nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Rendering for an interactive 360° light field display

We describe a set of rendering techniques for an autostereoscopic light field display able to present interactive 3D graphics to multiple simultaneous viewers 360 degrees around the display. The display consists of a high-speed video projector, a spinning mirror covered by a holographic diffuser, and FPGA circuitry to decode specially rendered DVI video signals. The display uses a standard programmable graphics card to render over 5,000 images per second of interactive 3D graphics, projecting 360-degree views with 1.25 degree separation up to 20 updates per second. We describe the system's projection geometry and its calibration process, and we present a multiple-center-of-projection rendering technique for creating perspective-correct images from arbitrary viewpoints around the display. Our projection technique allows correct vertical perspective and parallax to be rendered for any height and distance when these parameters are known, and we demonstrate this effect with interactive raster graphics using a tracking system to measure the viewer's height and distance. We further apply our projection technique to the display of photographed light fields with accurate horizontal and vertical parallax. We conclude with a discussion of the display's visual accommodation performance and discuss techniques for displaying color imagery.
Online Research Behaviors of Engineering Graduate Students in Taiwan

Previous studies have examined the online research behaviors of graduate students in terms of how they seek and retrieve research-related information on the Web across diverse disciplines. However, few have focused on graduate students’ searching activities, and particularly for their research tasks. Drawing on Kuiper, Volman, and Terwel’s (2008) three aspects of web literacy skills (searching, reading, and evaluating), this qualitative study aims to better understand a group of graduate engineering students’ searching, reading, and evaluating processes for research purposes. Through in-depth interviews and the think-aloud protocol, we compared the strategies employed by 22 Taiwanese graduate engineering students. The results showed that the students’ online research behaviors included seeking and obtaining, reading and interpreting, and assessing and evaluating sources. The findings suggest that specialized training for preparing novice researchers to critically evaluate relevant information or scholarly work to fulfill their research purposes is needed. Implications for enhancing the information literacy of engineering students are discussed.
How it works: a field study of non-technical users interacting with an intelligent system

In order to develop intelligent systems that attain the trust of their users, it is important to understand how users perceive such systems and develop those perceptions over time. We present an investigation into how users come to understand an intelligent system as they use it in their daily work. During a six-week field study, we interviewed eight office workers regarding the operation of a system that predicted their managers' interruptibility, comparing their mental models to the actual system model. Our results show that by the end of the study, participants were able to discount some of their initial misconceptions about what information the system used for reasoning about interruptibility. However, the overarching structures of their mental models stayed relatively stable over the course of the study. Lastly, we found that participants were able to give lay descriptions attributing simple machine learning concepts to the system despite their lack of technical knowledge. Our findings suggest an appropriate level of feedback for user interfaces of intelligent systems, provide a baseline level of complexity for user understanding, and highlight the challenges of making users aware of sensed inputs for such systems.
Review of statistical network analysis: models, algorithms, and software

The analysis of network data is an area that is rapidly growing, both within and outside of the discipline of statistics. This review provides a concise summary of methods and models used in the statistical analysis of network data, including the Erdős-Renyi model, the exponential family class of network models and recently developed latent variable models. Many of the methods and models are illustrated by application to the well-known Zachary karate dataset. Software routines available for implementing methods are emphasised throughout. The aim of this paper is to provide a review with enough detail about many common classes of network model to whet the appetite and to point the way to further reading. Corresponding Author Clique Strategic Research Cluster, School of Mathematical Sciences & Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. This material is based upon work supported by the Science Foundation Ireland under Grant No. 08/SRC/I1407: Clique: Graph & Network Analysis Cluster
(WIP) Blockhub: Blockchain-Based Software Development System for Untrusted Environments

To ensure integrity, trust, immutability and authenticity of software and information (cyber data, user data and attack event data) in a collaborative environment, research is needed for cross-domain data communication, global software collaboration, sharing, access auditing and accountability. Blockchain technology can significantly automate the software export auditing and tracking processes. It allows to track and control what data or software components are shared between entities across multiple security domains. Our blockchain-based solution relies on role-based and attribute-based access control and prevents unauthorized data accesses. It guarantees integrity of provenance data on who updated what software module and when. Furthermore, our solution detects data leakages, made behind the scene by authorized blockchain network participants, to unauthorized entities. Our approach is used for data forensics/provenance, when the identity of those entities who have accessed/ updated/ transferred the sensitive cyber data or sensitive software is determined. All the transactions in the global collaborative software development environment are recorded in the blockchain public ledger and can be verified any time in the future. Transactions can not be repudiated by invokers. We also propose modified transaction validation procedure to improve performance and to protect permissioned IBM Hyperledger-based blockchains from DoS attacks, caused by bursts of invalid transactions.
Vision and RFID data fusion for tracking people in crowds by a mobile robot

In this paper, we address the problem of realizing a human following task in a crowded environment. We consider an active perception system, consisting of a camera mounted on a pan-tilt unit and a 360◦ RFID detection system, both embedded on a mobile robot. To perform such a task, it is necessary to efficiently track humans in crowds. In a first step, we have dealt with this problem using the particle filtering framework because it enables the fusion of heterogeneous data, which improves the tracking robustness. In a second step, we have considered the problem of controlling the robot motion to make the robot follow the person of interest. To this aim, we have designed a multisensor-based control strategy based on the tracker outputs and on the RFID data. Finally, we have implemented the tracker and the control strategy on our robot. The obtained experimental results highlight the relevance of the developed perceptual functions. Possible extensions of this work are discussed at the end of the article.
Determinants of malaria infection in Dembia district, Northwest Ethiopia: a case-control study

Despite the progress in reducing malaria infections and related deaths, the disease remains a major global public health problem. The problem is among the top five leading causes of outpatient visits in Dembia district of the northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of malaria infections in the district.



An institution-based case-control study was conducted in Dembia district from October to November 2016. Out of the ten health centers in the district, four were randomly selected for the study in which 370 participants (185 cases and 185 controls) were enrolled. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Factors associated with malaria infections were determined using logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio with 95% CI was used as a measure of association, and variables with a p-value of ≤0.05 were considered as statistically significant.



The median age of all participants was 26 years, while that of cases and controls was 22 and 30 with a range of 1 to 80 and 2 to 71, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression, over 15 years of age adjusted odds ratio(AOR) and confidence interval (CI) of (AOR = 18; 95% CI: 2.1, 161.5), being male (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.9), outdoor activities at night (AOR = 5.7; 95% CI: 2.5, 12.7), bed net sharing (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 2.0, 7.7), and proximity to stagnant water sources (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.3, 5.4) were independent predictors.



Being in over 15 years of age group, male gender, night time activity, bed net sharing and proximity to stagnant water sources were determinant factors of malaria infection in Dembia district. Additional interventions and strategies which focus on men, outdoor work at night, household net utilization, and nearby stagnant water sources are essential to reduce malaria infections in the area.
Research and application of web development based on ASP.NET 2.0+Ajax

Ajax is a new concept of web application development proposed in 2005. It is the acronym of Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. Once Ajax appeared, it is rapidly applied to the fields of Web development. Ajax application is different from the traditional Web development model, using asynchronous interaction. The client unnecessarily waits while the server processes the data submitted. So the use of Ajax can create Web user interface which is direct, highly available, richer, more dynamic and closer to a local desktop application. This article introduces the main technology and superiority of Ajax firstly, and then practices Web development using ASP.NET 2.0+Ajax. In this paper, Ajax is applied to the Website pass, which enables user to have better registration experience and enhances the user's enthusiasm. The registration functions are enhanced greatly as well. The experiments show that the Ajax Web application development model is superior to the traditional Web application development model significantly.
Oral lichen planus: a literature review and update

Lichen planus (LP) is a common chronic inflammatory condition that can affect skin and mucous membranes, including the oral mucosa. Because of the anatomic, physiologic and functional peculiarities of the oral cavity, the oral variant of LP (OLP) requires specific evaluations in terms of diagnosis and management. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the current developments in the understanding of the etiopathogenesis, clinical-pathologic presentation, and treatment of OLP, and provide follow-up recommendations informed by recent data on the malignant potential of the disease as well as health economics evaluations.
What Does Interoperability Mean , Anyway ? Toward an Operational Definition of Interoperability for Language Technology

Two major projects in the U.S. and Europe have joined in a collaboration to work toward achieving interoperability among language resources. In the U.S., the project, Sustainable Interoperability for Language Technology (SILT) has been funded by the National Science Foundation under the INTEROP program, and in Europe, FLaReNet, Fostering Language Resources Network, has been funded by the European Commission under the eContentPlus framework. This international collaborative effort involves members of the language processing community and others working in related areas to build consensus regarding the sharing of data and technologies for language resources and applications, to work towards interoperability of existing data, and, where possible, to promote standards for annotation and resource building. This paper focuses on the results of a recent workshop whose goal was to arrive at operational definitions for interoperability over four thematic areas, including metadata for describing language resources, data categories and their semantics, resource publication requirements, and software sharing.
A gut-brain neural circuit for nutrient sensory transduction

The brain is thought to sense gut stimuli only via the passive release of hormones. This is because no connection has been described between the vagus and the putative gut epithelial sensor cell—the enteroendocrine cell. However, these electrically excitable cells contain several features of epithelial transducers. Using a mouse model, we found that enteroendocrine cells synapse with vagal neurons to transduce gut luminal signals in milliseconds by using glutamate as a neurotransmitter. These synaptically connected enteroendocrine cells are referred to henceforth as neuropod cells. The neuroepithelial circuit they form connects the intestinal lumen to the brainstem in one synapse, opening a physical conduit for the brain to sense gut stimuli with the temporal precision and topographical resolution of a synapse.
Scalable SPARQL querying using path partitioning

The emerging need for conducting complex analysis over big RDF datasets calls for scale-out solutions that can harness a computing cluster to process big RDF datasets. Queries over RDF data often involve complex self-joins, which would be very expensive to run if the data are not carefully partitioned across the cluster and hence distributed joins over massive amount of data are necessary. Existing RDF data partitioning methods can nicely localize simple queries but still need to resort to expensive distributed joins for more complex queries. In this paper, we propose a new data partitioning approach that takes use of the rich structural information in RDF datasets and minimizes the amount of data that have to be joined across different computing nodes. We conduct an extensive experimental study using two popular RDF benchmark data and one real RDF dataset that contain up to billions of RDF triples. The results indicate that our approach can produce a balanced and low redundant data partitioning scheme that can avoid or largely reduce the cost of distributed joins even for very complicated queries. In terms of query execution time, our approach can outperform the state-of-the-art methods by orders of magnitude.
Ultralow resistive wrap around contact to scaled FinFET devices by using ALD-Ti contact metal

We report on Atomic Layer Deposition Titanium (ALD Ti) for FinFET source/drain contact applications. On planar test structures, we accurately benchmark contact resistivity (ρc) of ALD Ti, ∼1.4×10–9 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup> on Si:P and ∼2.0×10–9 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup> on SiGe:B, among to lowest reported values in literature. Ultralow ρc is resulting from enhanced Ti/Si(Ge) reactivity originating in the ALD process. We also demonstrate capability of this process to significantly lower Rc on FinFETs by allowing a lateral contact into the S/D area effectively maximizing the contacting area.
Towards a Logical Analysis of Misleading and Trust Erosion

Misleading is, regrettably, an integral part of the commonsense world. Though lying, deception, and similar malignant variants of misleading have been thoroughly investigated in ethics and social psychology, there is a rather slim related literature within the logicist AI tradition. In this paper, we present foundations for a logical theory of general misleading, with an eye on its effect on trust erosion. In particular, we define a bare-bones notion of misleading and identify four dimensions along which we distinguish eighty one variants of misleading. Given this analysis, we suggest that a logical theory of misleading for trust erosion should include an account of belief, desire, intention, and causality. A logical language LM is sketched and used to represent the identified assortment of misleading scenarios.
Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Acute Ischemic Stroke and High-Risk TIA.

Combination antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin may reduce the rate of recurrent stroke during the first 3 months after a minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). A trial of combination antiplatelet therapy in a Chinese population has shown a reduction in the risk of recurrent stroke. We tested this combination in an international population.



In a randomized trial, we assigned patients with minor ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA to receive either clopidogrel at a loading dose of 600 mg on day 1, followed by 75 mg per day, plus aspirin (at a dose of 50 to 325 mg per day) or the same range of doses of aspirin alone. The dose of aspirin in each group was selected by the site investigator. The primary efficacy outcome in a time-to-event analysis was the risk of a composite of major ischemic events, which was defined as ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from an ischemic vascular event, at 90 days.



A total of 4881 patients were enrolled at 269 international sites. The trial was halted after 84% of the anticipated number of patients had been enrolled because the data and safety monitoring board had determined that the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin was associated with both a lower risk of major ischemic events and a higher risk of major hemorrhage than aspirin alone at 90 days. Major ischemic events occurred in 121 of 2432 patients (5.0%) receiving clopidogrel plus aspirin and in 160 of 2449 patients (6.5%) receiving aspirin plus placebo (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.95; P=0.02), with most events occurring during the first week after the initial event. Major hemorrhage occurred in 23 patients (0.9%) receiving clopidogrel plus aspirin and in 10 patients (0.4%) receiving aspirin plus placebo (hazard ratio, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.10 to 4.87; P=0.02).



In patients with minor ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA, those who received a combination of clopidogrel and aspirin had a lower risk of major ischemic events but a higher risk of major hemorrhage at 90 days than those who received aspirin alone. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; POINT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00991029 .).
Combining Data Owner-Side and Cloud-Side Access Control for Encrypted Cloud Storage

People endorse the great power of cloud computing, but cannot fully trust the cloud providers to host privacy-sensitive data, due to the absence of user-to-cloud controllability. To ensure confidentiality, data owners outsource encrypted data instead of plaintexts. To share the encrypted files with other users, ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) can be utilized to conduct fine-grained and owner-centric access control. But this does not sufficiently become secure against other attacks. Many previous schemes did not grant the cloud provider the capability to verify whether a downloader can decrypt. Therefore, these files should be available to everyone accessible to the cloud storage. A malicious attacker can download thousands of files to launch economic denial of sustainability (EDoS) attacks, which will largely consume the cloud resource. The payer of the cloud service bears the expense. Besides, the cloud provider serves both as the accountant and the payee of resource consumption fee, lacking the transparency to data owners. These concerns should be resolved in real-world public cloud storage. In this paper, we propose a solution to secure encrypted cloud storages from EDoS attacks and provide resource consumption accountability. It uses CP-ABE schemes in a black-box manner and complies with arbitrary access policy of the CP-ABE. We present two protocols for different settings, followed by performance and security analysis.
Commentary--Controversies surrounding mercury in vaccines: autism denial as impediment to universal immunisation.

In 2004, the US Center for Disease Control (CDC) published a paper showing that there is no link between the age at which a child is vaccinated with MMR and the vaccinated children's risk of a subsequent diagnosis of autism. One of the authors, William Thompson, has now revealed that statistically significant information was deliberately omitted from the paper. Thompson first told Dr S Hooker, a researcher on autism, about the manipulation of the data. Hooker analysed the raw data from the CDC study afresh. He confirmed that the risk of autism among African American children vaccinated before the age of 2 years was 340% that of those vaccinated later.
Cancer immunoediting from immune surveillance to immune escape.

Cancer immune surveillance is considered to be an important host protection process to inhibit carcinogenesis and to maintain cellular homeostasis. In the interaction of host and tumour cells, three essential phases have been proposed: elimination, equilibrium and escape, which are designated the 'three E's'. Several immune effector cells and secreted cytokines play a critical role in pursuing each process. Nascent transformed cells can initially be eliminated by an innate immune response such as by natural killer cells. During tumour progression, even though an adaptive immune response can be provoked by antigen-specific T cells, immune selection produces tumour cell variants that lose major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens and decreases amounts of tumour antigens in the equilibrium phase. Furthermore, tumour-derived soluble factors facilitate the escape from immune attack, allowing progression and metastasis. In this review, the central roles of effector cells and cytokines in tumour immunity, and the escape mechanisms of tumour cells during tumour progression are discussed.
Origin Tracking + + Text Differencing = = Textual Model Differencing

In textual modeling, models are created through an intermediate parsing step which maps textual representations to abstract model structures. Therefore, the identify of elements is not stable across different versions of the same model. Existing model differencing algorithms, therefore, cannot be applied directly because they need to identify model elements across versions. In this paper we present Textual Model Diff (TMDIFF), a technique to support model differencing for textual languages. TMDIFF requires origin tracking during text-to-model mapping to trace model elements back to the symbolic names that define them in the textual representation. Based on textual alignment of those names, TMDIFF can then determine which elements are the same across revisions, and which are added or removed. As a result, TMDIFF brings the benefits of model differencing to textual languages.