nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer-Generated Pencil Drawing

In this paper we give an overview of our research on nonphotorealistic rendering methods for computer-generated pencil drawing. Our approach to the problem of simulating pencil drawings was to break it down into the subproblems of (1) simulating first the drawing materials (graphite pencil and drawing paper, blenders and kneaded eraser), (2) developing drawing primitives (individual pencil strokes and mark-making to create tones and textures), (3) simulating the basic rendering techniques (outlining and shading of 3D models) used by artists and illustrators familiar with pencil rendering, and (4) implementing the control of drawing steps from preparatory sketches to finished rendering results. We demonstrate the capabilities of our approach with a variety of images generated from reference images and 3D models. CR Categories: I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation—Display algorithms; I.6.3 [Simulation and Modeling]: Applications—.
Translating scientific opportunity into public health impact: a strategic plan for research on mental illness.

Research has transformed many areas of medicine, with profound effects on morbidity and mortality. Exciting advances in neuroscience and genomics have transformed research but have not yet been translated to public health impact in psychiatry. Current treatments are necessary but not sufficient for most patients.



To improve outcomes we will need to (1) identify the neural circuitry of mental disorders, (2) detect the earliest manifestations of risk or illness even before cognition or behavior appear abnormal, (3) personalize care based on individual responses, and (4) implement broader use of effective psychosocial interventions.



To address these objectives, NIMH, working with its many stakeholders, developed a strategic plan for research. The plan calls for research that will (1) define the pathophysiology of disorders from genes to behavior, (2) map the trajectory of illness to determine when, where, and how to intervene to preempt disability, (3) develop new interventions based on a personalized approach to the diverse needs and circumstances of people with mental illnesses, and (4) strengthen the public health impact of NIMH-supported research by focusing on dissemination science and disparities in care.



The NIMH is shifting its funding priorities to close the gap between basic biological knowledge and effective mental health care, paving the way for prevention, recovery, and cure.
Disseminating Architectural Knowledge on Open-Source Projects: A Case Study of the Book "Architecture of Open-Source Applications"

This paper reports on an interview-based study of 18 authors of different chapters of the two-volume book "Architecture of Open-Source Applications". The main contributions are a synthesis of the process of authoring essay-style documents (ESDs) on software architecture, a series of observations on important factors that influence the content and presentation of architectural knowledge in this documentation form, and a set of recommendations for readers and writers of ESDs on software architecture. We analyzed the influence of three factors in particular: the evolution of a system, the community involvement in the project, and the personal characteristics of the author. This study provides the first systematic investigation of the creation of ESDs on software architecture. The observations we collected have implications for both readers and writers of ESDs, and for architecture documentation in general.
Key advances in the chemical modification of nanocelluloses.

Nanocelluloses, including nanocrystalline cellulose, nanofibrillated cellulose and bacterial cellulose nanofibers, have become fascinating building blocks for the design of new biomaterials. Derived from the must abundant and renewable biopolymer, they are drawing a tremendous level of attention, which certainly will continue to grow in the future driven by the sustainability trend. This growing interest is related to their unsurpassed quintessential physical and chemical properties. Yet, owing to their hydrophilic nature, their utilization is restricted to applications involving hydrophilic or polar media, which limits their exploitation. With the presence of a large number of chemical functionalities within their structure, these building blocks provide a unique platform for significant surface modification through various chemistries. These chemical modifications are prerequisite, sometimes unavoidable, to adapt the interfacial properties of nanocellulose substrates or adjust their hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. Therefore, various chemistries have been developed aiming to surface-modify these nano-sized substrates in order to confer to them specific properties, extending therefore their use to highly sophisticated applications. This review collocates current knowledge in the research and development of nanocelluloses and emphasizes more particularly on the chemical modification routes developed so far for their functionalization.
A Survey of Queuing Theory Applications in Healthcare

Isr develops, applies and teaches advanced methodologies of design and analysis to solve complex, hierarchical, heterogeneous and dynamic problems of engineering technology and systems for industry and government. Isr is a permanent institute of the university of maryland, within the a. James clark school of engineering. It is a graduated national science foundation engineering research center.  This paper surveys the contributions and applications of queuing theory in the field of healthcare. The paper summarizes a range of queuing theory results in the following areas: waiting time and utilization analysis, system design, and appointment systems. The paper also considers results for systems at different scales, including individual departments (or units), healthcare facilities, and regional healthcare systems. The goal is to provide sufficient information to analysts who are interested in using queuing theory to model a healthcare process and want to locate the details of relevant models.
Twelve Issues for Cognitive Science

I am struck by how little is known about so much of cognition. One goal of this poper is to argue for the need to consider a rich set of interlocking issues in the study of cognition. Mainstream work in cognitiorr-including my ow+ignores many critical aspects of animate cognitive systems. Perhaps one reason that existing theories say so little reievant to real world activities is the neglect of social and cultural factors, of emotion, and of the maior points that distinguish an animate cognitive system from an artificial one: the need to survive, to regulate its own operation, to maintain itself, to exist in the environment, to change from a small, uneducated, immature system to an adult, developed, knowledgeable one.
A Novel Low-Cost Intelligent Shopping Cart

An innovative product with societal acceptance is the one that aids the comfort, convenience and efficiency in everyday life. In this paper, we discuss a novel product “A Novel Low-Cost Intelligent Shopping Cart (NLISC)” being developed to assist a person in everyday shopping in terms of reduced time spent while purchasing a product at the best price available. The main objective of NLISC is to provide a technology oriented, low-cost, easily scalable, and rugged system for assisting shopping in-person. The developed system consists of 4 key components/modules (a) Location detection component (LDC) (b) Server Communication component (SCC) (c) User Interface and display component (UIDC), and (d) Automatic billing and Inventory management component (ABIMC). LDC is used to dynamically locate the shopping cart inside the shopping arena to facilitate providing relevant product information. SCC establishes and maintains the connection of the shopping cart with the main server. UIDC provides the user interface and ABIMC handles the billing and inventory management in association with the SCC. These 4 modules are integrated into an embedded system and are tested to satisfy the functionality. The prototype developed is ready for commercial deployment with proper attention to security and network issues as discussed.
Control-Relevant Modeling , Analysis , and Design for Scramjet-Powered Hypersonic Vehicles

Armando A. Rodriguez ∗ Jeffrey J. Dickeson † Srikanth Sridharan ‡ Akshay Korad § Jaidev Khatri ¶ Dept. of Electrical Eng., Fulton School of Eng., Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, U.S.A.  Don Soloway ∗∗ Guidance, Navigation, and Control, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, U.S.A.  Dept.  Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, U.S.A.
NFV enabled IoT architecture for an operating room environment

The Internet of Things (IoTs) refers to the inter-connection of billions of smart devices. The steadily increasing number of IoT devices with heterogeneous characteristics requires that future networks evolve to provide a new architecture to cope with the expected increase in data generation. Network function virtualization (NFV) provides the scale and flexibility necessary for IoT services by enabling the automated control, management and orchestration of network resources. In this paper, we present a novel NFV enabled IoT architecture targeted for a state-of-the art operating room environment. We use web services based on the representational state transfer (REST) web architecture as the IoT application's southbound interface and illustrate its applicability via two different scenarios.
The focus group method: insights from focus group interviews on sexual health with adolescents.

This article concerns the manner in which group interaction during focus groups impacted upon the data generated in a study of adolescent sexual health. Twenty-nine group interviews were conducted with secondary school pupils in Ireland, and data were subjected to a qualitative analysis. In exploring the relationship between method and theory generation, we begin by focusing on the ethnographic potential within group interviews. We propose that at times during the interviews, episodes of acting-out, or presenting a particular image in the presence of others, can be highly revealing in attempting to understand the normative rules embedded in the culture from which participants are drawn. However, we highlight a specific problem with distinguishing which parts of the group interview are a valid representation of group processes and which parts accurately reflect individuals' retrospective experiences of reality. We also note that at various points in the interview, focus groups have the potential to reveal participants' vulnerabilities. In addition, group members themselves can challenge one another on how aspects of their sub-culture are represented within the focus group, in a way that is normally beyond reach within individual interviews. The formation and composition of focus groups, particularly through the clustering of like-minded individuals, can affect the dominant views being expressed within specific groups. While focus groups have been noted to have an educational and transformative potential, we caution that they may also be a source of inaccurate information, placing participants at risk. Finally, the opportunities that focus groups offer in enabling researchers to cross-check the trustworthiness of data using a post-interview questionnaire are considered. We conclude by arguing that although far from flawless, focus groups are a valuable method for gathering data about health issues.
The impact of a program in mindful communication on primary care physicians.

In addition to structural transformations, deeper changes are needed to enhance physicians' sense of meaning and satisfaction with their work and their ability to respond creatively to a dynamically changing practice environment. The purpose of this research was to understand what aspects of a successful continuing education program in mindful communication contributed to physicians' well-being and the care they provide.



In 2008, the authors conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with primary care physicians who had recently completed a 52-hour mindful communication program demonstrated to reduce psychological distress and burnout while improving empathy. Interviews with a random sample of 20 of the 46 physicians in the Rochester, New York, area who attended at least four of eight weekly sessions and four of eight monthly sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed qualitatively. The authors identified salient themes from the interviews.



Participants reported three main themes: (1) sharing personal experiences from medical practice with colleagues reduced professional isolation, (2) mindfulness skills improved the participants' ability to be attentive and listen deeply to patients' concerns, respond to patients more effectively, and develop adaptive reserve, and (3) developing greater self-awareness was positive and transformative, yet participants struggled to give themselves permission to attend to their own personal growth.



Interventions to improve the quality of primary care practice and practitioner well-being should promote a sense of community, specific mindfulness skills, and permission and time devoted to personal growth.
Granuloma annulare within the red dye of a tattoo.

degeneration of the basal layer in the epidermis. In the dermis, perivascular or lichenoid infiltrate and the presence of melanin incontinence were the predominant changes noted. A recently developed lesion tends to show more predominant band-like lymphocytic infiltration and epidermal vacuolization rather than epidermal atrophy. Linear lesions can frequently occur at sites of scratching or trauma in patients with LP as a result of Koebner’s phenomenon, or, as in our case, they may appear spontaneously within the lines of Blaschko on the face. In acquired Blaschko linear inflammatory dermatosis, cutaneous antigenic mosaicism could be responsible for the susceptibility to induce mosaic T-cell responses. Because drugs had not been changed in type or dosage over several years of treatment, and underlying medical diseases had been well controlled, the possibility of drug-related reaction was thought to be low. Considering the clinical features in our patient, and the fact that exposed sites were frequently the first to be involved, it can be suggested that exposure to sunlight (even in a casual dose) may be a kind of stimuli to induce the lesion of LPP in a genetically susceptible patient. Usually the course is chronic and treatments are less effective for follicular LP or LPP than for classical LP. Topical tacrolimus, a member of the immunosuppressive macrolide family that suppresses T-cell activation, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of some mucosal and follicular LP. There is only one article about the successful treatment of LPP with topical tacrolimus. Although they showed over 50% improvement in seven of 13 patients after 4 months of treatment, the authors did not mention any case of complete clearance in their article. Moreover, the other six of the 13 patients did not show improvement in pigmentation. Therefore, in the present case, 1064-nm QSNY with low fluence treatment was chosen for treating pigmentation. The 1064-nm QSNY in nanosecond (ns) domain is strongly absorbed by the finely distributed melanin in dermal pigmented lesions. Moreover, 1064-nm QSNY with low fluence, which in a ‘‘top-hat’’ beam mode can evenly distribute energy density throughout the whole spot, is now widely used when treating darker skin types, because it greatly reduces the risk of epidermal injury and post-therapy dyschromia. In our patient, because of poor response to topical steroid, we started tacrolimus ointment for mainly targeting T cells, and for the treatment of pigmentation, we added QSNY treatment. It suggests that the combination treatment of 1064-nm low fluenced QSNY with topical tacrolimus may be a good therapeutic option for patients with recalcitrant facial LPP in dark-skinned individuals.
Correlations between the abnormal development of the skull base and facial skeleton growth in anterior synostotic plagiocephaly: the predictive value of a classification based on CT scan examination

Anterior cranial plagiocephaly, depending on the early hemicoronal suture fusion, is the most relevant form of plagiocephaly in terms of clinical implications. Its estimated incidence ranges between 0.4 and 1 per 1,000 live births. In the present report, we aim at validating the classification of Di Rocco and Velardi, proposing a scheme based on basicranium analysis using CT scans and its predictive value by evaluating the developmental characteristics of a population of adult subjects affected by anterior plagiocephaly who had underwent the surgical correction in the first months of life. The group of patients here considered was retrieved from among all patients operated upon for craniostenosis in the pediatric neurosurgery unit of Policlinico Gemelli in Rome between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1989. The study group consisted of 13 patients, seven females and six males, affected by anterior synostotic plagiocephaly ranging in age between 20 and 32 years (mean 25.54 years). We also formed a group of unaffected patients in order to control for normal variability in the population. The subjects of the study group were evaluated using CT scan exams and cephalometric analyses were performed using three-dimensional reconstruction. In this study, we were able to associate a facial phenotype to confirm the predictive value of the classification proposed. It is highly probable that the different outcomes depend on the different degrees of involvement in the synostotic process by the various skull base sutures which were essentially unaffected by the surgical procedures.
Coloring with Words: Guiding Image Colorization Through Text-Based Palette Generation

This paper proposes a novel approach to generate multiple color palettes that reflect the semantics of input text and then colorize a given grayscale image according to the generated color palette. In contrast to existing approaches, our model can understand rich text, whether it is a single word, a phrase, or a sentence, and generate multiple possible palettes from it. For this task, we introduce our manually curated dataset called Palette-and-Text (PAT). Our proposed model called Text2Colors consists of two conditional generative adversarial networks: the text-topalette generation networks and the palette-based colorization networks. The former captures the semantics of the text input and produce relevant color palettes. The latter colorizes a grayscale image using the generated color palette. Our evaluation results show that people preferred our generated palettes over ground truth palettes and that our model can effectively reflect the given palette when colorizing an image.
An Empirical Study on the Privacy Preservation of Online Social Networks

Privacy in social networks is a large and growing concern in recent times. It refers to various issues in a social network which include privacy of users, links, and their attributes. Each privacy component of a social network is vast and consists of various sub-problems. For example, user privacy includes multiple sub-problems like user location privacy, and user personal information privacy. This survey on privacy in social networks is intended to serve as an initial introduction and starting step to all further researchers. We present various privacy preserving models and methods include naive anonymization, perturbation, or building a complete alternative network. We show the work done by multiple researchers in the past, where social networks are stated as network graphs with users represented as nodes and friendship between users represented as links between the nodes. We study ways and mechanisms developed to protect these nodes and links in the network. We also review other systems proposed, along with all the available databases for future researchers in this area.
Combining structural and citation-based evidence for text classification

This paper discusses how citation-based information and structural content (e.g., title, abstract) can be combined to improve classification of text documents into predefined categories. We evaluate different measures of similarity derived from the citation structure and the structural content of the collection, and determine how they can be fused to improve classification effectiveness. To discover the best fusion framework, we apply Genetic Programming (GP) techniques. Our empirical experiments using documents from the ACM Digital Library and the ACM Computing Classification System show that we can discover similarity functions that work better than using evidence in isolation and whose combined performance through a simple majority voting is comparable to that of Support Vector Machine classifiers.
Associativity-Based Routing for Ad Hoc Mobile Networks

This paper presents a new, simple and bandwidth-efficient distributed routing protocol to support mobile computing in a conference size ad-hoc mobile network environment. Unlike the conventional approaches such as link-state and distance-vector distributed routing algorithms, our protocol does not attempt to consistently maintain routing information in every node. In an ad-hoc mobile network where mobile hosts (MHs) are acting as routers and where routes are made inconsistent by MHs’ movement, we employ an associativity-based routing scheme where a route is selected based on nodes having associativity states that imply periods of stability. In this manner, the routes selected are likely to be long-lived and hence there is no need to restart frequently, resulting in higher attainable throughput. Route requests are broadcast on a per need basis. The association property also allows the integration of ad-hoc routing into a BS-oriented Wireless LAN (WLAN) environment, providing the fault tolerance in times of base stations (BSs) failures. To discover shorter routes and to shorten the route recovery time when the association property is violated, the localised-query and quick-abort mechanisms are respectively incorporated into the protocol. To further increase cell capacity and lower transmission power requirements, a dynamic cell size adjustment scheme is introduced. The protocol is free from loops, deadlock and packet duplicates and has scalable memory requirements. Simulation results obtained reveal that shorter and better routes can be discovered during route re-constructions.
Ways of Applying Artificial Intelligence in Software Engineering

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques become more powerful and easier to use they are increasingly deployed as key components of modern software systems. While this enables new functionality and often allows better adaptation to user needs it also creates additional problems for software engineers and exposes companies to new risks. Some work has been done to better understand the interaction between Software Engineering and AI but we lack methods to classify ways of applying AI in software systems and to analyse and understand the risks this poses. Only by doing so can we devise tools and solutions to help mitigate them. This paper presents the AI in SE Application Levels (AI-SEAL) taxonomy that categorises applications according to their point of application, the type of AI technology used and the automation level allowed. We show the usefulness of this taxonomy by classifying 15 papers from previous editions of the RAISE workshop. Results show that the taxonomy allows classification of distinct AI applications and provides insights concerning the risks associated with them. We argue that this will be important for companies in deciding how to apply AI in their software applications and to create strategies for its use.