nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring social dynamics in a massive multiplayer online game

Quantification of human group-behavior has so far defied an empirical, falsifiable approach. This is due to tremendous difficulties in data acquisition of social systems. Massive multiplayer online games (MMOG) provide a fascinating new way of observing hundreds of thousands of simultaneously socially interacting individuals engaged in virtual economic activities. We have compiled a data set consisting of practically all actions of all players over a period of 3 years from a MMOG played by 300,000 people. This largescale data set of a socio-economic unit contains all social and economic data from a single and coherent source. Players have to generate a virtual income through economic activities to ‘survive’ and are typically engaged in a multitude of social activities offered within the game. Our analysis of high-frequency log files focuses on three types of social networks, and tests a series of social-dynamics hypotheses. In particular we study the structure and dynamics of friend-, enemyand communication networks. We find striking differences in topological structure between positive (friend) and negative (enemy) tie networks. All networks confirm the recently observed phenomenon of network densification. We propose two approximate social laws in communication networks, the first expressing betweenness centrality as the inverse square of the overlap, the second relating communication strength to the cube of the overlap. These empirical laws provide strong quantitative evidence for the Weak ties hypothesis of Granovetter. Further, the analysis of triad significance profiles validates well-established assertions from social balance theory. We find overrepresentation (underrepresentation) of complete (incomplete) triads in networks of positive ties, and vice versa for networks of negative ties. Empirical transition probabilities between triad classes provide evidence for triadic closure with extraordinarily high precision. For the first time we provide empirical results for large-scale networks of negative social ties. Whenever possible we compare our findings with data from non-virtual human groups and provide further evidence that online game communities serve as a valid model for a wide class of human societies. With this setup we demonstrate the feasibility for establishing a ‘socio-economic laboratory’ which allows to operate at levels of precision approaching those of the natural sciences. All data used in this study is fully anonymized; the authors have the written consent to publish from the legal department of the Medical University of Vienna.
Separately excited synchronous motor with rotary transformer for hybrid vehicle application

The cost of rare earth (RE) permanent magnet along with the associated supply volatility have intensified the interests for machine topologies which eliminate or reduce the RE magnets usage. This paper presents one such design solution, the separately excited synchronous motor (SESM) which eliminates RE magnets, however, but does not sacrifice the peak torque and power of the motor. The major drawback of such motors is the necessity of brushes to supply the field current. This is especially a challenge for hybrid or electric vehicle applications where the machine is actively cooled with oil inside the transmission. Sealing the brushes from the oil is challenging and would limit the application of such motor inside a transmission. To overcome this problem, a contactless rotary transformer is designed and implemented for the rotor field excitation. The designed motor is built and tested. The test data show that the designed motor outperforms an equivalent interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor, which is optimized for a hybrid application, for both peak torque and power. Better drive system efficiency is measured at high speed compared to the IPM machine, while the later outperforms (for efficiency) the SESM at low and medium speed range.
Bromine in plastic consumer products - Evidence for the widespread recycling of electronic waste.

A range of plastic consumer products and components thereof have been analysed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry in a low density mode for Br as a surrogate for brominated flame retardant (BFR) content. Bromine was detected in about 42% of 267 analyses performed on electronic (and electrical) samples and 18% of 789 analyses performed on non-electronic samples, with respective concentrations ranging from 1.8 to 171,000μgg-1 and 2.6 to 28,500μgg-1. Amongst the electronic items, the highest concentrations of Br were encountered in relatively small appliances, many of which predated 2005 (e.g. a fan heater, boiler thermostat and smoke detector, and various rechargers, light bulb collars and printed circuit boards), and usually in association with Sb, a component of antimony oxide flame retardant synergists, and Pb, a heavy metal additive and contaminant. Amongst the non-electronic samples, Br concentrations were highest in items of jewellery, a coffee stirrer, a child's puzzle, a picture frame, and various clothes hangers, Christmas decorations and thermos cup lids, and were often associated with the presence of Sb and Pb. These observations, coupled with the presence of Br at concentrations below those required for flame-retardancy in a wider range of electronic and non-electronic items, are consistent with the widespread recycling of electronic plastic waste. That most Br-contaminated items were black suggests the current and recent demand for black plastics in particular is met, at least partially, through this route. Given many Br-contaminated items would evade the attention of the end-user and recycler, their disposal by conventional municipal means affords a course of BFR entry into the environment and, for food-contact items, a means of exposure to humans.
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins-modulators of cell death and inflammation.

Misregulated innate immune signaling and cell death form the basis of much human disease pathogenesis. Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family members are frequently overexpressed in cancer and contribute to tumor cell survival, chemo-resistance, disease progression, and poor prognosis. Although best known for their ability to regulate caspases, IAPs also influence ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent pathways that modulate innate immune signaling via activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Recent research into IAP biology has unearthed unexpected roles for this group of proteins. In addition, the advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that IAPs use to regulate cell death and innate immune responses have provided new insights into disease states and suggested novel intervention strategies. Here we review the functions assigned to those IAP proteins that act at the intersection of cell death regulation and inflammatory signaling.
Unmasking the Abnormal Events in Video

We propose a novel framework for abnormal event detection in video that requires no training sequences. Our framework is based on unmasking, a technique previously used for authorship verification in text documents, which we adapt to our task. We iteratively train a binary classifier to distinguish between two consecutive video sequences while removing at each step the most discriminant features. Higher training accuracy rates of the intermediately obtained classifiers represent abnormal events. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to apply unmasking for a computer vision task. We compare our method with several state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised methods on four benchmark data sets. The empirical results indicate that our abnormal event detection framework can achieve state-of-the-art results, while running in real-time at 20 frames per second.
Architectures for distributed and hierarchical Model Predictive Control - A review

0959-1524/$ see front matter 2009  A doi:10.1016/j.jprocont.2009.02.003 * Tel.: +39 02 2399 3539. E-mail address: riccardo.scattolini@elet.polimi.it The aim of this paper is to review and to propose a classification of a number of decentralized, distributed and hierarchical control architectures for large scale systems. Attention is focused on the design approaches based on Model Predictive Control. For the considered architectures, the underlying rationale, the fields of application, the merits and limitations are discussed, the main references to the literature are reported and some future developments are suggested. Finally, a number of open problems is listed.
Financial portfolio management through the goal programming model: Current state-of-the-art

Since Markowitz (1952) formulated the portfolio selection problem, many researchers have developed models aggregating simultaneously several conflicting attributes such as: the return on investment, risk and liquidity. The portfolio manager generally seeks the best combination of stocks/assets that meets his/ her investment objectives. The Goal Programming (GP) model is widely applied to finance and portfolio management. The aim of this paper is to present the different variants of the GP model that have been applied to the financial portfolio selection problem from the 1970s to nowadays.
Reduction of undesired harmonic components in a steel industrial plant with DC electric arc furnaces

An electric arc furnace is a nonlinear, time varying load with stochastic behavior, which gives rise to harmonics, interharminics and voltage flicker. Since a power system has finite impedance, the current distortion caused by a DC electric arc furnace load creates a corresponding voltage distortion in the supply lines. The current and voltage harmonic distortion causes several problems in electrical power system, such as electrical, electronic, and computer equipment damage, control system errors due to electrical noise caused by harmonics, additional losses in transmission and distribution networks and etc. This paper makes an effort to display the differences between two types of DC electric arc furnace feeding system from the viewpoint of total harmonic distortion at AC side. These Types of feeding system include controlled rectifier power supply and uncontrolled rectifier chopper power supply. Simulation results show that the uncontrolled rectifier chopper power supply is more efficient than the other one.
Ultrasensitive detection enabled by nonlinear magnetization of nanomagnetic labels.

Geometrically confined magnetic particles due to their unique response to external magnetic fields find a variety of applications, including magnetic guidance, heat and drug delivery, magneto-mechanical actuation, and contrast enhancement. Highly sensitive detection and imaging techniques based on the nonlinear properties of nanomagnets were recently proposed as innovative strong-translational potential methods applicable in complex, often opaque, biological systems. Here we report on the significant enhancement of the detection capability using optical-lithography-defined, ferromagnetic iron-nickel alloy disk-shaped particles. We show that an irreversible transition between strongly non-collinear (vortex) and single domain states, driven by an alternating magnetic field, translates into a nonlinear magnetic response that enables ultrasensitive detection of these particles. The record sensitivity of ∼3.5 × 10-9 emu, which is equivalent to ∼39 pg of magnetic material is demonstrated at room temperature for arrays of patterned disks. We also show that unbound disks suspended in the aqueous buffer can be successfully detected and quantified in real-time when administered into a live animal allowing for tracing of their biodistribution. The use of nanoscale ferromagnetic particles with engineered nonlinear properties opens prospects for further enhancing the sensitivity, scalability, and tunability of noise-free magnetic tag detection in high-background environments for various applications spanning from biosensing and medical imaging to anti-counterfeiting technologies.
Effect of n-3 supplementation on hyperactivity, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with difficulties in learning, behaviour and psychosocial adjustment that persist into adulthood. Decreased omega-3 fatty acids and increased inflammation or oxidative stress may contribute to neuro-developmental and psychiatric disorders such as ADHD. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of n-3 supplementation on hyperactivity, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in children with ADHD.



In this double blind study, 103 children (6-12 years) with ADHD receiving maintenance therapy were assigned randomly into two groups. The n-3 group received n-3 fatty acids (635 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 195 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), and the placebo group received olive oil capsules which were visually similar to the n-3 capsules. The duration of supplementation was 8 weeks. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined before and after the intervention. Likewise the Conners' Abbreviated Questionnaires (ASQ-P) was applied.



After 8-week intervention, a significant reduction was observed in the levels of CRP ( P < 0.05, 95% CI = 0.72-2.02) and IL-6 (P < 0.001, 95% CI = 1.93-24.33) in the n-3 group. There was also a significant increase in activity of SOD and GR (P < 0.001). A significant improvement was seen in the ASQ-P scores in the n-3 group (P < 005).



Eight weeks of EPA and DHA supplementation decreased plasma inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in the children with ADHD. These results suggest that n-3 fatty acid supplementation may offer a safe and efficacious treatment for children with ADHD.
Cold-Start Web Service Recommendation Using Implicit Feedback

Service recommendation becomes an increasingly important issue when more and more Web services are published on the Internet. Existing Web service recommendation approaches based on collaborative filtering (CF) seldom consider recommending services based on users’ ratings on services since such kind of explicit feedback is difficult to collect. In addition, the new user cold-start problem is also an important issue due to the lack of accuracy in service recommendations since the new users have not yet cast a significant numbers of votes. In this paper, a dataset consisting of much user-service interaction data is reported. The interaction data created according to users’ behaviors can highly represent their preferences. Therefore, we construct pseudo ratings based on this kind of implicit feedback. We develop a novel service recommendation approach which can partially deal with cold-start problem using an online learning model. Experiments show the proposed approach can achieve satisfied results in prediction accuracy and time cost. Keywords-cold-start Web service recommendation; implicit feedback; probability matrix factorization;
Chess masters show a hallmark of face processing with chess.

Face processing has several distinctive hallmarks that researchers have attributed either to face-specific mechanisms or to extensive experience distinguishing faces. Here, we examined the face-processing hallmark of selective attention failure--as indexed by the congruency effect in the composite paradigm--in a domain of extreme expertise: chess. Among 27 experts, we found that the congruency effect was equally strong with chessboards and faces. Further, comparing these experts with recreational players and novices, we observed a trade-off: Chess expertise was positively related to the congruency effect with chess yet negatively related to the congruency effect with faces. These and other findings reveal a case of expertise-dependent, facelike processing of objects of expertise and suggest that face and expert-chess recognition share common processes.
Joint Summarization of Large-Scale Collections of Web Images and Videos for Storyline Reconstruction

In this paper, we address the problem of jointly summarizing large sets of Flickr images and YouTube videos. Starting from the intuition that the characteristics of the two media types are different yet complementary, we develop a fast and easily-parallelizable approach for creating not only high-quality video summaries but also novel structural summaries of online images as storyline graphs. The storyline graphs can illustrate various events or activities associated with the topic in a form of a branching network. The video summarization is achieved by diversity ranking on the similarity graphs between images and video frames. The reconstruction of storyline graphs is formulated as the inference of sparse time-varying directed graphs from a set of photo streams with assistance of videos. For evaluation, we collect the datasets of 20 outdoor activities, consisting of 2.7M Flickr images and 16K YouTube videos. Due to the large-scale nature of our problem, we evaluate our algorithm via crowdsourcing using Amazon Mechanical Turk. In our experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed joint summarization approach outperforms other baselines and our own methods using videos or images only.
Cephalic positioning of the lateral crura: implications for nasal tip-plasty.

To apply a mathematical model to determine the relative effectiveness of various tip-plasty maneuvers while the lateral crura are in cephalic position compared with orthotopic position.



A Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts) computer program, called the Tip-Plasty Simulator, was developed to model the medial and lateral crura of the tripod concept in order to estimate the change in projection, rotation, and nasal length yielded by changes in crural length. The following rhinoplasty techniques were modeled in the software program: columellar strut graft/tongue-in-groove, lateral crural steal, lateral crural overlay, medial/intermediate crural overlay, hinge release with alar strut graft, and lateral crural repositioning.



Using the Tip-Plasty Simulator, the directionality of the change in projection, rotation, and nasal length produced by the various tip-plasty maneuvers, as shown by our mathematical model, is largely the same as that expected and observed clinically. Notably, cephalically positioned lateral crura affected the results of the rhinoplasty maneuvers studied.



By demonstrating a difference in the magnitude of change resulting from various rhinoplasty maneuvers, the results of this study enhance the ability of the rhinoplasty surgeon to predict the effects of various tip-plasty maneuvers, given the variable range in alar cartilage orientation that he or she is likely to encounter.
Local-Global Vectors to Improve Unigram Terminology Extraction

The present paper explores a novel method that integrates efficient distributed representations with terminology extraction. We show that the information from a small number of observed instances can be combined with local and global word embeddings to remarkably improve the term extraction results on unigram terms. To do so, we pass the terms extracted by other tools to a filter made of the local-global embeddings and a classifier which in turn decides whether or not a term candidate is a term. The filter can also be used as a hub to merge different term extraction tools into a single higher-performing system. We compare filters that use the skipgram architecture and filters that employ the CBOW architecture for the task at hand.
Audio Oracle: a New Algorithm for Fast Learning of audio Structures

In this paper we present a new method for indexing of audio data in terms of repeating sub-clips of variable length that we call audio factors. The new structure allows fast retrieval and recombination of sub-clips in a manner that assures continuity between splice points. The resulting structure accomplishes effectively a new method for texture synthesis, where the amount of innovation is controlled by one of the synthesis parameters. In the paper we present the new structure and describe the algorithms for efficiently computing the different indexing links. Examples of texture synthesis are provided in the paper.
The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change.

For many years I have been engaged in psychotherapy with individuals in distress. In recent years I have found myself increasingly concerned with the process of abstracting from that experience the general principles which appear to be involved in it. I have endeavored to discover any orderliness, any unity which seems to inhere in the subtle, complex tissue of interpersonal relationship in which I have so constantly been immersed in therapeutic work. One of the current products of this concern is an attempt to state, in formal terms, a theory of psychotherapy, of personality, and of interpersonal relationships which will encompass and contain the phenomena of my experience. What I wish to do in this paper is to take one very small segment of that theory, spell it out more completely, and explore its meaning and usefulness.
Compressive Sensing (CS) Assisted Low-Complexity Beamspace Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Systems

Hybrid analog/digital precoding is a promising technique to reduce the hardware cost of radio-frequency components compared with the conventional full-digital precoding approach in millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple output systems. However, the large antenna dimensions of the hybrid precoder design makes it difficult to acquire an optimal full-digital precoder. Moreover, it also requires matrix inversion, which leads to high complexity in the hybrid precoder design. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity optimal full-digital precoder acquisition algorithm, named beamspace singular value decomposition (SVD) that saves power for the base station and user equipment. We exploit reduced-dimension beamspace channel state information (CSI) given by compressive sensing (CS) based channel estimators. Then, we propose a CS-assisted beamspace hybrid precoding (CS-BHP) algorithm that leverages CS-based CSI. Simulation results show that the proposed beamspace-SVD reduces complexity by 99.4% compared with an optimal full-digital precoder acquisition using full-dimension SVD. Furthermore, the proposed CS-BHP reduces the complexity of the state-of-the-art approach by 99.6% and has less than 5% performance loss compared with an optimal full-digital precoder.