nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Stereo Reconstruction in Robotically Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery

The recovery of 3D tissue structure and morphology during robotic assisted surgery is an important step towards accurate deployment of surgical guidance and control techniques in minimally invasive therapies. In this article, we present a novel stereo reconstruction algorithm that propagates disparity information around a set of candidate feature matches. This has the advantage of avoiding problems with specular highlights, occlusions from instruments and view dependent illumination bias. Furthermore, the algorithm can be used with any feature matching strategy allowing the propagation of depth in very disparate views. Validation is provided for a phantom model with known geometry and this data is available online in order to establish a structured validation scheme in the field. The practical value of the proposed method is further demonstrated by reconstructions on various in vivo images of robotic assisted procedures, which are also available to the community.
Improved Sensorless Operation of a CSI-Based Induction Motor Drive: Long Feeder Case

Various applications, like in underground mines and oil and gas industries, require remote operation of vector-controlled medium-voltage variable speed drives via a long motor feeder. The use of voltage source inverters in such cases leads to motor overvoltage and harmonic quality problems. The current source inverter (CSI) is ideally matched to these applications because of its motor-friendly voltage output. Speed sensorless operation is mandatory due to the long motor feeder. Although the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) is a powerful and proven speed estimation tool, its implementation in long motor feeder drives faces many challenges. Among them, and addressed in this paper, are inherent dc offset in its stator model, the need for actual motor voltage and current values, and oscillations in the estimated speed due to errors in the motor current measurement signals. In this paper, a sensorless CSI vector-controlled drive, suitable for long motor feeder applications, is studied. Improved speed estimation is achieved by proposing 1) a modified dc-offset eliminator for an MRAS speed estimation and 2) a compensation technique for motor current's measurement errors. Intensive experimental results, for a low-voltage scaled model, along with simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
The influence of soccer shoe design on player performance and injuries.

Although soccer is the most popular sport in the world, little research has been published in the field of soccer biomechanics, particularly on the importance of footwear for the game. The traction properties of soccer shoes on natural and artificial turf have been speculated to be responsible for acute and chronic injuries in soccer. This article reviewed the current knowledge on how soccer shoes influence the risk of injuries and how they may serve to improve player performance. Comfort is the highest priority that players want from their shoes, followed by traction and stability. Cleat design and arrangement are important shoe features that allow for fast accelerations and stops, rapid cuts, and turns. Soccer shoe design can influence shooting speed and, even more important for the game of soccer, kicking accuracy. To combine shoe characteristics for injury prevention and better performance will be a challenge for future research on optimizing soccer shoes.
Datacenter RPCs can be General and Fast

It is commonly believed that datacenter networking software must sacri ce generality to attain high performance. The popularity of specialized distributed systems designed speci cally for niche technologies such as RDMA, lossless networks, FPGAs, and programmable switches testi es to this belief. In this paper, we show that such specialization is unnecessary. eRPC is a new general-purpose remote procedure call (RPC) library that o ers performance comparable to specialized systems, while running on commodity CPUs in traditional datacenter networks based on either lossy Ethernet or lossless fabrics. eRPC performs well in three key metrics: message rate for small messages; bandwidth for large messages; and scalability to a large number of nodes and CPU cores. It handles packet loss, congestion, and background request execution. In microbenchmarks, one CPU core can handle up to 5 million small eRPC requests per second, or saturate a 40 Gbps link with large messages. We port a production-grade implementation of Raft state machine replication to eRPC without modifying the core Raft source code. We achieve 5.5 μs of replication latency on lossy Ethernet, which is faster or comparable to specialized replication systems that use programmable switches, FPGAs, or RDMA.
Voltage-Sag Tolerance of DFIG Wind Turbine With a Series Grid Side Passive-Impedance Network

Due to the increase of the number of wind turbines connected directly to the electric utility grid, new regulator codes have been issued that require low-voltage ride-through capability for wind turbines so that they can remain online and support the electric grid during voltage sags. Conventional ride-through techniques for the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) architecture result in compromised control of the turbine shaft and grid current during fault events. In this paper, a series passive-impedance network at the stator side of a DFIG wind turbine is presented. It is easy to control, capable of off-line operation for high efficiency, and low cost for manufacturing and maintenance. The balanced and unbalanced fault responses of a DFIG wind turbine with a series grid side passive-impedance network are examined using computer simulations and hardware experiments.
The Menpo Benchmark for Multi-pose 2D and 3D Facial Landmark Localisation and Tracking

In this article, we present the Menpo 2D and Menpo 3D benchmarks, two new datasets for multi-pose 2D and 3D facial landmark localisation and tracking. In contrast to the previous benchmarks such as 300W and 300VW, the proposed benchmarks contain facial images in both semi-frontal and profile pose. We introduce an elaborate semi-automatic methodology for providing high-quality annotations for both the Menpo 2D and Menpo 3D benchmarks. In Menpo 2D benchmark, different visible landmark configurations are designed for semi-frontal and profile faces, thus making the 2D face alignment full-pose. In Menpo 3D benchmark, a united landmark configuration is designed for both semi-frontal and profile faces based on the correspondence with a 3D face model, thus making face alignment not only full-pose but also corresponding to the real-world 3D space. Based on the considerable number of annotated images, we organised Menpo 2D Challenge and Menpo 3D Challenge for face alignment under large pose variations in conjunction with CVPR 2017 and ICCV 2017, respectively. The results of these challenges demonstrate that recent deep learning architectures, when trained with the abundant data, lead to excellent results. We also provide a very simple, yet effective solution, named Cascade Multi-view Hourglass Model, to 2D and 3D face alignment. In our method, we take advantage of all 2D and 3D facial landmark annotations in a joint way. We not only capitalise on the correspondences between the semi-frontal and profile 2D facial landmarks but also employ joint supervision from both 2D and 3D facial landmarks. Finally, we discuss future directions on the topic of face alignment.
A new solution to the gamer’s dilemma

Luck (2009) argues that gamers face a dilemma when it comes to performing certain virtual acts. Most gamers regularly commit acts of virtual murder, and take these acts to be morally permissible. They are permissible because unlike real murder, no one is harmed in performing them; their only victims are computer-controlled characters, and such characters are not moral patients. What Luck points out is that this justification equally applies to virtual pedophelia, but gamers intuitively think that such acts are not morally permissible. The result is a dilemma: either gamers must reject the intuition that virtual pedophelic acts are impermissible and so accept partaking in such acts, or they must reject the intuition that virtual murder acts are permissible, and so abstain from many (if not most) extant games. While the prevailing solution to this dilemma has been to try and find a morally relevant feature to distinguish the two cases, I argue that a different route should be pursued. It is neither the case that all acts of virtual murder are morally permissible, nor are all acts of virtual pedophelia impermissible. Our intuitions falter and produce this dilemma because they are not sensitive to the different contexts in which games present virtual acts.
An Inspection Robot for Live-Line Suspension Insulator Strings in 345-kV Power Lines

A new inspection robot system for live-line suspension insulator strings was developed to prevent an insulator failure in 345-kV power transmission lines. Compared with the existing inspection robots, this robot structure is very simple, small-sized, lightweight, and more superior in insulation by adopting a wheel-leg moving mechanism. In addition, the robot measures the distribution voltage of an insulator together with its insulation resistance, thereby providing more information for its analysis and diagnosis. Moreover, a manual tool for its installation and removal is presented. Its effectiveness was confirmed through experiments, including a live-line test.
Building Neuromorphic Circuits with Memristive Devices

The rapid, exponential growth of modern electronics has brought about profound changes to our daily lives. However, maintaining the growth trend now faces significant challenges at both the fundamental and practical levels . Possible solutions include More Moore?developing new, alternative device structures and materials while maintaining the same basic computer architecture, and More Than Moore?enabling alternative computing architectures and hybrid integration to achieve increased system functionality without trying to push the devices beyond limits. In particular, an increasing number of computing tasks today are related to handling large amounts of data, e.g. image processing as an example. Conventional von Neumann digital computers, with separate memory and processer units, become less and less efficient when large amount of data have to be moved around and processed quickly. Alternative approaches such as bio-inspired neuromorphic circuits, with distributed computing and localized storage in networks, become attractive options [2]?[6].
A 1-µW 10-bit 200-kS/s SAR ADC With a Bypass Window for Biomedical Applications

This paper presents an energy efficient successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for biomedical applications. To reduce energy consumption, a bypass window technique is used to select switching sequences to skip several conversion steps when the signal is within a predefined small window. The power consumptions of the capacitive digital-to-analog converter (DAC), latch comparator, and digital control circuit of the proposed ADC are lower than those of a conventional SAR ADC. The proposed bypass window tolerates the DAC settling error and comparator voltage offset in the first four phases and suppresses the peak DNL and INL values. A proof-of-concept prototype was fabricated in 0.18-μm 1P6M CMOS technology. At a 0.6-V supply voltage and a 200-kS/s sampling rate, the ADC achieves a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio of 57.97 dB and consumes 1.04 μW, resulting in a figure of merit of 8.03 fJ/conversion-step. The ADC core occupies an active area of only 0.082 mm2.
The Design and Implementation of Host-Based Intrusion Detection System

Intrusion detection is the process of identifying and responding to suspicious activities targeted at computing and communication resources, and it has become the mainstream of information assurance as the dramatic increase in the number of attacks. Intrusion detection system (IDS) monitors and collects data from a target system that should be protected, processes and correlates the gathered information, and initiates responses when evidence of an intrusion is detected. In this paper, we designed and implemented a host-based intrusion detection system, which combines two detection technologies, one is log file analysis technology and the other is BP neural network technology. Log file analysis is an approach of misuse detection, and BP neural network is an approach of anomaly detection. By combination of these two kinds of detection technologies, the HIDS that we have implemented can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of intrusion detection.
Post-quantum blockchain using one-time signature chains

Recent advances in quantum computing seem to suggest it is only a matter of time before general quantum computers become a reality. Because all widely used cryptographic constructions rely on the hardness of problems that can be solved efficiently using known quantum algorithms, quantum computers will have a profound impact on the field of cryptography. One such construction that will be broken by quantum computers is elliptic curve cryptography, which is used in blockchain applications such as bitcoin for digital signatures. Hash-based signature schemes are a promising post-quantum secure alternative, but existing schemes such as XMSS and SPHINCS are impractical for blockchain applications because of their performance characteristics. We construct a quantum secure signature scheme for use in blockchain technology by combining a hash-based one-time signature scheme with Naor-Yung chaining. By exploiting the structure and properties of a blockchain we achieve smaller signatures and better performance than existing hash-based signature schemes. The proposed scheme supports both one-time and many-time key pairs, and is designed to be easily adopted into existing blockchain implementations.
AMB Vibration Control for Structural Resonance of Double-Gimbal Control Moment Gyro With High-Speed Magnetically Suspended Rotor

This paper explores a robust μ-synthesis control scheme for structural resonance vibration suppression of high-speed rotor systems supported by active magnetic bearings (AMBs) in the magnetically suspended double-gimbal control moment gyro (MSDGCMG). The derivation of a nominal linearized model about an operating point was presented. Sine sweep test was conducted on each component of AMB control system to obtain parameter variations and high-frequency unmodeled dynamics, including the structural resonance modes. A fictitious uncertainty block was introduced to represent the performance requirements for the augmented system. Finally, D-K iteration procedure was employed to solve the robust μ-controller. Rotor run-up experiments on the originally developed MSDGCMG prototype show that the designed μ-controller has a good performance for vibration rejection of structural resonance mode with the excitation of coupling torques. Further investigations indicate that the proposed method can also ensure the robust stability and performance of high-speed rotor system subject to the reaction of a large gyro torque.
Design a novel electronic medical record system for regional clinics and health centers in China

In this study a novel electronic health information system that integrates the functions of medical recording, reporting and data utilization is presented. The goal of this application is to provide synchronized operation and auto-generated reports to improve the efficiency and accuracy for physicians working at regional clinics and health centers in China, where paper record is the dominant way for diagnosis and medicine prescription. The database design offers high efficiency for operations such as data mining on the medical data collected by the system during diagnosis. The result of data mining can be applied on inventory planning, diagnosis assistance, clinical research and disease control and prevention. Compared with electronic health and medical information system used in urban hospitals, the system presented here is light-weighted, with simpler database structure, self-explanatory webpage display, and tag-oriented navigations. These features makes the system more accessible and affordable for regional clinics and health centers such as university clinics and community hospitals, which have a much more lagging development with limited funding and resources than urban hospitals while they are playing an increasingly important role in the health care system in China.
CS-VQA: Visual Question Answering with Compressively Sensed Images

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a complex semantic task requiring both natural language processing and visual recognition. In this paper, we explore whether VQA is solvable when images are captured in a sub-Nyquist compressive paradigm. We develop a series of deep-network architectures that exploit available compressive data to increasing degrees of accuracy, and show that VQA is indeed solvable in the compressed domain. Our results show that there is nominal degradation in VQA performance when using compressive measurements, but that accuracy can be recovered when VQA pipelines are used in conjunction with state-of-the-art deep neural networks for CS reconstruction. The results presented yield important implications for resource-constrained VQA applications.
Reference charts of fetal biometric parameters in 31,476 Brazilian singleton pregnancies.

The purpose of this study was to establish reference charts of fetal biometric parameters measured by 2-dimensional sonography in a large Brazilian population.



A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted including 31,476 low-risk singleton pregnancies between 18 and 38 weeks' gestation. The following fetal parameters were measured: biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight. To assess the correlation between the fetal biometric parameters and gestational age, polynomial regression models were created, with adjustments made by the determination coefficient (R(2)).



The means ± SDs of the biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight measurements at 18 and 38 weeks were 4.2 ± 2.34 and 9.1 ± 4.0 cm, 15.3 ± 7.56 and 32.3 ± 11.75 cm, 13.3 ± 10.42 and 33.4 ± 20.06 cm, 2.8 ± 2.17 and 7.2 ± 3.58 cm, and 256.34 ± 34.03 and 3169.55 ± 416.93 g, respectively. Strong correlations were observed between all fetal biometric parameters and gestational age, best represented by second-degree equations, with R(2) values of 0.95, 0.96, 0.95, 0.95, and 0.95 for biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight.



Fetal biometric parameters were determined for a large Brazilian population, and they may serve as reference values in cases with a high risk of intrauterine growth disorders.
Muenke Syndrome ( FGFR 3-Related Craniosynostosis ) : Expansion of the Phenotype and Review of the Literature

Muenke Syndrome (FGFR3-Related Craniosynostosis): Expansion of the Phenotype and Review of the Literature Emily S. Doherty, Felicitas Lacbawan, Donald W. Hadley, Carmen Brewer, Christopher Zalewski, H. Jeff Kim, Beth Solomon, Kenneth Rosenbaum, Demetrio L. Domingo, Thomas C. Hart, Brian P. Brooks, LaDonna Immken, R. Brian Lowry, Virginia Kimonis, Alan L. Shanske, Fernanda Sarquis Jehee, Maria Rita Passos Bueno, Carol Knightly, Donna McDonald-McGinn, Elaine H. Zackai, and Maximilian Muenke* National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Specially for Children, Austin, Texas Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts Children’s Hospital Montefiore, Bronx, New York University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia
Design of triplexer combiners for base stations of mobile communications

This work presents a design technique for a class of combining networks used in base stations for mobile communications; the considered network is a triplexer composed by three high selectivity filters presenting arbitrary transmission zeros (both complex and pure imaginary), which are connected at the input port through a suitable 4-port junction. A technique for the design of this combining network is here proposed, which extends a previous approach used for duplexer networks . The design consists in a procedure for the evaluation of the characteristic polynomials of the three composing filters (defined in a normalized frequency domain), once the input junction topology and the transmission zeros of the filters have been assigned. The network synthesized from the characteristic polynomials presents the same reflection zeros of the three filters synthesized separated from the triplexer with an equiripple response in their respective passband; in this way the overall synthesized triplexer presents a quasi-equiripple response in the three passbands. The proposed design approach has been verified through a fabricated prototype, whose measured performance is in good agreement with the expected response obtained from the synthesized network.
Class II malocclusion treated with miniscrew anchorage: comparison with traditional orthodontic mechanics outcomes.

Anchorage control in patients with severe skeletal Class II malocclusion is a difficult problem in orthodontic treatment. In adults, treatment often requires premolar extractions and maximum anchorage. Recently, incisor retraction with miniscrew anchorage has become a new strategy for treating skeletal Class II patients.



In this study, we compared treatment outcomes of patients with severe skeletal Class II malocclusion treated using miniscrew anchorage (n = 11) or traditional orthodontic mechanics of headgear and transpalatal arch (n = 11). Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were analyzed.



Both treatment methods, miniscrew anchorage or headgear, achieved acceptable results as indicated by the reduction of overjet and the improvement of facial profile. However, incisor retraction with miniscrew anchorage did not require patient cooperation to reinforce the anchorage and provided more significant improvement of the facial profile than traditional anchorage mechanics (headgear combined with transpalatal arch).



Orthodontic treatment with miniscrew anchorage is simpler and more useful than that with traditional anchorage mechanics for patients with Class II malocclusion.