nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A new surgical procedure for iatrogenic hallux varus: reverse transfer of the abductor hallucis tendon: a report of 7 cases.

Iatrogenic hallux varus is a possible complication of hallux valgus surgery following Mc Bride or Scarf osteotomy, with or without Akin osteotomy of the first phalanx. It may also occur following chevron osteotomy or Keller's procedure. One possibility for surgical revision of iatrogenic hallux varus is reconstruction of the lateral stabilising soft-tissue components of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Until now, only dynamic tendon transfers, possibly combined with interphalangeal fusion, have been described. The aim of our study was to develop a static, anatomic reconstruction procedure. A new surgical technique of ligamentoplasty using the abductor hallucis tendon is described. The new method was applied in 7 feet (5 patients) with a mean follow-up over two years. Hallux varus deformities were operated by transplantation of the abductor hallucis tendon. Subsequent radiographs showed correction of most of the factors considered to be responsible for the iatrogenic deformity.  This new technique is a reliable, anatomic reconstruction with use of the tendon involved in the pathogenesis of the hallux varus deformity. No other functional tendon is used.
St John's wort for major depression.

In some countries extracts of the plant Hypericum perforatum L. (popularly called St. John's wort) are widely used for treating patients with depressive symptoms.



To investigate whether extracts of hypericum are more effective than placebo and as effective as standard antidepressants in the treatment of major depression; and whether they have fewer adverse effects than standard antidepressant drugs.


SEARCH STRATEGY
Trials were searched in computerised databases, by checking bibliographies of relevant articles, and by contacting manufacturers and researchers.



Trials were included if they: (1) were randomised and double-blind; (2) included patients with major depression; (3) compared extracts of St. John's wort with placebo or standard antidepressants; (4) included clinical outcomes assessing depressive symptoms.



At least two independent reviewers extracted information from study reports. The main outcome measure for assessing effectiveness was the responder rate ratio (the relative risk of having a response to treatment). The main outcome measure for adverse effects was the number of patients dropping out due to adverse effects.



A total of 29 trials (5489 patients) including 18 comparisons with placebo and 17 comparisons with synthetic standard antidepressants met the inclusion criteria. Results of placebo-controlled trials showed marked heterogeneity. In nine larger trials the combined response rate ratio (RR) for hypericum extracts compared with placebo was 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10 to 1.49) and from nine smaller trials was 1.87 (95% CI, 1.22 to 2.87). Results of trials comparing hypericum extracts and standard antidepressants were statistically homogeneous. Compared with tri- or tetracyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), respectively, RRs were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.15; 5 trials) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.11; 12 trials). Both in placebo-controlled trials and in comparisons with standard antidepressants, trials from German-speaking countries reported findings more favourable to hypericum. Patients given hypericum extracts dropped out of trials due to adverse effects less frequently than those given older antidepressants (odds ratio (OR) 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.46) or SSRIs (OR 0.53, 95% CI, 0.34-0.83).



The available evidence suggests that the hypericum extracts tested in the included trials a) are superior to placebo in patients with major depression; b) are similarly effective as standard antidepressants; c) and have fewer side effects than standard antidepressants. The association of country of origin and precision with effects sizes complicates the interpretation.
Mining spatio-temporal patterns in multivariate spatial time series

With the advancement of the computing technology and its wide range of applications, collecting large sets of multivariate time series in multiple geographical locations introduces a problem of identifying interesting spatio-temporal patterns. We consider a new spatial structure of the data in the pattern discovery process due to the dependent nature of the data. This paper presents an information theoretic approach to detect the temporal patterns from the multivariate time series in multiple locations. Based on their occurrences of discovered temporal patterns, we propose a method to identify interesting spatio-temporal patterns by a statistical significance test. Furthermore, the identified spatio-temporal patterns can be used for clustering and classification. For evaluating the performance, a simulated dataset is tested to validate the quality of the identified patterns and compare with other approaches. The result indicates the approach can effectively identify useful patterns to characterize the dataset for further analysis in achieving good clustering quality.
Fully Automatic Multi-Organ Segmentation Based on Multi-Boost Learning and Statistical Shape Model Search

In this paper, an automatic multi-organ segmentation based on multi-boost learning and statistical shape model search was proposed. First, simple but robust Multi-Boost Classifier was trained to hierarchically locate and pre-segment multiple organs. To ensure the generalization ability of the classifier relative location information between organs, organ and whole body is exploited. Left lung and right lung are first localized and pre-segmented, then liver and spleen are detected upon its location in whole body and its relative location to lungs, kidney is finally detected upon the features of relative location to liver and left lung. Second, shape and appearance models are constructed for model fitting. The final refinement delineation is performed by best point searching guided by appearance profile classifier and is constrained with multi-boost classified probabilities, intensity and gradient features. The method was tested on 30 unseen CT and 30 unseen enhanced CT (CTce) datasets from ISBI 2015 VISCERAL challenge. The results demonstrated that the multi-boost learning can be used to locate multi-organ robustly and segment lung and kidney accurately. The liver and spleen segmentation based on statistical shape searching has shown good performance too.  Copying permitted only for private and academic purposes. In: O. Goksel (ed.):  New York, NY, Apr 16, 2015 published at http://ceur-ws.org
A Cost-Effective SDR Platform for Performance Characterization of RFID Tags

The rigorous characterization of ultrahigh-frequency passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags is a challenging but mandatory task. Indeed, tags are the most critical devices in RFID systems: their performance should be adequately good, although stringent requirements in terms of compactness, used materials, and costs must be satisfied. Factors such as the goodness of the conjugate impedance matching between the chip and the antenna, the chip sensitivity, and the quality of the backscattered signal affect tag performance. Tag sensitivity and differential radar cross section (RCS) are the most significant metrics for tag characterization: they define the forward (from the reader to the tag) and the backward (from the tag to the reader) link reliability, respectively. Nevertheless, measurement of such metrics cannot be approached with conventional methods based on vector network analyzers or conventional RFID readers. Vice versa, commercially available instrumentation and solutions are very expensive and not totally flexible. In this paper, a novel approach for performance characterization of RFID tags is explored. To this end, we developed a very cheap (below $1000) and flexible tool based on software-defined radio, which enables measurement of tag sensitivity and differential RCS. An exhaustive experimental campaign has been carried out on ten commercial and four built-in laboratory RFID tags. Achieved results demonstrate the flexibility, accuracy, and appropriateness of the proposed approach.
FlashRL: A Reinforcement Learning Platform for Flash Games

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a research area that has blossomed tremendously in recent years and has shown remarkable potential in among others successfully playing computer games. However, there only exists a few game platforms that provide diversity in tasks and statespace needed to advance RL algorithms. The existing platforms offer RL access to Atariand a few web-based games, but no platform fully expose access to Flash games. This is unfortunate because applying RL to Flash games have potential to push the research of RL algorithms. This paper introduces the Flash Reinforcement Learning platform (FlashRL) which attempts to fill this gap by providing an environment for thousands of Flash games on a novel platform for Flash automation. It opens up easy experimentation with RL algorithms for Flash games, which has previously been challenging. The platform shows excellent performance with as little as 5% CPU utilization on consumer hardware. It shows promising results for novel reinforcement learning algorithms. This paper was presented at the NIK-2017 conference; see http://www.nik.no/. ar X iv :1 80 1. 08 84 1v 1 [ cs .A I] 2 6 Ja n 20 18
A Wearable Wireless ECG Monitoring System With Dynamic Transmission Power Control for Long-Term Homecare

This paper presents a wearable wireless ECG monitoring system based on novel 3-Lead electrode placements for long-term homecare. The experiment for novel 3-Lead electrode placements is carried out, and the results show that the distance between limb electrodes can be significantly reduced. Based on the new electrode position, a small size sensor node, which is powered by a rechargeable battery, is designed to detect, amplify, filter and transmit the ECG signals. The coordinator receives the data and sends it to PC. Finally the signals are displayed on the GUI. In order to control the power consumption of sensor node, a dynamic power adjustment method is applied to automatically adjust the transmission power of the sensor node according to the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), which is related to the distance and obstacle between sensor node and coordinator. The system is evaluated when the user, who wears the sensor, is walking and running. A promising performance is achieved even under body motion. The power consumption can be significantly reduced with this dynamic power adjustment method.
Raman microscopy of bone.

Raman microscopy is a non-destructive technique requiring minimal sample preparation that can be used to measure the chemical properties of the mineral and collagen parts of bone simultaneously. Modern Raman instruments contain the necessary components and software to acquire the standard information required in most bone studies. The spatial resolution of the technique is about a micron. As it is non-destructive and small samples can be used, it forms a useful part of a bone characterisation toolbox.
5′ UTR m6A Promotes Cap-Independent Translation

Protein translation typically begins with the recruitment of the 43S ribosomal complex to the 5' cap of mRNAs by a cap-binding complex. However, some transcripts are translated in a cap-independent manner through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we show that mRNAs containing N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) in their 5' UTR can be translated in a cap-independent manner. A single 5' UTR m(6)A directly binds eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3), which is sufficient to recruit the 43S complex to initiate translation in the absence of the cap-binding factor eIF4E. Inhibition of adenosine methylation selectively reduces translation of mRNAs containing 5'UTR m(6)A. Additionally, increased m(6)A levels in the Hsp70 mRNA regulate its cap-independent translation following heat shock. Notably, we find that diverse cellular stresses induce a transcriptome-wide redistribution of m(6)A, resulting in increased numbers of mRNAs with 5' UTR m(6)A. These data show that 5' UTR m(6)A bypasses 5' cap-binding proteins to promote translation under stresses.
Comparison of DP3 Signals Evoked by Comfortable 3D Images and 2D Images — an Event-Related Potential Study using an Oddball Task

The horizontal binocular disparity is a critical factor for the visual fatigue induced by watching stereoscopic TVs. Stereoscopic images that possess the disparity within the 'comfort zones' and remain still in the depth direction are considered comfortable to the viewers as 2D images. However, the difference in brain activities between processing such comfortable stereoscopic images and 2D images is still less studied. The DP3 (differential P3) signal refers to an event-related potential (ERP) component indicating attentional processes, which is typically evoked by odd target stimuli among standard stimuli in an oddball task. The present study found that the DP3 signal elicited by the comfortable 3D images exhibits the delayed peak latency and enhanced peak amplitude over the anterior and central scalp regions compared to the 2D images. The finding suggests that compared to the processing of the 2D images, more attentional resources are involved in the processing of the stereoscopic images even though they are subjectively comfortable.
Learning Criteria and Evaluation Metrics for Textual Transfer between Non-Parallel Corpora

We consider the problem of automatically generating textual paraphrases with modified attributes or stylistic properties, focusing on the setting without parallel data (Hu et al., 2017; Shen et al., 2017). This setting poses challenges for learning and evaluation. We show that the metric of post-transfer classification accuracy is insufficient on its own, and propose additional metrics based on semantic content preservation and fluency. For reliable evaluation, all three metric categories must be taken into account. We contribute new loss functions and training strategies to address the new metrics. Semantic preservation is addressed by adding a cyclic consistency loss and a loss based on paraphrase pairs, while fluency is improved by integrating losses based on style-specific language models. Automatic and manual evaluation show large improvements over the baseline method of Shen et al. (2017). Our hope is that these losses and metrics can be general and useful tools for a range of textual transfer settings without parallel corpora.
Catalase ( antioxidant enzyme ) activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

High concentration and/or inadequate removal of reactive oxygen species may result in oxidative stress that may cause severe metabolic malfunction. An imbalance in antioxidant enzymes has been related to specific pathologies such as diabetic complications. Catalase catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxides, thereby protecting mammalian cells against oxidative damage. In addition, catalase is active in neutralizing reactive oxygen species and so removes cellular superoxide and peroxides before they react with metal catalysts to form more reactive species. We investigated the status of catalase activity in erythrocytes of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.  Catalase activity was measured by using spectrophtometric techniques.  Catalase activity increased in diabetic rats compared to control group [25.7 ± 2.8 vs. 16.3 ± 2.1 mmol H2O2 per min/ mg of protein, mean ± SD, p < 0.05]. Our results show that catalase activity increased significantly in the erythrocytes of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Medial knee injury: Part 1, static function of the individual components of the main medial knee structures.

There is a lack of knowledge on the primary and secondary static stabilizing functions of the posterior oblique ligament (POL), the proximal and distal divisions of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL), and the meniscofemoral and meniscotibial portions of the deep medial collateral ligament (MCL).



Identification of the primary and secondary stabilizing functions of the individual components of the main medial knee structures will provide increased knowledge of the medial knee ligamentous stability.



Descriptive laboratory study.



Twenty-four cadaveric knees were equally divided into 3 groups with unique sequential sectioning sequences of the POL, sMCL (proximal and distal divisions), and deep MCL (meniscofemoral and meniscotibial portions). A 6 degree of freedom electromagnetic tracking system monitored motion after application of valgus loads (10 N.m) and internal and external rotation torques (5 N.m) at 0 degrees , 20 degrees , 30 degrees , 60 degrees , and 90 degrees of knee flexion.



The primary valgus stabilizer was the proximal division of the sMCL. The primary external rotation stabilizer was the distal division of the sMCL at 30 degrees of knee flexion. The primary internal rotation stabilizers were the POL and the distal division of the sMCL at all tested knee flexion angles, the meniscofemoral portion of the deep MCL at 20 degrees , 60 degrees , and 90 degrees of knee flexion, and the meniscotibial portion of the deep MCL at 0 degrees and 30 degrees of knee flexion.



An intricate relationship exists among the main medial knee structures and their individual components for static function to applied loads.



Interpretation of clinical knee motion testing following medial knee injuries will improve with the information in this study. Significant increases in external rotation at 30 degrees of knee flexion were found with all medial knee structures sectioned, which indicates that a positive dial test may be found not only for posterolateral knee injuries but also for medial knee injuries.
Automatic Text Summarization Using Reinforcement Learning with Embedding Features

An automatic text summarization system can automatically generate a short and brief summary that contains a main concept of an original document. In this work, we explore the advantages of simple embedding features in Reinforcement leaning approach to automatic text summarization tasks. In addition, we propose a novel deep learning network for estimating Qvalues used in Reinforcement learning. We evaluate our model by using ROUGE scores with DUC 2001, 2002, Wikipedia, ACL-ARC data. Evaluation results show that our model is competitive with the previous models.
A Model of Network Dynamics : Tie Formation , Product Adoption , and Content Generation ∗ PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE . Current version : March 2018

We develop a model for the co-evolution of individual users’ friendship tie formation and their concurrent online activities (production adoptions and production of user-generated content) within an online social network. By explicitly modeling the endogenous formation of the network and accounting for the interdependence between decisions in friendship tie formation and in concurrent online activities, we are able to discover important drivers underlying individuals’ friendship decisions while, at the same time, provide a clean identification of the resulting peer effects on individuals’ actions. We estimate our model using a novel data set capturing the continuous development of a network and users’ entire action history within the network. Our results reveal that, compared to a potential friend’s product adoptions and content generation activities, the total number of friends and the number of common friends this potential friend has with the focal user are the most important drivers of friendship formation. Further, while having more friends does not make a user more active, having more active friends does increase a user’s activity levels in terms of both product adoptions and content generation through peer effects. We conduct several counterfactual exercises to assess the effectiveness of various seeding and stimulation strategies in increasing website traffic while taking the endogenous network formation into account. We find that seeding to users with the most friends is not always the best strategy to increase users’ activity levels on the website.
Toward standardized near-data processing with unrestricted data placement for GPUs

3D-stacked memory devices with processing logic can help alleviate the memory bandwidth bottleneck in GPUs. However, in order for such Near-Data Processing (NDP) memory stacks to be used for different GPU architectures, it is desirable to standardize the NDP architecture. Our proposal enables this standardization by allowing data to be spread across multiple memory stacks as is the norm in high-performance systems without an MMU on the NDP stack. The keys to this architecture are the ability to move data between memory stacks as required for computation, and a partitioned execution mechanism that offloads memory-intensive application segments onto the NDP stack and decouples address translation from DRAM accesses. By enhancing this system with a smart offload selection mechanism that is cognizant of the compute capability of the NDP and cache locality on the host processor, system performance and energy are improved by up to 66.8% and 37.6%, respectively.
The association between duration of breastfeeding and adult intelligence.

A number of studies suggest a positive association between breastfeeding and cognitive development in early and middle childhood. However, the only previous study that investigated the relationship between breastfeeding and intelligence in adults had several methodological shortcomings.



To determine the association between duration of infant breastfeeding and intelligence in young adulthood.



Prospective longitudinal birth cohort study conducted in a sample of 973 men and women and a sample of 2280 men, all of whom were born in Copenhagen, Denmark, between October 1959 and December 1961. The samples were divided into 5 categories based on duration of breastfeeding, as assessed by physician interview with mothers at a 1-year examination.



Intelligence, assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) at a mean age of 27.2 years in the mixed-sex sample and the Børge Priens Prøve (BPP) test at a mean age of 18.7 years in the all-male sample. Thirteen potential confounders were included as covariates: parental social status and education; single mother status; mother's height, age, and weight gain during pregnancy and cigarette consumption during the third trimester; number of pregnancies; estimated gestational age; birth weight; birth length; and indexes of pregnancy and delivery complications.



Duration of breastfeeding was associated with significantly higher scores on the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale WAIS IQs. With regression adjustment for potential confounding factors, the mean Full Scale WAIS IQs were 99.4, 101.7, 102.3, 106.0, and 104.0 for breastfeeding durations of less than 1 month, 2 to 3 months, 4 to 6 months, 7 to 9 months, and more than 9 months, respectively (P =.003 for overall F test). The corresponding mean scores on the BPP were 38.0, 39.2, 39.9, 40.1, and 40.1 (P =.01 for overall F test).



Independent of a wide range of possible confounding factors, a significant positive association between duration of breastfeeding and intelligence was observed in 2 independent samples of young adults, assessed with 2 different intelligence tests.