nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Eliciting security requirements with misuse cases

Use cases have become increasingly common during requirements engineering, but they offer limited support for eliciting security threats and requirements. At the same time, the importance of security is growing with the rise of phenomena such as e-commerce and nomadic and geographically distributed work. This paper presents a systematic approach to eliciting security requirements based on use cases, with emphasis on description and method guidelines. The approach extends traditional use cases to also cover misuse, and is potentially useful for several other types of extra-functional requirements beyond security.
Effect of metal ions on autofluorescence of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans grown on spruce wood

This work describes autofluorescence of the mycelium of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans grown on spruce wood blocks impregnated with various metals. Live mycelium, as opposed to dead mycelium, exhibited yellow autofluorescence upon blue excitation, blue fluorescence with ultraviolet (UV) excitation, orange-red and light-blue fluorescence with violet excitation, and red fluorescence with green excitation. Distinctive autofluorescence was observed in the fungal cell wall and in granula localized in the cytoplasm. In dead mycelium, the intensity of autofluorescence decreased and the signal was diffused throughout the cytoplasm. Metal treatment affected both the color and intensity of autofluorescence and also the morphology of the mycelium. The strongest yellow signal was observed with blue excitation in Cd-treated samples, in conjunction with increased branching and the formation of mycelial loops and protrusions. For the first time, we describe pink autofluorescence that was observed in Mn-, Zn-, and Cu-treated samples with UV, violet or. blue excitation. The lowest signals were obtained in Cu- and Fe-treated samples. Chitin, an important part of the fungal cell wall exhibited intensive primary fluorescence with UV, violet, blue, and green excitation.
Models of Cannabis Taxonomy, Cultural Bias, and Conflicts between Scientific and Vernacular Names

Debates over Cannabis sativa L. and C. indica Lam. center on their taxonomic circumscription and rank. This perennial puzzle has been compounded by the viral spread of a vernacular nomenclature, “Sativa” and “Indica,” which does not correlate with C. sativa and C. indica. Ambiguities also envelop the epithets of wild-type Cannabis: the spontanea versus ruderalis debate (i.e., vernacular “Ruderalis”), as well as another pair of Cannabis epithets, afghanica and kafirstanica. To trace the rise of vernacular nomenclature, we begin with the protologues (original descriptions, synonymies, type specimens) of C. sativa and C. indica. Biogeographical evidence (obtained from the literature and herbarium specimens) suggests 18th–19th century botanists were biased in their assignment of these taxa to field specimens. This skewed the perception of Cannabis biodiversity and distribution. The development of vernacular “Sativa,” “Indica,” and “Ruderalis” was abetted by twentieth century botanists, who ignored original protologues and harbored their own cultural biases. Predominant taxonomic models by Vavilov, Small, Schultes, de Meijer, and Hillig are compared and critiqued. Small’s model adheres closest to protologue data (with C. indica treated as a subspecies). “Sativa” and “Indica” are subpopulations of C. sativa subsp. indica; “Ruderalis” represents a protean assortment of plants, including C. sativa subsp. sativa and recent hybrids.
Cloud-based Parallel Implementation of SLAM for Mobile Robots

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) for mobile robots is a computationally expensive task. A robot capable of SLAM needs a powerful onboard computer, but this can limit the robot's mobility because of weight and power demands. We consider moving this task to a remote compute cloud, by proposing a general cloud-based architecture for real-time robotics computation, and then implementing a Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filtering-based SLAM algorithm in a multi-node cluster in the cloud. In our implementation, expensive computations are executed in parallel, yielding significant improvements in computation time. This allows the algorithm to increase the complexity and frequency of calculations, enhancing the accuracy of the resulting map while freeing the robot's onboard computer for other tasks. Our method for implementing particle filtering in the cloud is not specific to SLAM and can be applied to other computationally-intensive tasks.
Self-monitoring and psychoeducation in bipolar patients with a smart-phone application (SIMPLe) project: design, development and studies protocols

New technologies have recently been used for monitoring signs and symptoms of mental health illnesses and particularly have been tested to improve the outcomes in bipolar disorders. Web-based psychoeducational programs for bipolar disorders have also been implemented, yet to our knowledge, none of them have integrated both approaches in one single intervention. The aim of this project is to develop and validate a smartphone application to monitor symptoms and signs and empower the self-management of bipolar disorder, offering customized embedded psychoeducation contents, in order to identify early symptoms and prevent relapses and hospitalizations.



The project will be carried out in three complementary phases, which will include a feasibility study (first phase), a qualitative study (second phase) and a randomized controlled trial (third phase) comparing the smartphone application (SIMPLe) on top of treatment as usual with treatment as usual alone. During the first phase, feasibility and satisfaction will be assessed with the application usage log data and with an electronic survey. Focus groups will be conducted and technical improvements will be incorporated at the second phase. Finally, at the third phase, survival analysis with multivariate data analysis will be performed and relationships between socio-demographic, clinical variables and assessments scores with relapses in each group will be explored.



This project could result in a highly available, user-friendly and not costly monitoring and psychoeducational intervention that could improve the outcome of people suffering from bipolar disorders in a practical and secure way.
Issues in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

this planet and many oceanic and maritime applications seem relatively slow in exploiting the state-of-the-art info-communication technologies. The natural and man-made disasters that have taken place over the last few years have aroused significant interest in monitoring oceanic environments for scientific, environmental, commercial, safety, homeland security and military needs. The shipbuilding and offshore engineering industries are also increasingly interested in technologies like sensor networks as an economically viable alternative to currently adopted and costly methods used in seismic monitoring, structural health monitoring, installation and mooring, etc. Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are the enabling technology for wide range of applications like monitoring the strong influences and impact of climate regulation, nutrient production, oil retrieval and transportation The underwater environment differs from the terrestrial radio environment both in terms of its energy costs and channel propagation phenomena. The underwater channel is characterized by long propagation times and frequency-dependent attenuation that is highly affected by the distance between nodes as well as by the link orientation. Some of other issues in which UWSNs differ from terrestrial are limited bandwidth, constrained battery power, more failure of sensors because of fouling and corrosion, etc. This paper presents several fundamental key aspects and architectures of UWSNs, emerging research issues of underwater sensor networks and exposes the researchers into networking of underwater communication devices for exciting ocean monitoring and exploration applications.  The Earth is a water planet. Around 70% of the surface of earth is covered by water. This is largely unexplored area and recently it has fascinated humans to explore it. Natural or man-made disasters that have taken place over the last few years have aroused significant interest in monitoring oceanic environments for scientific, environmental, commercial, safety, homeland security and military needs. The shipbuilding and offshore engineering industries are also increasingly interested in technologies like wireless sensor
Death By Crucifixion : View of The Medicolegal Expert

Being a corner stone of the New testament and Christian religion, the evangelical narration about Jesus Christ crucifixion had been drawing attention of many millions people, both Christians and representatives of other religions and convictions, almost for two thousand years.If in the last centuries the crucifixion was considered mainly from theological and historical positions, the XX century was marked by surge of medical and biological researches devoted to investigation of thanatogenesis of the crucifixion. However the careful analysis of the suggested concepts of death at the crucifixion shows that not all of them are well-founded. Moreover, some authors sometimes do not consider available historic facts.Not only the analysis of the original Greek text of the Gospel is absent in the published works but authors ignore the Gospel itself at times.
THE CMU SPHINX-4 SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM

The Sphinx-4 speech recognition system is the latest addition to Carnegie Mellon University's repository of Sphinx speech recognition systems. It has been jointly designed by Carnegie Mellon University, Sun Microsystems Laboratories and Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories. It is differently designed from the earlier Sphinx systems in terms of modularity, flexibility and algorithmic aspects. It uses newer search strategies, is universal in its acceptance of various kinds of grammars and language models, types of acoustic models and feature streams. Algorithmic innovations included in the system design enable it to incorporate multiple information sources in an elegant manner. The system is entirely developed on the JavaTM platform and is highly portable, flexible, and easier to use with multithreading. This paper describes the salient features of the Sphinx-4 decoder and includes preliminary performance measures relating to speed and accuracy.
Topologies and analysis of flux-modulation machines

In this paper, one new machine family, i.e. named as flux-modulation machines which produce steady torque based on flux-modulation effect is proposed. The typical model including three components-one flux modulator, one armature and one excitation field exciters of flux-modulation machines is built. The torque relationships among the three components are developed based on the principle of electromechanical energy conversion. Then, some structure and performance features of flux-modulation machines are summarized, through which the flux-modulation topology distinguish criterion is proposed for the first time. Flux-modulation topologies can be further classified into stationary flux modulator, stationary excitation field, stationary armature field and dual-mechanical port flux-modulation machines. Many existed topologies, such as vernier, switched flux, flux reversal and transverse machines, are demonstrated that they can be classified into the flux-modulation family based on the criterion, and the processes how to convert typical models of flux-modulation machines to these machines are also given in this paper. Furthermore, in this new machine family, developed and developing theories on the vernier, switched flux, flux reversal and transverse machines can be shared with each other as well as some novel topologies in such a machine category. Based on the flux modulation principle, the nature and general theory, such as torque, power factor expressions and so on, of the flux-modulation machines are investigated. In additions, flux-modulation induction and electromagnetic transmission topologies are predicted and analyzed to enrich the flux-modulation electromagnetic topology family and the prospective applications are highlighted. Finally, one vernier permanent magnet prototype has been built and tested to verify the analysis results.
Non-invasive capacitive sensor for the determination of revolution speed and fill level in screw conveyors

This paper presents a capacitive measurement principle for the determination of the mass and volume flow rate and the revolution speed of screw conveyors. The measurement is realized using a set of transmitter electrodes and a single receiver ring electrode on the outer pipe surface. Sequential measurement of the inter-electrode capacitances between active transmitter and receiver is performed by means of a versatile hardware platform. A laboratory setup was designed and built. Sets of sensor data were acquired for different cereals. It is shown that the fill level influences the measured capacitances due to the permittivity of the bulk solids. Furthermore, the revolution speed and its variation over time can be directly deduced from the sensor signals. The good signal to noise ratio allows for a reliable measurement of the mass and volume flow rate.
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

5. During the past month, how often have you Not during Less than Once or Three or had trouble sleeping because you... the past once a twice a more times month (0) week (1) week (2) week (3) a. Cannot get to sleep within 30 minutes b. Wake up in the middle of the night or early morning c. Have to get up to use the bathroom d. Cannot breathe comfortably e. Cough or snore loudly f. Feel too cold g. Feel too hot h. Have bad dreams i. Have pain j. Other reason(s), please describe, including how often you have had trouble sleeping because of this reason(s): 6. During the past month, how often have you taken medicine (prescribed or “over the counter”) to help you sleep? 7. During the past month, how often have you had trouble staying awake while driving, eating meals, or engaging in social activity? 8. During the past month, how much of a problem has it been for you to keep up enthusiasm to get things done? Very Fairly Fairly Very good (0) good (1) bad (2) bad (3) 9. During the past month, how would you rate your sleep quality overall?
Automation Of Road Intersections Using Consensus-based Auction Algorithms

This paper investigates a consensus-based auction algorithm in the context of decentralized traffic control. In particular, we study the automation of a road intersection, where a set of vehicles is required to cross without collisions. The crossing order will be negotiated in a decentralized fashion. An on-board model predictive controller (MPC) will compute an optimal trajectory which avoids collisions with higher priority vehicles, thus retaining convex safety constraints. Simulations are then performed in a time-variant traffic environment.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Multi-Cell Networks: Theory, Performance, and Practical Challenges

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a potential enabler for the development of 5G and beyond wireless networks. By allowing multiple users to share the same time and frequency, NOMA can scale up the number of served users, increase spectral efficiency, and improve user-fairness compared to existing orthogonal multiple access (OMA) techniques. While single-cell NOMA has drawn significant attention recently, much less attention has been given to multi-cell NOMA. This article discusses the opportunities and challenges of NOMA in a multi-cell environment. As the density of base stations and devices increases, inter-cell interference becomes a major obstacle in multi-cell networks. As such, identifying techniques that combine interference management approaches with NOMA is of great significance. After discussing the theory behind NOMA, this article provides an overview of the current literature and discusses key implementation and research challenges, with an emphasis on multi-cell NOMA.
Why Users Disintermediate Peer-to-Peer Marketplaces

This paper reports on a study of the prevalence of and possible reasons for peer-to-peer transaction marketplace (P2PM) users turning to out-of-market (OOM) transactions after finding transaction partners within a P2P system. We surveyed 97 P2PM users and interviewed 22 of 58 who reported going OOM. We did not find any evidence of predisposing personality factors for OOM activity; instead, it seems to be a rational response to circumstances, with a variety of situationally rational motivations at play, such as liking the transaction partner and trusting that good quality repeat transactions will occur in the future.
Analysis of MPLS and IP Networks Performance to Improve the Qos using Opnet Simulator

To eliminate the problems related to the Internet Protocol (IP) network, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks the packets, they use label switching technology at the IP core routers to improve the routing mechanism and to make it more efficient. The developed protocol configure the data packet with fixed labels at the start and the at the end of the MPLS domain, it also allows a service provider to provide value added services like Virtual Private Network (VPNs), MPLS is faster than the standard method of routing and switching packets of the data. MPLS traffic engineering (MPLS TE) provides better utilization of network recourses, while MPLS offers VPN implementation and interconnected with other networks to gain secure and reliable communication, MPLS was improved to support routing functionality on conventional service provider IP Network. MPLS permit service providers to provide customer support services, and It naturally supports Quality of Service (QoS) by providing classification and marked package, avoid congestion, congestion management, Improve traffic, and Signaling. MPLS is not complex at all, and there is no need to any changed in the network structure because it uses one Unified Network Infrastructure. Also, no need to run Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) in the core of MPLS network, this will increase the efficiency of Internet Service Provider (ISP). Therefore MPLS provide the reliability of communication while reducing the delays and supporting the speed of the packet transfer. .
A Formal Analysis of Required Cooperation in Multi-agent Planning

It is well understood that, through cooperation, multiple agents can achieve tasks that are unachievable by a single agent. However, there are no formal characterizations of situations where cooperation is required to achieve a goal, thus warranting the application of multiple agents. In this paper, we provide such a formal characterization for multi-agent planning problems with sequential action execution. We first show that determining whether there is required cooperation (RC) is in general intractable even in this limited setting. As a result, we start our analysis with a subset of more restrictive problems where agents are homogeneous. For such problems, we identify two conditions that can cause RC. We establish that when none of these conditions hold, the problem is single-agent solvable; otherwise, we provide upper bounds on the minimum number of agents required. For the remaining problems with heterogeneous agents, we further divide them into two subsets. For one of the subsets, we propose the concept of transformer agent to reduce the number of agents to be considered which is used to improve planning performance. We implemented a planner using our theoretical results and compared it with one of the best IPC CoDMAP planners in the centralized track. Results show that our planner provides significantly improved performance on
On the Levy-Walk Nature of Human Mobility

We report that human walk patterns contain statistically similar features observed in Levy walks. These features include heavy-tail flight and pause-time distributions and the super-diffusive nature of mobility. Human walks are not random walks, but it is surprising that the patterns of human walks and Levy walks contain some statistical similarity. Our study is based on 226 daily GPS traces collected from 101 volunteers in five different outdoor sites. The heavy-tail flight distribution of human mobility induces the super-diffusivity of travel, but up to 30 min to 1 h due to the boundary effect of people's daily movement, which is caused by the tendency of people to move within a predefined (also confined) area of daily activities. These tendencies are not captured in common mobility models such as random way point (RWP). To evaluate the impact of these tendencies on the performance of mobile networks, we construct a simple truncated Levy walk mobility (TLW) model that emulates the statistical features observed in our analysis and under which we measure the performance of routing protocols in delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The results indicate the following. Higher diffusivity induces shorter intercontact times in DTN and shorter path durations with higher success probability in MANET. The diffusivity of TLW is in between those of RWP and Brownian motion (BM). Therefore, the routing performance under RWP as commonly used in mobile network studies and tends to be overestimated for DTNs and underestimated for MANETs compared to the performance under TLW.
Pornography , Individual Differences in Risk and Men ’ s Acceptance of Violence Against Women in a Representative Sample

Based on the Confluence Model of Sexual Aggression, we hypothesized that individual differences in risk for sexual aggression moderate the association between pornography use and attitudes supporting violence against women. This hypothesis was in keeping with the findings of a recent meta-analysis which indicated such a positive association between porn use and attitudes. However, in this meta-analysis there was also a high degree of heterogeneity among studies, suggesting the existence of crucial moderating variables. Unfortunately, the available literature included in this meta-analysis did not enable identifying the basis for such moderation. To fully test our hypothesis of individual differences moderation and related hypotheses requires a representative sample. Fortunately, a unique nationally representative sample of U.S. men in any form of post-high school education that we obtained in 1984–85 enabled testing our predictions. Participants had anonymously completed questionnaires that included items pertaining to pornography use, attitudes about violence against women, and other measures assessing risk factors highlighted by the Confluence Model. As predicted, while we found an overall positive association between pornography consumption and attitudes, further examination showed that it was moderated by individual differences. More specifically, as predicted this association was found to be largely due to men at relatively high risk for sexually aggression who were relatively frequent pornography consumers. The findings help resolve inconsistencies in the literature and are in line not only with experimental research on attitudes but also with both experimental and nonexperimental studies assessing the relationship between pornography consumption and sexually aggressive behavior.