nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on Machine Learning Approaches for Outlier Detection in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an important research area nowadays. Wireless Sensor Network is deployed in hostile environment consisting of hundreds to thousands of nodes. They can be deployed for various mission-critical applications, such as health care, military monitoring as well as civilian applications. There are various security issues in these networks. One of such issue is outlier detection. In outlier detection, data obtained by some of the nodes whose behavior is different from the data of other nodes are spotted in the group of data. But identification of such nodes is a little difficult. In this paper, machine learning based methods for outlier detection are discussed among which the Bayesian Network looks advantageous over other methods. Bayesian classification algorithm can be used for calculating the conditional dependency of the available nodes in WSN. This method can also calculate the missing data value.
AN UWB CIRCULAR PATCH ANTENNA WITH SLOTTED GROUND PLANE FOR BODY-CENTRIC COMMUNICATION

The performance of a circular patch antenna with slotted ground plane for body centric communication mainly in the health care monitoring systems for Onbody application is researched. The CP antenna is intended for utilization in UWB, body centric communication applications i.e. in between 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The proposed antenna is CP antenna of (30 x 30 x 1.6) mm. It is simulated via CST microwave studio suite. This CP antenna covers the entire ultra wide frequency range (3.9174-13.519) GHz (9.6016) GHz with the VSWR of (3.818 GHz13.268 GHz). Antenna’s group delay is to be observed as 3.5 ns. The simulated results of antenna are given in terms of , VSWR, group delay and radiation pattern.  UWB, Body Worn Antenna, BodyCentric Communication.
Osteoligamentous injuries of the medial ankle joint

Injuries of the ankle joint have a high incidence in daily life and sports, thus, playing an important socioeconomic role. Therefore, proper diagnosis and adequate treatment are mandatory. While most of the ligament injuries around the ankle joint are treated conservatively, great controversy exists on how to treat deltoid ligament injuries in ankle fractures. Missed injuries and inadequate treatment of the medial ankle lead to inferior outcome with instability, progressive deformity, and ankle joint osteoarthritis.
A predictive fitness model for influenza

The seasonal human influenza A/H3N2 virus undergoes rapid evolution, which produces significant year-to-year sequence turnover in the population of circulating strains. Adaptive mutations respond to human immune challenge and occur primarily in antigenic epitopes, the antibody-binding domains of the viral surface protein haemagglutinin. Here we develop a fitness model for haemagglutinin that predicts the evolution of the viral population from one year to the next. Two factors are shown to determine the fitness of a strain: adaptive epitope changes and deleterious mutations outside the epitopes. We infer both fitness components for the strains circulating in a given year, using population-genetic data of all previous strains. From fitness and frequency of each strain, we predict the frequency of its descendent strains in the following year. This fitness model maps the adaptive history of influenza A and suggests a principled method for vaccine selection. Our results call for a more comprehensive epidemiology of influenza and other fast-evolving pathogens that integrates antigenic phenotypes with other viral functions coupled by genetic linkage.
Objective Speech Quality Measures for Internet Telephony

Measuring voice quality for telephony is not a new problem. However, packet-switched, best-effort networks such as the Internet present significant new challenges for the delivery of real-time voice traffic. Unlike the circuit-switched public switched telephone network (PSTN), Internet protocol (IP) networks guarantee neither sufficient bandwidth for the voice traffic nor a constant, acceptable delay. Dropped packets and varying delays introduce distortions not found in traditional telephony. In addition, if a low bitrate codec is used in voice over IP (VoIP) to achieve a high compression ratio, the original waveform can be significantly distorted. These new potential sources of signal distortion present significant challenges for objectively measuring speech quality. Measurement techniques designed for the PSTN may not perform well in VoIP environments. Our objective is to find a speech quality metric that accurately predicts subjective human perception under the conditions present in VoIP systems. To do this, we compared three types of measures: perceptually weighted distortion measures such as enhanced modified Bark spectral distance (EMBSD) and measuring normalizing blocks (MNB), word-error rates of continuous speech recognizers, and the ITU E-model. We tested the performance of these measures under conditions typical of a VoIP system. We found that the E-model had the highest correlation with mean opinion scores (MOS). The E-model is well-suited for online monitoring because it does not require the original (undistorted) signal to compute its quality metric and because it is computationally simple.
Innovative Product Design using Metaontology with Semantic TRIZ

In the manufacturing industry, supply chain management is playing an important role in providing profit to the enterprise. Information that is useful in improving existing products and development of new products can be obtained from databases and ontology. The theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) supports designers of innovative product design by searching a knowledge base. The existing TRIZ ontology supports innovative design of specific products (Flashlight) for a TRIZ ontology. The research reported in this paper aims at developing a metaontology for innovative product design that can be applied to multiple products in different domain areas. The authors applied the semantic TRIZ to a product (Smart Fan) as an interim stage toward a metaontology that can manage general products and other concepts. Modeling real-world (Smart Pen and Smart Machine) ontologies is undertaken as an evaluation of the metaontology. This may open up new possibilities to innovative product designs. Innovative Product Design using Metaontology with Semantic TRIZ
RECENT PROGRESS IN MULTIPROCESSOR THREAD SCHEDULING

In this paper we will discuss progress in the area of thread scheduling for multiprocessors, including systems which a re Chip-MultiProcessors (CMP), can perform Simultaneous Mul tiThreading (SMT), and/or support multiple threads to execute in parallel. The reviewed papers approach thread sched uling from the aspects of resource utilization, thread priori ty, Operating System (OS) effects, and interrupts. The metrics used by the discussed papers will be summarized.
Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic, and Antiviral Activity of Plants Traditionally Used for Treating Infectious Disease in the Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India

In the present study, we tested in vitro different parts of 35 plants used by tribals of the Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR, Mayurbhanj district, India) for the management of infections. From each plant, three extracts were prepared with different solvents (water, ethanol, and acetone) and tested for antimicrobial (E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans); anthelmintic (C. elegans); and antiviral (enterovirus 71) bioactivity. In total, 35 plant species belonging to 21 families were recorded from tribes of the SBR and periphery. Of the 35 plants, eight plants (23%) showed broad-spectrum in vitro antimicrobial activity (inhibiting all three test strains), while 12 (34%) exhibited narrow spectrum activity against individual pathogens (seven as anti-staphylococcal and five as anti-candidal). Plants such as Alangium salviifolium, Antidesma bunius, Bauhinia racemosa, Careya arborea, Caseria graveolens, Cleistanthus patulus, Colebrookea oppositifolia, Crotalaria pallida, Croton roxburghii, Holarrhena pubescens, Hypericum gaitii, Macaranga peltata, Protium serratum, Rubus ellipticus, and Suregada multiflora showed strong antibacterial effects, whilst Alstonia scholaris, Butea monosperma, C. arborea, C. pallida, Diospyros malbarica, Gmelina arborea, H. pubescens, M. peltata, P. serratum, Pterospermum acerifolium, R. ellipticus, and S. multiflora demonstrated strong antifungal activity. Plants such as A. salviifolium, A. bunius, Aporosa octandra, Barringtonia acutangula, C. graveolens, C. pallida, C. patulus, G. arborea, H. pubescens, H. gaitii, Lannea coromandelica, M. peltata, Melastoma malabathricum, Millettia extensa, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, P. serratum, P. acerifolium, R. ellipticus, S. multiflora, Symplocos cochinchinensis, Ventilago maderaspatana, and Wrightia arborea inhibit survival of C. elegans and could be a potential source for anthelmintic activity. Additionally, plants such as A. bunius, C. graveolens, C. patulus, C. oppositifolia, H. gaitii, M. extensa, P. serratum, R. ellipticus, and V. maderaspatana showed anti-enteroviral activity. Most of the plants, whose traditional use as anti-infective agents by the tribals was well supported, show in vitro inhibitory activity against an enterovirus, bacteria (E. coil, S. aureus), a fungus (C. albicans), or a nematode (C. elegans).
Conservative management of thoracolumbar burst spine fractures using Gertzbein and Load Shearing classification

The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy of the Gertzbein classification and the Load Shearing classification in the conservative treatment of thoracolumbar burst spinal fractures. From 1997 to 1999, 30 consecutive patients with single-level thoracolumbar spinal injury with no neurological impairment were classified according to the Gertzbein classification and the Load Shearing scoring, and were treated conservatively. A custom-made thoracolumbosacral orthosis was worn in all patients for 6 months and several radiologic parameters were evaluated, while the Denis Pain and Work Scale were used to assess the clinical outcome. The average follow-up period was 24 months (range 12–39 months). During this period radiograms showed no improvement of any radiologic parameter. However, the clinical outcome was satisfactory in 28 of 30 patients with neither pseudarthrosis, nor any complications recorded on completion of treatment. This study showed that thoracolumbar burst fractures Gertzbein A3 with a load shearing score 6 or less can be successfully treated conservatively. Patient selection is a fundamental component in clinical success for these classification systems. Cette étude a pour objectif de classer les fractures comminutives du segment thoraco-lombaire de la colonne vertébrale qui ont été traitées de manière conservatrice, conformément à la classification de Gertzbein et à la classification de la répartition des contraintes. Depuis 1997 à 1999, trente malades présentant une fracture comminutive dans le segment thoraco-lombaire de la colonne vertébrale, sans dommages neurologiques, ont été traités de manière conservatoire, conformément aux classifications de Gertzbein et à la notation de la répartition des charges. Les patients ont porté une orthèse thoraco-lombaire pendant 6 mois et on a procédé à une évaluation des paramètres radiographiques. L'échelle de la douleur et du travail de Dennis a été utilisée pour évaluer les résultats. La durée moyenne d'observation des malades a été de 24 mois (de 12 à 39 mois). Bien que les paramètres radiologiques, pendant cette période, n'aient manifesté aucune amélioration, le résultat clinique de ces patients a été satisfaisant pour 93.33% d' entre eux. L'on n'a pas constaté de complications ni de pseudarthroses. La classification de Gertzbein associe le type de fracture au degré d'instabilité mécanique et au dommage neurologique. La classification de la répartition des contraintes relie l'écrasement et le déplacement de la fracture à la stabilité mécanique. Les fractures explosives du segment lombaire de la colonne vertébrale de type A3, selon Gertzbein, degré 6 ou inférieur à 6, selon la classification des contraintes, peuvent être traitées avec succès de manière conservatrice. Le choix judicieux des patients est important pour le succès clinique de cette méthode de classification.
InFO (Wafer Level Integrated Fan-Out) Technology

A powerful integrated fan-out (InFO) wafer level system integration (WLSI) technology has been developed to integrate application processor chip with memory package for smart mobile devices. This novel InFO technology is the first high performance Fan-Out Wafer Level Package (FO_WLP) with multi-layer high density interconnects proposed to the industry. In this paper we present the detailed comparison of InFO packages on package (InFO_PoP) with several other previously proposed 3D package solutions. Result shows that InFO_PoP has more optimized overall results on system performance, leakage power and area (form factor) than others, to meet the ever-increasing system requirements of mobile computing. InFO technology has been successfully qualified on package level with robust component and board level reliability. It is also qualified at interconnect level with high electromigration resistance. With its high flexibility and strong capability of multi-chips integration for both homogeneous and heterogeneous sub-systems, InFO technology not only provides a system scaling solution but also complements the chip scaling and helps to sustain the Moore's Law for the smart mobile as well as internet of things (IoT) applications.
A sensor fusion wearable health-monitoring system with haptic feedback

A wearable integrated health-monitoring system is presented in this paper. The system is based on a multisensor fusion approach. It consists of a chest-worn device that embeds a controller board, an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor, a temperature sensor, an accelerometer, a vibration motor, a colour- changing light-emitting diode (LED) and a push-button. This multi-sensor device allows for performing biometric and medical monitoring applications. Distinctive haptic feedback patterns can be actuated by means of the embedded vibration motor according to the user's health state. The embedded colour-changing LED is employed to provide the wearer with an additional intuitive visual feedback of the current health state. The push-button provided can be pushed by the user to report a potential emergency condition. The collected biometric information can be used to monitor the health state of the person involved in real-time or to get sensitive data to be subsequently analysed for medical diagnosis. In this preliminary work, the system architecture is presented. As a possible application scenario, the health-monitoring of offshore operators is considered. Related initial simulations and experiments are carried out to validate the efficiency of the proposed technology. In particular, the system reduces risk, taking into consideration assessments based on the individual and on overall potentially-harmful situations.
Review of Human-Computer Interaction Issues in Image Retrieval

Image retrieval is an active area of research, which is growing very rapidly. Indeed, stimulated by the rapid growth in storage capacity and processing speed, the number of images in electronic collections and the World Wide Web has considerably increased over the last few years. However, with this abundance of information, people are continuously looking for tools that help them find the image(s) they are looking for within a reasonable amount of time. These tools are image retrieval engines. When using an image retrieval engine, the user is continuously interacting with the machine. First, he1 uses the system’s interface to formulate a query that expresses his needs. Second, he provides feedback about the retrieved results at each search iteration. This allows the engine to provide more accurate results by using relevance feedback (RF) techniques. Third, he may be asked to assign a goodness score or weight to each image retrieved, which helps evaluating the system’s performance. In this chapter, we will review the main interactions between human and the machine in the context of image retrieval. We will address several issues, including: Query formulation: • How the user expresses his needs and what he is looking for • The different ways the query can be formulated: keywords-based, sentence-based, query by example image, query by sketch, query by feature values, composite queries, etc. • Query by region of interest (ROI) vs. global query. • Queries with positive example only vs. queries with both positive and negative examples. •  finding a good image to initiate a retrieval session. Relevance feedback: we will try to answer questions like: • Why do systems use relevance feedback? • How can the user express his needs during the relevance feedback process • How this information is exploited by the system to perform operations like feature selection or the identification of the sought image. 1 Note that the masculine gender has been used strictly to facilitate reading, and is to be understood to include the feminine.
Reading and understanding financial statements.

Feeling comfortable reading and understanding financial statements is critical to the success of healthcare executives and physicians involved in management. Businesses use three primary financial statements: a balance sheet represents the equation, Assets = Liabilities + Equity; an income statement represents the equation, Revenues - Expenses = Net Income; a statement of cash flows reports all sources and uses of cash during the represented period. The balance sheet expresses financial indicators at one particular moment in time, whereas the income statement and the statement of cash flows show activity that occurred over a stretch of time. Additional information is disclosed in attached footnotes and other supplementary materials. There are two ways to prepare financial statements. Cash-basis accounting recognizes revenue when it is received and expenses when they are paid. Accrual-basis accounting recognizes revenue when it is earned and expenses when they are incurred. Although cash-basis is acceptable, periodically using the accrual method reveals important information about receivables and liabilities that could otherwise remain hidden. Become more engaged with your financial statements by spending time reading them, tracking key performance indicators, and asking accountants and financial advisors questions. This will help you better understand your business and build a successful future.
A Comparative Study of Web Content Management Systems

Web Content Management Systems (WCMS) play an increasingly important role in the Internet’s evolution. They are software platforms that facilitate the implementation of a web site or an e-commerce and are gaining popularity due to its flexibility and ease of use. In this work, we explain from a tutorial perspective how to manage WCMS and what can be achieved by using them. With this aim, we select the most popular open-source WCMS; namely, Joomla!, WordPress, and Drupal. Then, we implement three websites that are equal in terms of requirements, visual aspect, and functionality, one for each WCMS. Through a qualitative comparative analysis, we show the advantages and drawbacks of each solution, and the complexity associated. On the other hand, security concerns can arise if WCMS are not appropriately used. Due to the key position that they occupy in today’s Internet, we perform a basic security analysis of the three implement websites in the second part of this work. Specifically, we explain vulnerabilities, security enhancements, which errors should not be done, and which WCMS is initially safer.
Design and simulation of X Band microstrip circulator

Microwave circulator is an important ferrite device which is widely used in wireless transceivers. This paper presents design and simulation of X-Band microstrip circulator. Major application of microstrip junction circulator presented here is as duplexer in RADAR. The circulator designed here is centered at 9.6 GHz with 800 MHz bandwidth. CST Microwave Studio Suite is used as simulation software. Here, the design equations given by Fay and Comstock are followed and prototype of X-band microstrip circulator is prepared. Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is used as ferrite material. Isolation and return loss of more than 20 dB, and insertion loss of less than 0.1 dB are achieved in simulation results.
The School of Business Fall 2007 Open Innovation and Strategy

and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Appleyard received support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0438736. Jon Perr and Patrick Sullivan ably assisted with the interviews of Open Source Software leaders. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the above funding sources or any other individuals or organizations. Open Innovation and Strategy
Dataset for forensic analysis of B-tree file system

Since B-tree file system (Btrfs) is set to become de facto standard file system on Linux (and Linux based) operating systems, Btrfs dataset for forensic analysis is of great interest and immense value to forensic community. This article presents a novel dataset for forensic analysis of Btrfs that was collected using a proposed data-recovery procedure. The dataset identifies various generalized and common file system layouts and operations, specific node-balancing mechanisms triggered, logical addresses of various data structures, on-disk records, recovered-data as directory entries and extent data from leaf and internal nodes, and percentage of data recovered.
2 Problems with the Use of Cross-Country Data in the Study of Economic Growth 2 . 1 . Data Problems

– The recent work on cross-country regressions can be compared to looking at “a black cat in a dark room”. Whether or not all this work has accomplished anything on the substantive economic issues is a moot question. But the search for “a black cat ” has led to some progress on the econometric front. The purpose of this paper is to comment on this progress. We discuss the problems with the use of cross-country panel data in the context of two problems: The analysis of economic growth and that of the purchasing power parity (PPP) theory. A propos de l’emploi des méthodes de panel sur des données inter-pays RÉSUMÉ. – Les travaux récents utilisant des régressions inter-pays peuvent être comparés à la recherche d'« un chat noir dans une pièce sans lumière ». La question de savoir si ces travaux ont apporté quelque chose de significatif à la connaissance économique est assez controversée. Mais la recherche du « chat noir » a conduit à quelques progrès en économétrie. L'objet de cet article est de discuter de ces progrès. Les problèmes posés par l'utilisation de panels de pays sont discutés dans deux contextes : celui de la croissance économique et de la convergence d'une part ; celui de la théorie de la parité des pouvoirs d'achat d'autre part.  I would like to thank M. NERLOVE, P. SEVESTRE and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. Responsability for the omissions and any errors is my own. ANNALES D’ÉCONOMIE ET DE STATISTIQUE. – N° 55-56 – 1999 « The Gods love the obscure and hate the obvious » BRIHADARANYAKA UPANISHAD