nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Drug development in Alzheimer’s disease: the path to 2025

The global impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continues to increase, and focused efforts are needed to address this immense public health challenge. National leaders have set a goal to prevent or effectively treat AD by 2025. In this paper, we discuss the path to 2025, and what is feasible in this time frame given the realities and challenges of AD drug development, with a focus on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Under the current conditions, only drugs currently in late Phase 1 or later will have a chance of being approved by 2025. If pipeline attrition rates remain high, only a few compounds at best will meet this time frame. There is an opportunity to reduce the time and risk of AD drug development through an improvement in trial design; better trial infrastructure; disease registries of well-characterized participant cohorts to help with more rapid enrollment of appropriate study populations; validated biomarkers to better detect disease, determine risk and monitor disease progression as well as predict disease response; more sensitive clinical assessment tools; and faster regulatory review. To implement change requires efforts to build awareness, educate and foster engagement; increase funding for both basic and clinical research; reduce fragmented environments and systems; increase learning from successes and failures; promote data standardization and increase wider data sharing; understand AD at the basic biology level; and rapidly translate new knowledge into clinical development. Improved mechanistic understanding of disease onset and progression is central to more efficient AD drug development and will lead to improved therapeutic approaches and targets. The opportunity for more than a few new therapies by 2025 is small. Accelerating research and clinical development efforts and bringing DMTs to market sooner would have a significant impact on the future societal burden of AD. As these steps are put in place and plans come to fruition, e.g., approval of a DMT, it can be predicted that momentum will build, the process will be self-sustaining, and the path to 2025, and beyond, becomes clearer.
DESIGN OF A NOVEL HIGH SPEED DYNAMIC COMPARATOR WITH LOW POWER DISSIPATION FOR HIGH SPEED ADCs

A new CMOS dynamic comparator using dual input single output differential amplifier as latch stage suitable for high speed analog-to-digital converters with High Speed, low power dissipation and immune to noise than the previous reported work is proposed. Backto-back inverter in the latch stage is replaced with dual-input single output differential amplifier. This topology completely removes the noise that is present in the input. The structure shows lower power dissipation and higher speed than the conventional comparators. The circuit is simulated with 1V DC supply voltage and 250 MHz clock frequency. The proposed topology is based on two cross coupled differential pairs positive feedback and switchable current sources, has a lower power dissipation, higher speed, less area, and it is shown to be very robust against transistor mismatch, noise immunity. Previous reported comparators are designed and simulated their DC response and Transient response in Cadence® Virtuoso Analog Design Environment using GPDK 90nm technology. Layouts of the proposed comparator have been done in Cadence® Virtuoso Layout XL Design Environment. DRC and LVS has been checked and compared with the corresponding circuits and RC extracted diagram has been generated. After that post layout simulation with 1V supply voltage has been done and compared the speed, power dissipation, Area, delay with the results before layout and the superior features of the proposed comparator are established.
Sodium and proline accumulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum as a response to an osmotic saline upshock

In order to understand the role of the medium osmolality on the metabolism of glumate-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum, effects of saline osmotic upshocks from 0.4 osnol. kg−1 to 2 osmol. kg−1 have been investigated on the growth kinetics and the intracellular content of the bacteria. Addition of a high concentration of NaCl after a few hours of batch culture results in a temporary interruption of the cellular growth. Cell growth resumes after about 1 h but at a specific rate that decreases with increasing medium osmolality. Investigation of the intracellular content showed, during the first 30 min following the shock, a rapid but transient influx of sodium ions. This was followed by a strong accumulation of proline, which rose from 5 to 110 mg/g dry weight at the end of the growth phase. A slight accumulation of intracellular glutamate from 60 to 75 mg/g dry weight was also observed. Accordingly, for Corynebacterium glutamicum an increased osmolality in the glutamate and proline synthesis during the growth phase.
The intellectual development of the technology acceptance model: A co-citation analysis

eywords: echnology acceptance model The goal of this paper is to present a visual mapping of intellectual structure in two-dimensions and to identify the subfields of the technology acceptance model through co-citation analysis. All the citation documents are included in the ISI Web of Knowledge database between 1989 and 2006. By using a sequence of statistical analyses including factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, and cluster analysis, we identified three main trends: task-related systems, e-commerce systems, and hedonic systems. The ial im o-citation -Commerce edonic findings yielded manager
Accelerated Mini-Batch Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent

Stochastic dual coordinate ascent (SDCA) is an effective technique for solving regularized loss minimization problems in machine learning. This paper considers an extension of SDCA under the minibatch setting that is often used in practice. Our main contribution is to introduce an accelerated minibatch version of SDCA and prove a fast convergence rate for this method. We discuss an implementation of our method over a parallel computing system, and compare the results to both the vanilla stochastic dual coordinate ascent and to the accelerated deterministic gradient descent method of Nesterov [2007].
Parameter identi fi cation for industrial robots with a fast and robust trajectory design approach

Model-based, torque-level control can offer precision and speed advantages over velocity-level or position-level robot control. However, the dynamic parameters of the robot must be identified accurately. Several steps are involved in dynamic parameter identification, including modeling the system dynamics, joint position/torque data acquisition and filtering, experimental design, dynamic parameters estimation and validation. In this paper, we propose a novel, computationally efficient and intuitive optimality criterion to design the excitation trajectory for the robot to follow. Experiments are carried out for a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) Staubli TX-90 robot. We validate the dynamics parameters using torque prediction accuracy and compare to existing methods. The RMS errors of the prediction were small, and the computation time for the new, optimal objective function is an order of magnitude less than for existing approaches. & 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Multilevel secure data stream processing: Architecture and implementation

The proliferation of sensors and mobile devices and their connectedness to the network have given rise to numerous types of situation monitoring applications. Data Stream Management Systems (DSMSs) have been proposed to address the data processing needs of such applications that require collection of high-speed data, computing results on-the-fly, and taking actions in real-time. Although a lot of work appears in the area of DSMS, not much has been done in multilevel secure (MLS) DSMS making the technology unsuitable for highly sensitive applications, such as battlefield monitoring. An MLS–DSMS should ensure the absence of illegal information flow in a DSMS and more importantly provide the performance needed to handle continuous queries. We illustrate why the traditional DSMSs cannot be used for processing multilevel secure continuous queries and discuss various DSMS architectures for processing such queries. We implement one such architecture and demonstrate how it processes continuous queries. In order to provide better quality of service and memory usage in a DSMS, we show how continuous queries submitted by various users can be shared. We provide experimental evaluations to demonstrate the performance benefits achieved through query sharing.
How Much Qualitative Reasoning is Required in Elementary School Science Test Questions ?

Understanding how to build cognitive systems with commonsense is a difficult problem. Since one goal of qualitative reasoning is to explain human mental models of the continuous world, hopefully qualitative representations and reasoning have a role to play. But how much of a role? Standardized tests used in education provide a potentially useful way to measure both how much qualitative knowledge is used in commonsense science, and to assess progress in qualitative representation and reasoning. This paper analyzes a small corpus of science tests from US classrooms and shows that QR techniques are central in answering 13% of them, and play a role in at least an additional 16%. We found that today’s QR techniques suffice for standard QR questions, but integrating QR with broader knowledge about the world and automatically understanding the questions as expressed in language and pictures provide new research challenges.
Human activity recognition with inertial sensors using a deep learning approach

Our focus in this research is on the use of deep learning approaches for human activity recognition (HAR) scenario, in which inputs are multichannel time series signals acquired from a set of body-worn inertial sensors and outputs are predefined human activities. Here, we present a feature learning method that deploys convolutional neural networks (CNN) to automate feature learning from the raw inputs in a systematic way. The influence of various important hyper-parameters such as number of convolutional layers and kernel size on the performance of CNN was monitored. Experimental results indicate that CNNs achieved significant speed-up in computing and deciding the final class and marginal improvement in overall classification accuracy compared to the baseline models such as Support Vector Machines and Multi-layer perceptron networks.
Meta-heuristics for Grid Scheduling Problems

In this chapter, we review a few important concepts from Grid computing related to scheduling problems and their resolution using heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches. Scheduling problems are at the heart of any Grid-like computational system. Different types of scheduling based on different criteria, such as static vs. dynamic environment, multi-objectivity, adaptivity, etc., are identified. Then, heuristics and meta-heuristics methods for scheduling in Grids are presented. The chapter reveals the complexity of the scheduling problem in Computational Grids when compared to scheduling in classical parallel and distributed systems and shows the usefulness of heuristics and meta-heuristics approaches for the design of efficient Grid schedulers.
Effects of Unloaded vs. Loaded Plyometrics on Speed and Power Performance of Elite Young Soccer Players

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of loaded and unloaded plyometric training strategies on speed and power performance of elite young soccer players. Twenty-three under-17 male soccer players (age: 15.9 ± 1.2 years, height: 178.3 ± 8.1 cm, body-mass (BM): 68.1 ± 9.3 kg) from the same club took part in this study. The athletes were pair-matched in two training groups: loaded vertical and horizontal jumps using an haltere type handheld with a load of 8% of the athletes' body mass (LJ; n = 12) and unloaded vertical and horizontal plyometrics (UJ; n = 11). Sprinting speeds at 5-, 10-, and 20-m, mean propulsive power (MPP) relative to the players' BM in the jump squat exercise, and performance in the squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) were assessed pre- and post-training period. During the experimental period, soccer players performed 12 plyometric training sessions across a 6-week preseason period. Magnitude based inferences and standardized differences were used for statistical analysis. A very likely increase in the vertical jumps was observed for the LJ group (99/01/00 and 98/02/00 for SJ and CMJ, respectively). In the UJ group a likely increase was observed for both vertical jumps (83/16/01 and 90/10/00, for SJ and CMJ, respectively). An almost certainly decrease in the sprinting velocities along the 20-m course were found in the LJ group (00/00/100 for all split distances tested). Meanwhile, in the UJ likely to very likely decreases were observed for all sprinting velocities tested (03/18/79, 01/13/86, and 00/04/96, for velocities in 5-, 10-, and 20-m, respectively). No meaningful differences were observed for the MPP in either training group (11/85/04 and 37/55/08 for LJ and UJ, respectively). In summary, under-17 professional soccer players increased jumping ability after a 6-week preseason training program, using loaded or unloaded jumps. Despite these positive adaptations, both plyometric strategies failed to produce worthwhile improvements in maximal speed and power performances, which is possible related to the interference of concurrent training effects. New training strategies should be developed to ensure adequate balance between power and endurance loads throughout short (and high-volume) soccer preseasons.
The Influence Factors of Online Purchase on Customer Satisfaction in Mongolian Airlines

The daily growth of the internet and electronic ticketing has become an integral part of airline companies’ strategy for increased profits through better customer service. The electronic ticketing (Eticketing) is experiencing growth in Mongolia. This study is defining Mongolian customer’s satisfaction with online purchasing experience using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Customer satisfaction factors included ease of use, website design, payment security, interactivity and information quality of the website. The objective of this study is to examine the extent to which these five factors effect passenger’s satisfaction with Airlines in Mongolia. The survey based on 3 airlines: MIAT Mongolian airline, AeroMongolia, Eznis Airways and data collected from 138 passengers of those airlines. The results show that, there are three significant factors, interactivity, payment security and ease of use, affect satisfaction with the e-ticketing experience on customer satisfaction in Mongolia.
Performance of OOK and Variants of PPM in APD based Free Space Optical Communication Systems

On-Off Keying (OOK) and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) are the most commonly used modulation techniques in Free Space Optical (FSO) communications. In this paper, the performance of an FSO system with OOK and various PPM schemes has been analysed. The log-normal turbulence model for weak atmospheric turbulence and Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) receiver are considered for the system performance evaluation. The bit-error-rate (BER) performance for various schemes have been analysed and compared graphically. It was found that the performance of Differential Amplitude Pulse Position Modulation (DAPPM) is better than that of other schemes for the same peak power.
A current-reuse complementary-input chopper-stabilized amplifier for neural recording

This paper presents a current-reuse complementary-input (CRCI) telescopic-cascode chopper stabilized amplifier with low-noise low-power operation. The current-reuse complementary-input strategy doubles the amplifier's effective transconductance by full current-reuse between complementary inputs, which significantly improves the noise-power efficiency. A pseudo-resistor based integrator is used in the DC servo loop to generate a high-pass cutoff below 1 Hz. The proposed amplifier features a mid-band gain of 39.25 dB, bandwidth from 0.12 Hz to 7.6 kHz, and draws 2.57 μA from a 1.2-V supply and exhibits an input-referred noise of 3.57 μVrms integrated from 100 mHz to 100 kHz, corresponding to a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 2.5. The amplifier is designed in 0.13 μm 8-metal CMOS process.
Adaptive modulation for OFDM system using fuzzy logic interface

As the demand of high quality service in next generation wireless communication systems increases, a high performance of data transmission requires an increase of spectrum efficiency and an improvement of error performance in wireless communication systems. One of the promising approaches to 4G is adaptive OFDM (AOFDM). In AOFDM, adaptive transmission scheme is employed according to channel fading condition with OFDM to improve the performance Adaptive modulation system is superior to fixed modulation system since it changes modulation scheme according to channel fading condition. Performance of adaptive modulation system depends on decision making logic. Adaptive modulation systems using hardware decision making circuits are inefficient to decide or change modulation scheme according to given conditions. Using fuzzy logic in decision making interface makes the system more efficient. In this paper, we propose a OFDM system with adaptive modulation using fuzzy logic interface to improve system capacity with maintaining good error performance. The results of computer simulation show the improvement of system capacity in Rayleigh fading channel.
Lowering the Barrier for Crowdsensing Application Development

Crowdsensing has the potential to support human-driven sensing and data collection at an unprecedented scale. While many organizers of data collection campaigns may have extensive domain knowledge, they do not necessarily have the skills required to develop robust software for crowdsensing. In this paper, we present Mobile Campaign Designer, a tool that simplifies the creation of mobile crowdsensing applications. Using Mobile Campaign Designer, an organizer is able to define parameters about their crowdsensing campaign, and the tool generates the source code and an executable for a tailored mobile application that embodies the current best practices in crowdsensing. An evaluation of the tool shows that users at all levels of technical expertise are capable of creating a crowdsensing application in an average of five minutes, and the generated applications are comparable in quality to existing crowdsensing applications.
X3DOM volume rendering component for web content developers

We present a real-time volume rendering component for the Web, which provides a set of illustrative and non-photorealistic styles. Volume data is used in many scientific disciplines, requiring the visualization of the inner data, features for enhancing extracted characteristics or even coloring the volume. The Medical Working Group of X3D published a volume rendering specification. The next step is to build a component that realizes the functionalities defined by the specification. We have designed and built a volume rendering component integrated in the X3DOM framework. This component allows content developers to use the X3D specification. It combines and applies multiple rendering styles to several volume data types, offering a suitable tool for declarative volume rendering on the Web. As we show in the result section, the proposed component can be used in many fields that requires the visualization of multi-dimensional data, such as in medical and scientific fields. Our approach is based on WebGL and X3DOM, providing content developers with an easy and flexible declarative way of sharing and visualizing volumetric content over the Web.
Use of virtual reality technique for the training of motor control in the elderly

Virtual augmented exercise, an emerging technology that can help to promote physical activity and combine the strengths of indoor and outdoor exercise, has recently been proposed as having the potential to increase exercise behavior in older adults. By creating a strong presence in a virtual, interactive environment, distraction can be taken to greater levels while maintaining the benefits of indoor exercises which may result in a shift from negative to positive thoughts about exercise. Recent findings on young participants show that virtual reality training enhances mood, thus, increasing enjoyment and energy. For older adults virtual, interactive environments can influence postural control and fall events by stimulating the sensory cues that are responsible in maintaining balance and orientation. However, the potential of virtual reality training has yet to be explored for older adults. This manuscript describes the potential of dance pad training protocols in the elderly and reports on the theoretical rationale of combining physical game-like exercises with sensory and cognitive challenges in a virtual environment. Eine durch virtuelle Realität ergänzte Bewegungsausführung stellt eine neue und sich schnell entwickelnde Technologie dar. Sie fördert die Lust zur Bewegung, vereinigt die Vorteile von Indoor- und Outdooraktivitäten und vermag sogar das Bewegungsverhalten von älteren Menschen zu verbessern. Eine starke Ablenkung von der eigentlichen Bewegungsausführung, verursacht durch ein überzeugendes Gefühl des Eintauchens in eine virtuell-interaktive Umgebung, kann dazu führen, dass sich die Meinung über Bewegung vom Negativen zum Positiven hin wendet.  Umgebung die Haltungskontrolle beeinflussen und auch als Sturzprophylaxe dienen, in dem sie die sensorischen Bereiche stimuliert, die für die Kontrolle des Gleichgewichts und der Orientierung zuständig sind. Dennoch muss das Potenzial eines Trainings in einer virtuellen Umgebung bei älteren Menschen noch weiter erforscht werden. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Möglichkeiten eines Einsatzes von elektronischen Tanzmatten bei älteren Menschen und erklärt die theoretischen Hintergründe der Kombination von körperlicher Aktivität mit gleichzeitigen sensorisch-kognitiven Aufgaben in einer virtuellen Umgebung.