nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Runner BIB number recognition system

This research represents the runner BIB number recognition system to develop image processing study which solves problems and increases efficiency about runner image management in running fairs. The runner BIB number recognition system processes runner image to recognize BIB number and time when runner appears in media. The information from processing has collected to applicative later. BIB number position is on BIB tag which attach on runner body. To recognize BIB number, the system detects runner position first. This process emphasize on runner face detection in images following to concept of researcher then find BIB number in body-thigh area of runner. The system recognizes BIB number from BIB tag which represents in media. This processing presents 0.80 in precision value, 0.81 in recall value and F-measure is 0.80. The results display the runner BIB number recognition system has developed with high efficiency and can be applied for runner online communities in actual situation. The runner BIB number recognition system decreases problems about runner image processing and increases comfortable for runners when find images from running fairs. Moreover, the system can be applied in commercial to increase benefits in running business.
Hosting via Airbnb: Motivations and Financial Assurances in Monetized Network Hospitality

We examine how financial assurance structures and the clearly defined financial transaction at the core of monetized network hospitality reduce uncertainty for Airbnb hosts and guests. We apply the principles of social exchange and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to a qualitative study of Airbnb hosts to 1) describe activities that are facilitated by the peer-to-peer exchange platform and 2) how the assurance of the initial financial exchange facilitates additional social exchanges between hosts and guests. The study illustrates that the financial benefits of hosting do not necessarily crowd out intrinsic motivations for hosting but instead strengthen them and even act as a gateway to further social exchange and interpersonal interaction. We describe the assurance structures in networked peer-to-peer exchange, and explain how such assurances can reconcile contention between extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. We conclude with implications for design and future research.
Superscalar instruction execution in the 21164 Alpha microprocessor

The 21164 is a new quad-issue, superscalar Alpha microprocessor that executes 1.2 billion instructions per second. The 300-MHz, 0.5-μm CMOS chip delivers an estimated 345/505 SPECint32/SPECfp92 performance. The design's high clock rate, low operational latency, and high-throughput/nonblocking memory systems contribute to this performance.
High precision natural language interfaces to databases: a graph theoretic approach

The need for Natural Language Interfaces (NLIs) to databases has become increasingly acute as more nontechnical people access information through their web browsers, PDAs, and cell phones. Yet NLIs are only usable if they map natural language questions to SQL queries correctly. In this paper, we introduce the PRECISE NLI, which reduces the semantic interpretation challenge in NLIs to a graph matching problem. We show that, for a broad class of natural language questions, PRECISE is guaranteed to return a correct SQL query. We compare PRECISE with Microsoft’s English Query product and with Mooney’s latest learning NLI on three benchmark databases. We find that both PRECISE and the learning NLI make fewer errors than the Microsoft product by a factor of four or more in each database. PRECISE handles a narrower class of questions than the learning NLI, but does so with fewer errors and without making use of training examples.
Development and assessment of a powered 3D-printed prosthetic hand for transmetacarpal amputees

New proposals for prosthetic hands fabricated by means of 3D printing are either body-powered for partial hand amputees or myoelectric powered prostheses for transradial amputees. There are no current studies to develop powered 3D printed prostheses for transmetacarpal, probably because at this level of amputation there is little space to fit actuators and their associated electronics. In this work, a design of a 3D-printed hand prosthesis for transmetacarpal amputees and powered by DC micromotors is presented. Four-bar linkage mechanisms were used for the index, middle, ring and little fingers flexion movements, while a mechanism of cylindrical gears and worm drive were used for the thumb. Additionally, a method for customizing prosthetic fingers to match a user specific anthropometry is proposed. Sensors and actuators' selection is explained, and a position control algorithm was developed for each local controller by modeling the DC motors and transmission mechanisms. Finally, a basic control scheme was tested on the prototype for velocity and force evaluation.
Fast and Accurate Pedestrian Detection using Dual-Stage Group Cost-Sensitive RealBoost with Vector Form Filters

Despite significant research efforts in pedestrian detection over the past decade, there is still a ten-fold performance gap between the state-of-the-art methods and human perception. Deep learning methods can provide good performance but suffers from high computational complexity which prohibits their deployment on affordable systems with limited computational resources. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian detection framework that provides a major fillip to the robustness and run-time efficiency of the recent top performing non-deep learning Filtered Channel Feature (FCF) approach. The proposed framework overcomes the computational bottleneck of existing FCF methods by exploiting vector form filters to efficiently extract more discriminative channel features for pedestrian detection. A novel dual-stage group cost-sensitive RealBoost algorithm is used to explore different costs among different types of misclassification in the boosting process in order to improve detection performance. In addition, we propose two strategies, selective classification and selective scale processing, to further accelerate the detection process at the channel feature level and image pyramid level respectively. Experiments on the Caltech and INRIA datasets show that the proposed method achieves the highest detection performance among all the state-of-the-art non-CNN methods and is about 148X faster than the existing best performing FCF method on the Caltech dataset.
Why patterns are not enough : some suggestions concerning an organising principle for patterns of UI design

Taxonomise It must allow users to locate or select material from a large corpus; to find the pattern(s) they need. • Proximate It must allow users to locate supporting, perhaps inter-related, patterns applicable to their solution – both “broader” and “narrower”. (This use mirrors known designer behaviour, to jump between levels and layers of the problem, undertaking “opportunistic forays into design detail”) • Evaluative It would be desirable if an organising principle allowed users to consider the problem from different viewpoints – so that they could evaluate and change their approach, or, equally, confirm the quality of their existing solution • Generative It should allow users to build new solutions, not previously considered.
Muscle motor point identification is essential for optimizing neuromuscular electrical stimulation use

Transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied in clinical settings is currently characterized by a wide heterogeneity of stimulation protocols and modalities. Practitioners usually refer to anatomic charts (often provided with the user manuals of commercially available stimulators) for electrode positioning, which may lead to inconsistent outcomes, poor tolerance by the patients, and adverse reactions. Recent evidence has highlighted the crucial importance of stimulating over the muscle motor points to improve the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Nevertheless, the correct electrophysiological definition of muscle motor point and its practical significance are not always fully comprehended by therapists and researchers in the field. The commentary describes a straightforward and quick electrophysiological procedure for muscle motor point identification. It consists in muscle surface mapping by using a stimulation pen-electrode and it is aimed at identifying the skin area above the muscle where the motor threshold is the lowest for a given electrical input, that is the skin area most responsive to electrical stimulation. After the motor point mapping procedure, a proper placement of the stimulation electrode(s) allows neuromuscular electrical stimulation to maximize the evoked tension, while minimizing the dose of the injected current and the level of discomfort. If routinely applied, we expect this procedure to improve both stimulation effectiveness and patient adherence to the treatment. The aims of this clinical commentary are to present an optimized procedure for the application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and to highlight the clinical implications related to its use.
Analysis and simulation of power inverter with load variation for induction heating applications

All induction heating applied systems are developed using electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic induction refers to the phenomenon by which electric current is generated in a closed circuit by the fluctuation of current in another circuit placed next to it. The basic principle of induction heating is that AC current flowing through a primarily circuit induces a current in the load (the secondary circuit) located near it and heating the load. The intent of this presentation is to present the details of half-bridge power inverter via a comprehensive analysis with operation equations of the circuit and their solving using specific sotware. An alternative to the use of circuit-oriented simulators for study of these circuits operating is to describe the circuit and the controller by means of differential and algebraic equations. We must develop the equations for all possible states in which the circuit may operate. These algebraic/differential equations can be solved by using of software packages specifically designed for this purpose that provide a choice of integration routines, graphical output, and so on.
Redox mechanisms in hepatic chronic wound healing and fibrogenesis

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated within cells or, more generally, in a tissue environment, may easily turn into a source of cell and tissue injury. Aerobic organisms have developed evolutionarily conserved mechanisms and strategies to carefully control the generation of ROS and other oxidative stress-related radical or non-radical reactive intermediates (that is, to maintain redox homeostasis), as well as to 'make use' of these molecules under physiological conditions as tools to modulate signal transduction, gene expression and cellular functional responses (that is, redox signalling). However, a derangement in redox homeostasis, resulting in sustained levels of oxidative stress and related mediators, can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of major human diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, chronic activation of wound healing and tissue fibrogenesis. This review has been designed to first offer a critical introduction to current knowledge in the field of redox research in order to introduce readers to the complexity of redox signalling and redox homeostasis. This will include ready-to-use key information and concepts on ROS, free radicals and oxidative stress-related reactive intermediates and reactions, sources of ROS in mammalian cells and tissues, antioxidant defences, redox sensors and, more generally, the major principles of redox signalling and redox-dependent transcriptional regulation of mammalian cells. This information will serve as a basis of knowledge to introduce the role of ROS and other oxidative stress-related intermediates in contributing to essential events, such as the induction of cell death, the perpetuation of chronic inflammatory responses, fibrogenesis and much more, with a major focus on hepatic chronic wound healing and liver fibrogenesis.
The placebo effect: how the subconscious fits in.

The placebo effect is very well known, being replicated in many scientific studies. At the same time, its exact mechanisms still remain unknown. Quite a few hypothetical explanations for the placebo effect have been suggested, including faith, belief, hope, classical conditioning, conscious/subconscious expectation, endorphins, and the meaning response. This article argues that all these explanations may boil down to autosuggestion, in the sense of "communication with the subconscious." An important implication of this is that the placebo effect can in principle be used effectively without the placebo itself, through a direct use of autosuggestion. The benefits of such a strategy are clear: fewer side effects from medications, huge cost savings, no deception of patients, relief of burden on the physician's time, and healing in domains where medication or other therapies are problematic.
Introduction to Artificial Neural Network ( ANN ) Methods : What They Are and How to Use Them

Basic concepts of ANNs together with three most widely used ANN learning strategies (error back-propagation, Kohonen, and counterpropagation) are explained and discussed. In order to show how the explained methods can be applied to chemical problems, one simple example, the classification and the prediction of the origin of different olive oil samples, each represented by eigtht fatty acid concentrations, is worked out in detail.
Sub-50μ;W, 2.4 GHz super-regenerative transceiver with ultra low duty cycle and a 675μW high impedance super-regenerative receiver

This paper describes how duty cycling can reduce the power consumption of an on off keying (OOK), 2.4 GHz, super regenerative transceiver from 400 muW for the transmit (Tx) to 30 muW and from 380 muW for the receive (Rx) to 10 muW. This is a power reduction of 92.5 % for the Tx and 97.4 % for the Rx. Despite the low power consumption exhibited by the Tx an effective output power of -11 dBm is achieved. This is due to the fact that the Tx oscillator is turned on for a very short period of time compared to the bit period. The output of the Rx is then lengthened digitally to reproduce the correct duty cycle. The duty cycled Rx achieves an output voltage of 1 mV for an input power of -50 dBm. Also presented is a high impedance receiver which produces an output of 5 mV for an input power of -90 dBm.
Prevalence of Lipohypertrophy and Associated Risk Factors in Insulin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Secondary failure of oral hypoglycemic agents is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); thus, patients often need insulin therapy. The most common complication of insulin treatment is lipohypertrophy (LH).



This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of LH among insulin-treated patients with Patients with T2DM, to identify the risk factors for the development of LH, and to examine the association between LH and glycemic control.



A total of 1090 patients with T2DM aged 20 to 89 years, who attended the diabetes clinics at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics (NCDEG, Amman, Jordan) between October 2011 and January 2012, were enrolled. The presence of LH was examined by inspection and palpation of insulin injection sites at the time of the visit as relevant clinical and laboratory data were obtained. The LH was defined as a local tumor-like swelling of subcutaneous fatty tissue at the site of repeated insulin injections.



The overall prevalence of LH was 37.3% (27.4% grade 1, 9.7% grade 2, and 0.2% grade 3). The LH was significantly associated with the duration of diabetes, needle length, duration of insulin therapy, lack of systematic rotation of insulin injection sites, and poor glycemic control.



The LH is a common problem in insulin-treated Jordanian patients with T2DM. More efforts are needed to educate patients and health workers on simple interventions such as using shorter needles and frequent rotation of the insulin injection sites to avoid LH and improve glycemic control.
A fatal intoxication following the ingestion of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in an ayahuasca preparation.

A case of a 25-year-old white male who was found dead the morning after consuming herbal extracts containing beta-carbolines and hallucinogenic tryptamines is presented. No anatomic cause of death was found at autopsy. Toxicologic analysis of the heart blood identified N,N-dimethyltryptamine (0.02 mg/L), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (1.88 mg/L), tetrahydroharmine (0.38 mg/L), harmaline (0.07 mg/L), and harmine (0.17 mg/L). All substances were extracted by a single-step n-butyl chloride extraction following alkalinization with borate buffer. Detection and quantitation was performed using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. The medical examiner ruled that the cause of death was hallucinogenic amine intoxication, and the manner of death was undetermined.
Entity Linking in Queries: Tasks and Evaluation

Annotating queries with entities is one of the core problem areas in query understanding. While seeming similar, the task of entity linking in queries is different from entity linking in documents and requires a methodological departure due to the inherent ambiguity of queries. We differentiate between two specific tasks, semantic mapping and interpretation finding, discuss current evaluation methodology, and propose refinements. We examine publicly available datasets for these tasks and introduce a new manually curated dataset for interpretation finding. To further deepen the understanding of task differences, we present a set of approaches for effectively addressing these tasks and report on experimental results.
Modeling of Adaptive Cyber Physical Systems using Aspect-oriented Approach

This paper proposes an aspect-oriented approach to modelin g adaptive cyber physical system (CPS) using Petri nets. The core concerns of CPSs are described as device model and task m odel, and dynamic variations of system behaviors or environ ment conditions are extracted as crosscutting concerns. The mod ls f runtime inspection as well as device adaptation and ta sk adaptation are designed as aspects nets. For the device adaptation stra tegy, f ult types are analyzed and the control loop concept i s integrated to form the adaptation aspect model. For the task adaptation, a rescheduling method using PSO-Pareto algorithm to find the b est solution of the backup devices is proposed. Via well-defined rules, thes e aspect nets can be weaved with the core concern nets into a co mprehensive adaptive CPS model. By theoretical analysis and a case study , we show the modeling approach is feasible and flexible, whic h simplifies the design of adaptive CPSs.
Adult Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis.

Adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis is a 3-dimensional deformity defined as a coronal deviation of greater than 10°. It causes significant pain and disability in the elderly. With the aging of the population, the incidence of adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis will continue to increase. During the past decade, advancements in surgical techniques and instrumentation have changed the management of adult spinal deformity and led to improved long-term outcomes. In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis.  2017; 40(6):e930-e939.].
A unified formula for light-adapted pupil size.

The size of the pupil has a large effect on visual function, and pupil size depends mainly on the adapting luminance, modulated by other factors. Over the last century, a number of formulas have been proposed to describe this dependence. Here we review seven published formulas and develop a new unified formula that incorporates the effects of luminance, size of the adapting field, age of the observer, and whether one or both eyes are adapted. We provide interactive demonstrations and software implementations of the unified formula.
CAD Modeling of Coplanar Waveguide Interdigital Capacitor

A lumped-element circuit is proposed to model a coplanar waveguide (CPW) interdigital capacitor (IDC). Closed-form expressions suitable for CAD purposes are given for each element in the circuit. The obtained results for the series capacitance are in good agreement with those available in the literature. In addition, the scattering parameters obtained from the circuit model are compared with those obtained using the full-wave method of moments (MoM) and good agreement is obtained. Moreover, a multilayer feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) is developed to model the capacitance of the CPW IDC. It is shown that the developed ANN has successfully learned the required task of evaluating the capacitance of the IDC.  Int J RF and Microwave CAE 15: 551–559, 2005.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Statement: A Conceptual Framework to Assess the Value of Cancer Treatment Options.

Lowell E. Schnipper, Nancy E. Davidson, Dana S. Wollins, Courtney Tyne, Douglas W. Blayney, Diane Blum, Adam P. Dicker, Patricia A. Ganz, J. Russell Hoverman, Robert Langdon, Gary H. Lyman, Neal J. Meropol, Therese Mulvey, Lee Newcomer, Jeffrey Peppercorn, Blase Polite, Derek Raghavan, Gregory Rossi, Leonard Saltz, Deborah Schrag, Thomas J. Smith, Peter P. Yu, Clifford A. Hudis, and Richard L. Schilsky
Combined tears of the subscapularis and supraspinatus tendon: clinical outcome, rotator cuff strength and structural integrity following open repair

Anterosuperior rotator cuff tears involving the subscapularis and supraspinatus tendons are less common than other tears of the rotator cuff. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcome, rotator cuff strength and structural integrity of open repair of combined anterosuperior rotator cuff tears. Forty-eight patients at an average age of 58 years underwent open repair of a combined supraspinatus and subscapularis tendon tear. The follow-up evaluation included clinical scores, rotator cuff strength testing with a custom-made force measurement plate (FMP) and postoperative MRI to evaluate repair integrity and muscle cross-sectional area. After a mean follow-up of 49 months the average Constant score improved from 43 points preoperatively to 79 points postoperatively. The SST and the pain VAS were significantly improved by the procedure (each <0.05). The combined tear group with partial subscapularis tears (G1) did not achieve significantly better score results than the combined tear group with a full-thickness subscapularis tear (G2) (p > 0.05). Strength for all rotator cuff components was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) compared with the contralateral shoulder in both groups. MRI revealed a retear-rate of 4% for the subscapularis and a retear-rate of 19% for the supraspinatus. Postoperative muscle cross-sectional area of all rotator cuff muscles did not differ significantly between G1 and G2 (p > 0.05). Open repair of combined anterosuperior rotator cuff tears achieved good postoperative results despite a residual rotator cuff strength deficit. Combined supraspinatus-/full-thickness subscapularis tears achieved equal clinical and radiographic results compared with supraspinatus-/partial-thickness subscapularis tears.