nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Slice-to-Volume Transformation in Presence of Arbitrary Subject Motion

This paper aims to solve a fundamental problem in intensitybased 2D/3D registration, which concerns the limited capture range and need for very good initialization of state-of-the-art image registration methods. We propose a regression approach that learns to predict rotation and translations of arbitrary 2D image slices from 3D volumes, with respect to a learned canonical atlas co-ordinate system. To this end, we utilize Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to learn the highly complex regression function that maps 2D image slices into their correct position and orientation in 3D space. Our approach is attractive in challenging imaging scenarios, where significant subject motion complicates reconstruction performance of 3D volumes from 2D slice data. We extensively evaluate the effectiveness of our approach quantitatively on simulated MRI brain data with extreme random motion. We further demonstrate qualitative results on fetal MRI where our method is integrated into a full reconstruction and motion compensation pipeline. With our CNN regression approach we obtain an average prediction error of 7mm on simulated data, and convincing reconstruction quality of images of very young fetuses where previous methods fail. We further discuss applications to Computed Tomography and X-ray projections. Our approach is a general solution to the 2D/3D initialization problem. It is computationally efficient, with prediction times per slice of a few milliseconds, making it suitable for real-time scenarios.
Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth

Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth encompasses the full scope of acute dental trauma, including all aspects of inter-disciplinary treatment. This fourth edition captures the significant advances which have been made in the subject of dental traumatology, since the publication of the last edition more than a decade ago. The comprehensive nature of the book is designed to appeal to distinguished clinicians and scholars of dental traumatology, whether they be oral surgeons, pediatric dentists, endodontists, or from a related specialist community.
Distribution grid impact of Plug-In Electric Vehicles charging at fast charging stations using stochastic charging model

Charging PEVs (Plug-In Electric Vehicles) at public fast charging station can improve the public acceptance and increase their penetration level by solving problems related to vehicles' battery. However, the price for the impact of fast charging stations on the distribution grid has to be dealt with. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of fast charging stations on a distribution grid using a stochastic fast charging model and to present the charging model with some of its results. The model is used to investigate the impacts on distribution transformer loading and system bus voltage profiles of the test distribution grid. Stochastic and deterministic modelling approaches are also compared. It is concluded that fast charging stations affect transformer loading and system bus voltage profiles. Hence, necessary measures such as using local energy storage and voltage conditioning devices, such as SVC (Static Var Compensator), have to be used at the charging station to handle the problems. It is also illustrated that stochastic modelling approach can produce a more sound and realistic results than deterministic approach.
A Pervasive Assistive Robot System Including Projection-Camera Technology for Older Adults

Here we present a projection augmented reality (AR) based assistive robot, which we call the Pervasive Assistive Robot System (PARS). The PARS aims to improve the quality of life by of the elderly and less able-bodied. In particular, the proposed system will support dynamic display and monitoring systems, which will be helpful for older adults who have difficulty moving their limbs and who have a weak memory.We attempted to verify the usefulness of the PARS using various scenarios. We expected that PARSs will be used as assistive robots for people who experience physical discomfort in their daily lives.
Exploring Alternatives during Requirements Analysis

0 7 4 0 7 4 5 9 / 0 0 / $ 1 0 . 0 0 © 2 0 0 1 I E E E While such techniques1 form the foundation for many contemporary software engineering practices, requirements analysis has to involve more than understanding and modeling the functions, data, and interfaces for a new system. In addition, the requirements engineer needs to explore alternatives and evaluate their feasibility and desirability with respect to business goals. For instance, suppose your task is to build a system to schedule meetings. First, you might want to explore whether the system should do most of the scheduling work or only record meetings. Then you might want to evaluate these requirements with respect to technical objectives (such as response time) and business objectives (such as meeting effectiveness, low costs, or system usability). Once you select an alternative to best meet overall objectives, you can further refine the meaning of terms such as “meeting,” “participant,” or “scheduling conflict.” You can also define the basic functions the system will support. The need to explore alternatives and evaluate them with respect to business objectives has led to research on goal-oriented analysis.2,3 We argue here that goal-oriented analysis complements and strengthens traditional requirements analysis techniques by offering a means for capturing and evaluating alternative ways of meeting business goals. The remainder of this article details the five main steps that comprise goal-oriented analysis. These steps include goal analysis, softgoal analysis, softgoal correlation analysis, goal correlation analysis, and evaluation of alterfeature
An ontology-based approach to Chinese semantic advertising

In the web advertising domain, contextual advertising and sponsored search are two of the main advertising channels used to display related advertisements on web pages. A major challenge for contextual advertising is to match advertisements and web pages based on their semantics. When a web page and its semantically related advertisements contain many different words, the performance of the traditional methods can be very poor. In particular, there are few studies presented for Chinese contextual advertising that are based on semantics. To address these issues, we propose an ontology-based approach to Chinese semantic advertising. We utilize an ontology called the Taobao Ontology and populate it by automatically adding related phrases as instances. The ontology is used to match web pages and advertisements on a conceptual level. Based on the Taobao Ontology, the proposed method exploits seven distance functions to measure the similarities between concepts and web pages or advertisements. Then, the similarities between web pages and advertisements are calculated by considering the ontology-based similarities as well as term-based similarities. The empirical experiments indicate that our method is able to match Chinese web pages and advertisements with a relatively high accuracy. Among the seven distance functions, Cosine distance and Tanimoto distance show the best performance in terms of precision, recall, and F-measure. In addition, our method outperforms two contextual advertising methods, i.e., the impedance coupling method and the SVMbased method.
On-line stator resistance and permanent magnet flux linkage identification on open-end winding PMSM drives

This paper deals with the development and implementation of an on-line stator resistance and permanent magnet flux linkage identification approach devoted to three-phase and open-end winding permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. In particular, the stator resistance and the permanent magnet flux linkage variations are independently determined by exploiting a current vector control strategy, in which one of the phase currents is continuously maintained to zero while the others are suitably modified in order to establish the same rotating magnetomotive force. Moreover, other motor parameters can be evaluated after re-establishing the normal operation of the drive, under the same operating conditions. As will be demonstrated, neither additional sensors nor special tests are required in the proposed method; Motor electrical parameters can be “on-line” estimated in a wide operating range, avoiding any detrimental impact on the torque capability of the PMSM drive.
Wearable Thermoelectric Power Generators Combined With Flexible Supercapacitor for Low-Power Human Diagnosis Devices

This paper presents a wearable thermoelectric power generator using body heat to supply power to low-power human diagnosis devices (especially sensor nodes), thus a new type of thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated into clothes that combines the TEG technology with fashion sports equipment: wrist guards, leg guards, headbands, and sports tights is also proposed. As a result of this integration, any difference in the appearance of a wearable thermoelectric power generator is not significant when compared with the original clothing. Through the design and experiment of wearable TEG, here several key factors that affect the human body heat energy: ambient temperatures, skin temperatures, wind, human activity, and the connection mode of the TEG module are analyzed. The experimental results show that the power of a single TEG module can reach about 250 μW at 5 °C, while the power of the multiple TEG modules including only four TEG can be close to 1 mW after the integration of sports tight. Finally, the flexible supercapacitor is utilized as the energy storage element, which shows excellent storage character and good effect of conjunction with clothing.
Individual development and uPA–receptor expression of disseminated tumour cells in bone marrow: A reference to early systemic disease in solid cancer

It is unclear whether disseminated tumour cells detected in bone marrow in early stages of solid cancers indicate a subclinical systemic disease component determining the patient's fate or simply represent mainly irrelevant shed cells. Moreover, characteristics differentiating high and low metastatic potential of disseminated tumour cells are not defined. We performed repeated serial bone marrow biopsies during follow–up in operated gastric cancer patients. Most patients with later tumour relapse revealed either an increase or a constantly high number of tumour cells. In contrast, in patients without recurrence, either clearance of tumour cells or negative or low cell counts were seen. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)–receptor expression on disseminated tumour cells was significantly correlated with increasing tumour cell counts and clinical prognosis. These results demonstrate a systemic component in early solid cancer, indicated by early systemically disseminated tumour cells, which may predict individual disease development.
Effects of three tapering techniques on the performance, forces and psychometric measures of competitive swimmers

The 100-m and 400-m swim time, tethered swimming forces, mood states and self-ratings of well-being of 27 competitive swimmers were measured before and after 4 weeks of intense training and after 1 week and 2 weeks of tapering for major competition. The swimmers were divided into three groups. Each group completed one of three taper regimes similar to those currently performed by swimmers in preparation for competition: (a) reduced training frequency according to each athlete's daily ratings of well-being, (b) reduced training volume, and (c) reduced training volume and intensity. Significant improvements in the Profile of Mood States measures of tension, depression and anger (P < 0.05) were observed after 1 week of tapering, with significant improvements in total mood disturbance and fatigue (P < 0.05) and peak tethered swimming force (P < 0.01) after 2 weeks. Non-significant improvements in 100-m and 400-m swim time (P > 0.05) were observed and no significant differences were revealed among the three tapering techniques. These data highlighted the importance of providing sufficient recovery before competition, since 1 week of reduced training was not long enough to maximise the benefits of tapering. However, none of the three types of tapering currently used by competitive swimmers could be shown to be more beneficial than the others.
Influence of Humic Products on Soil Health and Potato Production

Since 1900, soil organic matter (SOM) in farmlands worldwide has declined drastically as a result of carbon turnover and cropping systems. Over the past 17 years, research trials were established to evaluate the efficacy of different commercial humates products on potato production. Data from humic acid (HA) trials showed that different cropping systems responded differently to different products in relation to yield and quality. Important qualifying factors included: source; concentration; processing; chelating or complexing capacity of the humic acid products; functional groups (Carboxyl; Phenol; Hydroxyl; Ketone; Ester; Ether; Amine), rotation and soil quality factors; consistency of the product in enhancing yield and quality of potato crops; mineralization effect; and influence on fertilizer use efficiency. Properties of humic substances, major constituents of soil organic matter, include chelation, mineralization, buffer effect, clay mineral-organic interaction, and cation exchange. Humates increase phosphorus availability by complexing ions into stable compounds, allowing the phosphorus ion to remain exchangeable for plants’ uptake. Collectively, the consistent use of good quality products in our replicated research plots in different years resulted in a yield increase from 11.4% to the maximum of 22.3%. Over the past decade, there has been a major increase in the quality of research and development of organic and humic acid products by some well-established manufacturers. Our experimentations with these commercial products showed an increase in the yield and quality of crops.
Stochastic Sequencing and Scheduling of an Operating Room

We develop algorithms for a stochastic appointment sequencing and scheduling problem with waiting time, idle time, and overtime costs. Scheduling surgeries in an operating room motivates the work. The problem is formulated as an integer stochastic program using sample average approximation. A heuristic solution approach based on Benders’ decomposition is developed and compared to exact methods and to previously proposed approaches. Extensive computational testing based on real data shows that the proposed methods produce good results compared to previous approaches. In addition we prove that the finite scenario sample average approximation problem is NP-complete.
A Conceptual Framework for Business Intelligence as a Service (SaaS BI)

With the rapid development of web technology, an increasing number of enterprises having been seeking for a method to facilitate business decision making process, power the bottom line, and achieve a fully coordinated organization, called business intelligence (BI). Unfortunately, traditional BI tends to be unmanageable, risky and prohibitively expensive, especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The emergence of cloud computing and Software as a Service (SaaS) provides a cost effective solution. Recently, business intelligence applications delivered via SaaS, termed as Business Intelligence as a Service (SaaS BI), has proved to be the next generation in BI market. However, since SaaS BI just comes in its infant stage, a general framework maybe poorly considered. Therefore, in this paper we proposed a general conceptual framework for SaaS BI, and presented several possible future directions of SaaS BI.
Integrated Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor Optically Injection-Locked Self-Oscillating Opto-Electronic Mixers for Bi-Directional Fiber-Fed Wireless Applications

A 30-GHz-band third harmonic optically injection-locked self-oscillating opto-electronic mixer is implemented with a 10-GHz InP heterojunction bipolar transistor monolithic microwave integrated circuit oscillator. The monolithic self-oscillating mixer can be optically injection locked in wide operating conditions and can perform efficient frequency up- and down-conversion with low-power optical local-oscillator signals. Using the mixer, bi-directional transmission of 32 quadrature amplitude modulation data in a 30-GHz fiber-fed wireless link is successfully demonstrated.
IRONLESS LOUDSPEAKERS WITH FERROFLUID SEALS

This paper describes the drawbacks related to the iron in the classical electrodynamic loudspeaker structure. Then it describes loudspeaker motors without any iron, which are only made of permanent magnets. They are associated to a piston like moving part which glides on ferrofluid seals. Furthermore, the coil is short and the suspension is wholly pneumatic. Several types of magnet assemblies are described and discussed. Indeed, their properties regarding the force factor and the ferrofluid seal shape depend on their structure. Eventually, the capacity of the seals is evaluated.
Open Knowledge Base and Question Answering Workshop (OKBQA)

This paper proposes a new idea that uses Wikipedia categories as answer types and defines candidate sets inside Wikipedia. The focus of a given question is searched in the hierarchy of Wikipedia main pages. Our searching strategy combines head-noun matching and synonym matching provided in semantic resources. The set of answer candidates is determined by the entry hierarchy in Wikipedia and the hyponymy hierarchy in WordNet. The experimental results show that the approach can find candidate sets in a smaller size but achieve better performance especially for ARTIFACT and ORGANIZATION types, where the performance is better than state-of-the-art Chinese factoid QA systems.
MOS operational amplifier design-a tutorial overview

Presents an overview of current design techniques for operational amplifiers implemented in CMOS and NMOS technology at a tutorial level. Primary emphasis is placed on CMOS amplifiers because of their more widespread use. Factors affecting voltage gain, input noise, offsets, common mode and power supply rejection, power dissipation, and transient response are considered for the traditional bipolar-derived two-stage architecture. Alternative circuit approaches for optimization of particular performance aspects are summarized, and examples are given.
A Framework for Procedural Text Understanding

In this paper we propose a framework for procedural text understanding. Procedural texts are relatively clear without modality nor dependence on viewpoints, etc. and have many potential applications in artificial intelligence. Thus they are suitable as the first target of natural language understanding. As our framework we extend parsing technologies to connect important concepts in a text. Our framework first tokenizes the input text, a sequence of sentences, then recognizes important concepts like named entity recognition, and finally connect them like a sentence parser but dealing all the concepts in the text at once. We tested our framework on cooking recipe texts annotated with a directed acyclic graph as their meaning. We present experimental results and evaluate our framework.
Finding support sentences for entities

We study the problem of finding sentences that explain the relationship between a named entity and an ad-hoc query, which we refer to as entity support sentences. This is an important sub-problem of entity ranking which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been addressed before. In this paper we give the first formalization of the problem, how it can be evaluated, and present a full evaluation dataset. We propose several methods to rank these sentences, namely retrieval-based, entity-ranking based and position-based. We found that traditional bag-of-words models perform relatively well when there is a match between an entity and a query in a given sentence, but they fail to find a support sentence for a substantial portion of entities. This can be improved by incorporating small windows of context sentences and ranking them appropriately.
WIDEBAND MINIATURIZED L-PROBE FED FRACTAL CLOVER LEAF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

A novel fractal called Fractal Clover Leaf (FCL) is introduced and shown to have well miniaturization capabilities. The proposed patches are fed by L-shape probe to achieve wide bandwidth operation in PCS band. A numerical parametric study on the proposed antenna is presented. It is found that the antenna can attain more than 72% size reduction as well as 17% impedance bandwidth (VSWR<2), in cost of less gain. It is also shown that impedance matching could be reached by tuning probe parameters. The proposed antenna is suitable for handset applications and tight packed planar phased arrays to achieve lower scan angels than rectangular patches.
Degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 by human plasma in vitro yields an N-terminally truncated peptide that is a major endogenous metabolite in vivo.

The metabolism of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has not been studied in detail, but it is known to be rapidly cleared from the circulation. Measurement by RIA is hampered by the fact that most antisera are side-viewing or C-terminally directed, and recognize both intact GLP-1 and biologically inactive. N-terminally truncated fragments. Using high pressure liquid chromatography in combination with RIAs, methodology allowing specific determination of both intact GLP-1 and its metabolites was developed. Human plasma was shown to degrade GLP-1-(7-36)amide, forming an N-terminally truncated peptide with a t1/2 of 20.4 +/- 1.4 min at 37 C (n = 6). This was unaffected by EDTA or aprotinin. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV or low temperature (4 C) completely prevented formation of the metabolite, which was confirmed to be GLP-1-(9-36)amide by mass spectrometry and sequence analysis. High pressure liquid chromatography revealed the concentration of GLP-1-(9-36)amide to be 53.5 +/- 13.7% of the concentration of endogenous intact GLP-1 in the fasted state, which increased to 130.8 +/- 10.0% (P < 0.01; n = 6) 1 h postprandially. Metabolism at the C-terminus was not observed. This study suggests that dipeptidyl peptidase-IV is the primary mechanism for GLP-1 degradation in human plasma in vitro and may have a role in inactivating the peptide in vivo.
The Boolean Solution Problem from the Perspective of Predicate Logic - Extended Version

Finding solution values for unknowns in Boolean equations was a principal reasoning mode in the Algebra of Logic of the 19th century. Schröder investigated it as Auflösungsproblem (solution problem). It is closely related to the modern notion of Boolean unification. Today it is commonly presented in an algebraic setting, but seems potentially useful also in knowledge representation based on predicate logic. We show that it can be modeled on the basis of first-order logic extended by secondorder quantification. A wealth of classical results transfers, foundations for algorithms unfold, and connections with second-order quantifier elimination and Craig interpolation show up. Although for first-order inputs the set of solutions is recursively enumerable, the development of constructive methods remains a challenge. We identify some cases that allow constructions, most of them based on Craig interpolation, and show a method to take vocabulary restrictions on solution components into account.  June 26, 2017