nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Query Rewriting for Horn-SHIQ Plus Rules

O Query # Rules/CQs Rewriting time, ms (avg. eval. time, DLV) RequiemG Presto Clipper RequiemG Presto Clipper Q1 27 53 42 281 45 50 A Q2 50 32 31 184 46 62 Q3 104 32 31 292 27 65 Q4 224 43 36 523 32 71 Q1 6 7 10 14 7 19 S Q2 2 3 22 263 9 22 Q3 4 4 9 1717 10 21 Q4 4 4 24 1611 9 23 Q1 2 4 2 14 ( 1247 ) 12 ( 1252 ) 27 ( 1255 ) U Q2 1 2 45 201 ( 1247 ) 23 ( 1262 ) 36 ( 1637 ) Q3 4 8 17 477 ( 2055 ) 26 ( 2172 ) 29 ( 1890 ) Q4 2 56 63 2431 ( 1260 ) 20 ( 1235 ) 28 ( 1735 ) Table: Comparison with other query rewriting engines oveDL-Lite ontologies (Adolena, Stock exchange, University)
Gift exchange and organ donation: donor and recipient experiences of live related kidney transplantation.

Live transplantation presents many stressors for donors and recipients, yet a holistic understanding of the process, from both perspectives, is limited. Gift exchange is a theory governed by the principles of giving, receiving and reciprocating and has many similarities with the process of organ transplantation. It may therefore provide a framework for understanding donor and recipient experiences of live kidney transplantation. However, the relevance of this theory to live kidney transplantation has not previously been properly explored.



To gain a theoretical understanding of the live transplantation experience from the perspectives of donors and recipients.



A phenomenological, longitudinal study.



All donors and their recipients undergoing live kidney transplantation in a regional renal transplant centre in South-West England (between July 2003 and February 2004) were invited to participate in this study. Of this cohort, 11 families (n=55%) volunteered to participate.



Data were collected through a series of 3 recorded, semi-structured interviews with donors and recipients. Interviews were conducted pre transplant and at 3 and 10 months post transplant. Data were analysed using a process of thematic content analysis. Findings were also considered within a theoretical framework of gift exchange.



All donors initially made an instantaneous, voluntary decision to donate and found the decision relatively easy to make. In contrast, recipients found accepting the donors' offer arduous, because of concern for their wellbeing. They were only able to accept the transplant after discussing the matter with their donor and establishing that it was something that they wanted to do. Recipients' lives were transformed by a successful transplant and they were subsequently very grateful to the donors for donating. Donors derived immense personal satisfaction from this outcome and it helped to confirm to them that what they had done had been worthwhile. The transplant did not have a detrimental effect on donor-recipient relationships.



The concept of gift exchange provides a logical explanation of donor and recipients experiences in this study, particularly in relation to factors that influence giving, receiving and reciprocating. This understanding should help health professionals assist donors, recipients and their families throughout this process.
Linearity enhancement of GaN Doherty amplifier by forward gate current blocking method

This paper investigates linearity enhancements in GaN based Doherty power amplifiers (DPA) with the implementation of forward gate current blocking. Using a simple p-n diode to limit gate current, both open loop and digitally pre-distorted (DPD) linearity for wideband, high peak to average ratio modulated signals, such as LTE, are improved. Forward gate current blocking (FCB) is compatible with normally-on III-V HEMT technology where positive gate current is observed which results in nonlinear operation of RF transistor. By blocking positive gate current, waveform clipping is mitigated at the device gate node. Consequently, through dynamic biasing, the effective gate bias at the transistor input is adjusted limiting the RF input signal peaks entering the non-linear regime of the gate Schottky diode inherent to GaN devices. The proposed technique demonstrates more than a 3 dBc improvement in DPD corrected linearity in adjacent channels when four 20 MHz LTE carriers are applied.
Treatment of type-A3 amyelic thoracolumbar fractures (burst fractures) with kyphoplasty: initial experience

The authors propose a minimally invasive procedure for treating type-A3 amyelic thoracolumbar fractures according to Magerl classification (compression burst fractures). The procedure, percutaneous kyphoplasty, allows the fracture to be reduced and vertebral height to be restored by injecting bone cement into a cavity created in the vertebral body by an inflatable balloon introduced with the percutaneous approach. Four patients were successfully treated, with clinical and functional benefit in all cases. There were no complications. Per il trattamento delle fratture vertebrali toraco-lombari amieliche del tipo A3 secondo Magerl (fratture da scoppio prodotte per meccanismo compressivo), gli autori propongo una procedura mini-invasiva, la cifoplastica percutanea che mediante iniezione di cemento osseo in una cavità creata nel corpo vertebrale da un palloncino espansibile introdotto con approccio percutaneo consente la riduzione della frattura, il ripristino dell’altezza del corpo vertebrale. Sono stati trattati 4 pazienti con beneficio clinico e funzionale in tutti i casi. Non sono state rilevate complicanze.
Title Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Effect : General Expression of AMR Ratio and Intuitive Explanation for Sign of AMR Ratio

We derive the general expression of the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) ratio of ferromagnets for a relative angle between the magnetization direction and the current direction. We here use the two-current model for a system consisting of a spin-polarized conduction state (s) and localized d states (d) with spin-orbit interaction. Using the expression, we analyze the AMR ratios of Ni and a half-metallic ferromagnet. These results correspond well to the respective experimental results. In addition, we give an intuitive explanation about a relation between the sign of the AMR ratio and the s-d scattering process.  The anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect, in which the electrical resistivity depends on a relative angle θ between the magnetization (Mex) direction and the electric current (I) direction, has been studied extensively both experimentally [1-5] and theoretically [1,6]. The AMR ratio is often defined by ( ) ( ) ρ θ ρ θ ρ ρ ρ ⊥
360° Detection and tracking algorithm of both pedestrian and vehicle using fisheye images

All-around view is a mandatory element for autonomous vehicles. The European V-Charge project seeks to develop an autonomous vehicle using only low-cost sensors. This paper presents a detection and tracking algorithm that covers all the area around the vehicle using 4 fisheye cameras only. The algorithm is able to detect pedestrians and vehicles and track them, using cylindrical images. This paper presents the whole pipeline, from the image un-warping to the classification and the tracking algorithms, together with some results.
Antiplatelet Agents for the Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Stroke can cause high morbidity and mortality, and ischemic stroke (IS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients have a high stroke recurrence rate. Antiplatelet agents are the standard therapy for these patients, but it is often difficult for clinicians to select the best therapy from among the multiple treatment options. We therefore performed a network meta-analysis to estimate the efficacy of antiplatelet agents for secondary prevention of recurrent stroke. We systematically searched 3 databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane) for relevant studies published through August 2015. The primary end points of this meta-analysis were overall stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and fatal stroke. A total of 30 trials were included in our network meta-analysis and abstracted data. Among the therapies evaluated in the included trials, the estimates for overall stroke and hemorrhagic stroke for cilostazol (Cilo) were significantly better than those for aspirin (odds ratio [OR] = .64, 95% credibility interval [CrI], .45-.91; OR = .23, 95% CrI, .08-.58). The estimate for fatal stroke was highest for Cilo plus aspirin combination therapy, followed by Cilo therapy. The results of our meta-analysis indicate that Cilo significantly improves overall stroke and hemorrhagic stroke in IS or TIA patients and reduces fatal stroke, but with low statistical significance. Our results also show that Cilo was significantly more efficient than other therapies in Asian patients; therefore, future trials should focus on Cilo treatment for secondary prevention of recurrent stroke in non-Asian patients.
Reduced Overhead Training for Multi Reconfigurable Antennas with Beam-Tilting Capability

This paper proposes low overhead training techniques for a wireless communication system equipped with a Multifunctional Reconfigurable Antenna (MRA) capable of dynamically changing beamwidth and beam directions. A novel microelectromechanical system (MEMS) MRA antenna is presented with radiation patterns (generated using complete electromagnetic full-wave analysis) which are used to quantify the communication link performance gains. In particular, it is shown that using the proposed Exhaustive Training at Reduced Frequency (ETRF) consistently results in a reduction in training overhead. It is also demonstrated that further reduction in training overhead is possible using statistical or MUSIC-based training schemes. Bit Error Rate (BER) and capacity simulations are carried out using an MRA, which can tilt its radiation beam into one of Ndir = 4 or 8 directions with variable beamwidth (≈2π/Ndir). The performance of each training scheme is quantified for OFDM systems operating in frequency selective channels with and without Line of Sight (LoS). We observe 6 dB of gain at BER = 10-4 and 6 dB improvement in capacity (at capacity = 6 bits/sec/subcarrier) are achievable for an MRA with Ndir= 8 as compared to omni directional antennas using ETRF scheme in a LoS environment.
An automated truck platoon for energy saving

This paper presents an automated truck platoon that has been developed under a national ITS project named “Energy ITS.” The project, started in 2008, aims at energy saving and global warming prevention with ITS technologies. A platoon of 3 fully-automated trucks currently drives at 80 km/h with the gap of 10 m on a test truck and along an expressway before public use, under not only steady state driving but also lane changing. The lateral control is based on the lane marker detection by the computer vision, and the longitudinal control is based on the gap measurement by 76 GHz radar and lidar in addition to the inter-vehicle communications of 5.8 GHz DSRC. The radar and lidar also work as the obstacle detection. The feature of the technologies is the high reliability, aiming at the near future introduction. Fuel consumption measurement on a test track and along an expressway shows that the fuel can be saved by about 14 %. The evaluation simulation shows that the effectiveness of the platooning with the gap of 10 m when the 40 % penetration in heavy trucks is 2.1 % reduction of CO2 along an expressway. The introduction scenario is also discussed.
Adaptive Attention Network for Review Sentiment Classification

Document-level sentiment classification is an important NLP task. The state of the art shows that attention mechanism is particularly effective on document-level sentiment classification. Despite the success of previous attention mechanism, it neglects the correlations among inputs (e.g., words in a sentence), which can be useful for improving the classification result. In this paper, we propose a novel Adaptive Attention Network (AAN) to explicitly model the correlations among inputs. Our AAN has a two-layer attention hierarchy. It first learns an attention score for each input. Given each input’s embedding and attention score, it then computes a weighted sum over all the words’ embeddings. This weighted sum is seen as a “context” embedding, aggregating all the inputs. Finally, to model the correlations among inputs, it computes another attention score for each input, based on the input embedding and the context embedding. These new attention scores are our final output of AAN. In document-level sentiment classification, we apply AAN to model words in a sentence and sentences in a review. We evaluate AAN on three public data sets, and show that it outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.
Observing presenters' use of visual aids to inform the design of classroom presentation software

Large classrooms have traditionally provided multiple blackboards on which an entire lecture could be visible. In recent decades, classrooms were augmented with a data projector and screen, allowing computer-generated slides to replace hand-written blackboard presentations and overhead transparencies as the medium of choice. Many lecture halls and conference rooms will soon be equipped with multiple projectors that provide large, high-resolution displays of comparable size to an old fashioned array of blackboards. The predominant presentation software, however, is still designed for a single medium-resolution projector. With the ultimate goal of designing rich presentation tools that take full advantage of increased screen resolution and real estate, we conducted an observational study to examine current practice with both traditional whiteboards and blackboards, and computer-generated slides. We identify several categories of observed usage, and highlight differences between traditional media and computer slides. We then present design guidelines for presentation software that capture the advantages of the old and the new and describe a working prototype based on those guidelines that more fully utilizes the capabilities of multiple displays.
Development, validation and utilisation of food-frequency questionnaires - a review.

The purpose of this review is to provide guidance on the development, validation and use of food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) for different study designs. It does not include any recommendations about the most appropriate method for dietary assessment (e.g. food-frequency questionnaire versus weighed record).



A comprehensive search of electronic databases was carried out for publications from 1980 to 1999. Findings from the review were then commented upon and added to by a group of international experts.



Recommendations have been developed to aid in the design, validation and use of FFQs. Specific details of each of these areas are discussed in the text.



FFQs are being used in a variety of ways and different study designs. There is no gold standard for directly assessing the validity of FFQs. Nevertheless, the outcome of this review should help those wishing to develop or adapt an FFQ to validate it for its intended use.
Using trust for collaborative filtering in eCommerce

Personalization and customization have been shown to be an indispensable function in today's eCommerce businesses and highly applauded by their customers. Collaborative filtering is one of the two major techniques commonly employed by today's recommender systems and has found its way into the recommendation of many diversified types of products. However, collaborative filtering technique suffers from sparsity and cold start problems. The recent emergence of Web 2.0 offers an opportunity to remedy these problems by incorporating the trust relationships explicitly expressed by the users, as evident by some recent research. Previous work in using trust for making recommendation mainly focuses on inferring trust weights for unspecified trust relations. In this paper, we model the problem of using trust for recommendation as a linear program. We then describe two heuristics that leverages trust to estimate the ratings of unseen products by a given user. Finally we develop various strategies of giving continuous trust weights by considering the contextual information pertaining to trust statements and examine their impact on recommendation accuracy using the empirical data collected from Epinion.com. The experimental results show that assigning continuous trust weights using some of the proposed strategies yields higher recommendation accuracy when compared to the baseline approach that gives Boolean trust values.
Perception and evaluation of women’s bodies in adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa

Body image disturbance in anorexia nervosa (AN) has been widely studied with regard to the patient’s own body, but little is known about perception of or attitude towards other women’s bodies in AN. The aim of the present study was to investigate how 20 girls aged 12–18 years and 19 adult women suffering from AN compared to 37 healthy adolescent girls and women estimate weight and attractiveness of women’s bodies belonging to different BMI categories (BMI 13.8–61.3 kg/m²). Weight and attractiveness ratings of the participant’s own body and information on physical comparisons were obtained, and effects on others’ weight and attractiveness ratings investigated. Differential evaluation processes were found: AN patients estimated other women’s weight higher than control participants. Patients showed a bias towards assessing extremely underweight women as more attractive and normal weight and overweight women as less attractive than healthy girls and women. These effects were more pronounced in adult than in adolescent AN patients. The tendency to engage in physical comparison with others significantly correlated with weight as well as attractiveness ratings in patients. A logistic regression model encompassing own attractiveness ratings, attractiveness bias towards strongly underweight others’ bodies and the interaction of this bias with age as predictors differentiated best between AN patients and controls. Our results indicate that females suffering from AN and healthy girls and women perceive other women’s bodies differently. Assessment of others’ weight and attractiveness may contribute to the maintenance of dysfunctional physical comparison processes.
A methodology for community detection in Twitter

The microblogging service Twitter is one of the world's most popular online social networks and assembles a huge amount of data produced by interactions between users. A careful analysis of this data allows identifying groups of users who share similar traits, opinions, and preferences. We call community detection the process of user group identification, which grants valuable insights not available upfront. In order to extract useful knowledge from Twitter data many methodologies have been proposed, which define the attributes to be used in community detection problems by manual and empirical criteria - oftentimes guided by the aimed type of community and what the researcher attaches importance to. However, such approach cannot be generalized because it is well known that the task of finding out an appropriate set of attributes leans on context, domain, and data set. Aiming to the advance of community detection domain, reduce computational cost and improve the quality of related researches, this paper proposes a standard methodology for community detection in Twitter using feature selection methods. Results of the present research directly affect the way community detection methodologies have been applied to Twitter and quality of outcomes produced.
An Algorithm for the Detection of Multiple Concentric Circles

This paper presents a method for the detection of multiple concentric circles which is based on the Hough Transform (HT). In order to reduce time and memory space the concentric circle detection with the HT is separated in two stages, one for the center detection and another for the radius determination. A new HT algorithm is proposed for the center detection stage which is simple, fast and robust. The proposed method selects groups of three points in each of the concentric circles to solve the circle equation and vote for the center. Geometrical constraints are imposed of the sets of three points to guarantee that they in fact belong to different concentric circles. In the radius detection stage the concentric circles are validated. The proposed algorithm was compared with several other HT circle detection techniques. Experimental results show the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Biological effects of essential oils--a review.

Since the middle ages, essential oils have been widely used for bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, antiparasitical, insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic applications, especially nowadays in pharmaceutical, sanitary, cosmetic, agricultural and food industries. Because of the mode of extraction, mostly by distillation from aromatic plants, they contain a variety of volatile molecules such as terpenes and terpenoids, phenol-derived aromatic components and aliphatic components. In vitro physicochemical assays characterise most of them as antioxidants. However, recent work shows that in eukaryotic cells, essential oils can act as prooxidants affecting inner cell membranes and organelles such as mitochondria. Depending on type and concentration, they exhibit cytotoxic effects on living cells but are usually non-genotoxic. In some cases, changes in intracellular redox potential and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by essential oils can be associated with their capacity to exert antigenotoxic effects. These findings suggest that, at least in part, the encountered beneficial effects of essential oils are due to prooxidant effects on the cellular level.
Assert(!Defined(Sequential I/O))

The term sequential I/O is widely used in systems research with the intuitive understanding that it means consecutive access. From a survey of the literature, though, this intuitive understanding has translated into numerous, inconsistent definitions. Since sequential I/O is such a fundamental concept in systems research, we believe that a sequentiality metric should allow us to compare access patterns in a meaningful way. We explore access properties that could be incorporated into potential metrics for sequential I/O including: access size, gaps between accesses, multi-stream, and inter-arrival time. We then analyze hundreds of largescale storage traces and discuss how potential metrics compare. Interestingly, we find I/O traces considered highly sequential by one metric can be highly random to another metric. We further demonstrate that many plausible metrics are weakly correlated, though metrics weighted by size have more consistency. While there may not be a single metric for sequential I/O that is best in all cases, we believe systems researchers should more carefully consider, and state, which definition they use.
RUN: Residual U-Net for Computer-Aided Detection of Pulmonary Nodules without Candidate Selection

The early detection and early diagnosis of lung cancer are crucial to improve the survival rate of lung cancer patients. Pulmonary nodules detection results have a significant impact on the later diagnosis. In this work, we propose a new network named RUN to complete nodule detection in a single step by bypassing the candidate selection. The system introduces the shortcut of the residual network to improve the traditional U-Net, thereby solving the disadvantage of poor results due to its lack of depth. Furthermore, we compare the experimental results with the traditional U-Net. We validate our method in LUng Nodule Analysis 2016 (LUNA16) Nodule Detection Challenge. We acquire a sensitivity of 90.90% at 2 false positives per scan and therefore achieve better performance than the current state-of-the-art approaches.