nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast detection of memory leaks and access errors

This paper describes Purify, a software testing and quality assurance tool that detects memory leaks and access errors. Purify inserts additional checking instructions directly into the object code produced by existing compilers. These instructions check every memory read and write performed by the program-undertest and detect several types of access errors, such as reading uninitialized memory or writing to freed memory. Purify inserts checking logic into all of the code in a program, including third-party and vendor object-code libraries, and verifies system call interfaces. In addition, Purify tracks memory usage and identifies individual memory leaks using a novel adaptation of garbage collection techniques. Purify produces standard executable files compatible with existing debuggers. Purify's nearly comprehensive memory access checking slows the target program down typically by less than a factor of three and has resulted in significantly more reliable software for several development groups.
?Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm for Multi-UAV Formation Reconfiguration

The initial state of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system and the relative state of the system, the continuous inputs of each flight unit are piecewise linear by a Control Parameterization and Time Discretization (CPTD) method. The approximation piecewise linearization control inputs are used to substitute for the continuous inputs. In this way, the multi-UAV formation reconfiguration problem can be formulated as an optimal control problem with dynamical and algebraic constraints. With strict constraints and mutual interference, the multi-UAV formation reconfiguration in 3-D space is a complicated problem. The recent boom of bio-inspired algorithms has attracted many researchers to the field of applying such intelligent approaches to complicated optimization problems in multi-UAVs. In this paper, a Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm (HPSOGA) is proposed to solve the multi-UAV formation reconfiguration problem, which is modeled as a parameter optimization problem. This new approach combines the advantages of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), which can find the time-optimal solutions simultaneously. The proposed HPSOGA will also be compared with basic PSO algorithm and the series of experimental results will show that our HPSOGA outperforms PSO in solving multi-UAV formation reconfiguration problem under complicated environments.
A Novel Symmetric Double-Slot Structure for Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna to Lower Cross-Polarization Level

An antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) with novel symmetric two-layer double-slot structure is proposed. When excited with equiamplitude and opposite phase, the two slots will have the sum vector of their E-field vectors parallel to the antenna’s plane, which is uniform to the E-field vector in the slot of a balanced AVA with three-layer structure. Compared with a typical AVA with the same size, the proposed antenna has better impedance characteristics because of the amelioration introduced by the coupling between the two slots, as well as the more symmetric radiation patterns and the remarkably lowered cross-polarization level at the endfire direction. For validating the analysis, an UWB balun based on the double-sided parallel stripline is designed for realizing the excitation, and a sample of the proposed antenna is fabricated. The measured results reveal that the proposed has an operating frequency range from 2.8 to 15 GHz, in which the cross-polarization level is less than −24.8 dB. Besides, the group delay of two face-to-face samples has a variation less than 0.62 ns, which exhibits the ability of the novel structure for transferring pulse signal with high fidelity. The simple two-layer structure, together with the improvement both in impedance and radiation characteristics, makes the proposed antenna much desirable for the UWB applications.
Review of studies of healing touch.

To review studies of healing touch and its implications for practice and research.



A review of the literature from published works, abstracts from conference proceedings, theses, and dissertations was conducted to synthesize information on healing touch. Works available until June 2003 were referenced.



The studies were categorized by target of interventions and outcomes were evaluated.



Over 30 studies have been conducted with healing touch as the independent variable. Although no generalizable results were found, a foundation exists for further research to test its benefits.
High expression of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) is a novel favorable prognostic factor in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia.

Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) is a key transcription factor of Wnt signaling. We recently showed that aberrant LEF1 expression induces acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in mice, and found high LEF1 expression in a subset of cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) patients. Whether LEF1 expression associates with clinical and molecular patient characteristics and treatment outcomes remained unknown. We therefore studied LEF1 expression in 210 adults with CN-AML treated on German AML Cooperative Group trials using microarrays. High LEF1 expression (LEF1high) associated with significantly better relapse-free survival (RFS; P < .001), overall survival (OS; P < .001), and event-free survival (EFS; P < .001). In multivariable analyses adjusting for established prognosticators, LEF1high status remained associated with prolonged RFS (P = .007), OS (P = .01), and EFS (P = .003). In an independent validation cohort of 196 CN-AML patients provided by the German-Austrian AML Study Group, LEF1high patients had significantly longer OS (P = .02) and EFS (P = .04). We validated the prognostic relevance of LEF1 expression by quantitative PCR, thereby providing a clinically applicable platform to incorporate this marker into future risk-stratification systems for CN-AML. Gene-expression profiling and immunophenotyping revealed up-regulation of lymphopoiesis-related genes and lymphoid cell-surface antigens in LEF1high patients. In summary, we provide evidence that high LEF1 expression is a novel favorable prognostic marker in CN-AML.
Multisensory integration: psychophysics, neurophysiology, and computation

Fundamental observations and principles derived from traditional physiological studies of multisensory integration have been difficult to reconcile with computational and psychophysical studies that share the foundation of probabilistic (Bayesian) inference. We review recent work on multisensory integration, focusing on experiments that bridge single-cell electrophysiology, psychophysics, and computational principles. These studies show that multisensory (visual-vestibular) neurons can account for near-optimal cue integration during the perception of self-motion. Unlike the nonlinear (superadditive) interactions emphasized in some previous studies, visual-vestibular neurons accomplish near-optimal cue integration through subadditive linear summation of their inputs, consistent with recent computational theories. Important issues remain to be resolved, including the observation that variations in cue reliability appear to change the weights that neurons apply to their different sensory inputs.
Generating query substitutions

We introduce the notion of query substitution, that is, generating a new query to replace a user's original search query. Our technique uses modifications based on typical substitutions web searchers make to their queries. In this way the new query is strongly related to the original query, containing terms closely related to all of the original terms. This contrasts with query expansion through pseudo-relevance feedback, which is costly and can lead to query drift. This also contrasts with query relaxation through boolean or TFIDF retrieval, which reduces the specificity of the query. We define a scale for evaluating query substitution, and show that our method performs well at generating new queries related to the original queries. We build a model for selecting between candidates, by using a number of features relating the query-candidate pair, and by fitting the model to human judgments of relevance of query suggestions. This further improves the quality of the candidates generated. Experiments show that our techniques significantly increase coverage and effectiveness in the setting of sponsored search.
The Minimal Sum of Altitudes Decomposition for Coverage Algorithms

The coverage problem in the field of robotics is the problem of moving a sensor or actuator over all points in a given region. Example applications of this problem are lawn mowing, spray painting, and aerial or underwater mapping. In this paper, I consider the single-robot offline version of this problem, i.e. given a map of the region to be covered, plan an efficient path for a single robot that sweeps the sensor or actuator over all points. One basic approach to this problem is to decompose the region into subregions, select a sequence of those subregions, and then generate a path that covers each subregion in turn. This paper addresses the problem of creating a good decomposition. Under certain assumptions, the cost to cover a polygonal subregion is proportional to its minimum altitude. An optimal decomposition then minimizes the sum of subregion altitudes. This paper describes an algorithm to find the minimal sum of altitudes (MSA) decomposition of a region with a polygonal boundary and polygonal holes. This algorithm creates an initial decomposition based upon multiple line sweeps and then applies dynamic programming to find the optimal decomposition. This paper describes the algorithm and reports results from an implementation. Several appendices give details and proofs regarding line sweep algorithms.
Voith Turbo The Voith Schneider Propeller Current Applications and New Developments

2 Introduction 3 Design of the Voith Schneider Propeller 5 The hydrodynamic principle of thrust generation 9 Hydrodynamic characteristics of Voith Schneider Propellers 12 Hydrodynamic calculation methods for Voith Schneider Propellers 13 Ships with Voith Schneider Propellers 16 Ship Assistance with Voith Water Tractors 18 Voith Water Tractors as escort ships 19 Voith Turbo Fin (VTF) 21 Mine Countermeasure Vessels (MCMV) with VSP 22 Voith Cycloidal Rudder (VCR) 26 Bibliography 1 2 2 Voith Schneider Propellers (VSP) are used primarily for ships that have to satisfy particularly demanding safety and manoeuvrability requirements. Unique to the Voith Schneider Propeller is its vertical axis of rotation. The thrust is generated by separately oscillating, balanced propeller blades. Due to its physical operating principle and its design, thrust adjustments can be done very quickly. The VSP, a controllable-pitch propeller, permits continuously variable thrust adjustment through 360°. Combining steering and propulsion. Rapid, step-less thrust variation according to X/Y coordinates improves ship handling. Voith Schneider Propellers operate at a comparatively low revolutional speed and are therefore notable for their long service life and very low maintenance requirements. Currently , VSPs are used primarily on Voith Water Tractors (VWT), double-ended ferries (DEF), mine countermeasure vessels (MCMV), passenger ships, buoy layers and floating cranes. The development of the Voith Water Tractor (VWT) is significant and has dramatically increased the safety of tug operations. When escorting ships carrying hazardous cargo, the Voith Water Tractor achieves the highest assistance forces for a wide speed range due to its optimum design. Specifically designed VWT´s enable escort duties to be carried out safely , even at high speeds. The Voith Water Tractor marked the introduction of indirect steering to ship assistance. Recently, the systematic use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has provided a more detailed understanding of the flow physics of the Voith Schneider Propeller. Combined with the use of modern development tools (3D-CAD, FEM), CFD is opening up new prospects for accelerated development work. Continuous improvements in the VSP´s hydromechanical properties
Children ’ s Physical Activity and Environmental Influences During Elementary School Physical Education

Physical activity (PA) during physical education is important for health purposes and for developing physical fitness and movement skills. To examine PA levels and how PA was influenced by environmental and instructor-related characteristics, we assessed children’s activity during 368 lessons taught by 105 physical education specialists in 42 randomly selected schools in Hong Kong. Trained observers used SOFIT in randomly selected classes, grades 4–6, during three climatic seasons. Results indicated children’s PA levels met the U.S. Healthy People 2010 objective of 50% engagement time and were higher than comparable U.S. populations. Multiple regression analyses revealed that temperature, teacher behavior, and two lesson characteristics (subject matter and mode of delivery) were significantly associated with the PA levels. Most of these factors are modifiable, and changes could improve the quantity and intensity of children’s PA.
Face De-spoofing: Anti-spoofing via Noise Modeling

Many prior face anti-spoofing works develop discriminative models for recognizing the subtle differences between live and spoof faces. Those approaches often regard the image as an indivisible unit, and process it holistically, without explicit modeling of the spoofing process. In this work, motivated by the noise modeling and denoising algorithms, we identify a new problem of face despoofing, for the purpose of anti-spoofing: inversely decomposing a spoof face into a spoof noise and a live face, and then utilizing the spoof noise for classification. A CNN architecture with proper constraints and supervisions is proposed to overcome the problem of having no ground truth for the decomposition. We evaluate the proposed method on multiple face anti-spoofing databases. The results show promising improvements due to our spoof noise modeling. Moreover, the estimated spoof noise provides a visualization which helps to understand the added spoof noise by each spoof medium.
Interactive Visualization of Search Intent for Exploratory Information Retrieval

Searching for relevant documents from a vast amount of scientific data is a challenging problem that requires a close interaction between the user, the search interface and the search engine. This extended abstract summarizes recent research on Intent Radar, an interactive search user interface that allows the user to directly interact with her estimated search intent, and in this way direct the search in an intuitive way without the need to type specific queries. In user experiments, Intent Radar improves task performance and quality of retrieved information without compromising the task execution time. This workshop paper presents to the ICML Crowdsourcing and Human Computing workshop audience our work recently published in CIKM 2013 and IUI 2013 as well as a short discussion of ongoing work on the topic. ICML ’14 Workshop: Crowdsourcing and Human Computing, Beijing, China, 2014.
Evaluation of Resource-Based App Repackaging Detection in Android

Android app repackaging threatens the health of application markets, as repackaged apps, besides stealing revenue for honest developers, are also a source of malware distribution. Techniques that rely on visual similarity of Android apps recently emerged as a way to tackle the repackaging detection problem, as code-based detection techniques often fail in terms of efficiency, and effectiveness when obfuscation is applied [19,21]. Among such techniques, the resource-based repackaging detection approach that compares sets of files included in apks has arguably the best performance [20,17,10]. Yet, this approach has not been previously validated on a dataset of repackaged apps. In this paper we report on our evaluation of the approach, and present substantial improvements to it. Our experiments show that the stateof-art tools applying this technique rely on too restrictive thresholds. Indeed, we demonstrate that a very low proportion of identical resource files in two apps is a reliable evidence for repackaging. Furthermore, we have shown that the Overlap similarity score performs better than the Jaccard similarity coefficient used in previous works. By applying machine learning techniques, we give evidence that considering separately the included resource file types significantly improves the detection accuracy of the method. Experimenting with a balanced dataset of more than 2700 app pairs, we show that with our enhancements it is possible to achieve the F-measure of 0.9919.
Autonomous Vehicle Navigation in Rural Environments Without Detailed Prior Maps

State-of-the-art autonomous driving systems rely heavily on detailed and highly accurate prior maps. However, outside of small urban areas, it is very challenging to build, store, and transmit detailed maps since the spatial scales are so large. Furthermore, maintaining detailed maps of large rural areas can be impracticable due to the rapid rate at which these environments can change. This is a significant limitation for the widespread applicability of autonomous driving technology, which has the potential for an incredibly positive societal impact. In this paper, we address the problem of autonomous navigation in rural environments through a novel mapless driving framework that combines sparse topological maps for global navigation with a sensor-based perception system for local navigation. First, a local navigation goal within the sensor view of the vehicle is chosen as a waypoint leading towards the global goal. Next, the local perception system generates a feasible trajectory in the vehicle frame to reach the waypoint while abiding by the rules of the road for the segment being traversed. These trajectories are updated to remain in the local frame using the vehicle's odometry and the associated uncertainty based on the least-squares residual and a recursive filtering approach, which allows the vehicle to navigate road networks reliably, and at high speed, without detailed prior maps. We demonstrate the performance of the system on a full-scale autonomous vehicle navigating in a challenging rural environment and benchmark the system on a large amount of collected data.
E-Government Interoperability Frameworks : A Review

Various definitions have been defined for the word “interoperability”; in general however, “interoperability” is a property through which the systems and organizations can communicate and cooperate. In e-government domain to establish “interoperability” among the organizations, using a suitable “interoperability” framework is inevitable. Numerous frameworks have been proposed in e-government interoperability domain. Selecting a suitable interoperability framework as a reference from among the existing interoperability frameworks in e-government domain is a major challenge of great importance. This paper aims at investigating the present frameworks of interoperability in e-government domain and identifying a reference interoperability framework for this domain. The results of this study show that all the existing interoperability frameworks in the e government domain have some drawbacks. Defining a comprehensive framework of interoperability in e-government domain is therefore inevitable. Interoperability, Framework, E-Government.
A phase I / II trial of iodine-131 – tositumomab ( anti-CD 20 ) , etoposide , cyclophosphamide , and autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed B-cell lymphomas

Relapsed B-cell lymphomas are incurable with conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, although a fraction of patients can be cured with high-dose chemoradiotherapy and autologous stemcell transplantation (ASCT). We conducted a phase I/II trial to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of iodine 131 (131I)–tositumomab (anti-CD20 antibody) that could be combined with etoposide and cyclophosphamide followed by ASCT in patients with relapsed B-cell lymphomas. Fifty-two patients received a trace-labeled infusion of 1.7 mg/kg ) followed by serial quantitative gamma-camera imaging and estimation of absorbed doses of radiation to tumor sites and normal organs. Ten days later, patients received a therapeutic infusion of 1.7 mg/kg tositumomab labeled with an amount of 131I calculated to deliver the target dose of radiation (20-27 Gy) to critical normal organs (liver, kidneys, and lungs). Patients were maintained in radiation isolation until their total-body radioactivity was less than 0.07 mSv/h at 1 m. They were then given etoposide and cyclophosphamide followed by ASCT. The MTD of 131Itositumomab that could be safely combined with 60 mg/kg etoposide and 100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide delivered 25 Gy to critical normal organs. The estimated overall survival (OS) and progressionfree survival (PFS) of all treated patients at 2 years was 83% and 68%, respectively. These findings compare favorably with those in a nonrandomized control group of patients who underwent transplantation, external-beam total-body irradiation, and etoposide and cyclophosphamide therapy during the same period (OS of 53% and PFS of 36% at 2 years), even after adjustment for confounding variables in a multivariable analysis.
The Lepocreadiidae (Digenea) of fishes of the north-east Atlantic: review of the genera Opechona Looss, 1907 and Prodistomum Linton, 1910

The genera Opechona Looss and Prodistomum Linton are redefined: the latter is re-established, its diagnostic character being the lack of a uroproct. Pharyngora Lebour and Neopechona Stunkard are considered synonyms of Opechona, and Acanthocolpoides Travassos, Freitas & Bührnheim is considered a synonym of Prodistomum. Opechona bacillaris (Molin) and Prodistomum [originally Distomum] polonii (Molin) n. comb. are described from the NE Atlantic Ocean. Separate revisions with keys to Opechona, Prodistomum and ‘Opechona-like’ species incertae sedis are presented. Opechona is considered to contain: O. bacillaris (type-species), O. alaskensis Ward & Fillingham, O. [originally Neopechona] cablei (Stunkard) n. comb., O. chloroscombri Nahhas & Cable, O. occidentalis Montgomery, O. parvasoma Ching sp. inq., O. pharyngodactyla Manter, O. [originally Distomum] pyriforme (Linton) n. comb. and O. sebastodis (Yamaguti). Prodistomum includes: P. gracile Linton (type-species), P. [originally Opechona] girellae (Yamaguti) n. comb., P. [originally Opechona] hynnodi (Yamaguti) n. comb., P. [originally Opechona] menidiae (Manter) n. comb., P. [originally Pharyngora] orientalis (Layman) n. comb., P. polonii and P. [originally Opechona] waltairensis (Madhavi) n. comb. Some species are considered ‘Opechona-like’ species incertae sedis: O. formiae Oshmarin, O. siddiqii Ahmad, 1986 nec 1984, O. mohsini Ahmad, O. magnatestis Gaevskaya & Kovaleva, O. vinodae Ahmad, O. travassosi Ahmad, ‘Lepidapedon’ nelsoni Gupta & Mehrotra and O. siddiqi Ahmad, 1984 nec 1986. The related genera Cephalolepidapedon Yamaguti and Clavogalea Bray and the synonymies of their constituent species are discussed, and further comments are made on related genera and misplaced species. The new combination Clavogalea [originally Stephanostomum] trachinoti (Fischthal & Thomas) is made. The taxonomy, life-history, host-specificity and zoogeography of the genera are briefly discussed.