nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Availability and Load Balancing in Cloud Computing

Availability of cloud systems is one of the main concerns of cloud computing. The term, availability of clouds, is mainly evaluated by ubiquity of information comparing with resource scaling. In clouds, load balancing, as a method, is applied across different data centers to ensure the network availability by minimizing use of computer hardware, software failures and mitigating recourse limitations. This work discusses the load balancing in cloud computing and then demonstrates a case study of system availability based on a typical Hospital Database Management solution.
Concreteness Fading in Mathematics and Science Instruction : a Systematic Review

A longstanding debate concerns the use of concrete versus abstract instructional materials, particularly in domains such as mathematics and science. Although decades of research have focused on the advantages and disadvantages of concrete and abstract materials considered independently, we argue for an approach that moves beyond this dichotomy and combines their advantages. Specifically, we recommend beginning with concrete materials and then explicitly and gradually fading to the more abstract. Theoretical benefits of this “concreteness fading” technique for mathematics and science instruction include (1) helping learners interpret ambiguous or opaque abstract symbols in terms of well-understood concrete objects, (2) providing embodied perceptual and physical experiences that can ground abstract thinking, (3) enabling learners to build up a store of memorable images that can be used when abstract symbols lose meaning, and (4) guiding learners to strip away extraneous concrete properties and distill the generic, generalizable properties. In these ways, concreteness fading provides advantages that go beyond the sum of the benefits of concrete and abstract materials.
Resource constrained real-time lane-vehicle detection for advanced driver assistance on mobile devices

Recently, advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) has attracted a lot of attention due to the fast growing industry of smart cars, which is believed to be the next human-computer interaction after smart phones. As ADAS is a critical enabling component in a human-in-the-loop cyber-physical system (CPS) involving complicated physical environment, it has stringent requirements on reliability, accuracy as well as latency. Lane and vehicle detections are the basic functions in ADAS, which provide lane departure warning (LDW) and forward collision warning (FCW) to predict the dangers and warn the drivers. While extensive literature exists on this topic, none of them considers the important fact that many vehicles today do not have powerful embedded electronics or cameras. It will be costly to upgrade the vehicle just for ADAS enhancement. To address this issue, we demonstrate a new framework that utilizes microprocessors in mobile devices with embedded cameras for advanced driver assistance. The main challenge that comes with this low cost solution is the dilemma between limited computing power and tight latency requirement, and uncalibrated camera and high accuracy requirement. Accordingly, we propose an efficient, accurate, flexible yet light-weight real-time lane and vehicle detection method and implement it on Android devices. Real road test results suggest that an average latency of 15 fps can be achieved with a high accuracy of 12.58 average pixel offset for each lane in all scenarios and 97+ precision for vehicle detection. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the very first implementation of both lane and vehicle detections on mobile devices with un-calibrated embedded camera.
Identification of exosome-like nanoparticle-derived microRNAs from 11 edible fruits and vegetables

Edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (EPDELNs) are novel naturally occurring plant ultrastructures that are structurally similar to exosomes. Many EPDELNs have anti-inflammatory properties. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in mediating physiological and pathological processes in animals and plants. Although miRNAs can be selectively encapsulated in extracellular vesicles, little is known about their expression and function in EPDELNs. In this study, we isolated nanovesicles from 11 edible fruits and vegetables and subjected the corresponding EPDELN small RNA libraries to Illumina sequencing. We identified a total of 418 miRNAs-32 to 127 per species-from the 11 EPDELN samples. Target prediction and functional analyses revealed that highly expressed miRNAs were closely associated with the inflammatory response and cancer-related pathways. The 418 miRNAs could be divided into three classes according to their EPDELN distributions: 26 "frequent" miRNAs (FMs), 39 "moderately present" miRNAs (MPMs), and 353 "rare" miRNAs (RMs). FMs were represented by fewer miRNA species than RMs but had a significantly higher cumulative expression level. Taken together, our in vitro results indicate that miRNAs in EPDELNs have the potential to regulate human mRNA.
An Enhanced Power Sharing Scheme for Voltage Unbalance and Harmonics Compensation in an Islanded AC Microgrid

In this paper, an enhanced hierarchical control structure with multiple current loop damping schemes for voltage unbalance and harmonics compensation (UHC) in ac islanded microgrid is proposed to address unequal power sharing problems. The distributed generation (DG) is properly controlled to autonomously compensate voltage unbalance and harmonics while sharing the compensation effort for the real power, reactive power, and unbalance and harmonic powers. The proposed control system of the microgrid mainly consists of the positive sequence real and reactive power droop controllers, voltage and current controllers, the selective virtual impedance loop, the unbalance and harmonics compensators, the secondary control for voltage amplitude and frequency restoration, and the auxiliary control to achieve a high-voltage quality at the point of common coupling. By using the proposed unbalance and harmonics compensation, the auxiliary control, and the virtual positive/negative-sequence impedance loops at fundamental frequency, and the virtual variable harmonic impedance loop at harmonic frequencies, an accurate power sharing is achieved. Moreover, the low bandwidth communication (LBC) technique is adopted to send the compensation command of the secondary control and auxiliary control from the microgrid control center to the local controllers of DG unit. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop results using dSPACE 1006 platform are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Design and implementation of a CMOS-MEMS microphone without the back-plate

This study exploits the CMOS-MEMS technology to demonstrate a condenser microphone without back-plate. The reference sensing electrodes are fixed to the substrate, and thus no back-plate is required. To reduce the unwanted deformations resulted from the thin-film residual-stresses and temperature variation for the suspended CMOS-MEMS structures, the suspended acoustic diaphragm and sensing electrodes are respectively formed by the pure-dielectric and symmetric metal-dielectric layers. The design was implemented using TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M standard CMOS process, and the in-house post-CMOS releasing. Typical microphone with acoustic-diaphragm of 300μm-diameter and sensing-electrode of 50μm-long is fabricated and tested. Measurements indicate the sensitivity is −64dBV/Pa at 1kHz under 13.5V bias-voltage. The design enables the CMOS-MEMS microphone having good temperature stability between 30∼90°C.
A comparison of classification algorithms for verbose queries detection using BabelNet

Users of search engines interact with the system using different size and type of queries. Current search engines perform well with keyword queries but are not for verbose queries which are too long, detailed, or are expressed in more words than are needed. The detection of verbose queries may help search engines to get pertinent results. To accomplish this goal it is important to make some appropriate preprocessing techniques in order to improve classifiers effectiveness. In this paper, we propose to use BabelNet as knowledge base in the preprocessing step and then make a comparative study between different algorithms to classify queries into two classes, verbose or succinct. Our Experimental results are conducted using the TREC Robust Track as data set and different classifiers such as, decision trees probabilistic methods, rule-based methods, instance-based methods, SVM and neural networks.
To eat or to sleep? Orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness.

Orexin-A and orexin-B are neuropeptides originally identified as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. Orexin neuropeptides (also known as hypocretins) are produced by a small group of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic and perifornical areas, a region classically implicated in the control of mammalian feeding behavior. Orexin neurons project throughout the central nervous system (CNS) to nuclei known to be important in the control of feeding, sleep-wakefulness, neuroendocrine homeostasis, and autonomic regulation. orexin mRNA expression is upregulated by fasting and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. C-fos expression in orexin neurons, an indicator of neuronal activation, is positively correlated with wakefulness and negatively correlated with rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep states. Intracerebroventricular administration of orexins has been shown to significantly increase food consumption, wakefulness, and locomotor activity in rodent models. Conversely, an orexin receptor antagonist inhibits food consumption. Targeted disruption of the orexin gene in mice produces a syndrome remarkably similar to human and canine narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and other pathological manifestations of the intrusion of REM sleep-related features into wakefulness. Furthermore, orexin knockout mice are hypophagic compared with weight and age-matched littermates, suggesting a role in modulating energy metabolism. These findings suggest that the orexin neuropeptide system plays a significant role in feeding and sleep-wakefulness regulation, possibly by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions.
Overview of immigrant worker occupational health and safety for the agriculture, forestry, and fishing (AgFF) sector in the southeastern United States.

Manual labor in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AgFF) Sector is provided primarily by immigrant workers. Limited information is available that documents the demographic characteristics of these manual workers, the occupational illnesses, injuries and fatalities they experience; or the risk factors to which they are exposed.



A working conference of experts on occupational health in the AgFF Sector was held to address information limitations. This paper provides an overview of the conference. Other reports address organization of work, health outcomes, healthcare access, and safety policy.



This report addresses how best to define the population and the AgFF Sector, occupational exposures for the sector, data limitations, characteristics of immigrant workers, reasons for concern for immigrant workers in the AgFF Sector, regulations, a conceptual model for occupational health, and directions for research and intervention.
Antagonistic Activity of Cellular Components of Potential Probiotic Bacteria, Isolated from the Gut of Labeo rohita, Against Aeromonas hydrophila.

The objective of this study was to characterise the antagonistic activity of cellular components of potential probiotic bacteria isolated from the gut of healthy rohu (Labeo rohita), a tropical freshwater fish, against the fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. Three potential probiotic strains (referred to as R1, R2, and R5) were screened using a well diffusion, and their antagonistic activity against A. hydrophila was determined. Biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene analysis confirmed that R1, R2, and R5 were Lactobacillus plantarum VSG3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG2, and Bacillus subtilis VSG1, respectively. Four different fractions of cellular components (i.e. the whole-cell product, heat-killed whole-cell product [HKWCP], intracellular product [ICP], and extracellular product) of these selected strains were effective in an in vitro sensitivity test against 6 A. hydrophila strains. Among the cellular components, the ICP of R1, HKWCP of R2, and ICP of R5 exhibited the strongest antagonistic activities, as evidenced by their inhibition zones. The antimicrobial compounds from these selected cellular components were partially purified by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography, and their properties were analysed. The ranges of pH stability of the purified compounds were wide (3.0-10.0), and compounds were thermally stable up to 90 °C. Considering these results, isolated probiotic strains may find potential applications in the prevention and treatment of aquatic aeromonosis.
Modified Net Present Value ( MNPV ) : A New Technique for Capital Budgeting

In this paper we show that, when the firm's opportunity rate of reinvestment is different from its financing rate. The risk-adjusted discount rate method (RADR) of computing Net Present Value (!\'PV) leads to the same type of incorr(;ct results that required ne,,' methodology for modifying Internal Rate of Return (IRR) calculations (i.e. Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR)). Specifically, the current method of calculating NPV is biased in favour of (against) high-risk projects and against (in favour ot) low-risk projects when the risk-adjusted discount rate is greater (less) than the firm's average marginal cost of capital (WACC) for two reasons. First, it incorrectly assumes that the reinvestment rate for project cash inflows is the risk-adjusted discount rate of the project instead of the firm's opportunity rate of reinvestment. Sccond, it incorrectly assumes that projected cash outflows, for the time periods alier the initial outlay, are also discounted at the risk-adjusted discount rate. We propose a new methodology to establish a MNPV to eliminate the RADR methodology bias and derive a generalised rate of return (k*) under all combinations of reinvestment and iinancing rates for a firm. In addition we derive and demonstrate the linkages and consistency between the new MNPV, k*, Profitability Index (PI) and MIRR methodologies.
All work and no play: Measuring fun, usability, and learning in software for children

This paper describes an empirical study of fun, usability, and learning in educational software. Twenty Wve children aged 7 and 8 from an English primary school participated. The study involved three software products that were designed to prepare children for government initiated science tests. Pre and post tests were used to measure the learning eVect, and observations and survey methods were used to assess usability and fun. The Wndings from the study demonstrate that in this instance learning was not correlated with fun or usability, that observed fun and observed usability were correlated, and that children of this age appeared to be able to diVerentiate between the constructs used to describe software quality. The Fun Sorter appears to be an eVective tool for evaluating products with children. The authors discuss the implications of the results, oVer some thoughts on designing experiments with children, and propose some ideas for future work.
Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes.

Statin therapy reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular events, but whether the addition of ezetimibe, a nonstatin drug that reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption, can reduce the rate of cardiovascular events further is not known.



We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial involving 18,144 patients who had been hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome within the preceding 10 days and had LDL cholesterol levels of 50 to 100 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 2.6 mmol per liter) if they were receiving lipid-lowering therapy or 50 to 125 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 3.2 mmol per liter) if they were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. The combination of simvastatin (40 mg) and ezetimibe (10 mg) (simvastatin-ezetimibe) was compared with simvastatin (40 mg) and placebo (simvastatin monotherapy). The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, coronary revascularization (≥30 days after randomization), or nonfatal stroke. The median follow-up was 6 years.



The median time-weighted average LDL cholesterol level during the study was 53.7 mg per deciliter (1.4 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-ezetimibe group, as compared with 69.5 mg per deciliter (1.8 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-monotherapy group (P<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier event rate for the primary end point at 7 years was 32.7% in the simvastatin-ezetimibe group, as compared with 34.7% in the simvastatin-monotherapy group (absolute risk difference, 2.0 percentage points; hazard ratio, 0.936; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.99; P=0.016). Rates of prespecified muscle, gallbladder, and hepatic adverse effects and cancer were similar in the two groups.



When added to statin therapy, ezetimibe resulted in incremental lowering of LDL cholesterol levels and improved cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, lowering LDL cholesterol to levels below previous targets provided additional benefit.
A New Wavelet Watermark Scheme of Color Image Based on Chaotic Sequences

A novel transform-domain image watermark based on chaotic sequences is proposed in this paper. A complex chaos-based scheme is developed to embed a gray-level image in the wavelet domain of the original color image signal. The chaos system plays an important role in the security and invisibility of the proposed scheme. The parameter and initial state of chaos system directly influence the generation of watermark information as a key. Meanwhile, the watermark information has the property of spread spectrum signal by chaotic sequence. To improve the invisibility of watermarked image Computer simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is imperceptible and is robust to most watermarking attacks, especially to image cropping, JPEG compression and multipliable noise.
LoRaWAN Bristol

The Bristol LoRaWAN Network is a low power radio network for the Internet of Things, based on LoRaWAN and utilising The Things Network. LoRaWAN is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) specification intended for wireless battery operated Things in regional, national, or global networks. LoRaWAN targets key requirements of internet of things such as secure bi-directional communication, mobility and localisation services. A 2015 pilot programme in the city of Amsterdam aimed to cover the entire city with just 10 wireless gateways. LoRaWAN Bristol aims to replicate this experiment in the UK.
COMPARISON OF ECCENTRIC AND CONCENTRIC EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS IN ADULTS WITH SUBACROMIAL IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME.

Researchers have demonstrated moderate evidence for the use of exercise in the treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS). Recent evidence also supports eccentric exercise for patients with lower extremity and wrist tendinopathies. However, only a few investigators have examined the effects of eccentric exercise on patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy.



To compare the effectiveness of an eccentric progressive resistance exercise (PRE) intervention to a concentric PRE intervention in adults with SAIS.



Randomized Clinical Trial.



Thirty-four participants with SAIS were randomized into concentric (n = 16, mean age: 48.6 ± 14.6 years) and eccentric (n = 18, mean age: 50.1 ± 16.9 years) exercise groups. Supervised rotator cuff and scapular PRE's were performed twice a week for eight weeks. A daily home program of shoulder stretching and active range of motion (AROM) exercises was performed by both groups. The outcome measures of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, pain-free arm scapular plane elevation AROM, pain-free shoulder abduction and external rotation (ER) strength were assessed at baseline, week five, and week eight of the study.



Four separate 2x3 ANOVAs with repeated measures showed no significant difference in any outcome measure between the two groups over time. However, all participants made significant improvements in all outcome measures from baseline to week five (p <  0.0125). Significant improvements also were found from week five to week eight (p < 0.0125) for all outcome measures except scapular plane elevation AROM.



Both eccentric and concentric PRE programs resulted in improved function, AROM, and strength in patients with SAIS. However, no difference was found between the two exercise modes, suggesting that therapists may use exercises that utilize either exercise mode in their treatment of SAIS.
Deeper cascaded peak-piloted network for weak expression recognition

Facial expression recognition is in general a challenging problem, especially in the presence of weak expression. Most recently, deep neural networks have been emerging as a powerful tool for expression recognition. However, due to the lack of training samples, existing deep network-based methods cannot fully capture the critical and subtle details of weak expression, resulting in unsatisfactory results. In this paper, we propose Deeper Cascaded Peak-piloted Network (DCPN) for weak expression recognition. The technique of DCPN has three main aspects: (1) Peak-piloted feature transformation, which utilizes the peak expression (easy samples) to supervise the non-peak expression (hard samples) of the same type and subject; (2) the back-propagation algorithm is specially designed such that the intermediate-layer feature maps of non-peak expression are close to those of the corresponding peak expression; and (3) an novel integration training method, cascaded fine-tune, is proposed to prevent the network from overfitting. Experimental results on two popular facial expression databases, CK$$+$$ + and Oulu-CASIA, show the superiority of the proposed DCPN over state-of-the-art methods.
Development and psychometric validation of PUKAT 2·0, a knowledge assessment tool for pressure ulcer prevention.

The aim of this study was to develop a tool to measure the knowledge of nurses on pressure ulcer prevention. PUKAT 2·0 is a revised and updated version of the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool (PUKAT) developed in 2010 at Ghent University, Belgium. The updated version was developed using state-of-the-art techniques to establish evidence concerning validity and reliability. Face and content validity were determined through a Delphi procedure including both experts from the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) and the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) (n = 15). A subsequent psychometric evaluation of 342 nurses and nursing students evaluated the item difficulty, discriminating power and quality of the response alternatives. Furthermore, construct validity was established through a test-retest procedure and the known-groups technique. The content validity was good and the difficulty level moderate. The discernment was found to be excellent: all groups with a (theoretically expected) higher level of expertise had a significantly higher score than the groups with a (theoretically expected) lower level of expertise. The stability of the tool is sufficient (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0·69). The PUKAT 2·0 demonstrated good psychometric properties and can be used and disseminated internationally to assess knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention.