nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary phenolics: chemistry, bioavailability and effects on health.

There is much epidemiological evidence that diets rich in fruit and vegetables can reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and stroke. These protective effects are attributed, in part, to phenolic secondary metabolites. This review summarizes the chemistry, biosynthesis and occurrence of the compounds involved, namely the C6-C3-C6 flavonoids-anthocyanins, dihydrochalcones, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols and isoflavones. It also includes tannins, phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamates and stilbenes and the transformation of plant phenols associated with food processing (for example, production of black tea, roasted coffee and matured wines), these latter often being the major dietary sources. Events that occur following ingestion are discussed, in particular, the deglycosylation, glucuronidation, sulfation and methylation steps that occur at various points during passage through the wall of the small intestine into the circulatory system and subsequent transport to the liver in the portal vein.We also summarise the fate of compounds that are not absorbed in the small intestine, but which pass into the large intestine where they are degraded by the colonic microflora to phenolic acids, which can be absorbed into the circulatory system and subjected to phase II metabolism prior to excretion. Initially, the protective effect of dietary phenolics was thought to be due to their antioxidant properties which resulted in a lowering of the levels of free radicals within the body.However, there is now emerging evidence that themetabolites of dietary phenolics,which appear in the circulatory systemin nmol/L to low mmol/L concentrations, exertmodulatory effects in cells through selective actions on different components of the intracellular signalling cascades vital for cellular functions such as growth, proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, the intracellular concentrations required to affect cell signalling pathways are considerably lower than those required to impact on antioxidant capacity. The mechanisms underlying these processes are discussed.
Requirements Engineering Fundamentals - A Study Guide for the Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering Exam: Foundation Level - IREB compliant

What do you do to start reading requirements engineering fundamentals a study guide for the certified professional for requirements engineering exam foundation level ireb compliant rocky nook computing? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this requirements engineering fundamentals a study guide for the certified professional for requirements engineering exam foundation level ireb compliant rocky nook computing.
Neurobiology of muscle fatigue.

Muscle fatigue encompasses a class of acute effects that impair motor performance. The mechanisms that can produce fatigue involve all elements of the motor system, from a failure of the formulation of the descending drive provided by suprasegmental centers to a reduction in the activity of the contractile proteins. We propose four themes that provide a basis for the systematic evaluation of the neural and neuromuscular fatigue mechanisms: 1) task dependency to identify the conditions that activate the various mechanisms; 2) force-fatigability relationship to explore the interaction between the mechanisms that results in a hyperbolic relationship between force and endurance time; 3) muscle wisdom to examine the association among a concurrent decline in force, relaxation rate, and motor neuron discharge that results in an optimization of force; and 4) sense of effort to determine the role of effort in the impairment of performance. On the basis of this perspective with an emphasis on neural mechanisms, we suggest a number of experiments to advance our understanding of the neurobiology of muscle fatigue.
Virtualized and flexible ECC for main memory

We present a general scheme for virtualizing main memory error-correction mechanisms, which map redundant information needed to correct errors into the memory namespace itself. We rely on this basic idea, which increases flexibility to increase error protection capabilities, improve power efficiency, and reduce system cost; with only small performance overheads. We augment the virtual memory system architecture to detach the physical mapping of data from the physical mapping of its associated ECC information. We then use this mechanism to develop two-tiered error protection techniques that separate the process of detecting errors from the rare need to also correct errors, and thus save energy. We describe how to provide strong chipkill and double-chip kill protection using existing DRAM and packaging technology. We show how to maintain access granularity and redundancy overheads, even when using ×8 DRAM chips. We also evaluate error correction for systems that do not use ECC DIMMs. Overall, analysis of demanding SPEC CPU 2006 and PARSEC benchmarks indicates that performance overhead is only 1% with ECC DIMMs and less than 10% using standard Non-ECC DIMM configurations, that DRAM power savings can be as high as 27%, and that the system energy-delay product is improved by 12% on average.
Feature Extraction for Skin Cancer Lesion Detection

--The use of image processing for the diagnostic purpose is non-invasive technique. Automatic image analysis method is the heart of image processing. In medical field it can be used to provide the quantitative information about lesion. It is nothing but the early warning tool to avoid the future problems during the treatment. Early stage detection of lesion is necessary and basic step. This needs to be achieved without performing any penetration in the body as a form of injection. The simple way is to investigate the digital images of skin lesions. Feature extraction is the important tool which can be used to analyze and explore the image properly. First different images have been segmented and features are extracted from these images. The proposed system includes the simplest method of segmentation. It does not involve user interaction as well as there is no need to change any parameter for different skin lesions. Keywords----Segmentation, Supervised, Unsupervised, Melanoma, Features, Image Processing, Dermatoscopy.
Machine Learning Approaches in Cardiovascular Imaging.

Cardiovascular imaging technologies continue to increase in their capacity to capture and store large quantities of data. Modern computational methods, developed in the field of machine learning, offer new approaches to leveraging the growing volume of imaging data available for analyses. Machine learning methods can now address data-related problems ranging from simple analytic queries of existing measurement data to the more complex challenges involved in analyzing raw images. To date, machine learning has been used in 2 broad and highly interconnected areas: automation of tasks that might otherwise be performed by a human and generation of clinically important new knowledge. Most cardiovascular imaging studies have focused on task-oriented problems, but more studies involving algorithms aimed at generating new clinical insights are emerging. Continued expansion in the size and dimensionality of cardiovascular imaging databases is driving strong interest in applying powerful deep learning methods, in particular, to analyze these data. Overall, the most effective approaches will require an investment in the resources needed to appropriately prepare such large data sets for analyses. Notwithstanding current technical and logistical challenges, machine learning and especially deep learning methods have much to offer and will substantially impact the future practice and science of cardiovascular imaging.
177Lu-PSMA Radioligand Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

177Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT) using inhibitors of PSMA is a novel therapeutic option in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The current literature suggests that this therapy is well tolerated and effective. On the basis of clinical need and current evidence, the therapy is being implemented in a growing number of centers worldwide. Here, we review important aspects of 177Lu-PSMA RLT, including patient stratification, the therapy protocol, concomitant medication, and follow-up, to inform medical staff involved in the RLT and care of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
The social psychology of stigma.

This chapter addresses the psychological effects of social stigma. Stigma directly affects the stigmatized via mechanisms of discrimination, expectancy confirmation, and automatic stereotype activation, and indirectly via threats to personal and social identity. We review and organize recent theory and empirical research within an identity threat model of stigma. This model posits that situational cues, collective representations of one's stigma status, and personal beliefs and motives shape appraisals of the significance of stigma-relevant situations for well-being. Identity threat results when stigma-relevant stressors are appraised as potentially harmful to one's social identity and as exceeding one's coping resources. Identity threat creates involuntary stress responses and motivates attempts at threat reduction through coping strategies. Stress responses and coping efforts affect important outcomes such as self-esteem, academic achievement, and health. Identity threat perspectives help to explain the tremendous variability across people, groups, and situations in responses to stigma.
Autofocusing and Astigmatism Correction in the Scanning Electron Microscope

This work investigates both the theoretical and practical aspects of autofocusing and astigmatism correction in the scanning electron microscope. A general framework is used to divide the problem into four primary areas of concern: noise reduction, regions of interest, sharpness measures, and maximum sharpness search algorithms. Each of these areas is investigated in detail and several novel concepts are introduced including: the use of reduced domain median filters to mitigate limited bandwidth distortion, a method for confining the region of interest to specimen features, more sophisticated maximum sharpness search algorithms such as the variable stepsize search and the Fibonacci search, and interpolation based on a model of variance as a function of defocus. A development testbed was established which allowed for rapid prototyping in MATLAB, implementation in Visual C++, and then final packaging as an ActiveX control. The theoretical work was implemented in a modular component (called SEMimage) for use with the Leo 440 SEM located in the Scientific Imaging Group at the Cambridge University Engineering Department. The framework was used to develop algorithms for full autofocusing, fine autofocusing, real-time autofocusing, and astigmatism correction. Real-time autofocusing enables the software to automatically determine when an image has become defocused and to then take appropriate action to move the image back into focus. Real-time beam alignment and signal to noise calculation were also implemented. SEMimage was tested on the instrument and provided an effective means for automated focusing and astigmatism correction. The fine autofocusing provided by SEMimage is relatively fast and accurate, and the real-time autofocusing provides a unique method for keeping the instrument in focus.
Numerical methods for the Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations driven by threshold slip boundary conditions

In this article, we discuss the numerical solution of the Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations completed by nonlinear slip boundary conditions of friction type in two and three dimensions. To solve the Stokes system, we first reduce the related variational inequality into a saddle point-point problem for a well chosen augmented Lagrangian. To solve this saddle point problem we suggest an alternating direction method of multiplier together with finite element approximations. The solution of the Navier Stokes system combines finite element approximations, time discretization by operator splitting and augmented Lagrangian method. Numerical experiment results for two and three dimensional flow confirm the interest of these approaches.
Robot therapy for elders affected by dementia

We used the seal robot, Paro, for therapy of patients suffering from dementia at a cortical neuron clinic. The efficacy of the robot therapy was evaluated by DIMENSION, which detects patient's cortical neuron activity from a 21-channel EEG. The results from preliminary experiments show that robot therapy has a high potential to improve the condition of brain activity in patients suffering from dementia. It is concluded that Paro will be widely used and provide help to people with dementia.
Neural correlates of cognitive processing in monolinguals and bilinguals.

Here, we review the neural correlates of cognitive control associated with bilingualism. We demonstrate that lifelong practice managing two languages orchestrates global changes to both the structure and function of the brain. Compared with monolinguals, bilinguals generally show greater gray matter volume, especially in perceptual/motor regions, greater white matter integrity, and greater functional connectivity between gray matter regions. These changes complement electroencephalography findings showing that bilinguals devote neural resources earlier than monolinguals. Parallel functional findings emerge from the functional magnetic resonance imaging literature: bilinguals show reduced frontal activity, suggesting that they do not need to rely on top-down mechanisms to the same extent as monolinguals. This shift for bilinguals to rely more on subcortical/posterior regions, which we term the bilingual anterior-to-posterior and subcortical shift (BAPSS), fits with results from cognitive aging studies and helps to explain why bilinguals experience cognitive decline at later stages of development than monolinguals.
A Narrative Literature Review and E-Commerce Website Research

In this study, a narrative literature review regarding culture and e-commerce website design has been introduced. Cultural aspect and e-commerce website design will play a significant role for successful global e-commerce sites in the future. Future success of businesses will rely on e-commerce. To compete in the global e-commerce marketplace, local businesses need to focus on designing culturally friendly e-commerce websites. To the best of my knowledge, there has been insignificant research conducted on correlations between culture and e-commerce website design. The research shows that there are correlations between e-commerce, culture, and website design. The result of the study indicates that cultural aspects influence e-commerce website design. This study aims to deliver a reference source for information systems and information technology researchers interested in culture and e-commerce website design, and will show lessfocused research areas in addition to future directions.
Combining Unigrams and Bigrams in Semi-Supervised Text Classification

Unlabeled documents vastly outnumber labeled documents in text classification. For this reason, semi-supervised learning is well suited to the task. Representing text as a combination of unigrams and bigrams has not shown consistent improvements compared to using unigrams in supervised text classification. Therefore, a natural question is whether this finding extends to semi-supervised learning, which provides a different way of combining multiple representations of data. In this paper, we investigate this question experimentally running two semisupervised algorithms, Co-Training and Self-Training, on several text datasets. Our results do not indicate improvements by combining unigrams and bigrams in semi-supervised text classification. In addition, they suggest that this fact may stem from a strong “correlation” between unigrams and bigrams.
Influence Maximization in Trajectory Databases

We study a novel problem of influence maximization in trajectory databases that is very useful in precise locationaware advertising. It finds k best trajectories to be attached with a given advertisement and maximizes the expected influence among a large group of audience. We show that the problem is NP-hard and propose both exact and approximate solutions to find the best set of trajectories. We also extend our problem to support the scenario when there are a group of advertisements. We validate our approach via extensive experiments with real datasets.
Mitigating Docker Security Issues

Mitigating Docker Security Issues 1 Robail Yasrab 1 School of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Science and Technology of China, (USTC), Hefei China.  It is very easy to run applications in Docker. Docker offers an ecosystem that offers a platform for application packaging, distributing and managing within containers. However, Docker platform is yet not matured. Presently, Docker is less secured as compare to virtual machines (VM) and most of the other cloud technologies. The key of reason of Docker’s inadequate security protocols is; containers sharing of Linux kernel, which can lead to risk of privileged escalations. This research is going to outline some major security vulnerabilities at Docker and counter solutions to neutralize such attacks. There are variety of security attacks like insider and outsider. This research will outline both types of attacks and their mitigations strategies. Taking some precautionary measures can save from huge disasters. This research will also present Docker secure deployment guidelines. These guidelines will suggest different configurations to deploy Docker containers in a more secure way.
Factors affecting engineers' acceptance of asynchronous e-learning systems in high-tech companies

With the rapid change in all types of working environment, there is a need to implement electronic learning (e-learning) systems to train people in new technologies, products, and services. However, the large investment in e-learning has made user acceptance an increasingly critical issue for technology implementation and management. Although user acceptance received fairly extensive attention in prior research, efforts were needed to examine or validate previous results, especially in different technologies, user populations, and/or organizational contexts. We therefore proposed a new construct, perceived credibility, to examine the applicability of the technology acceptance model (TAM) in explaining engineers’ decisions to accept e-learning, and address a pragmatic technology management issue. Based on a sample of 140 engineers taken from six international companies, the results strongly support the extended TAM in predicting engineers’ intention to use e-learning.
Sleep can reduce the testing effect: it enhances recall of restudied items but can leave recall of retrieved items unaffected.

The testing effect refers to the finding that retrieval practice in comparison to restudy of previously encoded contents can improve memory performance and reduce time-dependent forgetting. Naturally, long retention intervals include both wake and sleep delay, which can influence memory contents differently. In fact, sleep immediately after encoding can induce a mnemonic benefit, stabilizing and strengthening the encoded contents. We investigated in a series of 5 experiments whether sleep influences the testing effect. After initial study of categorized item material (Experiments 1, 2, and 4A), paired associates (Experiment 3), or educational text material (Experiment 4B), subjects were asked to restudy encoded contents or engage in active retrieval practice. A final recall test was conducted after a 12-hr delay that included diurnal wakefulness or nocturnal sleep. The results consistently showed typical testing effects after the wake delay. However, these testing effects were reduced or even eliminated after sleep, because sleep benefited recall of restudied items but left recall of retrieved items unaffected. The findings are consistent with the bifurcation model of the testing effect (Kornell, Bjork, & Garcia, 2011), according to which the distribution of memory strengths across items is shifted differentially by retrieving and restudying, with retrieval strengthening items to a much higher degree than restudy does. On the basis of this model, most of the retrieved items already fall above recall threshold in the absence of sleep, so additional sleep-induced strengthening may not improve recall of retrieved items any further.
B-spline-based road model for 3d lane recognition

The assumption of a planar road is rarely fulfilled on rural roads and often violated in construction zones. Hills and dips are common and curves with small radius often have an inclination towards the center. In this paper a novel road model is presented, which uses B-Spline modeling to describe the 3D road course. The right and left vertical road courses are modeled separately to represent the roll angle of the road. The well-proven clothoid model used for lateral road course estimation is extended with a B-Spline curve resulting in a more flexible road model as needed for rural roads and construction sites. This road model is tracked over time using a Kalman filter. Stereo measurements provide height information of the road surface, which are used for the 3D lane recognition.
Compact GaN MMIC T/R module front-end for X-band pulsed radar

An X-band Single-Chip monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) has been developed by using a European GaN HEMT technology. The very compact MMIC die occupying only an area of 3.0 mm × 3.0 mm, integrates a high power amplifier (HPA), a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a robust asymmetrical absorptive/reflective SPDT switch. At the antenna RF pad in the frequency range from 8.6 to 11.2 GHz, nearly 8 W of output power and 22 dB of linear gain were measured when operated in transmit mode. When operated in receive mode, a noise figure of 2.5 dB with a gain of 15 dB were measured at the Rx RF pad in the same frequency range.
Situated Anonymity: Impacts of Anonymity, Ephemerality, and Hyper-Locality on Social Media

Anonymity, ephemerality, and hyper-locality are an uncommon set of features in the design of online communities. However, these features were key to Yik Yak's initial success and popularity. In an interview-based study, we found that these three features deeply affected the identity of the community as a whole, the patterns of use, and the ways users committed to this community. We conducted interviews with 18 Yik Yak users on an urban American university campus and found that these three focal design features contributed to casual commitment, transitory use, and emergent community identity. We describe situated anonymity, which is the result of anonymity, ephemerality, and hyper-locality coexisting as focal design features of an online community. This work extends our understanding of use and identity-versus-bond based commitment, which has implications for the design and study of other atypical online communities.