nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Research Paper on Content Based Image Retrieval System using Improved SVM Technique

Content-based image retrieval utilizes representations of features that are automatically extracted from the images themselves. Allmost all of the current CBIR systems allow for querying-by-example, a technique wherein an image (or part of an image) is selected by the user as the query. The system extracts the feature of the query image, searches the database for images with similar features, and exhibits relevant images to the user in order of similarity to the query. In this context, content includes among other features, perceptual properties such as texture, color, shape, and spatial relationships. Many CBIR systems have been developed that compare, analyze and retrieve images based on one or more of these features. Some systems have achieved various degrees of success by combining both content-based and text-based retrieval. In all cases, however, there has been no definitive conclusion as to what features provide the best retrieval. In this paper we present a modified SVM technique to retrieve the images similar to the query image.
Minimum jerk path generation

This paper presents a simple method o f trajectory generation of robot manipulators based on an optimal control problem formulation. It was found recently that the jerk, the third derivative of position, of the desired trajectory, adversely affects the efficiency of the control algorithms and therefore should be minimized. Assuming joint position, velocity and acceleration t o be constrained a cost criterion containing jerk is considered. Initially. the simple environment without obstacles and constrained by the physical l imitat ions o f the jo in t angles only i s examined. For practical reasons, the free execution t ime has been used t o handle the velocity and acceleration constraints instead of the complete bounded state variable formulation. The problem o f minimizing the jerk along an arbitrary Cartesian trajectory i s formulated and given analytical solution, making this method useful for real world environments containing obstacles.
A transformer-based current-reuse QVCO with a capacitor coupling technique in 180 nm CMOS

This paper proposes a low-power and low phase-noise current-reuse quadrature VCO using a combination of capacitor coupling and transformer feedback technique. Compared with conventional active coupled QVCO, the proposed QVCO can achieve a low phase noise characteristics with low power consumption. The proposed QVCO was fabricated in 180 nm CMOS process technology and showed a 1 MHz offset phase noise of -127 dBc/Hz at 3.97 GHz. The power consumption was 6.26 mW with 1.0 V supply voltage and a figure of merit (FOM) of the proposed QVCO was -191 dBc/Hz.
Defining and recognising locally advanced basal cell carcinoma.

Rarely, basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) have the potential to become extensively invasive and destructive, a phenomenon that has led to the term "locally advanced BCC" (laBCC). We identified and described the diverse settings that could be considered "locally advanced".



The panel of experts included oncodermatologists, dermatological and maxillofacial surgeons, pathologists, radiotherapists and geriatricians. During a 1-day workshop session, an interactive flow/sequence of questions and inputs was debated.



Discussion of nine cases permitted us to approach consensus concerning what constitutes laBCC. The expert panel retained three major components for the complete assessment of laBCC cases: factors of complexity related to the tumour itself, factors related to the operability and the technical procedure, and factors related to the patient. Competing risks of death should be precisely identified. To ensure homogeneous multidisciplinary team (MDT) decisions in different clinical settings, the panel aimed to develop a practical tool based on the three components.



The grid presented is not a definitive tool, but rather, it is a method for analysing the complexity of laBCC.
UGR'16: A new dataset for the evaluation of cyclostationarity-based network IDSs

The evaluation of algorithms and techniques to implement intrusion detection systems heavily rely on the existence of well designed datasets. In the last years, a lot of efforts have been done toward building these datasets. Yet, there is still room to improve. In this paper, a comprehensive review of existing datasets is first done, making emphasis on their main shortcomings. Then, we present a new dataset that is built with real traffic and up-to-date attacks. The main advantage of this dataset over previous ones is its usefulness for evaluating IDSs that consider long-term evolution and traffic periodicity. Models that consider differences in daytime/nighttime or weekdays/weekends can also be trained and evaluated with it. We discuss all the requirements for a modern IDS evaluation dataset and analyze how the one presented here meets the different needs.
Real-time fiber-level cloth rendering

Modeling cloth with fiber-level geometry can produce highly realistic details. However, rendering fiber-level cloth models not only has a high memory cost but it also has a high computation cost even for offline rendering applications. In this paper we present a real-time fiber-level cloth rendering method for current GPUs. Our method procedurally generates fiber-level geometric details on-the-fly using yarn-level control points for minimizing the data transfer to the GPU. We also reduce the rasterization operations by collectively representing the fibers near the center of each ply that form the yarn structure. Moreover, we employ a level-of-detail strategy to minimize or completely eliminate the generation of fiber-level geometry that would have little or no impact on the final rendered image. Furthermore, we introduce a simple yarn-level ambient occlusion approximation and self-shadow computation method that allows lighting with self-shadows using relatively low-resolution shadow maps. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by comparing our simplified fiber geometry to procedurally generated references and display knitwear containing more than a hundred million individual fiber curves at real-time frame rates with shadows and ambient occlusion.
Carbonized Silk Fabric for Ultrastretchable, Highly Sensitive, and Wearable Strain Sensors.

A carbonized plain-weave silk fabric is fabricated into wearable and robust strain sensors, which can be stretched up to 500% and show high sensitivity in a wide strain range. This sensor can be assembled into wearable devices for detection of both large and subtle human activities, showing great potential for monitoring human motions and personal health.
Queueing networks and Markov chains - modeling and performance evaluation with computer science applications; 2nd Edition

The Second Edition of this now-classic text provides a current and thorough treatment of queueing systems, queueing networks, continuous and discrete-time Markov chains, and simulation. Thoroughly updated with new content, as well as new problems and worked examples, the text offers readers both the theory and practical guidance needed to conduct performance and reliability evaluations of computer, communication, and manufacturing systems.
On the Need of Cross Validation for Discourse Relation Classification

The task of implicit discourse relation classification has received increased attention in recent years, including two CoNNL shared tasks on the topic. Existing machine learning models for the task train on sections 2-21 of the PDTB and test on section 23, which includes a total of 761 implicit discourse relations. In this paper, we’d like to make a methodological point, arguing that the standard test set is too small to draw conclusions about whether the inclusion of certain features constitute a genuine improvement, or whether one got lucky with some properties of the test set, and argue for the adoption of cross validation for the discourse relation classification task by the community.
The forward osmosis membrane bioreactor : A low fouling alternative to MBR processes

A novel osmotic membrane bioreactor (OsMBR) is presented. The system utilizes a submerged forward osmosis (FO) membrane module inside a bioreactor. Through osmosis, water is transported from the mixed liquor across a semi-permeable membrane, and into a draw solution (DS) with a higher osmotic pressure. To produce potable water, the diluted DS is treated in a reverse osmosis (RO) unit; the by-product is a reconcentrated DS for reuse in the FO process. Preliminary results from experiments conducted with a flat-sheet cellulose triacetate FO membrane demonstrated high sustainable flux and relatively low reverse transport of solutes from the DS into the mixed liquor. Membrane fouling was controlled with osmotic backwashing. The FO membrane was found to reject 98% of organic carbon and 90% of ammonium-nitrogen; the OsMBR process (bioreactor and FO membrane) was found to remove greater than 99% of organic carbon and 98% of ammonium-nitrogen, respectively; suggesting a better compatibility of the OsMBR with downstream RO systems than conventional membrane bioreactors.
Ask Me Again But Don't Annoy Me: Evaluating Re-authentication Strategies for Smartphones

Re-authenticating users may be necessary for smartphone authentication schemes that leverage user behaviour, device context, or task sensitivity. However, due to the unpredictable nature of re-authentication, users may get annoyed when they have to use the default, non-transparent authentication prompt for re-authentication. We address this concern by proposing several re-authentication configurations with varying levels of screen transparency and an optional time delay before displaying the authentication prompt. We conduct user studies with 30 participants to evaluate the usability and security perceptions of these configurations. We find that participants respond positively to our proposed changes and utilize the time delay while they are anticipating to get an authentication prompt to complete their current task. Though our findings indicate no differences in terms of task performance against these configurations, we find that the participants’ preferences for the configurations are context-based. They generally prefer the reauthentication configuration with a non-transparent background for sensitive applications, such as banking and photo apps, while their preferences are inclined towards convenient, usable configurations for medium and low sensitive apps or while they are using their devices at home. We conclude with suggestions to improve the design of our proposed configurations as well as a discussion of guidelines for future implementations of re-authentication schemes.
Modeling Concept Dependencies in a Scientific Corpus

Our goal is to generate reading lists for students that help them optimally learn technical material. Existing retrieval algorithms return items directly relevant to a query but do not return results to help users read about the concepts supporting their query. This is because the dependency structure of concepts that must be understood before reading material pertaining to a given query is never considered. Here we formulate an information-theoretic view of concept dependency and present methods to construct a “concept graph” automatically from a text corpus. We perform the first human evaluation of concept dependency edges (to be published as open data), and the results verify the feasibility of automatic approaches for inferring concepts and their dependency relations. This result can support search capabilities that may be tuned to help users learn a subject rather than retrieve documents based on a single query.
IoT Based Smart Cradle System with an Android App for Baby Monitoring

Availability of high speed internet and wide use of mobile phones leads to gain the popularity to IoT. One such important concept of the same is the use of mobile phones by working parents to watch the activities of baby while babysitting. This paper presents the design of Smart Cradle which supports such video monitoring. This cradle swings automatically on detection of baby cry sound. Also it activates buzzer and gives alerts on phone if-first, baby cry continues till specific time which means now cradle cannot handle baby and baby needs personal attention and second, if the mattress in the cradle is wet. This cradle has an automatic rotating toy for baby's entertainment which will reduce the baby cry possibility.
A 10-bit active RF phase shifter for 5G wireless systems

This paper presents an active RF phase shifter with 10 bit control word targeted toward the upcoming 5G wireless systems. The circuit is designed and fabricated using 45 nm CMOS SOI technology. An IQ vector modulator (IQVM) topology is used which provides both amplitude and phase control. The design is programmable with exhaustive digital controls available for parameters like bias voltage, resonance frequency, and gain. The frequency of operation is tunable from 12.5 GHz to 15.7 GHz. The mean angular separation between phase points is 1.5 degree at optimum amplitude levels. The rms phase error over the operating band is as low as 0.8 degree. Active area occupied is 0.18 square millimeter. The total DC power consumed from 1 V supply is 75 mW.
The effectiveness of problem-based learning on development of nursing students' critical thinking: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the effectiveness of problem-based learning in developing nursing students' critical thinking.



Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Proquest, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were undertaken to identify randomized controlled trails from 1965 to December 2012, comparing problem-based learning with traditional lectures on the effectiveness of development of nursing students' critical thinking, with no language limitation. The mesh-terms or key words used in the search were problem-based learning, thinking, critical thinking, nursing, nursing education, nurse education, nurse students, nursing students and pupil nurse.



Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. Quality assessment was conducted independently by two reviewers using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool. We analyzed critical thinking scores (continuous outcomes) using a standardized mean difference (SMD) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran's Q statistic and I(2) statistic. Publication bias was assessed by means of funnel plot and Egger's test of asymmetry.



Nine articles representing eight randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Most studies were of low risk of bias. The pooled effect size showed problem-based learning was able to improve nursing students' critical thinking (overall critical thinking scores SMD=0.33, 95%CI=0.13-0.52, P=0.0009), compared with traditional lectures. There was low heterogeneity (overall critical thinking scores I(2)=45%, P=0.07) in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was observed regarding overall critical thinking scores (P=0.536). Sensitivity analysis showed that the result of our meta-analysis was reliable. Most effect sizes for subscales of the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI) and Bloom's Taxonomy favored problem-based learning, while effect sizes for all subscales of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) and most subscales of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WCGTA) were inconclusive.



The results of the current meta-analysis indicate that problem-based learning might help nursing students to improve their critical thinking. More research with larger sample size and high quality in different nursing educational contexts are required.
Kinect Range Sensing: Structured-Light versus Time-of-Flight Kinect

Recently, the new Kinect One has been issued by Microsoft, providing the next generation of real-time range sensing devices based on the Time-of-Flight (ToF) principle. As the first Kinect version was using a structured light approach, one would expect various differences in the characteristics of the range data delivered by both devices. This paper presents a detailed and in-depth comparison between both devices. In order to conduct the comparison, we propose a framework of seven different experimental setups, which is a generic basis for evaluating range cameras such as Kinect. The experiments have been designed with the goal to capture individual effects of the Kinect devices as isolatedly as possible and in a way, that they can also be adopted, in order to apply them to any other range sensing device. The overall goal of this paper is to provide a solid insight into the pros and cons of either device. Thus, scientists that are interested in using Kinect range sensing cameras in their specific application scenario can directly assess the expected, specific benefits and potential problem of either device.
Application of 3D body scanning technology to human measurement for clothing Fit

Complications with garment sizing and poor fit inconvenience many consumers who become dissatisfied with such provision on the high street. It is evident that human measurement and classification of the human body based on size and shape are precedent to accurate clothing fit and therefore fundamental to production and consumption. With advancement in technology, automated 3D body scanners designed to capture the shape and size of a human body in seconds and further produce its true-to-scale 3D body model have been developed. The use of data generated is extensive; and include anthropometric dimensions and morphology for the creation of avatars and mannequins. This technology is currently viewed as the frontier in solving fit problems, for instance by generating accurate data for the development of size charts, enabling a pragmatic approach to the offer of mass customisation and also facilitating virtual model fit trials that enhance online clothing shopping experiences. Consumers have become savvier than ever and as the demand for well-fitted garments is increasing, 3D body scanning technology is being viewed as a significant bridge between craftsmanship and computer-aided design technologies. Currently being explored by academic research and not as yet widely implemented across retail sectors, it is expected to facilitate consumer satisfaction and reduce commercial waste due to ‘ill-fit’ returns. There is therefore a vital need to authenticate procedures and establish systems for practice. This paper seeks to assess the application of one such technology to human measurement for clothing provision and tests procedures for its implementation. The methodology presents a case study approach involving the use of one such stateof-the-art technology in the acquisition of measurement data at a metropolitan university in the UK, and advises on the application of the 3D body scanner in research and sampling activities.
A three translational DoFs parallel cube-manipulator

This paper concerns the presentation and analysis of a type of three translational degrees of freedom (DoFs) parallel cube-manipulator. The parallel manipulators are the topology architectures of the DELTA robot and Tsai’s manipulator, respectively, which have three translational DoFs. In the design, the three actuators are arranged according to the Cartesian coordinate system, which means that the actuating directions are normal to each other, and the joints connecting to the moving platform are located on three sides of a cube, for such reason we call this type of manipulator the parallel cube-manipulator. The kinematics problems, singularity, workspace, compliance characteristic of the manipulator are investigated in the paper. The analysis results show that the manipulators have the advantages of no singularities in the workspace, relatively more simple forward kinematics, and existence of a compliance center. The parallel cube-manipulator can be applied to the fields of micro-motion manipulators, remote center compliance (RCC) devices, assembly, and so on.
The imprinted H19 lncRNA antagonizes let-7 microRNAs.

Abundantly expressed in fetal tissues and adult muscle, the developmentally regulated H19 long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been implicated in human genetic disorders and cancer. However, how H19 acts to regulate gene function has remained enigmatic, despite the recent implication of its encoded miR-675 in limiting placental growth. We noted that vertebrate H19 harbors both canonical and noncanonical binding sites for the let-7 family of microRNAs, which plays important roles in development, cancer, and metabolism. Using H19 knockdown and overexpression, combined with in vivo crosslinking and genome-wide transcriptome analysis, we demonstrate that H19 modulates let-7 availability by acting as a molecular sponge. The physiological significance of this interaction is highlighted in cultures in which H19 depletion causes precocious muscle differentiation, a phenotype recapitulated by let-7 overexpression. Our results reveal an unexpected mode of action of H19 and identify this lncRNA as an important regulator of the major let-7 family of microRNAs.
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a special and easily misdiagnosed or missed diagnosed subtype of gastric cancer with poor prognosis but curative for patients of pN0/1: the experience of a single center.

To document the clinicopathological characteristics and analyze the possible reasons for misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS), using data from a single center.



We retrospectively analyzed 19 patients initially diagnosed as HAS and 7 patients initially diagnosed as common gastric cancer with high levels of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP). All had undergone surgical treatment, except 3 patients only had biopsies at our hospital. Immunohistochemistry for AFP and Hepatocyte antigen was performed. Final diagnosis for these 26 patients were made after HE and immunohistochemistry slides reviewed by 2 experienced pathologists. Prognostic factors were determined by univariate analysis.



Nineteen cases were confirmed to be HAS. A total of 4 out of 19 cases initially diagnosed as HAS and 4 out of 7 cases initially diagnosed as common gastric adenocarcinoma were misdiagnosed/missed diagnosed, thus, the misdiagnosis/missed diagnosis rate was 30.8% (8/26). The incidence of HAS among gastric cancer in our center was 0.19% (19/9915). Sixteen (84.2%) patients showed T stages greater than T2, 12 (70.6%) patients had positive lymph nodes in 17 available patients and 3 (15.8%) of the patients with tumors presented liver metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Histologically, cytoplasmic staining types included 10 cases of eosinophilic, 1 case of clear, 5 cases of clear mixed with eosinophilic and 3 cases of basophilic. Fourteen (73.7%) patients expressed AFP, whereas only 6 (31.6%) were hepatocyte-positive. Univariate analysis showed that N stage (HR 2.429, P=0.007) and tumor AFP expression (HR 0.428, P=0.036) were significantly associated with disease-free survival. The median overall survival time was 12.0 months, and the median disease-free survival time was 7.0 months. Four (80%) of 5 N0 patients and 2 (50%) of 4 N1 patients survived without progression, but no N2-3 patients survived.



HAS remains easily being misdiagnosed/missed diagnosed based on a pathological examination, probably because the condition is rare and has various cytoplasmic types. Although the survival rate for HAS is poor, a curative effect may be achieved for N0 or N1 cases.