nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological and LSU rDNA sequence variation within the Gonyaulax spinifera-Spiniferites group (Dinophyceae) and proposal of G-elongata comb. nov and G-membranacea comb. nov

Cultures were established from cysts of the cyst-based taxa Spiniferites elongatus and S. membranaceus. Motile cells and cysts from both cultures and sediment samples were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The cyst­ theca relationship was established for S. elongatus. The motile cells have the tabulation pattern 2 pr, 4', 6", 6c, � 4s, 6"', I p, Inn, but they remain unattributable to previously described Gonyaulax species. There was large variation in process length and process morphology in cysts from both cultures and wild samples and there was variation in ornamentation and in the development of spines and flanges in motile cells. A new combination, G. elongata (Reid) Ellegaard et al. comb. nov. is proposed, following new rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature that give genera based on extant forms priority over genera based on fossil forms. Extreme morphological variation in the cyst and motile stages of S. membranaceus is described and this species is also transferred to the genus Gonyaulax, as G. membranacea (Rossignol) Ellegaard et al. comb. nov. Approximately 1500 bp of large subunit (LSU) rDNA were determined for these two species and for G. baltica, G. cf. spinifera ( = S. ramosus) and G. digitalis ( = Bitectatodinium tepikiense). LSU rDNA showed sequence divergences similar to those estimated between species in other genera within the Gonyaulacales; a phylogeny for the Gonyaulacales was established, including novel LSU rONA sequences for Alexandrium margalefii, A. pseudogonyaulax and Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum. Our results show that motile stages obtained from the germination of several cysts of the 'fossil-based' Spiniferites and B. tepikiense, which were previously attributed to 'Gonyaulax spinifera group undifferentiated', belong to distinct species of the genus Gonyaulax. These species show small morphological differences in the motile stage but relatively high sequence divergence. Moreover, this group of species is monophyletic, supported by bootstrap values of 100% in parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses.
Mastrovito Multiplier for All Trinomials

An efficient algorithm for the multiplication in GF (2 m) was introduced by Mastrovito. The space complexity of the Mastrovito multiplier for the irreducible trinomial x m + x + 1 was given as m 2 − 1 XOR and m 2 AND gates. In this paper, we describe an architecture based on a new formulation of the multiplication matrix, and show that the Mastrovito multiplier for the generating trinomial x m + x n + 1, where m = 2n, also requires m 2 − 1 XOR and m 2 AND gates. However, m 2 − m/2 XOR gates are sufficient when the generating trinomial is of the form x m + x m/2 + 1 for an even m. We also calculate the time complexity of the proposed Mastrovito multiplier, and give design examples for the irreducible trinomials x 7 + x 4 + 1 and x 6 + x 3 + 1.
Patterns of Comorbidity Among Girls With ADHD: A Meta-analysis.

Although children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at elevated risk for comorbid psychopathology, the clinical correlates of ADHD in girls are far less understood relative to boys, despite ADHD being one of the most common childhood disorders in girls.



To meta-analytically summarize rates of comorbid internalizing (anxiety, depression) and externalizing (oppositional defiant disorder [ODD], conduct disorder [CD]) psychopathology among girls with and without ADHD.



Literature searches (PubMed, Google Scholar) identified published studies examining comorbid psychopathology in girls with and without ADHD.



Eighteen studies (1997 participants) met inclusion criteria and had sufficient data for the meta-analysis.



Odds ratios for each comorbid disorder were calculated from available data. Demographic (eg, age, race/ethnicity) and study characteristics (eg, referral source, diagnostic method) were also coded.



Compared with girls without ADHD, girls with ADHD were significantly more likely to meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for each comorbid disorder assessed. Relative odds were higher for externalizing (ODD: 5.6×; ) relative to internalizing disorders (anxiety: 3.2×; ). Meta-regression revealed larger effect sizes of ADHD on anxiety for studies using multiple diagnostic methods, featuring younger children, and including clinic-referred (versus community-referred) girls; the effect of ADHD on ODD varied based on diagnostic informant.



Findings were derived from cross-sectional studies, precluding causal inferences.



Girls with ADHD frequently exhibit comorbid externalizing and internalizing disorders. We discuss future research priorities and consider intervention implications for ADHD and comorbid psychopathology in girls.
Statistical limits of spiked tensor models

We study the statistical limits of both detecting and estimating a rank-one deformation of a symmetric random Gaussian tensor. We establish upper and lower bounds on the critical signal-to-noise ratio, under a variety of priors for the planted vector: (i) a uniformly sampled unit vector, (ii) i.i.d. ±1 entries, and (iii) a sparse vector where a constant fraction ρ of entries are i.i.d. ±1 and the rest are zero. For each of these cases, our upper and lower bounds match up to a 1+o(1) factor as the order d of the tensor becomes large. For sparse signals (iii), our bounds are also asymptotically tight in the sparse limit ρ → 0 for any fixed d (including the d = 2 case of sparse PCA). Our upper bounds for (i) demonstrate a phenomenon reminiscent of the work of Baik, Ben Arous and Péché: an ‘eigenvalue’ of a perturbed tensor emerges from the bulk at a strictly lower signal-to-noise ratio than when the perturbation itself exceeds the bulk; we quantify the size of this effect. We also provide some general results for larger classes of priors. In particular, the large d asymptotics of the threshold location differs between problems with discrete priors versus continuous priors. Finally, for priors (i) and (ii) we carry out the replica prediction from statistical physics, which is conjectured to give the exact information-theoretic threshold for any fixed d. Of independent interest, we introduce a new improvement to the second moment method for contiguity, on which our lower bounds are based. Our technique conditions away from rare ‘bad’ events that depend on interactions between the signal and noise. This enables us to close √ 2-factor gaps present in several previous works.
Femtocell Access Strategies in Heterogeneous Networks using a Game Theoretical Framework

In recent years, femtocell plays an important role in wireless networks not only for its spectrum reuse but also for its low power consumption. However, there exist several critical issues that need to be investigated, especially for the interferences between the macrocell BSs (mBSs) and femtocell BSs (fBSs). The level of interference mainly depends on the access strategies of fBSs. Two major access policies are considered in femtocell network, including the closed access mode and open access mode. The closed access mode only permits authorized subscribers to utilize the fBS; while all users are allowed to connect to the fBS by adopting the open access mode. Closed access will intuitively be advantageous to the femtocell subscribers, however, interference from the fBS to mBS's users can become severe in the closed access mode than in open access mode. System performance of the entire heterogeneous network (HetNet) can be improved if fBS is operated in the open access mode. In order to relax the inflexible access strategies, hybrid access policy is considered in this paper which allows nonsubscribers to possess limited connections to the fBS. Two cell selection games for distinct scenarios are theoretically modeled to formulate the behaviors of nonsubscribers, and the existences of pure strategy Nash equilibria are also proven under feasible utility functions. From the perspectives of subscribers, HetNet system, and operator, numerical results suggest the adoption of hybrid access mode to provide higher flexibility for the performance enhancement.
An Analysis of the Accuracy of Bluetooth Low Energy for Indoor Positioning Applications

This study investigated the impact of Bluetooth Low Energy devices in advertising/beaconing mode on fingerprint-based indoor positioning schemes. Early experimentation demonstrated that the low bandwidth of BLE signals compared to WiFi is the cause of significant measurement error when coupled with the use of three BLE advertising channels. The physics underlying this behaviour is verified in simulation. A multipath mitigation scheme is proposed and tested. It is determined that the optimal positioning performance is provided by 10Hz beaconing and a 1 second multipath mitigation processing window size. It is determined that a steady increase in positioning performance with fingerprint size occurs up to 7 ±1, above this there is no clear benefit to extra beacon coverage.
Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power amplifier using CBCPW-to-SIW transition for matching network

In this paper, for the first time a novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based 10W power amplifier (PA), designed with conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW)-to-SIW transition matching network (MN), is presented. Transition between CBCPW and SIW is employed for both input and output MN designs, the proposed SIW PA can be easily connected with any microstrip or SIW-based circuits. Asymmetrical and symmetrical types of CBCPW-to-SIW transition MN are proposed. Output SIW-based MN is designed with asymmetrical structure by using one inductive metalized post and input SIW-based MN is designed with symmetrical structure by using two identical inductive metalized posts. One SIW-based 10W PA using GaN HEMT at 3.62 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. Measured results show that the maximum power added efficiency (PAE) is 54.24 % with 39.74 dBm output power and the maximum gain is 13.31 dB. At the design frequency of 3.6 GHz, the size of proposed SIW-based PA is comparable with other microstrip-based PAs.
Positioning for the Internet of Things: A 3GPP Perspective

Many use cases in the Internet of Things (IoT) will require or benefit from location information, making positioning a vital dimension of the IoT. The 3GPP has dedicated a significant effort during its Release 14 to enhance positioning support for its IoT technologies to further improve the 3GPPbased IoT eco-system. In this article, we identify the design challenges of positioning support in LTE-M and NB-IoT, and overview the 3GPP's work in enhancing the positioning support for LTE-M and NB-IoT. We focus on OTDOA, which is a downlink based positioning method. We provide an overview of the OTDOA architecture and protocols, summarize the designs of OTDOA positioning reference signals, and present simulation results to illustrate the positioning performance.
Thermal management and cooling of windings in electrical machines for electric vehicle and traction application

Conventional electrical machine cooling includes housing fins, shaft-mounted fan, and water jacket. In these cases, heat from the copper loss of windings needs to pass through either the stator core or the air between windings and the housing. Because of the large thermal resistance in the path, these methods are sometimes not efficient enough for high torque density machines. Overheat in windings causes failure in the insulation and damages the machine. Many technologies that facilitate winding cooling have been investigated in the literature, such as winding topologies with more efficient heat dissipation capability, impregnation material with high thermal conductivity, and advanced direct winding. This paper reviews and classifies thermal management and cooling methods to provide a guideline for high torque density electrical machine design for a better winding thermal management.
Metacognition of the testing effect: guiding learners to predict the benefits of retrieval.

If the mnemonic benefits of testing are to be widely realized in real-world learning circumstances, people must appreciate the value of testing and choose to utilize testing during self-guided learning. Yet metacognitive judgments do not appear to reflect the enhancement provided by testing Karpicke & Roediger ( 2008). In this article, we show that under judicious conditions, learners can indeed reveal an understanding of the beneficial effects of testing, as well as the interaction of that effect with delay (experiment 1). In that experiment, subjects made judgments of learning (JOLs) for previously studied or previously tested items in either a cue-only or a cue-target context, and either immediately or after a 1-day delay. When subjects made judgments in a cue-only context, their JOLs accurately reflected the effects of testing, both immediately and at a delay. To evaluate the potential of exposure to such conditions for promoting generalized appreciation of testing effects, three further experiments elicited global predictions about restudied and tested items across two study/test cycles (experiments 2, 3, and 4). The results indicated that learners' global naïve metacognitive beliefs increasingly reflect the beneficial effects of testing when learners experience these benefits with increasing external support. If queried under facilitative circumstances, learners appreciate the mnemonic enhancement that testing provides on both an item-by-item and global basis but generalize that knowledge to future learning only with considerable guidance.
Simulated annealing: Practice versus theory

Simulated annealing (SA) presents an optimization technique with several striking positive and negative features. Perhaps its most salient feature, statistically promising to deliver an optimal solution, in current practice is often spurned to use instead modified faster algorithms, “simulated quenching” (SQ). Using the author’s Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) code, some examples are given which demonstrate how SQ can be much faster than SA without sacrificing accuracy.
Winding Machine for Automated Production of an Innovative Air-Gap Winding for Lightweight Electric Machines

This paper presents a newly developed winding machine, which enables an automated production of stator-mounted air-gap windings with meander structure. This structure has very high accuracy requirements. Therefore, automation is realized by the interaction of 15 actuators and a compound construction with 13 degrees of freedom. The programming works with discrete open-loop motion control to generate the kinematics. Above all, a flexible prototype of the winding machine is developed, manufactured, and tested for a motor with external rotor. Finally, experimental results of the developed automation for air-gap windings with meander structure are presented.
DiMPP: a complete distributed algorithm for multi-agent path planning

Multi-agent path planning (MAPP) is a challenging task that aims to find conflict free paths for all the agents in a given domain. Priority-based decoupled approach is one of the several approaches to solve a MAPP problem. It works as follows: first, find paths of individual agents and then restructure these paths based on some priority of the agents. Most of the existing decoupled approaches use centralised algorithms. However, multi-agent systems are inherently distributed, where agents have limited information and each agent may not know the total number of agents in the system. Some of these aspects are incorporated in DMAPP. DMAPP is an existing fully distributed algorithm that works in three phases: (i) individual path planning, (ii) priority decision-making and (iii) plan restructuring. However, DMAPP is incomplete, i.e. DMAPPmay fail to find a solution, even if it exists. In this paper, we present a new distributed algorithm (DiMPP) which is complete. The computer simulations performed on some wellknown benchmark domains reveal that DiMPP outperforms DMAPP in the number of problem instances solved. For larger problem instances, the time taken by DiMPP is orders of magnitude less than that of some existing centralised algorithms. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 30 May 2016  February 2017
Design of dual-polarized waveguide slotted antenna array for Ka-band application

A dual polarized waveguide slotted array for Ka band application is designed. Vertical polarization (VP) is realized by longitudinal slots on broad wall of the ridge waveguide sub array, while horizontal polarization (HP) is realized by tilted slot pairs in the narrow wall of the rectangular waveguide sub array. The feed networks are also designed for each polarization. Especially that for VP, a method to improve the coupling is presented. The antenna has low cross-polarization level and high degree of isolation between two ports.
Classic Hallucinogens and Mystical Experiences: Phenomenology and Neural Correlates.

This chapter begins with a brief review of descriptions and definitions of mystical-type experiences and the historical connection between classic hallucinogens and mystical experiences. The chapter then explores the empirical literature on experiences with classic hallucinogens in which claims about mystical or religious experiences have been made. A psychometrically validated questionnaire is described for the reliable measurement of mystical-type experiences occasioned by classic hallucinogens. Controlled laboratory studies show that under double-blind conditions that provide significant controls for expectancy bias, psilocybin can occasion complete mystical experiences in the majority of people studied. These effects are dose-dependent, specific to psilocybin compared to placebo or a psychoactive control substance, and have enduring impact on the moods, attitudes, and behaviors of participants as assessed by self-report of participants and ratings by community observers. Other studies suggest that enduring personal meaning in healthy volunteers and therapeutic outcomes in patients, including reduction and cessation of substance abuse behaviors and reduction of anxiety and depression in patients with a life-threatening cancer diagnosis, are related to the occurrence of mystical experiences during drug sessions. The final sections of the chapter draw parallels in human neuroscience research between the neural bases of experiences with classic hallucinogens and the neural bases of meditative practices for which claims of mystical-type experience are sometimes made. From these parallels, a functional neural model of mystical experience is proposed, based on changes in the default mode network of the brain that have been observed after the administration of classic hallucinogens and during meditation practices for which mystical-type claims have been made.
Knowledge discovery from database Using an integration of clustering and classification

Clustering and classification are two important techniques of data mining. Classification is a supervised learning problem of assigning an object to one of several pre-defined categories based upon the attributes of the object. While, clustering is an unsupervised learning problem that group objects based upon distance or similarity. Each group is known as a cluster. In this paper we make use of a large database ‘Fisher’s Iris Dataset’ containing 5 attributes and 150 instances to perform an integration of clustering and classification techniques of data mining. We compared results of simple classification technique (using J48 classifier) with the results of integration of clustering and classification technique, based upon various parameters using WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis), a Data Mining tool. The results of the experiment show that integration of clustering and classification gives promising results with utmost accuracy rate and robustness even when the data set is containing missing values.  Mining; J48; KMEANS; WEKA; Fisher’s Iris dataset;
A Theory of Memory Retrieval

A theory of memory retrieval is developed and is shown to apply over a range of experimental paradigms. Access to memory traces is viewed in terms of a resonance metaphor. The probe item evokes the search set on the basis of probe-memory item relatedness, just as a ringing tuning fork evokes sympathetic vibrations in other tuning forks. Evidence is accumulated in parallel from each probe-memory item comparison, and each comparison is modeled by a continuous random walk process. In item recognition, the decision process is self-terminating on matching comparisons and exhaustive on nonmatching comparisons. The mathematical model produces predictions about accuracy, mean reaction time, error latency, and reaction time distributions that are in good accord with experimental data. The theory is applied to four item recognition paradigms (Sternberg, prememorized list, study-test, and continuous) and to speed-accuracy paradigms; results are found to provide a basis for comparison of these paradigms. It is noted that neural network models can be interfaced to the retrieval theory with little difficulty and that semantic memory models may benefit from such a retrieval scheme.
Mowgli: A Bipedal Jumping and Landing Robot with an Artificial Musculoskeletal System

Jumping and landing movements are characterized by large instantaneous forces, short duration, and a high uncertainty concerning take off and landing points. Such characteristics make conventional types of control and robot design inadequate. Here we present an approach to realize motor control of jumping and landing which exploits the synergy between control and mechanical structure. Our experimental system is a pneumatically actuated bipedal robot called "Mowgli". Mowgli's artificial musculoskeletal system consists of six McKibben pneumatic muscle actuators including bi-articular muscle and two legs with hip, knee, and ankle joints. Mowgli can reach jump heights of more than 50% of its body height and can land softly. Our results show a proximo-distal sequence of joint extensions during jumping despite simultaneous motor activity. Extensions in the whole body motion are caused by the compliance and the natural dynamics of the legs. In addition to the experiments with the real robot, we also simulated two types of open loop controllers for vertical jumping with disturbance. We found that the model controlled by open loop motor command through a muscle-tendon mechanism could jump robustly. The simulation results demonstrate the contribution of the artificial musculoskeletal system as a physical feedback loop in explosive movements.