nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
High boost ratio hybrid transformer DC-DC converter for photovoltaic module applications

This paper presents a non-isolated, high boost ratio hybrid transformer dc-dc converter with applications for low voltage renewable energy sources. The proposed converter utilizes a hybrid transformer to transfer the inductive and capacitive energy simultaneously, achieving a high boost ratio with a smaller size magnetic component. As a result of incorporating the resonant operation mode into the traditional high boost ratio PWM converter, the turn off loss of the switch is reduced, increasing the efficiency of the converter under all load conditions. The input current ripple is also reduced because of the linear-sinusoidal hybrid waveforms. The voltage stresses on the active switch and diodes are maintained at a low level and are independent of the changing input voltage over a wide range as a result of the resonant capacitor transferring energy to the output. The effectiveness of the proposed converter was experimentally verified using a 220 W prototype circuit. Utilizing an input voltage ranging from 20V to 45V and a load range of 30W to 220W, the experimental results show system of efficiencies greater than 96% with a peak efficiency of 97.4% at 35V input, 160W output. Because of high efficiency over wide output power range and the ability to operate with a wide variable input voltage, the proposed converter is an attractive design for alternative low dc voltage energy sources, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) modules.
Whole-Body Pose Estimation in Human Bicycle Riding Using a Small Set of Wearable Sensors

Tracking whole-body human pose in physical human-machine interactions is challenging because of highly dimensional human motions and lack of inexpensive, nonintrusive motion sensors in outdoor environment. In this paper, we present a computational scheme to estimate the human whole-body pose with application to bicycle riding using a small set of wearable sensors. The estimation scheme is built on the fusion of gyroscopes, accelerometers, force sensors, and physical rider-bicycle interaction constraints through an extended Kalman filter design. The use of physical rider-bicycle interaction constraints helps not only eliminate the integration drifts of inertial sensor measurements but also reduce the number of the needed wearable sensors for pose estimation. For each set of the upper and the lower limb, only one tri-axial gyroscope is needed to accurately obtain the 3-D pose information. The drift-free, reliable estimation performance is demonstrated through both indoor and outdoor riding experiments.
Survey on sportsperson positional marking system

In the modern era game of professional and amateur basketball, automated statistical positional marking, referral in actual time and video footage analysis for the same have become a part and parcel for the game. Every pre-match discussion is dominated by extensive study of the opponent's defensive and offensive formation, plays and metrics. A computerized video analysis is required for this reason as it will provide a concise guide for analysis. In addition there is a serious impact on the game due to dubious call by referees on real time judgemental calls. A video analysis will make real time video referrals a possibility. Thus in a nutshell a player positional marking system can generate statistical data for strategic planning and achieve proper rule enforcement. This research presents survey on available sports system which tries to place the point of sportsperson.
Extracting Text from PostScript

Finding structure in multiple streams of data is an important problem. Consider the streams of data flowing from a robot’s sensors, the monitors in an intensive care unit, or periodic measurements of various indicators of the health of the economy. There is clearly utility in determining how current and past values in those streams are related to future values. We formulate the problem of finding structure in multiple streams of categorical data as search over the space of dependenceies, unexpectedly frequent or Internal data in parentheses Word fragments No spaces Figure 2 A PostScript document and the text extracted from it a /show { print } def Findingstructureinmultiplestreamsofdataisanimportant problem.Considerthestreamsofdata§owingfromarobot' ssensors,themonitorsinanintensivecareunit,orperiodi cmeasurementsofvariousindicatorsofthehealthofthee conomy.Thereisclearlyutilityindetermininghowcurrenta ndpastvaluesinthosestreamsarerelatedtofuturevalues b /show { print ( ) print } def Finding structure in m ultiple streams of data is an imp ortan t problem. Consider the streams of data §o wing from a rob ot's sensors, the monitors in an in tensiv e care unit, or p erio dic measuremen ts of v arious indicators of the health of the econom y . There is clearly utilit y in determining ho w curren t and past v alues in those streams are related to future v alues
Improved Pattern Learning for Bootstrapped Entity Extraction

Bootstrapped pattern learning for entity extraction usually starts with seed entities and iteratively learns patterns and entities from unlabeled text. Patterns are scored by their ability to extract more positive entities and less negative entities. A problem is that due to the lack of labeled data, unlabeled entities are either assumed to be negative or are ignored by the existing pattern scoring measures. In this paper, we improve pattern scoring by predicting the labels of unlabeled entities. We use various unsupervised features based on contrasting domain-specific and general text, and exploiting distributional similarity and edit distances to learned entities. Our system outperforms existing pattern scoring algorithms for extracting drug-andtreatment entities from four medical forums.
Knowledge Graphs in the Libraries and Digital Humanities Domain

Knowledge graphs represent concepts (e.g., people, places, events) and their semantic relationships. As a data structure, they underpin a digital information system, support users in resource discovery and retrieval, and are useful for navigation and visualization purposes. Within the libaries and humanities domain, knowledge graphs are typically rooted in knowledge organization systems, which have a century-old tradition and have undergone their digital transformation with the advent of the Web and Linked Data. Being exposed to the Web, metadata and concept definitions are now forming an interconnected and decentralized global knowledge network that can be curated and enriched by community-driven editorial processes. In the future, knowledge graphs could be vehicles for formalizing and connecting findings and insights derived from the analysis of possibly large-scale corpora in the libraries and digital humanities domain.
T-Linkage: A Continuous Relaxation of J-Linkage for Multi-model Fitting

This paper presents an improvement of the J-linkage algorithm for fitting multiple instances of a model to noisy data corrupted by outliers. The binary preference analysis implemented by J-linkage is replaced by a continuous (soft, or fuzzy) generalization that proves to perform better than J-linkage on simulated data, and compares favorably with state of the art methods on public domain real datasets.
Data Modelling versus Ontology Engineering

Ontologies in current computer science parlance are computer based resources that represent agreed domain semantics. Unlike data models, the fundamental asset of ontologies is their relative independence of particular applications, i.e. an ontology consists of relatively generic knowledge that can be reused by different kinds of applications/tasks. The first part of this paper concerns some aspects that help to understand the differences and similarities between ontologies and data models. In the second part we present an ontology engineering framework that supports and favours the genericity of an ontology. We introduce the DOGMA ontology engineering approach that separates "atomic" conceptual relations from "predicative" domain rules. A DOGMA ontology consists of an ontology base that holds sets of intuitive context-specific conceptual relations and a layer of "relatively generic" ontological commitments that hold the domain rules. This constitutes what we shall call the double articulation of a DOGMA ontology 1.
Building a Scaffold: Semiosis in Nature and Culture

The notion of “semiotic scaffolding”, introduced into the semiotic discussions by Jesper Hoffmeyer in December of 2000, is proving to be one of the single most important concepts for the development of semiotics as we seek to understand the full extent of semiosis and the dependence of evolution, particularly in the living world, thereon. I say “particularly in the living world”, because there has been from the first a stubborn resistance among semioticians to seeing how a semiosis prior to and/or independent of living beings is possible. Yet the universe began in a state not only lifeless but incapable of supporting life, and somehow “moved” from there in the direction of being able to sustain life and finally of actually doing so. Wherever dyadic interactions result indirectly in a new condition that either moves the universe closer to being able to sustain life, or moves life itself in the direction not merely of sustaining itself but opening the way to new forms of life, we encounter a “thirdness” in nature of exactly the sort that semiosic triadicity alone can explain. This is the process, both within and without the living world, that requires scaffolding. This essay argues that a fuller understanding of this concept shows why “semiosis” says clearly what “evolution” says obscurely.
Effect of reservoir on electromigration of short interconnects

As the interconnect cross-sections are ever scaled down, a particular care must be taken on the tradeoff between increase of current density in the back end of line and reliability to prevent electromigration (EM). Some lever exists as the well-known Blech effect . One can take advantage of the EM induced backflow flux that counters the EM flux. As a consequence, the total net flux in the line is reduced and additional current density in designs can be allowed in short lines. However, the immortality condition is most of the time addressed with a standard test structures ended by two vias [2]–[3]. Designs present complex configurations far from this typical case and the Blech product (jL)c can be deteriorated or enhanced [4]. In the present paper, we present our study of EM performances of short lines ended by an inactive end of line (EOL) at one end of the test structure. Significant differences on the median time to failure (MTF) are observed with respect to the current direction, from a quasi deletion of failure to a significant reduction of the Blech effect. Based on the resistance saturation, a method is proposed to determine effective lengths of inactive EOL configurations corresponding to the standard case.
The Design and Implementation of Datagram TLS

A number of applications have emerged over recent years that use datagram transport. These applications include real time video conferencing, Internet telephony, and online games such as Quake and StarCraft. These applications are all delay sensitive and use unreliable datagram transport. Applications that are based on reliable transport can be secured using TLS, but no compelling alternative exists for securing datagram based applications. In this paper we present DTLS, a datagram capable version of TLS. DTLS is extremely similar to TLS and therefore allows reuse of pre-existing protocol infrastructure. Our experimental results show that DTLS adds minimal overhead to a previously non-DTLS capable application.
Interconnected dynamic systems: An overview on distributed control

Control problems such as multirobot control, distributed intelligence, swarm intelligence, distributed decision, distributed cognition, congestion control in networks, collective motion in biology, oscillator synchronization in physics, parallelization in optimization theory, distributed estimation, cooperative estimation, equilibria in economics, social interaction modeling, and game theory may be analyzed under the theory of interconnected dynamic systems. Those topics have several overlapping research communities; for that reason they are characterized by different definitions and a variety of approaches ranging from rigorous mathematical analysis to trial-and-error experimental study or emulation by observation of natural phenomena. The areas involved concern robotics, dynamic systems, computer science, signal theory, biology, economics, and mathematics. A shared taxonomy is missing; for example, dynamic systems can be identified in robots, agents, nodes, processors, and entities. An ensemble is called a group, network, platoon, swarm, team, and cluster, and the algorithms are defined as controllers, protocols, and dynamics. In the following, the term agent is used to denote the single dynamic system and network or collective the ensemble.
A Study of Ant Colony Optimization for Image Compression

Ravi.P Head, Department of computer science, Govt .Arts College for Women, Ramanathapuram E-Mail: peeravig@yahoo.co.in Tamilselvi.S Department of computer science, Govt .Arts College for Women, Ramanathapuram E-Mail: aiswrayapriya12@yahoo.co.in -------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------------Images are an important form of data and are used in almost every application. Images occupy large amount of memory space. Image compression is most essential requirement for efficient utilization of storage space and transmission bandwidth. Image compression technique involves reducing the size of the image without degrading the quality of the image. A restriction on these methods is the high computational cost of image compression. Ant colony optimization is applied for image compression. An analogy with the real ants' behavior was presented as a new paradigm called Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). ACO is Probabilistic technique for Searching for optimal path in the graph based on behavior of ants seeking a path between their colony and source of food. The main features of ACO are the fast search of good solutions, parallel work and use of heuristic information, among others. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a technique which can be used for various applications. This paper provides an insight optimization techniques used for image compression like Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm.
PC-based PID speed control in DC motor

This paper presents a LabVIEW-aided PID designed controller to monitor DC motor speed and uses the software simulation of VisSim to analysis its response. First, design the drive circuit of DC motor and as the feedback signal through the photo sensor and 8051 chip modules to produce rotational speed signal, and show from SEG7 displays. To take out the analog signal through D/A converter at the same time, acquire the signal via the NIDAQ USB-6008 card. By the LabVIEW-aided PID controller, the parameters are adjusted to control the motor speed. The front panel will display the speed of DC motor on the screen. The simulation results are quite match with the theoretical prediction for the behavior of the PID controller. In this proposed paper, it demonstrates the humanized operation interface that not only can replace the traditional instrument, but also facilitate the amateur engineer's operation under the remote control and monitor.
UriSed 3 and UX-2000 automated urine sediment analyzers vs manual microscopic method: A comparative performance analysis.

Fully automated urine analyzers now play an important role in routine urinalysis in most laboratories. The recently introduced UriSed 3 has a new automated digital imaging urine sediment analyzer with a phase contrast feature. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the UriSed 3 and UX-2000 automated urine sediment analyzers with each other and with the results of the manual microscopic method.



Two hundred seventy-seven (277) samples of leftover fresh urine from our hospital's central laboratory were evaluated by two automated urine sediment analyzers-UriSed 3 and UX-2000. The results of urine sediment analysis were compared between the two automated analyzers and against the results of the manual microscopic method.



Both devices demonstrated excellent agreement for quantitative measurement of red blood cells and white blood cells. UX-2000 had a lower coefficient correlation and demonstrated slightly lower agreement for squamous epithelial cells. Regarding semiquantitative analysis, both machines demonstrated very good concordance, with all applicable rates within one grade difference of the other machine. UriSed 3 had higher sensitivity for small round cells, while UX-2000 showed greater sensitivity for detecting bacteria and hyaline casts. UriSed 3 demonstrated slightly better specificity, especially in the detection of hyaline and pathological casts.



Both instruments had nearly similar performance for red blood cells and white blood cells measurement. UriSed 3 was more reliable for measuring squamous epithelial cells and small round cells, while the UX-2000 was more accurate for detecting bacteria and hyaline casts.
An Open Implementation of Profibus DP

This paper presents a project named PBMaster, which provides an open implementation of the Profibus DP (Process Field Bus Decentralized Peripherals). The project implements a software implementation of this very popular fieldbus used in factory automation. Most Profibus solutions, especially those implementing the master station, are based on ASICs, which require bespoke hardware to be built solely for the purpose of Profibus from the outset. Conversely, this software implementation can run on a wide range of hardware, where the UART and RS-485 standards are present.
Biologically Inspired Locomotion Strategies: Novel Ground Mobile Robots at RoMeLa

This paper presents some of the ground mobile robots under development at the Robotics and Mechanisms Laboratory (RoMeLa) at Virginia Tech that use biologically inspired novel locomotion strategies. By studying nature's models and then imitating or taking inspiration from these designs and processes, we apply and implement new ways for mobile robots to move. Unlike most ground mobile robots that use conventional means of locomotion such as wheels or tracks, these robots display unique mobility characteristics that make them suitable for certain environments where conventional ground robots have difficulty moving. These novel ground robots include; the whole skin locomotion robot inspired by amoeboid motility mechanisms, the three-legged walking machine STriDER (Self-excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot) that utilizes the concept of actuated passive-dynamic locomotion, the hexapod robot MARS (Multi Appendage Robotic System) that uses dry-adhesive “gecko feet” for walking in zero-gravity environments, the humanoid robot DARwIn (Dynamic Anthropomorphic Robot with Intelligence) that uses dynamic bipedal gaits, and the high mobility robot IMPASS (Intelligent Mobility Platform with Active Spoke System) that uses a novel wheel-leg hybrid locomotion strategy. Each robot and the novel locomotion strategies it uses are described, followed by a discussion of their capabilities and challenges.
Barzilai-Borwein Step Size for Stochastic Gradient Descent

One of the major issues in stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods is how to choose an appropriate step size while running the algorithm. Since the traditional line search technique does not apply for stochastic optimization algorithms, the common practice in SGD is either to use a diminishing step size, or to tune a fixed step size by hand, which can be time consuming in practice. In this paper, we propose to use the Barzilai-Borwein (BB) method to automatically compute step sizes for SGD and its variant: stochastic variance reduced gradient (SVRG) method, which leads to two algorithms: SGD-BB and SVRGBB. We prove that SVRG-BB converges linearly for strongly convex objective functions. As a by-product, we prove the linear convergence result of SVRG with Option I proposed in , whose convergence result is missing in the literature. Numerical experiments on standard data sets show that the performance of SGD-BB and SVRG-BB is comparable to and sometimes even better than SGD and SVRG with best-tuned step sizes, and is superior to some advanced SGD variants.
X-Band Choke Ring Horn Telecom Antenna for Interference Mitigation on NASA’s SWOT Mission

A low-gain antenna (LGA) is designed for high cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) and low backward radiation within the 8.025-8.4-GHz frequency band to mitigate cross-polarization and multipath interference given the spacecraft layout constraints. The X-band choke ring horn was optimized, fabricated, and measured. The antenna gain remains higher than 2.5 dBi for angles between 0° and 60° off-boresight. The XPD is higher than 15 dB from 0° to 40° and higher than 20 dB from 40° to 60° off-boresight. The calculated and measured data are in excellent agreement.
The evolution of thalidomide and its IMiD derivatives as anticancer agents

Thalidomide was originally used to treat morning sickness, but was banned in the 1960s for causing serious congenital birth defects. Remarkably, thalidomide was subsequently discovered to have anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties, and was identified as an effective treatment for multiple myeloma. A series of immunomodulatory drugs — created by chemical modification of thalidomide — have been developed to overcome the original devastating side effects. Their powerful anticancer properties mean that these drugs are now emerging from thalidomide's shadow as useful anticancer agents.
Automatic Event Detection for Signal-based Surveillance

Signal-based Surveillance systems such as Closed Circuits Televisions (CCTV) have been widely installed in public places. Those systems are normally used to find the events with security interest, and play a significant role in public safety. Though such systems are still heavily reliant on human labour to monitor the captured information, there have been a number of automatic techniques proposed to analysing the data. This article provides an overview of automatic surveillance event detection techniques . Despite it’s popularity in research, it is still too challenging a problem to be realised in a real world deployment. The challenges come from not only the detection techniques such as signal processing and machine learning, but also the experimental design with factors such as data collection, evaluation protocols, and ground-truth annotation. Finally, this article propose that multi-disciplinary research is the path towards a solution to this problem.
Equivalent negative stiffness mechanism using three bundled needles inspired by mosquito for achieving easy insertion

The mosquito proboscis is composed of seven micro parts. Among them, labrum and maxillae play important roles in insertion. The labrum is a central needle which sucks blood; two maxillae are left/right needles aside the labrum, respectively. They cooperatively move, i.e., one maxilla goes forward, labrum goes forward, another maxilla goes forward, successively. We noticed that the maxilla has a jagged harpoon-like shape on its tip area, which has an anchoring effect. We proposed the easy insertion mechanism as follows: the equivalent stiffness, which is the ratio of the resistance force relative to the moving distance, is considered. The total stiffness in pushing out the central needle can be made smaller than zero due to the anchoring effect of the side needles. We named it as “negative stiffness mechanism.” Equivalent stiffness during pulling/pushing a fabricated needle was experimentally estimated, which indicated the validity of proposed mechanism.