nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Time Series Topic Modeling and Bursty Topic Detection of Correlated News and Twitter

News and twitter are sometimes closely correlated, while sometimes each of them has quite independent flow of information, due to the difference of the concerns of their information sources. In order to effectively capture the nature of those two text streams, it is very important to model both their correlation and their difference. This paper first models their correlation by applying a time series topic model to the document stream of the mixture of time series news and twitter. Next, we divide news streams and twitter into distinct two series of document streams, and then we apply our model of bursty topic detection based on the Kleinberg’s burst detection model. This approach successfully models the difference of the two time series topic models of news and twitter as each having independent information source and its own concern.
Validation and Certification of Safety-Critical Embedded Systems - The DECOS Test Bench

The integrated EU-project DECOS (Dependable Embedded Components and Systems) aims at developing an integrated architecture for embedded systems to reduce life-cycle costs and to increase dependability of embedded applications. To facilitate the certification process of DECOS-based applications, the DECOS Test Bench constitutes a framework to support Validation & Verification. By implementing a modular approach, an application safety case merely contains the application-specific issues and reuses the safety arguments of the “generic” safety cases of the DECOS platform. The Test Bench covers the complete life cycle from the platform-independent models to deployment, including model validation and transformations. The safety cases are based on validation-plans (v-plans) comprising the steps to validate the safety requirements. The Test Bench provides a methods/tools repository, guidelines to generate and execute v-plans, and integration of tools and of remotely distributed test beds.
Active hashing and its application to image and text retrieval

In recent years, hashing-based methods for large-scale similarity search have sparked considerable research interests in the data mining and machine learning communities. While unsupervised hashing-based methods have achieved promising successes for metric similarity, they cannot handle semantic similarity which is usually given in the form of labeled point pairs. To overcome this limitation, some attempts have recently been made on semi-supervised hashing which aims at learning hash functions from both metric and semantic similarity simultaneously. Existing semi-supervised hashing methods can be regarded as passive hashing since they assume that the labeled pairs are provided in advance. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, called active hashing, which can actively select the most informative labeled pairs for hash function learning. Specifically, it identifies the most informative points to label and constructs labeled pairs accordingly. Under this framework, we use data uncertainty as a measure of informativeness and develop a batch mode algorithm to speed up active selection. We empirically compare our method with a state-of-the-art passive hashing method on two benchmark data sets, showing that the proposed method can reduce labeling cost as well as overcome the limitations of passive hashing.
VLSI implementation of an ultra-low-cost and low-power image compressor for wireless camera networks

In this paper, a novel hardware-oriented color image compression algorithm based on digital halftoning and block truncation coding (BTC) techniques is proposed for very large-scale integration (VLSI) implementation. The proposed technique consists of a threshold generator, a bitmap generator, a BTC training module, a predictor, and a signed Golomb–Rice coding module. Because the wireless camera network is developed for perceiving, measuring, and collecting information from the environment, each camera sensing node should be designed to achieve low cost, small size, high compression rates, and low power consumption. Hence, a novel low-complexity, high-performance, transform-free, hardware-oriented color image compression algorithm based on digital halftoning and BTC is proposed. In order to achieve the performance of compressing images in real time, the proposed color image compression algorithm was realized by a VLSI technique. The VLSI architecture in this work contains only 8.1-k gate counts, and the core area is 81,000 μm2 synthesized using a TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process. The operating frequency of this work is 100 MHz and consumes 2.91 mW, which is efficient to develop wireless electronic systems with the demand of color image compression in real time. Compared with JPEG- and JPEG-LS-based designs, this work reduces gate counts by at least 71.1 % and power consumption by 53 % and only requires a one-line-buffer memory.
Homelessness and Aging Out of Foster Care: A National Comparison of Child Welfare-Involved Adolescents.

The present study represents the first large-scale, prospective comparison to test whether aging out of foster care contributes to homelessness risk in emerging adulthood. A nationally representative sample of adolescents investigated by the child welfare system in 2008 to 2009 from the second cohort of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being Study (NSCAW II) reported experiences of housing problems at 18- and 36-month follow-ups. Latent class analyses identified subtypes of housing problems, including literal homelessness, housing instability, and stable housing. Regressions predicted subgroup membership based on aging out experiences, receipt of foster care services, and youth and county characteristics. Youth who reunified after out-of-home placement in adolescence exhibited the lowest probability of literal homelessness, while youth who aged out experienced similar rates of literal homelessness as youth investigated by child welfare but never placed out of home. No differences existed between groups on prevalence of unstable housing. Exposure to independent living services and extended foster care did not relate with homelessness prevention. Findings emphasize the developmental importance of families in promoting housing stability in the transition to adulthood, while questioning child welfare current focus on preparing foster youth to live.
Full-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter With Series-Parallel Connected Transformers for Electric Vehicle On-Board Charger

A full-bridge LLC resonant converter with series-parallel connected transformers for an onboard battery charger of electric vehicles is proposed, which can realize zero voltage switching turn-on of power switches and zero current switching turn-off of rectifier diodes. In this converter, two same small transformers are employed instead of the single transformer in the traditional LLC resonant converter. The primary windings of these two transformers are series-connected to obtain equal primary current, while the secondary windings are parallel-connected to be provided with the same secondary voltage, so the power can be automatically balanced. Series-connection can reduce the turns of primary windings. Parallel-connection can reduce the current stress of the secondary windings and the conduction loss of rectifier diodes. Compared with the traditional LLC resonant converter with single transformer under same power level, the smaller low-profile cores can be used to reduce the transformers loss and improve heat dissipation. In this paper, the operating principle, steady state analysis, and design of the proposed converter are described, simulation and experimental prototype of the proposed LLC converter is established to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Network Effects and the Creation of Shareholders' Wealth in the Context of Software Firm Mergers and Acquisitions

This paper investigates the reaction of financial markets to the announcement of a business combination between software firms. Based on the theory of economic networks, this article argues that mergers of software firms should lead to greater wealth creation because of the network effect theoretically linked to the combination of software products. This hypothesis is partially supported, as only the targets in software/software outperform those in the other categories, yielding abnormal returns of great magnitude. In addition, we could not conclude that controlling position in the target enabled bidders to make the appropriate technological decisions to ensure the emergence of network effects in the portfolio of the new entity and create additional wealth for the shareholders of both the bidder and the target. Future research is needed to better understand the effect of the different properties of the software pooled inside the product portfolio of the new entity.
Cognitive , Affective , and Attribute of the Satisfaction Response

An attempt to extend current thinking on postpurchase response to include attribute satisfaction and dissatisfaction as separate determinants not fully reflected in either cognitive (i.e.. expectancy disconfirmation) or affective paradigms is presented. In separate studies of automobile satisfaction and satisfaction with course instruction, respondents provided the nature of emotional experience, disconfirmation perceptions, and separate attribute satisfaction and dissatisfaction judgments. Analysis confirmed the disconfirmation effect and tbe effects of separate dimensions of positive and negative affect and also suggested a multidimensional structure to the affect dimensions. Additionally, attribute satisfaction and dissatisfaction were significantly related to positive and negative affect, respectively, and to overall satisfaction. It is suggested that all dimensions tested are needed for a full accounting of postpurchase responses in usage.
Integration of 2D CMUT arrays with front-end electronics for volumetric ultrasound imaging

For three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging, connecting elements of a two-dimensional (2D) transducer array to the imaging system's front-end electronics is a challenge because of the large number of array elements and the small element size. To compactly connect the transducer array with electronics, we flip-chip bond a 2D 16 times 16-element capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array to a custom-designed integrated circuit (IC). Through-wafer interconnects are used to connect the CMUT elements on the top side of the array with flip-chip bond pads on the back side. The IC provides a 25-V pulser and a transimpedance preamplifier to each element of the array. For each of three characterized devices, the element yield is excellent (99 to 100% of the elements are functional). Center frequencies range from 2.6 MHz to 5.1 MHz. For pulse-echo operation, the average -6-dB fractional bandwidth is as high as 125%. Transmit pressures normalized to the face of the transducer are as high as 339 kPa and input-referred receiver noise is typically 1.2 to 2.1 rnPa/ radicHz. The flip-chip bonded devices were used to acquire 3D synthetic aperture images of a wire-target phantom. Combining the transducer array and IC, as shown in this paper, allows for better utilization of large arrays, improves receive sensitivity, and may lead to new imaging techniques that depend on transducer arrays that are closely coupled to IC electronics.
Experimental demonstration of a single layer tri-band circularly polarized reflectarray

The reflectarray antenna is a substitution of reflector antennas by making use of planar phased array techniques . The array elements are specially designed, providing proper phase compensations to the spatial feed through various techniques [2–4]. The bandwidth limitation due to microstrip structures has led to various multi-band designs [5–6]. In these designs, the multi-band performance is realized through multi-layer structures, causing additional volume requirement and fabrication cost. An alternative approach is provided in [7–8], where single-layer structures are adopted. The former [7] implements a dual-band linearly polarized reflectarray whereas the latter  establishes a single-layer tri-band concept with circular polarization (CP). In this paper, a prototype based on the conceptual structure in  is designed, fabricated, and measured. The prototype is composed of three sub-arrays on a single layer. They have pencil beam patterns at 32 GHz (Ka-band), 8.4 GHz (X-band), and 7.1 GHz (C-band), respectively. Considering the limited area, two phase compensation techniques are adopted by these sub-arrays. The varied element size (VES) technique is applied to the C-band, whereas the element rotation (ER) technique is used in both X-band and Ka-band.
A Yagi–Uda Array of High-Efficiency Wire-Bond Antennas for On-Chip Radio Applications

In this paper, we present a high-efficiency nonplanar Yagi-Uda antenna array consisting of six wire bonds for on-chip radio applications. The measured and simulated results are presented for the radiation pattern, gain, and radiation efficiency of the antenna at 40 GHz. The array has been characterized with two different ground-plane sizes that are 0.32¿2 and 1.4¿2. The arrays achieved the measured gains of 6.0 and 8.1 dBi for the small and large ground-plane variations, respectively, after numerically removing the loss from the feed line. The efficiencies of the antennas were extracted using the simulated directivity values. The efficiency of the large ground antenna was 82.5%, whereas that of the small ground antenna was 72.0%. Single wire-bond antennas are also characterized when integrated directly on a silicon-germanium complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor transceiver chip with -1.4-dBi gain and 51% efficiency. This paper builds on measurements of a single wire-bond antenna over ground-plane sizes ranging from 0.5¿2 to 2.1¿2 , which achieved gains of 0.4-3.6 dBi and efficiencies of 51%-84%.
Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum: a potentially misidentified and multiresistant Corynebacterium species isolated from clinical specimens.

Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum is a lipophilic corynebacterium validly characterized in 2004. We provide clinical information on 18 patients from whom this organism was isolated. The majority of the patients were hospitalized and had a history of prolonged treatment with broad-spectrum antimicrobials. In 7 (38.9%) of the 18 cases, the isolates were found to be clinically relevant. The present report also includes detailed data on the biochemical and molecular identification of C. tuberculostearicum, as well as its identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Our data demonstrate that routine biochemical tests do not provide reliable identification of C. tuberculostearicum. MALDI-TOF MS represents a helpful tool for the identification of this species, since all of the strains matched C. tuberculostearicum as the first choice and 58.3% (7/12) of the strains processed with the full extraction protocol generated scores of >2.000. Nevertheless, partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing still represents the gold standard for the identification of this species. Due to the challenging identification of C. tuberculostearicum, we presume that this organism is often misidentified and its clinical relevance is underestimated. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of C. tuberculostearicum presented here reveals that 14 (87.5%) of the 16 strains analyzed exhibited multidrug resistance.
Characteristics of dual mode AlN thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators

Thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators (FBAR) using piezoelectric AlN thin films have attracted extensive research activities in the past few years. Highly c-axis oriented AlN thin films are particularly investigated for resonators operating at the fundamental thickness longitudinal mode. Depending on the processing conditions, tilted polarization (c-axis off the normal direction to the substrate surface) is often found for the as-deposited AlN thin films, which may leads to the coexistence of thickness longitudinal mode and shear mode for the thin film resonators. Knowing that the material properties are strongly crystalline orientation dependent for AlN thin films, a theoretical study is conducted to reveal the effect of tilted polarization on the frequency characteristics of thin film resonators. The input electric impedance of a thin film resonator is derived that includes both thickness longitudinal and thickness shear modes in a uniform equation. Based on the theoretical model, the effective material properties corresponding to the longitudinal and shear modes are calculated through the properties transformation between the original and new coordinate systems. The electric impedance spectra of dual mode AlN thin film resonators are calculated using appropriate materials properties and compared with experimental results. The results indicate that the frequency characteristics of thin film resonators vary with the tilted polarization angles. The coexistence of thickness longitudinal and shear modes in the thin film resonators may provide some flexibility in the design and fabrication of the FBAR devices.
Linguistic Signals under Misinformation and Fact-Checking: Evidence from User Comments on Social Media

Misinformation and fact-checking are opposite forces in the news environment: the former creates inaccuracies to mislead people, while the latter provides evidence to rebut the former. These news articles are often posted on social media and attract user engagement in the form of comments. In this paper, we investigate linguistic (especially emotional and topical) signals expressed in user comments in the presence of misinformation and fact-checking. We collect and analyze a dataset of 5,303 social media posts with 2,614,374 user comments from Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, and associate these posts to fact-check articles from Snopes and PolitiFact for veracity rulings (i.e., from true to false). We find that linguistic signals in user comments vary significantly with the veracity of posts, e.g., we observe more misinformation-awareness signals and extensive emoji and swear word usage with falser posts. We further show that these signals can help to detect misinformation. In addition, we find that while there are signals indicating positive effects after fact-checking, there are also signals indicating potential "backfire" effects.
Probabilistic Graphlet Transfer for Photo Cropping

As one of the most basic photo manipulation processes, photo cropping is widely used in the printing, graphic design, and photography industries. In this paper, we introduce graphlets (i.e., small connected subgraphs) to represent a photo's aesthetic features, and propose a probabilistic model to transfer aesthetic features from the training photo onto the cropped photo. In particular, by segmenting each photo into a set of regions, we construct a region adjacency graph (RAG) to represent the global aesthetic feature of each photo. Graphlets are then extracted from the RAGs, and these graphlets capture the local aesthetic features of the photos. Finally, we cast photo cropping as a candidate-searching procedure on the basis of a probabilistic model, and infer the parameters of the cropped photos using Gibbs sampling. The proposed method is fully automatic. Subjective evaluations have shown that it is preferred over a number of existing approaches.
Non-foster circuits for small broadband antennas

As is well known antenna size implies limitations in bandwidth and gain characteristics. However, if non-Foster / Negative circuits are employed such restrictions can be partially overcome. That is negative matching circuits can provide a way to construct very small efficient antennas. Non-Foster circuits have been considered since 1950's when Negative Impedance Converters (NIC) were proposed . NIC's can be realized via a combination of active devices (transistors) as well as lumped capacitors and inductors. Still, inherent losses, noise issues and bandwidth limitations from available active elements have precluded their use except for narrow bandwidth applications. But, recent advancements in integrated circuits have renewed interest in non-Foster/negative matching.
THz surface plasmon modes on planar Goubau lines.

The dispersion relation and confinement of terahertz surface plasmon modes propagating along planar Goubau lines are studied using guided-wave time domain spectroscopy. We demonstrate the radial nature of the surface plasmon mode known as the Goubau mode and the transverse confinement of the electric field over a few tenths of microns (~l/10). We experimentally and computationally observed a transition of the shape of the THz pulses from unipolar to bipolar as the propagation distance increases, indicating that the Goubau line acts as a high-pass filter. The deviation of the dispersion relation curve from a linear law above 600 GHz is discussed.
Global poplar root and leaf transcriptomes reveal links between growth and stress responses under nitrogen starvation and excess.

Nitrogen (N) starvation and excess have distinct effects on N uptake and metabolism in poplars, but the global transcriptomic changes underlying morphological and physiological acclimation to altered N availability are unknown. We found that N starvation stimulated the fine root length and surface area by 54 and 49%, respectively, decreased the net photosynthetic rate by 15% and reduced the concentrations of NH4+, NO3(-) and total free amino acids in the roots and leaves of Populus simonii Carr. in comparison with normal N supply, whereas N excess had the opposite effect in most cases. Global transcriptome analysis of roots and leaves elucidated the specific molecular responses to N starvation and excess. Under N starvation and excess, gene ontology (GO) terms related to ion transport and response to auxin stimulus were enriched in roots, whereas the GO term for response to abscisic acid stimulus was overrepresented in leaves. Common GO terms for all N treatments in roots and leaves were related to development, N metabolism, response to stress and hormone stimulus. Approximately 30-40% of the differentially expressed genes formed a transcriptomic regulatory network under each condition. These results suggest that global transcriptomic reprogramming plays a key role in the morphological and physiological acclimation of poplar roots and leaves to N starvation and excess.
Integrating Static and Dynamic Analysis for Detecting Vulnerabilities

A secure software demands effective techniques for vulnerability detection during its development cycle. The practice of detecting security flaws before the deployment phase eliminates the risks that vulnerabilities may impose for the company. Static analysis and dynamic analysis techniques offer two complimentary approaches for checking vulnerabilities. Static analysis involves the scanning of source code or binary eliminating the need of executing it. This approach is fast and has no run time overhead. However, static analysis are quite imprecise and generate huge false positives and false negatives. On the other hand, dynamic analysis involves the running of the software. The problem of false positives and negatives is less in case of dynamic analysis because they analyze by running the test cases. But this approach requires large number of test cases to ensure a certain confidence level in detecting security bugs. This paper describes a methodology which integrates the two approaches in a complimentary manner. It adopts the strengths of the two and eliminates their weaknesses. We are currently dealing with buffer overflow vulnerability with pointer aliasing. However the idea can be extended to other vulnerabilities also for e.g memory related errors, race conditions(time of check to time to use vulnerability), dangling pointer vulnerability, integer errors etc