nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time intravital microscopy of individual nanoparticle dynamics in liver and tumors of live mice.

Intravital microscopy is emerging as an important experimental tool for the research and development of multi-functional therapeutic nanoconstructs. The direct visualization of nanoparticle dynamics within live animals provides invaluable insights into the mechanisms that regulate nanotherapeutics transport and cell-particle interactions. Here we present a protocol to image the dynamics of nanoparticles within the liver and tumors of live mice immediately following systemic injection using a high-speed (30-400 fps) confocal or multi-photon laser-scanning fluorescence microscope. Techniques for quantifying the real-time accumulation and cellular association of individual particles with a size ranging from several tens of nanometers to micrometers are described, as well as an experimental strategy for labeling Kupffer cells in the liver in vivo. Experimental design considerations and controls are provided, as well as minimum equipment requirements. The entire protocol takes approximately 4-8 hours and yields quantitative information. These techniques can serve to study a wide range of kinetic parameters that drive nanotherapeutics delivery, uptake, and treatment response.
Scoring reputation in online social networks

Reputation management plays a key role in improving brand awareness and mastering the impact of harmful events. Aware of its importance, companies invest a lot in acquiring powerful social media monitoring tools (SMM). Several SMM tools are available today in the market, they help marketers and firms' managers follow relevant insights that inform them about what people think about their brand, who speaks about it, when and how it occurs. For this, SMM tools use several metrics concerning messages sent in social media about a brand, but few give a scoring to that brand's reputation. Our contribution through this work is to introduce the reputation score measured by our Intelligent Reputation Measuring System (IRMS) and compare it with existing SMM tools metrics.
Fluid management of the neurological patient: a concise review.

Maintenance fluids in critically ill brain-injured patients are part of routine critical care. Both the amounts of fluid volumes infused and the type and tonicity of maintenance fluids are relevant in understanding the impact of fluids on the pathophysiology of secondary brain injuries in these patients. In this narrative review, current evidence on routine fluid management of critically ill brain-injured patients and use of haemodynamic monitoring is summarized. Pertinent guidelines and consensus statements on fluid management for brain-injured patients are highlighted. In general, existing guidelines indicate that fluid management in these neurocritical care patients should be targeted at euvolemia using isotonic fluids. A critical appraisal is made of the available literature regarding the appropriate amount of fluids, haemodynamic monitoring and which types of fluids should be administered or avoided and a practical approach to fluid management is elaborated. Although hypovolemia is bound to contribute to secondary brain injury, some more recent data have emerged indicating the potential risks of fluid overload. However, it is acknowledged that many factors govern the relationship between fluid management and cerebral blood flow and oxygenation and more research seems warranted to optimise fluid management and improve outcomes.
Diffraction field of a low frequency vibrator in soft tissues using transient elastography

For the last 10 years, interest has grown in low frequency shear waves that propagate in the human body. However, the generation of shear waves by acoustic vibrators is a relatively complex problem, and the directivity patterns of shear waves produced by the usual vibrators are more complicated than those obtained for longitudinal ultrasonic transducers. To extract shear modulus parameters from the shear wave propagation in soft tissues, it is important to understand and to optimize the directivity pattern of shear wave vibrators. This paper is devoted to a careful study of the theoretical and the experimental directivity pattern produced by a point source in soft tissues. Both theoretical and experimental measurements show that the directivity pattern of a point source vibrator presents two very strong lobes for an angle around 35/spl deg/. This paper also points out the impact of the near field in the problem of shear wave generation.
Data concerning the effect of plyometric training on jump performance in soccer players: A meta-analysis

Plyometric training (PT) enhances soccer performance, particularly vertical jump. However, the effectiveness of PT depends on various factors. A systematic search of the research literature was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying the effects of PT on countermovement jump (CMJ) height in soccer players. Ten studies were obtained through manual and electronic journal searches (up to April 2017). Significant differences were observed when compared: (1) PT group vs. control group (ES=0.85; 95% CI 0.47-1.23; I2=68.71%; p<0.001), (2) male vs. female soccer players (Q=4.52; p=0.033), (3) amateur vs. high-level players (Q=6.56; p=0.010), (4) single session volume (<120 jumps vs. ≥120 jumps; Q=6.12, p=0.013), (5) rest between repetitions (5 s vs. 10 s vs. 15 s vs. 30 s; Q=19.10, p<0.001), (6) rest between sets (30 s vs. 60 s vs. 90 s vs. 120 s vs. 240 s; Q=19.83, p=0.001) and (7) and overall training volume (low: <1600 jumps vs. high: ≥1600 jumps; Q=5.08, p=0.024). PT is an effective form of training to improve vertical jump performance (i.e., CMJ) in soccer players. The benefits of PT on CMJ performance are greater for interventions of longer rest interval between repetitions (30 s) and sets (240 s) with higher volume of more than 120 jumps per session and 1600 jumps in total. Gender and competitive level differences should be considered when planning PT programs in soccer players.
TTS synthesis with bidirectional LSTM based recurrent neural networks

Feed-forward, Deep neural networks (DNN)-based text-tospeech (TTS) systems have been recently shown to outperform decision-tree clustered context-dependent HMM TTS systems [1, 4]. However, the long time span contextual effect in a speech utterance is still not easy to accommodate, due to the intrinsic, feed-forward nature in DNN-based modeling. Also, to synthesize a smooth speech trajectory, the dynamic features are commonly used to constrain speech parameter trajectory generation in HMM-based TTS . In this paper, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BLSTM) cells are adopted to capture the correlation or co-occurrence information between any two instants in a speech utterance for parametric TTS synthesis. Experimental results show that a hybrid system of DNN and BLSTM-RNN, i.e., lower hidden layers with a feed-forward structure which is cascaded with upper hidden layers with a bidirectional RNN structure of LSTM, can outperform either the conventional, decision tree-based HMM, or a DNN TTS system, both objectively and subjectively. The speech trajectory generated by the BLSTM-RNN TTS is fairly smooth and no dynamic constraints are needed.
UWB at SemEval-2016 Task 5: Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis

This paper describes our system used in the Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) task of SemEval 2016. Our system uses Maximum Entropy classifier for the aspect category detection and for the sentiment polarity task. Conditional Random Fields (CRF) are used for opinion target extraction. We achieve state-of-the-art results in 9 experiments among the constrained systems and in 2 experiments among the unconstrained systems.
60 GHz on-chip patch antenna integrated in a 0.13-µm CMOS technology

This paper presents a design method of on-chip patch antenna integration in a standard CMOS technology without post processing. A 60 GHz on-chip patch antenna is designed utilizing the top metal layer and an intermediate metal layer as the patch and ground plane, respectively. Interference between the patch and digital baseband circuits located beneath the ground plane is analyzed. The 60 GHz on-chip antenna occupies an area of 1220 µm by 1580 µm with carefully placed fillers and slots to meet the design rules of the CMOS process. The antenna is centered at 60.51 GHz with 810 MHz bandwidth. The peak gain and radiation efficiency are −3.32 dBi and 15.87%, respectively. Analysis for mutual signal coupling between the antenna and the clock H-tree beneath the ground plane is reported, showing a −61 dB coupling from the antenna to the H-tree and a −95 dB coupling of 2 GHz clock signal from the H-tree to the antenna.
Orientation Robust Text Line Detection in Natural Images

In this paper, higher-order correlation clustering (HOCC) is used for text line detection in natural images. We treat text line detection as a graph partitioning problem, where each vertex is represented by a Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER). First, weak hypothesises are proposed by coarsely grouping MSERs based on their spatial alignment and appearance consistency. Then, higher-order correlation clustering (HOCC) is used to partition the MSERs into text line candidates, using the hypotheses as soft constraints to enforce long range interactions. We further propose a regularization method to solve the Semidefinite Programming problem in the inference. Finally we use a simple texton-based texture classifier to filter out the non-text areas. This framework allows us to naturally handle multiple orientations, languages and fonts. Experiments show that our approach achieves competitive performance compared to the state of the art.
Intrusion Detection System ( IDS ) : Case Study

Intruders computers, who are spread across the Internet have become a major threat in our world, The researchers proposed a number of techniques such as (firewall, encryption) to prevent such penetration and protect the infrastructure of computers, but with this, the intruders managed to penetrate the computers. IDS has taken much of the attention of researchers, IDS monitors the resources computer and sends reports on the activities of any anomaly or strange patterns. The aim of this paper is to explain the stages of the evolution of the idea of IDS and its importance to researchers and research centres, security, military and to examine the importance of intrusion detection systems and categories , classifications, and where can put IDS to reduce the risk to the network.
Preventing Privilege Escalation

Many operating system services require special privilege to execute their tasks. A programming error in a privileged service opens the door to system compromise in the form of unauthorized acquisition of privileges. In the worst case, a remote attacker may obtain superuser privileges. In this paper, we discuss the methodology and design of privilege separation, a generic approach that lets parts of an application run with different levels of privilege. Programming errors occurring in the unprivileged parts can no longer be abused to gain unauthorized privileges. Privilege separation is orthogonal to capability systems or application confinement and enhances the security of such systems even further. Privilege separation is especially useful for system services that authenticate users. These services execute privileged operations depending on internal state not known to an application confinement mechanism. As a concrete example, the concept of privilege separation has been implemented in OpenSSH. However, privilege separation is equally useful for other authenticating services. We illustrate how separation of privileges reduces the amount of OpenSSH code that is executed with special privilege. Privilege separation prevents known security vulnerabilities in prior OpenSSH versions including some that were unknown at the time of its implementation.
Analysing a cycling grand tour: Can we monitor fatigue with intensity or load ratios?

This study evaluated the changes in ratios of different intensity (rating of perceived exertion; RPE, heart rate; HR, power output; PO) and load measures (session-RPE; sRPE, individualized TRIMP; iTRIMP, Training Stress Score™; TSS) in professional cyclists. RPE, PO and HR data was collected from twelve professional cyclists (VO2max 75 ± 6 ml∙min∙kg-1) during a two-week baseline training period and during two cycling Grand Tours. Subjective:objective intensity (RPE:HR, RPE:PO) and load (sRPE:iTRIMP, sRPE:TSS) ratios and external:internal intensity (PO:HR) and load (TSS:iTRIMP) ratios were calculated for every session. Moderate to large increases in the RPE:HR, RPE:PO and sRPE:TSS ratios (d = 0.79-1.79) and small increases in the PO:HR and sRPE:iTRIMP ratio (d = 0.21-0.41) were observed during Grand Tours compared to baseline training data. Differences in the TSS:iTRIMP ratio were trivial to small (d = 0.03-0.27). Small to moderate week-to-week changes (d = 0.21-0.63) in the PO:HR, HR, TSS:iTRIMP, sRPE:iTRIMP and sRPE:TSS were observed during the Grand Tour. Concluding, this study shows the value of using ratios of intensity and load measures in monitoring cyclists. Increases in ratios could reflect progressive fatigue that is not readily detected by changes in solitary intensity/load measures.
The PH-tree: a space-efficient storage structure and multi-dimensional index

We propose the PATRICIA-hypercube-tree, or PH-tree, a multi-dimensional data storage and indexing structure. It is based on binary PATRICIA-tries combined with hypercubes for efficient data access. Space efficiency is achieved by combining prefix sharing with a space optimised implementation. This leads to storage space requirements that are comparable or below storage of the same data in non-index structures such as arrays of objects. The storage structure also serves as a multi-dimensional index on all dimensions of the stored data. This enables efficient access to stored data via point and range queries. We explain the concept of the PH-tree and demonstrate the performance of a sample implementation on various datasets and compare it to other spatial indices such as the kD-tree. The experiments show that for larger datasets beyond 10^7 entries, the PH-tree increasingly and consistently outperforms other structures in terms of space efficiency, query performance and update performance.
Human-Computer Co-Creativity: Blending Human and Computational Creativity

This paper describes a thesis exploring how computer programs can collaborate as equals in the artistic creative process. The proposed system, CoCo Sketch, encodes some rudimentary stylistic rules of abstract sketching and music theory to contribute supplemental lines and music while the user sketches. We describe a three-part research method that includes defining rudimentary stylistic rules for abstract line drawing, exploring the interaction design for artistic improvisation with a computer, and evaluating how CoCo Sketch affects the artistic creative process. We report on the initial results of early investigations into artistic style that describe cognitive, perceptual, and behavioral processes used in abstract artists making.
Graphene-ferroelectric hybrid structure for flexible transparent electrodes.

Graphene has exceptional optical, mechanical, and electrical properties, making it an emerging material for novel optoelectronics, photonics, and flexible transparent electrode applications. However, the relatively high sheet resistance of graphene is a major constraint for many of these applications. Here we propose a new approach to achieve low sheet resistance in large-scale CVD monolayer graphene using nonvolatile ferroelectric polymer gating. In this hybrid structure, large-scale graphene is heavily doped up to 3 × 10(13) cm(-2) by nonvolatile ferroelectric dipoles, yielding a low sheet resistance of 120 Ω/□ at ambient conditions. The graphene-ferroelectric transparent conductors (GFeTCs) exhibit more than 95% transmittance from the visible to the near-infrared range owing to the highly transparent nature of the ferroelectric polymer. Together with its excellent mechanical flexibility, chemical inertness, and the simple fabrication process of ferroelectric polymers, the proposed GFeTCs represent a new route toward large-scale graphene-based transparent electrodes and optoelectronics.
Image aesthetic assessment via deep semantic aggregation

Aesthetic quality estimation of an image is a challenging task. In this paper, we introduce a deep CNN approach to tackle this problem. We adopt the sate-of-the-art object-recognition CNN as our baseline model, and adapt it for handling several high-level attributes. The networks capable of dealing with these high-level concepts are then fused by a learned logical connector for predicting the aesthetic rating. Results on the standard benchmark shows the effectiveness of our approach.
Evaluating face trustworthiness: a model based approach.

Judgments of trustworthiness from faces determine basic approach/avoidance responses and approximate the valence evaluation of faces that runs across multiple person judgments. Here, based on trustworthiness judgments and using a computer model for face representation, we built a model for representing face trustworthiness (study 1). Using this model, we generated novel faces with an increased range of trustworthiness and used these faces as stimuli in a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging study (study 2). Although participants did not engage in explicit evaluation of the faces, the amygdala response changed as a function of face trustworthiness. An area in the right amygdala showed a negative linear response-as the untrustworthiness of faces increased so did the amygdala response. Areas in the left and right putamen, the latter area extended into the anterior insula, showed a similar negative linear response. The response in the left amygdala was quadratic--strongest for faces on both extremes of the trustworthiness dimension. The medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus also showed a quadratic response, but their response was strongest to faces in the middle range of the trustworthiness dimension.
A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance

An objective of a warm-up prior to an athletic event is to optimize performance. Warm-ups are typically composed of a submaximal aerobic activity, stretching and a sport-specific activity. The stretching portion traditionally incorporated static stretching. However, there are a myriad of studies demonstrating static stretch-induced performance impairments. More recently, there are a substantial number of articles with no detrimental effects associated with prior static stretching. The lack of impairment may be related to a number of factors. These include static stretching that is of short duration (<90 s total) with a stretch intensity less than the point of discomfort. Other factors include the type of performance test measured and implemented on an elite athletic or trained middle aged population. Static stretching may actually provide benefits in some cases such as slower velocity eccentric contractions, and contractions of a more prolonged duration or stretch-shortening cycle. Dynamic stretching has been shown to either have no effect or may augment subsequent performance, especially if the duration of the dynamic stretching is prolonged. Static stretching used in a separate training session can provide health related range of motion benefits. Generally, a warm-up to minimize impairments and enhance performance should be composed of a submaximal intensity aerobic activity followed by large amplitude dynamic stretching and then completed with sport-specific dynamic activities. Sports that necessitate a high degree of static flexibility should use short duration static stretches with lower intensity stretches in a trained population to minimize the possibilities of impairments.
Performance of UHF W-BAN antennas in a real environment scenario

This work presents performance of robust wearable antennas intended to operate in Wireless Body Area Networks (W-BAN) in UHF, TETRAPOL communication band, 380-400 MHz. We propose a Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) as reliable antenna type for UHF W-BAN applications. In order to satisfy the robustness requirements of the UHF band, both from communication and mechanical aspect, a new technology for building these antennas was proposed. The antennas are built out of flexible conductive sheets encapsulated inside a silicone based elastomer, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The proposed antennas are resistive to washing, bending and perforating. From the communication point of view, opting for a PIFA antenna type we solve the problem of coupling to the wearer and thus improve the overall communication performance of the antenna. Several different tests and comparisons were performed in order to check the stability of the proposed antennas when they are placed on the wearer or left in a common everyday environ- ment, on the ground, table etc. S11 deviations are observed and compared with the commercially available wearable antennas. As a final check, the antennas were tested in the frame of an existing UHF TETRAPOL communication system. All the measurements were performed in a real university campus scenario, showing reliable and good performance of the proposed PIFA antennas.
Five new species of the obligate mycoparasite Syncephalis (Zoopagales, Zoopagomycotina) from soil.

More than 520 soil samples were surveyed for species of the mycoparasitic zygomycete genus Syncephalis using a culture-based approach. These fungi are relatively common in soil using the optimal conditions for growing both the host and parasite. Five species obtained in dual culture are unknown to science and are described here: (i) S. digitata with sporangiophores short, merosporangia separate at the apices, simple, 3-5 spored; (ii) S. floridana, which forms galls in the host and has sporangiophores up to 170 µm long with unbranched merosporangia that contain 2-4 spores; (iii) S. pseudoplumigaleta, with an abrupt apical bend in the sporophore; (iv) S. pyriformis with fertile vesicles that are long-pyriform; and (v) S. unispora with unispored merosporangia. To facilitate future molecular comparisons between species of Syncephalis and to allow identification of these fungi from environmental sampling datasets, we used Syncephalis-specific PCR primers to generate internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences for all five new species.
A Novel Design Methodology for High-Efficiency Current-Mode and Voltage-Mode Class-E Power Amplifiers in Wireless Power Transfer systems

The high-efficiency current-mode (CM) and voltage-mode (VM) Class-E power amplifiers (PAs) for MHz wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are first proposed in this paper and the design methodology for them is presented. The CM/VM Class-E PA is able to deliver the increasing/decreasing power with the increasing load and the efficiency maintains high even when the load varies in a wide range. The high efficiency and certain operation mode are realized by introducing an impedance transformation network with fixed components. The efficiency, output power, circuit tolerance, and robustness are all taken into consideration in the design procedure, which makes the CM and the VM Class-E PAs especially practical and efficient to real WPT systems. 6.78-MHz WPT systems with the CM and the VM Class-E PAs are fabricated and compared to that with the classical Class-E PA. The measurement results show that the output power is proportional to the load for the CM Class-E PA and is inversely proportional to the load for the VM Class-E PA. The efficiency for them maintains high, over 83%, when the load of PA varies from 10 to 100  $\Omega$, while the efficiency of the classical Class-E is about 60% in the worst case. The experiment results validate the feasibility of the proposed design methodology and show that the CM and the VM Class-E PAs present superior performance in WPT systems compared to the traditional Class-E PA.