nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Process Integration of Model-Based Design and Production-Code Generation in the Multi-User / Multi-Project Development Environment at Continental Teves – Part 1

Model-Based Design (MBD) and Production-Code Generation (PCG) are in widespread use throughout the automotive industry. Their usage has shown remarkable results in recent years and was mainly instigated by the need for efficiency and quality. This first paper focuses on the improvement potential of MDB tools, highlighting their integration into a company-specific software development process. The integration will be considered on the basis of Continental Teves’ worldwide development environment. The relationship to standards and formal aspects about software development and process improvement in general will be discussed. Furthermore, the paper deals with questions about practical issues, such as tool integration, process safety, reproducibility, and tool certification. In this context it addresses the impact of tool integration and automation on efficiency and quality.
Computer poker: A review

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t The game of poker has been identified as a beneficial domain for current AI research because of the properties it possesses such as the need to deal with hidden information and stochasticity. The identification of poker as a useful research domain has inevitably resulted in increased attention from academic researchers who have pursued many separate avenues of research in the area of computer poker. The poker domain has often featured in previous review papers that focus on games in general, however a comprehensive review paper with a specific focus on computer poker has so far been lacking in the literature. In this paper, we present a review of recent algorithms and approaches in the area of computer poker, along with a survey of the autonomous poker agents that have resulted from this research. We begin with the first serious attempts to create strong computerised poker players by constructing knowledge-based and simulation-based systems. This is followed by the use of computational game theory to construct robust poker agents and the advances that have been made in this area. Approaches to constructing exploitive agents are reviewed and the challenging problems of creating accurate and dynamic opponent models are addressed. Finally, we conclude with a selection of alternative approaches that have received attention in previously published material and the interesting problems that they pose.
Open-loop stochastic optimal control of a passive noise-rejection variable stiffness actuator: Application to unstable tasks

In this paper we propose a methodology to control a novel class of actuators that we called passive noise rejection variable stiffness actuators (pnrVSA). Differently from nowadays classical VSA designs, this novel class of actuators mimics the human musculoskeletal ability to increase noise rejection without relying on feedback. To fully highlight the potentialities behind these actuators we consider movement planning under two constraints: (1) absence of feedback, i.e. purely open-loop planning1; (2) uncertain dynamic model. Under these constraints, movement planning can be formalized as an open-loop stochastic optimal control. Due to the lack of classical methods forcing the open-loop nature of the computed solution, we used here a slight modification of available methodologies based on importance sampling of trajectories using forward diffusion processes. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm can be effectively used to plan open-loop movements with pnrVSA. In particular, two different scenarios are considered: the control of a single joint pnrVSA and the control of a two degrees of freedom planar arm equipped with antagonist pnrVSAs at each joint. In both cases, movement has to be planned in presence of uncertain dynamics for unstable tasks. It is shown that open-loop stochastic optimal control can modulate the intrinsic stiffness of the system to cope with both instability and noise.
Gastrojejunostomy without partial gastrectomy to manage duodenal stenosis in a dog

A nine-year-old female Rottweiler with a history of repeated gastrointestinal ulcerations and three previous surgical interventions related to gastrointestinal ulceration presented with symptoms of anorexia and intermittent vomiting. Benign gastric outflow obstruction was diagnosed in the proximal duodenal area. The initial surgical plan was to perform a pylorectomy with gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I procedure), but owing to substantial scar tissue and adhesions in the area a palliative gastrojejunostomy was performed. This procedure provided a bypass for the gastric contents into the proximal jejunum via the new stoma, yet still allowed bile and pancreatic secretions to flow normally via the patent duodenum. The gastrojejunostomy technique was successful in the surgical management of this case, which involved proximal duodenal stricture in the absence of neoplasia. Regular telephonic followup over the next 12 months confirmed that the patient was doing well.
Natural Language Processing for Historical Texts Michael Piotrowski (Leibniz Institute of European History) Morgan & Claypool (Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies, edited by Graeme Hirst, volume 17), 2012, ix+157 pp; paperbound, ISBN 978-1608459469

The publication of a scholarly book is always the conjunction of an author’s desire (or need) to disseminate their experience and knowledge and the interest or expectations of a potential community of readers to gain benefit from the publication itself. Michael Piotrowski has indeed managed to optimize this relation by bringing to the public a compendium of information that I think has been heavily awaited by many scholars having to deal with corpora of historical texts. The book covers most topics related to the acquisition, encoding, and annotation of historical textual data, seen from the point of view of their linguistic content. As such, it does not address issues related, for instance, to scholarly editions of these texts, but conveys a wealth of information on the various aspects where recent developments in language technology may help digital humanities projects to be aware of the current state of the art in the field.
Data generation for testing and grading SQL queries

Correctness of SQL queries is usually tested by executing the queries on one or more datasets. Erroneous queries are often the results of small changes or mutations of the correct query. A mutation Q $$'$$ ′ of a query Q is killed by a dataset D if Q(D) $$\ne $$ ≠ Q $$'$$ ′ (D). Earlier work on the XData system showed how to generate datasets that kill all mutations in a class of mutations that included join type and comparison operation mutations. In this paper, we extend the XData data generation techniques to handle a wider variety of SQL queries and a much larger class of mutations. We have also built a system for grading SQL queries using the datasets generated by XData. We present a study of the effectiveness of the datasets generated by the extended XData approach, using a variety of queries including queries submitted by students as part of a database course. We show that the XData datasets outperform predefined datasets as well as manual grading done earlier by teaching assistants, while also avoiding the drudgery of manual correction. Thus, we believe that our techniques will be of great value to database course instructors and TAs, particularly to those of MOOCs. It will also be valuable to database application developers and testers for testing SQL queries.
Computational model and the human perception of emotional body language ( EBL )

Emotions are undeniably a central component of human existence. In recent years, the importance of developing systems which incorporate emotions into human-computer interaction (HCI) has been widely acknowledged. However, research on emotion recognition has been dominated by studies of facial expression of emotion. In comparison, the study of EBL has received relatively little attention. Here we study the phenomena of EBL, specifically of static body postures expressing emotions, from two different perspectives. First, we have built a computational model for the recognition of four basic emotions which achieves a relatively high recognition rate (70 %). Secondly, to study perception of EBL, we examined what body parts attract the observer's attention during the perception of EBL. This is done by tracking eye movements of human subjects during the observation of static postures expressing emotions. Although invaluable information can be inferred from motion, this study will show that information about static body posture is rich enough for both automatic recognition and human perception. The present study contributes in an applicative way both to the development of automatic recognition systems of EBL and provides insight into the nature of human recognition of EBL.
The midline-based nasolabial transposition (MNT) flap: an original single-stage technique for nasal tip reconstruction.

Nasolabial flaps based on the lateral side of the nose for the reconstruction of lateral nasal defects in a single-stage procedure have been described. Similarly, in midline defects, nasolabial flaps can be used but a 2-stage procedure is classically required. The Midline-based Nasolabial Transposition (MNT) flap is presented as a new single-stage procedure for nasal tip reconstruction.



Between 2009 and 2011, an MNT flap was used as a single-stage procedure in 3 cases of large nasal defects of the tip where the forehead flap was either contraindicated or rejected as an option by the patient.



There were no complications and a satisfactory aesthetic result was achieved in all cases.



The MNT flap is a new single-stage procedure for large nasal tip defects and as such represents an interesting alternative to the classical 2-stage forehead and nasolabial flaps, especially in elderly patients.
Warp: Lightweight Multi-Key Transactions for Key-Value Stores

Traditional NoSQL systems scale by sharding data across multiple servers and by performing each operation on a small number of servers. Because transactions necessarily require coordination across multiple servers, NoSQL systems often explicitly avoid making transactional guarantees in order to avoid such coordination. Past work in this space has relied either on heavyweight protocols, such as two-phase commit or Paxos, or clock synchronization to perform this coordination. This paper presents a novel protocol for providing ACID transactions on top of a sharded data store. Called linear transactions, this protocol allows transactions to execute in natural arrival order unless doing so would violate serializability. We have fully implemented linear transactions in a commercially available data store. Experiments show that Warp achieves 3.2× higher throughput than Sinfonia’s mini-transactions on the standard TPC-C benchmark with no aborts. Further, the system achieves 96% the throughput of HyperDex even though HyperDex makes no transactional guarantees.
Agile and Kanban in Coordination

Iterative development and Kanban are not mutually exclusive competing methodologies, in essence they are complementary processes that when used together can facilitate higher performance in large development teams. This paper is a walkthrough of the Network Gaming team's implementation of Iterative Agile alongside Lean Kanban here at WMS Gaming. The intent is to cover the processes created and the improvements achieved with this coordinated Agile / Lean system.
Fast algorithms for Dyck-CFL-reachability with applications to alias analysis

The context-free language (CFL) reachability problem is a well-known fundamental formulation in program analysis. In practice, many program analyses, especially pointer analyses, adopt a restricted version of CFL-reachability, Dyck-CFL-reachability, and compute on edge-labeled bidirected graphs. Solving the all-pairs Dyck-CFL-reachability on such bidirected graphs is expensive. For a bidirected graph with n nodes and m edges, the traditional dynamic programming style algorithm exhibits a subcubic time complexity for the Dyck language with k kinds of parentheses. When the underlying graphs are restricted to bidirected trees, an algorithm with O(n log n log k) time complexity was proposed recently. This paper studies the Dyck-CFL-reachability problems on bidirected trees and graphs. In particular, it presents two fast algorithms with O(n) and O(n + m log m) time complexities on trees and graphs respectively. We have implemented and evaluated our algorithms on a state-of-the-art alias analysis for Java. Results on standard benchmarks show that our algorithms achieve orders of magnitude speedup and consume less memory.
A GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL FOR PSYCHOTICISM *

This study reports the results of a biometrical genetical analysis of scores on a personality inventory (The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, or EPQ), which purports to measure psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion and dissimulation (Lie Scale). The subjects were 544 pairs of twins, from the Maudsley Twin Register. The purpose of the study was to test the applicability of various genotypeenvironmental models concerning the causation of P scores. Transformation of the raw scores is required to secure a scale on which the effects of genes and environment are additive. On such a scale 51% of the variation in P is due to environmental differences within families, but the greater part (77%) of this environmental variation is due to random effects which are unlikely to be controllable. . The genetical consequences ot'assortative mating were too slight to be detectable in this study, and the genetical variation is consistent with the hypothesis that gene effects are additive. This is a general finding for traits which have been subjected to stabilizing selection. Our model for P is consistent with these advanced elsewhere to explain the origin of certain kinds of psychopathology. The data provide little support for the view that the "family environment" (including the environmental influence of parents) plays a major part in the determination of individual differences in P, though we cite evidence suggesting that sibling competition effects are producing genotypeenvironmental covariation for the determinants of P in males. The genetical and environmental determinants of the covariation of P with other personality dimensions are considered. Assumptions are discussed and tested where possible.
Language, mind and brain

Language serves as a cornerstone of human cognition. However, our knowledge about its neural basis is still a matter of debate, partly because ‘language’ is often ill-defined. Rather than equating language with ‘speech’ or ‘communication’, we propose that language is best described as a biologically determined computational cognitive mechanism that yields an unbounded array of hierarchically structured expressions. The results of recent brain imaging studies are consistent with this view of language as an autonomous cognitive mechanism, leading to a view of its neural organization, whereby language involves dynamic interactions of syntactic and semantic aspects represented in neural networks that connect the inferior frontal and superior temporal cortices functionally and structurally. Friederici et al. outline a view of the neural organization of language that is compatible with a description of language as a biologically determined computational mechanism that yields an infinite number of hierarchically structured expressions.
A Novel Charge-Imbalance Termination for Trench Superjunction VDMOS

A novel charge-imbalance termination region for high-voltage trench superjunction (SJ) vertical diffused MOSFETs (SJ-VDMOSs) is proposed and discussed in this letter. Its breakdown characteristics are investigated theoretically and experimentally. A simple and meaningful analytical-solution method is proposed, and it agrees with the simulation and experimental results. As a result, the novel imbalance termination can suppress the edge-drift potential more effectively than the conventional one in the off state. When the trench SJ-VDMOS was compared with a conventional termination structure of the same size, the device improved the breakdown voltage (BV) by about 8% using the proposed termination structure. Experimentally, a BV of 715 V was obtained in the trench SJ-VDMOS with a 35-μm trench on a 45-μm epitaxial layer and a 90- μm termination region.
Solar-induced chlorophyll fl uorescence that correlates with canopy photosynthesis on diurnal and seasonal scales in a temperate deciduous forest

Previous studies have suggested that solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is correlated with Gross Primary Production (GPP). However, it remains unclear to what extent this relationship is due to absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and/or light use efficiency (LUE). Here we present the first time series of near-surface measurement of canopy-scale SIF at 760 nm in temperate deciduous forests. SIF correlated with GPP estimated with eddy covariance at diurnal and seasonal scales (r = 0.82 and 0.73, respectively), as well as with APAR diurnally and seasonally (r = 0.90 and 0.80, respectively). SIF/APAR is significantly positively correlated with LUE and is higher during cloudy days than sunny days. Weekly tower-based SIF agreed with SIF from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (r = 0.82). Our results provide ground-based evidence that SIF is directly related to both APAR and LUE and thus GPP, and confirm that satellite SIF can be used as a proxy for GPP.
Influence of facial expression and viewpoint variations on face recognition accuracy by different face recognition algorithms

Face recognition is a personal identification method using biometrics that is gaining the attention in this research field. The face recognition process can be done without the human and devices interaction, so it can be applied in several applications. In additions, the face recognition systems are typically implemented at different places in unconstrained environments. Hence, the study of the factors that impact the face recognition accuracy is an interesting and challenging topic. In the class attendance checking system using face recognition, there are variations of three factors that possibly affect the accuracy of the system; facial expressions, and face viewpoints. This study intends to compare facial recognition accuracy of three well-known algorithms namely Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, and LBPH. The experiments conducted in the respects of the variation of facial expressions, and face viewpoints in the actual classroom. The results of the experiment demonstrated that LBPH is the most precise algorithm which achieves 81.67% of accuracy in still-image-based testing. The facial expression that has the most impact on accuracy is the grin, and face viewpoints that affect accuracy are looking down and tilting left, and right respectively. Therefore, LBPH is the most suitable algorithm to apply in a class attendance checking system after considering the accuracy.
Smell with inspiration: the evolutionary significance of olfaction.

The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the mammalian genome (and larger than any other gene family in any other species), comprising 1% of genes. Beginning with a genetic radiation in reptiles roughly 200 million years ago, terrestrial vertebrates can detect millions of odorants. Each species has an olfactory repertoire unique to the genetic makeup of that species. The human olfactory repertoire is quite diverse. Contrary to erroneously reported estimates, humans can detect millions of airborne odorants (volatiles) in quite small concentrations. We exhibit tremendous variation in our genes that control the receptors in our olfactory epithelium, and this may relate to variation in cross-cultural perception of and preference for odors. With age, humans experience differential olfactory dysfunction, with some odors remaining strong and others becoming increasingly faint. Olfactory dysfunction has been pathologically linked to depression and quality of life issues, neurodegenerative disorders, adult and childhood obesity, and decreased nutrition in elderly females. Human pheromones, a controversial subject, seem to be a natural phenomenon, with a small number identified in clinical studies. The consumer product industry (perfumes, food and beverage, and pesticides) devotes billions of dollars each year supporting olfactory research in an effort to enhance product design and marketing. With so many intersecting areas of research, anthropology has a tremendous contribution to make to this growing body of work that crosses traditional disciplinary lines and has a clear applied component. Also, anthropology could benefit from considering the power of the olfactory system in memory, behavioral and social cues, evolutionary history, mate choice, food decisions, and overall health.
Entry Strategies Under Competing Standards: Hybrid Business Models in the Open Source Software Industry

The paper analyses the entry strategies of software firms that adopt the Open Source production model. A new definition of business model is proposed. Empirical evidence, based on an exploratory survey taken on 146 Italian software firms, shows that firms adapted to an environment dominated by incumbent standards by combining Open Source and proprietary software. The paper examines the determinants of business models and discusses the stability of hybrid models in the evolution of the industry.
A local hemostatic agent for the management of postpartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa and placenta accreta: a cross-sectional study

To describe the use of a local hemostatic agent (LHA) for the management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to bleeding of the placental bed in patients taken to caesarean section at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital. A total of 41 pregnant women who had a caesarean section and developed PPH. A cross-sectional study. Analysis of all cases of PPH during caesarean section presented from 2006 up to and including 2012 at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital. Emergency hysterectomy due to PPH. The proportion of hysterectomies was 5 vs. 66 % for the group that received and did not receive management with a LHA respectively (PR 0.07, CI 95 % 0.01–0.51 p < 0.01). For the group managed without a LHA, 80 % of patients needed hemoderivatives transfusion vs. 20 % of patients in the group managed with a LHA (PR 0.24, CI 95 % 0.1–0.6 p < 0.01). A reduction in the mean days of hospitalization in addition to a descent in the proportion of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) was noticed when comparing the group that received a LHA versus the one that did not. An inverse association between the use of a LHA in patients with PPH due to bleeding of the placental bed and the need to perform an emergency obstetric hysterectomy was observed. Additionally there was a significant reduction in the mean duration of hospital stay, use of hemoderivatives and admission to the ICU.