nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Urban social structure : a focus on the development industry

Urban social structure or the spatial arrangement of social groups in cities has long been the subject of scholarly attention in urban studies from a variety of perspectives. Such attention has focused primarily on understanding the process and forces that give rise to structure, to some extent on the adverse consequences of socially differentiated or even polarised cities, and on policy to address these consequences or to socially engineer urban structure. Development firms are the key entrepreneurs who build the new urban fabric on which socio-spatial differentiation takes place. Through the processes of targeting specific market segments they play a pivotal role in shaping urban social structure by providing groups of specific types of residential development tailored to specific market groups in specific locations. Yet despite the long history of study of urban social structure, existing approaches have afforded little and insufficient attention to the role of the development industry in shaping urban social space. This paper makes the case that an approach that focuses on the development industry role is needed to complement existing perspectives and because it is highly relevant if not necessary for effective policy making. Moreover, this focus is increasingly important and relevant in a contemporary context where the nature of urban development is changing and in which the decisions of private sector players play an increasing role in shaping structure. This paper outlines the desirable qualities of such an approach including the need to address both structure and agency.
High Performance Current Source Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive with Minimal Harmonic Distortion

This paper discusses the minimization of the line- and motor-side harmonics in a high power current source drive system. The proposed control achieves speed regulation over the entire speed range with enhanced transient performance and minimal harmonic distortion of the line and motor currents while limiting the switching frequency of current source converters to a maximum of 540 Hz. To minimize the motor current harmonic distortion, space vector modulation (SVM) and selective harmonic elimination (SHE) schemes are optimally implemented according to different drive operating conditions. In order to suppress line- side resonant harmonics, an active damping method using a combination of a virtual harmonic resistor and a three-step modulation signal regulator is employed. The performance of the proposed current source drive is verified by simulation for a 1 MVA system and experiments on a 10 kVA gate-commutated thyristor (GCT) based laboratory drive system.
A 22–29-GHz UWB Pulse-Radar Receiver Front-End in 0.18-$\mu{\hbox{m}}$  CMOS

The design of a CMOS 22-29-GHz pulse-radar receiver (RX) front-end for ultra-wideband automotive radar sensors is presented. The chip includes a low-noise amplifier, in-phase/quadrature mixers, a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO), pulse formers, and baseband variable-gain amplifiers. Fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS process, the RX front-end chip occupies a die area of 3 mm2. On-wafer measurements show a conversion gain of 35-38.1 dB, a noise figure of 5.5-7.4 dB, and an input return loss less than -14.5 dB in the 22-29-GHz automotive radar band. The phase noise of the constituent QVCO is -107 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset from a center frequency of 26.5 GHz. The total dc power dissipation of the RX including output buffers is 131 mW.
Probabilistic Skimlets Fusion for Summarizing Multiple Consumer Landmark Videos

It is difficult to develop a computational model that can accurately predict the quality of the video summary. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to summarize one-shot landmark videos. The algorithm can optimally combine multiple unedited consumer video skims into an aesthetically pleasing summary. In particular, to effectively select the representative key frames from multiple videos, an active learning algorithm is derived by taking advantage of the locality of the frames within each video. Toward a smooth video summary, we define skimlet, a video clip with adjustable length, starting frame, and positioned by each skim. Thereby, a probabilistic framework is developed to transfer the visual cues from a collection of aesthetically pleasing photos into the video summary. The length and the starting frame of each skimlet are calculated to maximally smoothen the video summary. At the same time, the unstable frames are removed from each skimlet. Experiments on multiple videos taken from different sceneries demonstrated the aesthetics, the smoothness, and the stability of the generated summary.
Prosopopeia — Playing on the Edge of Reality

In this paper we discuss the genre of pervasive larp that seamlessly merges game and ordinary life, presenting Prosopopeia Bardo : Där vi föll, which was intended as a proof-of-concept for the genre. In addition to being a street larp staged in the cityscape, Prosopopeia aimed at blurring the border of game and ordinary life by spanning over a long duration of players’ lives and by forcing the players to larp with outsiders. Mixing the game content and non-game content turned out to produce a load of engaging experiences and emergent game content.
The neurobiology of D-amino acid oxidase and its involvement in schizophrenia

D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) is a flavoenzyme that metabolizes certain D-amino acids, notably the endogenous N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) co-agonist, D-serine. As such, it has the potential to modulate the function of NMDAR and to contribute to the widely hypothesized involvement of NMDAR signalling in schizophrenia. Three lines of evidence now provide support for this possibility: DAO shows genetic associations with the disorder in several, although not all, studies; the expression and activity of DAO are increased in schizophrenia; and DAO inactivation in rodents produces behavioural and biochemical effects, suggestive of potential therapeutic benefits. However, several key issues remain unclear. These include the regional, cellular and subcellular localization of DAO, the physiological importance of DAO and its substrates other than D-serine, as well as the causes and consequences of elevated DAO in schizophrenia. Herein, we critically review the neurobiology of DAO, its involvement in schizophrenia, and the therapeutic value of DAO inhibition. This review also highlights issues that have a broader relevance beyond DAO itself: how should we weigh up convergent and cumulatively impressive, but individually inconclusive, pieces of evidence regarding the role that a given gene may have in the aetiology, pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia?
Intelligent Use of Intelligence Tests : Empirical and Clinical Support for Canadian WAIS – IV Norms

It is well established that Canadians produce higher raw scores than their U.S. counterparts on intellectual assessments. As a result of these differences in ability along with smaller variability in the population’s intellectual performance, Canadian normative data will yield lower standard scores for most raw score points compared to U.S. norms. Two recent studies have questioned the utility of the WAIS–IV Canadian norms based on the performance of a mixed clinical sample of post-secondary students. These studies suggest that a greater proportion of cases from their mixed clinical samples fall below a full-scale IQ of 85 using the WAIS–IV Canadian norms than should be “expected.” The purpose of the current study is threefold: First, to summarize the consistent finding of Canada–U.S. differences on measures of ability and present new empirical analyses to demonstrate these results are not due to a smaller sample size for Canadian norms. Second, and most importantly, matched sample comparisons demonstrate that the proportion of low scoring individuals (FSIQ < 85) in mixed clinical samples is consistent with the rates published by recent studies, and not greater than expected. Third, we offer evidence-based advice to clinicians practicing in Canada on the appropriate use of Canadian norms for Canadian clients during an individual assessment of intellectual functioning.
Reaping benefits from intellectual capital.

The wealth and value of organizations are increasingly based on intellectual capital. Although acquiring talented individuals and investing in employee learning adds value to the organization, reaping the benefits of intellectual capital involves translating the wisdom of employees into reusable and sustained actions. This requires a culture that creates employee commitment, encourages learning, fosters sharing, and involves employees in decision making. An infrastructure to recognize and embed promising and best practices through social networks, evidence-based practice, customization of innovations, and use of information technology results in increased productivity, stronger financial performance, better patient outcomes, and greater employee and customer satisfaction.
IRIS explorer software for radial-depth cueing reovirus particles and other macromolecular structures determined by cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction.

Structures of biological macromolecules determined by transmission cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and three-dimensional image reconstruction are often displayed as surface-shaded representations with depth cueing along the viewed direction (Z cueing). Depth cueing to indicate distance from the center of virus particles (radial-depth cueing, or R cueing) has also been used. We have found that a style of R cueing in which color is applied in smooth or discontinuous gradients using the IRIS Explorer software is an informative technique for displaying the structures of virus particles solved by cryo-TEM and image reconstruction. To develop and test these methods, we used existing cryo-TEM reconstructions of mammalian reovirus particles. The newly applied visualization techniques allowed us to discern several new structural features, including sites in the inner capsid through which the viral mRNAs may be extruded after they are synthesized by the reovirus transcriptase complexes. To demonstrate the broad utility of the methods, we also applied them to cryo-TEM reconstructions of human rhinovirus, native and swollen forms of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, truncated core of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and flagellar filament of Salmonella typhimurium. We conclude that R cueing with color gradients is a useful tool for displaying virus particles and other macromolecules analyzed by cryo-TEM and image reconstruction.
A Haskell compiler for signal transforms

Building a reusable, auto-tuning code generator from scratch is a challenging problem, requiring many careful design choices. We describe HSpiral, a Haskell compiler for signal transforms that builds on the foundational work of Spiral. Our design leverages many Haskell language features to ensure that our framework is reusable, flexible, and efficient. As well as describing the design of our system, we show how to extend it to support new classes of transforms, including the number-theoretic transform and a variant of the split-radix algorithm that results in reduced operation counts. We also show how to incorporate rewrite rules into our system to reproduce results from previous literature on code generation for the fast Fourier transform. 
 Although the Spiral project demonstrated significant advances in automatic code generation, it has not been widely used by other researchers. HSpiral is freely available under an MIT-style license, and we are actively working to turn it into a tool to further both our own research goals and to serve as a foundation for other research groups' work in developing new implementations of signal transform algorithms.
Rotman lens beam formers for Army multifunction RF antenna applications

An electronic scanning antenna (ESA) that uses a beam former, such as a Rotman lens, has the ability to form multiple beams for shared-aperture applications. This characteristic makes the antenna suitable for integration into systems exploiting the multi-function radio frequency (MFRF) concept, meeting the needs for a future combat system (FCS) RF sensor. An antenna which electronically scans 45/spl deg/ in azimuth has been built and successfully tested at ARL to demonstrate this multiple-beam, shared-aperture approach at K/sub a/ band. Subsequent efforts are focused on reducing the component size and weight while extending the scanning ability of the antenna to a full hemisphere with both azimuth and elevation scanning. Primary emphasis has been on the beamformer, a Rotman lens or similar device, and the switches used to select the beams. Approaches described include replacing the cavity Rotman lens used in the prototype MFRF system with a dielectrically loaded Rotman lens having a waveguide-fed cavity, a microstrip-fed parallel plate, or a surface-wave configuration in order to reduce the overall size. The paper discusses the challenges and progress in the development of Rotman lens beam formers to support such an antenna.
Leveraging LMSs to Enhance Campus-Based Student Engagement

We need to better understand the influence of learning management systems (LMSs) on student engagement in order to use these powerful technologies to improve campus-based education. Over the past 10 years, online learning management has been adopted by many campus-based institutions, becoming almost ubiquitous in many parts of the world. These systems have profound yet uncertain implications for university education. They have the capacity to influence the management of academic programs, teaching practices, and the way students engage with key aspects of their university experience. This article suggests an approach for monitoring how the systems may influence students’ engagement with their study and how they might be used to improve campus-based education. The widespread and rapid adoption of LMSs exemplifies the inroads online learning systems have made into campus-based education. Recent estimates suggest that in many countries, about three quarters of institutions have an LMS. This rapid uptake is somewhat surprising, given the caution with which many universities have embraced pedagogical innovation and the capacity of LMSs to influence the core university business of teaching and learning. LMSs have the capacity to influence how students engage with their study and to change collaboration, communication, and access to learning materials. LMSs enrich student learning by offering access to a greater range of interactive resources, making course contents more cognitively accessible, providing automated and adaptive forms of assessment, and developing students’ technology literacy. Asynchronous online tools allow students to interact with learning materials, their peers, and the entire university in ways not bound by time or place. Despite significant adoption of online learning systems and growing recogLeveraging LMSs to Enhance Campus-Based Student Engagement
Types, Abstraction and Parametric Polymorphism

In this report we discuss the findings of a Web-based questionnaire aimed at discovering both patterns of use of videoconferencing systems within HP and the reasons people give for either not using, or for using such systems. The primary motivation was to understand these issues for the purpose of designing new kinds of technology to support remote work rather than as an investigation into HP’s internal processes. The questionnaire, filled out via the Web by 4532 people across HP, showed that most participants (68%) had not taken part in a videoconference within the last 3 years, and only 3% of the sample were frequent users. Of those who had used videoconference systems, the main benefits were perceived to be the ability to: see people they had never met before, see facial expressions and gestures, and follow conversations with multiple participants more easily. The main problems that users of videoconference technology perceived were: the high overhead of setting up and planning videoconferencing meetings, a lack of a widespread base of users, the perception that videoconference technology did not add value over existing communication tools, and quality and reliability issues. Non-users indicated that the main barriers were lack of access to videoconference facilities and tools and a perception that they did not need to use this tool because other tools were satisfactory. The findings from this study in a real work setting are related to findings in the research literature, and implications for system design and research are identified.
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity-Backed Dumbbell-Shaped Slot Antenna for Dual-Frequency Applications

In this letter, a novel dumbbell-shaped slot along with thin substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity backing ( ) is used to design dual-frequency slot antenna. The proposed design exhibits unidirectional radiation characteristics, high gain, high front to back ratio (FTBR) at each resonant frequency while maintaining low profile, planar configuration. The unique slot shape helps to introduce complex current distribution at different frequencies that results in simultaneous excitation of hybrid mode at higher frequency along with conventional TE120 mode in the cavity. Both conventional mode and the hybrid mode helps the modified slot to radiate at the corresponding resonant frequencies resulting in compact, dual-frequency antenna. A fabricated prototype is also presented which resonates at 9.5 GHz and 13.85 GHz with impedance bandwidth more than 1.5% at both resonant frequencies and gain of 4.8 dBi and 3.74 dBi respectively. The front-to-back ratio of the antenna are above 10 dB at both operating frequencies.
Automatic Extraction of Actionable Knowledge

In this paper, we describe K-Extractor, a powerful NLP framework that provides integrated and seamless access to structured and unstructured information with minimal effort. The K-Extractor converts natural language documents into a rich set of semantic triples that, not only, can be stored within an RDF semantic index, but also, can be queried using natural language questions, thus eliminating the need to manually formulate SPARQL queries. The K-Extractor greatly outperforms a free text search index-based question answering system.
Mikulicz's procedure with levator muscle and external anal sphincter plasty in the treatment of rectal prolapse.

Rectal prolapse is the partial or complete protrusion of the rectal wall into the anal canal. The most common etiology consists in the insufficiency of the diaphragm of the lesser pelvis and anal sphincter apparatus. Methods of surgical treatment involve perineal or abdominal approach surgical procedures. The aim of the study was to present the method of surgical rectal prolapse treatment, according to Mikulicz's procedure by means of the perineal approach, based on our own experience and literature review.



The study group comprised 16 patients, including 14 women and 2 men, aged between 38 and 82 years admitted to the department, due to rectal prolapse, during the period between 2000 and 2012. Nine female patients, aged between 68 and 82 years (mean age-76.3 years) with fullthickness rectal prolapse underwent surgery by means of Mikulicz's method with levator muscle and external anal sphincter plasty. The most common comorbidities amongst patients operated by means of Mikulicz's method included cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.



Mean hospitalization was 14.4 days (ranging between 12 and 17 days). Despite advanced age and poor general condition of the patients, complications during the perioperative period were not observed. Good early and late functional results were achieved. The degree of anal sphincter continence was determined 6-8 weeks after surgery showing significant improvement, as compared to results obtained prior to surgery. One case of recurrence consisting in mucosal prolapse was noted, being treated surgically by means of Whitehead's method. Good treatment results were observed.



Transperineal rectosigmoidectomy using Mikulicz's method with levator muscle and external anal sphincter plasty seems to be an effective, minimally invasive and relatively safe procedure that does not require general anesthesia. It is recommended in case of patients with significant comorbidities and high surgical risk.
TOWARDS SMART HOME : CONTROL ELECTRICAL DEVICES ONLINE

The rapid growth of the World Wide Web, has made the web is not just use for delivering information. Currently, Web is used to carry information in a borderless way since one of its features is stateless. The extension of the technology has discovered a web also could delivered signals. Since the introduction to the smart home concept, a web plays an important roles to control almost every electrical devices connected to internet that enable the user can control it every where. This paper presents on development of web-based controller for control electrical device. The prototype developed using Microsoft Visual Studio. NET and Circuit design. The methodology used in this project consists of three main phases which are Analysis,  For future advancement, the prototype intends to include SMS module so that controlling can be done through SMS.
Prospects of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals loaded microparticles prepared by double emulsion technique for controlled delivery.

Several methods and techniques are potentially useful for the preparation of microparticles in the field of controlled drug delivery. The type and the size of the microparticles, the entrapment, release characteristics and stability of drug in microparticles in the formulations are dependent on the method used. One of the most common methods of preparing microparticles is the single emulsion technique. Poorly soluble, lipophilic drugs are successfully retained within the microparticles prepared by this method. However, the encapsulation of highly water soluble compounds including protein and peptides presents formidable challenges to the researchers. The successful encapsulation of such compounds requires high drug loading in the microparticles, prevention of protein and peptide degradation by the encapsulation method involved and predictable release, both rate and extent, of the drug compound from the microparticles. The above mentioned problems can be overcome by using the double emulsion technique, alternatively called as multiple emulsion technique. Aiming to achieve this various techniques have been examined to prepare stable formulations utilizing w/o/w, s/o/w, w/o/o, and s/o/o type double emulsion methods. This article reviews the current state of the art in double emulsion based technologies for the preparation of microparticles including the investigation of various classes of substances that are pharmaceutically and biopharmaceutically active.