nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing New Product Development and Supply Chain Risks : The Boeing 787

Since the U.S. government deregulated air travel in 1977, more airlines have entered the market causing fierce price competition. As airfares continued to decline, the total number of U.S. passengers per year has risen from approximately 240 million to 640 million from 1977 to 1999. At the same time, U.S. commercial aircraft manufacturers have faced major competition from European companies. After losing market share to Airbus (owned by EADS) in the late 1990s, Boeing was under pressure to decide between two basic competitive strategies: reduce the costs (and the selling prices) of existing types of aircraft or develop a new aircraft to raise revenues through value creation. In 2003, Boeing decided to focus on creating additional value for its customers (airlines) and their passengers by developing an innovative aircraft: the 787 Dreamliner. (Throughout this paper, we shall use the term " 787 Dreamliner, " " 787, " and " Dreamliner " interchangeably.) First, Boeing's value-creation strategy for the passengers was to improve their travel experience through redesigning the aircraft and offering significant improvements in comfort. For instance, relative to other aircrafts, over 50% of the primary structure of the 787 aircraft (including the fuselage and wing) would be made of composite materials (Hawk, 2005). As compared to the traditional material (aluminum) used in airplane manufacturing, the composite material allows for increased humidity and pressure to be maintained in the passenger cabin, offering substantial improvement to the flying experience. Also, the lightweight composite materials enable the Dreamliner to take long-haul flights. Consequently, the Dreamliner allows airlines to offer direct/nonstop flights between any pair of cities without layovers, which is preferred by most international travelers (Hucko, 2007). Table 1 and Figure 1 (p. 75) compare the 787 aircraft with other popular aircrafts. Second, Boeing's value-creation strategy for its key immediate customers (the airlines) and its end customers (the passengers) was to improve flight operational efficiency by providing big-jet ranges to midsize airplanes while flying at approximately the same speed (Mach 0.85). 3 This efficiency would allow airlines to offer economical nonstop flights to and from more and smaller cities. In addition, with a capacity between 210 and 330 passengers and a range of up to 8,500 nautical miles, the 787 Dreamliner is designed to use 20% less fuel for comparable missions than today's similarly sized airplanes. The cost-per-seat mile is expected to be 10% lower than for any other aircraft. Also, unlike …
Legius syndrome, an Update. Molecular pathology of mutations in SPRED1.

Multiple café-au-lait macules (CALMs) are the hallmark of Von Recklinghausen disease, or neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). In 2007 we reported that some individuals with multiple CALMs have a heterozygous mutation in the SPRED1 gene and have NF1-like syndrome, or Legius syndrome. Individuals with Legius syndrome have multiple CALMs with or without freckling, but they do not show the typical NF1-associated tumors such as neurofibromas or optic pathway gliomas. NF1-associated bone abnormalities and Lisch nodules are also not reported in patients with Legius syndrome. Consequently, individuals with Legius syndrome require less intense medical surveillance than those with NF1. The SPRED1 gene was identified in 2001 and codes for a protein that downregulates the RAS-mitogen activated protein kinase (RAS-MAPK) pathway; as does neurofibromin, the protein encoded by the NF1 gene. It is estimated that about 1-4% of individuals with multiple CALMs have a heterozygous SPRED1 mutation. Mutational and clinical data on 209 patients with Legius syndrome are tabulated in an online database (http://www.lovd.nl/SPRED1). Mice with homozygous knockout of the Spred1 gene show learning deficits and decreased synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons similar to those seen in Nf1 heterozygous mice, underlining the importance of the RAS-MAPK pathway for learning and memory. Recently, specific binding between neurofibromin and SPRED1 was demonstrated. SPRED1 seems to play an important role in recruiting neurofibromin to the plasma membrane.
Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative therapies for cognitive behavioral therapy for treating chronic pain patients. To assess the effects of acceptance-based interventions on patients with chronic pain, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled and noncontrolled studies reporting effects on mental and physical health of pain patients. All studies were rated for quality. Primary outcome measures were pain intensity and depression. Secondary outcomes were anxiety, physical wellbeing, and quality of life. Twenty-two studies (9 randomized controlled studies, 5 clinical controlled studies [without randomization] and 8 noncontrolled studies) were included, totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain. An effect size on pain of 0.37 was found for the controlled studies. The effect on depression was 0.32. The quality of the studies was not found to moderate the effects of acceptance-based interventions. The results suggest that at present mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are not superior to cognitive behavioral therapy but can be good alternatives. More high-quality studies are needed. It is recommended to focus on therapies that integrate mindfulness and behavioral therapy. Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients. These effects are comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy.
Granulomatous pigmented purpuric dermatosis.

Granulomatous pigmented purpuric dermatosis (GPPD) is a rare histologic variant of pigmented purpuric dermatosis (PPD). It includes classic histology changes of PPD with superimposed granulomas. This variant is thought to be associated with hyperlipidemia and is found predominantly in individuals in the Far East; however, a review of the literature that included 26 documented cases of GPPD revealed these associations might be becoming less clear. We report a case of GPPD in an elderly white man who had an eruption involving the majority of the lower legs.
The use of mobile technology for online shopping and entertainment among older adults in Finland

Older adults are becoming an important market segment for all internet-based services, but few studies to date have considered older adults as online shoppers and users of entertainment media. Utilising the concept of life course, this article investigates the use of mobile technologies for online shopping and entertainment among consumers aged 55 to 74. The data were collected with a web-based survey completed by a panel of respondents representing Finnish television viewers (N=322). The results reveal that consumers aged 55 to 74 use a smartphone or tablet to purchase products or services online as often as younger consumers. In contrast, listening to internet radio and watching videos or programmes online with a smartphone or tablet are most typical for younger male consumers. The results demonstrate that mobile-based online shopping is best predicted by age, higher education, and household type (children living at home), and use of entertainment media by age and gender.
A Review of Prognostic Techniques for High-Power White LEDs

High-power white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted much attention due to their versatility in a variety of applications and growing demand in markets such as general lighting, automotive lamps, communications devices, and medical devices. In particular, the need for high reliability and long lifetime poses new challenges for the research and development, production, and application of LED lighting. Accurate and effective prediction of the lifetime or reliability of LED lighting has emerged as one of the key issues in the solid-state lighting field. Prognostic is an engineering technology that predicts the future reliability or determines the remaining useful lifetime of a product by assessing the extent of deviation or degradation of a product from its expected normal operating conditions. Prognostics bring benefits to both LED developers and users, such as optimizing system design, shortening qualification test times, enabling condition-based maintenance for LED-based systems, and providing information for return-on-investment analysis. This paper provides an overview of the prognostic methods and models that have been applied to both LED devices and LED systems, especially for use in long-term operational conditions. These methods include statistical regression, static Bayesian network, Kalman filtering, particle filtering, artificial neural network, and physics-based methods. The general concepts and main features of these methods, the advantages and disadvantages of applying these methods, as well as LED application case studies, are discussed. The fundamental issues of prognostics and photoelectrothermal theory for LED systems are also discussed for clear understanding of the reliability and lifetime concepts for LEDs. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in developing effective prognostic techniques are addressed.
Chemosensitivity prediction by transcriptional profiling.

In an effort to develop a genomics-based approach to the prediction of drug response, we have developed an algorithm for classification of cell line chemosensitivity based on gene expression profiles alone. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, the expression levels of 6,817 genes were measured in a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines (the NCI-60) for which the chemosensitivity profiles of thousands of chemical compounds have been determined. We sought to determine whether the gene expression signatures of untreated cells were sufficient for the prediction of chemosensitivity. Gene expression-based classifiers of sensitivity or resistance for 232 compounds were generated and then evaluated on independent sets of data. The classifiers were designed to be independent of the cells' tissue of origin. The accuracy of chemosensitivity prediction was considerably better than would be expected by chance. Eighty-eight of 232 expression-based classifiers performed accurately (with P < 0.05) on an independent test set, whereas only 12 of the 232 would be expected to do so by chance. These results suggest that at least for a subset of compounds genomic approaches to chemosensitivity prediction are feasible.
GEMSEC: Graph Embedding with Self Clustering

Modern graph embedding procedures can efficiently extract features of nodes from graphs with millions of nodes. The features are later used as inputs for downstream predictive tasks. In this paper we propose GEMSEC a graph embedding algorithm which learns a clustering of the nodes simultaneously with computing their features. The procedure places nodes in an abstract feature space where the vertex features minimize the negative log likelihood of preserving sampled vertex neighborhoods, while the nodes are clustered into a fixed number of groups in this space. GEMSEC is a general extension of earlier work in the domain as it is an augmentation of the core optimization problem of sequence based graph embedding procedures and is agnostic of the neighborhood sampling strategy. We show that GEMSEC extracts high quality clusters on real world social networks and is competitive with other community detection algorithms. We demonstrate that the clustering constraint has a positive effect on representation quality and also that our procedure learns to embed and cluster graphs jointly in a robust and scalable manner.
A conformal sensor for wireless sweat level monitoring

A conformal, wearable and wireless system for continuously monitoring the local body sweat loss during exercise is demonstrated in this work. The sensor system includes a sweat absorber, an inter-digitated capacitance sensor, and a communication hub for data processing and transmission. Experimental results show that the sensor has excellent sensitivity and consistent response to sweat rate and level. A 150% variation in the sensor capacitance is observed with 50μL/cm2 of sweat collected in the absorber. During wear tests, the sensor system is placed on the subject's right anterior thigh for measuring the local sweat response during exercise (eg. running), and the measured sweat loss (147μL) was verified by the weight change within the absorbent material (144mg). With a conformal and wireless design, this system is ideal for applications in sport performance, dehydration monitoring, and health assessment.
The Permian bacterium that isn't.

There is growing evidence for the presence of viable microorganisms in geological salt formations that are millions of years old. It is still not known, however, whether these bacteria are dormant organisms that are themselves millions of years old or whether the salt crystals merely provide a habitat in which contemporary microorganisms can grow, perhaps interspersed with relatively short periods of dormancy (McGenity et al. 2000). Vreeland, Rosenzweig and Powers (2000) have recently reported the isolation and growth of a halotolerant spore-formingBacillus species from a brine inclusion within a 250-Myr-old salt crystal from the Permian Salado Formation in New Mexico. This bacterium, Bacillus strain 2-9-3, was informally christened Bacillus permians, and a 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced and deposited in GenBank under the name B. permians (accession number AF166093). It has been claimed thatB. permians was trapped inside the salt crystal 250 MYA and survived within the crystal until the present, most probably as a spore. Serious doubts have been raised concerning the possibility of spore survival for 250 Myr (Tomas Lindahl, personal communication), mostly because spores contain no active DNA repair enzymes, so the DNA is expected to decay into small fragments due to such factors as the natural radioactive radiation in the soil, and the bacterium is expected to lose its viability within at most several hundred years (Lindahl 1993). In this note, we apply theproof-of-the-pudding-is-in-the-eating principle to test whether the newly reported B. permians 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence is ancient or not. There are several reasons to doubt the antiquity of B. permians. The first concerns the extraordinary similarity of its 16S rRNA gene sequence to that of Bacillus marismortui. Bacillus marismortui was described by Arahal et al. (1999) as a moderately halophilic species from the Dead Sea and was later renamed Salibacillus marismortui (Arahal et al. 2000). TheB. permians sequence differs from that of S. marismortui by only one transition and one transversion out of the 1,555 aligned and unambiguously determined nucleotides. In comparison, the 16S rRNA gene fromStaphylococcus succinus, which was claimed to be ‘‘25–35 million years old’’ (Lambert et al. 1998), differs from its homolog in its closest present-day relative (a urinary pathogen called Staphylococcus saprophyticus) by 19 substitutions out of 1,525 aligned nucleotides. Using Kimura’s (1980) two-parameter model, the difference between the B. permians and S. marismortui sequences translates into 1.3
Performance Evaluation of Remote Access VPN Protocols on Wireless Networks

VPN solutions can be deployed on a wireless network infrastructure to secure transmission between wireless clients and their wired enterprise network. There are many software platforms that can be used to implement software-based VPN solution such as windows, Linux, Solaris, Mac, and BSD. In this paper, the performance evaluation of some remote access VPN solutions, namely Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol over Internet Protocol Security (L2TP/IPSec), and Secure Socket Layer (SSL) will be empirically investigated on wireless networks. Some of QoS performance metrics like throughput, latency, jitter, and packet loss are measured to explore the impact of these VPNs on the ultimate performance perceived by end user applications. All experiments were conducted using wireless VPN client (vpn01Client) connected to domain controller server (dc01Server) through VPN server (vpn01Server).
Design of low voltage bandgap reference circuit using subthreshold MOSFET

In this paper, we present the design of a low voltage bandgap reference (LVBGR) circuit for supply voltage of 1.2V which can generate an output reference voltage of 0.363V. Traditional BJT based bandgap reference circuits give very precise output reference but power and area consumed by these BJT devices is larger so for low supply bandgap reference we chose MOSFETs operating in subthreshold region based reference circuits. LVBGR circuits with less sensitivity to supply voltage and temperature is used in both analog and digital circuits like high precise comparators used in data converter, phase-locked loop, ring oscillator, memory systems, implantable biomedical product etc. In the proposed circuit subthreshold MOSFETs temperature characteristics are used to achieve temperature compensation of output voltage reference and it can work under very low supply voltage. A PMOS structure 2stage opamp which will be operating in subthreshold region is designed for the proposed LVBGR circuit whose gain is 89.6dB and phase margin is 74 °. Finally a LVBGR circuit is designed which generates output voltage reference of 0.364V given with supply voltage of 1.2 V with 10 % variation and temperature coefficient of 240ppm/ °C is obtained for output reference voltage variation with respect to temperature over a range of 0 to 100°C. The output reference voltage exhibits a variation of 230μV with a supply range of 1.08V to 1.32V at typical process corner. The proposed LVBGR circuit for 1.2V supply is designed with the Mentor Graphics Pyxis tool using 130nm technology with EldoSpice simulator. Overall current consumed by the circuit is 900nA and also the power consumed by the entire LVBGR circuit is 0.9μW and the PSRR of the LVBGR circuit is -70dB.
Utopias of Participation: Feminism, Design, and the Futures

This essay addresses the question of how participatory design (PD) researchers and practitioners can pursue commitments to social justice and democracy while retaining commitments to reflective practice, the voices of the marginal, and design experiments “in the small.” I argue that contemporary feminist utopianism has, on its own terms, confronted similar issues, and I observe that it and PD pursue similar agendas, but with complementary strengths. I thus propose a cooperative engagement between feminist utopianism and PD at the levels of theory, methodology, and on-the-ground practice. I offer an analysis of a case—an urban renewal project in Taipei, Taiwan—as a means of exploring what such a cooperative engagement might entail. I argue that feminist utopianism and PD have complementary strengths that could be united to develop and to propose alternative futures that reflect democratic values and procedures, emerging technologies and infrastructures as design materials, a commitment to marginalized voices (and the bodies that speak them), and an ambitious, even literary, imagination.
SetExpan: Corpus-Based Set Expansion via Context Feature Selection and Rank Ensemble

Corpus-based set expansion (i.e., finding the “complete” set of entities belonging to the same semantic class, based on a given corpus and a tiny set of seeds) is a critical task in knowledge discovery. It may facilitate numerous downstream applications, such as information extraction, taxonomy induction, question answering, and web search. To discover new entities in an expanded set, previous approaches either make one-time entity ranking based on distributional similarity, or resort to iterative pattern-based bootstrapping. The core challenge for these methods is how to deal with noisy context features derived from free-text corpora, which may lead to entity intrusion and semantic drifting. In this study, we propose a novel framework, SetExpan, which tackles this problem, with two techniques: (1) a context feature selection method that selects clean context features for calculating entity-entity distributional similarity, and (2) a ranking-based unsupervised ensemble method for expanding entity set based on denoised context features. Experiments on three datasets show that SetExpan is robust and outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods in terms of mean average precision.
The doing of doing stuff: understanding the coordination of social group-activities

This paper explores how the adoption of mobile and social computing technologies has impacted upon the way in which we coordinate social group-activities. We present a diary study of 36 individuals that provides an overview of how group coordination is currently performed as well as the challenges people face. Our findings highlight that people primarily use open-channel communication tools (e.g., text messaging, phone calls, email) to coordinate because the alternatives are seen as either disrupting or curbing to the natural conversational processes. Yet the use of open-channel tools often results in conversational overload and a significant disparity of work between coordinating individuals. This in turn often leads to a sense of frustration and confusion about coordination details. We discuss how the findings argue for a significant shift in our thinking about the design of coordination support systems.
Building Cloud-based Biometric Services

Over the next few years the amount of biometric data being at the disposal of various agencies and authentication service providers is expected to grow significantly. Such quantities of data require not only enormous amounts of storage but unprecedented processing power as well. To be able to face this future challenges more and more people are looking towards cloud computing, which can address these challenges quite effectively with its seemingly unlimited storage capacity, rapid data distribution and parallel processing capabilities. Since the available literature on how to implement cloud-based biometric services is extremely scarce, this paper capitalizes on the most important challenges encountered during the development work on biometric services, presents the most important standards and recommendations pertaining to biometric services in the cloud and ultimately, elaborates on the potential value of cloud-based biometric solutions by presenting a few existing (commercial) examples. In the final part of the paper, a case study on fingerprint recognition in the cloud and its integration into the e-learning environment Moodle is presented.