nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotyping of Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment

Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative facultative bacterium belongs to Micrococcaceae family. It is a unique uropathogen associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially cystitis in young women. Young women are very susceptible to colonize this organism in the urinary tracts and it is spread through sexual intercourse. S. saprophyticus is the second most common pathogen after Escherichia coli causing 10-20% of all UTIs in sexually active young women [13]. It contains the urease enzymes that hydrolyze the urea to produce ammonia. The urease activity is the main factor for UTIs infection. Apart from urease activity it has numerous transporter systems to adjust against change in pH, osmolarity, and concentration of urea in human urine . After severe infections, it causes various complications such as native valve endocarditis [4], pyelonephritis, septicemia, , and nephrolithiasis . About 150 million people are diagnosed with UTIs each year worldwide [7]. Several virulence factors includes due to the adherence to urothelial cells by release of lipoteichoic acid is a surface-associated adhesion amphiphile [8], a hemagglutinin that binds to fibronectin and hemagglutinates sheep erythrocytes [9], a hemolysin; and production of extracellular slime are responsible for resistance properties of S. saprophyticus . Based on literature, S. saprophyticus strains are susceptible to vancomycin, rifampin, gentamicin and amoxicillin-clavulanic, while resistance to other antimicrobials such as erythromycin, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, oxacillin, and Abstract
Progression From Perianal High-Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Anal Cancer in HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men.

High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is known to progress to invasive squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus. There are limited reports on the rate of progression from high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to anal cancer in HIV-positive men who have sex with men.



The purpose of this study was to describe in HIV-positive men who have sex with men with perianal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia the rate of progression to anal cancer and the factors associated with that progression.



This was a prospective cohort study.



The study was conducted at an outpatient clinic at a tertiary care center in Toronto.



Thirty-eight patients with perianal high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia were identified among 550 HIV-positive men who have sex with men.



All of the patients had high-resolution anoscopy for symptoms, screening, or surveillance with follow-up monitoring/treatment.



We measured the incidence of anal cancer per 100 person-years of follow-up.



Seven (of 38) patients (18.4%) with perianal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia developed anal cancer. The rate of progression was 6.9 (95% CI, 2.8-14.2) cases of anal cancer per 100 person-years of follow-up. A diagnosis of AIDS, previously treated anal cancer, and loss of integrity of the lesion were associated with progression. Anal bleeding was more than twice as common in patients who progressed to anal cancer.



There was the potential for selection bias and patients were offered treatment, which may have affected incidence estimates.



HIV-positive men who have sex with men should be monitored for perianal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Those with high-risk features for the development of anal cancer may need more aggressive therapy.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Structure, Preparation and Application.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have attracted special interest during last few decades. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are two major types of Lipid-based nanoparticles. SLNs were developed to overcome the limitations of other colloidal carriers, such as emulsions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles because they have advantages like good release profile and targeted drug delivery with excellent physical stability. In the next generation of the lipid nanoparticle, NLCs are modified SLNs which improve the stability and capacity loading. Three structural models of NLCs have been proposed. These LNPs have potential applications in drug delivery field, research, cosmetics, clinical medicine, etc. This article focuses on features, structure and innovation of LNPs and presents a wide discussion about preparation methods, advantages, disadvantages and applications of LNPs by focusing on SLNs and NLCs.
Where Is This Tweet From? Inferring Home Locations of Twitter Users

We present a new algorithm for inferring the home locations of Twitter users at different granularities, such as city, state, or time zone, using the content of their tweets and their tweeting behavior. Unlike existing approaches, our algo rithm uses an ensemble of statistical and heuristic classifiers to predict locations. We find that a hierarchical classifica tion approach can improve prediction accuracy. Experi mental evidence suggests that our algorithm works well in practice and outperforms the best existing algorithms for predicting the location of Twitter users.
A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework for Offshore Wind Farm Layouts and Electric Infrastructures

Current offshore wind farms (OWFs) design processes are based on a sequential approach which does not guarantee system optimality because it oversimplifies the problem by discarding important interdependencies between design aspects. This article presents a framework to integrate, automate and optimize the design of OWF layouts and the respective electrical infrastructures. The proposed framework optimizes simultaneously different goals (e.g., annual energy delivered and investment cost) which leads to efficient trade-offs during the design phase, e.g., reduction of wake losses vs collection system length. Furthermore, the proposed framework is independent of economic assumptions, meaning that no a priori values such as the interest rate or energy price, are needed. The proposed framework was applied to the Dutch Borssele areas I and II. A wide range of OWF layouts were obtained through the optimization framework. OWFs with similar energy production and investment cost as layouts designed with standard sequential strategies were obtained through the framework, meaning that the proposed framework has the capability to create different OWF layouts that would have been missed by the designers. In conclusion, the proposed multi-objective optimization framework represents a mind shift in design tools for OWFs which allows cost savings in the design and operation phases.
Characterization of two sets of subpolar flagella in Bradyrhizobium japonicum.

Bradyrhizobium japonicum is one of the soil bacteria that form nodules on soybean roots. The cell has two sets of flagellar systems, one thick flagellum and a few thin flagella, uniquely growing at subpolar positions. The thick flagellum appears to be semicoiled in morphology, and the thin flagella were in a tight-curly form as observed by dark-field microscopy. Flagellin genes were identified from the amino acid sequence of each flagellin. Flagellar genes for the thick flagellum are scattered into several clusters on the genome, while those genes for the thin flagellum are compactly organized in one cluster. Both types of flagella are powered by proton-driven motors. The swimming propulsion is supplied mainly by the thick flagellum. B. japonicum flagellar systems resemble the polar-lateral flagellar systems of Vibrio species but differ in several aspects.
Script identification in natural scene image and video frames using an attention based Convolutional-LSTM network

Script identification plays a significant role in analysing documents and videos. In this paper, we focus on the problem of script identification in scene text images and video scripts. Because of low image quality, complex background and similar layout of characters shared by some scripts like Greek, Latin, etc., text recognition in those cases become challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel method that involves extraction of local and global features using CNN-LSTM framework and weighting them dynamically for script identification. First, we convert the images into patches and feed them into a CNN-LSTM framework. Attention-based patch weights are calculated applying softmax layer after LSTM. Next, we do patch-wise multiplication of these weights with corresponding CNN to yield local features. Global features are also extracted from last cell state of LSTM. We employ a fusion technique which dynamically weights the local and global features for an individual patch. Experiments have been done in four public script identification datasets: SIW-13, CVSI2015, ICDAR-17 and MLe2e. The proposed framework achieves superior results in comparison to conventional methods. Script Identification, Convolutional Neural Network, Long Short-Term Memory, Local feature, Global feature, Attention Network, Dynamic Weighting.
Mobile, dexterous, social robots for mobile manipulation and human-robot interaction

The purpose of this platform is to support research and education goals in human-robot interaction and mobile manipulation with applications that require the integration of these abilities. In particular, our research aims to develop personal robots that work with people as capable teammates to assist in eldercare, healthcare, domestic chores, and other physical tasks that require robots to serve as competent members of human-robot teams. The robot’s small, agile design is particularly well suited to human-robot interaction and coordination in human living spaces. Our collaborators include the Laboratory for Perceptual Robotics at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Xitome Design, Meka Robotics, and digitROBOTICS.
Transcatheter Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) constitutes 6 to 11% of all congenital heart defects. While surgical ligation and video-assisted, thoracoscopic interruption of PDA are still available, transcatheter occlusion of PDAs has recently assumed a major role in closure of PDA. A large number of devices have been designed and tested both in animal models and human subjects, but only few devices (free and detachable Gianturco coils, GGVOD and Amplatzer duct occluder) are approved by the FDA for general clinical use. A few other devices are in clinical trials and are available only at institutions participating in clinical trials within or outside the US. At the present time, Gianturco coils for closure of very small and small PDAs and Amplatzer duct occluder for occlusion of small, moderate and large PDAs appear to be feasible, safe and effective in the majority of patients. Corresponding author: P. Syamasundar Rao, MD, Professor of Pediatrics & Medicine, Emeritus Chief of Pediatric Cardiology, UT-Houston Medical School, 6410 Fannin Street, UTPB Suite # 425, Houston, TX 77030, Tel: 713-500-5738; ;  P.Syamasundar.Rao@uth.tmc.edu Received June 15, 2012;  2012;   Yarrabolu TR, Syamasundar Rao P (2012) Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Pediat Therapeut S5:005. doi:10.4172/2161-0665.S5005
A Self-Assembled Cofacial Cobalt Porphyrin Prism for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis.

Herein we report the first study of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyzed by a cofacial porphyrin scaffold accessed in high yield (overall 53%) using coordination-driven self-assembly with no chromatographic purification steps. The ORR activity was investigated using chemical and electrochemical techniques on monomeric cobalt(II) tetra(meso-4-pyridyl)porphyrinate (CoTPyP) and its cofacial analogue [Ru8(η6-iPrC6H4Me)8(dhbq)4(CoTPyP)2][OTf]8 (Co Prism) (dhbq = 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinato, OTf = triflate) as homogeneous oxygen reduction catalysts. Co Prism is obtained in one self-assembly step that organizes six total building blocks, two CoTPyP units and four arene-Ru clips, into a cofacial motif previously demonstrated with free-base, Zn(II), and Ni(II) porphyrins. Turnover frequencies (TOFs) from chemical reduction (66 vs 6 h-1) and rate constants of overall homogeneous catalysis (kobs) determined from rotating ring-disk experiments (1.1 vs 0.05 h-1) establish a cofacial enhancement upon comparison of the activities of Co Prism and CoTPyP, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry was used to initially probe the electrochemical catalytic behavior. Rotating ring-disk electrode studies were completed to probe the Faradaic efficiency and obtain an estimate of the rate constant associated with the ORR.
Moving from Waterfall to Agile

In a crisis ridden business environment, customers have become very averse to surprises. Business windows have become smaller; there is a heightened need for shorter development cycles and higher visibility. All this is translating into more and more customers specifically asking for agile. Service organizations such as Wipro Technologies need to adopt lean and agile methodologies to support the transition. As agile coaches, the biggest challenge we face is in transitioning the mindset of the team from that of a waterfall model to an agile thought pattern. Our experience in converting a waterfall team to agile is shared in this report.
Not All Browsers Are Created Equal: Comparing Web Browser Fingerprintability

Browsers and their users can be tracked even in the absence of a persistent IP address or cookie. Unique and hence identifying pieces of information, making up what is known as a fingerprint, can be collected from browsers by a visited website, e.g. using JavaScript. However, browsers vary in precisely what information they make available, and hence their fingerprintability may also vary. In this paper, we report on the results of experiments examining the fingerprintable attributes made available by a range of modern browsers. We tested the most widely used browsers for both desktop and mobile platforms. The results reveal significant differences between browsers in terms of their fingerprinting potential, meaning that the choice of browser has significant privacy implications.
A wideband circularly polarized stacked slotted microstrip patch antenna

A wideband, single-feed, circularly polarized, stacked, square, slotted microstrip patch antenna is proposed for radio-frequency-identification-reader applications. The proposed antenna consists of an upper square asymmetric slotted patch, stacked over a lower square asymmetric slotted radiating patch and a microstrip stub, along with a coaxial feed. The wideband circularly polarized radiation of the antenna is achieved using a microstrip stub in the lower patch and a stacked slotted square patch. The proposed antenna is designed using a combination of low-cost FR4 substrate and foam. The measured 10 dB return-loss bandwidth of the antenna was around 21% (833 MHz to 1033 MHz), and the 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth of the antenna was around 13.4% (835 MHz to 955 MHz). The gain was around 7.0 dBic over the 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth. The overall antenna volume was 0.601λ0 × 0.601λ0 × 0.895λ0 (where λ0 is the free-space wavelength at 900 MHz).
From Question to Text: Question-Oriented Feature Attention for Answer Selection

Understanding unstructured texts is an essential skill for human beings as it enables knowledge acquisition. Although understanding unstructured texts is easy for we human beings with good education, it is a great challenge for machines. Recently, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence techniques, researchers put efforts to teach machines to understand texts and justify the educated machines by letting them solve the questions upon the given unstructured texts, inspired by the reading comprehension test as we humans do. However, feature effectiveness with respect to different questions significantly hinders the performance of answer selection, because different questions may focus on various aspects of the given text and answer candidates. To solve this problem, we propose a question-oriented feature attention (QFA) mechanism, which learns to weight different engineering features according to the given question, so that important features with respect to the specific question is emphasized accordingly. Experiments on MCTest dataset have well-validated the effectiveness of the proposed method. Additionally, the proposed QFA is applicable to various IR tasks, such as question answering and answer selection. We have verified the applicability on a crawled community-based question-answering dataset.
Automatic Seizure Detection Based on Time-Frequency Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks

The recording of seizures is of primary interest in the evaluation of epileptic patients. Seizure is the phenomenon of rhythmicity discharge from either a local area or the whole brain and the individual behavior usually lasts from seconds to minutes. Since seizures, in general, occur infrequently and unpredictably, automatic detection of seizures during long-term electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings is highly recommended. As EEG signals are nonstationary, the conventional methods of frequency analysis are not successful for diagnostic purposes. This paper presents a method of analysis of EEG signals, which is based on time-frequency analysis. Initially, selected segments of the EEG signals are analyzed using time-frequency methods and several features are extracted for each segment, representing the energy distribution in the time-frequency plane. Then, those features are used as an input in an artificial neural network (ANN), which provides the final classification of the EEG segments concerning the existence of seizures or not. We used a publicly available dataset in order to evaluate our method and the evaluation results are very promising indicating overall accuracy from 97.72% to 100%.
Collision Detection for Interactive Graphics Applications

Solid objects in the real world do not pass through each other when they collide. Enforcing this property of \solidness" is important in many interactive graphics applications; for example, solidness makes virtual reality more believable, and solidness is essential for the correctness of vehicle simulators. These applications use a collision-detection algorithm to enforce the solidness of objects. Unfortunately, previous collision-detection algorithms do not adequately address the needs of interactive applications. To work in these applications, a collision-detection algorithm must run at real-time rates, even when many objects can collide, and it must tolerate objects whose motion is speci ed \on the y" by a user. This dissertation describes a new collision-detection algorithm that meets these criteria through approximation and graceful degradation, elements of time-critical computing. The algorithm is not only fast but also interruptible, allowing an application to trade accuracy for speed as needed. The algorithm uses two forms of approximate geometry. The rst is a four-dimensional structure called a space-time bound. This structure provides a conservative estimate of where an object may be in the immediate future based on estimates of the object's acceleration. The algorithm uses space-time bounds to focus its attention on objects that are likely to collide. The second form of approximate geometry is a sphere-tree. This structure contains a hierarchy of unions of spheres, each union approximating the three-dimensional surface of an object at a di erent level of detail. Sphere-trees allow the algorithm to quickly nd approximate contacts between objects, and they allow the application to interrupt the algorithm in order to meet real-time performance goals. Automatically building sphere-trees is an interesting problem in itself, and this dissertation describes several approaches. The simplest approach is based on octrees, and more sophisticated approaches use simulated annealing and approximate medial-axis surfaces. Several of the steps in these algorithms are themselves signi cant. One step is a simple algorithm for checking whether a union of two-dimensional shapes covers a polygon. Another step builds Voronoi diagrams for three-dimensional data points, and does so more robustly and accurately than previous algorithms. An implementation of the collision-detection algorithm runs signi cantly faster than a previous algorithm in empirical tests. In particular, this implementation allows real-time performance in a sample application (a simple ight simulator) that is too slow with the previous algorithm; in some cases, the performance improves by more than two orders of magnitude. Experience with this sample application suggests that time-critical computing is not always simple to apply, but it provides enough bene ts that it deserves further exploration in other contexts.
The Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS): development and validation.

There is a need for a patient-relevant instrument to evaluate outcome after treatment in patients with a total Achilles tendon rupture.



To develop and validate a new patient-reported instrument for measuring outcome after treatment for total Achilles tendon rupture.



Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 1.



Development of this instrument consisted of item generation and test construction, item reduction, validation, evaluation of structure and internal consistency, test-retest, and test for responsiveness. The final version, the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), was tested for validity, structure, and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) on 82 patients and 52 healthy persons. A correlation analysis was performed of the ATRS with the 2 validated foot/ankle/Achilles tendon scores, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and the Swedish version of the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles questionnaire (VISA-A-S). Structure was evaluated with factor analysis. Test-retest reliability was evaluated on 43 patients. The ATRS responsiveness was tested on 43 patients by calculating the effect size.



The total score for the patients ranged from 17 to 100 with a mean (median) of 77 (85) and a standard deviation (interquartile range) of 21.4 (23). A significantly (P < .0001) higher total score was found for the healthy subjects, ranging from 94 to 100 with a mean (median) of 99.8 (100) and a standard deviation (interquartile range) of 1.1 (0). The ATRS correlated significantly (P < .01) with all subscales of the FAOS (r = 0.60-0.84) and the VISA-A-S (r = 0.78). The factor analysis gave 1 factor of importance. The internal consistency was 0.96 as measured with Cronbach's alpha. The test-retest produced an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.98. The tests for responsiveness showed an effect size between 0.87 and 2.21.



The ATRS is a patient-reported instrument with high reliability, validity, and sensitivity for measuring outcome after treatment in patients with a total Achilles tendon rupture.



The ATRS is a self-administered instrument with high clinical utility, and we suggest the score for measuring the outcome, related to symptoms and physical activity, after treatment in patients with a total Achilles tendon rupture.
On the Implicit Bias of Dropout

Algorithmic approaches endow deep learning systems with implicit bias that helps them generalize even in over-parametrized settings. In this paper, we focus on understanding such a bias induced in learning through dropout, a popular technique to avoid overfitting in deep learning. For single hidden-layer linear neural networks, we show that dropout tends to make the norm of incoming/outgoing weight vectors of all the hidden nodes equal. In addition, we provide a complete characterization of the optimization landscape induced by dropout.