nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognitive control in media multitaskers.

Chronic media multitasking is quickly becoming ubiquitous, although processing multiple incoming streams of information is considered a challenge for human cognition. A series of experiments addressed whether there are systematic differences in information processing styles between chronically heavy and light media multitaskers. A trait media multitasking index was developed to identify groups of heavy and light media multitaskers. These two groups were then compared along established cognitive control dimensions. Results showed that heavy media multitaskers are more susceptible to interference from irrelevant environmental stimuli and from irrelevant representations in memory. This led to the surprising result that heavy media multitaskers performed worse on a test of task-switching ability, likely due to reduced ability to filter out interference from the irrelevant task set. These results demonstrate that media multitasking, a rapidly growing societal trend, is associated with a distinct approach to fundamental information processing.
A Review on Reconfigurable Integrated Filter and Antenna

In the past few years, several satisfying various objectives and designs of reconfigurable integrated microwave filter and antenna have been proposed for wireless communication systems. Several designs are new concepts and techniques, whereas others are inspired from previous works. The improvement concepts of these designs can be reviewed from this compilation of studies. This paper begins with an explanation of the reconfigurable filter, reconfigurable antenna and reconfigurable integrated microwave filter and antenna, followed by discussion on several designs in terms of size, measurement, performance and technology used. Among various designs, reconfigurable on planar structures are extensively used because of their simple design procedures and easy to tune on the desired frequency, bandwidth and attenuation. Most of the existing studies are focusing tunable on single element, i.e. either on filter or antenna side; however, it limits the tunable range and flexibility of the filtering antenna response. An alternative design of filtering antenna can be suggested to produce reconfigurable tuning capabilities on both microwave filter and antenna to produce overall good performance for multifunction operation in RF/microwave applications.
Assessment of quality of rice grain using optical and image processing technique

Rice is the most favorable and most consuming food for human being in all over the world and researchers are working to improve the quality of rice. The quality measurement of rice is also important because it is consumed as food as well as it is used for milling process in the national and international market. Many researchers have already worked on the quality of grain and proposed different techniques to characterize the quality of rice. Chalky is whiteness part in the rice grain and it is one of the most important parameter that is used to evaluate the quality of rice grain. We proposed an image processing technique using extended maxima operator to detect the chalky area in the rice. We also calculated the dimensions and color to classify rice grains. The experiment was performed on 22 sample images of rice grain to test the proposed method and was validated using visual inspection.
Reinforcement learning based local search for grouping problems: A case study on graph coloring

Grouping problems aim to partition a set of items into multiple mutually disjoint subsets according to some specific criterion and constraints. Grouping problems cover a large class of computational problems including clustering and classification that frequently appear in expert and intelligent systems as well as many real applications. This paper focuses on developing a general-purpose solution approach for grouping problems, i.e., reinforcement learning based local search (RLS), which combines reinforcement learning techniques with local search. This paper makes the following contributions: we show that (1) reinforcement learning can help obtain useful information from discovered local optimum solutions; (2) the learned information can be advantageously used to guide the search algorithm towards promising regions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to propose a formal model that combines reinforcement learning and local search for solving grouping problems. The proposed approach is verified on a well-known representative grouping problem (graph coloring). The generality of the approach makes it applicable to other grouping problems.
Estimating the Tensor of Curvature of a Surface from a Polyhedral Approximation

Estimating principal curvatures and principal directions of a surface from a polyhedral approximation with a large number of small faces, such as those produced by iso-surface construction algorithms, has become a basic step in many computer vision algorithms. Particularly in those targeted at medical applications. In this paper we describe a method to estimate the tensor of curvature of a surface at the vertices of a polyhedral approximation. Principal curvatures and principal directions are obtained by computing in closed form the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of certain 3 3 symmetric matrices defined by integral formulas, and closely related to the matrix representation of the tensor of curvature. The resulting algorithm is linear, both in time and in space, as a function of the number of vertices and faces of the polyhedral surface.
Composition of Augmented Reality and GIS To Visualize Environmental Changes

Nowadays, researchers, managers and even the general public are much more concerned about environmental changes. Changes in the landscape around us, and their effect on our lives, are among the most important indicators of cause for environmental concern. Observation and monitoring of change and attempts at the creation of more realistic simulations of the evolving environment have become key research fields. Nevertheless, current visualisation systems are still unable to create a sense of place and realism sufficiently similar to that in the real world. A very beautiful animation is not necessarily a sufficient surrogate for real world experience. Therefore, in order to use simulation to monitor people’s responses to and behaviour in real world situations we need better tools. The development of an interactive visualisation system that can use all the amenities of current systems (Geo-reference GIS, environmental process modelling and 3D modelling and rendering) in combination with a 3D immersion system that uses real world elements (Video sequences), would overcome several of the problems associated with current systems. This paper introduces a preliminary stages of a project which combines GIS based environmental process modelling with use of augmented reality (AR) technology to present environmental change in an immersive environment. The paper first reviews current visualisation systems, it then introduces the concepts and existing development of our proposed system and describes the proposed weed spread case study and some experiences in multi-channel video capture.
IoT based smart home with real time E-metering using E-controller

Technology stemming from web of things is home automation. World's main focus is to make a smart home to take advantage in providing comfort for human life. Web technology is a thing which is growing all the time. Embedded systems with Internet on Things (IoT) is becoming important and necessary part in the current IT industry and exhibiting potential market. Power consumption and efficiency with a user's comfort level is most important issue during this stage while performing various operations. Controller is suitable for power consumption in system and efficiency experiments with size factor. E-controller is represented by combining embedded technology with IoT. Real time information data monitoring of energy consumption is main objective of system. The paper introduces smart home system based on IoT with the help of Web application.
E-Satisfaction and E-Loyalty: A Contingency Framework

The authors investigate the impact of satisfaction on loyalty in the context of electronic commerce. Findings of this research indicate that although e-satisfaction has an impact on e-loyalty, this relationship is moderated by (a) consumers’ individual level factors and (b) firms’ business level factors. Among consumer level factors, convenience motivation and purchase size were found to accentuate the impact of e-satisfaction on e-loyalty, whereas inertia suppresses the impact of e-satisfaction on e-loyalty. With respect to business level factors, both trust and perceived value, as developed by the company, significantly accentuate the impact of e-satisfaction on e-loyalty. 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The collapse of large numbers of dot-com companies has required managers, who felt that the Internet had changed everything, to relearn that profits indeed do matter (Rosenbloom, 2002) and that the traditional laws of marketing were not rescinded with the arrival of the e-commerce era. Additionally, it has been reinforced that organizations not only need to attract new customers, but also must retain them to ensure profitable repeat business. In several industries, the high cost of acquiring customers renders many customer relationships unprofitable during early years. Even the individual stores of highly successful warehouse clubs like Sam’s Club, Costco, and BJ’s are typically not profitable until the second or third year after opening.
Measuring the Physical in Physical Attractiveness : Quasi-Experiments on the Sociobiology of Female Facial Beauty

Two quasi-experiments investigated the relation between specific adult female facial features and the attraction, attribution, and altruistic responses of adult males. Precise measurements were obtained of the relative size of 24 facial features in an international sample of photographs of 50 females. Male subjects provided ratings of the attractiveness of each of the females. Positively correlated with attractiveness ratings were the neonate features of large eyes, small nose, and small chin; the maturity features of prominent cheekbones and narrow cheeks; and the expressive features of high eyebrows, large pupils, and large smile. A second study asked males to rate the personal characteristics of 16 previously measured females. The males were also asked to indicate the females for whom they would be most inclined to perform altruistic behaviors, and select for dating, sexual behavior, and childrearing. The second study replicated the correlations of feature measurements with attractiveness. Facial features also predicted personality attributions, altruistic inclinations, and reproductive interest. Sociobiological interpretations are discussed.
A comparative analysis of biclustering algorithms for gene expression data

The need to analyze high-dimension biological data is driving the development of new data mining methods. Biclustering algorithms have been successfully applied to gene expression data to discover local patterns, in which a subset of genes exhibit similar expression levels over a subset of conditions. However, it is not clear which algorithms are best suited for this task. Many algorithms have been published in the past decade, most of which have been compared only to a small number of algorithms. Surveys and comparisons exist in the literature, but because of the large number and variety of biclustering algorithms, they are quickly outdated. In this article we partially address this problem of evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of existing biclustering methods. We used the BiBench package to compare 12 algorithms, many of which were recently published or have not been extensively studied. The algorithms were tested on a suite of synthetic data sets to measure their performance on data with varying conditions, such as different bicluster models, varying noise, varying numbers of biclusters and overlapping biclusters. The algorithms were also tested on eight large gene expression data sets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was performed on the resulting biclusters, and the best enrichment terms are reported. Our analyses show that the biclustering method and its parameters should be selected based on the desired model, whether that model allows overlapping biclusters, and its robustness to noise. In addition, we observe that the biclustering algorithms capable of finding more than one model are more successful at capturing biologically relevant clusters.
Differences in Perceived Parenting Style Between Mothers and Fathers : Implications for Child Outcomes and Marital Conflict

The current study focused on relations between maternal and paternal perceived parenting style, marital conflict, and child behavior outcomes. Child participants (N = 152) ranged in age from 3 to 9 years old. Reports from both parents on perceived parenting style, marital conflict, and child behavior problems were collected. Results indicated that (a) parenting styles of mothers and fathers were related, (b) mothers’ and fathers’ authoritarianism and permissiveness were associated with increased child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, (c) marital conflict was significantly related to child behavior problems, (d) when mother and father reported parenting styles differed, increased marital conflict was reported, (e) increased differences between mothers and fathers in selfand spouse-perceived permissiveness were related to increased child externalizing behavior problems, and (f) the direction of the differences between parents (i.e. whether a particular parent reported being more permissive than the other) was linked with marital conflict and child behavior problems. Namely, marital and child outcomes were poorer when mothers saw themselves as more authoritative than fathers and when fathers were more authoritarian than mothers, and outcomes were better when fathers saw themselves as more permissive than mothers and when mothers were more authoritarian than fathers. Implications for marital and family therapy are discussed.
Adaptive Computation Offloading from Mobile Devices into the Cloud

The inherently limited processing power and battery lifetime of mobile phones hinder the possible execution of computationally intensive applications like content-based video analysis or 3D modeling. Offloading of computationally intensive application parts from the mobile platform into a remote cloud infrastructure or nearby idle computers addresses this problem. This paper presents our Mobile Augmentation Cloud Services (MACS) middleware which enables adaptive extension of Android application execution from a mobile client into the cloud. Applications are developed by using the standard Android development pattern. The middleware does the heavy lifting of adaptive application partitioning, resource monitoring and computation offloading. These elastic mobile applications can run as usual mobile application, but they can also reach transparently remote computing resources. Two prototype applications using the MACS middleware demonstrate the benefits of the approach. The evaluation shows that applications, which involve complicated algorithms and large computations, can benefit from offloading with around 95% energy savings and significant performance gains compared to local execution only.
An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System

Anonymity in Bit coin, a peer-to-peer electronic currency system, is a complicated issue. Within the system, users are identified by public-keys only. An attacker wishing to de-anonymize its users will attempt to construct the one to-many mapping between users and public-keys and associate information external to the system with the users. Bitcoinfrustrates this attack by storing the mapping of a user to his or her public-keys on that user's node only and by allowing each user to generate as many public-keys as required. In this paper we consider the topological structure of two networks derived from Bitcoin's public transaction history. We show that the two networks have a non-trivial topological structure, provide complementary views of the Bit coin system and have implications for anonymity. We combine these structures with external information and techniques such as context discovery and flow analysis to investigate an alleged theft of Bit coins, which, at the time of the theft, had a market value of approximately half a million U.S. dollars.
Innateness, AlphaZero, and Artificial Intelligence

The concept of innateness is rarely discussed in the context of artificial intelligence. When it is discussed, or hinted at, it is often the context of trying to reduce the amount of innate machinery in a given system. In this paper, I consider as a test case a recent series of papers by Silver et al (Silver et al., 2017a) on AlphaGo and its successors that have been presented as an argument that a “even in the most challenging of domains: it is possible to train to superhuman level, without human examples or guidance”, “starting tabula rasa.” I argue that these claims are overstated, for multiple reasons. I close by arguing that artificial intelligence needs greater attention to innateness, and I point to some proposals about what that innateness might look like.   ! Departments of Psychology and Neural Science, New York University, gary.marcus at nyu.edu. This manuscript is 1 based on a pair of lectures given at NIPS 2017, a brief conversation there with Demis Hassabis, and a debate that I had with Yann LeCun at NYU on October 5, 2017. I thank those audiences for discussion, and Dave Barner, Annie Duke, Ernie Davis, Pedro Domingos, Ken Forbus, Danny Kahneman, Stefano Pacifico, Ajay Patel, Elizabeth Spelke and Brad Wyble for comments.
The metabolic syndrome is frequent in Klinefelter's syndrome and is associated with abdominal obesity and hypogonadism.

Klinefelter's syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes, but the pathogenesis is unknown. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate measures of insulin sensitivity, the metabolic syndrome, and sex hormones in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome and an age-matched control group.  In a cross-sectional study, we examined 71 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, of whom 35 received testosterone treatment, and 71 control subjects. Body composition was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for sex hormones, plasma glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and adipocytokines. We analyzed differences between patients with untreated Klinefelter's syndrome and control subjects and subsequently analyzed differences between testosterone-treated and untreated Klinefelter's syndrome patients.



Of the patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, 44% had metabolic syndrome (according to National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) compared with 10% of control subjects. Insulin sensitivity (assessed by homeostasis model assessment 2 modeling), androgen, and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly decreased, whereas total fat mass and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, CRP, leptin, and fructosamine levels were significantly increased in untreated Klinefelter's syndrome patients. In treated Klinefelter's syndrome patients, LDL cholesterol and adiponectin were significantly decreased, whereas no difference in body composition was found in comparison with untreated Klinefelter's syndrome patients. Multivariate analyses showed that truncal fat was the major determinant of metabolic syndrome and insulin sensitivity.



The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was greatly increased, whereas insulin sensitivity was decreased in Klinefelter's syndrome. Both correlated with truncal obesity. Hypogonadism in Klinefelter's syndrome may cause an unfavorable change in body composition, primarily through increased truncal fat and decreased muscle mass. Testosterone treatment in Klinefelter's syndrome only partly corrected the unfavorable changes observed in untreated Klinefelter's syndrome, perhaps due to insufficient testosterone doses.
Reputation systems

Systems T he Internet offers vast new opportunities to interact with total strangers. These interactions can be fun, informative, even profitable. But they also involve risk. Is the advice of a self-proclaimed expert at expertcentral.com reliable? Will an unknown dotcom site or eBay seller ship items promptly with appropriate packaging? Will the product be the same one described online? Prior to the Internet, such questions were answered, in part, through personal and corporate reputations. Vendors provided references, Better Business Bureaus tallied complaints, and past personal experience and person-to-person gossip told you on whom you could rely and on whom you could not. Participants’ standing in their communities, including their roles in church and civic organizations, served as a valuable hostage. Internet services operate on a vastly larger scale
Issues in Linking Information Technology Capability to Firm Performance

The resource-based view has been proposed to investigate the impact of information technology (IT) investments on firm performance. Researchers have shown that a firm's ability to effectively leverage its IT investments by deveioping a strong IT capability can result in improved V.Sambamurthy was the accepting senior editor for this paper. firm performance. We test the robustness of this approach and examine severai related issues. Our results indicate that firms with superior IT capability indeed exhibit superior current and sustained firm performance when compared to average industry performance, even after adjusting for effects of prior firm performance. However, the differences in the results from various analyses suggest that the impact of "haio effects" and prior financial performance of firms must be taken into consideration in future tests of IT capability. Further, it is criticai to develop theoretically derived multidimensional measures of IT capability in order to continue to apply theRBV approach to assess the impact of IT investments on firm performance.
Radio access for ultra-reliable and low-latency 5G communications

Fifth generation wireless networks are currently being developed to handle a wide range of new use cases. One important emerging area is ultra-reliable communication with guaranteed low latencies well beyond what current wireless technologies can provide. In this paper, we explore the viability of using wireless communication for low-latency, high-reliability communication in an example scenario of factory automation, and outline important design choices for such a system. We show that it is possible to achieve very low error rates and latencies over a radio channel, also when considering fast fading signal and interference, channel estimation errors, and antenna correlation. The most important tool to ensure high reliability is diversity, and low latency is achieved by using short transmission intervals without retransmissions, which, however, introduces a natural restriction on coverage area.