nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Ataxia, Intellectual Disability, and Ocular Apraxia with Cerebellar Cysts: A New Disease?

Cerebellar cysts are rare findings in pediatric neuroimaging and rather characteristic for dystroglycanopathies and GPR56-related encephalopathy. We aim to report on seven children with cerebellar cysts showing absence of weakness and ruling out mutations within eight dystroglycanopathy genes and GPR56. Data about neurological and ophthalmological features, outcome, and creatine kinase values were collected from clinical histories and follow-up examinations. All MR images were qualitatively evaluated for infra- and supratentorial abnormalities. A SNP 6.0-Array was performed in three children. The POMT1, POMT2, POMGnT1, FKRP, FKTN, LARGE, ISPD, B3GALNT2, and GPR56 genes were screened in all patients by Sanger sequencing. Seven children from five families were studied. Ataxia, intellectual disability, and language impairment were found in all patients, ocular motor apraxia in five, and severe myopia in three. None of the patients had weakness, only three a minimally increased creatine kinase value. Qualitative neuroimaging evaluation showed cerebellar cysts and dysplasia in the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis in all children. Additional findings were an enlarged fourth ventricle in all children, vermian hypoplasia and brain stem morphological abnormalities in five. The SNP array showed no pathogenetic imbalances in all children evaluated. In all patients, no mutations were found in POMT1, POMT2, POMGnT1, FKRP, FKTN, LARGE, ISPD, B3GALNT2, and GPR56. The peculiar combination of the same clinical and neuroimaging findings in our patients highly suggests that this phenotype may represent a novel entity, possibly falling within the spectrum of dystroglycanopathies.
Anticancer property of Bryophyllum pinnata (Lam.) Oken. leaf on human cervical cancer cells

Bryophyllum pinnata (B. pinnata) is a common medicinal plant used in traditional medicine of India and of other countries for curing various infections, bowel diseases, healing wounds and other ailments. However, its anticancer properties are poorly defined. In view of broad spectrum therapeutic potential of B. pinnata we designed a study to examine anti-cancer and anti-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) activities in its leaf extracts and tried to isolate its active principle.



A chloroform extract derived from a bulk of botanically well-characterized pulverized B. pinnata leaves was separated using column chromatography with step- gradient of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Fractions were characterized for phyto-chemical compounds by TLC, HPTLC and NMR and Biological activity of the fractions were examined by MTT-based cell viability assay, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Northern blotting and assay of apoptosis related proteins by immunoblotting in human cervical cancer cells.



Results showed presence of growth inhibitory activity in the crude leaf extracts with IC50 at 552 μg/ml which resolved to fraction F4 (Petroleum Ether:  and showed IC50 at 91 μg/ml. Investigations of anti-viral activity of the extract and its fraction revealed a specific anti-HPV activity on cervical cancer cells as evidenced by downregulation of constitutively active AP1 specific DNA binding activity and suppression of oncogenic c-Fos and c-Jun expression which was accompanied by inhibition of HPV18 transcription. In addition to inhibiting growth, fraction F4 strongly induced apoptosis as evidenced by an increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, suppression of the anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2, and activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP-1. Phytochemical analysis of fraction F4 by HPTLC and NMR indicated presence of activity that resembled Bryophyllin A.



Our study therefore demonstrates presence of anticancer and anti-HPV an activity in B. pinnata leaves that can be further exploited as a potential anticancer, anti-HPV therapeutic for treatment of HPV infection and cervical cancer.
A problem solving model for collaborative agents

This paper describes a model of problem solving for use in collaborative agents. It is intended as a practical model for use in implemented systems, rather than a study of the theoretical underpinnings of collaborative action. The model is based on our experience in building a series of interactive systems in different domains, including route planning, emergency management, and medical advising. It is currently being used in an implemented, end-to- end spoken dialogue system in which the system assists a person in managing their medications. While we are primarily focussed on human-machine collaboration, we believe that the model will equally well apply to interactions between sophisticated software agents that need to coordinate their activities.
Implementation and Experimental Results of Superposition Coding on Software Radio

Superposition coding is a well-known capacity-achieving coding scheme for stochastically degraded broadcast channels. Although well-studied in theory, it is important to understand issues that arise when implementing this scheme in a practical setting. In this paper, we present a software-radio based design of a superposition coding system on the GNU Radio platform with the Universal Software Radio Peripheral acting as the transceiver frontend. We also study the packet error performance and discuss some issues that arise in its implementation.
The geological record of ocean acidification.

Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however, assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations are limited by their reduced ecologic complexity and sample period, respectively. In contrast, the geological record contains long-term evidence for a variety of global environmental perturbations, including ocean acidification plus their associated biotic responses. We review events exhibiting evidence for elevated atmospheric CO(2), global warming, and ocean acidification over the past ~300 million years of Earth's history, some with contemporaneous extinction or evolutionary turnover among marine calcifiers. Although similarities exist, no past event perfectly parallels future projections in terms of disrupting the balance of ocean carbonate chemistry-a consequence of the unprecedented rapidity of CO(2) release currently taking place.
Video Super-Resolution via Residual Learning

Convolutional neural networks have been widely applied in many low level vision tasks. In this paper, we propose a video super-resolution (SR) method named enhanced video SR network with residual blocks (EVSR). The proposed EVSR fully exploits spatio-temporal information and can implicitly capture motion relations between consecutive frames. Therefore, unlike conventional methods to video SR, EVSR does not require an explicit motion compensation process. In addition, residual learning framework exhibits excellence in convergence rate and performance improvement. Based on this, residual blocks and long skip-connection with dimension adjustment layer are proposed to predict high-frequency details. Extensive experiments validate the superiority of our approach over state-of-the-art algorithms.
Color detection and segmentation for road and traffic signs

This paper aims to present three new methods for color detection and segmentation of road signs. The images are taken by a digital camera mounted in a car. The RGB images are converted into IHLS color space, and new methods are applied to extract the colors of the road signs under consideration. The methods are tested on hundreds of outdoor images in different light conditions, and they show high robustness. This project is part of the research taking place in Dalarna University/Sweden in the field of the ITS
Marker-free transgenic durum wheat cv. Karim expressing the AlSAP gene exhibits a high level of tolerance to salinity and dehydration stresses

We have recently isolated the AlSAP (stress-associated protein) gene from the halophyte grass Aeluropus littoralis and demonstrated that AlSAP expression improves tolerance to continuous salt and drought stresses in transgenic tobacco. To extend these findings to an important crop, we generated marker-free transgenic durum wheat plants of the commercial cv. Karim expressing the AlSAP gene. The integration and expression of AlSAP in T3 homozygous plants were ascertained by Southern, Northern and Western blotting respectively. AlSAP wheat lines exhibited improved germination rates and biomass production under severe salinity and osmotic stress conditions. Following a long-term salt or drought stress greenhouse trial, AlSAP lines produced normally filled grains whereas wild-type (WT) plants either died at the vegetative stage under salt stress or showed markedly reduced grain filling under drought stress. Measurements of the RWC (relative water content) and endogenous Na+ and K+ levels in leaves of AlSAP plants, showed a lower water loss rate and a higher Na+ accumulation in senescent-basal leaves, respectively, compared to those of WT plants. Taken together, these results extend to cereals the high potential of the AlSAP gene for engineering effective drought and salt tolerance.
On the Complexity of the Rank Syndrome Decoding Problem

In this paper, we propose two new generic attacks on the rank syndrome decoding (RSD) problem. Let C be a random [n, k] rank code over GF(qm) and let y = x + e be a received word, such that x ∈ C and rank(e) = r. The first attack, the support attack, is combinatorial and permits to recover an error e of rank weight r in min(O((n - k)3m3qr1(km/n)J, O((n - k)3m3q⌈(r-1)I(((k+1)m)/n)J))⌉ operations on GF(q). This new attack improves the exponent for the best generic attack for the RSD problem in the case n > m, by introducing the ratio m/n in the exponential coefficient of the previously best known attacks. The second attack, the annulator polynomial attack, is an algebraic attack based on the theory of q-polynomials introduced by Ore. We propose a new algebraic setting for the RSD problem that permits to consider equations and unknowns in the extension field GF(qm) rather than in GF(q) as it is usually the case. We consider two approaches to solve the problem in this new setting. The linearization technique shows that if n ≥ (k + 1) (r + 1) - 1 the RSD problem can be solved in polynomial time. More generally, we prove that if [(((r + 1)(k + 1)- (n + 1))/r)1 ≤ k, the RSD problem can be solved with an average complexity of O(r3k3qrΓ(((r+1)(k+1)-(n+1))/r)l)⌉ operations in the base field GF(q). We also consider solving with Gröbner bases for which we discuss theoretical complexity, we also consider hybrid solving with Gröbner bases on practical parameters. As an example of application, we use our new attacks on all recent cryptosystems parameters, which repair the GPT cryptosystem, we break all examples of published proposed parameters, and some parameters are broken in less than 1 s in certain cases.
Nevus vascularis mixtus (cutaneous vascular twin nevi) associated with intracranial vascular malformation of the Dyke-Davidoff-Masson type in two patients.

The term twin spotting refers to phenotypes characterized by the spatial and temporal co-occurrence of two (or more) different nevi arranged in variable cutaneous patterns, and can be associated with extra-cutaneous anomalies. Several examples of twin spotting have been described in humans including nevus vascularis mixtus, cutis tricolor, lesions of overgrowth, and deficient growth in Proteus and Elattoproteus syndromes, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis of Brocq, and the so-called phacomatoses pigmentovascularis and pigmentokeratotica. We report on a 28-year-old man and a 15-year-old girl, who presented with a previously unrecognized association of paired cutaneous vascular nevi of the telangiectaticus and anemicus types (naevus vascularis mixtus) distributed in a mosaic pattern on the face (in both patients) and over the entire body (in the man) and a complex brain malformation (in both patients) consisting of cerebral hemiatrophy, hypoplasia of the cerebral vessels and homolateral hypertrophy of the skull and sinuses (known as Dyke-Davidoff-Masson malformation). Both patients had facial asymmetry and the young man had facial dysmorphism, seizures with EEG anomalies, hemiplegia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), autoimmune thyroiditis, a large hepatic cavernous vascular malformation, and left Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) [LCPD-like presentation]. Array-CGH analysis and mutation analysis of the RASA1 gene were normal in both patients.
The effect of selective REM-sleep deprivation on the consolidation and affective evaluation of emotional memories

Emotion boosts the consolidation of events in the declarative memory system. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is believed to foster the memory consolidation of emotional events. On the other hand, REM sleep is assumed to reduce the emotional tone of the memory. Here, we investigated the effect of selective REM-sleep deprivation, SWS deprivation, or wake on the affective evaluation and consolidation of emotional and neutral pictures. Prior to an 9-h retention interval, sixty-two healthy participants (23.5 ± 2.5 years, 32 female, 30 male) learned and rated their affect to 80 neutral and 80 emotionally negative pictures. Despite rigorous deprivation of REM sleep or SWS, the residual sleep fostered the consolidation of neutral and negative pictures. Furthermore, emotional arousal helped to memorize the pictures. The better consolidation of negative pictures compared to neutral ones was most pronounced in the SWS-deprived group where a normal amount of REM sleep was present. This emotional memory bias correlated with REM sleep only in the SWS-deprived group. Furthermore, emotional arousal to the pictures decreased over time, but neither sleep nor wake had any differential effect. Neither the comparison of the affective ratings (arousal, valence) during encoding and recognition, nor the affective ratings of the recognized targets and rejected distractors supported the hypothesis that REM sleep dampens the emotional reaction to remembered stimuli. The data suggest that REM sleep fosters the consolidation of emotional memories but has no effect on the affective evaluation of the remembered contents.
A degree-of-knowledge model to capture source code familiarity

The size and high rate of change of source code comprising a software system make it difficult for software developers to keep up with who on the team knows about particular parts of the code. Existing approaches to this problem are based solely on authorship of code. In this paper, we present data from two professional software development teams to show that both authorship and interaction information about how a developer interacts with the code are important in characterizing a developer's knowledge of code. We introduce the degree-of-knowledge model that computes automatically a real value for each source code element based on both authorship and interaction information. We show that the degree-of-knowledge model can provide better results than an existing expertise finding approach and also report on case studies of the use of the model to support knowledge transfer and to identify changes of interest.
Access Control In and For the Real World

Access control is a core component of any information-security strategy. Researchers have spent tremendous energy over the past forty years defining abstract accesscontrol models and proving various properties about them. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to how well these models work in real socio-technical systems (i.e., real human organizations). This dissertation describes the results of two qualitative studies (involving 52 participants from four companies, drawn from the financial, software, and healthcare sectors) and observes that the current practice of access control is dysfunctional at best. It diagnoses the broken assumptions that are at the heart of this dysfunction, and offers a new definition of the access-control problem that is grounded in the requirements and limitations of the real world.
Stotting in Thomson's gazelles: an honest signal of condition

The incidence and context of stotting were studied in Thomson's gazelles. Results suggested that gazelles were far more likely to stot in response to coursing predators, such as wild dogs, than they were to stalking predators, such as cheetahs. During hunts, gazelles that wild dogs selected stotted at lower rates than those they did not select. In addition, those which were chased, but which outran the predators, were more likely to stot, and stotted for longer durations, than those which were chased and killed. In response to wild dogs, gazelles in the dry season, which were probably in poor condition, were less likely to stot, and stotted at lower rates, than those in the wet season. We suggest that stotting could be an honest signal of a gazelle's ability to outrun predators, which coursers take into account when selecting prey.
Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is an extremely simple dialect of SGML which is completely described in this document. The goal is to enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. For this reason, XML has been designed for ease of implementation, and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. Note on status of this document: This is even more of a moving target than the typical W3C working draft. Several important decisions on the details of XML are still outstanding members of the W3C SGML Working Group will recognize these areas of particular volatility in the spec, but those who are not intimately familiar with the deliberative process should be careful to avoid actions based on the content of this document, until the notice you are now reading has been removed.
Measurement and Analysis of Operating System Fault Tolerance

This paperdemonstratesa methodology tomodel and evaluatethe faulttolerancecharacteristics of operational software. The methodology is illustrated through case studies on three different operating systems: the Tandem GUARDIAN fault-tolerant system, the VAX/VMS distributed system, and the IBM/MVS system. Measurements are made on these systems for substantial periods to collect software error and recovery data. In addition to investigating basic dependability characteristics such as major so_ problems and error distributions, we develop two leveis of models to describe error and recovery processes inside an operating system and on multiple instances of an operating system running in a dislributed environmenL Based oft the models, reward analysis is conducted to evaluate the loss of service due to software errors and the effect of the fault-tolerance techniques implemented in the systems. Software error correlation in multicomputer systems is also investigated. Results show that I/O management and program flow control are the major sources of software problems in the measured IBM/MVS and VAX/VMS operating systems, while memory management is the major source of software problems in the TandeJn/GUARDIAN operating system. Software errors tend to occur in bursts on both IBM and VAX machines. This phenomemm islesspronounced in theTandem system,which can be attributed to its fault-tolerant design. The fault tolerance in the Tandem system reduces the loss of service due to software failures by an order of magnitude. Although the measured Tandem system is an experimental system working under accelerated stresses, the loss of service due to software problems is much smaller than that in the measured VAX/VMS and IBM/MVS systems. It is shown that the softwme Time To Error distributions obtained _rom data are not simple exponentials. This is in contrast with the conunon assumption of exponential failure times made in fanh-tolerant software models. Investigation of error conelatiom show that about 10% of software failures in the VAXcluster and 20% in the Tandem system occuned conctmeafly on multiple machines. The network-related software in the VAXcluster and the memory management software in the Tandem system are suspected to be software reliability bottlenecks for concurrent failures.
Power grid's Intelligent Stability Analysis based on big data technology

Based on the power system's stability and control theory, the paper carries out intelligence stability analysis of power system with big data technology. With big data and data mining technology, the paper takes advantage of the useful information from massive data, and makes out the corresponding security and stability of power system intelligent analysis and decision making through the intelligent information processing. The paper studies the integrated strategy of power system multi-source heterogeneous data, and establishes the structure of power system panoramic data. Then the power system Intelligent Stability Analysis System(ISAS) framework is established online, including stability assessment system and control-ability evaluation system. Based on the study of the large power system network characteristics and topology intelligent analysis, the actual regional power system's ISAS is researched and analyzed.
Genomic Spring-Synteny Visualization with IMAS

This paper presents a synteny visualization and analysis tool developed in connection with IMAS - the Interactive Multigenomic Analysis System. This visual analysis tool enables biologists to analyze the relationships among genomes of closely related organisms in terms of the locations of genes and clusters of genes. A biologist starts IMAS with the DNA sequence, uses BLAST to find similar genes in related sequences, and uses these similarity linkages to create an enhanced node-link diagram of syntenic sequences. We refer to this as Spring Synteny visualization, which is aimed at helping a biologist discover similar gene ordering relationships across species. The paper describes the techniques that are used to support synteny visualization, in terms of computation, visual design, and interaction design.
Using Verbs to Characterize Noun-Noun Relations

We present a novel, simple, unsupervised method for characterizing the semantic relations that hold between nouns in noun-noun compounds. The main idea is to discover predicates that make explicit the hidden relations between the nouns. This is accomplished by writing Web search engine queries that restate the noun compound as a relative clause containing a wildcard character to be filled in with a verb. A comparison to results from the literature suggest this is a promising approach.