nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Line Communications and the Smart Grid

The design of the Smart Grid requires solving a complex problem of combined sensing, communications and control and, thus, the problem of choosing a networking technology cannot be addressed without also taking into consideration requirements related to sensor networking and distributed control. These requirements are today still somewhat undefined so that it is not possible yet to give quantitative guidelines on how to choose one communication technology over the other. In this paper, we make a first qualitative attempt to better understand the role that Power Line Communications (PLCs) can have in the Smart Grid. Furthermore, we here report recent results on the electrical and topological properties of the power distribution network. The topological characterization of the power grid is not only important because it allows us to model the grid as an information source, but also because the grid becomes the actual physical information delivery infrastructure when PLCs are used.
Immature Gastric Teratoma – A rare paediatric intraabdominal neoplasm

We present a case report of a 4months old first born male child which was brought to our hospital with complaints of abdominal distension and mass in the upper abdomen causing feeding difficulty. Child was clinically found to have a firm non tender mass of about 10 x 8cms in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen which was clinically suspected to be Neuroblastoma. The child was subjected to ultrasound examination using 5-7Mhz Linear transducer in Philips HD11XE machine, which revealed a multicystic heterogeneous mass lesion of 10 x 8cms in the left hypochondrium, displacing the left kidney posteriorly and spleen inferiorly and crossing the midline showing significant peripheral colour uptake, possibility of Neuroblastoma. The child was then subject to CT scan of abdomen with contrast enhancement using 16slice Toshiba Activion scanner. The findings were a large, fairly well defined heterogeneous mass showing both solid and cystic areas showing significant internal and peripheral enhancement with areas of coarse amorphous calcifications. The mass was seen to erode the posterior wall of stomach and displacing the oral contrast within the stomach. The bowel loops were displaced inferiorly and towards the right, the left kidney posteriorly and the spleen inferiorly. No adjacent lymphadenopathy was seen. The child later underwent exploratory laparotomy and a large multicystic mass arising from postero-inferior wall of the stomach along its greater curvature was excised and stomach repaired. On histopathology it was proved to be an immature gastric teratoma containing mixed derivatives of all three germ cell layers.
A New Introduction to Modal Logic

To a generation of philosophers, modal logic was a field with ties to some of the most active areas of research and Hughes and Cresswell was the authoritative text and reference to that field. 'Hughes and Cresswell,' of course, referred to the authors' An Introduction to Modal Logic, published by Methuen in 1968 and reprinted as a University Paperback in 1972. Supposing no prior logic, An Introduction presented, in remarkably readable prose, axiomatic and semantic treatments of the propositional modal systems T, S4 and S5 (including completeness and decidability results), similar treatments of a few basic predicate systems, and an extensive survey of other results. Although this work continues to be widely used and cited, it has become somewhat dated. There are now more streamlined methods of proving completeness and decidability than the normal forms and semantic diagrams it employed. There has been a realization that the modal 'frame' is a more fundamental semantic notion than 'model' and a concomitant investigation of the phenomenon of modal 'incompleteness' (i.e., of systems not characterised by classes of frames). And there has been an explosion of further investigations and applications beyond those contained in the original survey. Several newer texts have appeared, but none combines the lucidity and the encyclopedic perspective of Hughes and Cresswell. Brian Chellas's excellent Modal Logic: An Introduction, for example, treats only the propositional systems. Hughes and Cresswell themselves tried to fill the void with A Companion to Modal Logic (Methuen & Co., 1984). This was a self-contained work in the same style, but at a more advanced level, than the previous. To use both an 'introduction' and 'companion' as texts is somewhat awkward, however, and the Companion itself has become dated. Thus, the New Introduction fills a great need. The relevant parts of An Introduction and A Companion have been rewritten and integrated with a wealth of new material into a worthy successor to the original Hughes and Cresswell.
Prediction of laminar vortex shedding over a cylinder using deep learning

Unsteady laminar vortex shedding over a circular cylinder is predicted using a deep learning technique, a generative adversarial network (GAN), with a particular emphasis on elucidating the potential of learning the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. Numerical simulations at two different Reynolds numbers with different time-step sizes are conducted to produce training datasets of flow field variables. Unsteady flow fields in the future at a Reynolds number which is not in the training datasets are predicted using a GAN. Predicted flow fields are found to qualitatively and quantitatively agree well with flow fields calculated by numerical simulations. The present study suggests that a deep learning technique can be utilized for prediction of laminar wake flow in lieu of solving the Navier-Stokes equations.
Applying virtual reality for trust-building e-commerce environments

The application of virtual reality in e-commerce has enormous potential for transforming online shopping into a real-world equivalent. However, the growing research interest focuses on virtual reality technology adoption for the development of e-commerce environments without addressing social and behavioral facets of online shopping such as trust. At the same time, trust is a critical success factor for e-commerce and remains an open issue as to how it can be accomplished within an online store. This paper shows that the use of virtual reality for online shopping environments offers an advanced customer experience compared to conventional web stores and enables the formation of customer trust. The paper presents a prototype virtual shopping mall environment, designed on principles derived by an empirically tested model for building trust in e-commerce. The environment is evaluated with an empirical study providing evidence and explaining that a virtual reality shopping environment would be preferred by customers over a conventional web store and would facilitate the assessment of the e-vendor’s trustworthiness.
SmartCampus: A user-centric testbed for Internet of Things experimentation

The Internet of Things (IoT) is not only about improving business processes, but has also the potential to profoundly impact the life of many citizens. Likewise the IoT can provide an useful tool for the longitudinal observation of human behavior and the understanding of behavioral patterns that can inform further IoT technology design. Today experimentation with IoT technologies is predominately carried out in lab based testbeds. There is however an emerging need for increased realism of the experimentation environment, as well as involvement of real end users into the experimentation lifecycle. In this paper we present SmartCampus, a user centric experimental research facility for IoT technologies. The current testbed deployment is focused on Smart Buildings, a key building block for cities of the future. Unlike current lab based testbeds, SmartCampus deeply embeds heterogeneous IoT devices as a programmable experimentation substrate in a real life office environment and makes flexible experimentation with real end users possible. We present the architecture realization of the current facility and underlying considerations that motivated its design. Using several recent experimental use cases, we demonstrate the usefulness of such experimental facilities for user-centric IoT research.
Imaging of the scrotum: role of MRI

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of imaging for correct clinical and therapeutic management of patients with scrotal disease. Between 2000 and 2007, 801 patients with suspected scrotal disease underwent colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) at our centre. In 46 patients, the CDUS study was followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CDUS revealed an inflammatory process in 277 patients (34.58%), testicular trauma in 112 (13.9%), funicular torsion or torsion of the vestigial remnant in 44 (5.4%), findings suggestive of testicular neoplasm in 35 (4.3%) and no abnormality in 41.5%. MRI, used to further investigate the CDUS findings in 46 cases, showed three cases of intraparenchymal haematoma, one of intrascrotal cavernous body rupture, one of testicular abscess with intrascrotal fistula, two of testicular infarction and 15 of neoplasm. MRI allowed the exclusion of focal abnormalities in ten patients with testicular microlithiasis, in three with chronic orchitis and in four with atrophic involution. MRI confirmed the finding of inguinal hernia in three cases. On the basis of our experience, CDUS is irreplaceable as an initial approach to patients affected by scrotal disease, whereas MRI is an ideal second-line investigation. MRI offers useful, and in some cases decisive, information, as it is capable of revealing unexpected findings and elucidating complex aspects. MRI helps improve patient management, with an overall reduction in costs. Scopo del lavoro è stato quello di valutare l’utilitá delle metodiche di immagine nei pazienti con patologia dello scroto per un corretto approccio clinico-terapeutico. Ottocentouno pazienti sono stati sottoposti ad indagine eco-color Doppler (ECD) e successivamente 46 pazienti sono stati indagati con risonanza magnetica (RM). L’ECD ha rilevato: in 277 pazienti (34,58%) processo flogistico, in 112 (13,9%) trauma del testicolo, in 44 (5,4%) torsione del funicolo o di un residuo embrionario, in 35 (4,3%) alterazioni riconducibili ad eteroplasia testicolare mentre nel 41,5% non erano presenti alterazioni patologiche. In 46 casi si è ricorsi alla RM per chiarimento o miglior definizione diagnostica del reperto ECD rilevando: 3 casi di ematoma intraparenchimale, 1 caso di rottura intrascrotale del corpo cavernoso, 1 caso di ascesso testicolare con fistola intrascrotale, 2 casi di infarto, 15 casi di eteroplasia. Inoltre ha permesso di escludere alterazioni focali in 10 pazienti affetti da microlitiasi testicolare (MT), in 3 con orchite cronica e in 4 con involuzione atrofica. In 3 casi ha confermato il reperto di ernia inguinale. Dalla nostra esperienza l’indagine ECD appare di insostituibile utilitá nel primo approccio ai pazienti con patologia scrotale e l’indagine RM rappresenta un ideale metodica di secondo livello. La RM è utile in casi selezionati, potendo rilevare situazioni complesse e precedentemente insospettabili, risultando in un miglioramento della gestione del paziente e in un contenimento globale dei costi.
An ant colony optimization algorithm for the redundancy allocation problem (RAP)

This paper uses an ant colony meta-heuristic optimization method to solve the redundancy allocation problem (RAP). The RAP is a well known NP-hard problem which has been the subject of much prior work, generally in a restricted form where each subsystem must consist of identical components in parallel to make computations tractable. Meta-heuristic methods overcome this limitation, and offer a practical way to solve large instances of the relaxed RAP where different components can be placed in parallel. The ant colony method has not yet been used in reliability design, yet it is a method that is expressly designed for combinatorial problems with a neighborhood structure, as in the case of the RAP. An ant colony optimization algorithm for the RAP is devised & tested on a well-known suite of problems from the literature. It is shown that the ant colony method performs with little variability over problem instance or random number seed. It is competitive with the best-known heuristics for redundancy allocation.
Density-aware person detection and tracking in crowds

We address the problem of person detection and tracking in crowded video scenes. While the detection of individual objects has been improved significantly over the recent years, crowd scenes remain particularly challenging for the detection and tracking tasks due to heavy occlusions, high person densities and significant variation in people's appearance. To address these challenges, we propose to leverage information on the global structure of the scene and to resolve all detections jointly. In particular, we explore constraints imposed by the crowd density and formulate person detection as the optimization of a joint energy function combining crowd density estimation and the localization of individual people. We demonstrate how the optimization of such an energy function significantly improves person detection and tracking in crowds. We validate our approach on a challenging video dataset of crowded scenes.
Comparing Static, Adaptable, and Adaptive Menus

Software applications continue to grow in terms of the number of features they offer, making personalization increasingly important. Research has shown that most users prefer the control afforded by an adaptable approach to personalization rather than a system-controlled adaptive approach. Both types of approaches offer advantages and disadvantages. No study, however, has compared the efficiency of the two approaches. In two controlled lab studies, we measured the efficiency of static, adaptive and adaptable interfaces in the context of pull-down menus. These menu conditions were implemented as split menus, in which the top four items remained static, were adaptable by the subject, or adapted according to the subject’s frequently and recently used items. The results of Study 1 showed that a static split menu was significantly faster than an adaptive split menu. Also, when the adaptable split menu was not the first condition presented to subjects, it was significantly faster than the adaptive split menu, and not significantly different from the static split menu. The majority of users preferred the adaptable menu overall. Several implications for personalizing user interfaces based on these results are discussed. One question which arose after Study 1 was whether prior exposure to the menus and task has an effect on the efficiency of the adaptable menus. A second study was designed to follow-up on the theory that prior exposure to different types of menu layouts influences a user’s willingness to customize. Though the observed power of this study was low and no statistically significant effect of type of exposure was found, a possible trend arose: that exposure to an adaptive interface may have a positive impact on the user’s willingness to customize. This and other secondary results are discussed, along with several areas for future work. The research presented in this thesis should be seen as an initial step towards a more thorough comparison of adaptive and adaptable interfaces, and should provide motivation for further development of adaptable interaction techniques.
Balancing fairness and efficiency in tiered storage systems with bottleneck-aware allocation

Multi-tiered storage made up of heterogeneous devices are raising new challenges in allocating throughput fairly among concurrent clients. The fundamental problem is finding an appropriate balance between fairness to the clients and maximizing system utilization. In this paper we cast the problem within the broader framework of fair allocation for multiple resources. We present a new allocation model BAA based on the notion of per-device bottleneck sets. Clients bottlenecked on the same device receive throughputs in proportion to their fair shares, while allocation ratios between clients in different bottleneck sets are chosen to maximize system utilization. We show formally that BAA satisfies fairness properties of Envy Freedom and Sharing Incentive. We evaluated the performance of our method using both simulation and implementation on a Linux platform. The experimental results show that our method can provide both high efficiency and fairness.
A Physically-Based Reflectance Model Combining Reflection and Diffraction

Reflectance properties express how objects in a virtual scene interact with light; they control the appearance of the object: whether it looks shiny or not, whether it has a metallic or plastic appearance. Having a good reflectance model is essential for the production of photorealistic pictures. Measured reflectance functions provide high realism at the expense of memory cost. Parametric models are compact, but finding the right parameters to approximate measured reflectance can be difficult. Most parametric models use a model of the surface micro-geometry to predict the reflectance at the macroscopic level. In this paper, we show that this micro-geometry causes two different physical phenomena: reflection and diffraction. Their relative importance is connected to the surface roughness. Taking both phenomena into account, we develop a new reflectance model that is compact, based on physical properties and provides a good approximation of measured reflectance.  Appearance, material, Reflectance, BRDF, Measured materials, Diffraction * Inria ;  Inria Un modèle de réflectance combinant diffraction et réflexion Résumé : Les propriétés de réflexion expriment la façon dont les objets interagissent avec la lumière dans les scènes virtuelles. Elles contrôlent l’apparence de l’objet: s’il apparaît brillant ou non; son aspect métallique ou plastique ? Le modèle de réflexion (BRDF) est primordial afin d’obtenir des images photo-réalistes. Les modèles de réflexion mesurés fournissent un haut degré de réalisme au détriment du coût mémoire. Les modèles paramétrés sont compacts mais il reste difficile de trouver les bonnes valeurs des paramètres à partir des réflectances mesurées. Dans ce rapport de recherche, nous montrons que deux phénomènes physiques sont présents dans les mesures de réflexion : la réflexion à proprement parler auquel s’ajoute le phénomène de diffraction. En prenant les deux en compte nous présentons un modèle de BRDF fournit une très bonne approximation des mesures tout en restant compact en mémoire. Les artistes peuvent modifier les paramètres du modèle qui sont reliés aux propriétés de la surface afin de créer de nouveau matériaux. Mots-clés : Modèles de matériaux, simulation de l’éclairage, réflectance, diffraction A Physically-Based Reflectance Model Combining Reflection and Diffraction 3 Our model Reference Difference (sMAPE) Scale
An evaluation of binary XML encoding optimizations for fast stream based xml processing

This paper provides an objective evaluation of the performance impacts of binary XML encodings, using a fast stream-based XQuery processor as our representative application. Instead of proposing one binary format and comparing it against standard XML parsers, we investigate the individual effects of several binary encoding techniques that are shared by many proposals. Our goal is to provide a deeper understanding of the performance impacts of binary XML encodings in order to clarify the ongoing and often contentious debate over their merits, particularly in the domain of high performance XML stream processing.
A Review on Knowledge Discovery using Text Classification Techniques in Text Mining

Data mining is process of identify the knowledge from large data set. Knowledge discovery from textual database is a process of extracting interested or non retrival pattern from unstructured text document. With rapid growing of information increasing trends in people to extract knowledge from large text document. A text mining frame work contain preprocess on text and techniques used to retrieve information like classification, clustering, summarization, information extraction, and visualization. . There are several text classification techniques are review in this review paper such as SVM, Naïve bayes, KNN, Association rule, and decision tree classifier. Which categorized the text data in to pre define class. In this review paper we study deferent techniques of text mining to extracting relevant information on demand. The goal of the paper is to review and understand different text classification techniques and finding the best one out for different prospective. From reviews I propose method with the use best classification method to improve the performance of result and improve indexing. And show the comparison of different classification techniques.
Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Italian version of the Foot Function Index in patients with foot and ankle diseases

The purpose of this study was to translate the Foot Function Index (FFI) into Italian, to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of FFI. The Italian FFI was developed according to the recommended forward/backward translation protocol and evaluated in patients with foot and ankle diseases. Feasibility, reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)], internal consistency [Cronbach’s alpha (CA)], construct validity (correlation with the SF-36 and a visual analogue scale (VAS) assessing for pain), responsiveness to surgery were assessed. The standardized effect size and standardized response mean were also evaluated. A total of 89 patients were recruited (mean age 51.8 ± 13.9 years, range 21–83). The Italian version of the FFI consisted in 18 items separated into a pain and disability subscales. CA value was 0.95 for both the subscales. The reproducibility was good with an ICC of 0.94 and 0.91 for pain and disability subscales, respectively. A strong correlation was found between the FFI and the scales of the SF-36 and the VAS with related content, particularly in the areas of physical function and pain was observed indicating good construct validity. After surgery, the mean FFI improved from 55.9 ± 24.8 to 32.4 ± 26.3 for the pain subscale and from 48.8 ± 28.8 to 24.9 ± 23.7 for the disability subscale (P < 0.01). The Italian version of the FFI showed satisfactory psychometric properties in Italian patients with foot and ankle diseases. Further testing in different and larger samples is required in order to ensure the validity and reliability of this score.
Noise Estimation from a Single Image

In order to work well, many computer vision algorithms require that their parameters be adjusted according to the image noise level, making it an important quantity to estimate. We show how to estimate an upper bound on the noise level from a single image based on a piecewise smooth image prior model and measured CCD camera response functions. We also learn the space of noise level functions how noise level changes with respect to brightness and use Bayesian MAP inference to infer the noise level function from a single image. We illustrate the utility of this noise estimation for two algorithms: edge detection and featurepreserving smoothing through bilateral filtering. For a variety of different noise levels, we obtain good results for both these algorithms with no user-specified inputs.