nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Predict Citation-Based Impact Measures

Citations implicitly encode a community's judgment of a paper's importance and thus provide a unique signal by which to study scientific impact. Efforts in understanding and refining this signal are reflected in the probabilistic modeling of citation networks and the proliferation of citation-based impact measures such as Hirsch's h-index. While these efforts focus on understanding the past and present, they leave open the question of whether scientific impact can be predicted into the future. Recent work addressing this deficiency has employed linear and simple probabilistic models; we show that these results can be handily outperformed by leveraging non-linear techniques. In particular, we find that these AI methods can predict measures of scientific impact for papers and authors, namely citation rates and h-indices, with surprising accuracy, even 10 years into the future. Moreover, we demonstrate how existing probabilistic models for paper citations can be extended to better incorporate refined prior knowledge. While predictions of scientific impact should be approached with healthy skepticism, our results improve upon prior efforts and form a baseline against which future progress can be easily judged.
Prevalence of pressure ulcers in Canadian healthcare settings.

Although statistics regarding the number of pressure ulcers in the US and other countries are available, little information is known about the number of individuals in Canada who have pressure ulcers. Such information is important to assess the scope and healthcare costs of pressure ulcers and develop public policies. To obtain estimated pressure ulcer prevalence rates in Canada, existing data (gathered between 1990 and 2003) from different healthcare settings across the country were obtained from peer-reviewed published studies and from unpublished studies provided by individuals and pressure ulcer support surface manufacturers. Methods used to gather and report prevalence data in each study were critically appraised using a modified version of published criteria. Retrospective chart audit studies that did not involve direct patient assessment were excluded. The data included information from 18 acute care facilities involving 4,831 patients, 23 non-acute care facilities with 3,390 patients, 19 mixed healthcare settings with 4,200 patients, and five community care agencies that surveyed 1,681 patients. Estimates of pressure ulcer prevalence were 25.1% (95% Confidence Interval, 23.8% to 26.3%) for acute care settings, 29.9% (95% Confidence Interval, 28.3% to 31.4%) in non-acute care settings, 22.1% (95% Confidence Interval, 20.9% to 23.4%) in mixed health settings, and 15.1% (95% Confidence Interval, 13.4% to 16.8%) in community care. The overall estimate of the prevalence of pressure ulcers in all healthcare institutions across Canada was 26.0% (95% Confidence Interval, 25.2% to 26.8%). The Canadian prevalence estimates differed among the healthcare settings and were higher than those reported in the US and the Netherlands. Although additional studies are needed, the data suggest that pressure ulcers are a significant concern in all healthcare settings in Canada.
Answer Passage Retrieval for Question Answering

Document or passage retrieval is typically used as the first step in current question answering systems. The accuracy of the answer that is extracted from the passages and the efficiency of the question answering process will depend to some extent on the quality of this initial ranking. We show how language model approaches can be used to improve answer passage ranking. In particular, we show how a variety of prior language models trained on correct answer text allow us to incorporate into the retrieval step information that is often used in answer extraction, for example, the presence of tagged entities. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these models on the TREC9 QA Corpus.
MODELING OF THE ST . ANTHONY ABBOT CHURCH IN S . DAN IELE DEL FRIULI ( I ) : FROM LASER SCANNING AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO VRML / X 3 D MODEL

The paper describes the steps of the 3D modeling of the Church of Saint Anthony Abbot in San Daniele de l Friuli (I), from the laser scanning and photogrammetric integrated surveying t o the final VRML/X3D photorealistic model. This chur ch keeps the most beautiful and harmonious cycle of Renaissance fresco es of the region, painted by Pellegrino da San Dani ele: the virtual model is intended also as an instrument to help visitors or tudious to better understand the narration meaning hidden in the fresco episodes. For the inner and outer surveying of the church, th e Riegl Z390I system integrated with a Nikon D200 ph otogrammetric camera was employed: 18 different point clouds for about 3 3 millions of points and 163 digital images were au tomatically collected. Data processing carried out by RiSCAN PRO® software (Ri gl) allowed the scan registration, the 3D surface reconstruction and the image texturing with satisfactory results. Part icular attentions have been given to the 3D surface of the interior of the church, before in its construction by partial Delaunay tria ngulations and later in its smoothing and decimatio n for an efficient management of a 3D model with “few” (hundreds of thousands!) t riangles but anyway preserving a high geometric det ail. New images have been later acquired with the metric camera without laser scanning system, to substitut e the original ones having illumination troubles: these new images have been e xternally oriented by natural points on the surface nd then textured onto it. The 3D model and the image textures have been impor ted in the VRML/X3D space, where six thematic tours will be available. The model is structured in different LoD (Levels of Detail) for the model geometry and text ures resolution, and each frescoes scene and figure is linked by means an Anchor with the corresponding card of the web Regional Information System of the Cultural Heritage .
Nuclear PARP-1 protein overexpression is associated with poor overall survival in early breast cancer.

Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a highly promising novel target in breast cancer. However, the expression of PARP-1 protein in breast cancer and its associations with outcome are yet poorly characterized.



Quantitative expression of PARP-1 protein was assayed by a specific immunohistochemical signal intensity scanning assay in a range of normal to malignant breast lesions, including a series of patients (N = 330) with operable breast cancer to correlate with clinicopathological factors and long-term outcome.



PARP-1 was overexpressed in about a third of ductal carcinoma in situ and infiltrating breast carcinomas. PARP-1 protein overexpression was associated to higher tumor grade (P = 0.01), estrogen-negative tumors (P < 0.001) and triple-negative phenotype (P < 0.001). The hazard ratio (HR) for death in patients with PARP-1 overexpressing tumors was 7.24 (95% CI; 3.56-14.75). In a multivariate analysis, PARP-1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for both disease-free (HR 10.05; 95% CI 5.42-10.66) and overall survival (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.32-2.52).



Nuclear PARP-1 is overexpressed during the malignant transformation of the breast, particularly in triple-negative tumors, and independently predicts poor prognosis in operable invasive breast cancer.
A critical review of the Delphi technique.

The Delphi technique takes its name from the Greek god Apollo Pythias who, as master of Delphi, was renowned for his ability to predict the future. It has been defined by Reid ( 1 ) as: 'A method for the systematic collection and aggregation of informed judgements from a group of experts on specific questions or issues.' It is essentially a series of questionnaires; the first questionnaire sets out to gain a response to a broad subject and the subsequent questionnaires are built upon the responses of the preceding questionnaire ( 2 ). Three to five questionnaires may be required before consensus is reached.
Geometrical modified nesbit corporoplasty to correct different types of penile curvature: description of the surgical procedure based on geometrical principles and long-term results

We present the use of a modified corporoplasty, based on geometrical principles, to determine the exact site for the incision in the tunica or plaque and the exact amount of albuginea for overlaying to correct with extreme precision the different types of congenital or acquired penile curvature due to Peyronie’s disease. To describe our experience with a new surgical procedure for the enhancement of penile curvature avoiding any overcorrection or undercorrection. Between March 2004 and April 2013, a total of 74 patients underwent the geometrical modified corporoplasty. All patients had congenital curvature until 90° or acquired stable penile curvature ‘less’ than 60°, that made sexual intercourse very difficult or impossible, normal erectile function, absence of hourglass or hinge effect. Preoperative testing included a physical examination, 3 photographs (frontal, dorsal and lateral) of penis during erection, a 10 mcg PGE1-induced erection and Doppler ultrasound, administration of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) questionnaire. A follow-up with postoperative evaluation at 12 weeks, 12 and 24 months, included the same preoperative testing. Satisfaction rates were better assessed with the use of validated questionnaire such as the International Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of the Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS). Statistical analysis with Student’s t-test was performed using commercially available, personal computer software. A total of 25 patients had congenital penile curvature with a mean deviation of 46.8° (range 40–90), another 49 patients had Peyronie’s disease with a mean deviation of 58.4 (range 45–60). No major complications were reported. Postoperative correction of the curvature was achieved in all patients (100%). Neither undercorrection nor overcorrection were recorded. No significant relapse (curvature>15°) occurred in our patients. Shortening of the penis was reported by 74% but did not influence the high overall satisfaction of 92% (patients completely satisfied with their sexual life). The erectile function was analyzed in both groups, Student’s t-test showed a significant improvement in erectile function, preoperative average IIEF-15 scores were 17.43±4.67, whereas postoperatively it was 22.57±4.83 (P=0.001). This geometrical modified Nesbit corporoplasty is a valid therapy which allows penile straightening. The geometric principles make the technique reproducible in multicentre studies.
10 Antimicrobial Biomimetics

A vast territory for research is open from mimicking the behaviour of microorganisms to defend themselves from competitors. Antibiotics secreted by bacteria or fungi can be copied to yield efficient molecules which are active against infectious diseases. On the other hand, nanotechnology provides novel techniques to probe and manipulate single atoms and molecules. Nanoparticles are finding a large variety of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, since their size scale can be similar to that of biological molecules (e.g. proteins, DNA) and structures (e.g. viruses and bacteria). They are currently being used in imaging (El-Sayed et al., 2005), biosensing (Medintz et al.,2005), biomolecules immobilization (Carmona-Ribeiro, 2010a), gene and drug delivery (Carmona-Ribeiro, 2003; CarmonaRibeiro, 2010b) and vaccines (O ́Hagan et al., 2000; Lincopan & Carmona-Ribeiro, 2009; Lincopan et al., 2009). They can also incorporate antimicrobial agents (antibiotics, metals, peptides, surfactants and lipids), can be the antimicrobial agent or used to produce antimicrobial devices. Antimicrobial agents found in Nature can sucessfully be copied for synthesis of novel biomimetic but synthetic compounds. In this review, synthetic cationic surfactants and lipids, natural and synthetic peptides or particles, and hybrid antimicrobial films are overviewed unraveling novel antimicrobial approaches against infectious diseases.
Maximum throughput analysis for RTS/CTS-used IEEE 802.11 DCF in wireless multi-hop networks

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the maximum throughput when using RTS/CTS (Request To Send/Clear To Send) in IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) multi-hop networks with a novel approach. Wireless multi-hop networks, in which nodes communicate with each other and convey packets via intermediate nodes without centralized control, have gained increasing attention because of the extension of the wireless communication range associated with such networks. In wireless multi-hop networks, the IEEE 802.11 DCF based on the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) has been commonly used as a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. IEEE 802.11 DCF is specifically designed for single-hop wireless LANs, which makes quantitative analyses of the contention behaviors occurring at nodes in typical network topologies important. Although several quantitative throughput analyses for wireless multi-hop networks have been reported, few analyses have examined the use of RTS/CTS in IEEE 802.11 DCF multi-hop networks. While RTS/CTS is effective for avoiding packet collisions caused by hidden terminals, an overhead problem occurs due to the increase in the number of RTS/CTS control packets. As the number of RTS/CTS control packets increases, the collisions between RTS/CTS control packets occur more frequently. The analysis of networks that use RTS/CTS has been considered difficult because of the complex behaviors of RTS/CTS. The present paper introduces a novel approach to the analysis of throughput for networks that use RTS/CTS by considering one-way flow in string multi-hop networks. The end-to-end network maximum throughput is obtained by analyzing the maximum throughput of bottleneck nodes. This analysis provides the transmission failure probability considering not only RTS-RTS collisions but also the influence of the Network Allocation Vector (NAV). A simulation is carried out, and a comparison of the analytical and simulated results validates the proposed analytical expressions.
Cultural Similarities and Differences in the Design of University Web sites

This study examines cultural differences and similarities in design of university Web sites using Hofstede’s model of cultural dimensions. Graphical elements on a sample of university home pages from Malaysia, Austria, the United States, Ecuador, Japan, Sweden, Greece and Denmark are compared using content analysis methods. The home pages were analyzed on the basis of two criteria: organization and graphical design. Element frequency scores were correlated with Hofstede’s indexes and interpreted on the basis of the existing literature. The results suggest that similarities and differences in Web site design can be brought out through Hofstede’s cultural model. Computed correlations between Hofstede’s scores and frequency counts of interface elements were weaker than anticipated, but in most cases occurred in the hypothesized direction.
Discrete Exterior Calculus and Its Implementation

Discrete Exterior Calculus (DEC) is a discrete version of the smooth exterior calculus. Exterior calculus is calculus on smooth manifolds, and DEC is a calculus for discrete manifolds. It has applications in computational mechanics, computer graphics and other fields. This project has two parts. In the first part, we build a C++ class library to implement some of the objects and operators of DEC. The objects implemented are discrete forms, and the operators implemented are the exterior derivative, Hodge star and wedge product. These objects and operators are implemented for 2D meshes embedded in R. The second part of this project is to extend DEC to include general discrete tensors. As a very preliminary first step, we do this in the context of an application, by proposing the definition of a discrete stress tensor for elasticity. We show how to compute the discrete stress tensor in planar elasticity and propose a discretization for Cauchy’s equation of motion based on that.
Articular Incongruity in the Lower Extremity: How Much Is Too Much?

Intraarticular fractures carry a significant risk for posttraumatic osteoarthritis, and this risk varies across different joint surfaces of the lower extremity. These differences are likely due to the anatomic and biomechanical specifics of each joint surface. High-quality human studies are lacking to delineate the threshold articular incongruity that significantly increases risk for posttraumatic osteoarthritis and diminished clinical outcomes for many joint surfaces. Even with anatomic reduction of the articular surface, close attention must be paid to mechanical axis and joint stability to optimize outcomes.
Acquiring Linguistic Constructions

The most abstract constructions that English-speaking children use early in development have mostly been studied from an adult perspective—using constructions defined from an adult model. We follow suit here, but the truth is that many of the constructions listed here probably should be differentiated in a more fine-grained way (as families of subconstructions) once the necessary empirical work is done. Identificationals, Attributives, and Possessives Among the earliest utterance-level constructions used by many English-speaking children are those that serve to identify an object or to attribute to it some property, including a possessor or simple location (Lieven, Pine, & Dresner-Barnes, 1992). In adult language, these would almost invariably require some form of the coplua, to be, although children do not always supply it. Quite often, these constructions revolve around one or a few specific words. Most common for the identification function are such things as It’s a /the X; That’s a /the X; or This’s a /the X. Most common for the attributive function are such things as: Here’s a /the X; There’s a /the X. Most common for the possessive function are such things as: (It’s) X’s ; That’s X’s/my ; This is X’s/your . Clancy (2000) reports some very similar constructions for Korean-speaking children, and a perusal of the studies in Slobin’s cross-linguistic volumes reveals many other languages in which these are frequently used child constructions for focusing attention on, or attributing a property to, an external entity. Simple Transitives, Simple Intransitives, and Imperatives The simple transitive construction in English is used for depicting a variety of scenes that differ greatly from one another. The prototype is a scene in which dam2_c06.qxd 1/6/06 12:16 PM Page 271
A SWOT Analysis of the Field of VR Rehabilitation and Therapy

Virtual Reality (VR) has now emerged as a promising tool in many domains of therapy and rehabilitation (Rizzo, Schultheis, Kerns & Mateer, 2004; Weiss & Jessel, 1998; Zimand, Anderson, Gershon, Graap, Hodges, & Rothbaum, 2002; Glantz, Rizzo & Graap, 2003). Continuing advances in VR technology along with concomitant system cost reductions have supported the development of more usable, useful, and accessible VR systems that can uniquely target a wide range of physical, psychological, and cognitive rehabilitation concerns and research questions. What makes VR application development in the therapy and rehabilitation sciences so distinctively important is that it represents more than a simple linear extension of existing computer technology for human use. VR offers the potential to create systematic human testing, training and treatment environments that allow for the precise control of complex dynamic 3D stimulus presentations, within which sophisticated interaction, behavioral tracking and performance recording is possible. Much like an aircraft simulator serves to test and train piloting ability, virtual environments (VEs) can be developed to present simulations that assess and rehabilitate human functional performance under a range of stimulus conditions that are not easily deliverable and controllable in the real world. When combining these assets within the context of functionally relevant, ecologically enhanced VEs, a fundamental advancement could emerge in how human functioning can be addressed in many rehabilitation disciplines.
Wideband vs . Narrowband Angle of Arrival Estimation

Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation that applies wideband channel estimation is superior to the narrowband MUSIC (multiple signal classification) approach, even when averaging its results over the entire relevant band. This work reports the results of indoor AoA estimation based on wideband propagation channel measurements taken over a uniform linear antenna array. The measurements were carried out around 2.4 GHz, with 50 to 800 MHz bandwidths.
Toward a neurobiology of delusions

Delusions are the false and often incorrigible beliefs that can cause severe suffering in mental illness. We cannot yet explain them in terms of underlying neurobiological abnormalities. However, by drawing on recent advances in the biological, computational and psychological processes of reinforcement learning, memory, and perception it may be feasible to account for delusions in terms of cognition and brain function. The account focuses on a particular parameter, prediction error--the mismatch between expectation and experience--that provides a computational mechanism common to cortical hierarchies, fronto-striatal circuits and the amygdala as well as parietal cortices. We suggest that delusions result from aberrations in how brain circuits specify hierarchical predictions, and how they compute and respond to prediction errors. Defects in these fundamental brain mechanisms can vitiate perception, memory, bodily agency and social learning such that individuals with delusions experience an internal and external world that healthy individuals would find difficult to comprehend. The present model attempts to provide a framework through which we can build a mechanistic and translational understanding of these puzzling symptoms.
PixelSNE: Visualizing Fast with Just Enough Precision via Pixel-Aligned Stochastic Neighbor Embedding

Embedding and visualizing large-scale high-dimensional data in a two-dimensional space is an important problem since such visualization can reveal deep insights out of complex data. Most of the existing embedding approaches, however, run on an excessively high precision, ignoring the fact that at the end, embedding outputs are converted into coarsegrained discrete pixel coordinates in a screen space. Motivated by such an observation and directly considering pixel coordinates in an embedding optimization process, we accelerate Barnes-Hut tree-based t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (BH-SNE), known as a state-of-the-art 2D embedding method, and propose a novel method called PixelSNE, a highly-efficient, screen resolution-driven 2D embedding method with a linear computational complexity in terms of the number of data items. Our experimental results show the significantly fast running time of PixelSNE by a large margin against BH-SNE, while maintaining the minimal degradation in the embedding quality. Finally, the source code of our method is publicly available at https: //github.com/awesome-davian/sasne.
Learning Word Vectors for Sentiment Analysis

Publications Learning Word Vectors for Sentiment Analysis. Andrew L. Maas, Raymond E. Daly, Peter T. Pham, Dan Huang, Andrew Y. Ng, and Christopher Potts. The 49 th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2011). Spectral Chinese Restaurant Processes: Nonparametric Clustering Based on Similarities. Richard Socher, Andrew Maas, and Christopher D. Manning. The 15 th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS 2010). A Probabilistic Model for Semantic Word Vectors. Andrew L. Maas and Andrew Y. Ng. NIPS 2010 Workshop on Deep Learning and Unsupervised Feature Learning. One-Shot Learning with Bayesian Networks. Andrew L. Maas and Charles Kemp.