nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Polygenic Influence on Educational Attainment: New evidence from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

Recent studies have begun to uncover the genetic architecture of educational attainment. We build on this work using genome-wide data from siblings in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). We measure the genetic predisposition of siblings to educational attainment using polygenic scores. We then test how polygenic scores are related to social environments and educational outcomes. In Add Health, genetic predisposition to educational attainment is patterned across the social environment. Participants with higher polygenic scores were more likely to grow up in socially advantaged families. Even so, the previously published genetic associations appear to be causal. Among pairs of siblings, the sibling with the higher polygenic score typically went on to complete more years of schooling as compared to their lower-scored co-sibling. We found subtle differences between sibling fixed effect estimates of the genetic effect versus those based on unrelated individuals.
The multimedia blockchain: A distributed and tamper-proof media transaction framework

A distributed and tamper proof media transaction framework is proposed based on the blockchain model. Current multimedia distribution does not preserve self-retrievable information of transaction trails or content modification histories. For example, digital copies of valuable artworks, creative media and entertainment contents are distributed for various purposes including exhibitions, gallery collections or in media production workflow. Original media is often edited for creative content preparation or tampered with to fabricate false propaganda over social media. However there is no existing trusted mechanism that can easily retrieve either the transaction trails or the modification histories. We propose a novel watermarking based Multimedia Blockchain framework that can address such issues. The unique watermark information contains two pieces of information: a) a cryptographic hash that contains transaction histories (blockchain transactions log) and b) an image hash that preserves retrievable original media content. Once the watermark is extracted, first part of the watermark is passed to a distributed ledger to retrieve the historical transaction trail and the latter part is used to identify the edited / tampered regions. The paper outlines the requirements, the challenges and demonstrates the proof of this concept.
Sensorized Garments and Textrode-Enabled Measurement Instrumentation for Ambulatory Assessment of the Autonomic Nervous System Response in the ATREC Project

Advances in textile materials, technology and miniaturization of electronics for measurement instrumentation has boosted the development of wearable measurement systems. In several projects sensorized garments and non-invasive instrumentation have been integrated to assess on emotional, cognitive responses as well as physical arousal and status of mental stress through the study of the autonomous nervous system. Assessing the mental state of workers under stressful conditions is critical to identify which workers are in the proper state of mind and which are not ready to undertake a mission, which might consequently risk their own life and the lives of others. The project Assessment in Real Time of the Stress in Combatants (ATREC) aims to enable real time assessment of mental stress of the Spanish Armed Forces during military activities using a wearable measurement system containing sensorized garments and textile-enabled non-invasive instrumentation. This work describes the multiparametric sensorized garments and measurement instrumentation implemented in the first phase of the project required to evaluate physiological indicators and recording candidates that can be useful for detection of mental stress. For such purpose different sensorized garments have been constructed: a textrode chest-strap system with six repositionable textrodes, a sensorized glove and an upper-arm strap. The implemented textile-enabled instrumentation contains one skin galvanometer, two temperature sensors for skin and environmental temperature and an impedance pneumographer containing a 1-channel ECG amplifier to record cardiogenic biopotentials. With such combinations of garments and non-invasive measurement devices, a multiparametric wearable measurement system has been implemented able to record the following physiological parameters: heart and respiration rate, skin galvanic response, environmental and peripheral temperature. To ensure the proper functioning of the implemented garments and devices the full series of 12 sets have been functionally tested recording cardiogenic biopotential, thoracic impedance, galvanic skin response and temperature values. The experimental results indicate that the implemented wearable measurement systems operate according to the specifications and are ready to be used for mental stress experiments, which will be executed in the coming phases of the project with dozens of healthy volunteers.
Bitcoin Mining Decentralization via Cost Analysis

Bitcoin mining presents a significant economic incentive for efficient hashing and broadcast of data, both parameters stemming from the Proofs-of-Work used to advance the network. This incentive has led to the development of Bitcoin-specific application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and centralized mining pools, undermining the decentralized motivations behind Bitcoin’s design. In addition, the imminent block reward halving threatens the profitability of mining at any scale. Some work has been done in formal models for miner profitability, but existing models do not account for conditions such as the pricing of off-peak power and diverse investment strategies regarding sunken costs. There is also a lack of formal study of how the profit model changes as mining scales from the individual to the industrial level. Given the lack of analysis of these conditions, there are alternative models for profitable or net-zero mining that operate at smaller, and therefore more desirable, scale.
P&O MPPT implementation using MATLAB/Simulink

In this paper, a mathematical analysis of a photovoltaic cell is presented for the single diode and double diode cell configurations. The model of the double diode representation was implemented using a proprietary algorithm and MATLAB/Simulink. To track the point of maximum power, the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm method was implemented. It was shown that the point of maximum power is always located at the expected position, is readily tracked, and maintained by minute increases and decreases in voltage. These encouraging results indicate opportunities for the utilization of this algorithm and its hardware implementation.
Broadcast news story segmentation using latent topics on data manifold

This paper proposes to use Laplacian Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (LapPLSA) for broadcast news story segmentation. The latent topic distributions estimated by LapPLSA are used to replace term frequency vector as the representation of sentences and measure the cohesive strength between the sentences. Subword n-gram is used as the basic term unit in the computation. Dynamic Programming is used for story boundary detection. LapPLSA projects the data into a low-dimensional semantic topic representation while preserving the intrinsic local geometric structure of the data. The locality preserving property attempts to make the estimated latent topic distributions more robust to the noise from automatic speech recognition errors. Experiments are conducted on the ASR transcripts of TDT2 Mandarin broadcast news corpus. Our proposed approach is compared with other approaches which use dimensionality reduction technique with the locality preserving property, and two different topic modeling techniques. Experiment results show that our proposed approach provides the highest F1-measure of 0.8228, which significantly outperforms the best previous approaches.
The emperor's new mind - concerning computers, minds and the laws of physics

That's it, a book to wait for in this month. Even you have wanted for long time for releasing this book the emperors new mind concerning computers minds and the laws of physics; you may not be able to get in some stress. Should you go around and seek fro the book until you really get it? Are you sure? Are you that free? This condition will force you to always end up to get a book. But now, we are coming to give you excellent solution.
Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) - A Novel Routing Protocol For Vehicular Adhoc Networks

This Paper discusses the capability of the current routing protocols for Mobile ad hoc networks for Vehicular ad hoc networks. VANET is derived from MANET and it is a network consisting of vehicles which can communicate wirelessly. In high traffic conditions the message should be delivered correctly between the vehicles and the communication using Road Side Units. VANETs are characterized by a dynamic topology with patterned mobility consisting on mobile nodes with sufficient resources and varied time channel behavior. The network traffic requirements differ for VANET. There are many routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks which can be used for vehicular ad hoc networks. In this paper, we are introducing Zone Routing Protocol which can improve the parameters of VANET i.e. less communication delay and delivering the messages on time compared to AODV and DSR protocols while the vehicles are moving at high speeds. WE have used a simulation to demonstrate those improvements.
A Hitting Time Analysis of Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics

We study the Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics (SGLD) algorithm for non-convex optimization. The algorithm performs a stochastic gradient descent, where in each step it injects appropriately scaled Gaussian noise to the update. We analyze the algorithm’s hitting time to an arbitrary subset of the parameter space. Two results follow from our general theory: First, we prove that for empirical risk minimization, if the empirical risk is point-wise close to the (smooth) population risk, then the algorithm achieves an approximate local minimum of the population risk in polynomial time, escaping suboptimal local minima that only exist in the empirical risk. Second, we show that SGLD improves on one of the best known learnability results for learning linear classifiers under the zero-one loss.
An op-amp with novel push-pull output stage for IRFPA ROIC

An op-amp with a push-pull output stage for infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) readout integrated circuit (ROIC) is described in this paper. It works in the class AB mode with little die area. The op-amp is simulated by the SMIC 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The circuit is designed to operate from a single 5 V power and drive a capacitive load of 15 pF. The unity gain-bandwidth (GBW) is 30 MHz. the rising slew rate (SR) 34 V/s. and the falling slew rate (SR-) 39 V/s. The common-mode input and the output swing are almost 5 V.
ReFinder: A Context-Based Information Refinding System

In this paper, we present a context-based information refinding system called ReFinder. It leverages human's natural recall characteristics and allows users to refind files and Web pages according to the previous access context. ReFinder refinds information based on a query-by-context model over a context memory snapshot, linking to the accessed information contents. Context instances in the memory snapshot are organized in a clustered and associated manner, and dynamically evolve in life cycles to mimic brain memory's decay and reinforcement phenomena. We evaluate the scalability of ReFinder on a large synthetic data set. The experimental results show that consistent degradation of context instances in the context memory and the ones in user's refinding requests can lead to the best refinding precision and recall. An 8-week user study is also conducted to examine the applicability of ReFinder. Initial findings show that time, place, and activity could serve as useful recall clues. On average, 15.53 seconds are needed to complete a refinding request with ReFinder and 84.42 seconds with other existing methods. Some further possible improvement of ReFinder is also discussed at the end of the paper.
Technological paradigms and technological trajectories A suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change

The procedures and the nature of "technologies" are suggested to be broadly s~milar to those which characterize "sci-ence". In particular, there appear to be "technological para-dig~as" (or research p,rogrammes) performing a similar role to "sci~:~ntific paradigms" (or research programmes). The n.udel tries to account for both continuous changes and discontinui-ties m technological i:anovation. Continuous changes are often related to progress along a technological trajectory defined by a technological paradigm, wMle discontinuities are associated with the emergence <,f a new paradigm. One-directional explanations of the i,movative process, and in particular those assuming "the market" as the prime mover, are inadequate to explain the emergence of new technological paradigms, The origin of the latter stems from the interplay between scientific advances, economic factors, institutional variables, and unsolved difficulties on established technological paths. The model tries to establish a sufficiently general framework which accounts for all these factors and to define the process of selection of new technological paradigms among a greater set of notionally possible cnes. The history of a technology is contextual to the history of the industrial structures associated with that technology. The emergence of a new paradigm is often related to new "schumpeterian" companies, while its establishment often shows also a process of oligopolistic stabilization. and two anonymous referees for their comments and criticisms on previous drafts. The responsibility for this draft is obviously mine. A version of this research, more focussed on the effects of technical change upon long-run patterns of growth, is appearing in C.
Design of a UHF RFID metal tag for long reading range using a cavity structure

A novel UHF RFID metal tag antenna using a cavity structure for long reading range is proposed. The size of the proposed tag is 176.0 x 61.0 x 31.0 (mm3) and it can be applied for large metal materials and heavy equipments. The measured reading range is about 1 lm in free space and 15 m when attached to a metal plate. The reading range of the tag at attached to a metal is 4m better than that of the tag in free space.
Comparison of EEG signal features and ensemble learning methods for motor imagery classification

Classifying electroencephalogram (EEG) signal in Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a useful methods to analysis different organs of human body and it can be used for communicate with the outside world and controlling external device. Accuracy classification of extracted features from EEG signals is a problem which many researcher try to improve it. Although many methods for extracting feature and classifying EEG signal have been proposed and developed, many of them suffer from extracting less accurate data from EEG signals. In this work, four signal feature extraction and three ensemble learning method have been reviewed and performances of classification techniques are compared for motor imagery task.
An Improving Deception Detection Method in Computer-Mediated Communication

Online deception is disrupting our daily life, organizational process, and even national security. Existing deception detection approaches followed a traditional paradigm by using a set of cues as antecedents, and used a variety of data sets and common classification models to detect deception, which were demonstrated to be an accurate technique, but the previous results also showed the necessity to expand the deception feature set in order to improve the accuracy. In our study, we propose a novel feature selection method of the combination of CHI statistics and hypothesis testing, and achieve the accuracy level of 86% and F-measure of 0.84 by using the novel feature sets and SVM classification models, which exceeds the previous experiment results.
The Consequences of Technostress for End Users in Organizations: Conceptual Development and Empirical Validation

T research reported in this paper studies the phenomenon of technostress, that is, stress experienced by end users of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), and examines its influence on their job satisfaction, commitment to the organization, and intention to stay. Drawing from the Transaction-Based Model of stress and prior research on the effects of ICTs on end users, we first conceptually build a nomological net for technostress to understand the influence of technostress on three variables relating to end users of ICTs: job satisfaction, and organizational and continuance commitment. Because there are no prior instruments to measure constructs related to technostress, we develop and empirically validate two second order constructs: technostress creators (i.e., factors that create stress from the use of ICTs) and technostress inhibitors (i.e., organizational mechanisms that reduce stress from the use of ICTs). We test our conceptual model using data from the responses of 608 end users of ICTs from multiple organizations to a survey questionnaire. Our results, based on structural equation modeling (SEM), show that technostress creators decrease job satisfaction, leading to decreased organizational and continuance commitment, while Technostress inhibitors increase job satisfaction and organizational and continuance commitment. We also find that age, gender, education, and computer confidence influence technostress. The implications of these results and future research directions are discussed.
When the face reveals what words do not: facial expressions of emotion, smiling, and the willingness to disclose childhood sexual abuse.

For survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), verbal disclosure is often complex and painful. The authors examined the voluntary disclosure-nondisclosure of CSA in relation to nonverbal expressions of emotion in the face. Consistent with hypotheses derived from recent theorizing about the moral nature of emotion, CSA survivors who did not voluntarily disclose CSA showed greater facial expressions of shame, whereas CSA survivors who voluntarily disclosed CSA expressed greater disgust. Expressions of disgust also signaled sexual abuse accompanied by violence. Consistent with recent theorizing about smiling behavior, CSA nondisclosers made more polite smiles, whereas nonabused participants expressed greater genuine positive emotion. Discussion addressed the implications of these findings for the study of disclosure of traumatic events, facial expression, and the links between morality and emotion.
A vector light detector for proximity sensing applications

In this paper, we propose a novel design for a three dimensional proximity sensor. The novel design takes advantage of rapid prototyping capabilities offered by 3D printing to produce mesa pyramids with a 55 ° base angle that comprise a two-pixel system. The two pixel system combines photoconductivity and plane wave propagation properties of a radiative source to approximate the source distance as well as direction with respect to the two-pixel system. We have used commercially available silicon photodiodes as active sensing material on the facets of the mesa pyramid bases, whereby each facet would measure the incoming radiation separately. The design offers a simple geometry suitable for integration with other electronic designs and allows for cost effective directional photoconductive sensors that can be implemented in high precision applications such as autonomous vehicles, robotics and industrial automation processes.
Clash of the Contagions: Cooperation and Competition in Information Diffusion

In networks, contagions such as information, purchasing behaviors, and diseases, spread and diffuse from node to node over the edges of the network. Moreover, in real-world scenarios multiple contagions spread through the network simultaneously. These contagions not only propagate at the same time but they also interact and compete with each other as they spread over the network. While traditional empirical studies and models of diffusion consider individual contagions as independent and thus spreading in isolation, we study how different contagions interact with each other as they spread through the network. We develop a statistical model that allows for competition as well as cooperation of different contagions in information diffusion. Competing contagions decrease each other's probability of spreading, while cooperating contagions help each other in being adopted throughout the network. We evaluate our model on 18,000 contagions simultaneously spreading through the Twitter network. Our model learns how different contagions interact with each other and then uses these interactions to more accurately predict the diffusion of a contagion through the network. Moreover, the model also provides a compelling hypothesis for the principles that govern content interaction in information diffusion. Most importantly, we find very strong effects of interactions between contagions. Interactions cause a relative change in the spreading probability of a contagion by 71% on the average.
Semantic homophily in online communication: Evidence from Twitter

People are observed to assortatively connect on a set of traits. This phenomenon, termed assortative mixing or sometimes homophily, can be quantified through assortativity coefficient in social networks. Uncovering the exact causes of strong assortative mixing found in social networks has been a research challenge. Among the main suggested causes from sociology are the tendency of similar individuals to connect (often itself referred as homophily) and the social influence among already connected individuals. Distinguishing between these tendencies and other plausible causes and quantifying their contribution to the amount of assortative mixing has been a difficult task, and proven not even possible from observational data. However, another task of similar importance to researchers and in practice can be tackled, as we present here: understanding the exact mechanisms of interplay between these tendencies and the underlying social network structure. Namely, in addition to the mentioned assortativity coefficient, there are several other static and temporal network properties and substructures that can be linked to the tendencies of homophily and social influence in the social network and we herein investigate those. Concretely, we tackle a computer-mediated communication network (based on Twitter mentions) and a particular type of assortative mixing that can be inferred from the semantic features of communication content that we term semantic homophily. Our work, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to offer an in-depth analysis on semantic homophily in a communication network and the interplay between them. We quantify diverse levels of semantic homophily, identify the semantic aspects that are the drivers of observed homophily, show insights in its temporal evolution and finally, we present its intricate interplay with the communication network on Twitter. By analyzing these mechanisms we increase understanding on what are the semantic aspects that shape and how they shape the human computer-mediated communication. In addition, our analysis framework presented on this concrete case can be easily adapted, extended and applied on other type of social networks and for different types of homophily.