nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-calibration for a 3D laser

This paper describes a method for the automatic self-calibration of a 3D Laser sensor. We wish to acquire crisp point clouds and so we adopt a measure of crispness to capture point cloud quality. We then pose the calibration problem as the task of maximising point cloud quality. Concretely, we use Rényi Quadratic Entropy to measure the degree of organisation of a point cloud. By expressing this quantity as a function of key unknown system parameters, we are able to deduce a full calibration of the sensor via an online optimisation. Beyond details on the sensor design itself, we fully describe the end-to-end intrinsic parameter calibration process and the estimation of the clock skews between the constituent microprocessors. We analyse performance using real and simulated data and demonstrate robust performance over thirty test sites.
Efficient set-membership filtering algorithms for wireless sensor networks

The paper discusses three main adaptive filtering algorithms with partial updates and low computational complexities that converge fast and have a significantly better mean square error (MSE) performance than their non selective-update versions when they are tuned well. The algorithms are set-membership normalized least mean squares (SM-NLMS), SM affine projection (SM-AP) and SM recursive least squares (SM-RLS, also known as BEACON). The lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is often governed by its power consumption. We show how the previous works for energy prediction, channel estimation, localization and data replication in WSNs can be improved in both accuracy and energy conservation by employing these algorithms. We derive two simplified versions of the SM-AP and BEACON algorithms to further minimize the computational load. The probable drawbacks of the algorithms and the alternative solutions are also investigated. To exhibit the improvements and compare the algorithms, computer simulations are conducted for different scenarios. The purpose is to show that many signal processing algorithms for WSNs can be replaced by one general low complexity algorithm which can perform different tasks by minor parameter adjustments.
The efficacy of sodium benzoate as an adjunctive treatment in early psychosis - CADENCE-BZ: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Psychotic disorders affect up to 3% of the population and are often chronic and disabling. Innovation in the pharmacological treatment of psychosis has remained stagnant in recent decades. In order to improve outcomes for those with psychotic disorders, we present a protocol for the trial of a common food preservative, sodium benzoate, as an adjunctive treatment in early psychosis.



Persons experiencing early psychosis (n = 160) will be recruited through hospitals and community mental health services in Queensland, Australia. Patients will be randomized to receive either 12-week treatment with 1000 mg (500 mg twice daily (BD)) sodium benzoate or placebo. Patients will undergo fortnightly outcome assessments, in addition to weekly ongoing capacity to consent, drug compliance and safety assessments. The primary outcome measure is the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. Secondary outcomes are Global Assessment of Function (GAF), Assessment of Quality of Life Scale (AQOL), the Activity and Participation Questionnaire (APQ6), International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ), Physical Activity Questionnaire, Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Hamilton Depression rating Scale-17 items (HDRS), Opiate Treatment Index (OTI) and the Patients' Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I). As a tertiary objective, changes from baseline to endpoint in to serum markers related to D-alanine, L-alanine, D-serine, L-serine, glycine and glutamate will be investigated.



Consumers and clinicians are keen to help develop better treatments for those with psychosis. This study, part of the wider Cadence clinical trials platform will examine if a safe and accessible food preservative can help optimize outcomes in those with psychosis.
Enabling technologies for wireless body area networks: A survey and outlook

A wireless body area network is a radio-frequency- based wireless networking technology that interconnects tiny nodes with sensor or actuator capabilities in, on, or around a human body. In a civilian networking environment, WBANs provide ubiquitous networking functionalities for applications varying from healthcare to safeguarding of uniformed personnel. This article surveys pioneer WBAN research projects and enabling technologies. It explores application scenarios, sensor/actuator devices, radio systems, and interconnection of WBANs to provide perspective on the trade-offs between data rate, power consumption, and network coverage. Finally, a number of open research issues are discussed.
A taxonomy of scientific workflow systems for grid computing

With the advent of Grid and application technologies, scientists and engineers are building more and more complex applications to manage and process large data sets, and execute scientific experiments on distributed resources. Such application scenarios require means for composing and executing complex workflows. Therefore, many efforts have been made towards the development of workflow management systems for Grid computing. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy that characterizes and classifies various approaches for building and executing workflows on Grids. The taxonomy not only highlights the design and engineering similarities and differences of state-of-the-art in Grid workflow systems, but also identifies the areas that need further research.
Wearable Pulse Wave Monitoring System Based on MEMS Sensors

Pulse wave monitoring is critical for the evaluation of human health. In this paper, a wearable multi-sensor pulse wave monitoring system is proposed and demonstrated. The monitoring system consists of a measuring unit and an analog circuit processing unit. The main part of the measuring unit is a flexible printed circuit board (PCB) with a thickness of 0.15 mm, which includes three micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensors softly packaged by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a blood oxygen detector and a MEMS three-axis accelerometer. The MEMS pressure sensors，the blood oxygen detector and the accelerometer are fixed on the expected locations of the flexible PCB. The analog circuit processing unit includes a power supply module, a filter and an amplifier. The pulse waves of two volunteers are detected by the monitoring system in this study. The output signals of the analog circuit processing module are processed and analyzed. In the preliminary test, the time delay of the three pressure pulse waves has been detected and the calculated pulse wave velocities (PWVs) are 12.50 and 11.36 m/s, respectively. The K value, related to the area of the pulse wave, can be obtained. Both the PWV and K value meet the health parameter standards.
Utilization of open government data: A systematic literature review of types, conditions, effects and users

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the literature on the types, effects, conditions and user of Open 6 Government Data (OGD). The review analyses 101 academic studies about OGD which discuss at least one of the four factors 7 of OGD utilization: the different types of utilization, the effects of utilization, the key conditions, and the different users. Our 8 analysis shows that the majority of studies focus on the OGD provisions while assuming, but not empirically testing, various 9 forms of utilization. The paper synthesizes the hypothesized relations in a multi-dimensional framework of OGD utilization. 10 Based on the framework we suggest four future directions for research: 1) investigate the link between type of utilization and 11 type of users (e.g. journalists, citizens) 2) investigate the link between type of user and type of effect (e.g. societal, economic and 12 good governance benefits) 3) investigate the conditions that moderate OGD effects (e.g. policy, data quality) and 4) establishing 13 a causal link between utilization and OGD outcomes.
Daily acyclovir to decrease herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) transmission from HSV-2/HIV-1 coinfected persons: a randomized controlled trial.

Daily suppressive therapy with valacyclovir reduces risk of sexual transmission of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in HSV-2-serodiscordant heterosexual couples by 48%. Whether suppressive therapy reduces HSV-2 transmission from persons coinfected with HSV-2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is unknown.



Within a randomized trial of daily acyclovir 400 mg twice daily in African HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, in which the HIV-1-infected partner was HSV-2 seropositive, we identified partnerships in which HIV-1-susceptible partners were HSV-2 seronegative to estimate the effect of acyclovir on risk of HSV-2 transmission.



We randomly assigned 911 HSV-2/HIV-1-serodiscordant couples to daily receipt of acyclovir or placebo. We observed 68 HSV-2 seroconversions, 40 and 28 in acyclovir and placebo groups, respectively (HSV-2 incidence, 5.1 cases per 100 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 1.35 [95% confidence interval, .83-2.20]; P = .22). Among HSV-2-susceptible women, vaginal drying practices (adjusted HR, 44.35; P = .004) and unprotected sex (adjusted HR, 9.91; P = .002) were significant risk factors for HSV-2 acquisition; having more children was protective (adjusted HR, 0.47 per additional child; P = .012). Among HSV-2-susceptible men, only age ≤30 years was associated with increased risk of HSV-2 acquisition (P = .016).



Treatment of African HSV-2/HIV-1-infected persons with daily suppressive acyclovir did not decrease risk of HSV-2 transmission to susceptible partners. More-effective prevention strategies to reduce HSV-2 transmission from HIV-1-infected persons are needed.
Hybrid Partitioned SRAM-Based Ternary Content Addressable Memory

Although content addressable memory (CAM) provides fast search operation; however, CAM has disadvantages like low bit density and high cost per bit. This paper presents a novel memory architecture called hybrid partitioned static random access memory-based ternary content addressable memory (HP SRAM-based TCAM), which emulates TCAM functionality with conventional SRAM, thereby eliminating the inherited disadvantages of conventional TCAMs. HP SRAM-based TCAM logically dissects conventional TCAM table in a hybrid way (column-wise and row-wise) into TCAM sub-tables, which are then processed to be mapped to their corresponding SRAM memory units. Search operation in HP SRAM-based TCAM involves two SRAM accesses followed by a logical ANDing operation. To validate and justify our approach, 512 × 36 HP SRAM-based TCAM has been implemented in Xilinx Virtex-5 field programmable gate array (FPGA) and designed using 65-nm CMOS technology. Implementation in FPGA is advantageous and a beauty of our proposed TCAM because classical TCAMs cannot be implemented in FPGA. After a thorough analysis, we have concluded that energy/bit/search of the proposed TCAM is 85.72 fJ.
Self-organized developmental patterning and differentiation in cerebral organoids.

Cerebral organoids recapitulate human brain development at a considerable level of detail, even in the absence of externally added signaling factors. The patterning events driving this self-organization are currently unknown. Here, we examine the developmental and differentiative capacity of cerebral organoids. Focusing on forebrain regions, we demonstrate the presence of a variety of discrete ventral and dorsal regions. Clearing and subsequent 3D reconstruction of entire organoids reveal that many of these regions are interconnected, suggesting that the entire range of dorso-ventral identities can be generated within continuous neuroepithelia. Consistent with this, we demonstrate the presence of forebrain organizing centers that express secreted growth factors, which may be involved in dorso-ventral patterning within organoids. Furthermore, we demonstrate the timed generation of neurons with mature morphologies, as well as the subsequent generation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Our work provides the methodology and quality criteria for phenotypic analysis of brain organoids and shows that the spatial and temporal patterning events governing human brain development can be recapitulated in vitro.
Agile and hackathons: a case study of emergent practices at the FNB codefest

Hackathons and similar innovation contests can accelerate the development of software prototypes to help large corporates such as banks experiment with new technology. These companies may also be adopting Agile in their existing software development practices and it is worth exploring the usage of Agile principles at such events and whether hackathons can assist overall Agile adoption. FNB is one of the largest and most innovative banks in South Africa and runs an internal hackathon called Codefest to enhance IT innovation in product design and internal operations. The event attracts over 200 internal developers who compete in teams during a 48-hour coding marathon. South African banks, including FNB, are also adopting Agile practices to improve speed and quality in their software development lifecycle. Codefest was not intended to help drive FNB's Agile journey, however some of its principles and practices were observed as having naturally occurred during the event.
 This article explores the emergence of Agile practices at FNB Codefest as observed during publicly broadcast interviews with various participants and stakeholders. The spoken words of the interviewees were analysed for dominant concepts using the values and principles of the Agile Manifesto as a coding framework. The interviews provided practical observations of the environment at Codefest which was found to encourage certain Agile principles and practices. Adoption of Agile by teams also correlated with their level of success in the Codefest competition however more research would be needed to determine whether Codefest accelerated the bank's overall Agile journey.
 Three main Agile concepts were found to be naturally cultivated by the environment of Codefest; collaboration, motivation and elements of technical excellence. Collaboration was observed between IT teams, between business and IT teams and between business teams, while also creating a model of conditions for how teams could operate during business as usual. Intrinsic motivators such as autonomy, mastery and purpose were also observed at codefest, supporting the notion of knowledge worker motivation as being crucial in setting up successful software development teams. Elements of technical excellence correlated to Agile through methodologies such as Extreme Programming or Scrum while quality practices were enabled by team practices such as communication and planning. Codefest was also mapped to a proposed model of Agile environments while considerations for such contests and suggestions for next steps are also presented. These include (1) using Codefest to raise awareness of Agile, (2) understanding how extrinsic motivators affect Codefest and Agile, (3) using Codefest participants to share and drive technical excellence and (4) Agile training before Codefest.
Adrenal function and MC1R gene analysis in a prepubertal girl with generalized hyperpigmentation: case report

Generalized hyperpigmentation (GHPT) of the skin may occur as a primary defect of pigmentation or in combination with other variable manifestations. It is visible in a number of diseases such as Addison’s disease (AD), haemochromatosis, porphyria cutanea tarda, scleroderma and neurofibromatosis, but it can also be associated with malignancy and the use of chemotherapeutics or it can be related to acanthosis nigricans in insulin resistance. Skin pigmentation depends on the differences in the amount, type and distribution of melanin produced during melanogenesis in skin melanocytes  and remains under the genetic control of more than 120 genes . The most important one is the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene  (OMIM ID: 155555) located on chromosome 16q24.3 and encoding for a 317-amino-acid G-protein coupled receptor. The MC1R receptor binds α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) resulting in the activation of adenylyl cyclase, which produces cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The increased cAMP concentration activates various intracellular molecular pathways, promotes melanin synthesis and increases the eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio . MC1R receptor also binds ACTH, in this way contributing to the GHPT in AD. Upregulation of MC1R gene expression by UV radiation and α-MSH leads to enhancement of melanogenesis and melanin synthesis induction. Loss-of-function mutations in the MC1R gene are associated with fair skin, poor tanning, propensity to freckles and increased skin cancer risk due to a decrease in eumelanin synthesis and subsequently impaired protection against UV radiation [5-7]. To our knowledge, to date, no data are available considering gain-of-function mutations in the human MC1R gene which could lead to a constant activation of the MC1R receptor and subsequently cause GHPT. We present the case of a patient with a primary type of progressive GHPT in whom AD was suspected. An 11-year-old prepubertal girl with GHPT (Figures 1A-C) was born at term with normal birth weight and height and was first brought to our hospital at the age of 3 years with a suspicion of AD. She had a diffuse grey-brownish discoloration of the skin present since birth. Over the first few years of life she developed symmetrical hyperpigmentation most pronounced on her trunk and neck. Later, hyperpigmentation began to affect her hands and feet, and finally the whole body – sparing only the cheeks and finger tips. Her skin was very dry and atopic, and scars were not hyperCorresponding autor: Assoc. Prof. Marek Niedziela MD, PhD Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology Poznan University of Medical Sciences 27/33 Szpitalna St 60-572 Poznan, Poland Phone: +48 61 849 14 81 Fax: 48 61 848 02 91 E-mail: mniedzie@ump.edu.pl Letter to the Editor
Implementing Intelligent Traffic Control System for Congestion Control , Ambulance Clearance , and Stolen Vehicle Detection

In this paper, we proposed an Implementing Intelligent Traffic Control for Congestion, Ambulance clearance, and Stolen Vehicle Detection. This system was implemented based on present criteria that tracking three conditions in those one is heavy traffic control and another one is making a root of emergency vehicle like ambulance and VIP vehicle. In this paper we are going to implement a sensor network work which is used to detect the traffic density and also use RFID reader and tags. We use ARM7 system-on-chip to read the RFID tags attached to the vehicles. It counts number of vehicles that passes on a particular path during a specified duration. If the RFID tag read belongs to the stolen vehicles. GSM SIM300 used for message send to the police control room. In addition, when an ambulance approaching the junction, it will communicate the traffic controller in the junction to turn on the green light. This module uses Zigbee modules on CC2500.  ZigBee, CC2500, GSM, SIM300, ARM-9, ambulance vehicle stolen vehicle, congestion control, traffic junction.
Retrieving Semantically Similar Questions in Community Question

Internet users today prefer getting precise answer to their questions rather than sifting through a bunch of relevant documents provided by search engines. This has led to the huge popularity of Community Question Answering (cQA) services like Yahoo! Answers, Baidu Zhidao, Quora, StackOverflow etc., where forum users respond directly to questions with short targeted answers. These forums provide a platform for interaction with experts and serve as popular and effective means of information seeking on the Web. Anyone can obtain answers to their questions by posting them for other participants on these sites. Community can also decide the quality of answers for a question. Over time, such cQA archives have become rich repositories of knowledge encoded in the form of questions and user generated answers. However, not all questions get immediate answers from other users. If a question is not interesting enough for community or if similar question is already answered by some other user, it may suffer from “starvation”. Such questions may take hours and sometimes days to get satisfactory answers. This delay in response can be avoided by searching similar questions in the very large archives of previously asked questions. If a similar question is found, then the corresponding best answer can be provided without any delay. The main challenge while retrieving similar questions is the “lexico-syntactic gap” between the user query and the questions already present in the forum. The aim is to detect question pairs that differ from each other lexically and syntactically but expresses the same meaning. In this thesis, we propose two novel approaches to bridge the lexico-syntactic gap between the question posed by the user and forum questions. In the first approach, we design “Deep Structured Topic Model (DSTM)” which retrieves similar questions that lie in the vicinity of the latent topic vector space of the query and the archived question-answer pairs. The retrieved topically similar questions are reranked using a deep semantic model. In the second approach, we explore the behaviour of deep semantic models with “parameter-sharing” between the parallel networks which help us to design “Siamese Convolutional Neural Network for cQA (SCQA)”. It consists of twin convolutional neural networks with shared parameters and a contrastive loss function joining them. It learns the similarity metric for question-question pairs by leveraging the question-answer pairs available in cQA forum archives. The model projects semantically similar question pairs nearer to each other and dissimilar question pairs farther away from each other in the semantic space. Several models have been built in the past to bridge the lexico-syntactic gap in the cQA content. However, considering the ever growing nature of the data in cQA forums, these models cannot be kept
Death from accidental poisoning of methamphetamine by leaking into alimentary tract in drug traffic: a case report.

A case of acute mathamphetamine (MA) poisoning death was occasionally found in autopsy by leaking into alimentary tract from package in drug traffic. A Korean man (39-year-old) was found dead in his apartment in Shenyang and 158 columned-shaped packages (390 g) of MA were found in his alimentary tract by autopsy, in which four packages were found in the esophagus, 118 in the stomach and 36 in the lower part of small intestine. The packages were wrapped with tinfoil and plastic film, from which one package in the stomach was empty and ruptured. Extreme pulmonary edema, congestion and hemorrhage as well as moderate edema, congestion and petechial hemorrhage in the other viscera were observed at autopsy and microscopically. Simultaneously AMP (amphatamine) in urine was tested positive by Trige DOA kit. Quantitative analysis was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Extremely high concentrations of MA were found in the cardiac blood (24.8 microg/mL), the urine (191 microg/mL), the liver (116 microg/mL) and the gastric contents (1045 microg/mL), and no alcohol and other conventional drugs or poisons were detected in the same samples. The poisoning dosage is 5 microg/mL in the plasma and lethal dosage is 10-40 microg/mL in the plasma according the report. This high concentrations of MA in blood indicated that the cause of death was result from acute MA poisoning due to MA leaking into stomach. Much attention must be paid in the body packer of drugs in illegal drug traffic.