nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
TADAM: Task dependent adaptive metric for improved few-shot learning

Few-shot learning has become essential for producing models that generalize from few examples. In this work, we identify that metric scaling and metric task conditioning are important to improve the performance of few-shot algorithms. Our analysis reveals that simple metric scaling completely changes the nature of few-shot algorithm parameter updates. Metric scaling provides improvements up to 14% in accuracy for certain metrics on the mini-Imagenet 5-way 5-shot classification task. We further propose a simple and effective way of conditioning a learner on the task sample set, resulting in learning a task-dependent metric space. Moreover, we propose and empirically test a practical end-to-end optimization procedure based on auxiliary task co-training to learn a task-dependent metric space. The resulting few-shot learning model based on the task-dependent scaled metric achieves state of the art on mini-Imagenet. We confirm these results on another few-shot dataset that we introduce in this paper based on CIFAR100.
Wembedder: Wikidata entity embedding web service

I present a web service for querying an embedding of entities in the Wikidata knowledge graph. The embedding is trained on the Wikidata dump using Gensim’s Word2Vec implementation and a simple graph walk. A REST API is implemented. Together with the Wikidata API the web service exposes a multilingual resource for over 600’000 Wikidata items and properties.
Sociocultural critique of Piaget and Vygotsky

Piaget has su!ered a great deal of criticism that his theory of psychological development neglects the social nature of human development. Much of this criticism has come from researchers following a Vygotskian approach and comparing Piaget's approach unfavorably with that of Vygotsky. Smith (1995) refers us to Piaget's collected articles on sociology (Piaget, 1995) to argue convincingly that it is oversimpli"cation and misunderstanding to assume Piaget's neglect of the social nature of human development. We want to o!er our own critique of both Piaget and Vygotsky from a new, sociocultural perspective, recently emerging in several disciplines of social sciences (Heath, 1983; Latour, 1987; Lave & Wenger, 1991; McDermott, 1993; Rogo!, 1990). We do not consider ourselves followers of Vygotsky's theory but of a sociocultural approach, despite the fact that the sociocultural approach is itself heavily built on and in#uenced by Vygotsky's work. For a while, a sociocultural approach was an invisible by-product of e!orts by mainly US psychologists like Cole (1978), Wertsch (1985), Scribner (1984), Rogo! and Wertsch (1984) and others to reconstruct and continue Vygotsky's paradigm. Just as the medieval endeavor to bring a renaissance of ancient Greek art and culture gave birth to a new art and a new culture, we argue that the renaissance of Vygotsky has gradually produced a new theoretical approach* namely the sociocultural. Initial critiques of Piaget from a Vygotskyian perspective came when the sociocultural approach was into the earlier phases of development, when `psychologistsa2 were `increasingly interested in the e!ects of the social context of individuals' cognitive developmenta (Tudge & Rogo!, 1989, p. 17). In contrast, from a current sociocultural perspective, cognitive development is embedded in social contexts and their separation is considered impossible and, thus, cannot have `e!ectsa. Like Smith, we claim that there is an overlooked similarity between Piaget and Vygotsky. However, from a recent sociocultural perspective, we associate these similarities with a shared failure to recognize the unity of cognition and social context. Our paper is primarily
Big Data Summarization Using Semantic Feture for IoT on Cloud

Data management is a crucial aspect in the Internet of Things (IoT) on Cloud. Big data is about the processing and analysis of large data repositories on Cloud computing. Big document summarization method is an important technique for data management of IoT. Traditional document summarization methods are restricted to summarize suitable information from the exploding IoT big data on Cloud. This paper proposes a big data (i.e., documents, texts) summarization method using the extracted semantic feature which it is extracted by distributed parallel processing of NMF based cloud technique of Hadoop. The proposed method can well represent the inherent structure of big documents set using the semantic feature by the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). In addition, it can summarize the big data size of document for IoT using the distributed parallel processing based on Hadoop. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can summarize the big data document comparing with the single node of summarization methods.
[ 151 ] Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—fourth Edition Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—fourth Edition

scores at high levels of adaptive functioning will have poorer precision (i.e., higher SEMs) than those at low levels.  The Vineland–II was designed to be an easily used, standardized measure of key domains of adaptive behavior–Communication, Daily Living Skills, and Socialization–that play a prominent role in the diagnosis of mental retardation and other developmental disabilities. The instrument clearly meets its goals of ease of use, clear procedures for the calculation of both raw and scaled scores, and clear and comprehensive information regarding its reliability and validity. The Vineland–II deserves to be considered among the best measures of adaptive behavior currently available, and the use of this instrument for making high-stakes decisions regarding individuals is recommended.  " Designed to assess the cognitive ability of adolescents and adults " ; " provides subtest and composite scores that represent intellectual functioning in specific cognitive domains, as well as a composite score that represents general intellectual ability. "  Ages 16-0 to 90-11.  The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) is the most recent version of the most frequently administered intelligence test for older adolescents and adults, which traces its roots back to the 1939 Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1939). Consistent with Wechsler's definition of intelligence (i.e., " global capacity " ; Wechsler, 1939, p. 229) and all versions of his tests, the WAIS-IV seeks to measure general intelligence through the administration of numerous subtests, each of which is an indicator and estimate of intelligence. The WAIS-IV is a major and important revision of its predecessor and clinicians should appreciate many of the changes.  In revising the WAIS-IV, several goals were noted in the technical and interpretive manual including updating theoretical foundations, increasing developmental appropriate-ness, increasing user-friendliness, enhancing clinical utility, and improving psychometric features. Object Assembly and Picture Arrangement subtests were dropped, thus reducing subtests with manipula-tive objects to one (Block Design), as were Digit Symbol-Incidental Learning and Digit Symbol-Copy. New subtests to the WAIS-IV are Visual Puzzles, Figure Weights, and Cancellation. Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Performance IQ (PIQ) are no longer provided as with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition (WISC-IV; 16:262). Administration and scoring rules were modified, easier and more difficult items were added to subtests to improve coverage and range, and discontinue rules were reduced for many subtests. Stimulus materials were enlarged as was writing space for Coding. Item bias investigations were reportedly conducted but data …
Generative Adversarial Neural Networks for Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Skin Lesions Detection in Clinical Images

Skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies in fair skin population. It can be divided in two main classes: melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. This means that pigmented and, also, non-pigmented skin lesions might raise an important risk. Due to the fact that melanoma is more aggressive, pigmented skin lesions gained more attention in terms of automatic diagnosis. One of the most important steps in this procedure is to correctly identify the skin lesion in an image (acquired with a dermoscope or a standard camera). Based on the accurate identification of the lesion, specific automatic algorithms for cancer diagnosis can be developed. In this paper we propose and evaluate an artificial intelligence method for pigmented and non-pigmented lesion segmentation. The method uses generative adversarial neural networks. The network was trained and tested on a large set of images acquired with smartphone cameras. The results show that approximately 92% of the lesions are correctly identified on the test set.
On Incremental High Utility Sequential Pattern Mining

High utility sequential pattern (HUSP) mining is an emerging topic in pattern mining, and only a few algorithms have been proposed to address it. In practice, most sequence databases usually grow over time, and it is inefficient for existing algorithms to mine HUSPs from scratch when databases grow with a small portion of updates. In view of this, we propose the IncUSP-Miner+ algorithm to mine HUSPs incrementally. Specifically, to avoid redundant re-computations, we propose a tighter upper bound of the utility of a sequence, called Tight Sequence Utility (TSU), and then we design a novel data structure, called the candidate pattern tree, to buffer the sequences whose TSU values are greater than or equal to the minimum utility threshold in the original database. Accordingly, to avoid keeping a huge amount of utility information for each sequence, a set of concise utility information is designed to be stored in each tree node. To improve the mining efficiency, several strategies are proposed to reduce the amount of computation for utility update and the scopes of database scans. Moreover, several strategies are also proposed to properly adjust the candidate pattern tree for the support of multiple database updates. Experimental results on some real and synthetic datasets show that IncUSP-Miner+ is able to efficiently mine HUSPs incrementally.
Activity-based costing / management and its implications for operations management

Activity-Based Costing/Management (ABC/M) is an Information System developed in the 1980s to overcome some of the limitations of traditional cost accounting and to enhance its usefulness to strategic decision-making. In this paper, we show how an ABC/M system can serve as a useful information system to support effective operations decision-making processes. We propose a conceptual framework, Operations Hexagon, to discuss the managerial implications of an ABC/M system for various operations management decisions related to product planning and design, quality management and control, inventory management, capacity management and work force management. By viewing an ABC/M system as an enabler to improve the operations decision-making, we demonstrate that these systems enable an operations manager to enhance the quality of the decision-making process.
Internal penetration testing of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) for preventing vulnerabilities exploitation

Penetration testing is the process of detecting computer vulnerabilities and gaining access and data on targeted computer systems with goal to detect vulnerabilities and security issues and proactively protect system. In this paper we presented case of internal penetration test which helped to proactively prevent potential weaknesses of targeted system with inherited vulnerabilities which is Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). Many organizations suffer great losses due to risk materialization because of missing implementing standards for information security that includes patching, change management, active monitoring and penetration testing, with goal of better dealing with security vulnerabilities. With BYOD policy in place companies taking greater risk appetite allowing mobile device to be used on corporate networks. In this paper we described how we used network hacking techniques for penetration testing for the right cause which is to prevent potential misuse of computer vulnerabilities. This paper shows how different techniques and tools can be jointly used in step by step process to successfully perform penetration testing analysis and reporting.
Applying Stakeholder Theory to e-Government - Benefits and Limits

The notion of the "stakeholders" of the firm has drawn ever-increasing attention since Freeman published his seminal book on Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach in 1984. In the understanding of most scholars in the field, stakeholder theory is not a special theory on a firm's constituencies but sets out to replace today's prevailing neoclassical economic concept of the firm. As such, it is seen as the superior theory of the firm. Though stakeholder theory explicitly is a theory on the firm, that is, on a private sector entity, some scholars try to apply it to public sector organizations, and, in particular, to e-government settings. This paper summarizes stakeholder theory, discusses its premises and justifications, compares its tracks, sheds light on recent attempts to join the two tracks, and discusses the benefits and limits of its practical applicability to the public sector using the case of a recent e-government initiative in New York State.
Improving Sponsor's Experience in Reward-Based Crowdfunding: A Psychological Ownership Perspective

Psychological ownership brings new perspective to understand individual behaviors in organization, team, and the information system areas. In this research we use this theory to investigate how to improve sponsor experience in the context of reward-based crowdfunding. We propose that psychological ownership is one important mental state for sponsors in crowdfunding. The research model in this study shows that psychological ownership could predict sponsor’s commitment to project and continuous intention to contribute to it. Sponsors can develop the feeling of psychological ownership through three routes, i.e., perceived control, intimate knowing, and self-investment. In addition, social capital (sponsor expertise, social trust in entrepreneur and social ties) and social interaction (sponsor participation and entrepreneur activeness) are hypothesized to be important antecedents to the routes to psychological ownership in crowdfunding. The research model and hypotheses will be tested with survey data from www.zhongchou.cn, a famous crowdfunding platform in China. The expected research findings would provide interesting implications for research and practice.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Reverted Wikipedia Edits

Little is known about what causes anti-social behavior online. The paper at hand analyzes vandalism and damage in Wikipedia with regard to the time it is conducted and the country it originates from. First, we identify vandalism and damaging edits via ex post facto evidence by mining Wikipedia’s revert graph. Second, we geolocate the cohort of edits from anonymous Wikipedia editors using their associated IP addresses and edit times, showing the feasibility of reliable historic geolocation with respect to country and time zone, even under limited geolocation data. Third, we conduct the first spatiotemporal analysis of vandalism on Wikipedia. Our analysis reveals significant differences for vandalism activities during the day, and for different days of the week, seasons, countries of origin, as well as Wikipedia’s languages. For the analyzed countries, the ratio is typically highest at nonsummer workday mornings, with additional peaks after break times. We hence assume that Wikipedia vandalism is linked to labor, perhaps serving as relief from stress or boredom, whereas cultural differences have a large effect. Our results open up avenues for new research on collaborative writing at scale, and advanced technologies to identify and handle antisocial behavior in online communities.
Production of Plaques in Monolayer Tissue Cultures by Single Particles of an Animal Virus.

For the first half century of animal virology, the major problem was lack of a simple method for quantitating infectious virus particles; the only method available at that time was some form or other of the serial-dilution end-point method in animals, all of which were both slow and expensive. Cloned cultured animal cells, which began to be available around 1950, provided Dulbecco with a new approach. He adapted the technique developed by Emory Ellis and Max Delbrück for assaying bacteriophage, that is, seeding serial dilutions of a given virus population onto a confluent lawn of host cells, to the measurement of Western equine encephalitis virus, and demonstrated that it also formed easily countable plaques in monolayers of chick embryo fibroblasts. The impact of this finding was enormous; animal virologists had been waiting for such a technique for decades. It was immediately found to be widely applicable to many types of cells and most viruses, gained quick acceptance, and is widely regarded as marking the beginning of molecular animal virology. Renato Dulbecco was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1975. W. K. JOKLIK
Innovation Ecosystems and the Pace of Substitution: Re-Examining Technology S-Curves

Why do some new technologies emerge and quickly supplant incumbent technologies while others take years or decades to take off? We explore this question by presenting a framework that considers both the focal competing technologies as well as the ecosystems in which they are embedded. Within our framework, each episode of technology transition is characterized by the ecosystem emergence challenge that confronts the new technology and the ecosystem extension opportunity that is available to the old technology. We identify four qualitatively distinct regimes with clear predictions for the pace of substitution. Evidence from 10 episodes of technology transitions in the semiconductor lithography equipment industry from 1972 to 2009 offers strong support for our framework. We discuss the implication of our approach for firm strategy. Disciplines Management Sciences and Quantitative  This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/mgmt_papers/179 Innovation Ecosystems and the Pace of Substitution: Re-examining Technology S-curves Ron Adner Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College Strategy and Management 100 Tuck Hall Hanover, NH 03755, USA Tel: 1 603 646 9185
Comparison of Hierarchical and Non-Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms

Along with the developments in the field of information technologies, the data in the electronic environment is increasing. Data mining methods are needed to obtain useful information for users in electronic environment. One of these methods, clustering methods, aims to group data according to common properties. This grouping is often based on the distance between the data. Clustering methods are divided into hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods according to the fragmentation technique of clusters. The success of both types of clustering methods varies according to the data set applied. In this study, both types of methods were tested on different type of data sets. Selected methods compared according to five different evaluation metrics. The results of the analysis are presented comparatively at the end of the study and which methods are more convenient for data set is explained.
Ride Comfort of Transrapid Vehicles in Shanghai ( * )

According to the international standards ISO2631 and UIC513, the ride comfort of maglev vehicle is generally evaluated by vibration which reflects general dynamic performance of maglev system. The vibration is mainly generated by the interaction of vehicle-guideway and transmitted through the vehicle suspension system into the car body. Assessment measurement for ride comfort was carried out at the speeds from 100km/h to 500km/h in Shanghai in July and Nov. 2003. The statistic evaluation has shown good ride comfort and good dynamic performance of maglev system.
HAND GESTURE RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR DISABLED PEOPLE USING ARDUINO

One of the important problems that our society facing is people with disabilities which are finding hard to cope up with the fast growing technology. About nine billion people in the world are deaf and dumb. Communications between deaf-dumb and a normal person have always been a challenging task. Generally deaf and dumb people use sign language for communication, Sign language is an expressive and natural way for communication between normal and dumb people. Some peoples are easily able to get the information from their motions. The remaining is not able to understand their way of conveying the message. In order to overcome the complexity, the artificial mouth is introduced for the dumb people. So, we need a translator to understand what they speak and communicate with us. Hence makes the communication between normal person and disabled people easier. This work aims to lower the barrier of disabled persons in communication. The main aim of this proposed work is to develop a cost effective system which can give voice to voiceless people with the help of Sign language. In the proposed work, the captured images are processed through MATLAB in PC and converted into speech through speaker and text in LCD by interfacing with Arduino. Keyword : Disabled people, Sign language, Image Processing, Arduino, LCD display, Speaker.
Building Multiversal Semantic Maps for Mobile Robot Operation

Semantic maps augment metric-topological maps with meta-information, i.e. semantic knowledge aimed at the planning and execution of high-level robotic tasks. Semantic knowledge typically encodes human-like concepts, like types of objects and rooms, which are connected to sensory data when symbolic representations of percepts from the robot workspace are grounded to those concepts. This symbol grounding is usually carried out by algorithms that individually categorize each symbol and provide a crispy outcome – a symbol is either a member of a category or not. Such approach is valid for a variety of tasks, but it fails at: (i) dealing with the uncertainty inherent to the grounding process, and (ii) jointly exploiting the contextual relations among concepts (e.g. microwaves are usually in kitchens). This work provides a solution for probabilistic symbol grounding that overcomes these limitations. Concretely, we rely on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) to model and exploit contextual relations, and to provide measurements about the uncertainty coming from the possible groundings in the form of beliefs (e.g. an object can be categorized (grounded) as a microwave or as a nightstand with beliefs 0.6 and 0.4, respectively). Our solution is integrated into a novel semantic map representation called Multiversal Semantic Map (MvSmap ), which keeps the different groundings, or universes, as instances of ontologies annotated with the obtained beliefs for their posterior exploitation. The suitability of our proposal has been proven with the Robot@Home dataset, a repository that contains challenging multi-modal sensory information gathered by a mobile robot in home environments.