nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
eHealth Technologies as an intervention to improve adherence to topical antipsoriatics: a systematic review.

Topical antipsoriatics are recommended first-line treatment of psoriasis, but rates of adherence are low. Patient support by use of electronic health (eHealth) services is suggested to improve medical adherence.



To review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing eHealth interventions designed to improve adherence to topical antipsoriatics and to review applications for smartphones (apps) incorporating the word psoriasis.



 Medline, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched using search terms for eHealth, psoriasis and topical antipsoriatics. General analysis of apps: The operating systems (OS) for smartphones, iOS, Google Play, Microsoft Store, Symbian OS and Blackberry OS were searched for apps containing the word psoriasis.



 Only one RCT was included, reporting on psoriasis patients' Internet reporting their status of psoriasis over a 12-month period. The rate of adherence was measured by Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS®). An improvement in medical adherence and reduction of severity of psoriasis were reported. General analysis of apps: A total 184 apps contained the word psoriasis.



There is a critical need for high-quality RCTs testing if the ubiquitous eHealth technologies, for example, some of the numerous apps, can improve psoriasis patients' rates of adherence to topical antipsoriatics.
Personalized online document, image and video recommendation via commodity eye-tracking

We propose a new recommendation algorithm for online documents, images and videos, which is personalized. Our idea is to rely on the attention time of individual users captured through commodity eye-tracking as the essential clue. The prediction of user interest over a certain online item (a document, image or video) is based on the user's attention time acquired using vision-based commodity eye-tracking during his previous reading, browsing or video watching sessions over the same type of online materials. After acquiring a user's attention times over a collection of online materials, our algorithm can predict the user's probable attention time over a new online item through data mining. Based on our proposed algorithm, we have developed a new online content recommender system for documents, images and videos. The recommendation results produced by our algorithm are evaluated by comparing with those manually labeled by users as well as by commercial search engines including Google (Web) Search, Google Image Search and YouTube.
Enterprise Architecture Management Patterns for Enterprise Architecture Visioning

With ever-increasing number of patterns in the literature and online repositories, it can be hard for non-experts to know about new patterns and select patterns appropriate to their needs. We argue that a systematic way for searching patterns is required and we present the Patterns 2.0 service, a composite software service for facilitating pattern search and selection. The service combines several pattern-related services with a recommendation service that allows users to share their experiences in using patterns. The contributions of the paper are: the overview of existing services related to the problem of pattern selection, the definition of Patterns 2.0 service, and description of its possible uses.
RF Harmonic Distortion of CPW Lines on HR-Si and Trap-Rich HR-Si Substrates

In this paper, the nonlinear behavior of coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines fabricated on Si and high-resistivity (HR) Si substrates is thoroughly investigated. Simulations and experimental characterization of 50- Ω CPW lines are analyzed under small- and large-signal operation at 900 MHz for a wide variety of Si substrates with nominal resistivities from 10 Ω-cm up to values higher than 10 kΩ-cm. The introduction of a trap-rich layer to recover the Si substrate nominal HR characteristics is also considered. We experimentally demonstrate that the distortion level of a CPW line lying on Si substrate decreases with the effective resistivity sensed by the coplanar structure. Si substrates of effective resistivity higher than 3 kΩ-cm present harmonic levels below -80 dBm for an output power of +15 dBm.
Adaptive image segmentation based on color and texture

Weproposeanimagesegmentationalgorithmthatis basedonspatially adapti ve color and texture features. The featuresare first developedindependently , andthencombinedto obtainanoverall segmentation.Texture featureestimationrequiresa finite neighborhoodwhich limits the spatialresolutionof texture segmentation, while color segmentationprovidesaccurateandpreciseedge localization.We combinea previously proposedadapti ve clustering algorithmfor color segmentationwith a simplebut effective texturesegmentationapproachto obtainanoverall imagesegmentation. Our focus is in the domainof photographicimageswith anessentiallyunlimitedrangeof topics.Theimagesareassumed to be of relatively low resolutionandmay be degradedor compressed.
THE USE OF LEAD CITRATE AT HIGH pH AS AN ELECTRON-OPAQUE STAIN IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Aqueous solutions of lead salts (1, 2) and saturated solutions of lead hydroxide (1) have been used as stains to enhance the electron-scattering properties of components of biological materials examined in the electron microscope. Saturated solutions of lead hydroxide (1), while staining more intensely than either lead acetate or monobasic lead acetate (l , 2), form insoluble lead carbonate upon exposure to air. The avoidance of such precipitates which contaminate surfaces of sections during staining has been the stimulus for the development of elaborate procedures for exclusion of air or carbon dioxide (3, 4). Several modifications of Watson's lead hydroxide stain (1) have recently appeared (5-7). All utilize relatively high pH (approximately 12) and one contains small amounts of tartrate (6), a relatively weak complexing agent (8), in addition to lead. These modified lead stains are less liable to contaminate the surface of the section with precipitated stain products. The stain reported here differs from previous alkaline lead stains in that the chelating agent, citrate, is in sufficient excess to sequester all lead present. Lead citrate, soluble in high concentrations in basic solutions, is a chelate compound with an apparent association constant (log Ka) between ligand and lead ion of 6.5 (9). Tissue binding sites, presumably organophosphates, and other anionic species present in biological components following fixation, dehydration, and plastic embedding apparently have a greater affinity for this cation than lead citrate inasmuch as cellular and extracellular structures in the section sequester lead from the staining solution. Alkaline lead citrate solutions are less likely to contaminate sections, as no precipitates form when droplets of fresh staining solution are exposed to air for periods of up to 30 minutes. The resultant staining of the sections is of high intensity in sections of Aralditeor Epon-embedded material. Cytoplasmic membranes, ribosomes, glycogen, and nuclear material are stained (Figs. 1 to 3).  Lead citrate is prepared by
The Building Blocks of Consensus

Consensus is an important building block for building replicated systems, and many consensus protocols have been proposed. In this paper, we investigate the building blocks of consensus protocols and use these building blocks to assemble a skeleton that can be configured to produce, among others, three well-known consensus protocols: Paxos, Chandra-Toueg, and Ben-Or. Although each of these protocols specifies only one quorum system explicitly, all also employ a second quorum system. We use the skeleton to implement a replicated service, allowing us to compare the performance of these consensus protocols under various workloads and failure scenarios.
Combining dry type Resin Impregnated Fiberglass paperless transformer bushings with built-in novel insulation monitoring function

By comparing the existing types of transformer bushings, this paper reviews distinctive features of RIF™ (Resin Impregnated Fiberglass) paperless condenser bushings; and, in more detail, it introduces principles, construction, characteristics and applications of this type of bushing when used with a new, safer and reliable built-in insulation monitoring function. As the construction of RIF™ insulation would delay the propagation of a core insulation breakdown after the onset of an initial insulation defect, this type of real time monitoring of core insulation condition provides a novel tool to manage bushing defects without any sense of urgency. It offers, for the first time, a very early field detection tool for transformer bushing insulation faults and by way of consequence, a much improved protection of power transformers over their operating life.
Robust low-complexity transfer logic for two-path echo cancellation

A well used approach for echo cancellation is the two-path method, where two adaptive filters in parallel are utilized. Typically, one filter is continuously updated, and when this filter is considered better adjusted to the echo-path than the other filter, the coefficients of the better adjusted filter is transferred to the other filter. When this transfer should occur is controlled by the transfer logic. This paper proposes transfer logic that is both more robust and more simple to tune, owing to fewer parameters, than the conventional approach. Extensive simulations show the advantages of the proposed method.
Adjustable properties of visual representations: Improving the quality of human-information interaction

Complex cognitive activities, such as analytical reasoning, problem solving, and sense making, are often performed through the mediation of interactive computational tools. Examples include visual analytics, decision support, and educational tools. Through interaction with visual representations of information at the visual interface of these tools, a joint, coordinated cognitive system is formed. This partnership results in a number of relational properties—those depending on both humans and tools—that researchers and designers must be aware of if such tools are to effectively support the performance of complex cognitive activities. This paper presents 10 properties of interactive visual representations that are essential, relational, and whose values can be adjusted through interaction. By adjusting the values of these properties, better coordination between humans and tools can be effected, leading to higher-quality performance of complex cognitive activities. This paper examines how the values of these properties affect cognitive processing and visual reasoning, and demonstrates the necessity of making their values adjustable—all of which is situated within a broader theoretical framework concerned with human-information interaction in complex cognitive activities. This framework can facilitate systematic research, design, and evaluation in numerous fields including information visualization, health informatics, visual analytics, and educational technology.
UAV position and attitude estimation using IMU, GNSS and camera

The aim of this paper is to present a method for integration of measurements provided by inertial sensors (gyroscopes and accelerometers), GPS and a video system in order to estimate position and attitude of an UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). Inertial sensors are widely used for aircraft navigation because they represent a low cost and compact solution, but their measurements suffer of several errors which cause a rapid divergence of position and attitude estimates. To avoid divergence inertial sensors are usually coupled with other systems as for example GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). In this paper it is examined the possibility to couple the inertial sensors also with a camera. A camera is generally installed on-board UAVs for surveillance purposes, it presents several advantages with respect to GNSS as for example great accuracy and higher data rate. Moreover, it can be used in urban area or, more in general, where multipath effects can forbid the application of GNSS. A camera, coupled with a video processing system, can provide attitude and position (up to a scale factor), but it has lower data rate than inertial sensors and its measurements have latencies which can prejudice the performances and the effectiveness of the flight control system. The integration of inertial sensors with a camera allows exploiting the better features of both the systems, providing better performances in position and attitude estimation.
Biogeography: An Emerging Cornerstone for Understanding Prokaryotic Diversity, Ecology, and Evolution

New questions about microbial ecology and diversity combined with significant improvement in the resolving power of molecular tools have helped the reemergence of the field of prokaryotic biogeography. Here, we show that biogeography may constitute a cornerstone approach to study diversity patterns at different taxonomic levels in the prokaryotic world. Fundamental processes leading to the formation of biogeographic patterns are examined in an evolutionary and ecological context. Based on different evolutionary scenarios, biogeographic patterns are thus posited to consist of dramatic range expansion or regression events that would be the results of evolutionary and ecological forces at play at the genotype level. The deterministic or random nature of those underlying processes is, however, questioned in light of recent surveys. Such scenarios led us to predict the existence of particular genes whose presence or polymorphism would be associated with cosmopolitan taxa. Furthermore, several conceptual and methodological pitfalls that could hamper future developments of the field are identified, and future approaches and new lines of investigation are suggested.
Particle swarm optimization for deep learning of convolution neural network

A Deep-learning architecture is a representation learning method with multiple levels of abstraction. It finds out complex structure of nonlinear processing layer in large datasets for pattern recognition. From the earliest uses of deep learning, Convolution Neural Network (CNN) can be trained by simple mathematical method based gradient descent. One of the most promising improvement of CNN is the integration of intelligent heuristic algorithms for learning optimization. In this paper, we use the seven layer CNN, named ConvNet, for handwriting digit classification. The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) is adapted to evolve the internal parameters of processing layers.
Designing Augmented Reality Games for Mobile Learning Using an Instructional-Motivational Paradigm

In this paper, several Augmented Reality(AR) games used in mobile learning have been evaluated. It is concluded that AR adds a real sense of learning to mobile games by providing models of real world settings for learners. The learning objectives must be integrated into the game rules, story and different levels. The game model must be close to the real world; each team member must have distinct roles; resources must be constrained and appropriate feedback and challenges must be used throughout the game system. By using this emerging paradigm of instruction, educators can effectively incorporate these games into their curricula.
Soundscapes and the sense of hearing of fishes.

Underwater soundscapes have probably played an important role in the adaptation of ears and auditory systems of fishes throughout evolutionary time, and for all species. These sounds probably contain important information about the environment and about most objects and events that confront the receiving fish so that appropriate behavior is possible. For example, the sounds from reefs appear to be used by at least some fishes for their orientation and migration. These sorts of environmental sounds should be considered much like "acoustic daylight," that continuously bathes all environments and contain information that all organisms can potentially use to form a sort of image of the environment. At present, however, we are generally ignorant of the nature of ambient sound fields impinging on fishes, and the adaptive value of processing these fields to resolve the multiple sources of sound. Our field has focused almost exclusively on the adaptive value of processing species-specific communication sounds, and has not considered the informational value of ambient "noise." Since all fishes can detect and process acoustic particle motion, including the directional characteristics of this motion, underwater sound fields are potentially more complex and information-rich than terrestrial acoustic environments. The capacities of one fish species (goldfish) to receive and make use of such sound source information have been demonstrated (sound source segregation and auditory scene analysis), and it is suggested that all vertebrate species have this capacity. A call is made to better understand underwater soundscapes, and the associated behaviors they determine in fishes.
Synthesis from Input-Output Examples

This demo showcases Scythe, a novel query-by-example system that can synthesize expressive SQL queries from inputoutput examples. Scythe is designed to help end-users program SQL and explore data simply using input-output examples. From a web-browser, users can obtain SQL queries with Scythe in an automated, interactive fashion: from a provided example, Scythe synthesizes SQL queries and resolves ambiguities via conversations with the users. In this demo, we first show Scythe how end users can formulate queries using Scythe; we then switch to the perspective of an algorithm designer to show how Scythe can scale up to handle complex SQL features, like outer joins and subqueries.
Management of giant liver hemangiomas: an update.

Liver hemangiomas are the most common benign liver tumors and are usually incidental findings. Liver hemangiomas are readily demonstrated by abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Giant liver hemangiomas are defined by a diameter larger than 5 cm. In patients with a giant liver hemangioma, observation is justified in the absence of symptoms. Surgical resection is indicated in patients with abdominal (mechanical) complaints or complications, or when diagnosis remains inconclusive. Enucleation is the preferred surgical method, according to existing literature and our own experience. Spontaneous or traumatic rupture of a giant hepatic hemangioma is rare, however, the mortality rate is high (36-39%). An uncommon complication of a giant hemangioma is disseminated intravascular coagulation (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome); intervention is then required. Herein, the authors provide a literature update of the current evidence concerning the management of giant hepatic hemangiomas. In addition, the authors assessed treatment strategies and outcomes in a series of patients with giant liver hemangiomas managed in our department.
Locality-aware Partitioning in Parallel Database Systems

Parallel database systems horizontally partition large amounts of structured data in order to provide parallel data processing capabilities for analytical workloads in shared-nothing clusters. One major challenge when horizontally partitioning large amounts of data is to reduce the network costs for a given workload and a database schema. A common technique to reduce the network costs in parallel database systems is to co-partition tables on their join key in order to avoid expensive remote join operations. However, existing partitioning schemes are limited in that respect since only subsets of tables in complex schemata sharing the same join key can be co-partitioned unless tables are fully replicated.
 In this paper we present a novel partitioning scheme called predicate-based reference partition (or PREF for short) that allows to co-partition sets of tables based on given join predicates. Moreover, based on PREF, we present two automatic partitioning design algorithms to maximize data-locality. One algorithm only needs the schema and data whereas the other algorithm additionally takes the workload as input. In our experiments we show that our automated design algorithms can partition database schemata of different complexity and thus help to effectively reduce the runtime of queries under a given workload when compared to existing partitioning approaches.
On the use of multi-tone for the measurement of noise power ratio distortion in RF circuits

This paper is aimed to propose a noise power ratio (NPR) measurement method with fewer tones than traditionally used. Accurate measurement of NPR distortion is achieved by averaging distortion power measured at the notch frequency excited by multi-tone signals with different random phases. Automatic measurement software is developed to perform all NPR measurement procedures. Measurement results show that the variance is below 0.4 dB after averaging 100 NPR distortions excited by 60-tone. Compared to the NPR measurement results obtained by a more-typical 10000-tone stimulus, the measurement error is 0.23 dB using only 60-tone signals with average.
Novel ciliate lipases for enzyme replacement during exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency caused by inflammation or pancreatic tumors results in nutrient malfunction by a lack of digestive enzymes and neutralization compounds. Despite satisfactory clinical results with current enzyme therapies, a normalization of fat absorption in patients is rare. An individualized therapy is required that includes high dosage of enzymatic units, usage of enteric coating, and addition of gastric proton pump inhibitors. The key goal to improve this therapy is to identify digestive enzymes with high activity and stability in the gastrointestinal tract.



We cloned and analyzed three novel ciliate lipases derived from Tetrahymena thermophila. Using highly precise pH-STAT-titration and colorimetric methods, we determined stability and lipolytic activity under physiological conditions in comparison with commercially available porcine and fungal digestive enzyme preparations. We measured from pH 2.0 to 9.0, with different bile salts concentrations, and substrates such as olive oil and fat derived from pig diet.



Ciliate lipases CL-120, CL-130, and CL-230 showed activities up to 220-fold higher than Creon, pancreatin standard, and rizolipase Nortase within a pH range from pH 2.0 to 9.0. They are highly active in the presence of bile salts and complex pig diet substrate, and more stable after incubation in human gastric juice compared with porcine pancreatic lipase and rizolipase.



The newly cloned and characterized lipases fulfilled all requirements for high activity under physiological conditions. These novel enzymes are therefore promising candidates for an improved enzyme replacement therapy for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.