nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on Convergence of Robot Path Planning Based on LCS

( 南京理工大学 计算机学院 江苏 南京 210094 ) E_mail:sj012328@163.com 摘要:基于学习分类器集成算法,设计了在动态环境下的适应度函数,在理论上推导并证明了集成算法的收敛性,为本文提出的路 径规划算法的收敛提供了理论保证。仿真实验结果也表明遗传算法和学习分类器结合用于机器人的路径规划是收敛的,遗传算法的 早熟收敛和收敛速度慢两大难题也得到很大改善。 关键词:路径规划 机器人 学习分类器 收敛性 Research on convergence of robot path planning based on LCS Jie Shao Jing yu Yang (School of computer Science Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 )  A path planning algorithm of robot is proposed based on ensemble algorithm of the learning classifier system, which design fitness function in dynamic environment. The paper derived and proved that ensemble algorithm is convergence and provided a theoretical guarantee for the path planning algorithm. Simulation results also showed that genetic algorithms and learning classifier system combination for robot path planning is effective. Two major problems of the GA premature convergence and slow convergence have been significantly improved.  Path Planning Robot Learning classifier system convergence
Chronic Constipation with Megacolon

A 61-year-old female with long-standing constipation presented with increasing abdominal distention, pain, nausea and weight loss. She had been previously treated with intermittent fiber supplements and osmotic laxatives for chronic constipation. She did not use medications known to cause delayed bowel transit. Examination revealed a distended abdomen, hard stool in the rectum, and audible heart sounds throughout the abdomen. A CT scan showed severe colonic distention from stool . She had no mechanical, infectious, metabolic, or endocrine-related etiology for constipation. After failing conservative management including laxative suppositories, enemas, manual disimpaction, methylnaltrexone and neostigmine, the patient underwent a colectomy with Hartmann pouch and terminal ileostomy. The removed colon measured 25.5 cm in largest diameter and weighed over 15 kg . The histopathological examination demonstrated no neuronal degeneration, apoptosis or agangliosis to suggest Hirschprung’s disease or another intrinsic neuro-muscular disorder. Idiopathic megacolon is a relatively uncommon condition usually associated with slow-transit constipation. Although medical therapy is frequently ineffective, rectal laxatives, gentle enemas, and manual disimpaction can be attempted. Oral osmotic or secretory laxatives as well as unprepped lower endoscopy are relative contraindications as they may precipitate a perforation. Surgical therapy is often required as most cases are refractory to medical therapy.
LORIS: a web-based data management system for multi-center studies

Longitudinal Online Research and Imaging System (LORIS) is a modular and extensible web-based data management system that integrates all aspects of a multi-center study: from heterogeneous data acquisition (imaging, clinical, behavior, and genetics) to storage, processing, and ultimately dissemination. It provides a secure, user-friendly, and streamlined platform to automate the flow of clinical trials and complex multi-center studies. A subject-centric internal organization allows researchers to capture and subsequently extract all information, longitudinal or cross-sectional, from any subset of the study cohort. Extensive error-checking and quality control procedures, security, data management, data querying, and administrative functions provide LORIS with a triple capability (1) continuous project coordination and monitoring of data acquisition (2) data storage/cleaning/querying, (3) interface with arbitrary external data processing "pipelines." LORIS is a complete solution that has been thoroughly tested through a full 10 year life cycle of a multi-center longitudinal project and is now supporting numerous international neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration research projects.
Marginal Zone B-Cells, a Gatekeeper of Innate Immunity

To maintain the integrity of an organism constantly challenged by pathogens, the immune system is endowed with a variety of cell types. B lymphocytes were initially thought to only play a role in the adaptive branch of immunity. However, a number of converging observations revealed that two B-cell subsets, marginal zone (MZ) and B1 cells, exhibit unique developmental and functional characteristics, and can contribute to innate immune responses. In addition to their capacity to mount a local antibody response against type-2 T-cell-independent (TI-2) antigens, MZ B-cells can participate to T-cell-dependent (TD) immune responses through the capture and import of blood-borne antigens to follicular areas of the spleen. Here, we discuss the multiple roles of MZ B-cells in humans, non-human primates, and rodents. We also summarize studies - performed in transgenic mice expressing fully human antibodies on their B-cells and in macaques whose infection with Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) represents a suitable model for HIV-1 infection in humans - showing that infectious agents have developed strategies to subvert MZ B-cell functions. In these two experimental models, we observed that two microbial superantigens for B-cells (protein A from Staphylococcus aureus and protein L from Peptostreptococcus magnus) as well as inactivated AT-2 virions of HIV-1 and infectious SIV preferentially deplete innate-like B-cells - MZ B-cells and/or B1 B-cells - with different consequences on TI and TD antibody responses. These data revealed that viruses and bacteria have developed strategies to deplete innate-like B-cells during the acute phase of infection and to impair the antibody response. Unraveling the intimate mechanisms responsible for targeting MZ B-cells in humans will be important for understanding disease pathogenesis and for designing novel vaccine strategies.
DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration

DrugBank is a unique bioinformatics/cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. protein) information. The database contains >4100 drug entries including >800 FDA approved small molecule and biotech drugs as well as >3200 experimental drugs. Additionally, >14,000 protein or drug target sequences are linked to these drug entries. Each DrugCard entry contains >80 data fields with half of the information being devoted to drug/chemical data and the other half devoted to drug target or protein data. Many data fields are hyperlinked to other databases (KEGG, PubChem, ChEBI, PDB, Swiss-Prot and GenBank) and a variety of structure viewing applets. The database is fully searchable supporting extensive text, sequence, chemical structure and relational query searches. Potential applications of DrugBank include in silico drug target discovery, drug design, drug docking or screening, drug metabolism prediction, drug interaction prediction and general pharmaceutical education. DrugBank is available at
Green HetNet CoMP: Energy Efficiency Analysis and Optimization

This paper investigates advanced energy-efficient wireless systems in orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) downlink networks using coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmissions between the base stations (BSs) in a heterogeneous network (HetNet), which is adopted by Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced to meet International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced targets. HetNet CoMP has received significant attention as a way of achieving spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). Usually, in the literature, the total network power consumption is restricted to the sum of the power consumption of all BSs. The significance of the power consumption of the backhaul links in wireless networks is normally omitted for its trivial effect with respect to that of the radio BSs. For SE and EE analysis of HetNet CoMP, the energy and bandwidth consumption of the backhaul is considered, without which, the investigation remains incomplete. However, SE and EE are design criteria in conflict with each other, and a careful study of their tradeoff is mandatory for designing future wireless communication systems. The EE is measured as “throughput (bits) per joule,” whereas the power consumption model includes RF transmit (radiated), circuit, and backhaul power. Furthermore, a nonideal backhaul model such as a microwave link is also investigated within intra-HetNet-CoMP (inside one cell), where an implementing fiber is not feasible. An intercell interference (ICI) coordination method is also studied to mitigate ICI. At the end, a novel resource allocation algorithm is proposed-modeled as an optimization problem - which takes into account the total power consumption, including radiated, circuit, and backhaul power, and the minimum required data rate to maximize EE. Given an SE requirement, the EE optimization problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem. The considered optimization problem is transformed into a convex optimization problem by redefining the constraint using cubic inequality, which results in an efficient iterative resource allocation algorithm. In each iteration, the transformed problem is solved by using dual decomposition with a projected gradient method. Simulations results demonstrate how backhaul has a significant impact on total power consumption and the effectiveness of the studied schemes. In addition, the results demonstrate that the proposed iterative resource allocation algorithm converges within a small number of iterations and illustrate the fundamental tradeoffs between SE and EE. Our analytical results shed light on future “green” network planning in advanced OFDMA wireless systems like those envisioned for a fifth-generation (5G) system.
A parent questionnaire for developmental screening in infants born late and moderately preterm.

The Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised (PARCA-R) is a questionnaire for assessing cognitive and language development in very preterm infants. Given the increased risk of developmental delay in infants born late and moderately preterm (LMPT; 32-36 weeks), this study aimed to validate this questionnaire as a screening tool in this population.



Parents of 219 children born LMPT completed the PARCA-R questionnaire and the Brief Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment when children were 24 months corrected age (range, 24 months-27 months). The children were subsequently assessed by using the cognitive and language scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III).



An average Bayley-III, cognitive and language (CB-III) score and a total PARCA-R Parent Report Composite (PRC) score were computed. There was a large association between PRC and CB-III scores (r = 0.66, P < .001) indicating good concurrent validity. Using Youden index, the optimum PARCA-R cutoff for identifying children with moderate/severe developmental delay (CB-III scores < 80) was PRC scores < 73. This gave sensitivity 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.75-1.00) and specificity 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.70-0.82), indicating good diagnostic utility. Approximately two-thirds of the children who had a PRC score < 73 had false-positive screens. However, these children had significantly poorer cognitive and behavioral outcomes than children with true negative screens.



The PARCA-R has good concurrent validity with a gold standard developmental test and can be used to identify LMPT infants who may benefit from a clinical assessment. The PARCA-R has potential for clinical use as a first-line cognitive screening tool for this sizeable population of infants in whom follow-up may be beneficial.
Globalizing selectively: Shared-memory efficiency with address-space separation

It has become common for MPI-based applications to run on shared-memory machines. However, MPI semantics do not allow leveraging shared memory fully for communication between processes from within the MPI library. This paper presents an approach that combines compiler transformations with a specialized runtime system to achieve zero-copy communication whenever possible by proving certain properties statically and globalizing data selectively by altering the allocation and deallocation of communication buffers. The runtime system provides dynamic optimization, when such proofs are not possible statically, by copying data only when there are write-write or read-write conflicts. We implemented a prototype compiler, using ROSE, and evaluated it on several benchmarks. Our system produces code that performs better than MPI in most cases and no worse than MPI, tuned for shared memory, in all cases.
Constructing a vertical knowledge graph for non-traditional machining industry

Knowledge graph is powerful tool for knowledge based engineering. In this paper, a vertical knowledge graph is proposed for the non-traditional machining. Firstly, the definition and classification of the knowledge graph are proposed. Then, the construct flow and key techniques are discussed in details for the construction of vertical knowledge graph. Finally, a vertical knowledge graph of EDM (electrical discharge matching) is proposed as a case study to illustrate the feasibility of this method.
Latent Support Measure Machines for Bag-of-Words Data Classification

In many classification problems, the input is represented as a set of features, e.g., the bag-of-words (BoW) representation of documents. Support vector machines (SVMs) are widely used tools for such classification problems. The performance of the SVMs is generally determined by whether kernel values between data points can be defined properly. However, SVMs for BoW representations have a major weakness in that the co-occurrence of different but semantically similar words cannot be reflected in the kernel calculation. To overcome the weakness, we propose a kernel-based discriminative classifier for BoW data, which we call the latent support measure machine (latent SMM). With the latent SMM, a latent vector is associated with each vocabulary term, and each document is represented as a distribution of the latent vectors for words appearing in the document. To represent the distributions efficiently, we use the kernel embeddings of distributions that hold high order moment information about distributions. Then the latent SMM finds a separating hyperplane that maximizes the margins between distributions of different classes while estimating latent vectors for words to improve the classification performance. In the experiments, we show that the latent SMM achieves state-of-the-art accuracy for BoW text classification, is robust with respect to its own hyper-parameters, and is useful to visualize words.
When the network crumbles: an empirical study of cloud network failures and their impact on services

The growing demand for always-on and low-latency cloud services is driving the creation of globally distributed datacenters. A major factor affecting service availability is reliability of the network, both inside the datacenters and wide-area links connecting them. While several research efforts focus on building scale-out datacenter networks, little has been reported on real network failures and how they impact geo-distributed services. This paper makes one of the first attempts to characterize intra-datacenter and inter-datacenter network failures from a service perspective. We describe a large-scale study analyzing and correlating failure events over three years across multiple datacenters and thousands of network elements such as Access routers, Aggregation switches, Top-of-Rack switches, and long-haul links. Our study reveals several important findings on (a) the availability of network domains, (b) root causes, (c) service impact, (d) effectiveness of repairs, and (e) modeling failures. Finally, we outline steps based on existing network mechanisms to improve service availability.
Analysis of template aging in iris biometrics

It has been widely believed that biometric template aging does not occur for iris biometrics. We compare the match score distribution for short time-lapse iris image pairs, with a mean of approximately one month between the enrollment image and the verification image, to the match score distributions for image pairs with one, two and three years of time lapse. We find clear and consistent evidence of a template aging effect that is noticeable at one year and that increases with increasing time lapse. For a state-of-the-art iris matcher, and three years of time lapse, at a decision threshold corresponding to a one in two million false match rate, we observe an 153% increase in the false non-match rate, with a bootstrap estimated 95% confidence interval of 85% to 307%.
Lactate metabolism: historical context, prior misinterpretations, and current understanding

Lactate (La−) has long been at the center of controversy in research, clinical, and athletic settings. Since its discovery in 1780, La− has often been erroneously viewed as simply a hypoxic waste product with multiple deleterious effects. Not until the 1980s, with the introduction of the cell-to-cell lactate shuttle did a paradigm shift in our understanding of the role of La− in metabolism begin. The evidence for La− as a major player in the coordination of whole-body metabolism has since grown rapidly. La− is a readily combusted fuel that is shuttled throughout the body, and it is a potent signal for angiogenesis irrespective of oxygen tension. Despite this, many fundamental discoveries about La− are still working their way into mainstream research, clinical care, and practice. The purpose of this review is to synthesize current understanding of La− metabolism via an appraisal of its robust experimental history, particularly in exercise physiology. That La− production increases during dysoxia is beyond debate, but this condition is the exception rather than the rule. Fluctuations in blood [La−] in health and disease are not typically due to low oxygen tension, a principle first demonstrated with exercise and now understood to varying degrees across disciplines. From its role in coordinating whole-body metabolism as a fuel to its role as a signaling molecule in tumors, the study of La− metabolism continues to expand and holds potential for multiple clinical applications. This review highlights La−’s central role in metabolism and amplifies our understanding of past research.
Noninvasive Treatment of Bromidrosis by Frequency-Doubled Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser

Axillary bromidrosis (osmidrosis) is a common and disgusting disorder in Asian communities. Current treatments are basically invasive resulting in varying degrees of success and complications. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser as a possible noninvasive technique for treating axillary bromidrosis. Sixty-four axillae of 32 patients were lased by a single session of green light energy at the fluence of 3.5 joules at a 4-mm spot size. The follow-up time was 6–18 months (mean 15). Twenty-six patients (81.2%) showed good to excellent results, 4 patients (12.5%) had fair results, and 2 (6.2%) patients had poor results. The only side effect was a temporary hyperpigmentation at the periphery of the treated area in a few patients with dark skin color. In conclusion, frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is an effective noninvasive treatment for axillary bromidrosis.
Reconstructing Shapes and Appearances of Thin Film Objects Using RGB Images

Reconstruction of shapes and appearances of thin film objects can be applied to many fields such as industrial inspection, biological analysis, and archaeologic research. However, it comes with many challenging issues because the appearances of thin film can change dramatically depending on view and light directions. The appearance is deeply dependent on not only the shapes but also the optical parameters of thin film. In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate shapes and film thickness. First, we narrow down candidates of zenith angle by degree of polarization and determine it by the intensity of thin film which increases monotonically along the zenith angle. Second, we determine azimuth angle from occluding boundaries. Finally, we estimate the film thickness by comparing a look-up table of color along the thickness and zenith angle with captured images. We experimentally evaluated the accuracy of estimated shapes and appearances and found that our proposed method is effective.
Metagenomics analysis of microbial communities associated with a traditional rice wine starter culture (Xaj-pitha) of Assam, India

This is the first report on the microbial diversity of xaj-pitha, a rice wine fermentation starter culture through a metagenomics approach involving Illumine-based whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing method. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from rice wine starter culture concocted by Ahom community of Assam and analyzed using a MiSeq® System. A total of 2,78,231 contigs, with an average read length of 640.13 bp, were obtained. Data obtained from the use of several taxonomic profiling tools were compared with previously reported microbial diversity studies through the culture-dependent and culture-independent method. The microbial community revealed the existence of amylase producers, such as Rhizopus delemar, Mucor circinelloides, and Aspergillus sp. Ethanol producers viz., Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Wickerhamomyces ciferrii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Debaryomyces hansenii, Ogataea parapolymorpha, and Dekkera bruxellensis, were found associated with the starter culture along with a diverse range of opportunistic contaminants. The bacterial microflora was dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The most frequent occurring LAB was Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Leuconostoc lactis, Weissella cibaria, Lactococcus lactis, Weissella para mesenteroides, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, etc. Our study provided a comprehensive picture of microbial diversity associated with rice wine fermentation starter and indicated the superiority of metagenomic sequencing over previously used techniques.
Dermatitis herpetiformis.

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic, polymorphic, pruritic skin disease that develops mostly in patients with latent gluten-sensitive enteropathy. DH patients usually present with skin manifestations only and are not aware of the underlying small-bowel problems. Owing to the granular immunoglobulin (Ig) A deposition at the tips of the papillary dermis and to the subepidermal blister formation associated with neutrophilic accumulations underlying the basement membrane, DH is considered to be an autoimmune blistering disease. Contrary to the other bullous disorders, DH patients have no circulating autoantibodies binding to the cutaneous basement membrane components or to other adherent structures of the skin, but they have gluten-induced IgA autoantibodies against transglutaminase (TG) 2 and TG3. The serum IgA against tissue TG2 is a most specific and sensitive serologic marker of gluten-sensitive enteropathy and is equivalent to the perviously described IgA endomysium antibodies. DH could be a cutaneous IgA-epidermal TG3 immunocomplex disease, developing only in a few patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy as a second gluten-dependent disease. The main treatment of DH today is a strict, life-long gluten-free diet. Untreated DH patients should be regularly monitored for malabsorption and lymphomas. Associated autoimmune diseases are more common among DH patients. Family screening for gluten sensitivity is also strongly suggested.