nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting Transient Bottlenecks in n-Tier Applications through Fine-Grained Analysis

Identifying the location of performance bottlenecks is a non-trivial challenge when scaling n-tier applications in computing clouds. Specifically, we observed that an n-tier application may experience significant performance loss when there are transient bottlenecks in component servers. Such transient bottlenecks arise frequently at high resource utilization and often result from transient events (e.g., JVM garbage collection) in an n-tier system and bursty workloads. Because of their short lifespan (e.g., milliseconds), these transient bottlenecks are difficult to detect using current system monitoring tools with sampling at intervals of seconds or minutes. We describe a novel transient bottleneck detection method that correlates throughput (i.e., request service rate) and load (i.e., number of concurrent requests) of each server in an n-tier system at fine time granularity. Both throughput and load can be measured through passive network tracing at millisecond-level time granularity. Using correlation analysis, we can identify the transient bottlenecks at time granularities as short as 50ms. We validate our method experimentally through two case studies on transient bottlenecks caused by factors at the system software layer (e.g., JVM garbage collection) and architecture layer (e.g., Intel SpeedStep).
The Mannheim Search Join Engine

A Search Join is a join operation which extends a user-provided table with additional attributes based on a large corpus of heterogeneous data originating from the Web or corporate intranets. Search Joins are useful within a wide range of application scenarios: Imagine you are an analyst having a local table describing companies and you want to extend this table with attributes containing the headquarters, turnover, and revenue of each company. Or imagine you are a film enthusiast and want to extend a table describing films with attributes like director, genre, and release date of each film. This article presents the Mannheim Search Join Engine which automatically performs such table extension operations based on a large corpus of Web data. Given a local table, the Mannheim Search Join Engine searches the corpus for additional data describing the entities contained in the input table. The discovered data is then joined with the local table and is consolidated using schema matching and data fusion techniques. As result, the user is presented with an extended table and given the opportunity to examine the provenance of the added data. We evaluate the Mannheim Search Join Engine using heterogeneous data originating from over one million different websites. The data corpus consists of HTML tables, as well as Linked Data and Microdata annotations which are converted into tabular form. Our experiments show that the Mannheim Search Join Engine achieves a coverage close to 100% and a precision of around 90% for the tasks of extending tables describing cities, companies, countries, drugs, books, films, and songs.
The Rate Monotonic Scheduling Algorithm: Exact Characterization and Average Case Behavior

deadlines all of the time if the rate monotonic algorithm is used and the total utilization is not greater than .693. This paper presents an exact characterization of the ability of the rate monotonic scheduling algorithm to meet the Liu and Layland  also found that the optimal dynamic deadlines of a periodic task set. In addition, a stochastic scheduling algorithm was the nearest deadline algorithm. analysis is presented which gives the probability This algorithm was shown to have a worst case bound of distribution of the breakdown utilization of randomly 1.OOO. Consequently, it can meet all the deadlines of all generated task sets. It is shown that as the task set size periodic tasks up to full processor utilization. In spite of increases, the task computation times become of little the apparent dominance of the nearest deadline algorithm importance, and the breakdown utilization converges to a over the rate monotonic algorithm, the rate monotonic constant determined by the task periods. For uniformly algorithm is of great practical importance [l, 2,5,6,103. distributed tasks, a breakdown utilization of 88% is a First, it can be used to ensure that the timing requirements reasonable characterization of the breakdown utilization of the most important tasks are met when a transient level. An interesting case is presented in which the overload occurs. Second, it provides a convenient way to average case breakdown utilization reaches the worst case offer fast response times to aperiodic tasks while still Liu and Layland lower bound. meeting the deadlines of the periodic tasks using the deferrable server algorithm , the sporadic server algorithm [lo] or the extended priority exchange algorithm . Third, it can be modified to handle task
Protection, regeneration and replacement of hair cells in the cochlea: implications for the future treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.

In the last few years progress has been made in understanding basic mechanisms involved in damage to the inner ear and various potential therapeutic approaches have been developed. It was shown that hair cell loss mediated by noise or toxic drugs may be prevented by antioxidants, inhibitors of intracellular stress pathways and neurotrophic factors/neurotransmission blockers. Moreover, there is hope that once hair cells are lost, their regeneration can be induced or that stem cells can be used to build up new hair cells. However, although tremendous progress has been made, most of the concepts discussed in this review are still in the "animal stage" and it is difficult to predict which approach will finally enter clinical practice. In my opinion it is highly probable that some concepts of hair cell protection will enter clinical practice first, while others, such as the use of stem cells to restore hearing, are still far from clinical utility.
Reliability of the metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle in tibia vara as measured on digital images by pediatric orthopaedic surgeons.

Levine and Drennan described the tibial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle (MDA) in an attempt to identify patients with infantile Blount's disease. Pediatric orthopaedic surgeons have debated not only the use, but also the reliability of this measure. Two techniques have been described to measure the MDA. These techniques involved using both the lateral border of the tibial cortex and the center of the tibial shaft as the longitudinal axis for radiographic measurements. The use of digital images poses another variable in the reliability of the MDA as digital images are used more commonly.



The radiographs of 21 children (42 limbs) were retrospectively reviewed by 27 staff pediatric orthopaedic surgeons. Interobserver reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Nine duplicate radiographs (18 duplicate limbs) that appeared in the data set were used to calculate ICCs representing the intraobserver reliability. A scatter plot was created comparing the mean MDA determined by the 2 methods. The strength of a linear relationship between the 2 methods was measured with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Finally, we tested for a difference in variability between the 2 measures at angles of 11 degrees or less and greater than 11 degrees by comparing the variance ratios using the F test.



The interobserver reliability was calculated using the ICC as 0.821 for the single-measure method and 0.992 for the average-measure method. The intraobserver reliability was similarly calculated using the ICC as 0.886 for the single-measure method and 0.940 for the average-measure method. Pearson correlation coefficient (0.9848) revealed a highly linear relationship between the 2 methods (P = 0.00001). We also found that there was no statistically significant variability between the 2 methods of calculating the MDA at angles of 11 degrees or less compared with angles greater than 11 degrees (P = 0.596688).



There was excellent interobserver reliability and intraobserver reliability among reviewers. Using either the lateral diaphyseal line or center diaphyseal line produces reasonable reliability with no significant variability at angles of 11 degrees or less or greater than 11 degrees.
Interpretable Categorization of Heterogeneous Time Series Data

The explanation of heterogeneous multivariate time series data is a central problem in many applications. The problem requires two major data mining challenges to be addressed simultaneously: Learning models that are humaninterpretable and mining of heterogeneous multivariate time series data. The intersection of these two areas is not adequately explored in the existing literature. To address this gap, we propose grammar-based decision trees and an algorithm for learning them. Grammar-based decision tree extends decision trees with a grammar framework. Logical expressions, derived from context-free grammar, are used for branching in place of simple thresholds on attributes. The added expressivity enables support for a wide range of data types while retaining the interpretability of decision trees. By choosing a grammar based on temporal logic, we show that grammar-based decision trees can be used for the interpretable classification of high-dimensional and heterogeneous time series data. In addition to classification, we show how grammar-based decision trees can also be used for categorization, which is a combination of clustering and generating interpretable explanations for each cluster. We apply grammar-based decision trees to analyze the classic Australian Sign Language dataset as well as categorize and explain near midair collisions to support the development of a prototype aircraft collision avoidance system.
Toxicity of Nerium oleander leaf extract in mice.

Non-lethal dose of 70% ethanol extract of the Nerium oleander dry leaves (1000 mg/kg body weight) was subcutaneously injected into male and female mice once a week for 9 weeks (total 10 doses). One day after the last injection, final body weight gain (relative percentage to the initial body weight) had a tendency, in both males and females, towards depression suggesting a metabolic insult at other sites than those involved in myocardial function. Multiple exposure of the mice to the specified dose failed to express a significant influence on blood parameters (WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT, PLT) as well as myocardium. On the other hand, a lethal dose (4000 mg/kg body weight) was capable of inducing progressive changes in myocardial electrical activity ending up in cardiac arrest. The electrocardiogram abnormalities could be brought about by the expected Na+, K(+)-ATPase inhibition by the cardiac glycosides (cardenolides) content of the lethal dose.
Smart drip irrigation system for sustainable agriculture

Agriculture is the back bone of India. To make the sustainable agriculture, this system is proposed. In this system ARM 9 processor is used to control and monitor the irrigation system. Different kinds of sensors are used. This paper presents a fully automated drip irrigation system which is controlled and monitored by using ARM9 processor. PH content and the nitrogen content of the soil are frequently monitored. For the purpose of monitoring and controlling, GSM module is implemented. The system informs user about any abnormal conditions like less moisture content and temperature rise, even concentration of CO2 via SMS through the GSM module.
Age related differences of executive functioning problems in everyday life of children and adolescents in the autism spectrum.

Numerous studies investigated executive functioning (EF) problems in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using laboratory EF tasks. As laboratory task performances often differ from real life observations, the current study focused on EF in everyday life of 118 children and adolescents with ASD (6-18 years). We investigated age-related and individual differences in EF problems as reported by parents on the Behavioral Rating Inventory Executive Functions (BRIEF: Gioia et al. in Behavior rating inventory of executive function.  Odesse 2000), and examined the association with autism severity. Inhibition problems were mostly found in the youngest group (6- to 8-year-olds), whereas problems with planning where more evident for 12- to 14-year-olds as compared to 9- to 11-year-olds. In a subsample of participants meeting the ADOS ASD cut-off criteria the age related differences in planning were absent, while problems with cognitive flexibility were less apparent in 15- to 18-year-olds, compared to 9- to 11-, and 12- to 14-year olds. EF problems surpassing the clinical cutoff were only observed in 20% (planning) to 51% (cognitive flexibility) of the children and adolescents, and no relation was found with ASD symptom severity. This underlines the heterogeneous nature of ASD.
An FPGA Implementation of Incremental Clustering for Radar Pulse Deinterleaving

A military aircraft in a hostile environment may need to use radar jamming in order to avoid being detected or engaged by the enemy. Effective jamming can require knowledge of the number and type of enemy radars; however, the radar receiver on the aircraft will observe a single stream of pulses from all radar emitters combined. It is advantageous to separate this collection of pulses into individual streams each corresponding to a particular emitter in the environment; this process is known as pulse deinterleaving. Pulse deinterleaving is critical for effective electronic warfare (EW) signal processing such as electronic attack (EA) and electronic protection (EP) because it not only aids in the identification of enemy radars but also permits the intelligent allocation of processing resources.
An integrated telehealth system for remote administration of an adult autism assessment.

We developed a telehealth system to administer an autism assessment remotely. The remote assessment system integrates videoconferencing, stimuli presentation, recording, image and video presentation, and electronic assessment scoring into an intuitive software platform. This is an advancement over existing technologies used in telemental health, which currently require several devices. The number of children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has increased dramatically over the past 20 years and is expected to continue to increase in coming years. In general, there are not many clinicians trained in either the diagnosis or treatment of adults with ASD. Given the number of adults with autism in need, a remote assessment system can potentially provide a solution to the lack of trained clinicians. The goal is to make the remote assessment system as close to face-to-face assessment as possible, yet versatile enough to support deployment in underserved areas. The primary challenge to achieving this goal is that the assessment requires social interaction that appears natural and fluid, so the remote system needs to be able to support fluid natural interaction. For this study we developed components to support this type of interaction and integrated these components into a system capable of supporting the entire autistic assessment protocol. We then implemented the system and evaluated the system on real patients. The results suggest that we have achieved our goal in developing a system with high-quality interaction that is easy to use.
Generating a business model canvas for Future-Internet-based logistics control towers

In order to see technological innovations entering and gaining prevalence in a market, viable business models are necessary for companies that are going to employ and deliver such innovations. The business model canvas is an approach to describe and visualize a planned business model idea and is especially suited for innovative enterprises and start-ups. In this paper, a business model canvas is presented that has been developed to examine possible ways of exploiting the potential of Future-Internet-based logistics control towers in the transportation and logistics domain.
Metabolic Engineering for Probiotics and their Genome-Wide Expression Profiling.

Probiotic supplements in food industry have attracted a lot of attention and shown a remarkable growth in this field. Metabolic engineering (ME) approaches enable understanding their mechanism of action and increases possibility of designing probiotic strains with desired functions. Probiotic microorganisms generally referred as industrially important lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which are involved in fermenting dairy products, food, beverages and produces lactic acid as final product. A number of illustrations of metabolic engineering approaches in industrial probiotic bacteria have been described in this review including transcriptomic studies of Lactobacillus reuteri and improvement in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis yield in Lactobacillus casei LC2W. This review summaries various metabolic engineering approaches for exploring metabolic pathways. These approaches enable evaluation of cellular metabolic state and effective editing of microbial genome or introduction of novel enzymes to redirect the carbon fluxes. In addition, various system biology tools such as in silico design commonly used for improving strain performance is also discussed. Finally, we discuss the integration of metabolic engineering and genome profiling which offers a new way to explore metabolic interactions, fluxomics and probiogenomics using probiotic bacteria like Bifidobacterium spp and Lactobacillus spp.
A hybrid online-product recommendation system: Combining implicit rating-based collaborative filtering and sequential pattern analysis

Many online shopping malls in which explicit rating information is not available still have difficulty in providing recommendation services using collaborative filtering (CF) techniques for their users. Applying temporal purchase patterns derived from sequential pattern analysis (SPA) for recommendation services also often makes users unhappy with the inaccurate and biased results obtained by not considering individual preferences. The objective of this research is twofold. One is to derive implicit ratings so that CF can be applied to online transaction data even when no explicit rating information is available, and the other is to integrate CF and SPA for improving recommendation quality. Based on the results of several experiments that we conducted to compare the performance between ours and others, we contend that implicit rating can successfully replace explicit rating in CF and that the hybrid approach of CF and SPA is better than the individual ones.
An Efficient Implementation of Reid's Multiple Hypothesis Tracking Algorithm and Its Evaluation for the Purpose of Visual Tracking

An efficient implementation of Reid's multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) algorithm is presented in which the k-best hypotheses are determined in polynomial time using an algorithm due to M u r Q [24]. The MHT algorithm is then applied to several motion sequences. The MHT capabilities of track initiation, termination, and continuation are demonstrated together with the latter's capability to provide low level support of temporary occlusion of tracks. Between 50 and 150 corner features are simultaneously tracked in the image plane over a sequence of up to 51 frames. Each corner is tracked using a simple linear Kalman filter and any data association uncertainty is resolved by the MHT. Kalman filter parameter estimation is discussed, and experimental results show that the algorithm is robust to errors in the motion model. An investigation of the performance of the algorithm as a function of look-ahead (tree depth) indicates that high accuracy can be obtained for tree depths as shallow as three. Experimental results suggest that a real-time MHT solution to the motion correspondence problem is possible for certain classes of scenes.
EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSDERMAL THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS: AN EXHAUSTIVE PICTORIAL AND FIGURATIVE REVIEW

Development of controlled release transdermal dosage form is a complex process involving extensive research. Transdermal patches have been developed to improve clinical efficacy of the drug and to enhance patient compliance by delivering smaller amount of drug at a predetermined rate. This makes evaluation studies even more important in order to ensure their desired performance and reproducibility under the specified environmental conditions. These studies are predictive of transdermal dosage forms and can be classified into following types:
Oncogenes as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer : A Review

Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process which result in uncontrolled cell growth. Mutations in DNA that lead to cancer disrupt these orderly processes by disrupting the programming regulating the processes.. This results in uncontrolled cell division leading to carcinogenesis. Oncogenes are genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. Oncogenes arise by activating mutation of their precursors, the proto-oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes are often directly involved in growth regulation of normal cells. Advances in molecular studies had led to the identification of many oncogenes in cancer formation. This will help in early detection of many cancers. The action of drugs on oncogenes will help in specific treatment of different types of cancers. An overview of the functions, properties and clinical importance of oncogenes is discussed in this review.
Toward dynamic ensembles: the BAGA approach

Existing studies on ensemble classifiers typically take a static approach in assembling individual classifiers, in which all the important features are specified in advance. In this paper, we propose a new concept, dynamic ensemble, as an advanced classifier that could have dynamic component classifiers and have dynamic configurations. Toward this goal, we have substantially expanded the existing "overproduce and choose" paradigm for ensemble construction. A new algorithm called BAGA is proposed to explore this approach. Taking a set of decision tree component classifiers as input, BAGA generates a set of candidate ensembles using combined bagging and genetic algorithm techniques so that component classifiers are determined at execution time. Empirical studies have been carried out on variations of the BAGA algorithm, where the sizes of chosen classifiers, effects of bag size, voting function and evaluation functions on the dynamic ensemble construction, are investigated.
Leaf size, specific leaf area and microhabitat distribution of chaparral woody plants: contrasting patterns in species level and community level analyses

We examined variation in leaf size and specific leaf area (SLA) in relation to the distribution of 22 chaparral shrub species on small-scale gradients of aspect and elevation. Potential incident solar radiation (insolation) was estimated from a geographic information system to quantify microclimate affinities of these species across north- and south-facing slopes. At the community level, leaf size and SLA both declined with increasing insolation, based on average trait values for the species found in plots along the gradient. However, leaf size and SLA were not significantly correlated across species, suggesting that these two traits are decoupled and associated with different aspects of performance along this environmental gradient. For individual species, SLA was negatively correlated with species distributions along the insolation gradient, and was significantly lower in evergreen versus deciduous species. Leaf size exhibited a negative but non-significant trend in relation to insolation distribution of individual species. At the community level, variance in leaf size increased with increasing insolation. For individual species, there was a greater range of leaf size on south-facing slopes, while there was an absence of small-leaved species on north-facing slopes. These results demonstrate that analyses of plant functional traits along environmental gradients based on community level averages may obscure important aspects of trait variation and distribution among the constituent species.