?

Proliferation of data-enabled mobile devices has fueled the popularity of smartphone applications (apps) at a rapid pace, and the trend is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. Along with the increase in popularity, the characteristics and concept of paid apps and free apps is also changing. In general, paid smartphone apps generate their revenue simply from the cost of downloading the app. On the other hand, free apps rely on advertisements, and/or virtual currencies, for their revenue generation. There are several variants of these generalized approaches. In this work, we focus on identifying the overhead traffic that is generated by the free apps with respect to the paid apps. The overhead traffic is not associated with the operation of the app itself and thus should not impact the usage experience of the apps. Specifically, we consider advertisements, and the transmission of analytic data, as the main components of overhead traffic. With the gradual disappearance of unlimited data plans, the overhead traffic does not come for free. The goal of this paper is quantify the cost of the overhead traffic of the popular free apps and compare it with the paid apps. We have developed an intricate methodology for identifying and measuring the bandwidth requirements of the overheads associated with the free apps. Through comprehensive measurements, we have shown that in most cases, the paid versions of the apps will indeed be a fraction of the cost to the end users when compared to the actual cost of the free versions.
Maintenance scheduling of geographically distributed assets with prognostics information

Maintenance scheduling for high value assets has been studied for decades and is still a crucial area of research with new technological advancements. The main dilemma of maintenance scheduling is to avoid failures while preventing unnecessary maintenance. The technological advancements in real time monitoring and computational science make tracking asset health and forecasting asset failures possible. The usage and maintenance of assets can be planned more efficiently with the forecasted failure probability and remaining useful life (i.e., prognostic information). The prognostic information is time sensitive. Geographically distributed assets such as off-shore wind farms and railway switches add another complexity to the maintenance scheduling problem with the required time of travel to reach these assets. Thus, the travel time between geographically distributed assets should be incorporated in the maintenance scheduling when one technician (or team) is responsible for the maintenance of multiple assets. This paper presents a methodology to schedule the maintenance of geographically distributed assets using their prognostic information. Genetic Algorithm based solution incorporating the daily work duration of the maintenance team is also presented in the paper.
AD-LRU: An efficient buffer replacement algorithm for flash-based databases

Flash memory has characteristics of out-of-place update and asymmetric I/O latencies for read, write, and erase operations. Thus, the buffering policy for flash-based databases has to consider those properties to improve the overall performance. This article introduces a new approach to buffer management for flash-based databases, called AD-LRU (Adaptive Double LRU), which focuses on improving the overall runtime efficiency by reducing the number of write/erase operations and by retaining a high buffer hit ratio. We conduct trace-driven experiments both in a simulation environment and in a real DBMS, using a real OLTP trace and four kinds of synthetic traces: random, read-most, write-most, and Zipf. We make detailed comparisons between our algorithm and the best-known competitor methods. The experimental results show that AD-LRU is superior to its competitors in most cases.
Perceivable Light Fields: Matching the Requirements Between the Human Visual System and Autostereoscopic 3-D Displays

Recently, there has been a substantial increase in efforts to develop 3-D visualization technologies that can provide the viewers with a realistic 3-D visual experience. Various terms such as “reality communication” have been used to categorize these efforts. In order to provide the viewers with a complete and realistic visual sensation, the display or visualization system and the displayed content need to match the physiological 3-D information sensing capabilities of the human visual system which can be quite complex. These may include spatial and temporal resolutions, depth perception, dynamic range, spectral contents, nonlinear effects, and vergence accommodation effects. In this paper, first we present an overview of some of the 3-D display research efforts which have been extensively pursued in Asia, Europe, and North America among other areas. Based on the limitations and comfort-based requirements of the human visual system when viewing a nonnatural visual input from 3-D displays, we present an analytical framework that combines main perception and human visual requirements with analytical tools and principles used in related disciplines such as optics, computer graphics, computational imaging, and signal processing. Building on the widely used notion of light fields, we define a notion of perceivable light fields to account for the human visual system physiological requirements, and propagate it back to the display device to determine the display device specifications. This helps us clarify the fundamental and practical requirements of the 3-D display devices for reality viewing communication. In view of the proposed analytical framework, we overview various methods that can be applied to overcome the extensive information needed to be displayed in order to meet the requirements imposed by the human visual system.
Enabling Work: Occupational Therapy Interventions for Persons with Occupational Injuries and Diseases: A Scoping Review

This review aims to map the scope of published research on occupational therapy (OT) interventions and pertinent work and work-related outcomes for persons with occupational injuries and diseases.  The scoping review adapted Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Six electronic databases were searched. Ancestral search was also done on five systematic reviews. The search was conducted from September 2015 to October 2015. Interventions and outcomes were coded using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set for Vocational Rehabilitation to plot trends.  Forty-six articles were included in the review. The top five intervention approaches included: acquiring skills (12.27%), health services, systems, and policies (10.43%), products and technology for employment (9.20%), handling stress and other psychological demands (7.98%), and apprenticeship (6.74%). The top five outcomes targeted included: remunerative employment (15.71%); sensation of pain (10.99%); emotional functions (5.76%); handling stress and other psychological demands (5.76%); economic self-sufficiency (4.71%); muscle endurance functions (4.71%); exercise tolerance functions (4.71%); undertaking multiple tasks (4.19%); acquiring, keeping, and terminating a job (4.19%); and looking after one’s health (4.19%).  The trend in interventions show the use of activities and environment facilitators which are attuned to the conceptual nature of OT. Furthermore, the trend in outcomes show that there is substantial evidence that supports the use of OT to target work. This review may provide a platform for collaboration with other professionals and also help identify research directions to strengthen the evidence base for OT in work-related practice.