nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The design philosophy of the DARPA internet protocols

The Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP, was first proposed fifteen years ago. It was developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and has been used widely in military and commercial systems. While there have been papers and specifications that describe how the protocols work, it is sometimes difficult to deduce from these why the protocol is as it is. For example, the Internet protocol is based on a connectionless or datagram mode of service. The motivation for this has been greatly misunderstood. This paper attempts to capture some of the early reasoning which shaped the Internet protocols.
CS364B: Frontiers in Mechanism Design Bonus Lecture: Gross Substitutes and Greedy Algorithms

where A = {j : q(j) > p(j)} is the of items whose prices have increased (in q relative to p). That is, whenever a bidder loses the items of S ∩ A because of being outbid, it still wants to retain the items S \ A it has, at the original prices. We saw several examples of GS valuations, including k-unit demand valuations, downward-sloping valuations for identical items, and so on. In this lecture, we insist that Definition 1.1 holds for all real-valued prices vectors, including those that with some negative prices. We also won’t need to assume that vi(∅) = 0. We only consider valuations that are monotone (S ⊆ T implies v(S) ≤ v(T )).
Design of novel Multiple Valued Logic (MVL) circuits

Multiple-Valued Logic (MVL) is the non-binary-valued system, in which more than two levels of information content are available, i.e., L>2. In modern technologies, the dual level binary logic circuits have normally been used. However, these suffer from several significant issues such as the interconnection considerations including the parasitics, area and power dissipation. The MVL circuits have been proved to be consisting of reduced circuitry and increased efficiency in terms of higher utilization of the circuit resources through multiple levels of voltage. Innumerable algorithms have been developed for designing such MVL circuits. Extended form is one of the algebraic techniques used in designing these MVL circuits. Voltage mode design has also been employed for constructing various types of MVL circuits.  This paper proposes a novel MVLTRANS inverter, designed using conventional CMOS and pass transistor logic based MVLPTL inverter. Binary to MVL Converter/Encoder and MVL to binary Decoder/Converter are also presented in the paper. In addition to the proposed decoder circuit, a 4-bit novel MVL Binary decoder circuit is also proposed.  All these circuits are designed, implemented and verified using Cadence® Virtuoso tools using 180 nm technology library.
Design and Development of Small Electric Vehicle using MATLAB/Simulink

The issue of the depletion of oil reserves in the world, and the problem of air pollution produced by motor vehicles, motivate many researchers to seek alternative energy sources to propel the vehicle. One promising way is to replace combustion motor with an electric motor, which is known as an electric vehicle. First stages of this research is to model the flow of power in the electric vehicle energy system to obtain its characteristics. Power flow efficiency in
An RFID based consistency management framework for production monitoring in a smart real-time factory

The use of RFID devices for real-time production monitoring in modern factories is impeded by the inherent unreliability of RFID devices. In this paper we present a consistency stack that conceptually divides the different consistency issues in production monitoring into separate layers. In addition to this we have built a consistency management framework to ensure consistent real-time production monitoring, using unreliable RFID devices. In detail, we deal with the problem of detecting object sequences by a set of unreliable RFID readers that are installed along production lines. We propose a probabilistic sequence detection algorithm that assigns probabilities to objects detected by RFID devices and provides probabilistic guarantees regarding the real-time sequences of objects on the production lines.
A practical circuit-based model for Li-ion battery cells in electric vehicle applications

This paper proposes a practical circuit-based model for Li-ion cells, which can be directly connected to a model of a complete electric vehicle (EV) system. The goal of this paper is to provide EV system designers with a tool in simulation programs such as Matlab/Simulink to model the behaviour of Li-ion cells under various operating conditions in EV or other applications. The current direction, state of charge (SoC), temperature and C-rate dependency are represented by empirical equations obtained from measurements on LiFePO4 cells. Tradeoffs between model complexity and accuracy have been made based on practical considerations in EV applications. Depending on the required accuracy and operating conditions, the EV system designer can choose the influences to be included in the system simulation.
Graphic Literacies for a Digital Age: The Survival of Layout

Page layout is dominant in many genres of physical documents, but it is frequently overlooked when texts are digitised. Its presence is largely determined by available technologies and skills: If no provision is made for creating, preserving, or describing layout, then it tends not to be created, preserved or described. However, I argue, the significance and utility of layout for readers is such that it will survive or re-emerge. I review how layout has been treated in the literature of graphic design and linguistics, and consider its role as a memory tool. I distinguish between fixed, flowed, fugitive and fragmented pages, determined not only by authorial intent but also by technical constraints. Finally, I describe graphic literacy as a component of functional literacy and suggest that corresponding graphic literacies are needed not only by readers, but by creators of documents and by the information management technologies that produce, deliver, and store them.
Simulating the N400 ERP component as semantic network error: Insights from a feature-based connectionist attractor model of word meaning

The N400 ERP component is widely used in research on language and semantic memory. Although the component's relation to semantic processing is well-established, the computational mechanisms underlying N400 generation are currently unclear (Kutas & Federmeier, 2011). We explored the mechanisms underlying the N400 by examining how a connectionist model's performance measures covary with N400 amplitudes. We simulated seven N400 effects obtained in human empirical research. Network error was consistently in the same direction as N400 amplitudes, namely larger for low frequency words, larger for words with many features, larger for words with many orthographic neighbors, and smaller for semantically related target words as well as repeated words. Furthermore, the repetition-induced decrease was stronger for low frequency words, and for words with many semantic features. In contrast, semantic activation corresponded less well with the N400. Our results suggest an interesting relation between N400 amplitudes and semantic network error. In psychological terms, error values in connectionist models have been conceptualized as implicit prediction error, and we interpret our results as support for the idea that N400 amplitudes reflect implicit prediction error in semantic memory (McClelland, 1994).
Large-scale field-programmable analog arrays for analog signal processing

Field-programmable analog arrays (FPAAs) provide a method for rapidly prototyping analog systems. Currently available commercial and academic FPAAs are typically based on operational amplifiers (or other similar analog primitives) with only a few computational elements per chip. While their specific architectures vary, their small sizes and often restrictive interconnect designs leave current FPAAs limited in functionality and flexibility. For FPAAs to enter the realm of large-scale reconfigurable devices such as modern field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), new technologies must be explored to provide area-efficient accurately programmable analog circuitry that can be easily integrated into a larger digital/mixed-signal system. Recent advances in the area of floating-gate transistors have led to a core technology that exhibits many of these qualities, and current research promises a digitally controllable analog technology that can be directly mated to commercial FPGAs. By leveraging these advances, a new generation of FPAAs is introduced in this paper that will dramatically advance the current state of the art in terms of size, functionality, and flexibility. FPAAs have been fabricated using floating-gate transistors as the sole programmable element, and the results of characterization and system-level experiments on the most recent FPAA are shown.
Learning from facial aging patterns for automatic age estimation

Age Specific Human-Computer Interaction (ASHCI) has vast potential applications in daily life. However, automatic age estimation technique is still underdeveloped. One of the main reasons is that the aging effects on human faces present several unique characteristics which make age estimation a challenging task that requires non-standard classification approaches. According to the speciality of the facial aging effects, this paper proposes the AGES (AGing pattErn Subspace) method for automatic age estimation. The basic idea is to model the aging pattern, which is defined as a sequence of personal aging face images, by learning a representative subspace. The proper aging pattern for an unseen face image is then determined by the projection in the subspace that can best reconstruct the face image, while the position of the face image in that aging pattern will indicate its age. The AGES method has shown encouraging performance in the comparative experiments either as an age estimator or as an age range estimator.
Sustainable Solutions for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Thailand

General as well as the MSW management in Thailand is reviewed in this paper. Topics include the MSW generation, sources, composition, and trends. The review, then, moves to sustainable solutions for MSW management, sustainable alternative approaches with an emphasis on an integrated MSW management. Information of waste in Thailand is also given at the beginning of this paper for better understanding of later contents. It is clear that no one single method of MSW disposal can deal with all materials in an environmentally sustainable way. As such, a suitable approach in MSW management should be an integrated approach that could deliver both environmental and economic sustainability. With increasing environmental concerns, the integrated MSW management system has a potential to maximize the useable waste materials as well as produce energy as a by-product. In Thailand, the compositions of waste (86%) are mainly organic waste, paper, plastic, glass, and metal. As a result, the waste in Thailand is suitable for an integrated MSW management. Currently, the Thai national waste management policy starts to encourage the local administrations to gather into clusters to establish central MSW disposal facilities with suitable technologies and reducing the disposal cost based on the amount of MSW generated.  MSW, management, sustainable, Thailand
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis

Compelling evidence suggests the advantage of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in traumatic brain injury. The present meta-analysis evaluated the outcomes of HBOT in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prospective studies comparing hyperbaric oxygen therapy vs. control in patients with mild (GCS 13–15) to severe (GCS 3–8) TBI were hand-searched from medical databases using the terms “hyperbaric oxygen therapy, traumatic brain injury, and post-concussion syndrome”. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was the primary outcome, while Glasgow outcome score (GOS), overall mortality, and changes in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) score, constituted the secondary outcomes. The results of eight studies (average age of patients, 23–41 years) reveal a higher post-treatment GCS score in the HBOT group (pooled difference in means = 3.13, 95 % CI 2.34–3.92, P < 0.001), in addition to greater improvement in GOS and lower mortality, as compared to the control group. However, no significant change in the PTSD score was observed. Patients undergoing hyperbaric therapy achieved significant improvement in the GCS and GOS with a lower overall mortality, suggesting its utility as a standard intensive care regimen in traumatic brain injury.
Optimization of Taxiway Routing and Runway Scheduling

This paper describes a mixed-integer linear programming optimization method for the coupled problems of airport taxiway routing and runway scheduling. The receding-horizon formulation and the use of iteration in the avoidance constraints allows the scalability of the baseline algorithm presented, with examples based on Heathrow Airport, London, U.K., which contains up to 240 aircraft. The results show that average taxi times can be reduced by half, compared with the first-come-first-served approach. The main advantage is shown with the departure aircraft flow. Comparative testing demonstrates that iteration reduces the computational demand of the required separation constraints while introducing no loss in performance.
Off-line signature verification based on grey level information using texture features

A method for conducting off-line handwritten signature verification is described. It works at the global image level and measures the grey level variations in the image using statistical texture features. The co-occurrence matrix and local binary pattern are analysed and used as features. This method begins with a proposed background removal. A histogram is also processed to reduce the influence of different writing ink pens used by signers. Genuine samples and random forgeries have been used to train an SVM model and random and skilled forgeries have been used for testing it. Results are reasonable according to the state-of-the-art and approaches that use the same two databases: MCYT-75 and GPDS100 Corpuses. The combination of the proposed features and those proposed by other authors, based on geometric information, also promises improvements in performance. & 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Face Beautification and Color Enhancement with Scene Mode Detection

Auto photo beautification algorithms play important roles of promoting the quality of photograph because of the popularity of digital image production such as digital camera and printer. In this thesis, we develop a pipeline which combines automatic human face beautification and automatic color enhancement. The goal of this thesis is to beautify human faces and enhance the detail and color of the background of photos. The enhancement methods must produce steady and harmonious results quickly, so that our methods can be implemented on printer and used by users. Finally, we will select the best-match scene mode based on the color distribution of input image. The printer can use the corresponding profile with the information of the scene; it will make the print-out photos more colorful and vivid. Keywords-face; color; beautification; enhancement
Wind ramp event prediction with parallelized gradient boosted regression trees

Accurate prediction of wind ramp events is critical for ensuring the reliability and stability of the power systems with high penetration of wind energy. This paper proposes a classification based approach for estimating the future class of wind ramp event based on certain thresholds. A parallelized gradient boosted regression tree based technique has been proposed to accurately classify the normal as well as rare extreme wind power ramp events. The model has been validated using wind power data obtained from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory database. Performance comparison with several benchmark techniques indicates the superiority of the proposed technique in terms of superior classification accuracy.
Excision of Mucocele – a Case Report

The mucocele is one of the most common benign soft tissue masses that occur in the oral cavity. Mucoceles (mucus and coele cavity), by definition, are cavities filled with mucus. Two types of mucoceles can appear – extravasation type and retention type. Diagnosis is mostly based on clinical findings. The common location of the extravasation mucocele is the lower lip and the treatment of choice is surgical removal. This paper gives an insight into the phenomenon and a case report has been presented.  Twenty five year old femalepatient reported with chief complaint of small swelling on the left side of the lower lip since 2 months. The swelling was diagnosed as extravasation mucocele after history and clinical examination. The treatment involved surgical excision of tissue and regular follow up was done to check for recurrence.  The treatment of lesion such as mucocele must be planned taking into consideration the various clinical parameters and any oral habits as these lesions have a propensity of recurrence.
Electrical performance of vertical natural capacitor for RF system-on-chip in 32-nm technology

Radio frequency system-on-chips (RF SoC) require high quality passive devices such as capacitors. We comprehensively studied the vertical natural capacitors (VNCAP) made of CMOS back-end-of-lines (BEOL) in 32-nm technology. We used electromagnetic simulation and a Pi-type equivalent circuit model for the study of the VNCAP, and reported its electrical characteristics including the scattering parameter, effective capacitance, self-resonant frequency and quality factor up to 20 GHz. We also briefly discussed the performance scaling trend of VNCAPs from 65-nm to 32-nm technology.
Proximaler Humerusersatz bei malignen Schultergelenktumoren

Lokale onkologische Tumorkontrolle bei malignen Knochentumoren. Erhalt der Arm- und Handfunktion ab Ellenbogen mit der Möglichkeit, die Hand zum Mund zu führen. Vermeiden der Amputation. Stabile Aufhängung des Arms im Schulter-/Neogelenk. Primäre Knochensarkome des proximalen Humerus oder der Skapula mit Gelenkbeteiligung ohne Infiltration der Gefäßnervenstraße bei Primärmanifestation. Knochenmetastasen solider Tumoren mit großen Knochendefekten bei Primärmanifestation in palliativer/kurativer Intention oder im Revisions-/Rezidivfall nach Versagen vorhergehender Versorgungen. Tumorinfiltration der Gefäßnervenstraße. Fehlende Möglichkeit der muskulären Prothesendeckung durch ausgeprägte Tumorinfiltration der Oberarmweichteile. Transdeltoidaler Zugang unter Splitt der Deltamuskulatur. Präparation des tumortragenden Humerus unter langstreckiger Freilegung des Gefäßnervenbündels. Belassen eines onkologisch ausreichenden allseitigen Sicherheitsabstands auf dem Resektat sowohl seitens der Weichteile als auch des knöchernen Absetzungsrands. Zementierte oder zementfreie Implantation der Tumorprothese. Rekonstruktion des Gelenks und Fixation des Arms unter Verwendung eines Anbindungsschlauchs. Ggf. Bildung eines artifiziellen Gelenks bei extraartikulärer Resektion. Möglichst anatomische Refixation der initial abgesetzten Muskulatur auf dem Implantat zur Wiederherstellung der Funktion. Lagerung des Arms im z. B. Gilchrist-Verband für 4–6 Wochen postoperativ. Passive Beübung im Ellenbogengelenk nach 3–4 Wochen. Aktive Beübung der Schulter und des Ellenbogengelenks frühestens nach 4–6 Wochen. Lymphdrainage und Venenpumpe ab dem 1.–2. postoperativen Tag. The aim of the operation is local tumor control in malignant primary and secondary bone tumors of the proximal humerus. Limb salvage and preservation of function with the ability to lift the hand to the mouth. Stable suspension of the arm in the shoulder joint or the artificial joint. Primary malignant bone tumors of the proximal humerus or the scapula with joint infiltration but without involvement of the vessel/nerve bundle. Metastases of solid tumors with osteolytic defects in palliative or curative intention or after failure of primary osteosynthesis. Tumor infiltration of the vessel/nerve bundle. Massive tumor infiltration of the soft tissues without the possibility of sufficient soft tissue coverage of the implant. Transdeltoid approach with splitting of the deltoid muscle. Preparation and removal of the tumor-bearing humerus with exposure of the vessel/nerve bundle. Ensure an oncologically sufficient soft tissue and bone margin in all directions of the resection. Cementless or cemented stem implantation. Reconstruction of the joint capsule and fixation of the prosthesis using a synthetic tube. Soft tissue coverage of the prosthesis with anatomical positioning of the muscle to regain function. Immobilization of the arm/shoulder joint for 4–6 weeks in a Gilchrist bandage. Passive mobilization of the elbow joint after 3–4 weeks. Active mobilization of the shoulder and elbow joint at the earliest after 4–6 weeks.
A superresolution approach for bar code reading

This paper presents a computer vision based method for bar code reading. Bar code's geometric features and the imaging system parameters are jointly extracted from a tilted low resolution bar code image. This approach enables the use of cost effective cameras, increases the depth of acquisition, and provides solutions for cases where image quality is low. The performance of the algorithm is tested on synthetic and real test images, and extension to a 2D bar code (PDF417) is also discussed.
Effort during visual search and counting: insights from pupillometry.

We investigated the processing effort during visual search and counting tasks using a pupil dilation measure. Search difficulty was manipulated by varying the number of distractors as well as the heterogeneity of the distractors. More difficult visual search resulted in more pupil dilation than did less difficult search. These results confirm a link between effort and increased pupil dilation. The pupil dilated more during the counting task than during target-absent search, even though the displays were identical, and the two tasks were matched for reaction time. The moment-to-moment dilation pattern during search suggests little effort in the early stages, but increasingly more effort towards response, whereas the counting task involved an increased initial effort, which was sustained throughout the trial. These patterns can be interpreted in terms of the differential memory load for item locations in each task. In an additional experiment, increasing the spatial memory requirements of the search evoked a corresponding increase in pupil dilation. These results support the view that search tasks involve some, but limited, memory for item locations, and the effort associated with this memory load increases during the trials. In contrast, counting involves a heavy locational memory component from the start.
Do Action Video Games Improve Perception and Cognition?

Frequent action video game players often outperform non-gamers on measures of perception and cognition, and some studies find that video game practice enhances those abilities. The possibility that video game training transfers broadly to other aspects of cognition is exciting because training on one task rarely improves performance on others. At first glance, the cumulative evidence suggests a strong relationship between gaming experience and other cognitive abilities, but methodological shortcomings call that conclusion into question. We discuss these pitfalls, identify how existing studies succeed or fail in overcoming them, and provide guidelines for more definitive tests of the effects of gaming on cognition.