nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Open-Ended Video Games: A Model for Developing Learning for the Interactive Age

With Grand Theft Education: Literacy in the Age of Video Games gracing the cover of Harper’s September 2006 magazine, video games and education, once the quirky interest of a few rogue educational technologists and literacy scholars, reached broader public awareness. The idea of combining video games and education is not new; twenty years ago, Ronald Reagan praised video games for their potential to train “a new generation of warriors.” Meanwhile, Surgeon General C. Everett Koop declared video games among the top health risks facing Americans.1 Video games, like any emerging medium, are disruptive, challenging existing social practices, while capturing our dreams and triggering our fears. Today’s gaming technologies, which allow for unprecedented player exploration and expression, suggest new models of what educational gaming can be.2 As educational games leave the realm of abstraction and become a reality, the field needs to move beyond rhetoric and toward grounded examples not just of good educational games, but effective game-based learning environments that leverage the critical aspects of the medium as they apply to the needs of a twenty-first-century educational system. We need rigorous research into what players do with games (particularly those that don’t claim explicit status as educational), and a better understanding of the thinking that is involved in playing them.3 We need precise language for what we mean by “video games,” and better understandings of how specific design features and patterns operate,4 and compelling evidence of game-based learning environments. In short, the study of games and learning is ready to come of age. Researchers have convinced the academy that games are worthy of study, and that games hold potential for learning. The task now is to provide effective models of how they operate.5 This chapter offers a theoretical model for video game-based learning environments as designed experiences. To be more specific, it suggests that we can take one particular type of video game—open-ended simulation, or “sandbox” games—and use its capacity to recruit diverse interests, creative problem solving, and productive acts (e.g., creating artwork, game
An 80-mVpp Linear-Input Range, 1.6- $\text{G}\Omega $ Input Impedance, Low-Power Chopper Amplifier for Closed-Loop Neural Recording That Is Tolerant to 650-mVpp Common-Mode Interference

Closed-loop neuromodulation is essential for the advance of neuroscience and for administering therapy in patients suffering from drug-resistant neurological conditions. Neural stimulation generates large differential and common-mode (CM) artifacts at the recording sites, which easily saturate traditional recording front ends. This paper presents a neural recording chopper amplifier capable of handling in-band 80-mV<sub>pp</sub> differential artifacts and 650-mV<sub>pp</sub> CM artifacts while preserving the accompanying small neural signals. New techniques have been proposed that introduce immunity to CM interference, increase the input impedance of the chopper amplifier to 1.6 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{G}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and increase the maximum realizable resistance of duty-cycled resistors (DCR) to 90 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{G}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. These techniques enable our recording front-end to achieve a dynamic range of 74 dB (200 Hz–5 kHz) and 81 dB (1–200 Hz). Implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process, the prototype occupies an area of 0.069 mm<sup>2</sup>/channel, and consumes 2.8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1.2-V supply. The input-referred noise is 5.3 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{V}_{\mathrm {\mathbf {rms}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (200 Hz–5 kHz) and 1.8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{V}_{\mathrm {\mathbf {rms}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (1–200Hz). The total harmonic distortion for a 40-mV<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm {\mathbf {p}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> input at 1 kHz is −76 dB. This work improves the input impedance by 5.3<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> for chopped front-ends, linear-input range by 2<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, maximum resistance of DCR by 32<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and tolerance to CM interferers by 6.5<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while maintaining comparable power and noise performance.
Tunneling nanotube (TNT)-like structures facilitate a constitutive, actomyosin-dependent exchange of endocytic organelles between normal rat kidney cells.

Tunneling nanotube (TNT)-like structures are intercellular membranous bridges that mediate the transfer of various cellular components including endocytic organelles. To gain further insight into the magnitude and mechanism of organelle transfer, we performed quantitative studies on the exchange of fluorescently labeled endocytic structures between normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. This revealed a linear increase in both the number of cells receiving organelles and the amount of transferred organelles per cell over time. The intercellular transfer of organelles was unidirectional, independent of extracellular diffusion, and sensitive to shearing force. In addition, during a block of endocytosis, a significant amount of transfer sustained. Fluorescence microscopy revealed TNT-like bridges between NRK cells containing F-actin but no microtubules. Depolymerization of F-actin led to the disappearance of TNT and a strong inhibition of organelle exchange. Partial ATP depletion did not affect the number of TNT but strongly reduced organelle transfer. Interestingly, the myosin II specific inhibitor S-(-)-blebbistatin strongly induced both organelle transfer and the number of TNT, while the general myosin inhibitor 2,3-butanedione monoxime induced the number of TNT but significantly inhibited transfer. Taken together, our data indicate a frequent and continuous exchange of endocytic organelles between cells via TNT by an actomyosin-dependent mechanism.
Neurophysiological classification of ulnar entrapment across the elbow

Ulnar nerve entrapment across the elbow (UAE), a common entrapment, requires neurophysiological evaluation for a diagnosis, but a standardized neurophysiological classification is not available. The aim of our study was to evaluate the validity of a neurophysiological classification of UAE, developed by us. To this end, we examined whether sensorimotor deficits, as observed by the physician and as referred by the patients, increased with the neurophysiological severity according to the classification. We performed a multiperspective assessment of 63 consecutive arms from 52 patients with a clinical diagnosis of UAE. Neurophysiological, clinical and patient-oriented validated measurements were used. The neurophysiological classification is based on the presence or absence of evoked responses and on the normality or abnormality of conduction findings. A strict relationship was observed between the degree of neurophysiological severity and the clinical findings (sensorimotor deficits). Moreover, a significant positive correlation between hand functional deficit and neurophysiological classification was observed. Conversely, a clear correlation between neurophysiological pattern and symptoms was not found. The neurophysiological classification is easy to use and reliable, but further multicentric studies should be performed.
Visual Turing test for computer vision systems.

Today, computer vision systems are tested by their accuracy in detecting and localizing instances of objects. As an alternative, and motivated by the ability of humans to provide far richer descriptions and even tell a story about an image, we construct a "visual Turing test": an operator-assisted device that produces a stochastic sequence of binary questions from a given test image. The query engine proposes a question; the operator either provides the correct answer or rejects the question as ambiguous; the engine proposes the next question ("just-in-time truthing"). The test is then administered to the computer-vision system, one question at a time. After the system's answer is recorded, the system is provided the correct answer and the next question. Parsing is trivial and deterministic; the system being tested requires no natural language processing. The query engine employs statistical constraints, learned from a training set, to produce questions with essentially unpredictable answers-the answer to a question, given the history of questions and their correct answers, is nearly equally likely to be positive or negative. In this sense, the test is only about vision. The system is designed to produce streams of questions that follow natural story lines, from the instantiation of a unique object, through an exploration of its properties, and on to its relationships with other uniquely instantiated objects.
Snack and Relax®: A Strategy to Address Nurses' Professional Quality of Life.

Snack and Relax® (S&R), a program providing healthy snacks and holistic relaxation modalities to hospital employees, was evaluated for immediate impact. A cross-sectional survey was then conducted to assess the professional quality of life (ProQOL) in registered nurses (RNs); compare S&R participants/nonparticipants on compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout, and secondary traumatic stress (STS); and identify situations in which RNs experienced compassion fatigue or burnout and the strategies used to address these situations.



Pre- and post vital signs and self-reported stress were obtained from S&R attendees (N = 210). RNs completed the ProQOL Scale measuring CS, burnout, and STS (N = 158).



Significant decreases in self-reported stress, respirations, and heart rate were found immediately after S&R. Low CS was noted in 28.5% of participants, 25.3% had high burnout, and 23.4% had high STS. S&R participants and nonparticipants did not differ on any of the ProQOL scales. Situations in which participants experienced compassion fatigue/burnout were categorized as patient-related, work-related, and personal/family-related. Strategies to address these situations were holistic and stress reducing.



Providing holistic interventions such as S&R for nurses in the workplace may alleviate immediate feelings of stress and provide a moment of relaxation in the workday.
Recurrence After Marginal Excision for Atypical Lipomatous Tumors Versus Lipomas of the Extremities.

This study reviewed the medical records of 90 patients with lipomas (47 patients) and atypical lipomatous tumors (ALT)/well-differentiated liposarcomas (WDL) (43 patients) of the extremities treated from 2006 to 2012. All patients had preoperative biopsy and postoperative histologic analysis of the tumors; surgical margins were marginal in all cases. Histologic sections of the tissue blocks from the excised specimens were re-reviewed for all patients; a consensus with postoperative histologic analysis was confirmed. Molecular chromosome analysis was performed on fluorescence in situ hybridization in tissue sections from the tissue blocks in all cases for the purpose of this study; a ratio greater than 2 was considered to represent murine double-minute 2 (MDM2) amplification consistent with a diagnosis of ALT/WDL. Mean follow-up was 52 months (range, 14-96 months). Local recurrence and metastasis rates and the relationship of patient age and sex with tumor size and location were evaluated. None of the patients with lipomas experienced local recurrence compared with 6 patients (13.9%) with ALT/WDL who experienced local recurrence within a mean of 48 months (range, 33-96 months); this difference was statistically significant. None of the patients in either group experienced metastasis prior to the study period. Local recurrence did not correlate statistically with patient age or sex, or with tumor size or location.
3D Object Structure Recovery via Semi-supervised Learning on Videos

This paper addresses the problem of joint 3D object structure and camera pose estimation from a single RGB image. Existing approaches typically rely on both images with 2D keypoint annotations and 3D synthetic data to learn a deep network model due to difficulty in obtaining 3D annotations. However, the domain gap between the synthetic and image data usually leads to a 3D object interpretation model sensitive to the viewing angle, occlusion and background clutter in real images. In this work, we propose a semi-supervised learning strategy to build a robust 3D object interpreter, which exploits rich object videos for better generalization under large pose variations and noisy 2D keypoint estimation. The core design of our learning algorithm is a new loss function that enforces the temporal consistency constraint in the 3D predictions on videos. The experiment evaluation on the IKEA, PASCAL3D+ and our object video dataset shows that our approach achieves the state-of-the-art performance in structure and pose estimation.
The development of a survey to examine knowledge about and attitudes toward concussion in high-school students.

The development of a new measure of concussion knowledge and attitudes that is more comprehensive and psychometrically sound than previous measures is described. A group of high-school students (N = 529) completed the measure. The measure demonstrated fair to satisfactory test-retest reliability (knowledge items, r = .67; attitude items, r = .79). Exploratory factor analysis of the attitude items revealed a four-factor solution (eigenvalues ranged from 1.07-3.35) that displayed adequate internal consistency (Cohen's alpha range = .59-.72). Cluster analysis of the knowledge items resulted in a three-cluster solution distributed according to their level of difficulty. The potential uses for the measure are described.
An Investigation of the Role of Dependency in Predicting continuance Intention to Use Ubiquitous Media Systems: Combining a Media system Perspective with Expectation-confirmation Theories

The mobile telecommunications landscape has evolved into a highly competitive and complex ecosystem composed of network operators, mobile device manufacturers as well as software, content and service providers. This major shift has strongly impacted the fundamental nature of mobile devices which have now become complex multi-purpose, multi-context ubiquitous media systems. Such change has engendered an urgent need to revisit our understanding of mobile device usage through the lens of theories that encompass the multifaceted nature of ubiquitous systems. Relying on a media perspective, the paper investigates the role of individual media dependency in predicting continuance intention to use ubiquitous media systems. Data collected from 150 smartphone users were used to test the developed conceptual model. The results confirmed the overall effect of ubiquitous media systems dependency on individuals’ reasoned continuance usage decision. The findings suggest that the level of dependency towards a ubiquitous media system inflates the perceived positive attributes about the system: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, as well as the cognitive appraisal about the discrepancies between initial expectations and post-use performance. Theoretical and practical implications developed from these findings are then discussed.
Smoothing Noisy Data with Spline Functions Estimating the Correct Degree of Smoothing by the Method of Generalized Cross-Validation *

Smoothing splines are well known to provide nice curves which smooth discrete, noisy data. We obtain a practical, effective method for estimating the optimum amount of smoothing from the data. Derivatives can be estimated from the data by differentiating the resulting (nearly) optimally smoothed spline. We consider the model yi=g(ti)+e~, i= 1, 2 . . . . . n, tie[0 , 1], where geW2 ~'~) =  f(mi~ abs. cont., f(m~ ~2 [0, 1 ] }, and the {el} are random errors with E e i=0, E eie~=a z 6~j. The error variance a 2 may be unknown. As an estimate ofg we take the solution g,, a to the problem: Find f ~ W2 ("~ to minimize 1 1_ ~ (f(t j) y~)2 + 2 S (f(")(u)) 2 du. The function g,, a is a smoothing polynomial n j = l 0 spline of degree 2m-1 . The,parameter 2 controls the tradeoff between the 1 "roughness" of the solution, as measured by S [f(m)(u)]2 du, and the infidelity to 0
What design science is not

(2008) 17, 441–443. doi:10.1057/ejis.2008.45 Your new issue of EJIS opens with two opinion articles, each of which is a response to one of our previous opinion articles. First, I have invited Ray Paul to reply to the opinion article in the last number written by Bob Galliers. Second, we have a deeply analytical article written by Steven Alter in response to Ray Paul’s 2007 editorial ‘Challenges to information systems: time to change’. This issue is our only special issue for 2008, and is dedicated to Design Science Research. Most of the articles came to us from among the best papers presented at the 2008 DESRIST conference (Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology). The special issue is introduced by Robert Winter in his article ‘Design Science Research in Europe’. As this introduction explains, the community within information systems with an interest in design science research is engaged in a discourse of discovery. However, it cannot be said that there is yet broad agreement on terminology, methodology, evaluation criteria, etc. This discovery arena encompasses terms like design science, design research, science of design and design theory. Because there is some disagreement over what these terms mean, the conference (and as a consequence the special issue) adopted the term ‘Design Science Research’ as a broad term meant to encompass the various meanings of all of the others. (For the purposes at hand, I will use the term design science as shorthand for design science research.) This fundamental discourse is reminiscent of the long-running search for the meaning of the term ‘theory’. When it became clear that there would never be complete agreement among management scholars on exactly what sorts of things constitute theory, Robert Sutton and Barry Shaw suggested that since agreement seemed impossible on ‘what theory is’, the best that could be done would be to seek agreement on ‘what theory is not’ (Sutton & Staw, 1995). Perhaps those interested in design science should seek a similar model and agree on ‘what design science is not’.
Denoising of phonocardiogram signals using variational mode decomposition

Recent advances in signal processing and the revolution by the mobile technologies have spurred several innovations in all the areas and albeit more so in home based tele-medicine. We used variational mode decomposition (VMD) based denoising on large-scale phonocardiogram (PCG) data sets and achieved better accuracy. We have also implemented a reliable, external hardware and mobile based phonocardiography system that uses VMD signal processing technique to denoise the PCG signal that visually displays the waveform and inform the end-user and send the data to cloud based analytics system.
Design of intelligent and robotic library system

In the project we will demonstrate a design of intelligent robotic library system. In this system for intelligent operation is done by the programming in visual basics(VB) and Microsoft access is used for database, like to know information about user and books of library. In this system robotic arm is used for pick up and place the book with the help of sensors like barcode reader and IR sensor, RFID tag on book and RFID transmitter on ARM, motors for arm mobile base. However, for sending commands and data through GUI to the arduino controller of arm, processing software is used. For issuing and returning book another GUI is provided which we can use to check availability of books. After checking the book availability that book number is sent through zigbee or any wireless media from computer in library and received at robotic arm side. Every shelf and every book is having identification by using RFID tag and barcode. Once the book is passed through reader, the controller checks the received number from zigbee with number scanned by barcode reader. If both the numbers are matched then robotic arm will pick the book. If that book is not available then a notification is given to librarian system. After receiving that book it will place to library table.
The OAD Survey-Taxonomy of General Traits 1

The OAD Survey (Organization Analysis and Design) is an adjective-based organization diagnostic, selection, and development instrument comprising two matched questionnaires. Each questionnaire contains 110 identical adjectives. For the first set of 110 adjectives, respondents are asked to check those words which best describe themselves. For the second set of 110 items, respondents are asked to check those words that describe how they must behave in their current (or previous) job.
SMAS Debulking for Management of the Thick-Skinned Nose.

One of the greatest challenges in cosmetic rhinoplasty is the overly thick nasal skin envelope. In addition to exacerbating unwanted nasal width, thick nasal skin is a major impediment to aesthetic refinement of the nose. Owing to its bulk, noncompliance, and tendency to scar, overly thick skin frequently obscures topographic definition of the nasal framework, thereby limiting or negating cosmetic improvements. Masking of the skeletal contour is usually most evident following aggressive reduction rhinoplasty where overly thick and noncompliant nasal skin fails to shrink and conform to the smaller skeletal framework. The result is excessive subcutaneous dead space leading to further fibrotic thickening of the already bulky nasal covering. Despite the decrease in nasal size, the resulting nasal contour is typically amorphous, ill-defined and devoid of beauty and elegance. To optimize cosmetic results in thick-skinned noses, contour enhancement is best achieved by elongating and projecting the skeletal framework whenever possible . Skeletal augmentation not only reduces dead space to minimize fibrotic thickening, it also stretches and thins the outer soft-tissue covering for improved surface definition. However, in noses in which the nasal framework is already too large, skeletal augmentation is not a viable option, and the overly thick skin envelope must be surgically thinned to achieve better skin contractility and improved cosmetic outcomes. Histologic examination of overly thick nasal tip skin reveals comparatively little dermal thickening or increased adipose content but ratherasubstantial increaseinthicknessofthesubcutaneousfibromuscular  Dubbed the “nasal SMAS” layer,2 the fibromuscular tissue layer lies just beneath the subdermal fat and may account for an additional 2 to 3 mm of skin flap thickness. Owing to a discrete dissection plane separating the nasal SMAS layer from the overlying subdermal fat, surgical excision of the hypertrophic nasal SMAS layer can be performed safely in healthy candidates using the external rhinoplasty approach.3 However,theoverlyingsubdermalplexus(containedwithin the subdermal fat) must be carefully protected.3-5 Similarly, inadvertent disruption of the paired lateral nasal arteries—major feeding vessels to the subdermal plexus—must also be avoided, and special care should be exercised when working near the alar crease.3-5 SMAS debulking is also contraindicated in skin less than 3-mm thick because overly aggressive surgical debulking may lead to unsightly prominence of the skeletal topography. However, in the appropriate patient, SMAS debulking can reduce skin envelope thickness by as much as 3.0 mm, with greater reductions common in revision rhinoplasty cases when vascularity