nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
IJ-OpenCV: Combining ImageJ and OpenCV for processing images in biomedicine

The effective processing of biomedical images usually requires the interoperability of diverse software tools that have different aims but are complementary. The goal of this work is to develop a bridge to connect two of those tools: ImageJ, a program for image analysis in life sciences, and OpenCV, a computer vision and machine learning library.



Based on a thorough analysis of ImageJ and OpenCV, we detected the features of these systems that could be enhanced, and developed a library to combine both tools, taking advantage of the strengths of each system. The library was implemented on top of the SciJava converter framework. We also provide a methodology to use this library.



We have developed the publicly available library IJ-OpenCV that can be employed to create applications combining features from both ImageJ and OpenCV. From the perspective of ImageJ developers, they can use IJ-OpenCV to easily create plugins that use any functionality provided by the OpenCV library and explore different alternatives. From the perspective of OpenCV developers, this library provides a link to the ImageJ graphical user interface and all its features to handle regions of interest.



The IJ-OpenCV library bridges the gap between ImageJ and OpenCV, allowing the connection and the cooperation of these two systems.
A simple probabilistic deep generative model for learning generalizable disentangled representations from grouped data

The disentangling problem is to discover multiple complex factors of variations hidden in data. One recent approach is to take a dataset with grouping structure and separately estimate a factor common within a group (content) and a factor specific to each group member (transformation). Notably, this approach can learn to represent a continuous space of contents, which allows for generalization to data with unseen contents. In this study, we aim at cultivating this approach within probabilistic deep generative models. Motivated by technical complication in existing groupbased methods, we propose a simpler probabilistic method, called group-contrastive variational autoencoders. Despite its simplicity, our approach achieves reasonable disentanglement with generalizability for three grouped datasets of 3D object images. In comparison with a previous model, although conventional qualitative evaluation shows little difference, our qualitative evaluation using few-shot classification exhibits superior performances for some datasets. We analyze the content representations from different methods and discuss their transformation-dependency and potential performance impacts.
Six years of experience in entomological surveillance of indoor residual spraying against malaria transmission in Benin: lessons learned, challenges and outlooks

From 2008 to 2013, a prevention intervention against malaria based on indoor residual spraying (IRS) was implemented in Benin. From 2008 to 2012, Ficam M®, a bendiocarb-containing product was used for house spraying, in association with pirimiphos methyl EC (Actellic EC) in 2013. This operation aimed to strengthen the effectiveness of treated nets so as to expedite the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): the reduction of morbidity and mortality due to malaria by 75 % from 2000 to 2015. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) was implemented in order to evaluate the impact of IRS intervention on malaria transmission. Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations were sampled by human landing catch. In addition, window exit traps and pyrethrum spray catches were performed to assess exophagic behaviour of Anopheles vectors the main malaria vector in the treated areas. The residual activity of insecticide in the treated walls was also assessed using WHO bioassay test. The purpose of this project was to draw attention to new challenges and future prospects for the success of IRS in Benin. The main strength of the intervention was a large-scale operation in which more than 80 % of the houses were treated due to the strong adhesion of population. In addition, a significant reduction of the EIR in areas under IRS were observed. However, there were many challenges including the high cost of IRS implementation and the identification of suitable areas to implement IRS. This was because of the low and short residual effect of the insecticides recommended for IRS and the management strategy for vector resistance to insecticides. This indicated that challenges are accompanied by suggested solutions. For the cost of IRS to be accessible to states, then local organizations need to be created in partnership with the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) in order to ensure relevant planning and implementation of IRS. As an anticipatory measure against vector resistance, this paper proposes various methods, such as periodic IRS based on a combination of two or three insecticides of different classes used in rotation every two or three years.
Understanding the impact change of a highly cited article: a content-based citation analysis

Researchers tend to cite highly cited articles, but how these highly cited articles influence the citing articles has been underexplored. This paper investigates how one highly cited essay, Hirsch’s “h-index” article (H-article) published in 2005, has been cited by other articles. Content-based citation analysis is applied to trace the dynamics of the article’s impact changes from 2006 to 2014. The findings confirm that citation context captures the changing impact of the H-article over time in several ways. In the first two years, average citation mention of H-article increased, yet continued to decline with fluctuation until 2014. In contrast with citation mention, average citation count stayed the same. The distribution of citation location over time also indicates three phases of the H-article “Discussion,” “Reputation,” and “Adoption” we propose in this study. Based on their locations in the citing articles and their roles in different periods, topics of citation context shifted gradually when an increasing number of other articles were co-mentioned with the H-article in the same sentences. These outcomes show that the impact of the H-article manifests in various ways within the content of these citing articles that continued to shift in nine years, data that is not captured by traditional means of citation analysis that do not weigh citation impacts over time.
Using Goffman ’ s Frameworks to Explain Presence and Reality

This paper defines presence in terms of frames and involvement . The value of this analysis of presence is demonstrated by applying it to several issues that have been raised about presence: residual awareness of nonmediation, imaginary presence, presence as categorical or continuum, and presence breaks. The paper goes on to explore the relationship between presence and reality. Goffman introduced frames to try to answer the question, “Under what circumstances do we think things real?” Under frame analysis there are three different conditions under which things are considered unreal, these are explained and related to the experience of presence. Frame analysis is used to show why virtual environments are not usually considered to be part of reality, although the virtual spaces of phone interaction are considered real. The analysis also yields practical suggestions for extending presence within virtual environments. presence, frames, virtual environments, mobile phones, Goffman.
Analysis of ISO 26262 Compliant Techniques for the Automotive Domain

The ISO 26262 standard defines functional safety for automotive E/E systems. Since the publication of the first edition of this standard in 2011, many different safety techniques complying to the ISO 26262 have been developed. However, it is not clear which parts and (sub-) phases of the standard are targeted by these techniques and which objectives of the standard are particularly addressed. Therefore, we carried out a gap analysis to identify gaps between the safety standard objectives of the part 3 till 7 and the existing techniques. In this paper the results of the gap analysis are presented such as we identified that there is a lack of mature tool support for the ASIL sub-phase and a need for a common platform for the entire product development cycle.
Acropora muricata mortality associated with extensive growth of Caulerpa racemosa in Magoodhoo Island, Republic of Maldives

Caulerpa racemosa, a common and opportunistic species widely distributed in tropical and warm-temperate regions, is known to form monospecific stands outside its native range (Verlaque et al. 2003). In October 2011, we observed an alteration in benthic community due to a widespread overgrowth of C. racemosa around the inhabited island of Magoodhoo (3 04¢N; 72 57¢E, Republic of Maldives). The algal mats formed a continuous dense meadow  that occupied an area of 95 · 120 m (~11,000 m) previously dominated by the branching coral Acropora muricata. Partial mortality and total mortality  The total area of influence of C. racemosa was, however, much larger (~25,000 m) including smaller coral patches near to the meadow, where mortality in contact with the algae was also observed on colonies of Isopora palifera, Lobophyllia corymbosa, Pavona varians, Pocillopora damicornis, and Porites solida. Although species of the genus Caulerpa are not usually abundant on oligotrophic coral reefs, nutrient enrichment from natural and/or anthropogenic sources is known to promote green algal blooms (Lapointe and Bedford 2009). Considering the current state of regression of many reefs in the Maldives (Lasagna et al. 2010), we report an unusual phenomenon that could possibly become more common.
Chronic Kidney Disease Japan Cohort (CKD-JAC) Study: Design and Methods

The prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Japan are the highest and the third highest, respectively, in the world, while the incidence of cardiac death in Japan is the lowest among developed countries. A recent study showed that the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, is extremely high in Japan, about 20% of the adult population. However, the risk of ESRD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the CKD population has not been determined nationwide. For this observational study, we will establish a Chronic Kidney Disease Japan Cohort (CKD-JAC) by enrolling 3,000 patients with CKD in 17 clinical centers around Japan, which will be used to determine the incidence of ESRD and CVD in Japanese CKD patients. Risk factors associated with the development of CVD will also be examined. Comorbidity of diabetes in CKD patients will be analyzed to determine whether it is a risk for rapid progression of CKD and high incidence of CVD. In addition, we will study whether the burden of CKD decreases the QOL of patients, and increases hospitalization or health resource utilization. Insights from the CKD-JAC study will provide a basis for future interventional trials focused on reducing the burden of ESRD and CVD in patients with CKD in Japan.
Analyzing and Enhancing Dynamic Threshold Policy of Data Center Switches

Today’s data center switches usually employ on-chip shared memory; buffer management policy in them is essential to ensure fair sharing of memory among all ports. Among various polices, Dynamic Threshold  (DT) policy is widely used by switch vendors. Meanwhile, in data centers, distributed applications such as MapReduce often introduce micro-burst traffic into network and the packet dropping caused by micro-burst usually leads to serious performance degradation. When micro-burst traffic arrives at switches, DT is unable to fully utilize the buffer to absorb it. Therefore, in this paper, we theoretically deduce the sufficient conditions for packet dropping caused by micro-burst traffic, and quantitatively estimate the free buffer size when packets are dropped. The results show that the free buffer size can be very large when the number of overloaded ports is small. What’s worse, to ensure fair sharing of memory among output ports, packets from micro-burst traffic may be dropped even when the traffic size is much smaller than the buffer size. In light of these results, we propose the Enhanced Dynamic Threshold (EDT) policy, which can alleviate packet dropping caused by micro-burst traffic through fully utilizing the switch buffer and temporarily relaxing the fairness constraint. The simulation results show that EDT can absorb more micro-burst traffic than DT.
Coverage and rate analysis for non-uniform millimeter-wave heterogeneous cellular network

Millimeter wave (mmWave) is a promising approach for the fifth generation cellular networks. It has a large available bandwidth and high gain antennas, which can offer interference isolation and overcome high frequency-dependent path loss. In this paper, we study the non-uniform heterogeneous mmWave network. Non-uniform heterogeneous networks are more realistic in practical scenarios than traditional independent homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP) models. We derive the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) and rate coverage probabilities for a two-tier non-uniform millimeter-wave heterogeneous cellular network, where the macrocell base stations (MBSs) are deployed as a homogeneous PPP and the picocell base stations (PBSs) are modeled as a Poisson hole process (PHP), dependent on the MBSs. Using tools from stochastic geometry, we derive the analytical results for the SINR and rate coverage probabilities. The simulation results validate the analytical expressions. Furthermore, we find that there exists an optimum density of the PBS that achieves the best coverage probability and the change rule with different radii of the exclusion region. Finally, we show that as expected, mmWave outperforms microWave cellular network in terms of rate coverage probability for this system.
How to hide the elephant- or the donkey- in the room: Practical privacy against statistical inference for large data

We propose a practical methodology to protect a user's private data, when he wishes to publicly release data that is correlated with his private data, in the hope of getting some utility. Our approach relies on a general statistical inference framework that captures the privacy threat under inference attacks, given utility constraints. Under this framework, data is distorted before it is released, according to a privacy-preserving probabilistic mapping. This mapping is obtained by solving a convex optimization problem, which minimizes information leakage under a distortion constraint. We address a practical challenge encountered when applying this theoretical framework to real world data: the optimization may become untractable and face scalability issues when data assumes values in large size alphabets, or is high dimensional. Our work makes two major contributions. We first reduce the optimization size by introducing a quantization step, and show how to generate privacy mappings under quantization. Second, we evaluate our method on a dataset showing correlations between political views and TV viewing habits, and demonstrate that good privacy properties can be achieved with limited distortion so as not to undermine the original purpose of the publicly released data, e.g. recommendations.
Conservative treatment for idiopathic scoliosis.

Definicija Skoliozu definiramo kao trodimenzionalnu deformaciju kralježnice koja uz postranični zavoj u frontalnoj ravnini uključuje rotaciju u transverzalnoj i promjenu profila u sagitalnoj ravnini (1). Naziv potječe od Hipokrata, a rabio ga je i rimski liječnik Galen. Prvo liječenje ortozom izveo je Ambroise Paré u 16. stoljeću (2), a termin idiopatska skolioza (IS) koji se odnosi na sve oboljele kojima nije utvrđena etiologija uveo je Kleinberg 1922. godine (3). Morfološki se skolioze dijele na one s glavnom jednostrukom (češće desnostranom torakalnom) i glavnom dvostrukom (torakolumbalnom) krivinom (slika 1.), ali ima i znatno detaljnijih podjela prema raznim autorima i tipovima liječenja (npr., Lenkeova koja je prikladnija za operativno liječenje, Schrothina, Rigova). Strukturalne su skolioze trodimenzionalne deformacije kralježnice, a nestrukturalne imaju samo postranični zavoj u frontalnoj ravnini (npr., antalgična skolioza kod ishialgije) (4).
A CONTINUITY CORRECTION FOR DISCRETE BARRIER OPTIONS

The payoff of abarrier option depends on whether or not a specified asset price, index, or rate reaches a specified level during the life of the option. Most models for pricing barrier options assume continuous monitoring of the barrier; under this assumption, the option can often be priced in closed form. Many (if not most) real contracts with barrier provisions specify discrete monitoring instants; there are essentially no formulas for pricing these options, and even numerical pricing is difficult. We show, however, that discrete barrier options can be priced with remarkable accuracy using continuous barrier formulas by applying a simple continuity correction to the barrier. The correction shifts the barrier away from the underlying by a factor of exp (βσ √ 1t), whereβ ≈ 0.5826,σ is the underlying volatility, and1t is the time between monitoring instants. The correction is justified both theoretically and experimentally.
Quality of life and sexual health in patients with genital psoriasis.

Knowledge about quality of life and sexual health in patients with genital psoriasis is limited.



We studied quality of life and sexual function in a large group of patients with genital psoriasis by means of validated questionnaires. In addition, we evaluated whether sufficient attention is given by healthcare professionals to sexual problems in patients with psoriasis, as perceived by the patients.



A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 1579 members of the Dutch Psoriasis Association. Sociodemographic patient characteristics, medical data and scores of several validated questionnaires regarding quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index) and sexual health (Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire for use in Men, International Index of Erectile Function, Female Sexual Distress Scale and Female Sexual Function Index) were collected and analysed.



This study (n = 487) shows that psoriasis has a detrimental effect on quality of life and sexual health. Patients with genital lesions reported even significantly worse quality of life than patients without genital lesions (mean ± SD quality of life scores 8·5 ± 6·5 vs. 5·5 ± 4·6, respectively, P < 0·0001). Sexual distress and dysfunction are particularly prominent in women (reported by 37·7% and 48·7% of the female patients, respectively). Sexual distress is especially high when genital skin is affected (mean ± SD sexual distress score in patients with genital lesions 16·1 ± 12·1 vs. 10·1 ± 9·7 in patients without genital lesions, P = 0·001). The attention given to possible sexual problems in the psoriasis population by healthcare professionals is perceived as insufficient by patients.



In addition to quality of life, sexual health is diminished in a considerable number of patients with psoriasis and particularly women with genital lesions have on average high levels of sexual distress. We underscore the need for physicians to pay attention to the impact of psoriasis on psychosocial and sexual health when treating patients for this skin disease.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as (agro)ecosystem engineers

Symbiotic interactions have been shown to facilitate shifts in the structure and function of host plant communities. For example, parasitic plants can induce changes in plant diversity through the suppression of competitive community dominants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have also be shown to induce shifts in host communities by increasing host plant nutrient uptake and growth while suppressing non-mycorrhizal species. AM fungi can therefore function as ecosystem engineers facilitating shifts in host plant communities though the presumed physiological suppression of non-contributing or non-mycorrhizal plant species. This dichotomy in plant response to AM fungi has been suggested as a tool to suppress weed species (many of which are non-mycorrhizal) in agro-ecosystems where mycorrhizal crop species are cultivated. Rinaudo et al. (2010), this issue, have demonstrated that AM fungi can suppress pernicious non-mycorrhizal weed species including Chenopodium album (fat hen) while benefiting the crop plant Helianthus annuus (sunflower). These findings now suggest a future for harnessing AM fungi as agro-ecosystem engineers representing potential alternatives to costly and environmentally damaging herbicides.
College student cyberbullying on social networking sites: Conceptualization, prevalence, and perceived bystander responsibility

The majority of research on cyberbullying has been conducted with middle school and high school students and has not focused on specific technology platforms. The current study investigated college student experiences with cyberbullying on Social Networking Sites (SNS). College students (N 1⁄4 196) from a northwestern university shared their conceptualizations of what cyberbullying looked like on SNS. Some college students (19%) reported that they had been bullied on SNS and 46% indicating that they had witnessed cyberbullying on SNS. The majority (61%) of college students who witnessed cyberbullying on SNS did nothing to intervene. College students were also asked about their perceived responsibility when they witnessed cyberbullying on SNS. Two diverging themes emerged that indicated some college students believed their responsibility to intervene was circumstantial, while others believed there is a constant clear level of responsibility for college student cyberbullying bystanders on
Applications of Image Processing in Agriculture: A Survey

Image processing has been proved to be effective tool for analysis in various fields and applications. Agriculture sector where the parameters like canopy, yield, quality of product were the important measures from the farmers&apos; point of view. Many times expert advice may not be affordable, majority times the availability of expert and their services may consume time. Image processing along with availability of communication network can change the situation of getting the expert advice well within time and at affordable cost since image processing was the effective tool for analysis of parameters. This paper intends to focus on the survey of application of image processing in agriculture field such as imaging techniques, weed detection and fruit grading. The analysis of the parameters has proved to be accurate and less time consuming as compared to traditional methods. Application of image processing can improve decision making for vegetation measurement, irrigation, fruit sorting, etc.