nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation for general queueing networks in manufacturing systems: Characterizing the trade-off between queue time and utilization

Performance evaluation plays a key role in manufacturing system design and productivity improvement. Characterizing performance objectively is the first step. Inspired by the underlying structure of tandem queues, we have derived an approximate model to characterize the system performance. The model decomposes system queue time and variability into bottleneck and non-bottleneck parts while capturing the dependence among workstations. Compared the new model with prior approaches, the new model not only is more accurate but also requires less information. The property of manufacturing system performance is given based on the insight from the model.
ON A PROBLEM OF GRAPH THEORY

Let G " be a non-directed graph having n vertices, without parallel edges and slings. Let the vertices of Gn be denoted by F 1 ,. . ., Pn. Let v(P j) denote the valency of the point P i and put (0. 1) V(G,) = max v(Pj). 1ninn Let E(G.) denote the number of edges of Gn. Let H d (n, k) denote the set of all graphs Gn for which V (G n) = k and the diameter D (Gn) of which is-d, In the present paper we shall investigate the quantity (0 .2) Thus we want to determine the minimal number N such that there exists a graph having n vertices, N edges and diameter-d and the maximum of the valencies of the vertices of the graph is equal to k. To help the understanding of the problem let us consider the following interpretation. Let be given in a country n airports ; suppose we want to plan a network of direct flights between these airports so that the maximal number of airports to which a given airport can be connected by a direct flight should be equal to k (i .e. the maximum of the capacities of the airports is prescribed), further it should be possible to fly from every airport to any other by changing the plane at most d-1 times ; what is the minimal number of flights by which such a plan can be realized? For instance, if n = 7, k = 3, d= 2 we have F2 (7, 3) = 9 and the extremal graph is shown by Fig. 1. The problem of determining Fd (n, k) has been proposed and discussed recently by two of the authors (see ). In § 1 we give a short summary of the results of the paper , while in § 2 and 3 we give some new results which go beyond those of . Incidentally we solve a long-standing problem about the maximal number of edges of a graph not containing a cycle of length 4. In § 4 we mention some unsolved problems. Let us mention that our problem can be formulated also in terms of 0-1 matrices as follows : Let M=(a il) be a symmetrical n by n zero-one matrix such 2
Linear feature-based models for information retrieval

There have been a number of linear, feature-based models proposed by the information retrieval community recently. Although each model is presented differently, they all share a common underlying framework. In this paper, we explore and discuss the theoretical issues of this framework, including a novel look at the parameter space. We then detail supervised training algorithms that directly maximize the evaluation metric under consideration, such as mean average precision. We present results that show training models in this way can lead to significantly better test set performance compared to other training methods that do not directly maximize the metric. Finally, we show that linear feature-based models can consistently and significantly outperform current state of the art retrieval models with the correct choice of features.
A REVIEW ON EVALUATION METRICS FOR DATA CLASSIFICATION EVALUATIONS

Evaluation metric plays a critical role in achieving the optimal classifier during the classification training. Thus, a selection of suitable evaluation metric is an important key for discriminating and obtaining the optimal classifier. This paper systematically reviewed the related evaluation metrics that are specifically designed as a discriminator for optimizing generative classifier. Generally, many generative classifiers employ accuracy as a measure to discriminate the optimal solution during the classification training. However, the accuracy has several weaknesses which are less distinctiveness, less discriminability, less informativeness and bias to majority class data. This paper also briefly discusses other metrics that are specifically designed for discriminating the optimal solution. The shortcomings of these alternative metrics are also discussed. Finally, this paper suggests five important aspects that must be taken into consideration in constructing a new discriminator metric.
Inferring anchor links across multiple heterogeneous social networks

Online social networks can often be represented as heterogeneous information networks containing abundant information about: who, where, when and what. Nowadays, people are usually involved in multiple social networks simultaneously. The multiple accounts of the same user in different networks are mostly isolated from each other without any connection between them. Discovering the correspondence of these accounts across multiple social networks is a crucial prerequisite for many interesting inter-network applications, such as link recommendation and community analysis using information from multiple networks. In this paper, we study the problem of anchor link prediction across multiple heterogeneous social networks, i.e., discovering the correspondence among different accounts of the same user. Unlike most prior work on link prediction and network alignment, we assume that the anchor links are one-to-one relationships (i.e., no two edges share a common endpoint) between the accounts in two social networks, and a small number of anchor links are known beforehand. We propose to extract heterogeneous features from multiple heterogeneous networks for anchor link prediction, including user's social, spatial, temporal and text information. Then we formulate the inference problem for anchor links as a stable matching problem between the two sets of user accounts in two different networks. An effective solution, MNA (Multi-Network Anchoring), is derived to infer anchor links w.r.t. the one-to-one constraint. Extensive experiments on two real-world heterogeneous social networks show that our MNA model consistently outperform other commonly-used baselines on anchor link prediction.
Effects of training on bone mass in older adults: a systematic review.

It is widely recognized that the risk of fractures is closely related to the typical decline in bone mass during the ageing process in both women and men. Exercise has been reported as one of the best non-pharmacological ways to improve bone mass throughout life. However, not all exercise regimens have the same positive effects on bone mass, and the studies that have evaluated the role of exercise programmes on bone-related variables in elderly people have obtained inconclusive results. This systematic review aims to summarize and update present knowledge about the effects of different types of training programmes on bone mass in older adults and elderly people as a starting point for developing future interventions that maintain a healthy bone mass and higher quality of life in people throughout their lifetime. A literature search using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was conducted and bibliographies for studies discussing the effect of exercise interventions in older adults published up to August 2011 were examined. Inclusion criteria were met by 59 controlled trials, 7 meta-analyses and 8 reviews. The studies included in this review indicate that bone-related variables can be increased, or at least the common decline in bone mass during ageing attenuated, through following specific training programmes. Walking provides a modest increase in the loads on the skeleton above gravity and, therefore, this type of exercise has proved to be less effective in osteoporosis prevention. Strength exercise seems to be a powerful stimulus to improve and maintain bone mass during the ageing process. Multi-component exercise programmes of strength, aerobic, high impact and/or weight-bearing training, as well as whole-body vibration (WBV) alone or in combination with exercise, may help to increase or at least prevent decline in bone mass with ageing, especially in postmenopausal women. This review provides, therefore, an overview of intervention studies involving training and bone measurements among older adults, especially postmenopausal women. Some novelties are that WBV training is a promising alternative to prevent bone fractures and osteoporosis. Because this type of exercise under prescription is potentially safe, it may be considered as a low impact alternative to current methods combating bone deterioration. In other respects, the ability of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) to assess bone strength and geometric properties may prove advantageous in evaluating the effects of training on bone health. As a result of changes in bone mass becoming evident by pQCT even when dual energy X-ray absortiometry (DXA) measurements were unremarkable, pQCT may provide new knowledge about the effects of exercise on bone that could not be elucidated by DXA. Future research is recommended including longest-term exercise training programmes, the addition of pQCT measurements to DXA scanners and more trials among men, including older participants.
Robust Vision based Lane Tracking using Multiple Cues and Particle Filtering 1

One of the more startling effects of road related accidents is the economic and social burden they cause. Between 750,000 and 880,000 people died globally in road related accidents in 1999 alone, with an estimated cost of US$518 billion [11]. One way of combating this problem is to develop Intelligent Vehicles that are selfaware and act to increase the safety of the transportation system. This paper presents the development and application of a novel multiple-cue visual lane tracking system for research into Intelligent Vehicles (IV). Particle filtering and cue fusion technologies form the basis of the lane tracking system which robustly handles several of the problems faced by previous lane tracking systems such as shadows on the road, unreliable lane markings, dramatic lighting changes and discontinuous changes in road characteristics and types. Experimental results of the lane tracking system running at 15Hz will be discussed, focusing on the particle filter and cue fusion technology used.
Memory : A Contribution to Experimental Psychology

Want to get experience? Want to get any ideas to create new things in your life? Read memory a contribution to experimental psychology now! By reading this book as soon as possible, you can renew the situation to get the inspirations. Yeah, this way will lead you to always think more and more. In this case, this book will be always right for you. When you can observe more about the book, you will know why you need this.
The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans?

In a dynamic world, mechanisms allowing prediction of future situations can provide a selective advantage. We suggest that memory systems differ in the degree of flexibility they offer for anticipatory behavior and put forward a corresponding taxonomy of prospection. The adaptive advantage of any memory system can only lie in what it contributes for future survival. The most flexible is episodic memory, which we suggest is part of a more general faculty of mental time travel that allows us not only to go back in time, but also to foresee, plan, and shape virtually any specific future event. We review comparative studies and find that, in spite of increased research in the area, there is as yet no convincing evidence for mental time travel in nonhuman animals. We submit that mental time travel is not an encapsulated cognitive system, but instead comprises several subsidiary mechanisms. A theater metaphor serves as an analogy for the kind of mechanisms required for effective mental time travel. We propose that future research should consider these mechanisms in addition to direct evidence of future-directed action. We maintain that the emergence of mental time travel in evolution was a crucial step towards our current success.
The Human Papillomavirus E6 protein and its contribution to malignant progression

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E6 protein is one of three oncoproteins encoded by the virus. It has long been recognized as a potent oncogene and is intimately associated with the events that result in the malignant conversion of virally infected cells. In order to understand the mechanisms by which E6 contributes to the development of human malignancy many laboratories have focused their attention on identifying the cellular proteins with which E6 interacts. In this review we discuss these interactions in the light of their respective contributions to the malignant progression of HPV transformed cells.
Persistent back pain--why do physical therapy clinicians continue treatment? A mixed methods study of chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists.

(a) To investigate how widespread is the use of long term treatment without improvement amongst clinicians treating individuals with low back pain. (b) To study the beliefs behind the reasons why chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists continue to treat people whose low back pain appears not to be improving.



A mixed methods study, including a questionnaire survey and qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews. Questionnaire survey; 354/600 (59%) clinicians equally distributed between chiropractic, osteopathy and physiotherapy professions. Interview study; a purposive sample of fourteen clinicians from each profession identified from the survey responses. Methodological techniques ranged from grounded theory analysis to sorting of categories by both the research team and the subjects themselves.



At least 10% of each of the professions reported that they continued to treat patients with low back pain who showed almost no improvement for over three months. There is some indication that this is an underestimate. reasons for continuing unsuccessful management of low back pain were not found to be primarily monetary in nature; rather it appears to have much more to do with the scope of care that extends beyond issues addressed in the current physical therapy guidelines. The interview data showed that clinicians viewed their role as including health education and counselling rather than a 'cure or refer' approach. Additionally, participants raised concerns that discharging patients from their care meant sending them to into a therapeutic void.



Long-term treatment of patients with low back pain without objective signs of improvement is an established practice in a minority of clinicians studied. This approach contrasts with clinical guidelines that encourage self-management, reassurance, re-activation, and involvement of multidisciplinary teams for patients who do not recover. Some of the rationale provided makes a strong case for ongoing contact. However, the practice is also maintained through poor communication with other professions and mistrust of the healthcare system.
2 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Stewart Platform

Since a parallel structure is a closed kinematics chain, all legs are connected from the origin of the tool point by a parallel connection. This connection allows a higher precision and a higher velocity. Parallel kinematic manipulators have better performance compared to serial kinematic manipulators in terms of a high degree of accuracy, high speeds or accelerations and high stiffness. Therefore, they seem perfectly suitable for industrial high-speed applications, such as pick-and-place or micro and high-speed machining. They are used in many fields such as flight simulation systems, manufacturing and medical applications. One of the most popular parallel manipulators is the general purpose 6 degree of freedom (DOF) Stewart Platform (SP) proposed by Stewart in 1965 as a flight simulator (Stewart, 1965). It consists of a top plate (moving platform), a base plate (fixed base), and six extensible legs connecting the top plate to the bottom plate. SP employing the same architecture of the Gough mechanism (Merlet, 1999) is the most studied type of parallel manipulators. This is also known as Gough–Stewart platforms in literature. Complex kinematics and dynamics often lead to model simplifications decreasing the accuracy. In order to overcome this problem, accurate kinematic and dynamic identification is needed. The kinematic and dynamic modeling of SP is extremely complicated in comparison with serial robots. Typically, the robot kinematics can be divided into forward kinematics and inverse kinematics. For a parallel manipulator, inverse kinematics is straight forward and there is no complexity deriving the equations. However, forward kinematics of SP is very complicated and difficult to solve since it requires the solution of many non-linear equations. Moreover, the forward kinematic problem generally has more than one solution. As a result, most research papers concentrated on the forward kinematics of the parallel manipulators (Bonev and Ryu, 2000; Merlet, 2004; Harib and Srinivasan, 2003; Wang, 2007). For the design and the control of the SP manipulators, the accurate dynamic model is very essential. The dynamic modeling of parallel manipulators is quite complicated because of their closed-loop structure, coupled relationship between system parameters, high nonlinearity in system dynamics and kinematic constraints. Robot dynamic modeling can be also divided into two topics: inverse and forward dynamic model. The inverse dynamic model is important for system control while the forward model is used for system simulation. To obtain the dynamic model of parallel manipulators, there are many valuable studies published by many researches in the literature. The dynamic analysis of parallel manipulators has been traditionally performed through several different methods such as
Development of a Rare-Earth-Free SR Motor With High Torque Density for Hybrid Vehicles

The increased price and the limited supply of rare-earth materials have been recognized as a problem by the international clean energy community. Rare-earth permanent magnets are widely used in electrical motors in hybrid and pure electrical vehicles, which are prized for improving fuel efficiency and reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Such motors must have characteristics of high efficiency, compactness, and high torque density, as well as a wide range of operating speeds. So far, these demands have not been achieved without the use of rare-earth permanent magnets. Here, we show that a switched reluctance motor that is competitive with rare-earth permanent-magnet motors can be designed. The developed motor contains no rare-earth permanent magnets, but rather, employs high-silicon steel with low iron loss to improve efficiency. Experiments showed that the developed motor has competitive or better efficiency, torque density, compactness, and range of operating speeds compared with a standard rare-earth permanent-magnet motor. Our results demonstrate how a rare-earth-free motor could be developed to be competitive with rare-earth permanent-magnet motors, for use as a more affordable and sustainable alternative, not only in electric and hybrid vehicles, but also in the wide variety of industrial applications.
Frequency doublers with 10.2/5.2 dBm peak power at 100/202 GHz in 45nm SOI CMOS

This paper presents frequency doublers with high output power for millimeter-wave applications. The circuits are fabricated using a 45nm SOI CMOS technology. A new circuit topology, combining a push-push doubler core with a cascaded stacked amplifier, has been implemented to increase the output power. The first doubler delivers 10.2 dBm peak power at 100 GHz output, with a 3-dB bandwidth from 88 to 104 GHz and DC-RF efficiency of 4.1%, while the second doubler has 5.2 dBm peak power at 202 GHz, with a 3-dB bandwidth from 180 to 212 GHz and DC-RF efficiency of 3.3%. To the authors' knowledge, these are the highest powers reported for silicon frequency doublers in similar frequency ranges to date. The 200 GHz doubler also provides the highest on-chip power from a single-element signal generation circuit without power combining.
Componential Theory of Creativity

The componential theory of creativity is a comprehensive model of the social and psychological components necessary for an individual to produce creative work. The theory is grounded in a definition of creativity as the production of ideas or outcomes that are both novel and appropriate to some goal. In this theory, four components are necessary for any creative response: three components within the individual – domainrelevant skills, creativity-relevant processes, and intrinsic task motivation – and one component outside the individual – the social environment in which the individual is working. The current version of the theory encompasses organizational creativity and innovation, carrying implications for the work environments created by managers. This entry defines the components of creativity and how they influence the creative process, describing modifications to the theory over time. Then, after comparing the componential theory to other creativity theories, the article describes this theory’s evolution and impact.
Development of wideband digital array radar

As the further development of narrowband digital array radar, wideband digital array radar(WDAR) get more and more research all over the world, for it not only has the advantages of narrowband digital array radar such as compact structure, large dynamic range and flexible digital beam control ability, but also can do high resolution processing such as target imaging. In this paper, based on studying some existing experimental platforms of WDAR, the authors present the basic architecture and function modules of WDAR, analyze the characteristics of WDAR compared with conventional radar, and then some key technologies of WDAR are concisely discussed, the last section conclude the paper.
Enhanced machine learning scheme for energy efficient resource allocation in 5G heterogeneous cloud radio access networks

Heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRAN) is a new trend of SC that aims to leverage the heterogeneous and cloud radio access networks advantages. Low power remote radio heads (RRHs) are exploited to provide high data rates for users with high quality of service requirements (QoS), while high power macro base stations (BSs) are deployed for coverage maintenance and low QoS users support. However, the inter-tier interference between the macro BS and RRHs and energy efficiency are critical challenges that accompany resource allocation in H-CRAN. Therefore, we propose a centralized resource allocation scheme using online learning, which guarantees interference mitigation and maximizes energy efficiency while maintaining QoS requirements for all users. To foster the performance of such scheme with a model-free learning, we consider users' priority in resource blocks (RBs) allocation and compact state representation based learning methodology to enhance the learning process. Simulation results confirm that the proposed resource allocation solution can mitigate interference, increase energy and spectral efficiencies significantly, and maintain users' QoS requirements.