nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Big data-driven service level analysis for a retail store

Using simulation technology, a procedure is proposed for a big data-driven service-level analysis for a real retail store. First, a data generator is designed to randomly select a sample of an expected number of customers or sampling data on a certain day from a large-scale dataset of sales predefined. Second, the clerk schedules are inputted into a data table created using Excel. Finally, simulation modeling mimics the service process of the retail store to examine and analyze the customer service level based on the selected data and the inputted clerk schedules. The proposed procedure for big data-driven service-level analysis shows the relations between the influencing service-level elements between the number of customers coming into stores, the frequency of customers, and the average customer service time. The procedure is generic and can easily be used to examine the service level in the remote past or to analyze and forecast the future.
Small-reflected substrate integrated waveguide termination with multi-step shape and absorbing material

A planar wideband substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) termination with multi-step shape and absorbing material is reported. Early reported absorbing material based SIW terminations exhibit fractional bandwidth (FBW) less than 45%. To broaden bandwidth, the multi-section stepped-impedance transformation is introduced into the design of SIW termination based on the theory of small reflection. The multi-step shape such as trident is used to mold the absorbing material, so that the impedance matching between the substrate and absorbing material can be improved and achieve a wider bandwidth. Measurement of the fabricated prototype exhibits a FBW over 70% with return loss better than 17dB, as well as system integration capability and low structure complexity.
The History of Mobile Augmented Reality Developments in Mobile AR over the last almost 50 years

This document summarizes the major milestones in mobile Augmented Reality between 1968 and 2014. Mobile Augmented Reality has largely evolved over the last decade, as well as the interpretation itself of what is Mobile Augmented Reality. The first instance of Mobile AR can certainly be associated with the development of wearable AR, in a sense of experiencing AR during locomotion (mobile as a motion). With the transformation and miniaturization of physical devices and displays, the concept of mobile AR evolved towards the notion of ”mobile device”, aka AR on a mobile device. In this history of mobile AR we considered both definitions and the evolution of the term over time. Major parts of the list were initially compiled by the member of the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Handheld Augmented Reality in 2009 (author list in alphabetical order) for the ISMAR society. More recent work was added in 2013 and during preparation of this report. Permission is granted to copy and modify. Please email the first author if you find any errors.
The neurobiology of stress and development.

Stress is a part of every life to varying degrees, but individuals differ in their stress vulnerability. Stress is usefully viewed from a biological perspective; accordingly, it involves activation of neurobiological systems that preserve viability through change or allostasis. Although they are necessary for survival, frequent neurobiological stress responses increase the risk of physical and mental health problems, perhaps particularly when experienced during periods of rapid brain development. Recently, advances in noninvasive measurement techniques have resulted in a burgeoning of human developmental stress research. Here we review the anatomy and physiology of stress responding, discuss the relevant animal literature, and briefly outline what is currently known about the psychobiology of stress in human development, the critical role of social regulation of stress neurobiology, and the importance of individual differences as a lens through which to approach questions about stress experiences during development and child outcomes.
Channel Identification: Secret Sharing Using Reciprocity in Ultrawideband Channels

To establish a secure communications link between any two transceivers, the communicating parties require some shared secret, or key, with which to encrypt the message so that it cannot be understood by an enemy observer. Using the theory of reciprocity for antennas and electromagnetic propagation, a key distribution method is proposed that uses the ultrawideband (UWB) channel pulse response between two transceivers as a source of common randomness that is not available to enemy observers in other locations. The maximum size of a key that can be shared in this way is characterized by the mutual information between the observations of two radios, and an approximation and upper bound on mutual information is found for a general multipath channel and examples given for UWB channel models. The exchange of some information between the parties is necessary to achieve these bounds, and various information-sharing strategies are considered and their performance is simulated. A qualitative assessment of the vulnerability of such a secret sharing system to attack from a radio in a nearby location is also given.
Aircraft taxiing route planning based on multi-agent system

This paper proposes a route planning method based on multi-agent system for the NP-hard problem in aircraft taxiing route planning. Route planning is made according to the flight schedule in sequence for one aircraft each time. The post-planned route does not damage the existing one and route planning is made by utilizing the free time window of the taxiing road section. The artificial intelligence algorithm based on multi-agent system is designed to search the free time windows so as to find out the optimal taxiing routes for the aircrafts. The simulation results show that the average taxiing time of aircrafts is significantly reduced by comparing with the fixed pre-selected taxiing path algorithm, and the taxiing time may be saved up to 19.6% at maximum.
Ultra Low Power Capless Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator ( Master Thesis Extended Abstract )

Modern power management System-on-a-Chip (SoC) design demands for fully integrated solutions in order to decrease certain costly features such as the total chip area and the power consumption while maintaining or increasing the fast transient response to signal variations. Low-Dropout (LDO) voltage regulators, as power management devices, must comply with these recent technological and industrial trends. An ultra low power cap-less low-dropout voltage regulator with resistive feedback network and a new dynamic biased, multiloop compensation strategy is proposed. Its dynamic close-loop bandwidth gain and dynamic damping enhance the fast load and line LDO transient responses. These are assured by the output class-AB stage of the error amplifier and the feedback loop of the non-linear derivative current amplifier of the LDO. The proposed LDO, designed for a maximum output current of 50 mA in TSMC 65 nm, requires a quiescent current of 3.7 μA and presents excellent line and load transients (<10%) and fast transient response.
Physical Layer Security for Cooperative NOMA Systems

In this correspondence, we investigate the physical layer security for cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, where both amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) protocols are considered. More specifically, some analytical expressions are derived for secrecy outage probability (SOP) and strictly positive secrecy capacity. Results show that AF and DF almost achieve the same secrecy performance. Moreover, asymptotic results demonstrate that the SOP tends to a constant at high signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, our results show that the secrecy performance of considered NOMA systems is independent of the channel conditions between the relay and the poor user.
The Cosmic-Ray Contribution to Galactic Abundances of the Light Elements : Interpretation of GCR LiBeB Abundance Measurements from ACE / CRIS

Inelastic collisions between the galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and the interstellar medium (ISM) are responsible for producing essentially all of the light elements Li, Be, and B (LiBeB) observed in the cosmic rays. Previous calculations (e.g., ) have shown that GCR fragmentation can explain the bulk of the existing LiBeB abundance in the present day Galaxy. However, elemental abundances of LiBeB in old halo stars indicate inconsistencies with this explanation. We have used a simple leaky-box model to predict the cosmic-ray elemental and isotopic abundances of LiBeB in the present epoch. We conducted a survey of recent scientific literature on fragmentation cross sections and have calculated the amount of uncertainty they introduce into our model. The predicted particle intensities of this model were compared with high energy (EisM=200-500 MeV/nucleon) cosmic-ray data from the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS), which indicates fairly good agreement with absolute fluxes for Z?:. 5 and relative isotopic abundances for all LiBeB species.
Fine-Grained Recognition as HSnet Search for Informative Image Parts

This work addresses fine-grained image classification. Our work is based on the hypothesis that when dealing with subtle differences among object classes it is critical to identify and only account for a few informative image parts, as the remaining image context may not only be uninformative but may also hurt recognition. This motivates us to formulate our problem as a sequential search for informative parts over a deep feature map produced by a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). A state of this search is a set of proposal bounding boxes in the image, whose informativeness is evaluated by the heuristic function (H), and used for generating new candidate states by the successor function (S). The two functions are unified via a Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM) into a new deep recurrent architecture, called HSnet. Thus, HSnet (i) generates proposals of informative image parts and (ii) fuses all proposals toward final fine-grained recognition. We specify both supervised and weakly supervised training of HSnet depending on the availability of object part annotations. Evaluation on the benchmark Caltech-UCSD Birds 200-2011 and Cars-196 datasets demonstrate our competitive performance relative to the state of the art.
Miniaturized dual-band BPF using hairpin loaded interdigital structure

This paper demonstrates a new structure of dual band microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) by cascading an interdigital structure (IDS) and a hairpin line structure. The use of IDS improves the quality factor of the proposed filter. The size of the filter is very small and it is very compact and simple to design. To reduce size of the proposed filter there is no use of via or defected ground structure which makes its fabrication easier and cost effective. The first band of filter covers 2.4GHz, 2.5GHz and 3.5GHz and second band covers 5.8GHz of WLAN/WiMAX standards with good insertion loss. The proposed filter is designed on FR4 with dielectric constant of 4.4 and of thickness 1.6mm. Performance of proposed filter is compared with previously reported filters and found better with reduced size.
Carcionoid of the appendix in pregnant woman - case report and literature review.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are detected very rarely in pregnant women. The following is a case report of carcinoid tumor of the appendix diagnosed in 28 year-old woman at 25th week of gestation. The woman delivered spontaneously a healthy baby at the 38th week of gestation. She did not require adjuvant therapy with somatostatin analogues. The patient remained in remission. There are not established standards of care due to the very rare incidence of carcinoid tumors in pregnancy. A review of the literature related to management and prognosis in such cases was done.
Baseline echocardiographic values for adult male rats.

Because of safety, repeatability, and portability, clinical echocardiography is well established as a standard for cardiac anatomy, cardiac function, and hemodynamics. Similarly, application of echocardiography in commonly used rat experimental models would be worthwhile. The use of noninvasive ultrasound imaging in the rat is a potential replacement for more invasive terminal techniques. Although echocardiography has become commonly used in the rat, normal parameters for cardiac anatomy and function, and comparison with established human values, have not been reported.



A total of 44 Sprague-Dawley male rats had baseline echocardiography replicating a protocol for clinical echocardiography.



Complete 2-dimensional echocardiography for cardiac anatomy and function was obtained in 44 rats. Hemodynamic parameters could be recorded in 85% of rats. The ejection fraction and fractional shortening values of the left ventricle were similar to those reported for healthy human beings. Pulsed Doppler velocities of atrial systole for mitral valve inflow, pulmonary vein reversal, and Doppler tissue of the lateral mitral valve annulus also had similar means as healthy human beings. The calculated left ventricular mass was at the same order of magnitude as a proportion of body weight of rat to man. All other observations in the clinical protocol were different from those reported in healthy human beings.



The use of echocardiography for assessment of cardiac anatomy, function, and hemodynamics can be consistently applied to the rat and replicates much of the information used routinely in human echocardiography.
Importance of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding among Infants

The aim of this review is to document the advantages of exclusive breastfeeding along with concerns which may hinder the practice of breastfeeding and focuses on the appropriateness of complementary feeding and feeding difficulties which infants encounter. Breastfeeding, as recommended by the World Health Organisation, is the most cost effective way for reducing childhood morbidity such as obesity, hypertension and gastroenteritis as well as mortality. There are several factors that either promote or act as barriers to good infant nutrition. Factors which influence breastfeeding practice in terms of initiation, exclusivity and duration are namely breast engorgement, sore nipples, milk insufficiency and availability of various infant formulas. On the other hand, introduction of complementary foods, also known as weaning, is done around 4 to 6 months and mothers usually should start with home-made nutritious food. Difficulties encountered during the weaning process are often refusal to eat followed by vomiting, colic, allergic reactions and diarrhoea. key words: Exclusive breastfeeding, Weaning, Complementary feeding, Feeding difficulties.
Development of Geotechnical Resistance Factors and Downdrag Load Factors for LRFD Foundation Strength Limit State Design Reference Manual

NOTICE The contents of this report reflect the views of the author, who is responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect policy of the Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.  This report summarizes the historical development of the resistance factors developed for the geotechnical foundation design sections of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, and recommends how to specifically implement recent developments in resistance factors for geotechnical foundation design. In addition, recommendations regarding the load factor for downdrag loads, based on statistical analysis of available load test data and reliability theory, are provided. The scope of this report is limited to shallow and deep foundation geotechnical design at the strength limit state. 17. Forward With the advent of the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor (LRFD) Bridge Design Specifications in 1992, there has been considerable focus on the geotechnical aspects of those specifications, since most geotechnical engineers are unfamiliar with LRFD concepts. This is especially true regarding the quantification of the level of safety needed for design. Up to the time of writing of this report, the geotechnical profession has typically used safety factors within an allowable stress design (ASD) framework (also termed working stress design, or WSD). For those agencies that use Load Factor Design (LFD), the safety factors for the foundation design are used in combination with factored loads in accordance with the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (2002). The adaptation of geotechnical design and the associated safety factors to what would become the first edition of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications began in earnest with the publication of the results of NCHRP Project 24-4 as NCHRP Report 343 (Barker, et al., 1991). The details of the calibrations they conducted are provided in an unpublished Appendix to that report (. This is the primary source of resistance factors for foundation design as currently published in AASHTO (2004). Since that report was published, changes have occurred in the specifications regarding load factors and design methodology that have required re-evaluation of the resistance factors. Furthermore, new studies have been or are being conducted that are yet to be implemented in the LRFD specifications. In 2002, the AASHTO Bridge Subcommittee initiated an effort, with the help of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), to rewrite the foundation design sections of the AASHTO …
Combining domain knowledge and machine learning for robust fall detection

This paper presents a method for combining domain knowledge and machine learning (CDKML) for classifier generation and online adaptation. The method exploits advantages in domain knowledge and machine learning as complementary information sources. While machine learning may discover patterns in interest domains that are too subtle for humans to detect, domain knowledge may contain information on a domain not present in the available domain dataset. CDKML has three steps. First, prior domain knowledge is enriched with relevant patterns obtained by machine learning to create an initial classifier. Second, genetic algorithms refine the classifier. Third, the classifier is adapted online based on user feedback using the Markov decision process. CDKML was applied in fall detection. Tests showed that the classifiers developed by CDKML have better performance than ML classifiers generated on a one-sided training dataset. The accuracy of the initial classifier was 10 percentage points higher than the best machine learning classifier and the refinement added 3 percentage points. The online adaptation improved the accuracy of the refined classifier by additional 15 percentage points.
A cephalometric study of the Class II correction effects of the Eureka Spring.

The effect of the Eureka Spring (ES) appliance was investigated on 37 consecutively treated, noncompliant patients with bilateral Class II malocclusions. Lateral cephalographs were taken at the start of orthodontic treatment (T1), at insertion of the ES (T2), and at removal of the ES (T3). The average treatment interval between T2 and T3 was four months. The Class II correction occurred almost entirely by dentoalveolar movement and was almost equally distributed between the maxillary and mandibular dentitions. The rate of molar correction was 0.7 mm/mo. There was no change in anterior face height, mandibular plane angle, palatal plane angle, or gonial angle with treatment. There was a 2 degrees change in the occlusal plane resulting from intrusion of the maxillary molar and the mandibular incisor. Based on the results in this sample, the ES appliance was very effective in correcting Class II malocclusions in noncompliant patients without increasing the vertical dimension.
BioGRID: a general repository for interaction datasets

Access to unified datasets of protein and genetic interactions is critical for interrogation of gene/protein function and analysis of global network properties. BioGRID is a freely accessible database of physical and genetic interactions available at http://www.thebiogrid.org. BioGRID release version 2.0 includes >116 000 interactions from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens. Over 30 000 interactions have recently been added from 5778 sources through exhaustive curation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae primary literature. An internally hyper-linked web interface allows for rapid search and retrieval of interaction data. Full or user-defined datasets are freely downloadable as tab-delimited text files and PSI-MI XML. Pre-computed graphical layouts of interactions are available in a variety of file formats. User-customized graphs with embedded protein, gene and interaction attributes can be constructed with a visualization system called Osprey that is dynamically linked to the BioGRID.
Occurrence, Transmission, and Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, transmissible prion disease that affects captive and free-ranging deer, elk, and moose. Although the zoonotic potential of CWD is considered low, identification of multiple CWD strains and the potential for agent evolution upon serial passage hinders a definitive conclusion. Surveillance for CWD in free-ranging populations has documented a continual geographic spread of the disease throughout North America. CWD prions are shed from clinically and preclinically affected hosts, and CWD transmission is mediated at least in part by the environment, perhaps by soil. Much remains unknown, including the sites and mechanisms of prion uptake in the naive host. There are no therapeutics or effective eradication measures for CWD-endemic populations. Continued surveillance and research of CWD and its effects on cervid ecosystems is vital for controlling the long-term consequences of this emerging disease.
Intramuscular myxoma of the hypothenar muscles

Intramuscular myxomas of the hand are rare entities. Primarily found in the myocardium, these lesions also affect the bone and soft tissues in other parts of the body. This article describes a case of hypothenar muscles myxoma treated with local surgical excision after frozen section biopsy with tumor-free margins. Radiographic images of the axial and appendicular skeleton were negative for fibrous dysplasia, and endocrine studies were within normal limits. The 8-year follow-up period has been uneventful, with no complications. The patient is currently recurrence free, with normal intrinsic hand function.
Image-Based Pointing and Tracking for Inertially Stabilized Airborne Camera Platform

This paper describes a novel image-based pointing-tracking feedback control scheme for an inertially stabilized double-gimbal airborne camera platform combined with a computer vision system. The key idea is to enhance the intuitive decoupled controller structure with measurements of the camera inertial angular rate around its optical axis. The resulting controller can also compensate for the apparent translation between the camera and the observed object, but then the velocity of this mutual translation must be measured or estimated. Even though the proposed controller is more robust against longer sampling periods of the computer-vision system then the decoupled controller, a sketch of a simple compensation of this delay is also given. Numerical simulations are accompanied by laboratory experiments with a real benchmark system.