nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Different strategies for purification of antimicrobial peptides from Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)

Bacteriocins are natural peptides secreted by several bacteria that exert bactericidal activity against other bacterial species. Research in this topic is promoted not only by the need to develop alternatives to antibiotics and drugs that have shown non-desirable effects, but also to the capacity of some bacteriocin to inhibit saprophytic and food-borne pathogens in food stuffs. Many LAB are bacteriogenics, and the purification of the bacteriocins produced is helpful for the knowledge of the mechanism of action, structure, and other characteristics, which helps to isolate the bacteriocin biosynthetic genes. In this chapter, different techniques applied to purify some bacteriocins from LAB are described. The most frequently applied techniques involve salt precipitation followed by various combinations of ion-exchange (IEC) and reverse phase C18 solid phase extraction, absorption-desorption (AD), reverse-phase highperformance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). The results obtained through the purification of different LAB bacteriocins (enterocin and salivaricin) carried out in our laboratory are included to discuss the different purification strategies applied.
Procedural Modeling of a Building from a Single Image

Creating a virtual city is demanded for computer games, movies, and urban planning, but it takes a lot of time to create numerous 3D building models. Procedural modeling has become popular in recent years to overcome this issue, but creating a grammar to get a desired output is difficult and time consuming even for expert users. In this paper, we present an interactive tool that allows users to automatically generate such a grammar from a single image of a building. The user selects a photograph and highlights the silhouette of the target building as input to our method. Our pipeline automatically generates the building components, from large-scale building mass to fine-scale windows and doors geometry. Each stage of our pipeline combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and optimization to select and parameterize procedural grammars that reproduce the building elements of the picture. In the first stage, our method jointly estimates camera parameters and building mass shape. Once known, the building mass enables the rectification of the façades, which are given as input to the second stage that recovers the façade layout. This layout allows us to extract individual windows and doors that are subsequently fed to the last stage of the pipeline that selects procedural grammars for windows and doors. Finally, the grammars are combined to generate a complete procedural building as output. We devise a common methodology to make each stage of this pipeline tractable. This methodology consists in simplifying the input image to match the visual appearance of synthetic training data, and in using optimization to refine the parameters estimated by CNNs. We used our method to generate a variety of procedural models of buildings from existing photographs. CCS Concepts •Computing methodologies → Shape modeling;
Gesture recognition using the XWand

The XWand is a wireless UI device that enables styles of natural interaction with intelligent environments. The XWand system exploits human intuition, allowing control of everyday objects through pointing and gesturing. We describe the hardware device and then examine several approaches to gesture recognition. We discuss results from experiments using a linear time warping method, a dynamic time warping (DTW) method, and a hidden Markov modelbased method (HMM).
A model of prehospital trauma training for lay persons devised in Africa.

Few low income countries have emergency medical services to provide prehospital medical care and transport to road traffic crash casualties. In Ghana most roadway casualties receive care and transport to the hospital from taxi, bus, or truck drivers. This study reports the methods used to devise a model for prehospital trauma training for commercial drivers in Ghana.



Over 300 commercial drivers attended a first aid and rescue course designed specifically for roadway trauma and geared to a low education level. The training programme has been evaluated twice at one and two year intervals by interviewing both trained and untrained drivers with regard to their experiences with injured persons. In conjunction with a review of prehospital care literature, lessons learnt from the evaluations were used in the revision of the training model.



Control of external haemorrhage was quickly learnt and used appropriately by the drivers. Areas identified needing emphasis in future trainings included consistent use of universal precautions and protection of airways in unconscious persons using the recovery position.



In low income countries, prehospital trauma care for roadway casualties can be improved by training laypersons already involved in prehospital transport and care. Training should be locally devised, evidence based, educationally appropriate, and focus on practical demonstrations.
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems: Fault detection and isolation and safe parking

This work presents an integrated framework for fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant control of variable air volume (VAV) boxes, a common component of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. To this end, first a statistical model based fault detection and isolation framework is designed using existing techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and joint angle analysis. Then a novel linear causal model based framework for fault detection and isolation (FDI) of multiple actuator and ∗Corresponding author.   2017 multiple sensor faults is designed and implemented. The linear causal model based approach is seen to possess superior fault-isolation capabilities compared to the statistical model based framework. Finally, a safe parking strategy is demonstrated to handle stuck dampers in air handling unit (AHU)s using a detailed simulation model.
RF SOI Switch FET Design and Modeling Tradeoffs for GSM Applications

A single-pole double-throw novel switch device in0.18¹m SOI complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS) process is developed for 0.9 Ghz wireless GSMsystems. The layout of the device is optimized keeping inmind the parameters of interest for the RF switch. A subcircuitmodel, with the standard surface potential (PSP) modelas the intrinsic FET model along with the parasitic elementsis built to predict the Ron and Coff of the switch. Themeasured data agrees well with the model. The eight FETstacked switch achieved an Ron of 2.5 ohms and an Coff of180 fF.
Using podcasts to replace lecture: Effects on student achievement

This study examined achievement when podcasts were used in place of lecture in the core technology course required for all students seeking teacher licensure at a large research-intensive university in the Southeastern United States. Further, it examined the listening preferences of the podcast group and the barriers to podcast use. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in the achievement of preservice teachers who experienced podcast instruction versus those who received lecture instruction. Further, there was no significant difference in their study habits. Participants preferred to use a computer and Blackboard for downloading the podcasts, which they primarily listened to at home. They tended to like the podcasts as well as the length of the podcasts and felt that they were reasonably effective for learning. They agreed that the podcasts were easy to use but disagreed that they should be used to replace lecture. Barriers to podcast use include unfamiliarity with podcasts, technical problems in accessing and downloading podcasts, and not seeing the relevance of podcasts to their learning.
Towards Self-Powered Nanosystems : From Nanogenerators to Nanopiezotronics * * By

Developing wireless nanodevices and nanosystems are of critical importance for sensing, medical science, defense technology, and even personal electronics. It is highly desirable for wireless devices and even required for implanted biomedical devices that they be self-powered without use of a battery. It is essential to explore innovative nanotechnologies for converting mechanical energy (such as body movement, muscle stretching), vibrational energy (such as acoustic or ultrasonic waves), and hydraulic energy (such as body fluid flow) into electrical energy, which will be used to power nanodevices without a battery. This is a key step towards self-powered nanosystems. We have demonstrated an innovative approach for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy by piezoelectric zinc oxide nanowire (NW) arrays. The operation mechanism of the electric generator relies on the unique coupling of the piezoelectric and semiconducting properties of ZnO as well as the gating effect of the Schottky barrier formed between the metal tip and the NW. Based on this mechanism, we have recently developed a DC nanogenerator (NG) driven by the ultrasonic wave in a biofluid and a textile-fiber-based NG for harvesting low-frequency mechanical energy. Furthermore, a new field, ‘‘nanopiezotronics’’, has been developed, which uses coupled piezoelectric–semiconducting properties for fabricating novel and unique electronic devices and components. This Feature Article gives a systematic description of the fundamental mechanism of the NG, its rationally innovative design for high output power, and the new electronics that can be built based on a piezoelectric-driven semiconducting process. A perspective will be given about the future impact of the technologies.
Nutritional Guidelines and Fermented Food Frameworks

This review examines different nutritional guidelines, some case studies, and provides insights and discrepancies, in the regulatory framework of Food Safety Management of some of the world's economies. There are thousands of fermented foods and beverages, although the intention was not to review them but check their traditional and cultural value, and if they are still lacking to be classed as a category on different national food guides. For understanding the inconsistencies in claims of concerning fermented foods among various regulatory systems, each legal system should be considered unique. Fermented foods and beverages have long been a part of the human diet, and with further supplementation of probiotic microbes, in some cases, they offer nutritional and health attributes worthy of recommendation of regular consumption. Despite the impact of fermented foods and beverages on gastro-intestinal wellbeing and diseases, their many health benefits or recommended consumption has not been widely translated to global inclusion in world food guidelines. In general, the approach of the legal systems is broadly consistent and their structures may be presented under different formats. African traditional fermented products are briefly mentioned enhancing some recorded adverse effects. Knowing the general benefits of traditional and supplemented fermented foods, they should be a daily item on most national food guides.
Psychometric evaluation of an after-scenario questionnaire for computer usability studies: the ASQ

A three-item after-scenario questionnaire was used in three related usability tests in different areas of the United States. The studies had eight scenarios in common. After participants finished a scenario, they completed the After-Scenario Questionnaire (the ASQ). A factor analysis of the responses to the ASQ items revealed that an eight-factor solution explained 94 percent of the variability of the 24 (eight scenarios by three items per scenario) items. The varimax-rotated factor pattern showed that these eight factors were clearly associated with the eight scenarios. The benefit of this research to system designers is that this three-item questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties of reliability, sensitivity, and concurrent validity, and may be used with confidence in other, similar usability studies.
EHV transmission line capacity enhancement through increase in surge impedance loading level

The quantum of power that a given EHVAC transmission line can safely carry depends on various limits. These limits can be categorized into two types viz. thermal and stability/SIL limits. In case of long lines the capacity is limited by its SIL level only which is much below its thermal capacity due to large inductance. Decrease in line inductance and surge impedance shall increase the SIL and transmission capacity. This paper presents a mathematical model of increasing the SIL level towards thermal limit. Sensitivity of SIL on various configuration of sub-conductors in a bundle, bundle spacing, tower structure, spacing of phase conductors etc. is analyzed and presented. Various issues that need attention for application of high surge impedance loading (HSIL) line are also deliberated
Maximum power point tracker applied in batteries charging with PV panels

This work deals with the design and implementation prototype of a real time maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for photovoltaic panel (PV), aiming to improve energy transfer efficiency. This paper describes also the charging process of lead- acid batteries integrating the MPPT algorithm making an charging autonomous system that can be used to feed any autonomous application. The photovoltaic system exhibits a non-linear i-v characteristic and its maximum power point varies with solar insolation and temperature. To control the maximum transfer power from a PV panel the Perturbation and Observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm is executed by a simple microcontroller ATMEL ATTINY861V using the PV voltage and current information and controlling the duty cycle of a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal applied in to a DC/DC converter. The schematic and design of the single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) is presented. This DC/DC converter is chosen because the input voltage can be higher or lower than the output voltage witch presents obvious design advantages. With the P&O MPPT algorithm implemented and executed by the microcontroller, the different charging stages of a lead-acid battery are described, showed and executed Finally, experimental results of the performance of the designed P&O MPPT algorithm are presented and compared with the results achieved with the direct connection of the PV panel to the battery.
High Flow Nasal Cannula oxygenation for adult patients in the ICU: a literature review.

Oxygenation using High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) was initially described in neonatal medicine, but, gradually, its use has extended to adult patients. The efficacy of the device has been linked to higher flows of oxygen delivered to the patients, air tract humidification, alveolar recruitment through a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) effect, prevention of nasopharyngeal collapse, and dead-space washout. Beside the fact that HFNC is a non-invasive way of delivering oxygen to ICU patients, and is well tolerated, results from various clinical trials tend to show positive outcomes for patients presenting with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF), during intubation, or during the post-extubation period. However, controversy arose from recent publications, and larger trials are still required to clarify the position of HFNC in the ICU, and help define the subgroups of patients presenting with AHRF that are most likely to benefit from HFNC therapy.
Visual servoing simulator by using ROS and Gazebo

In this paper, a simulator for five degree of freedom (DOF) visual servoing robot is presented with eye-in-hand configuration. This simulator has been developed in Robot Operating System (ROS) and Gazebo environment. The designed simulator eases the process of testing and debugging visual servoing schemes, and robot controllers. Among different methods, one of the existing Image based visual servoing schemes, image moments, has been implemented to verify the functionality and performance of designed simulator.
Past and Present

Pandemics are the most dramatic presentation of influenza. Three have occurred in the twentieth century: the 1918 H1N1 pandemic, the 1957 H2N2 pandemic, and the 1968 H3N2 pandemic. The tools of molecular epidemiology have been applied in an attempt to determine the origin of pandemic viruses and to understand what made them such successful pathogens. An excellent example of this avenue of research is the recent phylogenetic analysis of genes of the virus that caused the devastating 1918 pandemic. This analysis has been used to identify evolutionarily related influenza virus genes as a clue to the source of the pandemic of 1918. Molecular methods have been used to investigate the avian H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses that recently infected humans in Hong Kong. Antigenic, genetic, and epidemiologic analyses have also furthered our understanding of interpandemic influenza. Although many questions remain, advances of the past two decades have demonstrated that several widely held concepts concerning the global epidemiology of influenza were false. VIROLOGY AND THE MUTABILITY OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES Influenza viruses are enveloped viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae that contain a segmented RNA genome. Of the three types of influenza viruses, A, B, and C, the first two are associated with significant seasonal morbidity and mortality. Influenza A and B viruses were first isolated in 1933 and 1940, respectively (1, 2). Influenza A viruses can be subtyped according to the antigenic and genetic nature of their surface glycoproteins; 15 hemagglutinin (HA) and 9 neuraminidase (NA) subtypes have been identified to date. Viruses bearing all known HA and NA subtypes have been isolated from avian hosts, but only viruses of the H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 subtypes have been associated with widespread epidemics in humans. Influenza A viruses of particular subtypes have also been isolated from *The US government has the right to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright covering this paper. A nn u. R ev . M ed . 2 00 0. 51 :4 07 -4 21 . D ow nl oa de d fr om a rj ou rn al s. an nu al re vi ew s. or g by C O R N E L L U N IV E R SI T Y o n 07 /1 3/ 05 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y.
DBSCAN on Resilient Distributed Datasets

DBSCAN is a well-known density-based data clustering algorithm that is widely used due to its ability to find arbitrarily shaped clusters in noisy data. However, DBSCAN is hard to scale which limits its utility when working with large data sets. Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs), on the other hand, are a fast data-processing abstraction created explicitly for in-memory computation of large data sets. This paper presents a new algorithm based on DBSCAN using the Resilient Distributed Datasets approach: RDD-DBSCAN. RDD-DBSCAN overcomes the scalability limitations of the traditional DBSCAN algorithm by operating in a fully distributed fashion. The paper also evaluates an implementation of RDD-DBSCAN using Apache Spark, the official RDD implementation.
Siblings and the Coming-Out Process: A Comparative Case Study.

Siblings play a key, supportive role in the lives of many lesbian and gay adults. Yet siblings are rarely considered in the literature regarding the coming-out process (D'Augelli et al., 1998; Hilton & Szymanski, 2011; LaSala, 2010; Savin-Williams & Dubé, 1998). To fill this gap in the research literature, we carried out a comparative case study in the country of Belgium between two sets of siblings-three Romani brothers with one sibling identifying as a gay male and three White sisters with one sibling identifying as a lesbian. These two cases were pulled from a larger qualitative study (Haxhe & D'Amore, 2014) of 102 native French-speaking Belgian participants. Findings of the present study revealed that siblings offered critical socio-emotional support in the coming out of their lesbian and gay sibling, particularly with disclosing to parents and with fostering self-acceptance.
Guidelines for accurate EC50/IC50 estimation.

This article provides minimum requirements for having confidence in the accuracy of EC50/IC50 estimates. Two definitions of EC50/IC50s are considered: relative and absolute. The relative EC50/IC50 is the parameter c in the 4-parameter logistic model and is the concentration corresponding to a response midway between the estimates of the lower and upper plateaus. The absolute EC50/IC50 is the response corresponding to the 50% control (the mean of the 0% and 100% assay controls). The guidelines first describe how to decide whether to use the relative EC50/IC50 or the absolute EC50/IC50. Assays for which there is no stable 100% control must use the relative EC50/IC50. Assays having a stable 100% control but for which there may be more than 5% error in the estimate of the 50% control mean should use the relative EC50/IC50. Assays that can be demonstrated to produce an accurate and stable 100% control and less than 5% error in the estimate of the 50% control mean may gain efficiency as well as accuracy by using the absolute EC50/IC50. Next, the guidelines provide rules for deciding when the EC50/IC50 estimates are reportable. The relative EC50/IC50 should only be used if there are at least two assay concentrations beyond the lower and upper bend points. The absolute EC50/IC50 should only be used if there are at least two assay concentrations whose predicted response is less than 50% and two whose predicted response is greater than 50%. A wide range of typical assay conditions are considered in the development of the guidelines.
Power Converter Design for an Integrated Modular Motor Drive

The Integrated Modular Motor Drive (IMMD) concept provides a promising approach to integrating motor drive electronics into the machine housing by modularizing both the machine stator and the power converter. The basic module of the IMMD consists of a stator pole-piece wound with a concentrated coil and fitted with a dedicated power converter unit. This paper addresses several of the challenges associated with the design of an IMMD power converter module. In particular, the issues associated with configuring the dc bus capacitance to meet the demanding size requirements of the power converter are addressed, including the effect of dc bus connections. Experimental results for converter operation are presented, and opportunities to further reduce the capacitor size using active control strategies are discussed.
Mobile traffic forecasting for maximizing 5G network slicing resource utilization

The emerging network slicing paradigm for 5G provides new business opportunities by enabling multi-tenancy support. At the same time, new technical challenges are introduced, as novel resource allocation algorithms are required to accommodate different business models. In particular, infrastructure providers need to implement radically new admission control policies to decide on network slices requests depending on their Service Level Agreements (SLA). When implementing such admission control policies, infrastructure providers may apply forecasting techniques in order to adjust the allocated slice resources so as to optimize the network utilization while meeting network slices' SLAs. This paper focuses on the design of three key network slicing building blocks responsible for (i) traffic analysis and prediction per network slice, (ii) admission control decisions for network slice requests, and (iii) adaptive correction of the forecasted load based on measured deviations. Our results show very substantial potential gains in terms of system utilization as well as a trade-off between conservative forecasting configurations versus more aggressive ones (higher gains, SLA risk).