nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and human intestinal health.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is the most abundant bacterium in the human intestinal microbiota of healthy adults, representing more than 5% of the total bacterial population. Over the past five years, an increasing number of studies have clearly described the importance of this highly metabolically active commensal bacterium as a component of the healthy human microbiota. Changes in the abundance of F. prausnitzii have been linked to dysbiosis in several human disorders. Administration of F. prausnitzii strain A2-165 and its culture supernatant have been shown to protect against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice. Here, we discuss the role of F. prausnitzii in balancing immunity in the intestine and the mechanisms involved.
Likert scales, levels of measurement and the "laws" of statistics.

Reviewers of research reports frequently criticize the choice of statistical methods. While some of these criticisms are well-founded, frequently the use of various parametric methods such as analysis of variance, regression, correlation are faulted because: (a) the sample size is too small, (b) the data may not be normally distributed, or (c) The data are from Likert scales, which are ordinal, so parametric statistics cannot be used. In this paper, I dissect these arguments, and show that many studies, dating back to the 1930s consistently show that parametric statistics are robust with respect to violations of these assumptions. Hence, challenges like those above are unfounded, and parametric methods can be utilized without concern for "getting the wrong answer".
Win Prediction in Esports: Mixed-Rank Match Prediction in Multi-player Online Battle Arena Games

Esports has emerged as a popular genre for players as well as spectators, supporting a global entertainment industry. Esports analytics has evolved to address the requirement for data-driven feedback, and is focused on cyber-athlete evaluation, strategy and prediction. Towards the latter, previous work has used match data from a variety of player ranks from hobbyist to professional players. However, professional players have been shown to behave differently than lower ranked players. Given the comparatively limited supply of professional data, a key question is thus whether mixed-rank match datasets can be used to create data-driven models which predict winners in professional matches and provide a simple in-game statistic for viewers and broadcasters. Here we show that, although there is a slightly reduced accuracy, mixed-rank datasets can be used to predict the outcome of professional matches, with suitably optimized configurations.
The role of ultrasound in rheumatic skin and nail lesions: a multi-specialist approach

The skin and nails are commonly involved in rheumatic conditions, both by the primary disease and/or long-term immunosuppressive treatments. These superficial affections may also imply a worsening of the quality of life in patients and cosmetic sequels. The latest advances in ultrasound technology show that skin and nail abnormalities are now recognizable and therefore susceptible to follow-up non-invasively. Thus, an ultrasound examination of these superficial tissues may be an adjunct tool for evaluating the progression and/or severity of rheumatic diseases in their primary or secondary manifestations.
Do We Have to Prohibit the Use of Mobile Phones in Classrooms?

People take their mobile phones everywhere they go. In Saudi Arabia, the mobile penetration is very high and students use their phones for different reasons in the classroom. The use of mobile devices in classroom triggers an alert of the impact it might have on students’ learning. This study investigates the association between the use of mobile phones during classroom and the learners’ performance and satisfaction. Results showed that students get distracted, and that this diversion of their attention is reflected in their academic success. However, this is not applicable for all. Some students received high scores even though they declared using mobile phones in classroom, which triggers a request for a deeper study.
New variants of ABCA12 in harlequin ichthyosis baby

Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is an extremely rare genetic skin disorder and the most severe form of a group of disorders, which includes lamellar ichthyosis and congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. It consists in an autosomal recessive disorder with the majority of affected individuals being homozygous for mutation in the ABCA12 gene. This condition presents a wide range of severity and symptoms. Affected neonates often do not survive beyond the first few days of life and it was usually considered as being fatal in the past, but, with the improvement of neonatal intensive care, the survival of these patients also improved. Our report is about a harlequin baby with new variants, which have not been previously described. He presents two variants in heterozygosity in the ABCA12 gene: c.3067del (p.Tyr1023Ilefs * 22) and c.318-2A>G p(.?), inherited from the father and mother. Several aspects concerning genetics, physiopathology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are discussed. An intensive neonatal care and early introduction of oral retinoids improve survival rates in this kind of disorder.
Erythema multiforme and erythema nodosum lesions with cervical lymphadenopathy

A 39-year-old otherwise healthy woman presented to our dermatology clinic with a two-week history of a swelling and pain on her neck. She noted a low-grade fever and malaise for ten days. The patient reported no history of tick bite, new medication or consuming raw meat. Physical examination revealed fever (38.3°C), an enlarged, painful 4.5 x 4.8 cm sized lymphadenopathy in the right submandibular area , multiple targetoid erythema multiforme lesions on the palms , and multiple erythema nodosum lesions on the shins . We performed whole blood count, chest X-ray, serological tests (microagglutination test), fine needle biopsy, and neck ultrasonography. Histopathologic examination of the lymph node disclosed epithelioid histiocytes with multinuclear giant cells and a suppurative inflammation .
Itch Severity Scale: a self-report instrument for the measurement of pruritus severity.

Assessing pruritus severity is difficult because of its subjective nature. A questionnaire that takes into account how the symptom is perceived by the patient may provide a more accurate representation of the pruritus. However, recently developed questionnaires do not specifically quantify severity of the symptom.



To develop a self-report questionnaire to measure pruritus severity and to provide initial evidence of its validity and reliability.



We modified a previously developed interview for the characterization and evaluation of pruritus, which was completed along with the RAND-36 Health Status Inventory and Dermatology Life Quality Index by patients with psoriasis-associated pruritus. Exploratory factor analysis, studies of internal consistency, and correlation analyses with health-related quality of life scores were used to help determine which components of the modified pruritus interview to include in the new questionnaire, the Itch Severity Scale (ISS). The ISS was then assessed for construct validity, internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability.



Seven of the initial 11 components of the modified pruritus interview were included in the ISS. ISS scores correlated moderately with physical (r=-0 x 483) and mental (r=-0 x 492) health composite scores of the RAND-36 and strongly with Dermatology Life Quality Index scores (r=0 x 628), evidence of construct validity. It had an internal consistency reliability of 0 x 80 and a test-retest reliability of 0 x 95.



Based on this preliminary evidence of validity and reliability, this new seven-item ISS may be useful in comparing pruritus severity among different disease populations or in assessing pruritus treatment effectiveness.
Diagram interaction during intelligent tutoring in geometry: Support for knowledge retention and deep understanding

Prior research has shown that skilled problem solvers often use features of visual representations to cue relevant knowledge, but little is known about how to support learners in developing connections between visual and verbal knowledge components. In this research, we investigated two methods to support focus on key visual features during problem solving in an intelligent tutor: 1) student interaction with diagrams during problem solving, and 2) student explanations that connected diagram features to geometry rules at each problem-solving step. Research was conducted in 10 grade classrooms using an experimental version of the Geometry Cognitive Tutor. Interaction with diagrams promoted long-term retention of problem-solving skills and supported deep understanding of geometry rules, as evidenced by items testing transfer and visual-verbal knowledge integration. Diagram-rule explanations did not significantly influence learning. Findings suggest that student focus on relevant visual information should be carefully integrated into problem-solving practice to support robust learning.
VLSI Processor Architecture

A processor architecture attempts to compromise between the needs of programs hosted on the architecture and the performance attainable in implementing the architecture. The needs of programs are most accurately reflected by the dynamic use of the instruction set as the target for a high level language compiler. In VLSI, the issue of implementation of an instruction set architecture is significant in determining the features of the architecture. Recent processor architectures have focused on two major trends: large microcoded instruction sets and simplified, or reduced, instruction sets. The attractiveness of these two approaches is affected by the choice of a single-chip implementation. The two different styles require different tradeoffs to attain an implementation in silicon with a reasonable area. The two styles consume the chip area for different purposes, thus achieving performance by different strategies. In a VLSI implementation of an architecture, many problems can arise from the base technology and its limitations. Although circuit design techniques can help alleviate many of these problems, the architects must be aware of these limitations and understand their implications at the instruction set level.
Derivation of Land Surface Temperature for Landsat-8 TIRS Using a Split Window Algorithm

Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the most important variables measured by satellite remote sensing. Public domain data are available from the newly operational Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). This paper presents an adjustment of the split window algorithm (SWA) for TIRS that uses atmospheric transmittance and land surface emissivity (LSE) as inputs. Various alternatives for estimating these SWA inputs are reviewed, and a sensitivity analysis of the SWA to misestimating the input parameters is performed. The accuracy of the current development was assessed using simulated Modtran data. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the simulated LST was calculated as 0.93 °C. This SWA development is leading to progress in the determination of LST by Landsat-8 TIRS.
Root Rot of Miniature Roses Caused by Pythium helicoides

Miniature roses growing in an ebb-and-flow watering system developed dieback during the summer growing season of 1996 in Gifu Prefecture. The main diagnostic symptoms were chlorosis of leaf followed by blight, and a brown, water-soaked root rot followed by dieback. Pythium isolates were recovered from the rotted root. The isolates form proliferous ellipsoidal papillate sporangia, spherical smooth oogonia, elongate antheridia, and aplerotic oospores. The optimum temperature for hyphal growth was 35°C with a growth rate of 34 mm/24 hr. Optimum temperature of zoospore formation (25-30°C) was lower than that of mycelial growth, and zoospores were produced even at 10°C. The isolates were identified as P. helicoides on the basis of these characteristics. In pathogenicity tests disease severity was highest at the highest tested temperature (35°C) at which the disease naturally occurred in summer. Four days after inoculation, the leaves turned yellow and the roots had a water-soaked rot, followed by leaf blight and root dieback after 7 days. The disease transmission test showed that diseased plants were found throughout the bench after 10 days.
The Forensic Analysis of WeChat Message

WeChat is a popular instant messaging application on Android, iPhone and BlackBerry smart phones, whose chat messages are all stored in local installation folder. This paper studied the data forensic techniques of WeChat messages including the identification of storage location, storage structure and information extraction methods. Since the text message is stored in encrypted SQLite database, we detailedly analyze its cryptographic algorithm, key derivation principle and present the corresponding database decryption process in different practical forensic circumstances. In addition, we exploit the data recovery of voice and deleted messages which would also be helpful in data forensic for criminal investigation.
A Behavioral New Keynesian Model

This paper presents a framework for analyzing how bounded rationality a↵ects monetary and fiscal policy. The model is a tractable and parsimonious enrichment of the widely-used New Keynesian model – with one main new parameter, which quantifies how poorly agents understand future policy and its impact. That myopia parameter, in turn, a↵ects the power of monetary and fiscal policy in a microfounded general equilibrium. A number of consequences emerge. (i) Fiscal stimulus or “helicopter drops of money” are powerful and, indeed, pull the economy out of the zero lower bound. More generally, the model allows for the joint analysis of optimal monetary and fiscal policy. (ii) The Taylor principle is strongly modified: even with passive monetary policy, equilibrium is determinate, whereas the traditional rational model yields multiple equilibria, which reduce its predictive power, and generates indeterminate economies at the zero lower bound (ZLB). (iii) The ZLB is much less costly than in the traditional model. (iv) The model helps solve the “forward guidance puzzle”: the fact that in the rational model, shocks to very distant rates have a very powerful impact on today’s consumption and inflation: because agents are partially myopic, this e↵ect is muted. (v) Optimal policy changes qualitatively: the optimal commitment policy with rational agents demands “nominal GDP targeting”; this is not the case with behavioral firms, as the benefits of commitment are less strong with myopic firms. (vi) The model is “neo-Fisherian” in the long run, but Keynesian in the short run: a permanent rise in the interest rate decreases inflation in the short run but increases it in the long run. The non-standard behavioral features of the model seem warranted by the extant empirical evidence. ∗ xgabaix@fas.harvard.edu. I thank Igor Cesarec, Vu Chau, Wu Di and James Graham for excellent research assistance. For useful comments I thank Marios Angeletos, Adrien Auclert, Je↵ Campbell, Larry Christiano, John Cochrane, Gauti Eggertsson, Emmanuel Farhi, Jordi Gaĺı, Mark Gertler, Narayana Kocherlakota, John Leahy, Ricardo Reis, Michael Woodford, and participants at various seminars and conferences. I am grateful to the CGEB, the Institute for New Economic Thinking, the NSF (SES-1325181) and the Sloan Foundation for financial support.
Control for Aerial Transportation Using a Quadrotor with a Multi-DOF Manipulator

This paper presents a control method for a quadrotor equipped with a multi-DOF manipulator to transport a common object to the desired position. By considering a quadrotor and robot arm as a combined system, called quadrorot-manipulator system, the kinematic and dynamitic models are built together in a general version using Euler-Lagrange(EL) equations. The impact on the quadrotormanipulator system caused by the object is also considered. The transportation task can be decomposed into five steps. The planning trajectory can be obtained when the initial and the fianl position of the object is given. With the combined dynamic model, we propose a control scheme consisting of position controller, attitude controller and manipulator controller to track the planning trajectory. To validate our approach, the simulation results of a transportation task with a quadrotor with a 2-DOF manipulator was presented.
Recovering traceability links between unit tests and classes under test: An improved method

Unit tests are valuable as a source of up-to-date documentation as developers continuously changes them to reflect changes in the production code to keep an effective regression suite. Maintaining traceability links between unit tests and classes under test can help developers to comprehend parts of a system. In particular, unit tests show how parts of a system are executed and as such how they are supposed to be used. Moreover, the dependencies between unit tests and classes can be exploited to maintain the consistency during refactoring. Generally, such dependences are not explicitly maintained and they have to be recovered during software development. Some guidelines and naming conventions have been defined to describe the testing environment in order to easily identify related tests for a programming task. However, very often these guidelines are not followed making the identification of links between unit tests and classes a time-consuming task. Thus, automatic approaches to recover such links are needed. In this paper a traceability recovery approach based on Data Flow Analysis (DFA) is presented. In particular, the approach retrieves as tested classes all the classes that affect the result of the last assert statement in each method of the unit test class. The accuracy of the proposed method has been empirically evaluated on two systems, an open source system and an industrial system. As a benchmark, we compare the accuracy of the DFA-based approach with the accuracy of the previously used traceability recovery approaches, namely Naming Convention (NC) and Last Call Before Assert (LCBA) that seem to provide the most accurate results. The results show that the proposed approach is the most accurate method demonstrating the effectiveness of DFA. However, the case study also highlights the limitations of the experimented traceability recovery approaches, showing that detecting the class under test cannot be fully automated and some issues are still under study.
A co-training method for identifying the same person across social networks

In order to fit the diverse scenes in life, more and more people choose to join different types of social networks simultaneously. These different networks often contain the information that people leave in a particular scene. Under the circumstances, identifying the same person across different social networks is a crucial way to help us understand the user from multiple aspects. The current solution to this problem focuses on using only profile matching or relational matching method. Some other methods take the two aspect of information into consideration, but they associate the profile similarity with relation similarity simply by a parameter. The matching results on two dimensions may have large difference, directly link them may reduce the overall similarity. Unlike the most of the previous work, we propose to utilize collaborative training method to tackle this problem. We run experiments on two real-world social network datasets, and the experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of our method.
Electrical filamentation in ggMOS protection structures

On the basis of the two-dimensional numerical simulation the isothermal current instability and filamentation are studied in the grounded gate MOS ESD protection (ggMOS) structures with lightly doped drain (LDD). It is demonstrated that avalanche injection breakdown in the LDD MOS structures results in two stage secondary breakdown and filamentation process. In the first stage a low amplitude filament limited by current saturation in LDD region is formed. In the second stage high amplitude filaments are formed between the source and drain contact n+-regions. The local burnout of the structure is clarified by the resulting high local overheating in the isothermal filament.
Branch Flow Model: Relaxations and Convexification—Part II

We propose a branch flow model for the analysis and optimization of mesh as well as radial networks. The model leads to a new approach to solving optimal power flow (OPF) that consists of two relaxation steps. The first step eliminates the voltage and current angles and the second step approximates the resulting problem by a conic program that can be solved efficiently. For radial networks, we prove that both relaxation steps are always exact, provided there are no upper bounds on loads. For mesh networks, the conic relaxation is always exact but the angle relaxation may not be exact, and we provide a simple way to determine if a relaxed solution is globally optimal. We propose convexification of mesh networks using phase shifters so that OPF for the convexified network can always be solved efficiently for an optimal solution. We prove that convexification requires phase shifters only outside a spanning tree of the network and their placement depends only on network topology, not on power flows, generation, loads, or operating constraints. Part I introduces our branch flow model, explains the two relaxation steps, and proves the conditions for exact relaxation. Part II describes convexification of mesh networks, and presents simulation results.
25-Hydroxycholesterol-3-sulfate regulates macrophage lipid metabolism via the LXR/SREBP-1 signaling pathway.

The oxysterol receptor LXR is a key transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism. LXR increases expression of SREBP-1, which in turn regulates at least 32 genes involved in lipid synthesis and transport. We recently identified 25-hydroxycholesterol-3-sulfate (25HC3S) as an important regulatory molecule in the liver. We have now studied the effects of 25HC3S and its precursor, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), on lipid metabolism as mediated by the LXR/SREBP-1 signaling in macrophages. Addition of 25HC3S to human THP-1-derived macrophages markedly decreased nuclear LXR protein levels. 25HC3S administration was followed by dose- and time-dependent decreases in SREBP-1 mature protein and mRNA levels. 25HC3S decreased the expression of SREBP-1-responsive genes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) as well as HMGR and LDLR, which are key proteins involved in lipid metabolism. Subsequently, 25HC3S decreased intracellular lipids and increased cell proliferation. In contrast to 25HC3S, 25HC acted as an LXR ligand, increasing ABCA1, ABCG1, SREBP-1, and FAS mRNA levels. In the presence of 25HC3S, 25HC, and LXR agonist T0901317, stimulation of LXR targeting gene expression was repressed. We conclude that 25HC3S acts in macrophages as a cholesterol satiety signal, downregulating cholesterol and fatty acid synthetic pathways via inhibition of LXR/SREBP signaling. A possible role of oxysterol sulfation is proposed.