nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Night time road curvature estimation based on Convolutional Neural Networks

Detecting the road geometry at night time is an essential precondition to provide optimal illumination for the driver and the other traffic participants. In this paper we propose a novel approach to estimate the current road curvature based on three sensors: A far infrared camera, a near infrared camera and an imaging radar sensor. Various Convolutional Neural Networks with different configuration are trained for each input. By fusing the classifier responses of all three sensors, a further performance gain is achieved. To annotate the training and evaluation dataset without costly human interaction a fully automatic curvature annotation algorithm based on inertial navigation system is presented as well.
Gut Microbiome of an 11th Century A.D. Pre-Columbian Andean Mummy

The process of natural mummification is a rare and unique process from which little is known about the resulting microbial community structure. In the present study, we characterized the microbiome of paleofeces, and ascending, transverse and descending colon of an 11th century A.D. pre-Columbian Andean mummy by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics. Firmicutes were the most abundant bacterial group, with Clostridium spp. comprising up to 96.2% of the mummified gut, while Turicibacter spp. represented 89.2% of the bacteria identified in the paleofeces. Microbiome profile of the paleofeces was unique when compared to previously characterized coprolites that did not undergo natural mummification. We identified DNA sequences homologous to Clostridium botulinum, Trypanosoma cruzi and human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Unexpectedly, putative antibiotic-resistance genes including beta-lactamases, penicillin-binding proteins, resistance to fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, macrolides, sulfa, quinolones, tetracycline and vancomycin, and multi-drug transporters, were also identified. The presence of putative antibiotic-resistance genes suggests that resistance may not necessarily be associated with a selective pressure of antibiotics or contact with European cultures. Identification of pathogens and antibiotic-resistance genes in ancient human specimens will aid in the understanding of the evolution of pathogens as a way to treat and prevent diseases caused by bacteria, microbial eukaryotes and viruses.
DC-Arc Models and Incident-Energy Calculations

There are many industrial applications of large-scale dc power systems, but only a limited amount of scientific literature addresses the modeling of dc arcs. Since the early dc-arc research focused on the arc as an illuminant, most of the early data was obtained from low-current dc systems. More recent publications provide a better understanding of the high-current dc arc. The dc-arc models reviewed in this paper cover a wide range of arcing situations and test conditions. Even with the test variations, a comparison of dc-arc resistance equations shows a fair degree of consistency in the formulations. A method for estimating incident energy for a dc arcing fault is developed based on a nonlinear arc resistance. Additional dc-arc testing is needed so that more accurate incident-energy models can be developed for dc arcs.
Trochlear dysplasia and the role of trochleoplasty.

The diagnosis and treatment of chronic patellar instability caused by trochlear dysplasia can be challenging. A dysplastic trochlea leads to biomechanical and kinematic changes that often require surgical correction when symptomatic. In the past, trochlear dysplasia was classified using the 4-part Dejour classification system. More recently, new classification systems have been proposed. Future studies are needed to investigate long-term outcomes after trochleoplasty.
Ultra-Dense Networks: A Survey

The exponential growth and availability of data in all forms is the main booster to the continuing evolution in the communications industry. The popularization of traffic-intensive applications including high definition video, 3-D visualization, augmented reality, wearable devices, and cloud computing defines a new era of mobile communications. The immense amount of traffic generated by today's customers requires a paradigm shift in all aspects of mobile networks. Ultradense network (UDN) is one of the leading ideas in this racetrack. In UDNs, the access nodes and/or the number of communication links per unit area are densified. In this paper, we provide a survey-style introduction to dense small cell networks. Moreover, we summarize and compare some of the recent achievements and research findings. We discuss the modeling techniques and the performance metrics widely used to model problems in UDN. Also, we present the enabling technologies for network densification in order to understand the state-of-the-art. We consider many research directions in this survey, namely, user association, interference management, energy efficiency, spectrum sharing, resource management, scheduling, backhauling, propagation modeling, and the economics of UDN deployment. Finally, we discuss the challenges and open problems to the researchers in the field or newcomers who aim to conduct research in this interesting and active area of research.
Parametric cost estimation based on activity-based costing : A case study for design and development of rotational parts

Modern manufacturing systems are facing a globally competitive market to an extent not experienced before. This competitive pressure forces manufacturers to produce more products with shorter life span and better quality, yet at a lower cost. To succeed in this environment, manufacturing firms need to have an accurate estimate of product design and development costs. This is especially important since the shorter life span of products accentuates design and development
UNDERSTANDING PLAYFUL USER EXPERIENCE THROUGH DIGITAL GAMES

It has been commonly acknowledged that the acceptance of a product depends on both its utilitarian and non-utilitarian properties. The non-utilitarian properties can elicit generally pleasurable and particularly playful experiences in the product’s users. Product design needs to improve the support of playful experiences in order to fit in with the users’ multi-faceted needs. However, designing for fun and pleasure is not an easy task, and there is an urgent need in user experience research and design practices to better understand the role of playfulness in overall user experience of the product. In this paper, we present an initial framework of playful experiences which are derived from studies in interactive art and videogames. We conducted a user study to verify that these experiences are valid. We interviewed 13 videogame players about their experiences with games and what triggers these experiences. The results indicate that the players are experiencing the videogames in many different ways which can be categorized using the framework. We propose that the framework could help the design of interactive products from an experience point of view and make them more engaging, attractive, and most importantly, more playful for the users.
A cognitive profile of individuals who tend to worship celebrities.

Celebrity worship is a form of parasocial interaction in which individuals become obsessed with 1 or more celebrities, similar to an erotomanic type of delusional disorder. Drawing on the cognitive factors implicated in erotomania, the authors hypothesized that celebrity worshippers might be expected to exhibit verbal, visuospatial, and cognitive deficits related to flexibility and associative learning. This general hypothesis was tested in a sample of 102 participants who completed the Celebrity Attitude Scale (L. E. McCutcheon, R. Lange, & J. Houran, 2002), the Entertainment-Social, Intense-Personal, and Borderline Pathological subscales, and 6 cognitive measures that included creativity (verbal), crystallized intelligence, critical thinking, spatial ability, and need for cognition. The results were consistent with predictions and suggest that cognitive deficits only help facilitate an individual's susceptibility to engage in celebrity worship. The results are discussed in terms of the multivariate absorption-addiction model of celebrity worship.
Media use and brain development during adolescence

The current generation of adolescents grows up in a media-saturated world. However, it is unclear how media influences the maturational trajectories of brain regions involved in social interactions. Here we review the neural development in adolescence and show how neuroscience can provide a deeper understanding of developmental sensitivities related to adolescents’ media use. We argue that adolescents are highly sensitive to acceptance and rejection through social media, and that their heightened emotional sensitivity and protracted development of reflective processing and cognitive control may make them specifically reactive to emotion-arousing media. This review illustrates how neuroscience may help understand the mutual influence of media and peers on adolescents’ well-being and opinion formation. The current generation of adolescents grows up in a media-saturated world. Here, Crone and Konijn review the neural development in adolescence and show how neuroscience can provide a deeper understanding of developmental sensitivities related to adolescents’ media use.
Double Microstrip-Slot Transitions for Broadband ${\pm} 90^{\circ}$ Microstrip Phase Shifters

The letter describes double microstrip-slot transitions for use in planar ± 90° phase shifters. The described devices exhibit broadband performance and offer compatibility with ordinary microstrip circuits. Full-wave EM simulation results show a phase shift of ± 90° ± 7° over the frequency band of 3.1-12.0 GHz when compared with a suitably chosen section of microstripline. The observed differential phase shift is accompanied by return losses of not less than 14 dB and insertion losses between 0.7 to 1.5 dB in the band 3.1-11.0 GHz. The simulated performance is confirmed by experimental results of ± 90° ± 8° phase shift, return loss not less than 14 dB and insertion loss between 0.5 and 1.8 dB in the frequency band of 3.1-11.0 GHz.
Why Men Commit Crimes ( and Why They Desist ) *

Hirschi and Gottfredson (1983) claim that the relationship between age and crime is similar in all social and cultural conditions and that no current sociological or criminological theory can account for this similarity. We introduce the new field of evolutionary psychology and extend Daly and Wilson’s (1988) work on homicide to construct a general theory of male criminality, which explains why men commit violent and property crimes. The theory can also explain the age-crime curve. It might also account for some empirical anomalies such as why physically smaller boys are more delinquent, and why violent criminals desist more slowly.
Enhancing cache robustness for content-centric networking

With the advent of content-centric networking (CCN) where contents can be cached on each CCN router, cache robustness will soon emerge as a serious concern for CCN deployment. Previous studies on cache pollution attacks only focus on a single cache server. The question of how caching will behave over a general caching network such as CCN under cache pollution attacks has never been answered. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme called CacheShield for enhancing cache robustness. CacheShield is simple, easy-to-deploy, and applicable to any popular cache replacement policy. CacheShield can effectively improve cache performance under normal circumstances, and more importantly, shield CCN routers from cache pollution attacks. Extensive simulations including trace-driven simulations demonstrate that CacheShield is effective for both CCN and today's cache servers. We also study the impact of cache pollution attacks on CCN and reveal several new observations on how different attack scenarios can affect cache hit ratios unexpectedly.
A FRAMEWORK OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR CROP PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT

Crop pest and disease diagnosis are amongst important issues arising in the agriculture sector since it has significant impacts on the production of agriculture for a nation. The applying of expert system technology for crop pest and disease diagnosis has the potential to quicken and improve advisory matters. However, the development of an expert system in relation to diagnosing pest and disease problems of a certain crop as well as other identical research works remains limited. Therefore, this study investigated the use of expert systems in managing crop pest and disease of selected published works. This article aims to identify and explain the trends of methodologies used by those works. As a result, a conceptual framework for managing crop pest and disease was proposed on basis of the selected previous works. This article is hoped to relatively benefit the growth of research works pertaining to the development of an expert system especially for managing crop pest and disease in the agriculture domain.
The effectiveness of health coaching, home blood pressure monitoring, and home-titration in controlling hypertension among low-income patients: protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Despite the many antihypertensive medications available, two-thirds of patients with hypertension do not achieve blood pressure control. This is thought to be due to a combination of poor patient education, poor medication adherence, and "clinical inertia." The present trial evaluates an intervention consisting of health coaching, home blood pressure monitoring, and home medication titration as a method to address these three causes of poor hypertension control.



The randomized controlled trial will include 300 patients with poorly controlled hypertension. Participants will be recruited from a primary care clinic in a teaching hospital that primarily serves low-income populations.An intervention group of 150 participants will receive health coaching, home blood pressure monitoring, and home-titration of antihypertensive medications during 6 months. The control group (n=150) will receive health coaching plus home blood pressure monitoring for the same duration. A passive control group will receive usual care. Blood pressure measurements will take place at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome will be change in systolic blood pressure after 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcomes measured will be change in diastolic blood pressure, adverse events, and patient and provider satisfaction.



The present study is designed to assess whether the 3-pronged approach of health coaching, home blood pressure monitoring, and home medication titration can successfully improve blood pressure, and if so, whether this effect persists beyond the period of the intervention.
Development of wireless power transfer system for robot arm with rotary and linear movement

Warehouse automation systems that use robots to save human labor are becoming increasingly common. In a previous study, a picking system using a multi-joint type robot was developed. However, articulated robots are not ideal in warehouse scenarios, since inter-shelf space can limit their freedom of motion. Although the use of linear motion-type robots has been suggested as a solution, their drawback is that an additional cable carrier is needed. The authors therefore propose a new configuration for a robot manipulator that uses wireless power transmission (WPT), which delivers power without physical contact except at the base of the robot arm. We describe here a WPT circuit design suitable for rotating and sliding-arm mechanisms. Overall energy efficiency was confirmed to be 92.0%.
Recent Developments in Numerical Methods for Fully Nonlinear Second Order Partial Differential Equations

This article surveys the recent developments in computational methods for second order fully nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), a relatively new subarea within numerical PDEs. Due to their ever increasing importance in mathematics itself (e.g., differential geometry and PDEs) and in many scientific and engineering fields (e.g., astrophysics, geostrophic fluid dynamics, grid generation, image processing, optimal transport, meteorology, mathematical finance, and optimal control), numerical solutions to fully nonlinear second order PDEs have garnered a great deal of interest from the numerical PDE and scientific communities. Significant progress has been made for this class of problems in the past few years, but many problems still remain open. This article intends to introduce these current advancements and new results to the SIAM community and generate more interest in numerical methods for fully nonlinear PDEs.
SDF-TAR: Parallel Tracking and Refinement in RGB-D Data using Volumetric Registration

This paper introduces SDF-TAR: a real-time SLAM system based on volumetric registration in RGB-D data. While the camera is tracked online on the GPU, the most recently estimated poses are jointly refined on the CPU. We perform registration by aligning the data in limited-extent volumes anchored at salient 3D locations. This strategy permits efficient tracking on the GPU. Furthermore, the small memory load of the partial volumes allows for pose refinement to be done concurrently on the CPU. This refinement is performed over batches of a fixed number of frames, which are jointly optimized until the next batch becomes available. Thus drift is reduced during online operation, eliminating the need for any posterior processing. Evaluating on two public benchmarks, we demonstrate improved rotational motion estimation and higher reconstruction precision than related methods.
A Simple Proof of the Existence of a Planar Separator

vertices from a planar graph with n vertices and break it into “significantly” smaller parts. It is widely used in algorithms to facilitate efficient divide and conquer schemes on planar graphs. For further details on planar separators and their applications, see Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planar_separator_theorem). Here, we present a simple proof of the planar separator theorem. Most of the main ingredients of the proof are present in earlier work on this problem; see Miller et al. [MTTV97], Smith and Wormald [SW98], and Chan [Cha03]. Furthermore, the constants in the separator we get are inferior to known constructions [AST94]. Nevertheless, the new proof is relatively self contained and (arguably) significantly simpler than previous proofs. In particular, we prove the following version of the planar separator theorem.
Open source HEVC analyzer for rapid prototyping (HARP)

The design of new HEVC extensions comes with the need for careful analysis of internal HEVC codec decisions. Several bitstream analyzers have evolved for this purpose and provide a visualization of encoder decisions as seen from a decoder viewpoint. None of the existing solutions is able to provide actual insight into the encoder and its RDO decision process. With one exception, all solutions are closed source and make adaption of their code to specific implementation needs impossible. Overall, development with the HM code base remains a time-consuming task. Here, we present the HEVC Analyzer for Rapid Prototyping (HARP), which directly addresses the above issues and is freely available under www.lms.lnt.de/HARP.
A variable buoyancy system and a recovery system developed for a deep-sea AUV Qianlong I

As a new generation of deep-sea Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), Qianlong I is a 6000m rated glass deep-sea manganese nodules detection AUV which based on the CR01 and the CR02 deep-sea AUVs and developed by Shenyang Institute of Automation, the Chinese Academy of Sciences from 2010. The Qianlong I was tested in the thousand-isles lake in Zhejiang Province of China during November 2012 to March 2013 and the sea trials were conducted in the South China Sea during April 20-May 2, 2013 after the lake tests and the ocean application completed in October 2013. This paper describes two key problems encountered in the process of developing Qianlong I, including the launch and recovery systems development and variable buoyancy system development. Results from the recent lake and sea trails are presented, and future missions and development plans are discussed.
A Sub 1-V Constant $G_{m}$– $C$ Switched-Capacitor Current Source

A switched-capacitor bias that provides a constant Gm-C characteristic over process and temperature variation is presented. The bias can be adapted for use with subthreshold circuits, or circuits in strong inversion. It uses eight transistors, five switches, and three capacitors, and performs with supply voltages less than 0.9 V. Theoretical output current is derived, and stability analysis is performed. Simulated results showing an op-amp with very consistent pulse response are presented
Hot water bottles and diabetic patients--a cautionary tale.

bottle under his left foot. He woke up one morning and noticed burns on the lateral aspect of the foot. He did not seek any medical help and chose to dress the burn himself. After 2 weeks he noticed a foul smelling discharge from the wound and went to the Accident and Emergency (A&E) department. He was subsequently referred to our hospital department of plastic surgery. On examination he had a large burn on the lateral aspect of the left foot with a thick leathery eschar, which was starting to separate. There was also purulent discharge from the wound, as well as surrounding erythema . He was treated with antibiotics and dressings and was taken to the operating theatre after a few days for debridement of the burn and split skin grafting. The graft was inspected after 5 days and was found to have taken well. The second patient was a 57-year-old man with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, who was taking metformin and rosiglitazone and who also had peripheral neuropathy to both feet. He stated that he had not received any specific advice about avoiding accidental injuries to insensate body parts. He used a hot water bottle filled with water from a kettle for warming his feet. He had slept with the bottle between his feet and woke up one morning to notice burns over both feet. He went to the nearest A&E department and was referred to our unit subsequently. On examination he had burns over the lateral aspect of his left foot and the medial aspect of his Rajive Mathew Jose, Ramesh Vidyadharan, Deb Kumar Roy and Matt Erdmann
BFT Selection

One-size-fits-all protocols are hard to achieve in Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT). As an alternative, BFT users, e.g., enterprises, need an easy and efficient method to choose the most convenient protocol that matches their preferences best. The various BFT protocols that have been proposed so far differ significantly in their characteristics and performance which makes choosing the ‘preferred’ protocol hard. In addition, if the state of the deployed system is too fluctuating, then perhaps using multiple protocols at once is needed; this requires a dynamic selection mechanism to move from one protocol to another. In this paper, we present the first BFT selection model and algorithm that can be used to choose the most convenient protocol according to user preferences. The selection algorithm applies some mathematical formulas to make the selection process easy and automatic. The algorithm operates in three modes: Static, Dynamic, and Heuristic. The Static mode addresses the cases where a single protocol is needed; the Dynamic mode assumes that the system conditions are quite fluctuating and thus requires runtime decisions, and the Heuristic mode is similar to the Dynamic mode but it uses additional heuristics to improve user choices. We give some examples to describe how selection occurs. We show that our approach is automated, easy, and yields reasonable results that match reality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that addresses selection in BFT.