nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavioral interventions and counseling to prevent child abuse and neglect: a systematic review to update the US Preventive services task force recommendation.

In 2004, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force determined that evidence was insufficient to recommend behavioral interventions and counseling to prevent child abuse and neglect.



To review new evidence on the effectiveness of behavioral interventions and counseling in health care settings for reducing child abuse and neglect and related health outcomes, as well as adverse effects of interventions.



MEDLINE and PsycINFO (January 2002 to June 2012), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (through the second quarter of 2012), Scopus, and reference lists.



English-language trials of the effectiveness of behavioral interventions and counseling and studies of any design about adverse effects.



Investigators extracted data about study populations, designs, and outcomes and rated study quality using established criteria.



Eleven fair-quality randomized trials of interventions and no studies of adverse effects met inclusion criteria. A trial of risk assessment and interventions for abuse and neglect in pediatric clinics for families with children aged 5 years or younger indicated reduced physical assault, Child Protective Services (CPS) reports, nonadherence to medical care, and immunization delay among screened children. Ten trials of early childhood home visitation reported reduced CPS reports, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and self-reports of abuse and improved adherence to immunizations and well-child care, although results were inconsistent.



Trials were limited by heterogeneity, low adherence, high loss to follow-up, and lack of standardized measures.



Risk assessment and behavioral interventions in pediatric clinics reduced abuse and neglect outcomes for young children. Early childhood home visitation also reduced abuse and neglect, but results were inconsistent. Additional research on interventions to prevent child abuse and neglect is needed.



Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
A survey of the East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. Genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 (Evippinae)

Three species of Xerolycosa: Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861), Xerolycosa miniata (C.L. Koch, 1834) and Xerolycosa mongolica (Schenkel, 1963), occurring in the Palaearctic Region are surveyed, illustrated and redescribed. Arctosa mongolica Schenkel, 1963 is removed from synonymy with Xerolycosa nemoralis and transferred to Xerolycosa, and the new combination Xerolycosa mongolica (Schenkel, 1963) comb. n. is established. One new synonymy, Xerolycosa undulata Chen, Song et Kim, 1998 syn.n. from Heilongjiang = Xerolycosa mongolica (Schenkel, 1963), is proposed. In addition, one more new combination is established, Trochosa pelengena (Roewer, 1960) comb. n., ex Xerolycosa.
Inactivation of antibiotic resistance genes in municipal wastewater by chlorination, ultraviolet, and ozonation disinfection.

This study investigated the inactivation of two antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)-sul1 and tetG, and the integrase gene of class 1 integrons-intI1 by chlorination, ultraviolet (UV), and ozonation disinfection. Inactivation of sul1, tetG, and intI1 underwent increased doses of three disinfectors, and chlorine disinfection achieved more inactivation of ARGs and intI1 genes (chlorine dose of 160 mg/L with contact time of 120 min for 2.98-3.24 log reductions of ARGs) than UV irradiation (UV dose of 12,477 mJ/cm(2) for 2.48-2.74 log reductions of ARGs) and ozonation disinfection (ozonation dose of 177.6 mg/L for 1.68-2.55 log reductions of ARGs). The 16S rDNA was more efficiently removed than ARGs by ozone disinfection. The relative abundance of selected genes (normalized to 16S rDNA) increased during ozonation and with low doses of UV and chlorine disinfection. Inactivation of sul1 and tetG showed strong positive correlations with the inactivation of intI1 genes (for sul1, R (2)  = 0.929 with p < 0.01; for tetG, R (2)  = 0.885 with p < 0.01). Compared to other technologies (ultraviolet disinfection, ozonation disinfection, Fenton oxidation, and coagulation), chlorination is an alternative method to remove ARGs from wastewater effluents. At a chlorine dose of 40 mg/L with 60 min contact time, the selected genes inactivation efficiency could reach 1.65-2.28 log, and the cost was estimated at 0.041 yuan/m(3).
Storm Pub-Sub: High Performance, Scalable Content Based Event Matching System Using Storm

Storm pub-sub is a novel high performance publish subscribe system designed to efficiently match events and the subscriptions with high throughput. Moving a content based pub-sub system first to a local cluster and then to a distributed cluster framework is for high performance and scalability. We depart from the use of broker overlays, where each server must support the whole range of operations of a pub-sub service, as well as overlay management and routing functionality. In this system different operations involved in pub-sub are separated to leverage their natural potential for parallelization using bolts. The storm pub-sub is compared with the traditional pub-sub system Siena, a broker based architecture. Through experimentation on local cluster as well as on distributed cluster we show that our approach of designing publish subscribe system on storm scales well for high volume of data. Storm pub-sub system approximately produces 2200 event/s on distributed cluster. In this paper we describe design and implementation of storm pub-sub and evaluate it in terms of scalability and throughput.
Transcript Imaging with cDNA-AFLP: A Step-by-Step Protocol

The method of cDNA-AFLP allows detection of differentially expressed transcripts using PCR. This report provides a detailed and updated protocol for the cDNA-AFLP procedure and an analysis of interactions between its various parameters. We studied the effects of PCR cycle number and template dilution level on the number of transcript derived fragments (TDFs). We also examined the use of magnetic beads to synthesise cDNA and the effect of MgCl2 concentration during amplification. Finally, we determined the detection level of the cDNA-AFLP method using TDFs of various sizes and composition. We could detect TDFs corresponding to a single copy per cell of a specific transcript in a cDNA-AFLP pattern, indicating high sensitivity of the method. Also, there was no correlation between concentration of detectable TDF and the fragment size, stressing the high stringency of the amplification reactions. Theoretical considerations and specific applications of the method are discussed.
Should CRISPR Scientists Play God ?

Will CRISPR usher in a new era of Promethean overreach? CRISPR makes gene editing widely available and cheap. Anti-play-god bioethicists fear that geneticists will play god and precipitate a backlash from nature that could be devastating. In contrast to the anti-play-god bioethicists, this article recommends that laboratory science invoke the Precautionary Principle: pause at the yellow caution light, but then with constant risk-assessment proceed ahead.
Hybrid Dimensionality Reduction Method Based on Support Vector Machine and Independent Component Analysis

This paper presents a new hybrid dimensionality reduction method to seek projection through optimization of both structural risk (supervised criterion) and data independence (unsupervised criterion). Classification accuracy is used as a metric to evaluate the performance of the method. By minimizing the structural risk, projection originated from the decision boundaries directly improves the classification performance from a supervised perspective. From an unsupervised perspective, projection can also be obtained based on maximum independence among features (or attributes) in data to indirectly achieve better classification accuracy over more intrinsic representation of the data. Orthogonality interrelates the two sets of projections such that minimum redundancy exists between the projections, leading to more effective dimensionality reduction. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid dimensionality reduction method that satisfies both criteria simultaneously provides higher classification performance, especially for noisy data sets, in relatively lower dimensional space than various existing methods.
Image and depth from a conventional camera with a coded aperture

A conventional camera captures blurred versions of scene information away from the plane of focus. Camera systems have been proposed that allow for recording all-focus images, or for extracting depth, but to record both simultaneously has required more extensive hardware and reduced spatial resolution. We propose a simple modification to a conventional camera that allows for the simultaneous recovery of both (a) high resolution image information and (b) depth information adequate for semi-automatic extraction of a layered depth representation of the image.
 Our modification is to insert a patterned occluder within the aperture of the camera lens, creating a coded aperture. We introduce a criterion for depth discriminability which we use to design the preferred aperture pattern. Using a statistical model of images, we can recover both depth information and an all-focus image from single photographs taken with the modified camera. A layered depth map is then extracted, requiring user-drawn strokes to clarify layer assignments in some cases. The resulting sharp image and layered depth map can be combined for various photographic applications, including automatic scene segmentation, post-exposure refocusing, or re-rendering of the scene from an alternate viewpoint.
A prognosis case study for electrolytic capacitor degradation in DC-DC converters

This paper proposes a model based approach for prognosis of DC-DC power converters. We briefly review the prognosis process, and present an overview of different approaches that have been developed. We study the effects of capacitor degradation on DC-DC converter performance by developing a combination of a thermal model for ripple current effects and a physics of failure model of the thermal effects on capacitor degradation. The derived degradation model of the capacitor is reintroduced into the DC-DC converter model to study changes in the system performance using Monte Carlo methods. The simulation results observed under different conditions and experimental setups for model verification are discussed. The paper concludes with comments and future work to be done.
Learning Knowledge-guided Pose Grammar Machine for 3D Human Pose Estimation

In this paper, we propose a knowledge-guided pose grammar network to tackle the problem of 3D human pose estimation. Our model directly takes 2D poses as inputs and learns the generalized 2D-3D mapping function, which renders high applicability. The proposed network consists of a base network which efficiently captures pose-aligned features and a hierarchy of Bidirectional RNNs on top of it to explicitly incorporate a set of knowledge (e.g., kinematics, symmetry, coordination) and thus enforce high-level constraints over human poses. In learning, we develop a pose-guided sample simulator to augment training samples in virtual camera views, which further improves the generalization ability of our model. We validate our method on public 3D human pose benchmarks and propose a new evaluation protocol working on cross-view setting to verify the generalization ability of different methods. We empirically observe that most state-ofthe-arts face difficulty under such setting while our method obtains superior performance.
SemEval-2010 Task 8: Multi-Way Classification of Semantic Relations between Pairs of Nominals

2. Relations 4. Dataset and Evaluation Cause-Effect Smoking causes cancer. Instrument-Agency The murderer used an axe. Product-Producer Bees make honey. Content-Container The cat is in the hat. Entity-Origin Vinegar is made from wine. Entity-Destination The car arrived at the station. Component-Whole The laptop has a fast processor. Collection There are ten cows in the herd. Communication-Topic You interrupted a lecture on maths.  Each example consists of two (base) NPs marked with tags <e1> and <e2>:
Counterfactual Fairness in Text Classification through Robustness

In this paper, we study counterfactual fairness in text classification, which asks the question: How would the prediction change if the sensitive attribute referenced in the example were different? Toxicity classifiers demonstrate a counterfactual fairness issue by predicting that “Some people are gay” is toxic while “Some people are straight” is nontoxic. We offer a metric, counterfactual token fairness (CTF), for measuring this particular form of fairness in text classifiers, and describe its relationship with group fairness. Further, we offer three approaches, blindness, counterfactual augmentation, and counterfactual logit pairing (CLP), for optimizing counterfactual token fairness during training, bridging the robustness and fairness literature. Empirically, we find that blindness and CLP address counterfactual token fairness. The methods do not harm classifier performance, and have varying tradeoffs with group fairness. These approaches, both for measurement and optimization, provide a new path forward for addressing fairness concerns in text classification.
RecipeScape: Mining and Analyzing Diverse Processes in Cooking Recipes

In culture analytics, it is important to ask fundamental questions that address salient characteristics of collective human behavior. This paper explores how analyzing cooking recipes in aggregate and at scale identifies these characteristics in the cooking culture, and answer fundamental questions like 'what makes a chocolate chip cookie a chocolate chip cookie?'. Aspiring cooks, professional chefs and cooking hobbyists share their recipes online resulting in thousands of different procedural instructions towards a shared goal. However, existing approaches focus merely on analysis at the ingredient level, for example, extracting ingredient information from individual recipes. We introduce RecipeScape, a prototype interface which supports visually querying, browsing and comparing cooking recipes at scale. We also present the underlying computational pipeline of RecipeScape that scrapes recipes online, extracts their ingredient and instruction information, constructs a graphical representation, and computes similarity between pairs of recipes.
Estimating Accuracy from Unlabeled Data

ADJ: Adjectives that occur with the NP CMC: Orthographic features of the NP CPL: Phrases that occur with the NP VERB: Verbs that appear with the NP Task: Predict whether a noun phrase (NP) belongs to a category (e.g. “city”) Category # Examples animal 20,733 beverage 18,932 bird 19,263 bodypart 21,840 city 21,778 disease 21,827 drug 20,452 fish 19,162 food 19,566 fruit 18,911 muscle 21,606 person 21,700 protein 21,811 river 21,723 vegetable 18,826
Detecting and avoiding likely false-positive findings - a practical guide.

Recently there has been a growing concern that many published research findings do not hold up in attempts to replicate them. We argue that this problem may originate from a culture of 'you can publish if you found a significant effect'. This culture creates a systematic bias against the null hypothesis which renders meta-analyses questionable and may even lead to a situation where hypotheses become difficult to falsify. In order to pinpoint the sources of error and possible solutions, we review current scientific practices with regard to their effect on the probability of drawing a false-positive conclusion. We explain why the proportion of published false-positive findings is expected to increase with (i) decreasing sample size, (ii) increasing pursuit of novelty, (iii) various forms of multiple testing and researcher flexibility, and (iv) incorrect P-values, especially due to unaccounted pseudoreplication, i.e. the non-independence of data points (clustered data). We provide examples showing how statistical pitfalls and psychological traps lead to conclusions that are biased and unreliable, and we show how these mistakes can be avoided. Ultimately, we hope to contribute to a culture of 'you can publish if your study is rigorous'. To this end, we highlight promising strategies towards making science more objective. Specifically, we enthusiastically encourage scientists to preregister their studies (including a priori hypotheses and complete analysis plans), to blind observers to treatment groups during data collection and analysis, and unconditionally to report all results. Also, we advocate reallocating some efforts away from seeking novelty and discovery and towards replicating important research findings of one's own and of others for the benefit of the scientific community as a whole. We believe these efforts will be aided by a shift in evaluation criteria away from the current system which values metrics of 'impact' almost exclusively and towards a system which explicitly values indices of scientific rigour.
Event-related synchronization (ERS): an electrophysiological correlate of cortical areas at rest.

Oscillations in the alpha and beta bands can display either an event-related blocking response or an event-related amplitude enhancement. The former is named event-related desynchronization (ERD) and the latter event-related synchronization (ERS). Examples of ERS are localized alpha enhancements in the awake state as well as sigma spindles in sleep and alpha or beta bursts in the comatose state. It was found that alpha band activity can be enhanced over the visual region during a motor task, or during a visual task over the sensorimotor region. This means ERD and ERS can be observed at nearly the same time; both form a spatiotemporal pattern, in which the localization of ERD characterizes cortical areas involved in task-relevant processing, and ERS marks cortical areas at rest or in an idling state.
Improving 3 D perception for Object Detection , Classification and Localization using Fused Multi-modal Sensors

Object perception in 3-D is a highly challenging problem in computer vision. The major concern in these tasks involves object occlusion, different object poses, appearance and limited perception of the environment by individual sensors in terms of range measurements. In this particular project, our goal is improving 3D perception of the environment by using fusion from lidars and cameras with focus to autonomous driving. The main reason for using lidars and cameras are to combine the complementary information from each of the modalities for efficient feature set extraction that leads to improved perception.
Quasi-Quartic Trigonometric Bézier Curves and Surfaces with Shape Parameters

In this paper a new kind of quasi-quartic trigonometric polynomial base functions with two shape parameters λ and μ over the space Ω = span {1, sin t, cos t, sin2t, cos2t, sin3t, cos3t} is presented and the corresponding quasi-quartic trigonometric Bézier curves and surfaces are defined by the introduced base functions. Each curve segment is generated by five consecutive control points. The shape of the curve can be adjusted by altering the values of shape parameters while the control polygon is kept unchanged. These curves inherit most properties of the usual quartic Bézier curves in the polynomial space and they can be used as an efficient new model for geometric design in the fields of CAGD.
Integrating Acoustic Echo Cancellation with Adaptive Beamforming Microphone Arrays

An overview is given on the fundamental problems when combining acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) with adaptive beamforming microphone array (ABMA) in fullduplex communications. For reasons of computational complexity and functionality, a compromise is necessary between one echo canceller per microphone signal and a single echo canceller for the beamforming output. Here, the decomposition of the adaptive beamforming into a time-invariant beam-steering and a time-variant voting is proposed. Some synergies arising from the combination of ABMA and AEC are highlighted.
Three Senses of "Argument"

In AI approaches to argumentation, different senses of argument are often conflated. We propose a three-level distinction between arguments, cases, and debates. This allows for modularising issues within levels and identifying systematic relations between levels. Arguments, comprised of rules, facts, and a claim, are the basic units; they instantiate argument schemes; they have no sub-arguments. Cases are sets of arguments supporting a claim. Debates are a set of arguments in an attack relation; they include cases for and against a particular claim. Critical questions, which depend on the argument schemes, are used to determine the attack relation between arguments. In a debate, rankings on arguments or argument relations are given as components based on features of argument schemes. Our analysis clarifies the role and contribution of distinct approaches in the construction of rational debate. It identifies the source of properties used for evaluating the status of arguments in Argumentation Frameworks.
PHARMACISTS' UNDERSTANDING AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHARMACEUTICAL CARE IN SAUDI ARABIA

The questionnaire was designed to determine both institutional (hospitals and healthcare centers) and community pharmacists' understanding, attitudes and barriers that limit provision of pharmaceutical care.  Five hundred fifty institutional pharmacists and 250 community pharmacists were included in the survey. Data were collected via face-to-face encounter using piloted questionnaire.  The total response numbered 375, which constitute a 71.6% response rate from community pharmacists and 35.6% from institutional pharmacists. More than 70% of the pharmacists surveyed had also favorable understanding of pharmaceutical care. The respondents showed positive attitudes towards pharmaceutical care. Approximately more than 89% of respondents felt the future of pharmacy would depend on the provision of professional services other than dispensing. The main barriers perceived by the pharmacist were lack of adequate training in pharmaceutical care practice, lack of work place for counseling, lack of staff, insufficient time, lack of patient demand, lack of therapeutic knowledge, lack of support from owners. There were significant differences in responses to a number of issues recognized by male and females, age, years in practice and work setting. אא אא אאאאאא אאאאאאאא K  א 550   אא 250 אאא  אאאא K א 375  800  א אא 71.6 F٪ 179   250  E  {  35.6 F٪ 196  550 E אא 70 ٪  אאא אאא 89 ٪  אא אאא K  אאא אא W  אאאא { אאאאא {  אאאאא { א {  אאא {  א K אאאאאאאאא K  אאאאאאא  א K א אאאאא אאאאאאאאא  K 