nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Mandibular intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma lesion associated with odontogenic keratocyst: a case report

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral cavity, and it accounts for about 90% of all oral cancers. Several risk factors for oral SCC have been identified; however, SCC associated with odontogenic keratocysts have rarely been reported. The present study describes the case of a 36-year-old man with SCC of the right ramus of the mandible, which was initially diagnosed as a benign odontogenic cyst. He underwent enucleation at another hospital followed by segmental mandibulectomy and fibular free flap reconstruction at our institution. In this case, we introduce a patient with oral cancer associated with odontogenic cyst on the mandible and report a satisfactory outcome with wide resection and immediate free flap reconstruction.
In vitro anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of five medicinal plants against egg-hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Senna occidentalis, Leonotis ocymifolia, Leucas martinicensis, Rumex abyssinicus, and Albizia schimperiana are traditionally used for treatment of various ailments including helminth infection in Ethiopia.



In vitro egg hatch assay and larval development tests were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of crude aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of the leaves of Senna occidentalis, aerial parts of Leonotis ocymifolia, Leucas martinicensis, Rumex abyssinicus, and stem bark of Albizia schimperiana on eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus.



Both aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Leucas martinicensis, Leonotis ocymifolia and aqueous extract of Senna occidentalis and Albizia schimperiana induced complete inhibition of egg hatching at concentration less than or equal to 1mg/ml. Aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of all tested medicinal plants have shown statistically significant and dose dependent egg hatching inhibition. Based on ED(50), the most potent extracts were aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Leucas martinicensis (0.09 mg/ml), aqueous extracts of Rumex abyssinicus (0.11 mg/ml) and Albizia schimperiana (0.11 mg/ml). Most of the tested plant extracts have shown remarkable larval development inhibition. Aqueous extracts of Leonotis ocymifolia, Leucas martinicensis, Albizia schimperiana and Senna occidentalis induced 100, 99.85, 99.31, and 96.36% inhibition of larval development, respectively; while hydro-alcoholic extracts of Albizia schimperiana induced 99.09 inhibition at the highest concentration tested (50mg/ml). Poor inhibition was recorded for hydro-alcoholic extracts of Senna occidentalis (9%) and Leonotis ocymifolia (37%) at 50mg/ml.



The overall findings of the current study indicated that the evaluated medicinal plants have potential anthelmintic effect and further in vitro and in vivo evaluation is indispensable to make use of these plants.
Targeting excessive free radicals with peels and juices of citrus fruits: grapefruit, lemon, lime and orange.

A comparative study between the antioxidant properties of peel (flavedo and albedo) and juice of some commercially grown citrus fruit (Rutaceae), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lemon (Citrus limon), lime (Citrusxaurantiifolia) and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) was performed. Different in vitro assays were applied to the volatile and polar fractions of peels and to crude and polar fraction of juices: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation using beta-carotene-linoleate model system in liposomes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay in brain homogenates. Reducing sugars and phenolics were the main antioxidant compounds found in all the extracts. Peels polar fractions revealed the highest contents in phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and reducing sugars, which certainly contribute to the highest antioxidant potential found in these fractions. Peels volatile fractions were clearly separated using discriminant analysis, which is in agreement with their lowest antioxidant potential.
The empirical foundations of telemedicine interventions for chronic disease management.

The telemedicine intervention in chronic disease management promises to involve patients in their own care, provides continuous monitoring by their healthcare providers, identifies early symptoms, and responds promptly to exacerbations in their illnesses. This review set out to establish the evidence from the available literature on the impact of telemedicine for the management of three chronic diseases: congestive heart failure, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. By design, the review focuses on a limited set of representative chronic diseases because of their current and increasing importance relative to their prevalence, associated morbidity, mortality, and cost. Furthermore, these three diseases are amenable to timely interventions and secondary prevention through telemonitoring. The preponderance of evidence from studies using rigorous research methods points to beneficial results from telemonitoring in its various manifestations, albeit with a few exceptions. Generally, the benefits include reductions in use of service: hospital admissions/re-admissions, length of hospital stay, and emergency department visits typically declined. It is important that there often were reductions in mortality. Few studies reported neutral or mixed findings.
ISO 9000 QUALITY STANDARDS IN CONSTRUCTION

There is risk involved in any construction project. A contractor’s quality assurance system is essential in preventing problems and the reoccurrence of problems. This system ensures consistent quality for the contractor’s clients. An evaluation of the quality systems of 15 construction contractors in Saudi Arabia is discussed here. The evaluation was performed against the ISO 9000 standard. The contractors’ quality systems vary in complexity, ranging from an informal inspection and test system to a comprehensive system. The ISO 9000 clauses most often complied with are those dealing with (1) inspection and test status; (2) inspection and testing; (3) control of nonconformance product; and (4) handling, storage, and preservation. The clauses least complied with concern (1) design control; (2) internal auditing; (3) training; and (4) statistical techniques. Documentation of a quality system is scarce for the majority of the contractors.
Differential effects of stress and glucocorticoids on adult neurogenesis.

Stress is known to inhibit neuronal growth in the hippocampus. In addition to reducing the size and complexity of the dendritic tree, stress and elevated glucocorticoid levels are known to inhibit adult neurogenesis. Despite the negative effects of stress hormones on progenitor cell proliferation in the hippocampus, some experiences which produce robust increases in glucocorticoid levels actually promote neuronal growth. These experiences, including running, mating, enriched environment living, and intracranial self-stimulation, all share in common a strong hedonic component. Taken together, the findings suggest that rewarding experiences buffer progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus from the negative effects of elevated stress hormones. This chapter considers the evidence that stress and glucocorticoids inhibit neuronal growth along with the paradoxical findings of enhanced neuronal growth under rewarding conditions with a view toward understanding the underlying biological mechanisms.
Generating Photo-Realistic Training Data to Improve Face Recognition Accuracy

In this paper we investigate the feasibility of using synthetic data to augment face datasets. In particular, we propose a novel generative adversarial network (GAN) that can disentangle identity-related attributes from non-identity-related attributes. This is done by training an embedding network that maps discrete identity labels to an identity latent space that follows a simple prior distribution, and training a GAN conditioned on samples from that distribution. Our proposed GAN allows us to augment face datasets by generating both synthetic images of subjects in the training set and synthetic images of new subjects not in the training set. By using recent advances in GAN training, we show that the synthetic images generated by our model are photo-realistic, and that training with augmented datasets can indeed increase the accuracy of face recognition models as compared with models trained with real images alone.
FLUXNET: A New Tool to Study the Temporal and Spatial Variability of Ecosystem-Scale Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and Energy Flux Densities

FLUXNET is a global network of micrometeorological flux measurement sites that measure the exchanges of car­ bon dioxide, water vapor, and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere. At present over 140 sites are operating on a long-term and continuous basis. Vegetation under study includes temperate conifer and broadleaved (deciduous and evergreen) forests, tropical and boreal forests, crops, grasslands, chaparral, wetlands, and tundra. Sites exist on five con­ tinents and their latitudinal distribution ranges from 70°N to 30°S. FLUXNET has several primary functions. First, it provides infrastructure for compiling, archiving, and distributing carbon, water, and energy flux measurement, and meteorological, plant, and soil data to the science community. (Data and site information are available online at the FLUXNET Web site, http://www-eosdis.oml.gov/FLUXNET/.) Second, the project supports calibration and flux intercomparison activities. This activity ensures that data from the regional networks are intercomparable. And third, FLUXNET supports the synthesis, discussion, and communication of ideas and data by supporting project scientists, workshops, and visiting scientists. The overarching goal is to provide infor­ mation for validating computations of net primary productivity, evaporation, and energy absorption that are being generated by sensors mounted on the NASA Terra satellite. Data being compiled by FLUXNET are being used to quantify and compare magnitudes and dynamics of annual ecosystem carbon and water balances, to quantify the response of stand-scale carbon dioxide and water vapor flux densities to controlling biotic and abiotic factors, and to validate a hierarchy of soil-plant-atmosphere trace gas ex­ change models. Findings so far include 1) net CO  ̂ exchange of temperate broadleaved forests increases by about 5.7 g C m“̂ day^ for each additional day that the growing season is extended; 2) the sensitivity of net ecosystem CO  ̂ exchange to sunlight doubles if the sky is cloudy rather than clear; 3) the spectrum of CO  ̂flux density exhibits peaks at timescales of days, weeks, and years, and a spectral gap exists at the month timescale; 4) the optimal temperature of net CO  ̂exchange varies with mean summer temperature; and 5) stand age affects carbon dioxide and water vapor flux densities. ^ESPM, University o f California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California. *^Pflanzenokologie, Universitat Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany. Environm ental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CAPPARIS SPINOSA-AN OVERVIEW

Capparis spinosa contained many biologically active chemical groups including, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids steroids, carbohydrates, saponins and a wide range of minerals and trace elements. It exerted many pharmacological effects including antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiovascular, bronchorelaxant and many other effects. The present review will designed to highlight the chemical constituents and the pharmacological effects of Capparis spinosa.
Self-View Grounding Given a Narrated 360° Video

Narrated 360◦ videos are typically provided in many touring scenarios to mimic real-world experience. However, previous work has shown that smart assistance (i.e., providing visual guidance) can significantly help users to follow the Normal Field of View (NFoV) corresponding to the narrative. In this project, we aim at automatically grounding the NFoVs of a 360◦ video given subtitles of the narrative (referred to as “NFoV-grounding”). We propose a novel Visual Grounding Model (VGM) to implicitly and efficiently predict the NFoVs given the video content and subtitles. Specifically, at each frame, we efficiently encode the panorama into feature map of candidate NFoVs using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the subtitles to the same hidden space using an RNN with Gated Recurrent Units (GRU). Then, we apply soft-attention on candidate NFoVs to trigger sentence decoder aiming to minimize the reconstruct loss between the generated and given sentence. Finally, we obtain the NFoV as the candidate NFoV with the maximum attention without any human supervision. To train VGM more robustly, we also generate a reverse sentence conditioning on one minus the soft-attention such that the attention focuses on candidate NFoVs less relevant to the given sentence. The negative log reconstruction loss of the reverse sentence (referred to as “irrelevant loss”) is jointly minimized to encourage the reverse sentence to be different from the given sentence. To evaluate our method, we collect the first narrated 360◦ videos dataset and achieve state-of-the-art NFoV-grounding performance.  Thanks to the availability of consumer-level 360◦ video cameras, many 360◦ videos are shared on websites like YouTube and Facebook. Among these videos, a subset of them is narrated with natural language phrases describing the video content. For instance, many videos consist of the guided tour of real estates (e.g., houses and apartments) or tourist locations. Intuitively, a 360◦ touring video provides viewers the freedom to follow the narrative and select Normal Field of Views (NFoVs) provided by typical video players . However, a study in Lin et al. (2017) suggests that visual guidance (i.e., assistance through visual indicator) is preferred to assist viewers to follow the NFoV described by the narrative. In order to provide the visual
Autoregressive Parameter Estimation for Kalman Filtering Speech Enhancement

In this paper, autoregressive parameter estimation for Kalman filtering speech enhancement is studied. In conventional Kalman filtering speech enhancement, spectral subtraction is usually used for speech autoregressive (AR) parameter estimation. We propose log spectral amplitude (LSA) minimum mean-square error (MMSE) instead of spectral subtraction for the estimation of speech AR parameters. Based on an observation that full-band Kalman filtering speech enhancement often causes an unbalanced noise reduction between speech and non-speech segments, a spectral solution is proposed to overcome the unbalanced reduction of noise. This is done by shaping the spectral envelopes of the noise through likelihood ratio. Our simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Phenotypes of orthostatic blood pressure behaviour and association with visual acuity

Manifestations of neurocardiovascular instability (NCVI), including orthostatic hypotension (OH) orthostatic hypertension (OHTN) and impaired blood pressure variability (BPV), have been associated with cardiovascular (CV) events. The eye is highly vascular and we propose an ideal target end organ to investigate pathological implications of NCVI. To identify and define clinically applicable phenotypes of orthostatic blood pressure (BP) behaviour, analogous to OH, OHTN, and orthostatic BPV and to investigate their relationship to vision. Wave one data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) were used. Orthostatic BP (OBP) phenotypes were identified and defined from beat-to-beat BP data, measured by digital photoplethysmography during an active stand (AS) lasting 110 s (s). Visual acuity (VA) was assessed using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (EDTRS) LogMAR chart. The relationship between OBP phenotypes and VA in 4355 adults aged ≥50 years was investigated through multivariate linear regression models. There was a wide fluctuation in the prevalence of OH and OHTN up to 20 s after standing. After 30 s, four distinct OBP phenotypes were identified: in 70 % BP stabilised to within 20/10 mmHg of baseline BP, 4 % had persistent OH, 2 % had persistent OHTN and 25 % had exaggerated orthostatic blood pressure variability BPV. Systolic BPV was associated with worse VA (P = 0.02) as was diastolic BPV (P = 0.03), following adjustment for demographics, health behaviours, self-report eye diseases and diabetes, uncorrected refractive error, objective hypertension and antihypertensives. The hypothesis that NCVI may independently modulate CV risk is supported the independent association of exaggerated BPV and worse VA.
New CRISPR-Cas systems from uncultivated microbes

CRISPR–Cas systems provide microbes with adaptive immunity by employing short DNA sequences, termed spacers, that guide Cas proteins to cleave foreign DNA. Class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems are streamlined versions, in which a single RNA-bound Cas protein recognizes and cleaves target sequences. The programmable nature of these minimal systems has enabled researchers to repurpose them into a versatile technology that is broadly revolutionizing biological and clinical research. However, current CRISPR–Cas technologies are based solely on systems from isolated bacteria, leaving the vast majority of enzymes from organisms that have not been cultured untapped. Metagenomics, the sequencing of DNA extracted directly from natural microbial communities, provides access to the genetic material of a huge array of uncultivated organisms. Here, using genome-resolved metagenomics, we identify a number of CRISPR–Cas systems, including the first reported Cas9 in the archaeal domain of life, to our knowledge. This divergent Cas9 protein was found in little-studied nanoarchaea as part of an active CRISPR–Cas system. In bacteria, we discovered two previously unknown systems, CRISPR–CasX and CRISPR–CasY, which are among the most compact systems yet discovered. Notably, all required functional components were identified by metagenomics, enabling validation of robust in vivo RNA-guided DNA interference activity in Escherichia coli. Interrogation of environmental microbial communities combined with in vivo experiments allows us to access an unprecedented diversity of genomes, the content of which will expand the repertoire of microbe-based biotechnologies.
Successful Reuse of Software Components: A Report from the Open Source Perspective

A promising way of software reuse is Component-Based Software Development (CBSD). There is an increasing number of OSS products available that can be freely used in product development. However, OSS communities themselves have not yet taken full advantage of the “reuse mechanism”. Many OSS projects duplicate effort and code, even when sharing the same application domain and topic. One successful counter-example is the FFMpeg multimedia project, since several of its components are widely and consistently reused into other OSS projects. This paper documents the history of the libavcodec library of components from the FFMpeg project, which at present is reused in more than 140 OSS projects. Most of the recipients use it as a blackbox component, although a number of OSS projects keep a copy of it in their repositories, and modify it as such. In both cases, we argue that libavcodec is a successful example of reusable OSS library of compo-
Cannabinoids in exhaled breath following controlled administration of smoked cannabis.

Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), and cannabinol (CBN) were measured in breath following controlled cannabis smoking to characterize the time course and windows of detection of breath cannabinoids.



Exhaled breath was collected from chronic (≥4 times per week) and occasional (<twice per week) smokers before and after smoking a 6.8% THC cigarette. Sample analysis included methanol extraction from breath pads, solid-phase extraction, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification.



THC was the major cannabinoid in breath; no sample contained THCCOOH and only 1 contained CBN. Among chronic smokers (n = 13), all breath samples were positive for THC at 0.89 h, 76.9% at 1.38 h, and 53.8% at 2.38 h, and only 1 sample was positive at 4.2 h after smoking. Among occasional smokers (n = 11), 90.9% of breath samples were THC-positive at 0.95 h and 63.6% at 1.49 h. One occasional smoker had no detectable THC. Analyte recovery from breath pads by methanolic extraction was 84.2%-97.4%. Limits of quantification were 50 pg/pad for THC and CBN and 100 pg/pad for THCCOOH. Solid-phase extraction efficiency was 46.6%-52.1% (THC) and 76.3%-83.8% (THCCOOH, CBN). Matrix effects were -34.6% to 12.3%. Cannabinoids fortified onto breath pads were stable (≤18.2% concentration change) for 8 h at room temperature and -20°C storage for 6 months.



Breath may offer an alternative matrix for identifying recent driving under the influence of cannabis, but currently sensitivity is limited to a short detection window (0.5-2 h).
Procedural wood textures

Existing bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models are capable of capturing the distinctive highlights produced by the fibrous nature of wood. However, capturing parameter textures for even a single specimen remains a laborious process requiring specialized equipment. In this paper we take a procedural approach to generating parameters for the wood BSDF. We characterize the elements of trees that are important for the appearance of wood, discuss techniques appropriate for representing those features, and present a complete procedural wood shader capable of reproducing the growth patterns responsible for the distinctive appearance of highly prized “figured” wood. Our procedural wood shader is random-access, 3D, modular, and is fast enough to generate a preview for design.
Architecture of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center.

Photosynthesis uses light energy to drive the oxidation of water at an oxygen-evolving catalytic site within photosystem II (PSII). We report the structure of PSII of the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus at 3.5 angstrom resolution. We have assigned most of the amino acid residues of this 650-kilodalton dimeric multisubunit complex and refined the structure to reveal its molecular architecture. Consequently, we are able to describe details of the binding sites for cofactors and propose a structure of the oxygen-evolving center (OEC). The data strongly suggest that the OEC contains a cubane-like Mn3CaO4 cluster linked to a fourth Mn by a mono-micro-oxo bridge. The details of the surrounding coordination sphere of the metal cluster and the implications for a possible oxygen-evolving mechanism are discussed.
Large-scale multimodal movie dialogue corpus

We present an outline of our newly created multimodal dialogue corpus that is constructed from public domain movies. Dialogues in movies are useful sources for analyzing human communication patterns. In addition, they can be used to train machine-learning-based dialogue processing systems. However, the movie files are processing intensive and they contain large portions of non-dialogue segments. Therefore, we created a corpus that contains only dialogue segments from movies. The corpus contains 165,368 dialogue segments taken from 1,722 movies. These dialogues are automatically segmented by using deep neural network-based voice activity detection with filtering rules. Our corpus can reduce the human workload and machine-processing effort required to analyze human dialogue behavior by using movies.