nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and specificity of 3-phase bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome of the upper extremity.

Joint and bone alterations are seldom mentioned in the diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) even though they are important for long-term outcome. Altered periarticular bone metabolism can be detected by 3-phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS). Although frequently examining the diagnostic efficacy of TPBS is debatable.



In all, 78 TPBS (45 CRPS/33 control group) were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Sensitivity and specificity of the qualitative blinded reviewer analysis (n=57) compared with quantitative region of interest (ROI)-based analysis over the metacarpophalangeal, proximal, and distal interphalangeal joints (n=74) were evaluated. Patients' sex, age, duration of CRPS, inciting event, extent of joint alteration, and handedness were included as covariables.



Qualitative blinded reviewer TPBS analysis had a high specificity (83%-100%). However, sensitivity was 31% to 50%. Interrater reliability was moderate (kappa score 0.56). Using the ROI-based evaluation, the highest sensitivity (69%) and specificity (75%) (ROI score > or =1.32) was shown for phase 3, whereas sensitivity of phases 1 and 2 rapidly declined to 50%. Duration of CRPS until TPBS was the only variable with significant impact on ROI scores of phase 3 (F=23.7; P=0.000; R=0.42). ROI scores declined with increasing duration of CRPS.



In conclusion, TPBS is a highly specific tool for diagnosing CRPS of the upper limb. ROI evaluation of phase 3 within the first 5 months after onset of CRPS is an appropriate additional diagnostic tool to confirm or exclude CRPS of the upper extremity.
A premenarcheal girl with urogenital bleeding.

An 8-year-old Caucasian girl was referred with perineal bleeding of sudden onset during micturition. There was no history of trauma, fever or dysuria, but she had a history of constipation. Family history was unremarkable. Physical examination showed a prepubertal girl with a red ‘doughnut’-shaped lesion surrounding the urethral meatus (figure 1). Laboratory findings, including platelet count and coagulation, were normal. A vaginoscopy, performed using sedation, was negative. Swabs tested negative for sexually transmitted pathogens. A diagnosis of urethral prolapse (UP) was made on clinical appearance. Treatment with topical oestrogen cream was started and constipation treated with oral polyethylene glycol. On day 10, the bleeding stopped, and at week 5 there was a moderate regression of the UP. However, occasional mild bleeding persisted at 10 months, so she was referred to a urologist . UP is an eversion of the distal urethral mucosa through the external meatus. It is most commonly seen in postmenopausal women and is uncommon in prepubertal girls. UP is rare in Caucasian children and more common in patients of African descent. 2 It may be asymptomatic or present with bleeding, spotting or urinary symptoms. The exact pathophysiological process of UP is unknown. Increased intra-abdominal pressure with straining, inadequate periurethral supporting tissue, neuromuscular dysfunction and a relative oestrogen deficiency are possible predisposing factors. Differential diagnoses include ureterocele, polyps, tumours and non-accidental injury. 3 Management options include conservative treatments such as tepid water baths and topical oestrogens. Surgery is indicated if bleeding, dysuria or pain persist. 5 Vaginoscopy in this case was possibly unnecessary, as there were no signs of trauma to the perineal area or other concerning signs or history of abuse. In the presence of typical UP, invasive diagnostic procedures should not be considered as first-line investigations and they should be reserved for cases of diagnostic uncertainty.
A Linear Precoding Scheme for Downlink Multiuser MIMO Precoding Systems

In this letter, we propose a low complexity linear precoding scheme for downlink multiuser MIMO precoding systems where there is no limit on the number of multiple antennas employed at both the base station and the users. In the proposed algorithm, we can achieve the precoder in two steps. In the first step, we balance the multiuser interference (MUI) and noise by carrying out a novel channel extension approach. In the second step, we further optimize the system performance assuming parallel SU MIMO channels. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve elaborate performance while offering lower computational complexity.
Design of Yagi-Uda Antenna using Microstrip Circuit

This paper gives the design of Yagi-Uda antenna using microstrip circuit. Microstip circuits are used to implement Yagi-Uda antenna so as to reduce the size but here we have shown only two optimization technique. This has been done by varying the length, width and spacing between reflector, driven element and directors. Simulations are conducted to show how return loss and other parameters vary by varying the above mentioned Yagi-Uda parameters. This antenna is operating very near to resonant frequency fr = 2. 4 GHz with the specification relative permittivity ?r= 3. 2, height of substrate h=1. 6mm, characteristic impedance Z0 = 50 ohm and thickness of strip conductor t=35um. In this paper, two most approximate results after all these perturbations are analyzed and simulations showing return loss and other parameters like directivity, gain and power radiated are discussed. The simulation process has been done using Advanced Design System (ADS) tool.
A Comparative Analysis of Green ICT Maturity Models

Maturity models have become a common tool for organisations to assess their capabilities in a variety of domains. However, for fields that have not yet been researched thoroughly, it can be difficult to create and evolve a maturity model that features all the important aspects in that field. It takes time and many iterative improvements for a maturity model to come of age. This is the case for Green ICT maturity models, whose aim is typically to either provide insight on the important aspects an organisation or a researcher should take into account when trying to improve the social or environmental impact of ICT, or to assist in the auditing of such aspects. In fact, when we were commissioned a comprehensive ICT-sustainability auditing for Utrecht University, we not only faced the need of selecting a Green ICT maturity model, but also to ensure that it covered as many organisational aspects as possible, extending the model if needed. This paper reports on the comparison we carried out of several Green ICT maturity models, how we extended our preferred model with needed constructs, and how we applied the resulting model during the ICT-sustainability auditing.
Venereal warts in children.

More than 24 million cases of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection occur in adults in the United States, with an estimated 1 million new cases developing each year. The number of outpatient visits for adults who have venereal warts (condyloma acuminata) increased fivefold from 1966 to 1981. (1) HPV infections in children may present as common skin warts, anogenital warts (AGW), oral and laryngeal papillomas, and subclinical infections. The increased incidence of AGW in children has paralleled that of adults. AGW in children present a unique diagnostic challenge: Is the HPV infection a result of child sexual abuse (CSA), which requires reporting to Child Protective Services (CPS), or acquired through an otherwise innocuous mechanism? Practitioners must balance “missing” a case of CSA if they do not report to CPS against reporting to CPS and having parents or other caregivers potentially suffer false accusation and its potential ramifications, which may include losing custody of children. In the past, simply identifying AGW in a young child was considered indicative of CSA by some experts. However, there is no defined national standard beyond the limited guidance provided in the 2005 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Policy Statement, which states that AGW are suspicious for CSA if not perinatally acquired and the rare vertical, nonsexual means of infection have been excluded. (2) Guidance in determining perinatal acquisition or nonsexual transmission is not provided. This review examines the pathophysiology of HPV causing AGW in children and adolescents, diagnostic challenges, treatment options, and a clinical pathway for the evaluation of young children who have AGW when CSA is of concern.
EncFS goes multi-user: Adding access control to an encrypted file system

Among the different existing cryptographic file systems, EncFS has a unique feature that makes it attractive for backup setups involving untrusted (cloud) storage. It is a file-based overlay file system in normal operation (i.e., it maintains a directory hierarchy by storing encrypted representations of files and folders in a specific source folder), but its reverse mode allows to reverse this process: Users can mount deterministic, encrypted views of their local, unencrypted files on the fly, allowing synchronization to untrusted storage using standard tools like rsync without having to store encrypted representations on the local hard drive. So far, EncFS is a single-user solution: All files of a folder are encrypted using the same, static key; file access rights are passed through to the encrypted representation, but not otherwise considered. In this paper, we work out how multi-user support can be integrated into EncFS and its reverse mode in particular. We present an extension that a) stores individual files' owner/group information and permissions in a confidential and authenticated manner, and b) cryptographically enforces thereby specified read rights. For this, we introduce user-specific keys and an appropriate, automatic key management. Given a user's key and a complete encrypted source directory, the extension allows access to exactly those files the user is authorized for according to the corresponding owner/group/permissions information. Just like EncFS, our extension depends only on symmetric cryptographic primitives.
Product discovery from E-commerce listings via deep text parsing

Understanding unstructured text in e-commerce catalogs is important for product search and recommendations. In this paper, we tackle the product discovery problem for fashion e-commerce catalogs where each input listing text consists of descriptions of one or more products; each with its own set of attributes. For instance, [this RED printed short top paired with blue jeans makes you go green] contains two products: item top with attributes {pattern=printed, length=short, brand=RED} and item jeans with attributes {color=blue}. The task of product discovery is rendered quite challenging due to the complexity of fashion dictionary (e.g. RED is a brand or green is a metaphor) added to the difficulty of associating attributes to appropriate items (e.g. associating RED brand with item top). Beyond classical attribute extraction task, product discovery entails parsing multi-sentence listings to tag new items and attributes unknown to the underlying schema; at the same time, associating attributes to relevant items to form meaningful products. Towards solving this problem, we propose a novel composition of sequence labeling and multi-task learning as an end-to-end trainable deep neural architecture. We systematically evaluate our approach on one of the largest tagged datasets in e-commerce consisting of 25K listings labeled at word-level. Given 23 labels, we discover label-values with F1 score of 92.2%. To our knowledge, this is the first work to tackle product discovery and show effectiveness of neural architectures on a complex dataset that goes beyond popular datasets for POS tagging and NER.
Social vehicle swarms: a novel perspective on socially aware vehicular communication architecture

Internet of vehicles is a promising area related to D2D communication and the Internet of Things. We present a novel perspective on vehicular communications and social vehicle swarms, to study and analyze a socially aware Internet of vehicles with the assistance of an agent-based model intended to reveal hidden patterns behind superficial data. After discussing its components (its agents, environments, and rules), we introduce supportive technology and methods, deep reinforcement learning, privacy preserving data mining, and sub-cloud computing in order to detect the most significant and interesting information for each individual effectively, which is the key desire. Finally, several relevant research topics and challenges are discussed.
Upper Limb Dimelia.

A patient with upper limb dimelia including a double scapula, humerus, radius, and ulna, 11 metacarpals and digits (5 on the superior side, 6 on the inferior side) was treated with a simple amputation of the inferior limb resulting in cosmetic improvement and maintenance of range of motion in the preserved limb. During the amputation, the 2 limbs were found to be anatomically separate except for the ulnar nerve, which, in the superior limb, bifurcated into the sensory branch of radial nerve in the inferior limb, and the brachial artery, which bifurcated into the radial artery. Each case of this rare anomaly requires its own individually carefully planned surgical procedure.
Evaluation of neck masses in adults.

Neck masses are often seen in clinical practice, and the family physician should be able to determine the etiology of a mass using organized, efficient diagnostic methods. The first goal is to determine if the mass is malignant or benign; malignancies are more common in adult smokers older than 40 years. Etiologies can be grouped according to whether the onset/duration is acute (e.g., infectious), subacute (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma), or chronic (e.g., thyroid), and further narrowed by patient demographics. If the history and physical examination do not find an obvious cause, imaging and surgical tools are helpful. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the initial diagnostic test of choice in adults. Computed tomography angiography is recommended over magnetic resonance angiography for the evaluation of pulsatile neck masses. If imaging rules out involvement of underlying vital structures, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy can be performed, providing diagnostic information via cytology, Gram stain, and bacterial and acid-fast bacilli cultures. The sensitivity and specificity of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in detecting a malignancy range from 77% to 97% and 93% to 100%, respectively.
Acute effects of feeding fructose, glucose and sucrose on blood lipid levels and systemic inflammation

Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between fructose consumption and risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Mechanisms by which dietary fructose mediates metabolic changes are poorly understood. This study compared the effects of fructose, glucose and sucrose consumption on post-postprandial lipemia and low grade inflammation measured as hs-CRP. This was a randomized, single blinded, cross-over trial involving healthy subjects (n = 14). After an overnight fast, participants were given one of 3 different isocaloric drinks, containing 50 g of either fructose or glucose or sucrose dissolved in water. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30, 60 and 120 minutes post intervention for the analysis of blood lipids, glucose, insulin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Glucose and sucrose supplementation initially resulted in a significant increase in glucose and insulin levels compared to fructose supplementation and returned to near baseline values within 2 hours. Change in plasma cholesterol, LDL and HDL-cholesterol (measured as area under curve, AUC) was significantly higher when participants consumed fructose compared with glucose or sucrose (P < 0.05). AUC for plasma triglyceride levels however remained unchanged regardless of the dietary intervention. Change in AUC for hs-CRP was also significantly higher in subjects consuming fructose compared with those consuming glucose (P < 0.05), but not sucrose (P = 0.07). This study demonstrates that fructose as a sole source of energy modulates plasma lipids and hsCRP levels in healthy individuals. The significance of increase in HDL-cholesterol with a concurrent increase in LDL-cholesterol and elevated hs-CRP levels remains to be delineated when considering health effects of feeding fructose-rich diets.
Mobile Journalist Toolkit: a field study on producing news articles with a mobile device

Today's handheld mobile devices with advanced multimedia capabilities and wireless broadband connectivity have emerged as potential new tools for journalists to produce news articles. It is envisioned that they could enable faster, more authentic, and more efficient news production, and many large news producing organizations, including Reuters and BBC, have recently been experimenting with them. In this paper, we present a field study on using mobile devices to produce news articles. During the study, a group of 19 M.A.-level journalism students used the Mobile Journalist Toolkit, a lightweight set of tools for mobile journalist work built around the Nokia N82 camera phone, to produce an online news blog. Our results indicate that while the mobile device cannot completely replace the traditional tools, for some types of journalist tasks they provide major benefits over the traditional tools, and are thus a useful addition to the journalist's toolbox.
A dual polarized cavity-backed aperture antenna for 5G mmW MIMO applications

A dual-polarized wideband aperture antenna operating in millimeter wave band (about 30GHz) for MIMO applications in 5G mobile communication systems is presented. Using the tapered aperture hybrid structure and the backed-cavity design on PCB technology, the antenna achieves dual-polarized and unidirectional broadside radiation. The proposed antenna also possesses a high port-to-port isolation of better than 26dB and a broad impedance bandwidth of 25%. This work further extends to a 4-element array with an isolation better than 18 dB under array arrangement. The antenna design were verified by simulation and measurement.
A Review of Electronic-Photonic Heterogeneous Integration at DARPA

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has developed programs in integrated photonics for over a decade. From the Electronic-photonic Integrated Circuits (EPIC) program to the more recent Electronic-photonic Heterogeneous Integration (E-PHI) program, DARPA programs have established a library of high-performance silicon photonic devices and have demonstrated heterogeneous integration processes. These components and integration techniques, combined with automated design software tools, form the basis of the new American Institute for Manufacturing Integrated Photonics which will establish a photonics manufacturing ecosystem in the United States through a combination of public and private funds.
Low Power Ring Oscillator at 180nm CMOS Technology

In this paper a low power design for CMOS ring oscillator is proposed and analyzed for power consumption. The proposed design is compared with an existing design. the simulation is done on Cadence virtuoso tool at 180nm CMOS technology and the results are analyzed for power consumption. The proposed ring oscillator circuit uses positive feedback in its inverter based circuit and operate with nine cascading CMOS inverter. The power consumption of the proposed design is reduced by 28.40% at 0.9v and 54.64% at 1v as compared with a previous design.
Performance of smart antenna system under different SNR

Many significant sources of error take place in the smart antenna system like mismatching between the supposed steering vectors and the real vectors, insufficient calibration of array antenna, etc. These errors correspond to adding spatially white noise to each element of the array antenna, therefore the performance of the smart antenna falls and the desired output signal is destroyed. This paper presents a performance study of a smart antenna system at different noise levels using five adaptive beamforming algorithms and compares between them. The investigated algorithms are Least Mean Square (LMS), Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS), Sample Matrix Inversion (SMI), Recursive Least Square (RLS) and Hybrid Least Mean Square / Sample Matrix Inversion (LMS/SMI). MATLAB simulation results are illustrated to investigate the performance of these algorithms.
Performance Optimization of Communication Subsystem in Scale-Out Distributed Storage

Scale-out distributed storage systems have recently gained high attentions with the emergence of big data and cloud computing technologies. However, these storage systems sometimes suffer from performance degradation, especially when the communication subsystem is not fully optimized. The problem becomes worse as the network bandwidth and its corresponding traffic increase. In this paper, we first conduct an extensive analysis of communication subsystem in Ceph, an object-based scale-out distributed storage system. Ceph uses asynchronous messenger framework for inter-component communication in the storage cluster. Then, we propose three major optimizations to improve the performance of Ceph messenger. These include i) deploying load balancing algorithm among worker threads based on the amount of workloads, ii) assigning multiple worker threads (we call dual worker) per single connection to maximize the overlapping activity among threads, and iii) using multiple connections between storage servers to maximize bandwidth usage, and thus reduce replication overhead. The experimental results show that the optimized Ceph messenger outperforms the original messenger implementation up to 40% in random writes with 4K messages. Moreover, Ceph with optimized communication subsystem shows up to 13% performance improvement as compared to original Ceph.
On the risk of severe dengue during secondary infection: a systematic review coupled with mathematical modeling.

The present study aimed to systematically quantify the well known risk of severe dengue during secondary infection in literature and to understand how epidemiological mechanisms of enhancement during the secondary infection influence the empirically estimated risk of severe dengue by means of mathematical modeling.



Two conditional risks of severe dengue, i.e. symptomatic illness and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), given secondary infection were explored based on systematically searched prospective studies. A two-strain epidemiological model was employed to simulate the transmission dynamics of dengue and to identify the relevant data gaps in empirical observations.



Using the variance-based weighting, the pooled relative risk (RR) of symptomatic illness during secondary infection was estimated at 9.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.1-14.4], and similarly, RR of DHF/DSS was estimated to be 23.7 (95% CI: 15.3-36.9). A variation in the RR of DHF/DSS was observed among prospective studies. Using the mathematical modeling technique, we identified the duration of cross-protective immunity as an important modulator of the time-dependent behaviour of the RR of severe dengue. Different epidemiological mechanisms of enhancement during secondary infection yielded different RR of severe dengue.



Optimal design of prospective cohort study for dengue should be considered, accounting for the time-dependence in the RR during the course of dengue epidemic. It is critical to statistically infer the duration of cross-protective immunity and clarify how the enhancement influences the epidemiological dynamics during secondary infection.