nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Compact Dual-Polarized MIMO Antenna With Distinct Diversity Performance for UWB Applications

In this letter, a simple compact dual-polarized ultrawideband (UWB) multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented with the circularly polarized band for WiMAX (5.5 GHz) and WLAN (5, 5.2 GHz) applications. The antenna parameters such as reflection coefficient, diversity performance, gain, axial ratio, and isolation have been studied on a fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna. The 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 34.38% along with isolation between two ports has been achieved by introducing a rectangular vertical arm (I-parameter) in the ground plane. To enhance the isolation and –10 dB impedance bandwidth, L-shaped radiators have been incorporated in the rectangular feeds. The –10 dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 112.05% with isolation >17 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.01 (using S-parameter) and less than 0.15 (using far-field radiation pattern) in the entire operational bandwidth. The gain of the proposed antenna varies from 1.2 to 4.9 dBi. The performance of the proposed antenna makes it a suitable candidate for use in portable UWB applications as well as in wireless communication systems.
Curve skeletonization of surface-like objects in 3D images guided by voxel classification

Skeletonization is a way to reduce dimensionality of digital objects. Here, we present an algorithm that computes the curve skeleton of a surface-like object in a 3D image, i.e., an object that in one of the three dimensions is at most twovoxel thick. A surface-like object consists of surfaces and curves crossing each other. Its curve skeleton is a 1D set centred within the surface-like object and with preserved topological properties. It can be useful to achieve a qualitative shape representation of the object with reduced dimensionality. The basic idea behind our algorithm is to detect the curves and the junctions between different surfaces and prevent their removal as they retain the most significant shape representation.
A Modified Z-Epicanthoplasty Combined With Blepharoplasty Used to Create an In-Type Palpebral Fissure in Asian Eyelids

An epicanthal fold is common in the eyelids of Orientals, weakening the aesthetic appearance of blepharoplasty. Many techniques have been designed to eliminate the epicanthal fold and create a beautiful palpebral fissure with less scarring produced in the medial canthus. However, many of these procedures were designed to correct the epicanthus completely and create an out-type of palpebral fold, which leaves a minor scar in the epicanthus and an unnatural eye appearance. Thus, based on dynamic mechanisms, a beautiful design of the epicanthus, and a double fold in most Asian people, a new modified Z-plasty procedure combined with blepharoplasty to create an in-type of palpebral fissure was performed for 873 patients in our hospital from September 2006 to November 2010. The procedure showed good and natural results in most Asian patients. No recurrence of the epicanthal fold and no scarring of the medial canthus were found during a 6-month follow-up period. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
A specification paradigm for the design and implementation of tangible user interfaces

Tangible interaction shows promise to significantly enhance computer-mediated support for activities such as learning, problem solving, and design. However, tangible user interfaces are currently considered challenging to design and build. Designers and developers of these interfaces encounter several conceptual, methodological, and technical difficulties. Among others, these challenges include: the lack of appropriate interaction abstractions, the shortcomings of current user interface software tools to address continuous and parallel interactions, as well as the excessive effort required to integrate novel input and output technologies. To address these challenges, we propose a specification paradigm for designing and implementing Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs), that enables TUI developers to specify the structure and behavior of a tangible user interface using high-level constructs which abstract away implementation details. An important benefit of this approach, which is based on User Interface Description Language (UIDL) research, is that these specifications could be automatically or semi-automatically converted into concrete TUI implementations. In addition, such specifications could serve as a common ground for investigating both design and implementation concerns by TUI developers from different disciplines.
 Thus, the primary contribution of this article is a high-level UIDL that provides developers from different disciplines means for effectively specifying, discussing, and programming a broad range of tangible user interfaces. There are three distinct elements to this contribution: a visual specification technique that is based on Statecharts and Petri nets, an XML-compliant language that extends this visual specification technique, as well as a proof-of-concept prototype of a Tangible User Interface Management System (TUIMS) that semi-automatically translates high-level specifications into a program controlling specific target technologies.
Brain size and cognitive ability: Correlations with age, sex, social class, and race.

Using data from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), autopsy, endocranial measurements, and other techniques, we show that (1) brain size is correlated with cognitive ability about .44 using MRI; (2) brain size varies by age, sex, social class, and race; and (3) cognitive ability varies by age, sex, social class, and race. Brain size and cognitive ability show a curvilinear relation with age, increasing to young adulthood and then decreasing; increasing from women to men; increasing with socioeconomic status; and increasing from Africans to Europeans to Asians. Although only further research can determine if such correlations represent cause and effect, it is clear that the direction of the brain-size/cognitive-ability relationships described by Paul Broca (1824-1880), Francis Galton (1822-1911), and other nineteenth-century visionaries is true, and that the null hypothesis of no relation, strongly advocated over the last half century, is false.
Dependency Tree-Based Rules for Concept-Level Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis

Over the last few years, the way people express their opinions has changed dramatically with the progress of social networks, web communities, blogs, wikis, and other online collaborative media. Now, people buy a product and express their opinion in social media so that other people can acquire knowledge about that product before they proceed to buy it. On the other hand, for the companies it has become necessary to keep track of the public opinions on their products to achieve customer satisfaction. Therefore, nowadays opinion mining is a routine task for every company for developing a widely acceptable product or providing satisfactory service. Concept-based opinion mining is a new area of research. The key parts of this research involve extraction of concepts from the text, determining product aspects, and identifying sentiment associated with these aspects. In this paper, we address each one of these tasks using a novel approach that takes text as input and use dependency parse tree-based rules to extract concepts and aspects and identify the associated sentiment. On the benchmark datasets, our method outperforms all existing state-of-the-art systems.
Evaluating enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems using an interpretive approach

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems involve the purchase of pre-written software modules from third party suppliers, rather than bespoke (i.e. specially tailored) production of software requirements, and are often described as a buy rather than build approach to information systems development. Current research has shown that there has been a notable decrease in the satisfaction levels of ERP implementations over the period 1998-2000.
The environment in which such software is selected, implemented and used may be viewed as a social activity system, which consists of a variety of stakeholders e.g. users, developers, managers, suppliers and consultants. In such a context, an interpretive research approach (Walsham, 1995) is appropriate in order to understand the influences at work.
This paper reports on an interpretive study that attempts to understand the reasons for this apparent lack of success by analyzing issues raised by representatives of key stakeholder groups. Resulting critical success factors are then compared with those found in the literature, most notably those of Bancroft et al (1998).
Conclusions are drawn on a wide range of organizational, management and political issues that relate to the multiplicity of stakeholder perceptions.
The Smartphone-Based Offline Indoor Location Competition at IPIN 2016: Analysis and Future Work

This paper presents the analysis and discussion of the off-site localization competition track, which took place during the Seventh International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN 2016). Five international teams proposed different strategies for smartphone-based indoor positioning using the same reference data. The competitors were provided with several smartphone-collected signal datasets, some of which were used for training (known trajectories), and others for evaluating (unknown trajectories). The competition permits a coherent evaluation method of the competitors' estimations, where inside information to fine-tune their systems is not offered, and thus provides, in our opinion, a good starting point to introduce a fair comparison between the smartphone-based systems found in the literature. The methodology, experience, feedback from competitors and future working lines are described.
Compressive light field photography using overcomplete dictionaries and optimized projections

Light field photography has gained a significant research interest in the last two decades; today, commercial light field cameras are widely available. Nevertheless, most existing acquisition approaches either multiplex a low-resolution light field into a single 2D sensor image or require multiple photographs to be taken for acquiring a high-resolution light field. We propose a compressive light field camera architecture that allows for higher-resolution light fields to be recovered than previously possible from a single image. The proposed architecture comprises three key components: light field atoms as a sparse representation of natural light fields, an optical design that allows for capturing optimized 2D light field projections, and robust sparse reconstruction methods to recover a 4D light field from a single coded 2D projection. In addition, we demonstrate a variety of other applications for light field atoms and sparse coding, including 4D light field compression and denoising.
Semantic Discourse Analysis

Before we try to specify how to give a semantic analysis of discourse, we must define what semantic analysis is and what kinds of semantic analysis can be distinguished. Such a definition will be as complex as the number of semantic theories in the various disciplines involved in the study of language: linguistics and grammar, the philosophy of language, logic, cognitive psychology, and sociology, each with several competing semantic theories. These theories will be different according to their object of analysis, their aims, and their methods. Yet, they will also have some common properties that allow us to call them semantic theories. In this chapter I first enumerate more or less intuitively a number of these common properties, then select some of them for further theoretical analysis, and finally apply the theoretical notions in actual semantic analyses of some discourse fragments. In the most general sense, semantics is a component theory within a larger semiotic theory about meaningful, symbolic, behavior. Hence we have not only a semantics of natural language utterances or acts, but also of nonverbal or paraverbal behavior, such as gestures, pictures and films, logical systems or computer languages, sign languages of the deaf, and perhaps social interaction in general. In this chapter we consider only the semantics of natural-language utterances, that is, discourses, and their component elements, such as words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, and other identifiable discourse units. Other semiotic aspects of verbal and nonverbal communication are treated elsewhere in this Handbook. Probably the most general concept used to denote the specific object
A portable, arbitrary waveform, multichannel constant current electrotactile stimulator

In this paper, we present the design and performance of a portable, arbitrary waveform, multichannel constant current electrotactile stimulator that costs less than $30 in components. The stimulator consists of a stimulation controller and power supply that are less than half the size of a credit card and can produce ±15 mA at ±150 V. The design is easily extensible to multiple independent channels that can receive an arbitrary waveform input from a digital-to-analog converter, drawing only 0.9 W/channel (lasting 4–5 hours upon continuous stimulation using a 9 V battery). Finally, we compare the performance of our stimulator to similar stimulators both commercially available and developed in research.
Computer science principles: analysis of a proposed advanced placement course

In this paper we analyze the CS Principles project, a proposed Advanced Placement course, by focusing on the second pilot that took place in 2011-2012. In a previous publication the first pilot of the course was explained, but not in a context related to relevant educational research and philosophy. In this paper we analyze the content and the pedagogical approaches used in the second pilot of the project. We include information about the third pilot being conducted in 2012-2013 and the portfolio exam that is part of that pilot. Both the second and third pilots provide evidence that the CS Principles course is succeeding in changing how computer science is taught and to whom it is taught.
Impact of grounding the bottom oxide protection layer on the short-circuit ruggedness of 4H-SiC trench MOSFETs

This paper investigates the effects of grounding the p-type gate-oxide protection layer called bottom p-well (BPW) of a trench-gate SiC-MOSFET on the short-circuit ruggedness of the device. The BPW is grounded by forming ground contacts in various cell layouts, and the layout of the contact cells is found to be a significant factor that determines the short-circuit safe operation area (SCSOA) of a device. By grounding the BPW in an optimized cell layout, an SCSOA of over 10 μs is obtained at room temperature. Further investigation revealed that minimizing the distance between the ground contacts for the BPW is a key to developing a highly-robust, high-performance power device.
Representation Learning by Learning to Count

We introduce a novel method for representation learning that uses an artificial supervision signal based on counting visual primitives. This supervision signal is obtained from an equivariance relation, which does not require any manual annotation. We relate transformations of images to transformations of the representations. More specifically, we look for the representation that satisfies such relation rather than the transformations that match a given representation. In this paper, we use two image transformations in the context of counting: scaling and tiling. The first transformation exploits the fact that the number of visual primitives should be invariant to scale. The second transformation allows us to equate the total number of visual primitives in each tile to that in the whole image. These two transformations are combined in one constraint and used to train a neural network with a contrastive loss. The proposed task produces representations that perform on par or exceed the state of the art in transfer learning benchmarks.
Marginality and Problem-Solving Effectiveness in Broadcast Search

We examine who the winners are in science problem solving contests characterized by open broadcast of problem information, self-selection of external solvers to discrete problems from the laboratories of large R&D intensive companies and blind review of solution submissions. Analyzing a unique dataset of 166 science challenges involving over 12,000 scientists revealed that technical and social marginality, being a source of different perspectives and heuristics, plays an important role in explaining individual success in problem solving. The provision of a winning solution was positively related to increasing distance between the solver’s field of technical expertise and the focal field of the problem. Female solvers – known to be in the “outer circle” of the scientific establishment performed significantly better than men in developing successful solutions. Our findings contribute to the emerging literature on open and distributed innovation by demonstrating the value of openness, at least narrowly defined by disclosing problems, in removing barriers to entry to non-obvious individuals. We also contribute to the knowledge-based theory of the firm by showing the effectiveness of a market-mechanism to draw out knowledge from diverse external sources to solve internal problems
Non-Photorealistic Rendering and the science of art

I argue that Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) research will play a key role in the scientific understanding of visual art and illustration. NPR can contribute to scientific understanding of two kinds of problems: how do artists create imagery, and how do observers respond to artistic imagery? I sketch out some of the open problems, how NPR can help, and what some possible theories might look like. Additionally, I discuss the thorny problem of how to evaluate NPR research and theories.
Named Entity Recognition from Tweets

Entries in microblogging sites are very short. For example, a ‘tweet’ (a post or status update on the popular microblogging site Twitter) can contain at most 140 characters. To comply with this restriction, users frequently use abbreviations to express their thoughts, thus producing sentences that are often poorly structured or ungrammatical. As a result, it becomes a challenge to come up with methods for automatically identifying named entities (names of persons, organizations, locations etc.). In this study, we use a four-step approach to automatic named entity recognition from microposts. First, we do some preprocessing of the micropost (e.g. replace abbreviations with actual words). Then we use an off-the-shelf part-of-speech tagger to tag the nouns. Next, we use the Google Search API to retrieve sentences containing the tagged nouns. Finally, we run a standard Named Entity Recognizer (NER) on the retrieved sentences. The tagged nouns are returned along with the tags assigned by the NER. This simple approach, using readily available components, yields promising results on standard benchmark data.
A cyclical evaluation model of information security maturity

The lack of a security evaluation method might expose organizations to several risky situations. This paper aims at presenting a cyclical evaluation model of information security maturity.  This model was developed through the definition of a set of steps to be followed in order to obtain periodical evaluation of maturity and continuous improvement of controls.  This model is based on controls present in ISO/IEC 27002, provides a means to measure the current situation of information security management through the use of a maturity model and provides a subsidy to take appropriate and feasible improvement actions, based on risks. A case study is performed and the results indicate that the method is efficient for evaluating the current state of information security, to support information security management, risks identification and business and internal control processes.  It is possible that modifications to the process may be needed where there is less understanding of security requirements, such as in a less mature organization.  This paper presents a generic model applicable to all kinds of organizations. The main contribution of this paper is the use of a maturity scale allied to the cyclical process of evaluation, providing the generation of immediate indicators for the management of information security. !
A Framework for Push-Grasping in Clutter

Humans use a remarkable set of strategies to manipulate objects in clutter. We pick up, push, slide, and sweep with our hands and arms to rearrange clutter surrounding our primary task. But our robots treat the world like the Tower of Hanoi — moving with pick-and-place actions and fearful to interact with it with anything but rigid grasps. This produces inefficient plans and is often inapplicable with heavy, large, or otherwise ungraspable objects. We introduce a framework for planning in clutter that uses a library of actions inspired by human strategies. The action library is derived analytically from the mechanics of pushing and is provably conservative. The framework reduces the problem to one of combinatorial search, and demonstrates planning times on the order of seconds. With the extra functionality, our planner succeeds where traditional grasp planners fail, and works under high uncertainty by utilizing the funneling effect of pushing. We demonstrate our results with experiments in simulation and on HERB, a robotic platform developed at the Personal Robotics Lab at Carnegie Mellon University.
Sparse MRI: The application of compressed sensing for rapid MR imaging.

The sparsity which is implicit in MR images is exploited to significantly undersample k-space. Some MR images such as angiograms are already sparse in the pixel representation; other, more complicated images have a sparse representation in some transform domain-for example, in terms of spatial finite-differences or their wavelet coefficients. According to the recently developed mathematical theory of compressed-sensing, images with a sparse representation can be recovered from randomly undersampled k-space data, provided an appropriate nonlinear recovery scheme is used. Intuitively, artifacts due to random undersampling add as noise-like interference. In the sparse transform domain the significant coefficients stand out above the interference. A nonlinear thresholding scheme can recover the sparse coefficients, effectively recovering the image itself. In this article, practical incoherent undersampling schemes are developed and analyzed by means of their aliasing interference. Incoherence is introduced by pseudo-random variable-density undersampling of phase-encodes. The reconstruction is performed by minimizing the l(1) norm of a transformed image, subject to data fidelity constraints. Examples demonstrate improved spatial resolution and accelerated acquisition for multislice fast spin-echo brain imaging and 3D contrast enhanced angiography.