nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Loss Minimization for Semi-Supervised Elastic Embedding

The semi-supervised learning usually only predict labels for unlabeled data appearing in training data, and cannot effectively predict labels for testing data never appearing in training set. To handle this outof-sample problem, many inductive methods make a constraint such that the predicted label matrix should be exactly equal to a linear model. In practice, this constraint is too rigid to capture the manifold structure of data. Motivated by this deficiency, we relax the rigid linear embedding constraint and propose to use an elastic embedding constraint on the predicted label matrix such that the manifold structure can be better explored. To solve our new objective and also a more general optimization problem, we study a novel adaptive loss with efficient optimization algorithm. Our new adaptive loss minimization method takes the advantages of both L1 norm and L2 norm, and is robust to the data outlier under Laplacian distribution and can efficiently learn the normal data under Gaussian distribution. Experiments have been performed on image classification tasks and our approach outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
GeoXp: an R package for exploratory spatial data analysis

We present GeoXp, an R package implementing interactive graphics for exploratory spatial data analysis. We use a data basis concerning public schools of the French MidiPyrénées region to illustrate the use of these exploratory techniques based on the coupling between a statistical graph and a map. Besides elementary plots like boxplots, histograms or simple scatterplots, GeoXp also couples maps with Moran scatterplots, variogram clouds, Lorenz curves, etc. In order to make the most of the multidimensionality of the data, GeoXp includes dimension reduction techniques such as principal components analysis and cluster analysis whose results are also linked to the map.
EnCase forensic technology for decrypting stenography algorithm applied in the PowerPoint file

The growth of both IT technology and the Internet Communication has involved the development of lot of encrypted information. Among others techniques of message hiding, stenography is one them but more suspicious as no one cannot see the secret message. As we always use the MS Office, there are many ways to hide secret messages by using PowerPoint as normal file. In this paper, we propose a new technique to find a hidden message by analysing the in PowerPoint file using EnCase Transcript. The result analysis shows that Steganography technique had hidden a certain number of message which are invisible to naked eye.
LTCC based substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filters with CPW transitions

In this work, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filters were designed and fabricated using LTCC process. The proposed scheme consists of SIW cavities with coupling slots and coplanar waveguide (CPW) transitions. To reduce the component size and surface occupation, three SIW cavities are laminated vertically. Both horizontal transition and vertical transition are used between the two CPW transmission lines. Based on the SICCAS-K70D LTCC material (εr = 66, tanδ = 0.002 @3.5 GHz), an S-band bandpass filter with a center frequency of 2.59 GHz was designed and fabricated using the in-house developed LTCC material and process.
The relationship between population-level exposure to alcohol advertising on television and brand-specific consumption among underage youth in the US.

We investigated the population-level relationship between exposure to brand-specific advertising and brand-specific alcohol use among US youth.



We conducted an internet survey of a national sample of 1031 youth, ages 13-20, who had consumed alcohol in the past 30 days. We ascertained all of the alcohol brands respondents consumed in the past 30 days, as well as which of 20 popular television shows they had viewed during that time period. Using a negative binomial regression model, we examined the relationship between aggregated brand-specific exposure to alcohol advertising on the 20 television shows [ad stock, measured in gross rating points (GRPs)] and youth brand-consumption prevalence, while controlling for the average price and overall market share of each brand.



Brands with advertising exposure on the 20 television shows had a consumption prevalence about four times higher than brands not advertising on those shows. Brand-level advertising elasticity of demand varied by exposure level, with higher elasticity in the lower exposure range. The estimated advertising elasticity of 0.63 in the lower exposure range indicates that for each 1% increase in advertising exposure, a brand's youth consumption prevalence increases by 0.63%.



At the population level, underage youths' exposure to brand-specific advertising was a significant predictor of the consumption prevalence of that brand, independent of each brand's price and overall market share. The non-linearity of the observed relationship suggests that youth advertising exposure may need to be lowered substantially in order to decrease consumption of the most heavily advertised brands.
CUNY BLENDER TAC-KBP2011 Temporal Slot Filling System Description

In this paper we describe the participation of the CUNY-BLENDER team in the Temporal Slot Filling (TSF) pilot task organized as part of the TAC-KBP2010 evaluation. Our team submitted results for both the “diagnostic” and “full” TSF subtasks, obtaining the top score in the diagnostic subtask. We implemented a “structured” and a “flat” approach to the classification of temporal expressions. The structured approach captures long syntactic contexts surrounding the query entity, slot fill and temporal expression using a dependency path kernel tailored to this task. The flat approach exploits information such as the lexical context and shallow dependency features. In order to provide enough training data for these classifiers we used a distant supervision approach to automatically generate a large amount of training instances from the Web. This data was further refined by applying logistic regression models for instance relabeling and feature selection methods.
Inferring ontology graph structures using OWL reasoning

Ontologies are representations of a conceptualization of a domain. Traditionally, ontologies in biology were represented as directed acyclic graphs (DAG) which represent the backbone taxonomy and additional relations between classes. These graphs are widely exploited for data analysis in the form of ontology enrichment or computation of semantic similarity. More recently, ontologies are developed in a formal language such as the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and consist of a set of axioms through which classes are defined or constrained. While the taxonomy of an ontology can be inferred directly from the axioms of an ontology as one of the standard OWL reasoning tasks, creating general graph structures from OWL ontologies that exploit the ontologies’ semantic content remains a challenge. We developed a method to transform ontologies into graphs using an automated reasoner while taking into account all relations between classes. Searching for (existential) patterns in the deductive closure of ontologies, we can identify relations between classes that are implied but not asserted and generate graph structures that encode for a large part of the ontologies’ semantic content. We demonstrate the advantages of our method by applying it to inference of protein-protein interactions through semantic similarity over the Gene Ontology and demonstrate that performance is increased when graph structures are inferred using deductive inference according to our method. Our software and experiment results are available at http://github.com/bio-ontology-research-group/Onto2Graph . Onto2Graph is a method to generate graph structures from OWL ontologies using automated reasoning. The resulting graphs can be used for improved ontology visualization and ontology-based data analysis.
Exploiting Textile Mechanical Anisotropy for Fabric-Based Pneumatic Actuators.

Knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics offer a diverse range of stretch and strain limiting mechanical properties that can be leveraged to produce tailored, whole-body deformation mechanics of soft robotic systems. This work presents new insights and methods for combining heterogeneous fabric material layers to create soft fabric-based actuators. This work demonstrates that a range of multi-degree-of-freedom motions can be generated by varying fabrics and their layered arrangements when a thin airtight bladder is inserted between them and inflated. Specifically, we present bending and straightening fabric-based actuators that are simple to manufacture, lightweight, require low operating pressures, display a high torque-to-weight ratio, and occupy a low volume in their unpressurized state. Their utility is demonstrated through their integration into a glove that actively assists hand opening and closing.
The Use of Zigs and Zags to Reduce Scarring over “Keloid Triangles” during Excisional Surgery: Biomechanics, Review and Recommendations

The sternal region, cervico-mandibular region and the intra-mammary region have been the bane of many cutaneous surgeons, with a higher propensity for poor scarring and wound complications. In this article, the author undertakes a review of different methods of breaking up scars by utilizing zigs and zags, and conducts a pigskin study to measure the reduction in tension that can be achieved by using a simple zigzag technique while performing excisions.  A pigskin study conducted into the use of the simple zigzag to reduce the tension (and thereby scarring) of surgical wounds is reported here, and comparison and review is undertaken of the biomechanics of elliptical excisions and traditional Z-plasties.  Using a simple zigzag reduces tension across the midpoint of the scar more effectively than a Z-plasty or a simple elliptical excision.  The techniques of breaking up a scar or incision line by using zigs and zags, in a means to reduce scarring, are not new. However, each of these techniques has specific advantages and disadvantages that need consideration by the surgeon. In this paper, a pigskin study is conducted into the use of the simple zigzag to reduce the tension (and thereby reduce the risk of poor scarring) of surgical wounds.
How infants perceive the toy robot Pleo. An exploratory case study on infant-robot-interaction

In order to develop robot systems that can interact with untrained, naïve human users, it is important to understand how people – from different age groups – perceive a given robot system and which features might be relevant for this. While existing studies generally use questionnaires/interviews and/or coding schemes rendering either abstract categories or single features of individual behaviour towards a robot, we suggest to use a different methodological approach: to use the concepts and methodological tools from Ethnomethodological Conversation Analysis (EM/CA). Investigating video data from a study in which users – here: infants 3 to 8 years old – play with the toy robot Pleo, we show that and how (1) a user’s perception, categorization and re-interpretation of a robot system emerges step by step during and from the interaction with the system, and (2) how the user’s attempts to establish coordinated ‘sequences of action’ play a central role in this. The results of our initial exploratory case analysis are discussed in the light of studies which suggest that, in infants, robotic pets seem to blur foundational ontological categories, such as animate vs. inanimate.
Feeling the Pressure: A Parylene-Based Intraocular Pressure Sensor

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is important for the prevention and treatment of certain human eye diseases. For example, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world according to the World Health Organization [1]. The majority of glaucoma patients have an IOP >; 20 mmHg (compared with a normal IOP of 10 mmHg), which could damage patients optic nerves in the backside of the eye and cause irreversible blindness. Currently, there is no cure for glaucoma, but with early diagnosis and proper treatment, the visual loss can be slowed or eliminated. Due to the lack of other symptoms or pain, and the eye's ability to compensate for loss of peripheral vision, many glaucoma patients are unaware of the disease's development until it is severe. In fact, only half of the patients in the United States are aware of having glaucoma. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent blindness. Thus, a device to diagnose early-stage glaucoma is in demand.
Unsupervised Outlier Detection in Time Series Data

Fraud detection is of great importance to financial institutions. This paper is concerned with the problem of finding outliers in time series financial data using Peer Group Analysis (PGA), which is an unsupervised technique for fraud detection. The objective of PGA is to characterize the expected pattern of behavior around the target sequence in terms of the behavior of similar objects, and then to detect any difference in evolution between the expected pattern and the target. The tool has been applied to the stock market data, which has been collected from Bangladesh Stock Exchange to assess its performance in stock fraud detection. We observed PGA can detect those brokers who suddenly start selling the stock in a different way to other brokers to whom they were previously similar. We also applied t-statistics to find the deviations effectively.
Multipath mitigation in Time of Flight 3D sensor based on direct and global seperation technique

3D Time-of-Flight sensing technology provides distant measurements from the camera to the scene in the field of view, for complete depth map of a scene. It works by illuminating the scene with a modulated light sources and measuring the phase change between illuminated and reflected light. This is translated to distance, for each pixel simultaneously. The sensor receives the radiance which is combination of light received along multiple paths due to global illumination. This global radiance causes multi-path interference. Separating these components to recover scene depths is challenging for corner shaped and coronel shaped scene as number of multiple path increases. It is observed that for different scenes, global radiance disappears with increase in frequencies beyond some threshold level. This observation is used to develop a novel technique to recover unambiguous depth map of a scene. It requires minimum two frequencies and 3 to 4 measurements which gives minimum computations.
Equipment for large-scale mammalian cell culture.

This chapter provides information on commonly used equipment in industrial mammalian cell culture, with an emphasis on bioreactors. The actual equipment used in the cell culture process can vary from one company to another, but the main steps remain the same. The process involves expansion of cells in seed train and inoculation train processes followed by cultivation of cells in a production bioreactor. Process and equipment options for each stage of the cell culture process are introduced and examples are provided. Finally, the use of disposables during seed train and cell culture production is discussed.
Multi-task Learning for Predicting Health , Stress , and Happiness

Multi-task Learning (MTL) is applied to the problem of predicting next-day health, stress, and happiness using data from wearable sensors and smartphone logs. Three formulations of MTL are compared: i) Multi-task Multi-Kernel learning, which feeds information across tasks through kernel weights on feature types, ii) a Hierarchical Bayes model in which tasks share a common Dirichlet prior, and iii) Deep Neural Networks, which share several hidden layers but have final layers unique to each task. We show that by using MTL to leverage data from across the population while still customizing a model for each person, we can account for individual differences, and obtain state-of-the-art performance on this dataset.
Fetus-in-fetu: a pediatric rarity

Fetus-in-fetu (FIF) is a rare entity resulting from abnormal embryogenesis in diamniotic monochorionic twins, being first described by Johann Friedrich Meckel (1800s). This occurs when a vertebrate fetus is enclosed in a normally growing fetus. Clinical manifestations vary. Detection is most often in infancy, the oldest reported age being 47. We report the case of a 4-day-old girl who was referred postnatally following a prenatal fetal scan which had revealed the presence of a multi-loculated retroperitoneal mass lesion with calcifications within. A provisional radiological diagnosis of FIF was made. Elective laparotomy revealed a well encapsulated retroperitoneal mass containing among other structures a skull vault and rudimentary limb buds. Recovery was uneventful. Here we discuss the difference between FIF and teratomas, risks of non-operative therapy and the role of serology in surveillance and detection of malignant change.
CloudEFS: Efficient and secure file system for cloud storage

Although outsourcing data to the cloud has many advantages, cloud computing introduces new privacy and security requirements on how data is stored and accessed. To ensure data confidentiality, use of encryption is a common strategy. A problem with this strategy is that for large data it becomes difficult to access and update data, and to ensure data integrity and data provenance without decrypting all the data. The problem becomes severe when it comes to accessing and modifying large files using mobile devices with limited processing and bandwidth capabilities. In this paper, we present CloudEFS, a novel storage framework to efficiently access and update large encrypted data. A new cached hash algorithm enables efficient updates of data integrity and provenance information. CloudEFS provides improved privacy by hiding not only content but also metadata such as data size, file count, file structure and file history.
Strategic human resource management : The evolution of the fi eld

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This review takes an evolutionary and chronological perspective on the development of strategic human resource management (SHRM) literature. We divide this body of work into seven themes that reflect the directions and trends researchers have taken over approximately thirty years of research. During this time the field took shape, developed rich conceptual foundations, and matured into a domain that has substantial influence on research activities in HR and related management disciplines. We trace how the field has evolved to its current state, articulate many of the major findings and contributions, and discuss how we believe it will evolve in the future. This approach contributes to the field of SHRM by synthesizing work in this domain and by highlighting areas of research focus that have received perhaps enough attention, as well as areas of research focus that, while promising, have remained largely unexamined. 1.  Boxall, Purcell, and Wright (2007) distinguish among three major subfields of human resource management (HRM): micro HRM (MHRM), strategic HRM (SHRM), and international HRM (IHRM). Micro HRM covers the subfunctions of HR policy and practice and consists of two main categories: one with managing individuals and small groups (e.g., recruitment, selection, induction, training and development, performance management, and remuneration) and the other with managing work organization and employee voice systems (including union-management relations). Strategic HRM covers the overall HR strategies adopted by business units and companies and tries to measure their impacts on performance. Within this domain both design and execution issues are examined. International HRM covers HRM in companies operating across national boundaries. Since strategic HRM often covers the international context, we will include those international HRM articles that have a strategic focus. While most of the academic literature on SHRM has been published in the last 30 years, the intellectual roots of the field can be traced back to the 1920s in the U.S. (Kaufman, 2001). The concept of labor as a human resource and the strategic view of HRM policy and practice were described and discussed by labor economists and industrial relations scholars of that period, such as John Commons. Progressive companies in the 1920s intentionally formulated and adopted innovative HR practices that represented a strategic approach to the management of labor. A small, but visibly elite group of employers in this time period …
A See-through-Wall System for Device-Free Human Motion Sensing Based on Battery-Free RFID

A see-through-wall system can be used in life detection, military fields, elderly people surveillance. and gaming. The existing systems are mainly based on military devices, customized signals or pre-deployed sensors inside the room, which are very expensive and inaccessible for general use. Recently, a low-cost RFID technology has gained a lot of attention in this field. Since phase estimates of a battery-free RFID tag collected by a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) RFID reader are sensitive to external interference, the RFID tag could be regarded as a battery-free sensor that detects reflections off targeted objects. The existing RFID-based system, however, needs to first learn the environment of the empty room beforehand to separate reflections off the tracked target. Besides, it can only track low-speed metal objects with high-positioning accuracy. Since the human body with its complex surface has a weaker ability to reflect radio frequency (RF) signals than metal objects, a battery-free RFID tag can capture only a subset of the reflections off the human body. To address these challenges, a RFID-based human motion sensing technology, called RF-HMS, is presented to track device-free human motion through walls. At first, we construct transfer functions of multipath channel based on phase and RSSI measurements to eliminate device noise and reflections off static objects like walls and furniture without learning the environment of the empty room before. Then a tag planar array is grouped by many battery-free RFID tags to improve the sensing performance. RF-HMS combines reflections from each RFID tag into a reinforced result. On this basis, we extract phase shifts to detect the absence or presence of any moving persons and further derive the reflections off a single moving person to identify his/her forward or backward motion direction. The results show that RF-HMS can effectively detect the absence or presence of moving persons with 100% accuracy and keep a high accuracy of more than 90% to track human motion directions.
Period Coded Phase Shifting Strategy for Real–time 3-D Structured Light Illumination

Phase shifting structured light illumination for range sensing involves projecting a set of grating patterns where accuracy is determined, in part, by the number of stripes. However, high pattern frequencies introduce ambiguities during phase unwrapping. This paper proposes a process for embedding a period cue into the projected pattern set without reducing the signal-to-noise ratio. As a result, each period of the high frequency signal can be identified. The proposed method can unwrap high frequency phase and achieve high measurement precision without increasing the pattern number. Therefore, the proposed method can significantly benefit real-time applications. The method is verified by theoretical and experimental analysis using prototype system built to achieve 120 fps at 640 × 480 resolution.