nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Forensic Evidence

The needs of the child are paramount. The clinician’s first task is to diagnose the cause of symptoms and signs whether accidental, inflicted or the result of an underlying medical condition. Where abuse is diagnosed the task is to safeguard the child and treat the physical and psychological effects of maltreatment. A child is one who has not yet reached his or her 18th birthday. Child abuse is any action by another person that causes significant harm to a child or fails to meet a basic need. It involves acts of both commission and omission with effects on the child’s physical, developmental, and psychosocial well-being. The vast majority of carers from whatever walk of life, love, nurture and protect their children. A very few, in a momentary loss of control in an otherwise caring parent, cause much regretted injury. An even smaller number repeatedly maltreat their children in what becomes a pattern of abuse. One parent may harm, the other may fail to protect by omitting to seek help. Child abuse whether physical or psychological is unlawful.
Computer Organization and Design, Fifth Edition: The Hardware/Software Interface

The fifth edition of Computer Organization and Design-winner of a 2014 Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from The Text and Academic Authors Association-moves forward into the post-PC era with new examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the cloud. This edition of mobile computing devices and switches copyright muze inc. President of stanford focuses on the text and content featuring tablet computers. Because an independent company in depth with updated and the computing material highlighting. 235 191 mm john, von neumann award. Because an was unlucky but after that the cloud computing. Because an understanding of the post pc era. Hennessy is the core i7 arm, cortex a8 and academic authors association highlights.
Diminishing Marginal Utility of Income ? Caveat

[T]he income and happiness relationship is . . . curvilinear . . . with a decreasing marginal utility for higher levels of income . . . . (Diener, Sandvik, Seidlitz, and Diener, 1993, 204; cf. also Diener and Biswas-Diener, 2002, 119) [W]e not only see a clear positive relationship [between happiness and GNP per capita], but also a curvilinear pattern; which suggest that wealth is subject to a law of diminishing happiness returns (Veenhoven, 1991, 10; cf. also1989, 15-18; 1993, 127). Comparing across countries, it is true that income and happiness are positively related and that the marginal utility falls with higher income. Higher income clearly raises happiness in developing countries, while the effect is only small, if it exists at all, in rich countries (Frey and Stutzer, 2002a, 90). The early phases of economic development [as measured by GNP per capita] seem to produce a big return . . . in terms of human happiness. But the return levels off . . . Economic development eventually reaches a point of diminishing returns . . . in terms of human happiness (Inglehart, 2000, 219; cf. also 1997, 61).
Annapurna: Building a Real-World Smartwatch-Based Automated Food Journal

We describe the design and implementation of a smartwatch-based, completely unobtrusive, food journaling system, where the smartwatch helps to intelligently capture useful images of food that an individual consumes throughout the day. The overall system, called Annapurna, is based on three key components: (a) a smartwatch-based gesture recognizer to identify eating gestures, (b) a smartwatch-based image capturer that obtains a small set of relevant and useful images with a low energy overhead, and (c) a server-based image filtering engine that removes irrelevant uploaded images, and then catalogs them through a portal. Our primary challenge is to make the system robust to the huge diversity in natural eating habits and food choices. We show how we address this by an appropriate coupling between a smartwatch's camera sensor and inertial sensor-based tracking of eating gestures, thereby helping to capture multiple likely-to-be-useful images with low energy overhead. Through a series of real-world, in-the-wild studies, we demonstrate the end-to-end working of Annapurna, which captures useful images in over 95% of all natural eating episodes.
Techniques for RF localization of wireless capsule endoscopy

Location estimation of a wireless capsule endoscope at 400 MHz MICS band is implemented here using both RSSI and TOA-based techniques and their performance investigated. To improve the RSSI-based location estimation, a maximum likelihood (ML) estimation method is employed. For the TOA-based localization, FDTD coupled with continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used to estimate the time of arrival and localization is performed using multilateration. The performances of the proposed localization algorithms are evaluated using a computational heterogeneous biological tissue phantom in the 402MHz-405MHz MICS band. Our investigations reveal that the accuracy obtained by TOA based method is superior to RSSI based estimates. It has been observed that the ML method substantially improves the accuracy of the RSSI-based location estimation.
Total Synthesis and Biological Mode of Action of WAP-8294A2: A Menaquinone-Targeting Antibiotic.

WAP-8294A2 (lotilibcin, 1) is a potent antibiotic with superior in vivo efficacy to vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Despite the great medical importance, its molecular mode of action remains unknown. Here we report the total synthesis of complex macrocyclic peptide 1 comprised of 12 amino acids with a β-hydroxy fatty-acid chain, and its deoxy analogue 2. A full solid-phase synthesis of 1 and 2 enabled their rapid assembly and the first detailed investigation of their functions. Compounds 1 and 2 were equipotent against various strains of Gram-positive bacteria including MRSA. We present evidence that the antimicrobial activities of 1 and 2 are due to lysis of the bacterial membrane, and their membrane-disrupting effects depend on the presence of menaquinone, an essential factor for the bacterial respiratory chain. The established synthetic routes and the menaquinone-targeting mechanisms provide valuable information for designing and developing new antibiotics based on their structures.
DLR MiroSurge: a versatile system for research in endoscopic telesurgery

Research on surgical robotics demands systems for evaluating scientific approaches. Such systems can be divided into dedicated and versatile systems. Dedicated systems are designed for a single surgical task or technique, whereas versatile systems are designed to be expandable and useful in multiple surgical applications. Versatile systems are often based on industrial robots, though, and because of this, are hardly suitable for close contact with humans. To achieve a high degree of versatility the Miro robotic surgery platform (MRSP) consists of versatile components, dedicated front–ends towards surgery and configurable interfaces for the surgeon. This paper presents MiroSurge, a configuration of the MRSP that allows for bimanual endoscopic telesurgery with force feedback. While the components of the MiroSurge system are shown to fulfil the rigid design requirements for robotic telesurgery with force feedback, the system remains versatile, which is supposed to be a key issue for the further development and optimisation.
Unsupervised, information-theoretic, adaptive image filtering for image restoration

Image restoration is an important and widely studied problem in computer vision and image processing. Various image filtering strategies have been effective, but invariably make strong assumptions about the properties of the signal and/or degradation. Hence, these methods lack the generality to be easily applied to new applications or diverse image collections. This paper describes a novel unsupervised, information-theoretic, adaptive filter (UINTA) that improves the predictability of pixel intensities from their neighborhoods by decreasing their joint entropy. In this way, UINTA automatically discovers the statistical properties of the signal and can thereby restore a wide spectrum of images. The paper describes the formulation to minimize the joint entropy measure and presents several important practical considerations in estimating neighborhood statistics. It presents a series of results on both real and synthetic data along with comparisons with state-of-the-art techniques, including novel applications to medical image processing.
DSM-5 ASD moves forward into the past.

The fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) (APA in diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Author, Washington, 2013) has decided to merge the subtypes of pervasive developmental disorders into a single category of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on the assumption that they cannot be reliably differentiated from one another. The purpose of this review is to analyze the basis of this assumption by examining the comparative studies between Asperger's disorder (AsD) and autistic disorder (AD), and between pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS) and AD. In all, 125 studies compared AsD with AD. Of these, 30 studies concluded that AsD and AD were similar conditions while 95 studies found quantitative and qualitative differences between them. Likewise, 37 studies compared PDDNOS with AD. Nine of these concluded that PDDNOS did not differ significantly from AD while 28 reported quantitative and qualitative differences between them. Taken together, these findings do not support the conceptualization of AD, AsD and PDDNOS as a single category of ASD. Irrespective of the changes proposed by the DSM-5, future research and clinical practice will continue to find ways to meaningfully subtype the ASD.
On Benchmarking of Invoice Analysis Systems

An approach is presented to guide the benchmarking of invoice analysis systems, a specific, applied subclass of document analysis systems. The state of the art of benchmarking of document analysis systems is presented, based on the processing levels: Document Page Segmentation, Text Recognition, Document Classification, and Information Extraction. The restriction to invoices enables and requires a more purposeful, i.e. detailed, targetting of the benchmarking procedures (acquisition of ground truth data, system runs, comparison of data, condensation into meaningful numbers). Therefore the processing of invoices is dissected. The involved data structures are elicited and presented. These are provided, being the building blocks of the actual benchmarking of invoice analysis systems.
Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations.

Previous studies evaluated the perception of laypersons to symmetric alteration of anterior dental esthetics. However, no studies have evaluated the perception of asymmetric esthetic alterations. This investigation will determine whether asymmetric and symmetric anterior dental discrepancies are detectable by dental professionals and laypersons.



Seven images of women's smiles were intentionally altered with a software-imaging program. The alterations involved crown length, crown width, midline diastema, papilla height, and gingiva-to-lip relationship of the maxillary anterior teeth. These altered images were rated by groups of general dentists, orthodontists, and laypersons using a visual analog scale. Statistical analysis of the responses resulted in the establishment of threshold levels of attractiveness for each group.



Orthodontists were more critical than dentists and laypeople when evaluating asymmetric crown length discrepancies. All 3 groups could identify a unilateral crown width discrepancy of 2.0 mm. A small midline diastema was not rated as unattractive by any group. Unilateral reduction of papillary height was generally rated less attractive than bilateral alteration. Orthodontists and laypeople rated a 3-mm distance from gingiva to lip as unattractive.



Asymmetric alterations make teeth more unattractive to not only dental professionals but also the lay public.
Large residual multiple view 3D CNN for false positive reduction in pulmonary nodule detection

Pulmonary nodules detection play a significant role in the early detection and treatment of lung cancer. False positive reduction is the one of the major parts of pulmonary nodules detection systems. In this study a novel method aimed at recognizing real pulmonary nodule among a large group of candidates was proposed. The method consists of three steps: appropriate receptive field selection, feature extraction and a strategy for high level feature fusion and classification. The dataset consists of 888 patient's chest volume low dose computer tomography (LDCT) scans, selected from publicly available LIDC-IDRI dataset. This dataset was marked by LUNA16 challenge organizers resulting in 1186 nodules. Trivial data augmentation and dropout were applied in order to avoid overfitting. Our method achieved high competition performance metric (CPM) of 0.735 and sensitivities of 78.8% and 83.9% at 1 and 4 false positives per scan, respectively. This study is also accompanied by detailed descriptions and results overview in comparison with the state of the art solutions.
STHREE: Stemmer for Malayalam using three pass algorithm

This paper reports the design of a three pass stemmer STHREE for Malayalam. The language is rich in morphological variations but poor in linguistic computational resources. The system returns the meaningful root word of the input word in 97% of the cases when tested with 1040 words. This is a significant improvement over the reported accuracy of SILPA system, the only known stemmer for Malayalam, with the same test data sets.
Impact of prior exercise on hamstring flexibility: a comparison of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching.

Position stands from the American College of Sports Medicine and the Surgeon General site a need for strategies capable of enhancing the effectiveness of stretching on flexibility and joint range of motion. One strategy for enhancing flexibility that has received anecdotal support but lacks substantial experimental evidence is the impact of prior exercise. This study compared 5 minutes of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on hamstring flexibility performed with and without exercise. Forty undergraduate student-athletes participated in a repeated measure, counterbalanced experimental design. Within-group comparisons indicated that PNF resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in flexibility after 60 minutes of exercise when compared with baseline (9.6%) and without exercise (7.8%). No differences were observed with static stretching across time. In addition, no differences were observed between the groups at any time point. Results demonstrated that PNF performed after exercise enhanced acute hamstring flexibility, and implementing a PNF stretching routine following exercise may augment current stretching practices among athletes.
SenseTag: A tagging tool for constructing Thai sentiment lexicon

In research of sentiment analysis, polarity terms are important elements to help classify the polarity of text to be positive or negative. This paper presents SenseTag which is a sentiment tagging tool for constructing Thai sentiment lexicon on web-based platform. It consists of three main components: data collection, data annotation and administrative operation. The first component is to collect data from social media such as Twitter and www.pantip.com, then preprocess them. The second component is designed to make it easier for linguist to annotate data. The third component allows administrator to configure and manage tag category, domain corpus and user account. We discuss and report the result of annotation in four topics (e.g., mobile phone, automobile, stock market, and general).
Preliminary Version An Overview of MANETs Simulation

Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are dynamic networks populated by mobile stations. Stations in MANETs are usually laptops, PDAs or mobile phones. These devices feature Bluetooth and/or IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) network interfaces and communicate in a decentralized manner. Mobility is a key feature of MANETs. Because of their high cost and their lack of flexibility of such networks, experimentation is mostly achievable through simulation. Numerous tools exist for MANETs simulation, including ns-2 and GloMoSim which are the two most popular ones. This paper provides a State of the Art of MANETs simulators and associated simulation techniques. First it gives an overview of the domain. Then it provides a map of the main characteristics that MANETs simulation tools should feature and the current support of these. Finally, a description for each simulator is provided, including an explanation of what make them appealing solutions.
A layered, heterogeneous reflectance model for acquiring and rendering human skin

We introduce a layered, heterogeneous spectral reflectance model for human skin. The model captures the inter-scattering of light among layers, each of which may have an independent set of spatially-varying absorption and scattering parameters. For greater physical accuracy and control, we introduce an infinitesimally thin absorbing layer between scattering layers. To obtain parameters for our model, we use a novel acquisition method that begins with multi-spectral photographs. By using an inverse rendering technique, along with known chromophore spectra, we optimize for the best set of parameters for each pixel of a patch. Our method finds close matches to a wide variety of inputs with low residual error.
 We apply our model to faithfully reproduce the complex variations in skin pigmentation. This is in contrast to most previous work, which assumes that skin is homogeneous or composed of homogeneous layers. We demonstrate the accuracy and flexibility of our model by creating complex skin visual effects such as veins, tattoos, rashes, and freckles, which would be difficult to author using only albedo textures at the skin's outer surface. Also, by varying the parameters to our model, we simulate effects from external forces, such as visible changes in blood flow within the skin due to external pressure.
Cheilitis glandularis: clinico-histopathological diagnostic criteria.

To present a combination of clinical and histopathological criteria for diagnosing cheilitis glandularis (CG), and to evaluate the association between CG and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).



The medical literature in English was searched from 1950 to 2010 and selected demographic data, and clinical and histopathological features of CG were retrieved and analysed.



A total of 77 cases have been published and four new cases were added to the collective data. The clinical criteria applied included the coexistence of multiple lesions and mucoid/purulent discharge, while the histopathological criteria included two or more of the following findings: sialectasia, chronic inflammation, mucous/oncocytic metaplasia and mucin in ducts. Only 47 (58.0%) cases involving patients with a mean age of 48.5 ± 20.3 years and a male-to-female ratio of 2.9:1 fulfilled the criteria. The lower lip alone was most commonly affected (70.2%). CG was associated with SCC in only three cases (3.5%) for which there was a clear aetiological factor for the malignancy.



The proposed diagnostic criteria can assist in delineating true CG from a variety of lesions with a comparable clinical/histopathological presentation. CG in association with premalignant/malignant epithelial changes of the lower lip may represent secondary, reactive changes of the salivary glands.
Neural-network-based adaptive matched filtering for QRS detection

The authors have developed an adaptive matched filtering algorithm based upon an artificial neural network (ANN) for QRS detection. They use an ANN adaptive whitening filter to model the lower frequencies of the electrocardiogram (ECG) which are inherently nonlinear and nonstationary. The residual signal which contains mostly higher frequency QRS complex energy is then passed through a linear matched filter to detect the location of the QRS complex. The authors developed an algorithm to adaptively update the matched filter template from the detected QRS complex in the ECG signal itself so that the template can be customized to an individual subject. This ANN whitening filter is very effective at removing the time-varying, nonlinear noise characteristic of ECG signals. The detection rate for a very noisy patient record in the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database is 99.5% with this approach, which compares favorably to the 97.5% obtained using a linear adaptive whitening filter and the 96.5% achieved with a bandpass filtering method.<<ETX>>
Attribute Revocable Attribute-Based Encryption with Forward Secrecy for Fine-Grained Access Control of Shared Data

Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is suitable for data access control on cloud storage systems. In ABE, to revoke users’ attributes, it is necessary to make them unable to decrypt ciphertexts. Some CP-ABE schemes for efficient attribute revocation have been proposed. However, they have not been given a formal security proof against a revoked user, that is, whether they satisfy forward secrecy has not been shown or they just do not achieve fine-grained access control of shared data. We propose an attribute revocable attribute-based encryption with the forward secrecy for fine-grained access control of shared data. The proposed scheme can use both “AND” and “OR” policy and is IND-CPA secure under the Decisional Parallel Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent assumption in the standard model. key words: cryptographic cloud storage, ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption, semantic security, attribute revocation, proxy re-encryption
Validation of Model-Based Testing in Hardware in the Loop Platform

Model-based testing (MBT) in hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform is a simulation and testing environment for embedded systems, in which test design automation provided by MBT is combined with HIL methodology. A HIL platform is a testing environment in which the embedded system under testing (SUT) assumes to be operating with real-world inputs and outputs. In this paper, we focus on presenting the novel methodologies and tools that were used to conduct the validation of the MBT in HIL platform. Another novelty of the validation approach is that it aims to provide a comprehensive and many-sided process view to validating MBT and HIL related systems including different component, integration and system level testing activities. The research is based on the constructive method of the related scientific literature and testing technologies, and the results are derived through testing and validating the implemented MBT in HIL platform. The used testing process indicated that the functionality of the constructed MBT in HIL prototype platform was validated.