nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Mining structural hole spanners through information diffusion in social networks

The theory of structural holes suggests that individuals would benefit from filling the "holes" (called as structural hole spanners) between people or groups that are otherwise disconnected. A few empirical studies have verified that structural hole spanners play a key role in the information diffusion. However, there is still lack of a principled methodology to detect structural hole spanners from a given social network.
 In this work, we precisely define the problem of mining top-k structural hole spanners in large-scale social networks and provide an objective (quality) function to formalize the problem. Two instantiation models have been developed to implement the objective function. For the first model, we present an exact algorithm to solve it and prove its convergence. As for the second model, the optimization is proved to be NP-hard, and we design an efficient algorithm with provable approximation guarantees.
 We test the proposed models on three different networks: Coauthor, Twitter, and Inventor. Our study provides evidence for the theory of structural holes, e.g., 1% of Twitter users who span structural holes control 25% of the information diffusion on Twitter. We compare the proposed models with several alternative methods and the results show that our models clearly outperform the comparison methods. Our experiments also demonstrate that the detected structural hole spanners can help other social network applications, such as community kernel detection and link prediction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to address the problem of mining structural hole spanners in large social networks.
Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction.

Hyperuricemia has been linked to cardiovascular and renal diseases, possibly through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent endothelial dysfunction. The enzymatic effect of xanthine oxidase is the production of ROS and uric acid. Studies have shown that inhibiting xanthine oxidase with allopurinol can reverse endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, rat studies have shown that hyperuricemia-induced hypertension and vascular disease is at least partially reversed by the supplementation of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) substrate, L-arginine. Therefore, we hypothesized that uric acid induces endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting nitric oxide production.



Hyperuricemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with an uricase inhibitor, oxonic acid, by gavage; control rats received vehicle. Allopurinol was placed in drinking water to block hyperuricemia. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) allopurinol only, (3) oxonic acid only, and (4) oxonic acid + allopurinol. Rats were sacrificed at 1 and 7 days, and their serum analyzed for serum uric acid and nitrites/nitrates concentrations. The effect of uric acid on nitric oxide production was also determined in bovine aortic endothelial cells.



Oxonic acid induced mild hyperuricemia at both 1 and 7 days (P < 0.05). Allopurinol reversed the hyperuricemia at 7 days (P < .001). Serum nitrites and nitrates (NO(X)) were reduced in hyperuricemic rats at both 1 and 7 days (P < .001). Allopurinol slightly reversed the decrease in NO(X) at 1 day and completely at 7 days (P < .001). There was a direct linear correlation between serum uric acid and NO(X) (R(2)= 0.56) and a trend toward higher systolic blood pressure in hyperuricemic rats (P= NS). Uric acid was also found to inhibit both basal and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced nitric oxide production in bovine aortic endothelial cells.



Hyperuricemic rats have a decrease in serum nitric oxide which is reversed by lowering uric acid levels. Soluble uric acid also impairs nitric oxide generation in cultured endothelial cells. Thus, hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction; this may provide insight into a pathogenic mechanism by which uric acid may induce hypertension and vascular disease.
Scapula osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction of the head and neck: impact of flap choice on surgical and medical complications.

The scapula osteocutaneous free flap is frequently used to reconstruct complex head and neck defects given its tissue versatility. Because of minimal atherosclerotic changes in its vascular pedicle, this flap also may be used as a second choice when other osseous flaps are not available because of vascular disease at a preferred donor site.



We performed a retrospective chart review evaluating flap outcome as well as surgical and medical complications based upon the flap choice.



The flap survival rate was 97%. The surgical complication rate was similar for the 21 first-choice flaps (57.1%) and the 12 second-choice flaps (41.7%; p = .481). However, patients having second-choice flaps had a higher rate of medical complications (66.7%) than those with first-choice flaps (28.6%; p = .066). Age and the presence of comorbidities were associated with increased medical complications. All patients with comorbidities that had a second-choice flap experienced medical complications, with most being severe.



The scapula osteocutaneous free flap has a high success rate in head and neck reconstruction. Surgical complications occur frequently regardless of whether the flap is used as a first or second choice. However, medical complications are more frequent and severe in patients undergoing second-choice flaps.
Thematic Analysis and Visualization of Textual Corpus

The semantic analysis of documents is a domain of intense research at present. The works in this domain can take several directions and touch several levels of granularity. In the present work we are exactly interested in the thematic analysis of the textual documents. In our approach, we suggest studying the variation of the theme relevance within a text to identify the major theme and all the minor themes evoked in the text. This allows us at the second level of analysis to identify the relations of thematic associations in a textual corpus. Through the identification and the analysis of these association relations we suggest generating thematic paths allowing users, within the frame work of information search system, to explore the corpus according to their themes of interest and to discover new knowledge by navigating in the thematic association relations.
A rare case presentation of oral actinomycosis.

Actinomycosis is an infectious disease caused by a gram-positive anaerobic or microaerophilic Actinomyces species that causes both chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. The following study reports a 48-year-old Iranian woman presenting with a spontaneous discharging sinus on the hard palate for 8months. The patient has no past medical history of note. Laboratory findings were unremarkable. The diagnosis was based on history and clinical evidence of the lesion confirmed by histopathological examination. The patient was treated with a regimen of oral ampicillin 500mg four times a day. She had a marked response to the treatment after 4weeks, and it was planned to continue the treatment for at least 6months with regular follow-up. To the best of the researchers' knowledge, this is the first report of actinomycotic sinus tract of the hard palate in Iran.
Audiovisual Attention Modeling and Salient Event Detection

Although human perception appears to be automatic and unconscious, complex sensory mechanisms exist that form the preattentive component of understanding and lead to awareness. Considerable research has been carried out into these preattentive mechanisms and computational models have been developed for similar problems in the fields of computer vision and speech analysis. The focus here is to explore aural and visual information in video streams for modeling attention and detecting salient events. The separate aural and visual modules may convey explicit, complementary or mutually exclusive information around the detected audiovisual events. Based on recent studies on perceptual and computational attention modeling, we formulate measures of attention using features of saliency for the audiovisual stream. Audio saliency is captured by signal modulations and related multifrequency band features, extracted through nonlinear operators and energy tracking. Visual saliency is measured by means of a spatiotemporal attention model driven by various feature cues (intensity, color, motion). Features from both modules mapped to one-dimensional, time-varying saliency curves, from which statistics of salient segments can be extracted and important audio or visual events can be detected through adaptive, threshold-based mechanisms. Audio and video curves are integrated in a single attention curve, where events may be enhanced, suppressed or vanished. Salient events from the audiovisual curve are detected through geometrical features such as local extrema, sharp transitions and level sets. The potential of inter-module fusion and audiovisual event detection is demonstrated in applications such as video key-frame selection, video skimming and video annotation.
Part-of-Speech Tagging for Twitter with Adversarial Neural Networks

In this work, we study the problem of partof-speech tagging for Tweets. In contrast to newswire articles, Tweets are usually informal and contain numerous out-ofvocabulary words. Moreover, there is a lack of large scale labeled datasets for this domain. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel neural network to make use of out-of-domain labeled data, unlabeled in-domain data, and labeled indomain data. Inspired by adversarial neural networks, the proposed method tries to learn common features through adversarial discriminator. In addition, we hypothesize that domain-specific features of target domain should be preserved in some degree. Hence, the proposed method adopts a sequence-to-sequence autoencoder to perform this task. Experimental results on three different datasets show that our method achieves better performance than state-of-the-art methods.
Fuzzy logic controller implementation on a FPGA using VHDL

Fuzzy-logic-based control (FLC) systems have emerged as one of the most promising areas for research in Applied Computational Intelligence. These systems operate with knowledge represented in a linguistic form (IF-THEN rules) that describes relations which are not precisely known, but those effects are intuitively understood by humans. This fundamental feature makes FLC a powerful tool for industrial applications, since complex systems can be controlled by easily comprehensive rules. The growth in number of fuzzy logic applications led to the need of finding efficient and economic ways to implement them. The Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) devices, with their reconfigurable logic, practicality, portability, low consumption of energy, high operation speedy and large datastorage capacity, are a great choice for FLC embedded systems project development and prototyping. In this paper, the design and implementation of a Mamdani-type Fuzzy controller is demonstrated using VHDL programming language.
Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Like many epithelial tumors, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) contains a heterogeneous population of cancer cells. We developed an immunodeficient mouse model to test the tumorigenic potential of different populations of cancer cells derived from primary, unmanipulated human HNSCC samples. We show that a minority population of CD44(+) cancer cells, which typically comprise <10% of the cells in a HNSCC tumor, but not the CD44(-) cancer cells, gave rise to new tumors in vivo. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the CD44(+) cancer cells have a primitive cellular morphology and costain with the basal cell marker Cytokeratin 5/14, whereas the CD44(-) cancer cells resemble differentiated squamous epithelium and express the differentiation marker Involucrin. The tumors that arose from purified CD44(+) cells reproduced the original tumor heterogeneity and could be serially passaged, thus demonstrating the two defining properties of stem cells: ability to self-renew and to differentiate. Furthermore, the tumorigenic CD44(+) cells differentially express the BMI1 gene, at both the RNA and protein levels. By immunohistochemical analysis, the CD44(+) cells in the tumor express high levels of nuclear BMI1, and are arrayed in characteristic tumor microdomains. BMI1 has been demonstrated to play a role in self-renewal in other stem cell types and to be involved in tumorigenesis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that cells within the CD44(+) population of human HNSCC possess the unique properties of cancer stem cells in functional assays for cancer stem cell self-renewal and differentiation and form unique histological microdomains that may aid in cancer diagnosis.
BAG: A designer-oriented integrated framework for the development of AMS circuit generators

We introduce BAG, the Berkeley Analog Generator, an integrated framework for the development of generators of Analog and Mixed Signal (AMS) circuits. Such generators are parameterized design procedures that produce sized schematics and correct layouts optimized to meet a set of input specifications. BAG extends previous work by implementing interfaces to integrate all steps of the design flow into a single environment and by providing helper classes -- both at the schematic and layout level -- to aid the designer in developing truly parameterized and technology-independent circuit generators. This simplifies the codification of common tasks including technology characterization, schematic and testbench translation, simulator interfacing, physical verification and extraction, and parameterized layout creation for common styles of layout. We believe that this approach will foster design reuse, ease technology migration, and shorten time-to-market, while remaining close to the classical design flow to ease adoption. We have used BAG to design generators for several circuits, including a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and a Switched-Capacitor (SC) voltage regulator in a CMOS 65nm process. We also present results from automatic migration of our designs to a 40nm process.
A practical MRI grading system for lumbar foraminal stenosis.

This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of a new grading system for lumbar foraminal stenosis.



Four grades were developed for lumbar foraminal stenosis on the basis of sagittal MRI. Grade 0 refers to the absence of foraminal stenosis; grade 1 refers to mild foraminal stenosis showing perineural fat obliteration in the two opposing directions, vertical or transverse; grade 2 refers to moderate foraminal stenosis showing perineural fat obliteration in the four directions without morphologic change, both vertical and transverse directions; and grade 3 refers to severe foraminal stenosis showing nerve root collapse or morphologic change. A total of 576 foramina in 96 patients were analyzed (from L3-L4 to L5-S1). Two experienced radiologists independently assessed the sagittal MR images. Interobserver agreement between the two radiologists and intraobserver agreement by one reader were analyzed using kappa statistics.



According to reader 1, grade 1 foraminal stenosis was found in 33 foramina, grade 2 in six, and grade 3 in seven. According to reader 2, grade 1 foraminal stenosis was found in 32 foramina, grade 2 in six, and grade 3 in eight. Interobserver agreement in the grading of foraminal stenosis between the two readers was found to be nearly perfect (kappa value: right L3-L4, 1.0; left L3-L4, 0.905; right L4-L5, 0.929; left L4-L5, 0.942; right L5-S1, 0.919; and left L5-S1, 0.909). In intraobserver agreement by reader 1, grade 1 foraminal stenosis was found in 34 foramina, grade 2 in eight, and grade 3 in seven. Intraobserver agreement in the grading of foraminal stenosis was also found to be nearly perfect (kappa value: right L3-L4, 0.883; left L3-L4, 1.00; right L4-L5, 0.957; left L4-L5, 0.885; right L5-S1, 0.800; and left L5-S1, 0.905).



The new grading system for foraminal stenosis of the lumbar spine showed nearly perfect interobserver and intraobserver agreement and would be helpful for clinical study and routine practice.
Separate Vertical Wiring for the Fixation of Comminuted Fractures of the Inferior Pole of the Patella

Among patients over 50 years of age, separate vertical wiring alone may be insufficient for fixation of fractures of the inferior pole of the patella. Therefore, mechanical and clinical studies were performed in patients over the age of 50 to test the strength of augmentation of separate vertical wiring with cerclage wire (i.e., combined technique).



Multiple osteotomies were performed to create four-part fractures in the inferior poles of eight pairs of cadaveric patellae. One patella from each pair was fixed with the separate wiring technique, while the other patella was fixed with a combined technique. The ultimate load to failure and stiffness of the fixation were subsequently measured. In a clinical study of 21 patients (average age of 64 years), comminuted fractures of the inferior pole of the patellae were treated using the combined technique. Operative parameters were recorded from which post-operative outcomes were evaluated.



For cadaveric patellae, whose mean age was 69 years, the mean ultimate loads to failure for the separate vertical wiring technique and the combined technique were 216.4±72.4 N and 324.9±50.6 N, respectively (p=0.012). The mean stiffness for the separate vertical wiring technique and the combined technique was 241.1±68.5 N/mm and 340.8±45.3 N/mm, respectively (p=0.012). In the clinical study, the mean clinical score at final follow-up was 28.1 points.



Augmentation of separate vertical wiring with cerclage wire provides enough strength for protected early exercise of the knee joint and uneventful healing.
A trapezoidal type-2 fuzzy multi-criteria decision making method based on TOPSIS for supplier selection : An application in textile sector

Öz Supplier evaluation and selection includes both qualitative and quantitative criteria and it is considered as a complex Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. Uncertainty and impreciseness of data is an integral part of decision making process for a real life application. The fuzzy set theory allows making decisions under uncertain environment. In this paper, a trapezoidal type 2 fuzzy multicriteria decision making methods based on TOPSIS is proposed to select convenient supplier under vague information. The proposed method is applied to the supplier selection process of a textile firm in Turkey. In addition, the same problem is solved with type 1 fuzzy TOPSIS to confirm the findings of type 2 fuzzy TOPSIS. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to observe how the decision changes under different scenarios. Results show that the presented type 2 fuzzy TOPSIS method is more appropriate and effective to handle the supplier selection in uncertain environment. Tedarikçi değerlendirme ve seçimi, nitel ve nicel çok sayıda faktörün değerlendirilmesini gerektiren karmaşık birçok kriterli karar verme problemi olarak görülmektedir. Gerçek hayatta, belirsizlikler ve muğlaklık bir karar verme sürecinin ayrılmaz bir parçası olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bulanık küme teorisi, belirsizlik durumunda karar vermemize imkân sağlayan metotlardan bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada, ikizkenar yamuk tip 2 bulanık TOPSIS yöntemi kısaca tanıtılmıştır. Tanıtılan yöntem, Türkiye’de bir tekstil firmasının tedarikçi seçimi problemine uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, tip 2 bulanık TOPSIS yönteminin sonuçlarını desteklemek için aynı problem tip 1 bulanık TOPSIS ile de çözülmüştür. Duyarlılık analizi yapılarak önerilen çözümler farklı senaryolar altında incelenmiştir. Duyarlılık analizi sonuçlarına göre tip 2 bulanık TOPSIS daha efektif ve uygun çözümler üretmektedir.
Experimental estimation of a 5-axis active control type bearingless canned motor pump

Bearingless motors are characterized by integration of electrical motors and magnetic bearings. These motors can realize magnetic suspension of rotor shafts without mechanical contacts. If the bearingless motor is applied to a canned motor pump, it is possible to levitate and rotate a impeller and a rotor shaft of a centrifugal pump. Therefore, the bearingless canned motor pump can realize next several advantages; (1) high power and high head, (2) clean liquid sending, (3) maintenance free, (4) longer operating life, (5) high chemical resistance. On the other hand, the rotor shaft and the stator must be covered with thick bulkheads, because fluid flows into the gap between the rotor shaft and the stator. It becomes difficult to generate sufficient suspension force for magnetic suspension, as a magnetic gap length is increased by the thick bulkheads. Accordingly, a novel structure of a 5-axis active control type bearingless motor, that can generate the sufficient suspension force under the wide-gap condition, has been proposed. This paper introduces pump characteristics with experiments using a prototype of the proposed novel structure.
A novel log-periodic dipole antenna with distributed inductive load

This article studied a novel Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) with distributed inductive load for size reduction. By adding a short circuit stub at top of the each element, the dimensions of the LPDA are reduced by nearly 50% compared to the conventional one. The impedance bandwidth of the presented antenna is nearly 122% (54~223MHz) (S11<;10dB), and this antenna is very suited for BROADCAST and TV applications.
A Low-Cost Lane-Determination System Using GNSS/IMU Fusion and HMM-Based Multistage Map Matching

This paper presents a low-cost real-time lane-determination system that fuses micro-electromechanical systems inertial sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and commercially available road network maps. The system can be used for intelligent transportation systems, telematics applications, and autonomous driving. The system does not depend on visual markings or highly precise GNSS technology, such as DGPS or RTK, and it does not need explicit lane-level resolution maps. High-resolution estimation of the vehicle’s position, velocity, and orientation is implemented by fusing inertial sensors with GNSS in a loosely coupled mode using extended Kalman filter. A curve-to-curve road-level map-matching is implemented using a hidden Markov model followed by a least-square regression step that estimates the vehicle’s lane. The system includes a lane-change detector based on inertial sensors and the filtered vehicle’s state. The system has been realized in real time and tested extensively on real-road data. Experiments showed robust map-matching in challenging road intersections and a 97.14% lane-determination success rate.
The role of acrylic acid impurity as a sensitizing component in electrocardiogram electrodes.

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by (meth)acrylates is well known, both in occupational and in non-occupational settings. Contact hypersensitivity to electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes containing (meth)acrylates is rarely reported.



To report the first case of contact dermatitis caused by acrylic acid impurity in ECG electrodes.



Patch tests were performed with separate components of electrodes and some (meth)acrylates. This was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography of electrode hydrogel.



The patient was contact-allergic to electrode hydrogel but not to its separate constituents. Positive reactions were observed to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Subsequent analysis showed that the electrode hydrogel contained acrylic acid as an impurity. The latter was subsequently patch tested, with a positive result.



The sensitization resulting from direct contact with ECG electrodes was caused by acrylic acid, present as an impurity in ECG electrodes. Positive reactions to 2-HEMA, 2-HPMA and EGDMA are considered to be cross-reactions.