nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Effective Requirement Engineering Process Model for Software Development and Requirements Management

Requirement engineering is the most effective phase of software development process. It aims to collect good requirements from stakeholders in the right way. It is important for every organization to develop quality software products that can satisfy user’s needs. Requirements engineering for software development process is a complex exercise that considers product demands from a vast number of viewpoints, roles, responsibilities, and objectives. Therefore, it becomes necessary to apply requirement engineering practices in every phase of software development process. In this paper, we propose an effective requirements engineering process model to produce quality requirements for software development. Requirement management and planning phase is executed independently for an effective management of requirements. It is iterative in nature for better requirement engineering and later maintenance. The successful implementation of proposed requirement engineering process can have a good impact on the production of quality software product.
Pattern-Reconfigurable Planar Circular Ultra-Wideband Monopole Antenna

A novel pattern-reconfigurable compact planar ultra-wideband monopole antenna is presented. By the incorporation of four p-i-n diode switches and two parasitic elements, the antenna's radiation patterns can be shaped to concentrate energy in specific directions while minimising the gain in other unwanted directions without significantly affecting the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. A fully functional prototype has been developed and tested. The measured results of the return loss, radiation patterns, and realised gain verify the effectiveness of the proposed antenna configuration. The antenna switches its radiation patterns between an omni-directional mode and two directional modes with opposite directions in the operating range from 3 to 6 GHz. The proposed antenna could be a suitable candidate for advanced and smart radio applications such as cognitive radio (CR) as it can enhance the radio front-end flexibility and performance by adding the benefits of pattern diversity, specifically in multipath environments.
Chatbot for admissions

The communication of potential students with a university department is performed manually and it is a very time consuming procedure. The opportunity to communicate with on a one-to-one basis is highly valued. However with many hundreds of applications each year, one-to-one conversations are not feasible in most cases. The communication will require a member of academic staff to expend several hours to find suitable answers and contact each student. It would be useful to reduce his costs and time. The project aims to reduce the burden on the head of admissions, and potentially other users, by developing a convincing chatbot. A suitable algorithm must be devised to search through the set of data and find a potential answer. The program then replies to the user and provides a relevant web link if the user is not satisfied by the answer. Furthermore a web interface is provided for both users and an administrator. The achievements of the project can be summarised as follows. To prepare the background of the project a literature review was undertaken, together with an investigation of existing tools, and consultation with the head of admissions. The requirements of the system were established and a range of algorithms and tools were investigated, including keyword and template matching. An algorithm that combines keyword matching with string similarity has been developed. A usable system using the proposed algorithm has been implemented. The system was evaluated by keeping logs of questions and answers and by feedback received by potential students that used it. 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr Peter Hancox for his immeasurable help and support throughout this project. I also need to express my thanks to the computer support team for their excellent help and instructions. Finally, I feel the need to acknowledge the constant support offered by my parents.  This chapter covers an introduction to the project including the context, a description of aims and objectives, a description of what has been achieved, contributions and the structure of the report. Although the admissions process works properly as it is, it is very difficult and time consuming to contact a member of staff of the university. However, the problem would be partially solved if the applicant could talk to a convincing chatbot, able to respond to their concerns with information about admissions, booking accommodation, paying fees in instalments and what pre-sessional courses are on offer. The …
Aspect-Based Helpfulness Prediction for Online Product Reviews

Product reviews greatly influence purchase decisions in online shopping. A common burden of online shopping is that consumers have to search for the right answers through massive reviews, especially on popular products. Hence, estimating and predicting the helpfulness of reviews become important tasks to directly improve shopping experience. In this paper, we propose a new approach to helpfulness prediction by leveraging aspect analysis of reviews. Our hypothesis is that a helpful review will cover many aspects of a product at different emphasis levels. The first step to tackle this problem is to extract proper aspects. Because related products share common aspects to different degrees, we propose an aspect extraction model making use of product category information to balance the aspects of a general category and those of subcategories under it. On top of this model, a two-layer regressor is trained for helpfulness prediction. Experiment results show that we can improve helpfulness prediction by 7% than the baseline on 5 popular product categories from Amazon.com.
MITRA: byzantine fault-tolerant middleware for transaction processing on replicated databases

Replication is often considered a cost-effective solution for building dependable systems with off-the-shelf hardware. Replication software is usually designed to tolerate crash faults, but Byzantine (or arbitrary) faults such as software bugs are well-known to affect transactional database management systems (DBMSs) as many other classes of software. Despite the maturity of replication technology, Byzantine fault-tolerant replication of databases remains a challenging problem. The paper presents MITRA, a middleware for replicating DBMSs and making them tolerant to Byzantine faults. MITRA is designed to offer transparent replication of off-theshelf DBMSs with replicas from different vendors.
Scalable Distributed Stream Join Processing

Efficient and scalable stream joins play an important role in performing real-time analytics for many cloud applications. However, like in conventional database processing, online theta-joins over data streams are computationally expensive and moreover, being memory-based processing, they impose high memory requirement on the system. In this paper, we propose a novel stream join model, called join-biclique, which organizes a large cluster as a complete bipartite graph. Join-biclique has several strengths over state-of-the-art techniques, including memory-efficiency, elasticity and scalability. These features are essential for building efficient and scalable streaming systems. Based on join-biclique, we develop a scalable distributed stream join system, BiStream, over a large-scale commodity cluster. Specifically, BiStream is designed to support efficient full-history joins, window-based joins and online data aggregation. BiStream also supports adaptive resource management to dynamically scale out and down the system according to its application workloads. We provide both theoretical cost analysis and extensive experimental evaluations to evaluate the efficiency, elasticity and scalability of BiStream.
Dual-Polarized Quasi Yagi–Uda Antennas With Endfire Radiation for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Terminals

This paper presents a novel design of compact dual-polarized multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) antennas with endfire radiation for millimeter-wave wireless applications. The low-cost printed circuit board process serves as the basis for the design, fabrication, and measurement of the proposed dual-polarized quasi Yagi–Uda antennas. Addressing the potential antenna locations in a mobile terminal, this paper investigates both the corner and the lateral design of antenna modules. Each design incorporates dual-port dual-polarized antennas co-located in a compact area. The lateral design is further extended to a linear  $1 \times 4$  array for high-gain and phased-scanning operation. Experimental results show that the proposed compact dual-polarized quasi Yagi–Uda antennas are very suitable for MIM terminals of next-generation (5G) mobile communications.
KinectFusion: real-time 3D reconstruction and interaction using a moving depth camera

KinectFusion enables a user holding and moving a standard Kinect camera to rapidly create detailed 3D reconstructions of an indoor scene. Only the depth data from Kinect is used to track the 3D pose of the sensor and reconstruct, geometrically precise, 3D models of the physical scene in real-time. The capabilities of KinectFusion, as well as the novel GPU-based pipeline are described in full. Uses of the core system for low-cost handheld scanning, and geometry-aware augmented reality and physics-based interactions are shown. Novel extensions to the core GPU pipeline demonstrate object segmentation and user interaction directly in front of the sensor, without degrading camera tracking or reconstruction. These extensions are used to enable real-time multi-touch interactions anywhere, allowing any planar or non-planar reconstructed physical surface to be appropriated for touch.
A Real-time EMG-based Assistive Computer Interface for the Upper Limb Disabled

This paper presents the design of an assistive real-time system for the upper limb disabled to access a computer via residual muscle activities without standard computer interfaces (e.g. a mouse and a keyboard). For this purpose, electromyogram (EMG) signals from muscles in the lower arm were extracted and filtered using signal statistics (mean and variance). In order to control movement and clicking of a cursor from the obtained signals, six patterns were classified, applying a supervised multi-layer neural network trained by a backpropagation algorithm. In addition, an on-screen keyboard was developed, making it possible to enter Roman and Korean letters on the computer. Using this computer interface, the user can browse the Internet and read/send e-mail. The developed computer interface provides an alternative means for individuals with motor disabilities to access computers. A possible extension of our interface methodology can be incorporated in controlling bionic robot systems for the limb disabled (e.g. exoskeletons, limb prostheses).
Induction motor fault detection, protection and speed control using arduino

Today the most extensively used motor in the industry is the induction motor. The faults in the induction motor may lead to breakdown of the induction motor and an increase in expense to the industry. So in this paper we have discussed a system which is cheap as compared to the other systems and also cost effective. This system monitors parameters such as speed, temperature, current and voltage using an Arduino microcontroller. Using these parameters we can easily detect faults such as overvoltage, over-current, overload, excessive heating, crawling and under-voltage. The induction motor can be isolated from the supply in case of any of the faults with relays. The system also involves the use of a speed control system which can adjust the speed to desired value. This will reduce the need for additional motors because the same motor may be used to drive different devices. This system may lead to a huge amount of cost saving.
The Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm

While several consensus algorithms exist for the Byzantine Generals Problem, specifically as it pertains to distributed payment systems, many suffer from high latency induced by the requirement that all nodes within the network communicate synchronously. In this work, we present a novel consensus algorithm that circumvents this requirement by utilizing collectively-trusted subnetworks within the larger network. We show that the “trust” required of these subnetworks is in fact minimal and can be further reduced with principled choice of the member nodes. In addition, we show that minimal connectivity is required to maintain agreement throughout the whole network. The result is a low-latency consensus algorithm which still maintains robustness in the face of Byzantine failures. We present this algorithm in its embodiment in the Ripple Protocol.
Application of smart antenna technologies in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is a promising solution to increase the lifetime of wireless nodes and hence alleviate the energy bottleneck of energy constrained wireless networks. As an alternative to conventional energy harvesting techniques, SWIPT relies on the use of radio frequency signals, and is expected to bring some fundamental changes to the design of wireless communication networks. This article focuses on the application of advanced smart antenna technologies to SWIPT, including multiple-input multiple-output and relaying techniques. These smart antenna technologies have the potential to significantly improve the energy efficiency and also the spectral efficiency of SWIPT. Different network topologies with single and multiple users are investigated, along with some promising solutions to achieve a favorable trade-off between system performance and complexity. A detailed discussion of future research challenges for the design of SWIPT systems is also provided.
Neural Networks with Few Multiplications

For most deep learning algorithms training is notoriously time consuming. Since most of the computation in training neural networks is typically spent on floating point multiplications, we investigate an approach to training that eliminates the need for most of these. Our method consists of two parts: First we stochastically binarize weights to convert multiplications involved in computing hidden states to sign changes. Second, while back-propagating error derivatives, in addition to binarizing the weights, we quantize the representations at each layer to convert the remaining multiplications into binary shifts. Experimental results across 3 popular datasets (MNIST, CIFAR10, SVHN) show that this approach not only does not hurt classification performance but can result in even better performance than standard stochastic gradient descent training, paving the way to fast, hardwarefriendly training of neural networks.
Improving the reliability of commodity operating systems

Despite decades of research in extensible operating system technology, extensions such as device drivers remain a significant cause of system failures. In Windows XP, for example, drivers account for 85&percent; of recently reported failures.This article describes Nooks, a reliability subsystem that seeks to greatly enhance operating system (OS) reliability by isolating the OS from driver failures. The Nooks approach is practical: rather than guaranteeing complete fault tolerance through a new (and incompatible) OS or driver architecture, our goal is to prevent the vast majority of driver-caused crashes with little or no change to the existing driver and system code. Nooks isolates drivers within lightweight protection domains inside the kernel address space, where hardware and software prevent them from corrupting the kernel. Nooks also tracks a driver's use of kernel resources to facilitate automatic cleanup during recovery.To prove the viability of our approach, we implemented Nooks in the Linux operating system and used it to fault-isolate several device drivers. Our results show that Nooks offers a substantial increase in the reliability of operating systems, catching and quickly recovering from many faults that would otherwise crash the system. Under a wide range and number of fault conditions, we show that Nooks recovers automatically from 99&percent; of the faults that otherwise cause Linux to crash.While Nooks was designed for drivers, our techniques generalize to other kernel extensions. We demonstrate this by isolating a kernel-mode file system and an in-kernel Internet service. Overall, because Nooks supports existing C-language extensions, runs on a commodity operating system and hardware, and enables automated recovery, it represents a substantial step beyond the specialized architectures and type-safe languages required by previous efforts directed at safe extensibility.
Behavioral response to phishing risk

Tools that aim to combat phishing attacks must take into account how and why people fall for them in order to be effective. This study reports a pilot survey of 232 computer users to reveal predictors of falling for phishing emails, as well as trusting legitimate emails. Previous work suggests that people may be vulnerable to phishing schemes because their awareness of the risks is not linked to perceived vulnerability or to useful strategies in identifying phishing emails. In this survey, we explore what factors are associated with falling for phishing attacks in a role-play exercise. Our data suggest that deeper understanding of the web environment, such as being able to correctly interpret URLs and understanding what a lock signifies, is associated with less vulnerability to phishing attacks. Perceived severity of the consequences does not predict behavior. These results suggest that educational efforts should aim to increase users' intuitive understanding, rather than merely warning them about risks.
UHF RFID Localization Based on Phase Evaluation of Passive Tag Arrays

This paper presents a 2-D localization system based on phase-of-arrival evaluation of passive ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders. To handle the ambiguity caused by phase evaluation, several tags are arranged to form a uniform linear array. A multiple input multiple output system, where sequentially each frontend is configured to work as transmitter, while the remaining frontends serve as receivers, is used to enable position estimation. For proof of concept, a local position measurement system demonstrator was built comprising conventional passive EPCglobal Class-1 Gen-2 UHF RFID tags, one commercial off-the-shelf RFID reader, several transceiver frontends, baseband hardware, and signal processing. Measurements were carried out in an indoor office environment, where the$3.5~{\rm m} \times 2.5$ m measurement zone was surrounded by drywalls and concrete floor and ceiling, and the experimental results showed robust and accurate localization with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.011 m and a maximum error of 0.032 m. These experimental results were confirmed by simulations, which were performed to determine the limits of the system accuracy.
Compliant actuation of rehabilitation robots

This article discusses the pros and cons of compliant actuation for rehabilitation robots on the example of LOPES, focusing on the cons. After illustrating the bandwidth limitations, a new result has been derived: if stability in terms of passivity of the haptic device is desired, the renderable stiffness is bounded by the stiffness of the SEA's elastic component. In practical experiments with the VMC, the aforementioned limitations affected the control performance. Desired gait modifications were not tracked exactly, because the subjects were able to deviate from the prescribed pattern even in the stiffest possible configuration. Despite the limitations, the practical experiments also demonstrated the general effectiveness of the realization. Manipulation of selected gait parameters is possible, whereby other parameters are left unaffected. This high selectivity is made possible by the low level of undesired interaction torques, which is achieved by elastic decoupling of motor mass and a lightweight exoskeleton. The discrepancy between theoretical bounds and rendered stiffness indicated that healthy subjects might represent a stabilizing component of the coupled system, which could be different for patients. In light of the theoretical stability analysis and with the focus on patients, the LOPES actuation was slightly modified. The robot was equipped with stiffer springs to obtain sufficient stiffness and to ensure stability without relying on stabilizing effects of the human. For this application, the disadvantages of compliant actuation can thus be tolerated or dealt with, and they are small compared with the advantages. Given that a rehabilitation robot, in the first place, is supposed to imitate therapist action, the limitations of bandwidth and stiffness do not pose severe problems. In contrast, safety and backdrivability are highly relevant, and they can be ensured easier with a compliant actuator. Therefore, we conclude that compliant actuation and a lightweight exoskeleton provide effective means to accomplish the desired AAN behavior of a rehabilitation robot. The next step is to evaluate the robot behavior, control performance, and therapeutic effectiveness in patient studies.
The Emerging Role of Electronic Marketplaces on the Internet

Markets play a central role in the economy, facilitating the exchange of information, goods, services and payments. In the process, they create economic value for buyers, sellers, market intermediaries and for society at large. Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the role of information technology in markets, both in traditional markets, and in the emergence of electronic marketplaces, such as the multitude of Internet-based online auctions.
Character-Focused Narrative Generation for Execution in Virtual Worlds

Because narrative plays such a key role in the understanding of events in our daily lives, the ability to generate narrative can be of great use in virtual reality systems whose purpose is to entertain, train, or educate their users. Narrative generation, however, is complicated by the conflicting goals of plot coherence – the appearance that events in the narrative lead towards the narrative’s outcome – and character believability – the appearance that events in the narrative are driven by the traits of the story world characters. Many systems are capable of achieving either one or the other; we present a new approach to narrative generation in the Actor Conference system, which is capable of generating narratives with both plot coherence and character believability. These narratives are declarative in nature, readily lending themselves to execution by embodied agents in virtual reality environments.