nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Motor Imagery EEG Classification for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Using Fractal Dimension and Fisher’s Criterion-Based Channel Selection

Motor imagery is based on the volitional modulation of sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs); however, the sensorimotor processes in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are impaired, leading to degenerated motor imagery ability. Thus, motor imagery classification in ALS patients has been considered challenging in the brain-computer interface (BCI) community. In this study, we address this critical issue by introducing the Grassberger-Procaccia and Higuchi's methods to estimate the fractal dimensions (GPFD and HFD, respectively) of the electroencephalography (EEG) signals from ALS patients. Moreover, a Fisher's criterion-based channel selection strategy is proposed to automatically determine the best patient-dependent channel configuration from 30 EEG recording sites. An EEG data collection paradigm is designed to collect the EEG signal of resting state and the imagination of three movements, including right hand grasping (RH), left hand grasping (LH), and left foot stepping (LF). Five late-stage ALS patients without receiving any SMR training participated in this study. Experimental results show that the proposed GPFD feature is not only superior to the previously-used SMR features (mu and beta band powers of EEG from sensorimotor cortex) but also better than HFD. The accuracies achieved by the SMR features are not satisfactory (all lower than 80%) in all binary classification tasks, including RH imagery vs. resting, LH imagery vs. resting, and LF imagery vs. resting. For the discrimination between RH imagery and resting, the average accuracies of GPFD in 30-channel (without channel selection) and top-five-channel configurations are 95.25% and 93.50%, respectively. When using only one channel (the best channel among the 30), a high accuracy of 91.00% can still be achieved by the GPFD feature and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier. The results also demonstrate that the proposed Fisher's criterion-based channel selection is capable of removing a large amount of redundant and noisy EEG channels. The proposed GPFD feature extraction combined with the channel selection strategy can be used as the basis for further developing high-accuracy and high-usability motor imagery BCI systems from which the patients with ALS can really benefit.
A pebble-in-the-pond model for instructional design

Someone said, “It is a bad craftsman that blames his tools.” It should be obvious to the thoughtful observer that the problem may be the implementation of ISD, not a systematic approach itself. At the highest level of a systems approach one cannot imagine a design process that does not identify the training needs of an organization or the learning needs of the students. While learning occurs in many different environments, it is generally agreed that instruction requires that one first identify the goals of the instruction. It is equally difficult to imagine a process that does not involve planning, development, implementation, and evaluation. It is not these essential development activities that are in question but perhaps the fact that their detailed implementation in various incarnations of ISD do not represent the most efficient or effective method for designing instruction. A more significant element is the emphasis on the process involved in developing instruction rather than the basic learning principles that this process should emphasize. Merely following a series of steps, when there is insufficient guidance as to quality, is likely to result in an inferior product. A technology involves not only the steps involved but a set of specifications for what each step is to accomplish. Perhaps many ISD implementations have had insufficient specifications for the products of the process.
The brain insulin signal transduction system and sporadic (type II) Alzheimer disease: an update

Nosologically, Alzheimer disease may not be considered to be a single disorder in spite of a common clinical phenotype. Only a small proportion of about 5% to 10% of all Alzheimer cases is due to genetic mutations (type I) whereas the great majority of patients was found to be sporadic in origin. It may be assumed that susceptibility genes along with lifestyle risk factors contribute to the causation of the age-related sporadic Alzheimer disease (type II). In this context, the desensitization of the neuronal insulin receptor similar to not-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus may be of pivotal significance. This abnormality along with a reduction in brain insulin concentration is assumed to induce a cascade-like process of disturbances including cellular glucose, acetylcholine, cholesterol, and ATP associated with abnormalities in membrane pathology and the formation of both amyloidogenic derivatives and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Sporadic Alzheimer disease may, thus, be considered to be the brain type of diabetes mellitus II. Experimental evidence is provided and discussed.
Optimizing memory performance for FPGA implementation of pagerank

Recently, FPGA implementation of graph algorithms arising in many areas such as social networks has been studied. However, the irregular memory access pattern of graph algorithms makes obtaining high performance challenging. In this paper, we present an FPGA implementation of the classic PageRank algorithm. Our goal is to optimize the overall system performance, especially the cost of accessing the off-chip DRAM. We optimize the data layout so that most of memory accesses to the DRAM are sequential. Post-place-and-route results show that our design on a state-of-the-art FPGA can achieve a high clock rate of over 200 MHz. Based on a realistic DRAM access model, we build a simulator to estimate the execution time including memory access overheads. The simulation results show that our design achieves at least 96% of the theoretically best performance of the target platform. Compared with a baseline design, our optimized design dramatically reduces the number of random memory accesses and improves the execution time by at least 70%.
Autonomous Navigation of Planetary Rovers: A Fuzzy Logic Approach

This paper presents a new strategy for autonomous navigation of planetary rovers using the fuzzy logic framework and a novel on-board measure of terrain traversabili t y . The navigation strategy is comprised of three simple, independent behaviors with different levels of resolution. The navigation rules for the first behavior, goal-seeking, utilize the global information about the goal position to generate the steering and speed commands that drive the rover to the designated destination. The navigation rules for the second behavior, terrain-traversing, use the regional information about the terrain quality to produce steering and speed commands that guide the rover toward the safest and the most traversable terrain. The inclusion of the regional terrain data (such as slope and roughness) in the rover navigation strategy is a major contribution of this paper. The navigation rules for the third behavior, collision-avoidance, employ the local information about the en-route obstacles to develop steering and speed commands that maneuver the rover around the encountered obstacles. The recommendations of these three behaviors are then integrated through appropriate weighting factors to generate the final control actions for the steering and speed commands that are executed by the rover. The weighting factors are produced b y fuzzy rules that take into account the current status of the rover. The complete rover navigation strategy consists of a total of 37 fuzzy logic rules for the behaviors and their weighting factors. This navigation strategy requires no a priori information about the environment, and uses the on-board traversability analysis to enable the rover to select easy-to-traverse paths autonomously. The Rover Graphical Simulator developed at JPL for test and validation of the navigation rules, as well as for graphical visualization of the rover motion, is described. Three graphical simulation case studies are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed navigation strategy for planetary rovers. Finally, the navigation algorithm for the Sojourner rover is discussed and compared with the proposed strategy. Simulation studies clearly demonstrate the superior performance of this fuzzy navigation strategy relative to the Sojourner algorithm.
E-TOURISM : An Innovative Approach for the Small and Medium-sized Tourism Enterprises

The Skills for Inclusive Growth (S4IG) program is an initiative of the Australian Government’s aid program and implemented with the Sri Lankan Ministry of Skills Development and Vocational Training, Tourism Authorities, Provincial and District Level Government, Industry and Community Organisations. The Program will demonstrate how an integrated approach to skills development can support inclusive economic growth opportunities along the tourism value chain in the four districts of Trincomalee, Ampara, Batticaloa (Eastern Province) and Polonnaruwa (North Central Province). In doing this the S4IG supports sustainable job creation and increased incomes and business growth for the marginalised and the disadvantaged, particularly women and people with disabilities.
Caregiver burden as people with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder transition into adolescence and adulthood in the United Kingdom.

There is increasing recognition that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with significant costs and burdens. However, research on their impact has focused mostly on the caregivers of young children; few studies have examined caregiver burden as children transition into adolescence and young adulthood, and no one has compared the impact of ASD to other neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., ADHD).



We conducted an observational study of 192 families caring for a young person (aged 14 to 24 years) with a childhood diagnosis of ASD or ADHD (n = 101 and n = 91, respectively) in the United Kingdom. A modified stress-appraisal model was used to investigate the correlates of caregiver burden as a function of family background (parental education), primary stressors (symptoms), primary appraisal (need), and resources (use of services).



Both disorders were associated with a high level of caregiver burden, but it was significantly greater in ASD. In both groups, caregiver burden was mainly explained by the affected young person's unmet need. Domains of unmet need most associated with caregiver burden in both groups included depression/anxiety and inappropriate behavior. Specific to ASD were significant associations between burden and unmet needs in domains such as social relationships and major mental health problems.



Adolescence and young adulthood are associated with high levels of caregiver burden in both disorders; in ASD, the level is comparable to that reported by persons caring for individuals with a brain injury. Interventions are required to reduce caregiver burden in this population.
The Hair Fibre: Proteins, Structure and Development

Mammalian hair fibres can be structurally divided into three main components: a cuticle, cortex and sometimes a medulla. The cuticle consists of a thin layer of overlapping cells on the surface of the fibre, constituting around 10% of the total fibre weight. The cortex makes up the remaining 86–90% and is made up of axially aligned spindle-shaped cells of which three major types have been recognised in wool: ortho, meso and para. Cortical cells are packed full of macrofibril bundles, which are a composite of aligned intermediate filaments embedded in an amorphous matrix. The spacing and three-dimensional arrangement of the intermediate filaments vary with cell type. The medulla consists of a continuous or discontinuous column of horizontal spaces in the centre of the cortex that becomes more prevalent as the fibre diameter increases.
Design and implementation of a quadrotor tail-sitter VTOL UAV

We present the design and implementation of a quadrotor tail-sitter Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The VTOL UAV combines the advantage of a quadrotor, vertical take-off and landing and hovering at a stationary point, with that of a fixed-wing, efficient level flight. We describe our vehicle design with special considerations on fully autonomous operation in a real outdoor environment where the wind is present. The designed quadrotor tail-sitter UAV has insignificant vibration level and achieves stable hovering and landing performance when a cross wind is present. Wind tunnel test is conducted to characterize the full envelope aerodynamics of the aircraft, based on which a flight controller is designed, implemented and tested. MATLAB simulation is presented and shows that our vehicle can achieve a continuous transition from hover flight to level flight. Finally, both indoor and outdoor flight experiments are conducted to verify the performance of our vehicle and the designed controller.
Impact of caching on HTTP Adaptive Streaming decisions: Towards an optimal

The interplay between caching and HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is known to be intricate, and possibly detrimental to QoE. In this paper, we make the case for caching-aware rate decision algorithms at the client side which do not require any collaboration with cache or server. To this goal, we introduce the optimization model which allows to compute the optimal rate decisions in the presence of cache, and compare the current main representatives of HAS algorithms (RBA and BBA) to this optimal. This allows us to assess how far from the optimal these versions are, and on which to build a caching-aware rate decision algorithm.
Exploring the Conceptual Model of Digital Ecosystem

Digital ecosystem, as a neoteric terminology, has emerged along with the appearance of Business Ecosystem which is a form of naturally existing business network of small and medium enterprises. However, few researches have been found in the field of defining digital ecosystem. In this paper, by means of ontology technology as our research methodology, we propose to develop a conceptual model for digital ecosystem. By introducing an innovative ontological notation system, we create the hierarchical framework of digital ecosystem form up to down, based on the related theories form Digital ecosystem and business intelligence institute.
OmniDepth: Dense Depth Estimation for Indoors Spherical Panoramas

Recent work on depth estimation up to now has only focused on projective images ignoring 360 content which is now increasingly and more easily produced. We show that monocular depth estimation models trained on traditional images produce sub-optimal results on omnidirectional images, showcasing the need for training directly on 360 datasets, which however, are hard to acquire. In this work, we circumvent the challenges associated with acquiring high quality 360 datasets with ground truth depth annotations, by re-using recently released large scale 3D datasets and re-purposing them to 360 via rendering. This dataset, which is considerably larger than similar projective datasets, is publicly offered to the community to enable future research in this direction. We use this dataset to learn in an end-to-end fashion the task of depth estimation from 360 images. We show promising results in our synthesized data as well as in unseen realistic images.
Augmented Reality Browser Survey

While mobile Augmented Reality (AR) browsers have become one of the major commercial AR application, real-world usage behaviour with this technology is still a widely unexplored area. We report on our findings from an online survey that we conducted on the topic and an analysis of mobile distribution platforms for popular Augmented Reality browsers. We found that while the usage of Augmented Reality browsers is often driven by their novelty factor, a substantial amount of long term users exists. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative data showed that poor and sparse content, the user interface design or the system performances are major elements influencing the permanent usage of this technology by early adopters.
Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents.

Since parental personality traits are assumed to play a role in parenting behaviors, the current study examined the relation between parental personality and parenting style among 688 Dutch parents of adolescents in the SMILE study. The study assessed Big Five personality traits and derived parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and uninvolved) from scores on the underlying dimensions of support and strict control. Regression analyses were used to determine which personality traits were associated with parenting dimensions and styles. As regards dimensions, the two aspects of personality reflecting interpersonal interactions (extraversion and agreeableness) were related to supportiveness. Emotional stability was associated with lower strict control. As regards parenting styles, extraverted, agreeable, and less emotionally stable individuals were most likely to be authoritative parents. Conscientiousness and openness did not relate to general parenting, but might be associated with more content-specific acts of parenting.
Overview of Smartphone Augmented Reality Applications for Tourism

Invisible, attentive and adaptive technologies that provide tourists with relevant services and information anytime and anywhere may no longer be a vision from the future. The new display paradigm, stemming from the synergy of new mobile devices, context-awareness and AR, has the potential to enhance destination marketing strategies, at the same time transforming tourists’ experiences fundamentally. Effective and usable design is still in its infancy. In this paper we present an overview of current smartphone AR applications outlining tourism-related domain-specific design challenges. This study is part of an ongoing research project aiming at developing a better understanding of the design space for smartphone context-aware AR applications for tourists.
Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance

Two studies are presented that investigated 'fear of movement/(re)injury' in chronic musculoskeletal pain and its relation to behavioral performance. The 1st study examines the relation among fear of movement/(re)injury (as measured with the Dutch version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-DV)) (Kori et al. 1990), biographical variables (age, pain duration, gender, use of supportive equipment, compensation status), pain-related variables (pain intensity, pain cognitions, pain coping) and affective distress (fear and depression) in a group of 103 chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. In the 2nd study, motoric, psychophysiologic and self-report measures of fear are taken from 33 CLBP patients who are exposed to a single and relatively simple movement. Generally, findings demonstrated that the fear of movement/(re)injury is related to gender and compensation status, and more closely to measures of catastrophizing and depression, but in a much lesser degree to pain coping and pain intensity. Furthermore, subjects who report a high degree of fear of movement/(re)injury show more fear and escape/avoidance when exposed to a simple movement. The discussion focuses on the clinical relevance of the construct of fear of movement/(re)injury and research questions that remain to be answered.
Nodes and networks in the neural architecture for language: Broca's region and beyond

Current views on the neurobiological underpinnings of language are discussed that deviate in a number of ways from the classical Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind model. More areas than Broca's and Wernicke's region are involved in language. Moreover, a division along the axis of language production and language comprehension does not seem to be warranted. Instead, for central aspects of language processing neural infrastructure is shared between production and comprehension. Three different accounts of the role of Broca's area in language are discussed. Arguments are presented in favor of a dynamic network view, in which the functionality of a region is co-determined by the network of regions in which it is embedded at particular moments in time. Finally, core regions of language processing need to interact with other networks (e.g. the attentional networks and the ToM network) to establish full functionality of language and communication.
Teaching DSP software development: from design to fixed-point implementations

In this paper, a digital signal processing (DSP) software development process is described. It starts from the conceptual algorithm design and computer simulation using MATLAB, Simulink, or floating-point C programs. The finite-word-length analysis using MATLAB fixed-point functions or Simulink follows with fixed-point blockset. After verification of the algorithm, a fixed-point C program is developed for a specific fixed-point DSP processor. Software efficiency can be further improved by using mixed C-and-assembly programs, intrinsic functions, and optimized assembly routines in DSP libraries. This integrated software-development process enables students and engineers to understand and appreciate the important differences between floating-point simulations and fixed-point implementation considerations and applications.
Collision Detection and Avoidance in Computer Controlled Manipulators

The problem of planning safe tra-jectories for computer controlled manipulators with two movable links and multiple degrees of freedom is analyzed, and a solution to the problem proposed. The key features of the solution are: 1. the identification of trajectory primitives and a hierarchy of abstraction spaces that permit simple manip-ulator models, 2. the characterization of empty space by approximating it with easily describable entities called charts-the approximation is dynamic and can be selective, 3. a scheme for planning motions close to obstacles that is computationally viable, and that suggests how proximity sensors might be used to do the planning, and 4. the use of hierarchical decomposition to reduce the complexity of the planning problem. 1. INTRODUCTION the 2D and 3D solution noted, it is easy to visualize the solution for the 3D manipulator. Section 2 of this paper presents an example, and Section 3 a statement and analysis of the problem. Sections 4 and 5 present the solution. Section 6 summarizes the key ideas in the solution and indicates areas for future work. 2. AN EXAMPLE This section describes an example (Figure 2.1) of the collision detection and avoidance problem for a two-dimensional manipulator. The example highlights features of the problem and its solution.  The manipulator has two links and three degrees of freedom. The larger link, called the boom, slides back and forth and can rotate about the origin. The smaller link, called the forearm, has a rotational degree of freedom about the tip of the boom. The tip of the forearm is called the hand. S and G are the initial and final configurations of the manipulator. Any real manipulator's links will have physical dimensions. The line segment representation of the link is an abstraction; the physical dimensions can be accounted for and how this is done is described later. The problem of planning safe trajectories for computer controlled manipulators with two movable links and multiple degrees of freedom is analyzed, and a solution to the problem is presented. The trajectory planning system is initialized with a description of the part of the environment that the manipulator is to maneuver in. When given the goal position and orientation of the hand, the system plans a complete trajectory that will safely maneuver the manipulator into the goal configuration. The executive system in charge of operating the hardware uses this trajectory to physically move the manipulator. …