nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A High-Performance Hierarchical Ring On-Chip Interconnect with Low-Cost Routers

Energy consumption of routers in commonly used mesh-based on-chip networks for chip multiprocessors is an increasingly important concern: these routers consist of a crossbar and complex control logic and can require significant buffers, hence high energy and area consumption. In contrast, an alternative design uses ring-based networks to connect network nodes with small and simple routers. Rings have been used in recent commercial designs, and are well-suited to smaller core counts. However, rings do not scale as efficiently as meshes. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient yet high performance alternative to traditional mesh-based and ringbased on-chip networks. We aim to attain the scalability of meshes with the router simplicity and efficiency of rings. Our design is a hierarchical ring topology which consists of small local rings connected via one or more global ring. Routing between rings is accomplished using bridge routers that have minimal buffering, and use deflection in place of buffered flow control for simplicity. We comprehensively explore new issues in the design of such a topology, including the design of the routers, livelock freedom, energy, performance and scalability. We propose new router microarchitectures and show that these routers are significantly simpler and more area and energy efficient than both buffered and bufferless mesh based routers. We develop new mechanisms to preserve livelock-free routing in our topology and router design. Our evaluations compare our proposal to a traditional ring network and conventional buffered and bufferless mesh based networks, showing that our proposal reduces average network power by 52.4% (30.4%) and router area footprint by 70.5% from a buffered mesh in 16-node (64-node) configurations, while also improving system performance by 0.6% (5.0%).
Canine Pyometra: An Update on Pathogenesis and Treatment

Despite six decades of research, the pathogenesis of pyometra is still not completely understood. Recent investigations question whether the previous concept of considering cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)–pyometra as a complex is correct. The pathogenesis of CEH appears to have a strong hormonal component, whereas the etiology of pyometra might be more influenced by the bacterial component. However, CEH may predispose bitches to develop pyometra. Critically ill pyometra patients should be monitored for clinical criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Closed-suction abdominal drains and a different administration route for prostaglandin F2α are promising enhancements in the treatment of pyometra. Canine pyometra is a disease syndrome that affects adult intact bitches, causing a variety of clinical and pathologic signs of genital and systemic disease. The pathogenesis of canine pyometra is not completely understood, despite decades of studies concerning the etiology of the disease. The concept of cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)–pyometra, introduced by Dow, states that hormonal changes lead to CEH (Figure 1) and render the uterus susceptible to secondary infection, which leads to pyometra . Recently, it has been suggested that the classic CEH–pyometra complex description should be separated into two entities: CEH and pyometra. CEH may predispose for pyometra in some cases, but pyometra can also occur without CEH. Mounting evidence suggests that the development of pyometra is an entity separate from CEH, with a hormonal component in the pathogenesis but mainly triggered by bacterial infection. THE HORMONAL COMPONENT The investigated factors of pathogenesis in CEH and pyometra are summarized in Figure 3. n Canine pyometra is not always secondary to cystic endometrial hyperplasia, and the two disorders might have different
Temporal Answer Set Programming on Finite Traces

In this paper, we introduce an alternative approach to Temporal Answer Set Programming that relies on a variation of Temporal Equilibrium Logic (TEL) for finite traces. This approach allows us to even out the expressiveness of TEL over infinite traces with the computational capacity of (incremental) Answer Set Programming (ASP). Also, we argue that finite traces are more natural when reasoning about action and change. As a result, our approach is readily implementable via multi-shot ASP systems and benefits from an extension of ASP’s full-fledged input language with temporal operators. This includes future as well as past operators whose combination offers a rich temporal modeling language. For computation, we identify the class of temporal logic programs and prove that it constitutes a normal form for our approach. Finally, we outline two implementations, a generic one and an extension of the ASP system clingo. Under consideration for publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)
Development of an Ion-Pairing Reagent and HPLC-UV Method for the Detection and Quantification of Six Water-Soluble Vitamins in Animal Feed

A novel and simple method for detecting six water-soluble vitamins in animal feed using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector (HPLC/PDA) and ion-pairing reagent was developed. The chromatographic peaks of the six water-soluble vitamins were successfully identified by comparing their retention times and UV spectra with reference standards. The mobile phase was composed of buffers A (5 mM PICB-6 in 0.1% CH3COOH) and B (5 mM PICB-6 in 65% methanol). All peaks were detected using a wavelength of 270 nm. Method validation was performed in terms of linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision. The limits of detection (LODs) for the instrument employed in these experiments ranged from 25 to 197 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 84 to 658 μg/kg. Average recoveries of the six water-soluble vitamins ranged from 82.3% to 98.9%. Method replication resulted in intraday and interday peak area variation of <5.6%. The developed method was specific and reliable and is therefore suitable for the routine analysis of water-soluble vitamins in animal feed.
MORINGA SEED AND PUMICE AS ALTERNATIVE NATURAL MATERIALS FOR DRINKING WATER TREATMENT

Pumice and the Moringa oleifera (MO) seed were investigated as alternative natural materials for drinking water treatment based on problems identified at the Stretta Vaudetto water treatment plant in Eritrea. Lab and pilot scale studies showed that pumice was a suitable alternative material for dual media filtration. Conversion of the sand filters at Stretta Vaudetto to pumice-sand media would significantly improve performance of the filtration units. The coagulant protein from the MO seed was purified in a single-step ion exchange purification method. The parameters for batch purification were optimized that can be readily scaled up. This will promote its use in water treatment. A small volume coagulation assay method was developed that simplified and expedited the coagulation activity experiments. MO coagulant protein (MOCP) possessed considerable coagulation and sludge conditioning properties as alum. It also showed antimicrobial effects against bacteria, some of which are antibiotic resistant. The coagulation and antimicrobial properties of MOCP render it important in water treatment.
Wideband Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna With Switchable Broadside and Conical Beams

A wideband, pattern-reconfigurable antenna is reported that is, for example, a good candidate for ceiling-mounted indoor wireless systems. Switchable linearly polarized broadside and conical radiation patterns are achieved by systematically integrating a wideband low-profile monopolar patch antenna with a wideband L-probe fed patch antenna. The monopolar patch acts as the ground for the L-probe fed patch, which is fed with a coaxial cable that replaces one shorting via of the monopolar patch to avoid deterioration of the conical-beam pattern. A simple switching feed network facilitates the pattern reconfigurability. A prototype was fabricated and tested. The measured results confirm the predicted wideband radiation performance. The operational impedance bandwidth, i.e., |S 11| ≤  −10 dB, is obtained as the overlap of the bands associated with both pattern modalities. It is wide, from 2.25 to 2.85 GHz (23.5%). Switchable broadside and conical radiation patterns are observed across this entire operating bandwidth. The peak measured gain was 8.2 dBi for the broadside mode and 6.9 dBi for the conical mode. The overall profile of this antenna is 0.13λ 0 at its lowest operating frequency.
In the eye of the beholder: views of psychological well-being among middle-aged and older adults.

Although the topic of psychological well-being has generated considerable research, few studies have investigated how adults themselves define positive functioning. To probe their conceptions of well-being, interviews were conducted with a community sample of 171 middle-aged (M = 52.5 years, SD = 8.7) and older (M = 73.5 years, SD = 6.1) men and women. Questions pertained to general life evaluations, past life experiences, conceptions of well-being, and views of the aging process. Responses indicated that both age groups and sexes emphasized an "others orientation" (being a caring, compassionate person, and having good relationships) in defining well-being. Middle-aged respondents stressed self-confidence, self-acceptance, and self-knowledge, whereas older persons cited accepting change as an important quality of positive functioning. In addition to attention to positive relations with others as an index of well-being, lay views pointed to a sense of humor, enjoying life, and accepting change as criteria of successful aging.
Challenges in Model-Driven Software Engineering

After more than a decade of research in Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), the state-of-the-art and the state-of-the-practice in MDE has significantly progressed. Therefore, during this workshop we raised the question of how to proceed next, and we identified a number of future challenges in the field of MDE. The objective of the workshop was to provide a forum for discussing the future of MDE research and practice. Seven presenters shared their vision on the future challenges in the field of MDE. Four breakout groups discussed scalability, consistency and co-evolution, formal foundations, and industrial adoption, respectively. These themes were identified as major categories of challenges by the participants. This report summarises the different presentations, the MDE challenges identified by the workshop participants, and the discussions of the breakout groups.
ECCN: an extended CCN architecture to improve data access in vehicular content-centric network

Content-centric network (CCN) has been considered for VANETs, due to its scalability, flexibility and security. In this paper, an extended CCN architecture is proposed to reduce critical data access time in vehicular content centric networks by storing them in the number of vehicles around the source. The critical data include sensitive data such as accidents, traffic that require quick and reliable access. The aim is to reduce access time for this type of data in the discovery phase. Each vehicle stores or updates critical data in cooperation with other vehicles in the preparation phase. During the preparation phase, the critical data spread around the source by a combination of physical movement and radio propagation. This gives the requesting vehicle a better chance to find the data in a few hops, with minimal network overhead and lower delay, during the discovery phase. The efficiency of this architecture is evaluated by simulation and shown that interest packet delay and number of duplicated data packets are generally lower than the existing methods.
Approximate dissections

A geometric dissection is a set of pieces which can be assembled in different ways to form distinct shapes. Dissections are used as recreational puzzles because it is striking when a single set of pieces can construct highly different forms. Existing techniques for creating dissections find pieces that reconstruct two input shapes exactly. Unfortunately, these methods only support simple, abstract shapes because an excessive number of pieces may be needed to reconstruct more complex, naturalistic shapes. We introduce a dissection design technique that supports such shapes by requiring that the pieces reconstruct the shapes only approximately. We find that, in most cases, a small number of pieces suffices to tightly approximate the input shapes. We frame the search for a viable dissection as a combinatorial optimization problem, where the goal is to search for the best approximation to the input shapes using a given number of pieces. We find a lower bound on the tightness of the approximation for a partial dissection solution, which allows us to prune the search space and makes the problem tractable. We demonstrate our approach on several challenging examples, showing that it can create dissections between shapes of significantly greater complexity than those supported by previous techniques.
Consensus conference on core radiological parameters to describe lumbar stenosis - an initiative for structured reporting

To define radiological criteria and parameters as a minimum standard in a structured radiological report for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and to identify criteria and parameters for research purposes. All available radiological criteria and parameters for LSS were identified using systematic literature reviews and a Delphi survey. We invited to the consensus meeting, and provided data, to 15 internationally renowned experts from different countries. During the meeting, these experts reached consensus in a structured and systematic discussion about a core list of radiological criteria and parameters for standard reporting. We identified a total of 27 radiological criteria and parameters for LSS. During the meeting, the experts identified five of these as core items for a structured report. For central stenosis, these were “compromise of the central zone” and “relation between fluid and cauda equina”. For lateral stenosis, the group agreed that “nerve root compression in the lateral recess” was a core item. For foraminal stenosis, we included “nerve root impingement” and “compromise of the foraminal zone”. As a minimum standard, five radiological criteria should be used in a structured radiological report in LSS. Other parameters are well suited for research. • The five most important radiological criteria for standard clinical reporting were selected • The five most important quantitative radiological parameters for research purposes were selected • These core criteria could help standardize the communication between health care providers
Dual strip weaving: interactive design of quad layouts using elastica strips

We introduce Dual Strip Weaving, a novel concept for the interactive design of quad layouts, i.e. partitionings of freeform surfaces into quadrilateral patch networks. In contrast to established tools for the design of quad layouts or subdivision base meshes, which are often based on creating individual vertices, edges, and quads, our method takes a more global perspective, operating on a higher level of abstraction: the atomic operation of our method is the creation of an entire cyclic strip, delineating a large number of quad patches at once. The global consistency-preserving nature of this approach reduces demands on the user's expertise by requiring less advance planning. Efficiency is achieved using a novel method at the heart of our system, which automatically proposes geometrically and topologically suitable strips to the user. Based on this we provide interaction tools to influence the design process to any desired degree and visual guides to support the user in this task.
MONITORING OF TOXIC METALS ( CADMIUM , LEAD , ARSENIC AND MERCURY ) IN VEGETABLES OF SINDH , PAKISTAN

A monitoring study was carried out with the aim to assess the level of toxic metals i.e., lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in different vegetables grown in Sindh province of Pakistan during 2007-2008. Two hundred ten samples of twenty one vegetables were collected from farmers’ field of Sindh and exporters at Karachi. These samples were grouped into four categories viz., leafy, root and tuberous, cucurbits and fruity. The samples in duplicate were digested with nitric and perchloric acid mixture with 3:1 ratio. Cadmium and Pb were analyzed with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and As and Hg on Atomic Absorption using Vapor and Hydride Generation Assembly. Average concentration of Cd, Pb, As and Hg in leafy vegetables was found 0.083 μgg -1 , 0.05 μgg -1 , 0.042 μgg -1 and 0.008 μgg -1 respectively, in roots and tuberous vegetables was 0.057 μgg -1 , 0.03 μgg -1 , 0.045 μgg -1 & 0.004 μgg -1 respectively, in cucurbit vegetables was 0.021 μgg -1 , 0.051 μgg -1 , 0.056 μgg -1 and 0.0089 μgg -1 respectively and in fruity vegetables was 0.035 μgg -1 , 0.067 μgg -1 , 0.054 μgg -1 and 0.007 μgg -1 respectively. In leafy vegetables, the concentration of cadmium, lead and mercury were found comparatively higher than other three groups of vegetables. However, concentration of heavy metals found in the samples of all four categories of vegetables, was within the permissible limits and safe to consume.
Compliance and Resistance in Iraq under Saddam Hussein : Evidence from the Files of the Ba ‘ th Party

What explains patterns of compliance with and resistance to autocratic rule? This paper provides a theoretical framework for understanding how individuals living under dictatorship calibrate their political behaviors. I argue that the types of non-compliance observed in autocratic contexts differ depending on the intensity of expected punishment and the extent to which sanctions are directed at individuals, families or larger communities. Using data from documents captured by US forces during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, I use unanticipated political shocks to examine over-time discontinuities in citizen behavior in Iraq under Saddam Hussein during two distinct periods — before and after the First Gulf War and the associated Kurdish and Shi‘a anti-regime uprisings. Prior to 1991 and the establishment of a Kurdish autonomous zone in northern Iraq, severe repression and widespread use of collective punishment created the conditions for Iraqi Kurds to engage in a widespread anti-regime rebellion. Before 1991, Shi‘a Iraqis were able to express limited forms of political discontent; after 1991, however, Shi‘a were forced to publicly signal compliance while shifting to more private forms of anti-regime activity. While Iraqis living in and around Saddam Hussein’s hometown of Tikrit almost universally self-identified as Ba‘thists and enjoyed privileges as a result of close ties to the regime, Sunnis living in areas distant from Tikrit became increasingly estranged from the regime as international sanctions closed off economic opportunities. ∗Many thanks to the staff at the Library and Archives of the Hoover Institution and the W. Glenn Campbell and Rita Ricardo-Campbell National Fellows Program at the Hoover Institution.
Pyrophosphate inhibits mineralization of osteoblast cultures by binding to mineral, up-regulating osteopontin, and inhibiting alkaline phosphatase activity.

Inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)) produced by cells inhibits mineralization by binding to crystals. Its ubiquitous presence is thought to prevent "soft" tissues from mineralizing, whereas its degradation to P(i) in bones and teeth by tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (Tnap, Tnsalp, Alpl, Akp2) may facilitate crystal growth. Whereas the crystal binding properties of PP(i) are largely understood, less is known about its effects on osteoblast activity. We have used MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultures to investigate the effect of PP(i) on osteoblast function and matrix mineralization. Mineralization in the cultures was dose-dependently inhibited by PP(i). This inhibition could be reversed by Tnap, but not if PP(i) was bound to mineral. PP(i) also led to increased levels of osteopontin (Opn) induced via the Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Opn regulation by PP(i) was also insensitive to foscarnet (an inhibitor of phosphate uptake) and levamisole (an inhibitor of Tnap enzymatic activity), suggesting that increased Opn levels did not result from changes in phosphate. Exogenous OPN inhibited mineralization, but dephosphorylation by Tnap reversed this effect, suggesting that OPN inhibits mineralization via its negatively charged phosphate residues and that like PP(i), hydrolysis by Tnap reduces its mineral inhibiting potency. Using enzyme kinetic studies, we have shown that PP(i) inhibits Tnap-mediated P(i) release from beta-glycerophosphate (a commonly used source of organic phosphate for culture mineralization studies) through a mixed type of inhibition. In summary, PP(i) prevents mineralization in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultures by at least three different mechanisms that include direct binding to growing crystals, induction of Opn expression, and inhibition of Tnap activity.
Wi-chase: A WiFi based human activity recognition system for sensorless environments

An extensive set of research efforts have explored Channel State Information for human activity detection. By extracting CSI from a sequence of packets, one can statistically analyze the temporal variations embedded therein and recognize corresponding human activities. In this paper, we present Wi-Chase, a sensorless system based on CSI from ubiquitous WiFi packets for human activity detection. Different from existing schemes utilizing only CSI of one or a small subset of subcarriers, Wi-Chase fully utilizes all available subcarriers of the WiFi signal and incorporates variations in both their phases and magnitudes. As each subcarrier carries integral information that will improve the recognition accuracy because of detailed correlated information content in different subcarriers, we can achieve much higher detection accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first system that gathers information from all the subcarriers to identify and classify multiple activities. Our experimental results show that Wi-Chase is robust and achieves an average classification accuracy greater than 97% for multiple communication links.