nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-Band Wearable Textile Antenna on an EBG Substrate

Performance of a dual-band coplanar patch antenna integrated with an electromagnetic band gap substrate is described. The antenna structure is made from common clothing fabrics and operates at the 2.45 and 5 GHz wireless bands. The design of the coplanar antenna, band gap substrate, and their integration is presented. The band gap array consists of just 3 times 3 elements but reduces radiation into the body by over 10 dB and improves the antenna gain by 3 dB. The performance of the antenna under bending conditions and when placed on the human body are presented.
DHCC: Divisive hierarchical clustering of categorical data

Clustering categorical data poses two challenges defining an inherently meaningful similarity measure, and effectively dealing with clusters which are often embedded in different subspaces. In this paper, we propose a novel divisive hierarchical clustering algorithm for categorical data, named DHCC. We view the task of clustering categorical data from an optimization perspective, and propose effective procedures to initialize and refine the splitting of clusters. The initialization of the splitting is based on multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). We also devise a strategy for deciding when to terminate the splitting process. The proposed algorithm has five merits. First, due to its hierarchical nature, our algorithm yields a dendrogram representing nested groupings of patterns and similarity levels at different granularities. Second, it is parameter-free, fully automatic and, in particular, requires no assumption regarding the number of clusters. Third, it is independent of the order in which the data is processed. Fourth, it is scalable to large data sets. And finally, our algorithm is capable of seamlessly discovering clusters embedded in subspaces, thanks to its use of a novel data representation and Chi-square dissimilarity measures. Experiments on both synthetic and real data demonstrate the superior performance of our algorithm.
DEVELOPMENT OF FOUR WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM FOR A CAR

Production cars are designed to understeer and rarely do they oversteer. If a car could automatically compensate for an understeer/oversteer problem, the driver would enjoy nearly neutral steering under varying operating conditions. Four-wheel steering is a serious effort on the part of automotive design engineers to provide near-neutral steering. Also in situations like low speed cornering, vehicle parking and driving in city conditions with heavy traffic in tight spaces, driving would be very difficult due to vehicle’s larger wheelbase and track width. Hence there is a requirement of a mechanism which result in less turning radius and it can be achieved by implementing four wheel steering mechanism instead of regular two wheel steering. In this project Maruti Suzuki 800 is considered as a benchmark vehicle. The main aim of this project is to turn the rear wheels out of phase to the front wheels. In order to achieve this, a mechanism which consists of two bevel gears and intermediate shaft which transmit 100% torque as well turns rear wheels in out of phase was developed. The mechanism was modelled using CATIA and the motion simulation was done using ADAMS. A physical prototype was realised. The prototype was tested for its cornering ability through constant radius test and was found 50% reduction in turning radius and the vehicle was operated at low speed of 10 kmph.
Exploiting geographical influence for collaborative point-of-interest recommendation

In this paper, we aim to provide a point-of-interests (POI) recommendation service for the rapid growing location-based social networks (LBSNs), e.g., Foursquare, Whrrl, etc. Our idea is to explore user preference, social influence and geographical influence for POI recommendations. In addition to deriving user preference based on user-based collaborative filtering and exploring social influence from friends, we put a special emphasis on geographical influence due to the spatial clustering phenomenon exhibited in user check-in activities of LBSNs. We argue that the geographical influence among POIs plays an important role in user check-in behaviors and model it by power law distribution. Accordingly, we develop a collaborative recommendation algorithm based on geographical influence based on naive Bayesian. Furthermore, we propose a unified POI recommendation framework, which fuses user preference to a POI with social influence and geographical influence. Finally, we conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation over two large-scale datasets collected from Foursquare and Whrrl. Experimental results with these real datasets show that the unified collaborative recommendation approach significantly outperforms a wide spectrum of alternative recommendation approaches.
Core techniques of question answering systems over knowledge bases: a survey

The Semantic Web contains an enormous amount of information in the form of knowledge bases (KB). To make this information available, many question answering (QA) systems over KBs were created in the last years. Building a QA system over KBs is difficult because there are many different challenges to be solved. In order to address these challenges, QA systems generally combine techniques from natural language processing, information retrieval, machine learning and Semantic Web. The aim of this survey is to give an overview of the techniques used in current QA systems over KBs. We present the techniques used by the QA systems which were evaluated on a popular series of benchmarks: Question Answering over Linked Data. Techniques that solve the same task are first grouped together and then described. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed for each technique. This allows a direct comparison of similar techniques. Additionally, we point to techniques that are used over WebQuestions and SimpleQuestions, which are two other popular benchmarks for QA systems.
DeSTNet: Densely Fused Spatial Transformer Networks

Modern Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are extremely powerful on a range of computer vision tasks. However, their performance may degrade when the data is characterised by large intra-class variability caused by spatial transformations. The Spatial Transformer Network (STN) is currently the method of choice for providing CNNs the ability to remove those transformations and improve performance in an end-to-end learning framework. In this paper, we propose Densely Fused Spatial Transformer Network (DeSTNet), which, to our best knowledge, is the first dense fusion pattern for combining multiple STNs. Specifically, we show how changing the connectivity pattern of multiple STNs from sequential to dense leads to more powerful alignment modules. Extensive experiments on three benchmarks namely, MNIST, GTSRB, and IDocDB show that the proposed technique outperforms related state-of-the-art methods (i.e., STNs and CSTNs) both in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Virtual reality training improves operating room performance: results of a randomized, double-blinded study.

To demonstrate that virtual reality (VR) training transfers technical skills to the operating room (OR) environment.



The use of VR surgical simulation to train skills and reduce error risk in the OR has never been demonstrated in a prospective, randomized, blinded study.



Sixteen surgical residents (PGY 1-4) had baseline psychomotor abilities assessed, then were randomized to either VR training (MIST VR simulator diathermy task) until expert criterion levels established by experienced laparoscopists were achieved (n = 8), or control non-VR-trained (n = 8). All subjects performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy with an attending surgeon blinded to training status. Videotapes of gallbladder dissection were reviewed independently by two investigators blinded to subject identity and training, and scored for eight predefined errors for each procedure minute (interrater reliability of error assessment r > 0.80).



No differences in baseline assessments were found between groups. Gallbladder dissection was 29% faster for VR-trained residents. Non-VR-trained residents were nine times more likely to transiently fail to make progress (P <.007, Mann-Whitney test) and five times more likely to injure the gallbladder or burn nontarget tissue (chi-square = 4.27, P <.04). Mean errors were six times less likely to occur in the VR-trained group (1.19 vs. 7.38 errors per case; P <.008, Mann-Whitney test).



The use of VR surgical simulation to reach specific target criteria significantly improved the OR performance of residents during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This validation of transfer of training skills from VR to OR sets the stage for more sophisticated uses of VR in assessment, training, error reduction, and certification of surgeons.
Development of eating behaviors among children and adolescents.

The prevalence of obesity among children is high and is increasing. We know that obesity runs in families, with children of obese parents at greater risk of developing obesity than children of thin parents. Research on genetic factors in obesity has provided us with estimates of the proportion of the variance in a population accounted for by genetic factors. However, this research does not provide information regarding individual development. To design effective preventive interventions, research is needed to delineate how genetics and environmental factors interact in the etiology of childhood obesity. Addressing this question is especially challenging because parents provide both genes and environment for children. An enormous amount of learning about food and eating occurs during the transition from the exclusive milk diet of infancy to the omnivore's diet consumed by early childhood. This early learning is constrained by children's genetic predispositions, which include the unlearned preference for sweet tastes, salty tastes, and the rejection of sour and bitter tastes. Children also are predisposed to reject new foods and to learn associations between foods' flavors and the postingestive consequences of eating. Evidence suggests that children can respond to the energy density of the diet and that although intake at individual meals is erratic, 24-hour energy intake is relatively well regulated. There are individual differences in the regulation of energy intake as early as the preschool period. These individual differences in self-regulation are associated with differences in child-feeding practices and with children's adiposity. This suggests that child-feeding practices have the potential to affect children's energy balance via altering patterns of intake. Initial evidence indicates that imposition of stringent parental controls can potentiate preferences for high-fat, energy-dense foods, limit children's acceptance of a variety of foods, and disrupt children's regulation of energy intake by altering children's responsiveness to internal cues of hunger and satiety. This can occur when well-intended but concerned parents assume that children need help in determining what, when, and how much to eat and when parents impose child-feeding practices that provide children with few opportunities for self-control. Implications of these findings for preventive interventions are discussed.
The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse.

Surveys of child sexual abuse in large nonclinical populations of adults have been conducted in at least 19 countries in addition to the United States and Canada, including 10 national probability samples. All studies have found rates in line with comparable North American research, ranging from 7% to 36% for women and 3% to 29% for men. Most studies found females to be abused at 1 1/2 to 3 times the rate for males. Few comparisons among countries are possible because of methodological and definitional differences. However, they clearly confirm sexual abuse to be an international problem.
THREE : SORTING OUT THE APPLES , PEARS AND FRUIT SALADS IN INCUBATOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

Incubators are becoming a ubiquitous phenomenon in many parts of the world since they are regarded as solutions to increase the birth rates of technology-based enterprises. Considering the large amounts of money invested in incubators, the identification of best practices is of importance. This requires performance comparisons between incubators using different incubator models. The aim of the paper is twofold: (1) to sort out the key concepts and identify some of the problems inherent in the evaluation and comparison of incubator performance and leading to “apple-and-pear” comparisons and (2) to develop a framework that can serve as a basis for identifying best practice incubator models. We argue that it is necessary to take goal differences between incubators into account if performance instead of outcome is to be measured. Further, we identify the need to distinguish different incubator model from each other. We put forward a framework in which differences with regard to three key incubator model components are emphasised: selection strategies, business support strategies and mediation. Future research includes the empirical testing of this framework. If it proves to be generally useful, it will be applied in best practice studies.  The concept of ‘incubator’ is often used as an overall denomination for organisations that constitute or create a supportive environment that is conducive to the “hatching” and development of new firms (Chan and Lau, 2005; LindholmDahlstrand and Klofsten, 2002; Lyons and Li, 2003; VINNOVA, 2004). Such incubators are becoming a ubiquitous phenomenon in many parts of the world. Policy makers on national and local levels have come to view them as a tool for promoting the emergence of new technology-based growth firms, economic development and innovativeness. They are used as vitamin injections for ‘tired’ regions and as contraction-stimulators or painkillers in the birth of university spin-offs. Considering the great credence for – and the large amounts of money invested in – incubators by governments, universities, research institutions, municipal agencies and other interested parties, the question of what return society gets on these investments has been raised. An important research issue has, therefore, been to describe the ‘value-added’ of incubators in comparison to other business environments, i.e. their unique contribution to new venture development, survival and growth and entrepreneurship (Chan and Lau, 2005; Phan et al., 2005):
Gatekeeping , Indexing , and Live-Event News : Is Technology Altering the Construction of News ?

We are interested in event-driven news, defined as coverage of activities that are, at least at their initial occurrence, spontaneous and unmanaged by officials within institutional settings. Most news most of the time has its origins in official proceedings and pronouncements. That may be changing. We want to know if event-driven news stories, facilitated by technological advancements such as the videophone, are becoming more numerous, and if they are changing the reliance of journalists on officials in selecting and cueing their political content. In particular, we are interested in coverage of international events as an interesting test of whether technological changes are liberating journalists to report far flung world developments with more emphasis on live feeds and less emphasis on officials in highly managed institutional settings providing the framing. An alternative hypothesis suggests that even if live event coverage is on the rise, journalists may quickly bring officials into the news frame, continuing the familiar gatekeeping practice of “officiating” (news management and cueing) those live events. We find that event-driven news stories are indeed more common, but that officials seem to be as much a part of the news as ever. When an unpredicted, nonscripted, spontaneous event is covered in the news, the one predictable component of coverage remains official sources.
Implementation of Image Registration Techniques and its Applications in Medical Image Analysis

This paper aims to classify and analyze recent as well as classic image registration techniques. Image registration is the process of super imposing images of the same scene taken at different times, location and by different sensors. It is a key enabling technology in medical image analysis for integrating and analyzing information from various modalities. Basically image registration finds temporal correspondences between the set of images and uses transformation model to infer features from these correspondences.The approaches for image registration can beclassified according to their nature vizarea-based and feature-based and dimensionalityvizspatial domain and frequency domain. The procedure of image registration by intensity based model, spatial domain transform, Rigid transform and Non rigid transform based on the above mentioned classification has been performed and the eminence of image is measured by the three quality parameters such as SNR, PSNR and MSE. The techniques have been implemented and inferred thatthe non-rigid transform exhibit higher perceptual quality and offer visually sharper image than other techniques.Problematic issues of image registration techniques and outlook for the future research are discussed. This work may be one of the comprehensive reference sources for the researchers involved in image registration.
A PRECISE CALCULATION OF THE FEIGENBAUM CONSTANTS

The Feigenbaum constants arise in the theory of iteration of real functions. We calculate here to high precision the constants a and S associated with period-doubling bifurcations for maps with a single maximum of order z , for 2 < z < 12. Multiple-precision floating-point techniques are used to find a solution of Feigenbaum's functional equation, and hence the constants. 1. History Consider the iteration of the function (1) fßZ(x) = l-p\x\z, z>0; that is, the sequence (2) *(+i =/„,*(*/)> i'=l,2,...; x0 = 0. In 1979 Feigenbaum  observed that there exist bifurcations in the set of limit points of (2) (that is, in the set of all points which are the limit of some infinite subsequence) as the parameter p is increased for fixed z. Roughly speaking, if the sequence (2) is asymptotically periodic with period p for a particular parameter value p (that is, there exists a stable p-cycle), then as p is increased, the period will be observed to double, so that a stable 2/>cycle appears. We denote the critical /¿-value at which the 2J cycle first appears by Pj. Feigenbaum also conjectured that there exist certain "universal" scaling constants associated with these bifurcations. Specifically, (3) «5 = lim ZlZJhzi 7-00 pJ+x ftj exists, and ô2 is about 4.669. Similarly, if rf. is the value of the nearest cycle element to 0 in the 2J cycle, then (4) az = lim y;-oo dJ+x exists, and a2 is about -2.503 .  1989; revised September 10, 1990.
Mobile Edge Computing

Dieser Beitrag beschreibt eine neuartige Mobilfunktechnologie, mit der sich innovative und besonders latenzsensitive Dienste in Mobilfunknetzen realisieren lassen. Dieser Artikel geht auf die technischen Eigenschaften der sogenannten Mobile Edge Computing-Technologie ein und beschreibt deren Architektur und Integrationsmöglichkeiten. Ferner werden konkrete – sowohl angedachte als auch bereits realisierte – Beispiele und Szenarien vorgestellt, die durch den Einsatz der Mobile Edge Computing-Technologie ermöglicht werden.
Regional Grey Matter Structure Differences between Transsexuals and Healthy Controls—A Voxel Based Morphometry Study

Gender identity disorder (GID) refers to transsexual individuals who feel that their assigned biological gender is incongruent with their gender identity and this cannot be explained by any physical intersex condition. There is growing scientific interest in the last decades in studying the neuroanatomy and brain functions of transsexual individuals to better understand both the neuroanatomical features of transsexualism and the background of gender identity. So far, results are inconclusive but in general, transsexualism has been associated with a distinct neuroanatomical pattern. Studies mainly focused on male to female (MTF) transsexuals and there is scarcity of data acquired on female to male (FTM) transsexuals. Thus, our aim was to analyze structural MRI data with voxel based morphometry (VBM) obtained from both FTM and MTF transsexuals (n = 17) and compare them to the data of 18 age matched healthy control subjects (both males and females). We found differences in the regional grey matter (GM) structure of transsexual compared with control subjects, independent from their biological gender, in the cerebellum, the left angular gyrus and in the left inferior parietal lobule. Additionally, our findings showed that in several brain areas, regarding their GM volume, transsexual subjects did not differ significantly from controls sharing their gender identity but were different from those sharing their biological gender (areas in the left and right precentral gyri, the left postcentral gyrus, the left posterior cingulate, precuneus and calcarinus, the right cuneus, the right fusiform, lingual, middle and inferior occipital, and inferior temporal gyri). These results support the notion that structural brain differences exist between transsexual and healthy control subjects and that majority of these structural differences are dependent on the biological gender.
Dynamic wind loads and wake characteristics of a wind turbine model in an atmospheric boundary layer wind

An experimental study was conducted to characterize the dynamic wind loads and evolution of the unsteady vortex and turbulent flow structures in the near wake of a horizontal axis wind turbine model placed in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. In addition to measuring dynamic wind loads (i.e., aerodynamic forces and bending moments) acting on the wind turbine model by using a high-sensitive force-moment sensor unit, a highresolution digital particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was used to achieve flow field measurements to quantify the characteristics of the turbulent vortex flow in the near wake of the wind turbine model. Besides conducting ‘‘freerun’’ PIV measurements to determine the ensemble-averaged statistics of the flow quantities such as mean velocity, Reynolds stress, and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) distributions in the wake flow, ‘‘phase-locked’’ PIV measurements were also performed to elucidate further details about evolution of the unsteady vortex structures in the wake flow in relation to the position of the rotating turbine blades. The effects of the tip-speed-ratio of the wind turbine model on the dynamic wind loads and wake flow characteristics were quantified in the terms of the variations of the aerodynamic thrust and bending moment coefficients of the wind turbine model, the evolution of the helical tip vortices and the unsteady vortices shedding from the blade roots and turbine nacelle, the deceleration of the incoming airflows after passing the rotation disk of the turbine blades, the TKE and Reynolds stress distributions in the near wake of the wind turbine model. The detailed flow field measurements were correlated with the dynamic wind load measurements to elucidate underlying physics in order to gain further insight into the characteristics of the dynamic wind loads and turbulent vortex flows in the wakes of wind turbines for the optimal design of the wind turbines operating in atmospheric boundary layer winds.