nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Pose-Oblivious Shape Signature

A 3D shape signature is a compact representation for some essence of a shape. Shape signatures are commonly utilized as a fast indexing mechanism for shape retrieval. Effective shape signatures capture some global geometric properties which are scale, translation, and rotation invariant. In this paper, we introduce an effective shape signature which is also pose-oblivious. This means that the signature is also insensitive to transformations which change the pose of a 3D shape such as skeletal articulations. Although some topology-based matching methods can be considered pose-oblivious as well, our new signature retains the simplicity and speed of signature indexing. Moreover, contrary to topology-based methods, the new signature is also insensitive to the topology change of the shape, allowing us to match similar shapes with different genus. Our shape signature is a 2D histogram which is a combination of the distribution of two scalar functions defined on the boundary surface of the 3D shape. The first is a definition of a novel function called the local-diameter function. This function measures the diameter of the 3D shape in the neighborhood of each vertex. The histogram of this function is an informative measure of the shape which is insensitive to pose changes. The second is the centricity function that measures the average geodesic distance from one vertex to all other vertices on the mesh. We evaluate and compare a number of methods for measuring the similarity between two signatures, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our pose-oblivious shape signature within a 3D search engine application for different databases containing hundreds of models
Kinetics of phase transformations in the peridynamic formulation of continuum mechanics

We study the kinetics of phase transformations in solids using the peridynamic formulation of continuum mechanics. The peridynamic theory is a nonlocal formulation that does not involve spatial derivatives, and is a powerful tool to study defects such as cracks and interfaces. We apply the peridynamic formulation to the motion of phase boundaries in one dimension. We show that unlike the classical continuum theory, the peridynamic formulation does not require any extraneous constitutive laws such as the kinetic relation (the relation between the velocity of the interface and the thermodynamic driving force acting across it) or the nucleation criterion (the criterion that determines whether a new phase arises from a single phase). Instead this information is obtained from inside the theory simply by specifying the inter-particle interaction. We derive a nucleation criterion by examining nucleation as a dynamic instability. We find the induced kinetic relation by analyzing the solutions of impact and release problems, and also directly by viewing phase boundaries as traveling waves. We also study the interaction of a phase boundary with an elastic non-transforming inclusion in two dimensions. We find that phase boundaries remain essentially planar with little bowing. Further, we find a new mechanism whereby acoustic waves ahead of the phase boundary nucleate new phase boundaries at the edges of the inclusion while the original phase boundary slows down or stops. Transformation proceeds as the freshly nucleated phase boundaries propagate leaving behind some untransformed martensite around the inclusion.
Optical constants of silica glass from extreme ultraviolet to far infrared at near room temperature.

We thoroughly and critically review studies reporting the real (refractive index) and imaginary (absorption index) parts of the complex refractive index of silica glass over the spectral range from 30 nm to 1000 microm. The general features of the optical constants over the electromagnetic spectrum are relatively consistent throughout the literature. In particular, silica glass is effectively opaque for wavelengths shorter than 200 nm and larger than 3.5-4.0 microm. Strong absorption bands are observed (i) below 160 nm due to the interaction with electrons, absorption by impurities, and the presence of OH groups and point defects; (ii) at aproximately 2.73-2.85, 3.5, and 4.3 microm also caused by OH groups; and (iii) at aproximately 9-9.5, 12.5, and 21-23 microm due to Si-O-Si resonance modes of vibration. However, the actual values of the refractive and absorption indices can vary significantly due to the glass manufacturing process, crystallinity, wavelength, and temperature and to the presence of impurities, point defects, inclusions, and bubbles, as well as to the experimental uncertainties and approximations in the retrieval methods. Moreover, new formulas providing comprehensive approximations of the optical properties of silica glass are proposed between 7 and 50 microm. These formulas are consistent with experimental data and substantially extend the spectral range of 0.21-7 microm covered by existing formulas and can be used in various engineering applications.
Impact of visit-to-visit glycemic variability on the risks of macrovascular and microvascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes: the ADVANCE trial.

There is no consensus on the importance of visit-to-visit glycemic variability in diabetes. Therefore, we assessed the effects of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) in HbA1c and fasting glucose on major outcomes in the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation) trial.



ADVANCE was a factorial randomized controlled trial of intensive glucose control and blood pressure lowering in patients with type 2 diabetes. VVV in the intensive glucose treatment group was defined using the SD of five measurements of HbA1c and glucose taken 3-24 months after randomization. Outcomes were combined macro- and microvascular events and all-cause mortality occurring post 24 months. Sensitivity analyses were performed using other indices of variability and in the standard glucose treatment group.



Among 4,399 patients in the intensive group, an increase in VVV of HbA1c was associated with an increased risk of vascular events (P = 0.01) and with mortality (P < 0.001): highest versus lowest tenth hazard ratio (95% CI) 1.64 (1.05-2.55) and 3.31 (1.57-6.98), respectively, after multivariable adjustment. A clear association was also observed between VVV of fasting glucose and increased risk of vascular events (P < 0.001; 2.70 [1.65-4.42]). HbA1c variability was positively associated with the risk of macrovascular events (P = 0.02 for trend), whereas glucose variability was associated with both macro- and microvascular events (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001 for trend, respectively). Sensitivity analyses using other indices, and patients in the standard glucose treatment group, were broadly consistent with these results.



Consistency of glycemic control is important to reduce the risks of vascular events and death in type 2 diabetes.
A Review of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Water and Surface Disinfection

Photo-excitation of certain semiconductors can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species that can inactivate microorganisms. The mechanisms involved are reviewed, along with two important applications. The first is the use of photocatalysis to enhance the solar disinfection of water. It is estimated that 750 million people do not have accessed to an improved source for drinking and many more rely on sources that are not safe. If one can utilize photocatalysis to enhance the solar disinfection of water and provide an inexpensive, simple method of water disinfection, then it could help reduce the risk of waterborne disease. The second application is the use of photocatalytic coatings to combat healthcare associated infections. Two challenges are considered, i.e., the use of photocatalytic coatings to give "self-disinfecting" surfaces to reduce the risk of transmission of infection via environmental surfaces, and the use of photocatalytic coatings for the decontamination and disinfection of medical devices. In the final section, the development of novel photocatalytic materials for use in disinfection applications is reviewed, taking account of materials, developed for other photocatalytic applications, but which may be transferable for disinfection purposes.
A New Data Representation Based on Training Data Characteristics to Extract Drug Name Entity in Medical Text

One essential task in information extraction from the medical corpus is drug name recognition. Compared with text sources come from other domains, the medical text mining poses more challenges, for example, more unstructured text, the fast growing of new terms addition, a wide range of name variation for the same drug, the lack of labeled dataset sources and external knowledge, and the multiple token representations for a single drug name. Although many approaches have been proposed to overwhelm the task, some problems remained with poor F-score performance (less than 0.75). This paper presents a new treatment in data representation techniques to overcome some of those challenges. We propose three data representation techniques based on the characteristics of word distribution and word similarities as a result of word embedding training. The first technique is evaluated with the standard NN model, that is, MLP. The second technique involves two deep network classifiers, that is, DBN and SAE. The third technique represents the sentence as a sequence that is evaluated with a recurrent NN model, that is, LSTM. In extracting the drug name entities, the third technique gives the best F-score performance compared to the state of the art, with its average F-score being 0.8645.
A survey of evidence for test-driven development in academia

University professors traditionally struggle to incorporate software testing into their course curriculum. Worries include double-grading for correctness of both source and test code and finding time to teach testing as a topic. Test-driven development (TDD) has been suggested as a possible solution to improve student software testing skills and to realize the benefits of testing. According to most existing studies, TDD improves software quality and student productivity. This paper surveys the current state of TDD experiments conducted exclusively at universities. Similar surveys compare experiments in both the classroom and industry, but none have focused strictly on academia.
STIP: Spatio-temporal intersection protocols for autonomous vehicles

Autonomous driving is likely to be the heart of urban transportation in the future. Autonomous vehicles have the potential to increase the safety of passengers and also to make road trips shorter and more enjoyable. As the first steps toward these goals, many car manufacturers are investing in designing and equipping their vehicles with advanced driver-assist systems. Road intersections are considered to be serious bottlenecks of urban transportation, as more than 44% of all reported crashes in U.S. occur within intersection areas which in turn lead to 8,500 fatalities and approximately 1 million injuries every year. Furthermore, the impact of road intersections on traffic delays leads to enormous waste of human and natural resources. In this paper, we therefore focus on intersection management in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) research. In the future, when dealing with autonomous vehicles, it is critical to address safety and throughput concerns that arise from autonomous driving through intersections and roundabouts.
 Our goal is to provide vehicles with a safe and efficient passage method through intersections and roundabouts. We have been investigating vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications as a part of co-operative driving in the context of autonomous driving. We have designed and developed efficient and reliable intersection protocols to avoid vehicle collisions at intersections and increase traffic throughput. In this paper, we introduce new V2V intersection protocols to achieve the above goals. We show that, in addition to intersections, these protocols are also applicable to vehicle crossings at roundabouts. Additionally, we study the effects of position inaccuracy of commonly-used GPS devices on some of our V2V intersection protocols and suggest required modifications to guarantee their safety and efficiency despite these impairments. Our simulation results show that we are able to avoid collisions and also increase the throughput of the intersections up to 87.82% compared to common traffic-light signalized intersections.
Analyses of Rotational Torque and Suspension Force in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Bearingless Motor with Short-pitch Winding

This paper presents the analyzed results of rotational torque and suspension force in a bearingless motor with the short-pitch winding, which are based on the computation by finite element method (FEM). The bearingless drive technique is applied to a conventional brushless DC motor, in which the stator windings are arranged at the short-pitch, and encircle only a single stator tooth. At first, the winding arrangement in the stator core, the principle of suspension force generation and the magnetic suspension control method are shown in the bearingless motor with brushless DC structure. The torque and suspension force are computed by FEM using a machine model with the short-pitch winding arrangement, and the computed results are compared between the full-pitch and short-pitch winding arrangements. The advantages of short-pitch winding arrangement are found on the basis of computed results and discussion.
Lifelong learning: ocular dominance plasticity in mouse visual cortex

Ocular dominance plasticity has long served as a successful model for examining how cortical circuits are shaped by experience. In this paradigm, altered retinal activity caused by unilateral eye-lid closure leads to dramatic shifts in the binocular response properties of neurons in the visual cortex. Much of the recent progress in identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ocular dominance plasticity has been achieved by using the mouse as a model system. In this species, monocular deprivation initiated in adulthood also causes robust ocular dominance shifts. Research on ocular dominance plasticity in the mouse is starting to provide insight into which factors mediate and influence cortical plasticity in juvenile and adult animals.
EIGEN: Ecologically-Inspired GENetic Approach for Neural Network Structure Searching

Designing the structure of neural networks is considered one of the most challenging tasks in deep learning, especially when there is few prior knowledge about the task domain. In this paper, we propose an Ecologically-Inspired GENetic (EIGEN) approach that uses the concept of succession, extinction, mimicry, and gene duplication to search neural network structure from scratch with poorly initialized simple network and few constraints forced during the evolution, as we assume no prior knowledge about the task domain. Specifically, we first use primary succession to rapidly evolve a population of poorly initialized neural network structures into a more diverse population, followed by a secondary succession stage for fine-grained searching based on the networks from the primary succession. Extinction is applied in both stages to reduce computational cost. Mimicry is employed during the entire evolution process to help the inferior networks imitate the behavior of a superior network and gene duplication is utilized to duplicate the learned blocks of novel structures, both of which help to find better network structures. Experimental results show that our proposed approach can achieve similar or better performance compared to the existing genetic approaches with dramatically reduced computation cost. For example, the network discovered by our approach on CIFAR-100 dataset achieves 78.1% test accuracy under 120 GPU hours, compared to 77.0% test accuracy in more than 65, 536 GPU hours in .
IDM-WSDM 2019: Workshop on Interactive Data Mining

The first workshop on Interactive Data Mining is held in Melbourne, Australia, on February 15, 2019 and is co-located with 12th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM 2019). The goal of this workshop is to share and discuss research and projects that focus on interaction with and interactivity of data mining systems. The program includes invited speaker, presentation of research papers, and a discussion session.
A 1.6 ps 7 b time to digital converter in 0.18 µm CMOS technology

A fine Time to Digital Converter (TDC) based on time difference amplification is proposed. A current difference based method is introduced to improve the limited input linear range of the conventional×2 Time Amplifier (TA). The modified TA is used in a proposed pipeline TDC to achieve a fine sub-gate delay resolution. A sign detection stage is implemented at the input of the TDC to avoid two separate circuits for conversion of positive and negative inputs, which decreases power consumption by roughly fifty percent. Furthermore, the delay cell circuits are modified to increase the TDC resolution and reduce its susceptibility to mismatch and process variations. The TDC resolution is 1.6 ps by post-layout simulation in 180 nm CMOS technology. Power consumption of the introduced TDC at 50 Msps and 1.2 V supply voltage is 280 uW .
An Open-Source Dialog System with Real-Time Engagement Tracking for Job Interview Training Applications

In complex conversation tasks, people react to their interlocutor’s state, such as uncertainty and engagement to improve conversation effectiveness . If a conversational system reacts to a user’s state, would that lead to a better conversation experience? To test this hypothesis, we designed and implemented a dialog system that tracks and reacts to a user’s state, such as engagement, in real time. We designed and implemented a conversational job interview task based on the proposed framework. The system acts as an interviewer and reacts to user’s disengagement in real-time with positive feedback strategies designed to re-engage the user in the job interview process. Experiments suggest that users speak more while interacting with the engagement-coordinated version of the system as compared to a noncoordinated version. Users also reported the former system as being more engaging and providing a better user experience.
Review and classification of gain cell eDRAM implementations

With the increasing requirement of a high-density, high-performance, low-power alternative to traditional SRAM, Gain Cell (GC) embedded DRAMs have gained a renewed interest in recent years. Several industrial and academic publications have presented GC memory implementations for various target applications, including high-performance processor caches, wireless communication memories, and biomedical system storage. In this paper, we review and compare the recent publications, examining the design requirements and the implementation techniques that lead to achievement of the required design metrics of these applications.
Application of parametric linear programming in Coca-cola Company using a developed algorithm

This paper critically examines parametric linear programming problem (PLPP) with interval in the coefficients of the objective function and the composition of Coca-cola, Fanta, Sprite and Schweppes soft drinks. The findings of soft drinks production in Coca-cola company in Kaduna, Nigeria was studied and the problem formulated. The formulated problem is tested using the developed computer program by varying the parameter at regular interval and obtaining the corresponding values of the objective function. The results will be interpreted. The final result of the research shows that as the parameter values are increased resulted in the increased of the values of the objective function and the developed computer program generates these results faster and accurate than the other methods.
Automated Web Software Testing with Selenium

Selenium IDE Locating Elements There is a great responsibility for developers and testers to ensure that web software exhibits high reliability and speed. Somewhat recently, the software community has seen a rise in the usage of AJAX in web software development to achieve this goal. The advantage of AJAX applications is that they are typically very responsive. The vEOC is an Emergency Management Training application which requires this level of interactivity. Selenium is great in that it is an open source testing tool that can handle the amount of JavaScript present in AJAX applications, and even gives the tester the freedom to add their own features. Since web software is so frequently modified, the main goal for any test developer is to create sustainable tests. How can Selenium tests be made more maintainable?
A Novel Interleaved Tri-State Boost Converter With Lower Ripple and Improved Dynamic Response

In this paper, the design and development of a novel interleaved tri-state boost converter (ITBC), which produces lower ripple and exhibits better dynamic response, is discussed. Boost converters are frequently connected in parallel and operate in an interleaving mode for the reduction of ripple content in source current and in output voltage. In this way, interleaved boost converter (IBC) is conceived, which improves the power handling capabilities and increases the overall system rating. It also has the advantage of reduction of the ripple content in source current and output voltage, but when control-to-output transfer function of IBC is derived under continuous conduction mode of operation, then a right-half-plane (RHP) zero appears in the transfer function. Due to the presence of RHP zero, IBC has nonminimum phase problem, which deteriorates the dynamic performance. The tri-state boost converter (TBC) is the best choice for RHP zero elimination, but due to the extra freewheeling mode, ripple content will also be increased. The proposed converter is a parallel combination of two TBC and operates in an interleaving mode. Therefore, the proposed converter has both of the advantages of TBC and IBC. The performance analyses of ITBC, TBC, and IBC have been studied based on simulation and experimental results. From the comparative analysis, it is observed that ITBC is performed better than other two converters. The ripple comparisons between three converters have also been done. It is found that the ripple content in ITBC is slightly greater than IBC but is less than TBC.
Fusing Multiview and Photometric Stereo for 3D Reconstruction under Uncalibrated Illumination

We propose a method to obtain a complete and accurate 3D model from multiview images captured under a variety of unknown illuminations. Based on recent results showing that for Lambertian objects, general illumination can be approximated well using low-order spherical harmonics, we develop a robust alternating approach to recover surface normals. Surface normals are initialized using a multi-illumination multiview stereo algorithm, then refined using a robust alternating optimization method based on the ℓ1 metric. Erroneous normal estimates are detected using a shape prior. Finally, the computed normals are used to improve the preliminary 3D model. The reconstruction system achieves watertight and robust 3D reconstruction while neither requiring manual interactions nor imposing any constraints on the illumination. Experimental results on both real world and synthetic data show that the technique can acquire accurate 3D models for Lambertian surfaces, and even tolerates small violations of the Lambertian assumption.