nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A retrospective audit of the outcome of composites used to restore worn teeth

The aim of this audit was to monitor the outcome of composite restorations placed at an increased vertical dimension in patients with severe tooth wear. This convenience sample of patients were treated by 11 specialist trainees in prosthodontics, and restored with direct composites. Exclusion criteria included bruxism, poor medical health and a preference for monitoring rather than intervention. The restorations were placed between 2012 and 2016 and were placed over more than one appointment and the outcome monitored for up to 14 months. Failure was assessed at a binary level, either success or failure (minor or major).Results A total of 35 patients with a mean age of 45 years (range 24–86), 27 of whom were male, received 251 restorations placed from November 2012 to November 2016. The patients had a mean of 11.51 (range 4 to 16) occluding pairs of teeth. There was a total of 40 restoration failures (17%) which was an 83% success rate based on the total number of restorations. For the patient-based data, 14 patients (39%) had no chips or bulk factures while 22 (61%) patients had failures, of which 60% were chips and 40% bulk fractures. Restoration of worn teeth with composites is associated with a high incidence of fractures. The restoration of worn teeth with composite can involve regular maintenance following fractures and patients need to be aware of this when giving consent.
An update on the physiology of two- and three-toed sloths.

Physiological and pharmacological research undertaken on sloths during the past 30 years is comprehensively reviewed. This includes the numerous studies carried out upon the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, anesthesia, blood chemistry, neuromuscular responses, the brain and spinal cord, vision, sleeping and waking, water balance and kidney function and reproduction. Similarities and differences between the physiology of sloths and that of other mammals are discussed in detail.
Extended list of stop words: Does it work for keyphrase extraction from short texts?

In this paper we study the problem of key phrase extraction from short texts written in Russian. As texts we consider messages posted on Internet car forums related to the purchase or repair of cars. The main assumption made is: the construction of lists of stop words for key phrase extraction can be effective if performed on the basis of a small, expert-marked collection. The results show that even a small number of texts marked by an expert can be enough to build an extended list of stop words. Extracted stop words allow to improve the quality of the key phrase extraction algorithm. Prior, we used a similar approach for key phrase extraction from scientific abstracts in the English language. In this paper we work with Russian texts. The obtained results show that the proposed approach works not only for texts that are appropriate in terms of structure and literacy, such as abstracts, but also for short texts, such as forum messages, in which many words may be misspelled and the text itself is poorly structured. Moreover, the results show that proposed approach works well not only with English texts, but also with texts in the Russian language.
An Extensible System for Multilevel Automatic Data Partition and Mapping

Automatic data distribution is a key feature to obtain efficient implementations from abstract and portable parallel codes. We present a highly efficient and extensible runtime library that integrates techniques for automatic data partition and mapping. It uses a novel approach to define an abstract interface and a plug-in system to encapsulate different types of regular and irregular techniques, helping to generate codes which are independent of the exact mapping functions selected. Currently, it supports hierarchical tiling of arrays with dense and stride domains, that allows the implementation of both data and task parallelism using a SPMD model. It automatically computes appropriate domain partitions for a selected virtual topology, mapping them to available processors with static or dynamic load-balancing techniques. Our library also allows the construction of reusable communication patterns that efficiently exploit MPI communication capabilities. The use of our library greatly reduces the complexity of data distribution and communication, hiding the details of the underlying architecture. The library can be used as an abstract layer for building generic tiling operations as well. Our experimental results show that the use of this library allows to achieve similar performance as carefully-implemented manual versions for several, well-known parallel kernels and benchmarks in distributed and multicore systems, and substantially reduces programming effort.
Convolutional deep learning for 3D object retrieval

In recent years, with the development of 3D technologies, 3D model retrieval has become a hot topic. The key point of 3D model retrieval is to extract robust feature for 3D model representation. In order to improve the effectiveness of method on 3D model retrieval, this paper proposes a feature extraction model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). First, we extract a set of 2D images from 3D model to represent each 3D object. SIFT detector is utilized to detect interesting points from each 2D image and extract interesting patches to represent local information of each 3D model. X-means is leveraged to generate the CNN filters. Second, a single CNN layer learns low-level features which are then given as inputs to multiple recursive neural networks (RNN) in order to compose higher order features. RNNs can generate the final feature for 2D image representation. Finally, nearest neighbor is used to compute the similarity between different 3D models in order to handle the retrieval problem. Extensive comparison experiments were on the popular ETH and MV-RED 3D model datasets. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Analysis of Human Grasping Behavior: Object Characteristics and Grasp Type

This paper is the first of a two-part series analyzing human grasping behavior during a wide range of unstructured tasks. The results help clarify overall characteristics of human hand to inform many domains, such as the design of robotic manipulators, targeting rehabilitation toward important hand functionality, and designing haptic devices for use by the hand. It investigates the properties of objects grasped by two housekeepers and two machinists during the course of almost 10,000 grasp instances and correlates the grasp types used to the properties of the object. We establish an object classification that assigns each object properties from a set of seven classes, including mass, shape and size of the grasp location, grasped dimension, rigidity, and roundness. The results showed that 55 percent of grasped objects had at least one dimension larger than 15 cm, suggesting that more than half of objects cannot physically be grasped using their largest axis. Ninety-two percent of objects had a mass of 500 g or less, implying that a high payload capacity may be unnecessary to accomplish a large subset of human grasping behavior. In terms of grasps, 96 percent of grasp locations were 7 cm or less in width, which can help to define requirements for hand rehabilitation and defines a reasonable grasp aperture size for a robotic hand. Subjects grasped the smallest overall major dimension of the object in 94 percent of the instances. This suggests that grasping the smallest axis of an object could be a reliable default behavior to implement in grasp planners.
Smart textiles for healthcare : applications and technologies

Smart textiles are considered to be a new niche for products with great potentials on the textile and apparel market. Generally, smart textiles are referred as textile products with additional value, i.e. they have the common properties of textiles, but insure additional functions, providing attractive solutions for a wide range of application fields, such as healthcare, clothing for protection and sports and technical textiles for automotive industry. However, manufacturing of smart textile products demands a complex and innovative technological approach, combing conventional textile manufacturing technologies as weaving, knitting and embroidery with technologies originating from the electronic sphere, such as coating, lithography and ink-jet printing. Thus, functionalization of textiles may be processed at different levels, i.e. from fibers till fabric or even ready-made clothing. Understanding of drivers, state-of the-art and tendencies in smart textiles ensures further efficient development technology and its interaction with manufactures and consumers. The paper explores and systematically describes applications of smart textiles for healthcare with sensing and actuating functions and introduces to the main principles of technology for textile sensor manufacturing.
Semantic security against web application attacks

In this paper, we propose a method of detecting and classifying web application attacks. In contrast to current signature-based security methods, our solution is an ontology based technique. It specifies web application attacks by using semantic rules, the context of consequence and the specifications of application protocols. The system is capable of detecting sophisticated attacks effectively and efficiently by analyzing the specified portion of a user request where attacks are possible. Semantic rules help to capture the context of the application, possible attacks and the protocol that was used. These rules also allow inference to run over the ontological models in order to detect, the often complex polymorphic variations of web application attacks. The ontological model was developed using Description Logic that was based on the Web Ontology Language (OWL). The inference rules are Horn Logic statements and are implemented using the Apache JENA framework. The system is therefore platform and technology independent. Prior to the evaluation of the system the knowledge model was validated by using OntoClean to remove inconsistency, incompleteness and redundancy in the specification of ontological concepts. The experimental results show that the detection capability and performance of our system is significantly better than existing state of the art solutions. The system successfully detects web application attacks whilst generating few false positives. The examples that are presented demonstrate that a semantic approach can be used to effectively detect zero day and more sophisticated attacks in a real-world environment.
A Survey on QR Codes : in context of Research and Application

QR code is the type of matrix barcode, which was first designed for the automotive industry by Denso Wave in Japan. The QR Code system has become admired outside the automotive industry due to its fast readability and greater storage capacity compared to standard UPC barcodes. This paper take account of QR codes basics, its real time application in day to day life and research areas associated. With the technology of mobile phones constantly emerging, especially in the area of mobile internet access, QR codes seem to be an adequate tool to quickly and efficiently converse URLs to users. This also allows offline media such as magazines, newspapers, business cards, public transport vehicles, signs, t-shirts and any other medium that can embrace the print of a QR code to be used as carriers for advertisements for online products. QR code being so versatile because of its structural flexibility that it leads to so many diverse field for research such as increasing data capacity, security applications such as different kinds of watermarking and steganography as well. Some experiments have also been done for better recognition of the QR code image that includes scratch removal techniques. Thus, this paper is an attempt to highlight some of possible research areas while considering QR codes.  QR code, Universal Product Code (UPC), watermarking, security, data capacity, scratch removal.
Effect of the Polysaccharide Extract from the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

The polysaccharide-containing extracellular fractions (EFs) of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus have immunomodulating effects. Being aware of these therapeutic effects of mushroom extracts, we have investigated the synergistic relations between these extracts and BIAVAC and BIAROMVAC vaccines. These vaccines target the stimulation of the immune system in commercial poultry, which are extremely vulnerable in the first days of their lives. By administrating EF with polysaccharides from P. ostreatus to unvaccinated broilers we have noticed slow stimulation of maternal antibodies against infectious bursal disease (IBD) starting from four weeks post hatching. For the broilers vaccinated with BIAVAC and BIAROMVAC vaccines a low to almost complete lack of IBD maternal antibodies has been recorded. By adding 5% and 15% EF in the water intake, as compared to the reaction of the immune system in the previous experiment, the level of IBD antibodies was increased. This has led us to believe that by using this combination of BIAVAC and BIAROMVAC vaccine and EF from P. ostreatus we can obtain good results in stimulating the production of IBD antibodies in the period of the chicken first days of life, which are critical to broilers' survival. This can be rationalized by the newly proposed reactivity biological activity (ReBiAc) principles by examining the parabolic relationship between EF administration and recorded biological activity.
Charts of fetal size: limb bones.

To construct new size charts for all fetal limb bones.



A prospective, cross sectional study.



Ultrasound department of a large hospital.


SAMPLE
663 fetuses scanned once only for the purpose of the study at gestations between 12 and 42 weeks.



Centiles were estimated by combining separate regression models fitted to the mean and standard deviation, assuming that the measurements have a normal distribution at each gestational age.



Determination of fetal limb lengths from 12 to 42 weeks of gestation.



Size charts for fetal bones (radius, ulna, humerus, tibia, fibula, femur and foot) are presented and compared with previously published data.



We present new size charts for fetal limb bones which take into consideration the increasing variability with gestational age. We have compared these charts with other published data; the differences seen may be largely due to methodological differences. As standards for fetal head and abdominal measurements have been published from the same population, we suggest that the use of the new charts may facilitate prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias.
CORE: A Cloud-based Object Recognition Engine for robotics

An object recognition engine needs to extract discriminative features from data representing an object and accurately classify the object to be of practical use in robotics. Furthermore, the classification of the object must be rapidly performed in the presence of a voluminous stream of data. These conditions call for a distributed and scalable architecture that can utilize a cloud computing infrastructure for performing object recognition. This paper introduces a Cloud-based Object Recognition Engine (CORE) to address these needs. CORE is able to train on large-scale datasets, perform classification of 3D point cloud data, and efficiently transfer data in a robotic network.
Momentum control of humanoid robots with series elastic actuators

Humanoid robots may require a degree of compliance at joint level for improving efficiency, shock tolerance, and safe interaction with humans. The presence of joint elasticity, however, complexifies the control design of humanoid robots. This paper proposes a control framework to extend momentum based controllers developed for stiff actuation to the case of series elastic actuators. The key point is to consider the motor velocities as an intermediate control input, and then apply high-gain control to stabilise the desired motor velocities achieving momentum control. Simulations carried out on a model of the robot iCub verify the soundness of the proposed approach.
Common genetic determinants of vitamin D insufficiency: a genome-wide association study

Vitamin D is crucial for maintenance of musculoskeletal health, and might also have a role in extraskeletal tissues. Determinants of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations include sun exposure and diet, but high heritability suggests that genetic factors could also play a part. We aimed to identify common genetic variants affecting vitamin D concentrations and risk of insufficiency.



We undertook a genome-wide association study of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 33 996 individuals of European descent from 15 cohorts. Five epidemiological cohorts were designated as discovery cohorts (n=16 125), five as in-silico replication cohorts (n=9367), and five as de-novo replication cohorts (n=8504). 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay, chemiluminescent assay, ELISA, or mass spectrometry. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as concentrations lower than 75 nmol/L or 50 nmol/L. We combined results of genome-wide analyses across cohorts using Z-score-weighted meta-analysis. Genotype scores were constructed for confirmed variants.



Variants at three loci reached genome-wide significance in discovery cohorts for association with 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and were confirmed in replication cohorts: 4p12 (overall p=1.9x10(-109) for rs2282679, in GC); 11q12 (p=2.1x10(-27) for rs12785878, near DHCR7); and 11p15 (p=3.3x10(-20) for rs10741657, near CYP2R1). Variants at an additional locus (20q13, CYP24A1) were genome-wide significant in the pooled sample (p=6.0x10(-10) for rs6013897). Participants with a genotype score (combining the three confirmed variants) in the highest quartile were at increased risk of having 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations lower than 75 nmol/L (OR 2.47, 95% CI 2.20-2.78, p=2.3x10(-48)) or lower than 50 nmol/L (1.92, 1.70-2.16, p=1.0x10(-26)) compared with those in the lowest quartile.



Variants near genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, hydroxylation, and vitamin D transport affect vitamin D status. Genetic variation at these loci identifies individuals who have substantially raised risk of vitamin D insufficiency.
The Active Element Machine

We present a new computing machine, called an active element machine (AEM), and the AEM programming language. This computing model is motivated by the positive aspects of dendritic integration, inspired by biology, and traditional programming languages based on the register machine. Distinct from the traditional register machine, the fundamental computing elements – active elements – compute simultaneously. Distinct from traditional programming languages, all active element commands have an explicit reference to time. These attributes make the AEM an inherently parallel machine and enable the AEM to change its architecture (program) as it is executing its program.
An Adaptive Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol for Reliable Broadcast in Wireless Networks

Ab.wacrThis paper presents ABROAD, an adaptive medium access control (MAC) protocol for reliable broadcast packet transmission in wireless networks. ABROAD incorporates a collision-avoidance handshake within each slot of a synchronous transmission schedule, allowing nodes to reclaim and/or rewe idle slots while maintaining bounded ac. cess delay. Thus, ABROAD provides worst-case performance guarantees while remaining adaptive to local changes in traffic load and node eonnectivity. We analyze the optimal worst-case performance of ABROAD, and show that there is a strict increase in the number of broadcast pack. cts per second ovcr a pure time division multiple access (TDMA) protocol. Extensive simulation confirms our analysis, and also demonslrates that ABROAD aulperfoms broadcast protocols based an reliable unicast packet delivery schemes, such as the IEEE 802.11 MAC standard.
Engine Speed Control of Excavator with PID Method

Distinction work task power-matching control strategy was adapted to excavator for improving fuel efficiency; the accuracy of rotate engine speed at each work task was core to excavator for saving energy. 21t model excavator ZG3210-9 was taken as the study object to analyze the rotate speed setting and control method, linear position feedback throttle motor was employed to control the governor of engine to adjust rotate speed. Improved double closed loop PID method was adapted to control the engine, feedback of rotate speed and throttle position was taken as the input of the PID control mode. Control system was designed in CoDeSys platform with G16 controller, throttle motor control experiment and engine auto control experiment were carried on the excavator for tuning PID parameters. The result indicated that the double closed-loop PID method can take control and set the engine rotate speed automatically with the maximum error of 8 rpm. The linear model between throttle feedback position and rotate speed is established, which provides the control basis for dynamic energy saving of excavator.
Experimental assessment of battery lifetime for commercial off-the-shelf NB-IoT module

Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) connectivity, a wireless wide area technology that is characterized for interconnecting devices with low bandwidth connectivity and focusing on range and power efficiency, is seen as one of the fastest-growing components of Internet-of-Things (IoT). The LPWA connectivity is used to serve a diverse range of vertical applications, including agriculture, consumer, industrial, logistic, smart building, smart city and utilities. 3GPP has defined the maiden Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) specification in Release 13 (Rel-13) to accommodate the LPWA demand. Several major cellular operators, such as China Mobile, Deutsch Telekom and Vodafone, have announced their NB-IoT trials or commercial network in year 2017. In Telekom Malaysia, we have setup a NB-IoT trial network for End-to-End (E2E) integration study. Our experimental assessment showed that the battery lifetime target for NB-IoT devices as stated by 3GPP utilizing latest-to-date Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) NB-IoT modules is yet to be realized. Finally, several recommendations on how to optimize the battery lifetime while designing firmware for NB-IoT device are also provided.