nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Ontology-Based Approach for Retrieving Information from Disparate Sectors in Government: The Patent System as an Exemplar

The ability to access patents and relevant patent-related information pertaining to a patented technology can fundamentally transform the patent system and its functioning and patent institutions such as the USPTO and the federal courts. This paper describes an ontology-based computational framework that can resolve some of difficult issues in retrieving patents and patent related information for the legal and justice system.
Robustness of control point configurations for homography and planar pose estimation

In this paper, we investigate the influence of the spatial configuration of a number of n ≥ 4 control points on the accuracy and robustness of space resection methods, e.g. used by a fiducial marker for pose estimation. We find robust configurations of control points by minimizing the first order perturbed solution of the DLT algorithm which is equivalent to minimizing the condition number of the data matrix. An empirical statistical evaluation is presented verifying that these optimized control point configurations not only increase the performance of the DLT homography estimation but also improve the performance of planar pose estimation methods like IPPE and EPnP, including the iterative minimization of the reprojection error which is the most accurate algorithm. We provide the characteristics of stable control point configurations for real world noisy camera data that are practically independent on the camera pose and form certain symmetric patterns dependent on the number of points. Finally, we present a comparison of optimized configuration versus number of control points.
Barriers to Drug Distribution into the Perinatal and Postnatal Brain

Drug bioavailability to the developing brain is a major concern in the treatment of neonates and infants as well as pregnant and breast-feeding women. Central adverse drug reactions can have dramatic consequences for brain development, leading to major neurological impairment. Factors setting the cerebral bioavailability of drugs include protein-unbound drug concentration in plasma, local cerebral blood flow, permeability across blood-brain interfaces, binding to neural cells, volume of cerebral fluid compartments, and cerebrospinal fluid secretion rate. Most of these factors change during development, which will affect cerebral drug concentrations. Regarding the impact of blood-brain interfaces, the blood-brain barrier located at the cerebral endothelium and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier located at the choroid plexus epithelium both display a tight phenotype early on in embryos. However, the developmental regulation of some multispecific efflux transporters that also limit the entry of numerous drugs into the brain through barrier cells is expected to favor drug penetration in the neonatal brain. Finally, drug cerebral bioavailability is likely to be affected following perinatal injuries that alter blood-brain interface properties. A thorough investigation of these mechanisms is mandatory for a better risk assessment of drug treatments in pregnant or breast-feeding women, and in neonate and pediatric patients.
Past, Present, and Future of Emergency Dispatch Research: A Systematic Literature Review

Emergency dispatch is a relatively new field, but the growth of dispatching as a profession, along with raised expectations for help before responders arrive, has led to increased production of and interest in emergency dispatch research. As yet, no systematic review of dispatch research has been conducted.  This study reviewed the existing literature and indicated gaps in the research as well as potentially fruitful extensions of current lines of study.  Dispatch-related terms were used to search for papers in research databases (including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, SciSearch, PsychInfo, and SCOPUS). All research papers with dispatching as the core focus were included.  A total 149 papers (114 original research, and 35 seminal concept papers) were identified. A vast majority dealt with medical dispatching (as opposed to police or fire dispatching). Four major issues emerged from the early history of emergency dispatch that continue to dominate dispatch studies: dispatch as first point of care, standardization of the dispatching process, resource allocation, and best practices for dispatching.  Substantial peer-reviewed research does exist in dispatch studies. However, a lack of consistent metrics, the near-nonexistence of research in fire and police dispatching, and a relative lack of studies in many areas of interest indicate a need for increased participation in research by communication center administrators and others “on the ground” in emergency dispatch, as well as increased collaboration between research organizations and operations personnel.
Consumers’ Attitudes towards Mobile Banking in Bangladesh

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the consumer acceptance of mobile banking in Bangladesh. The demographic, attitudinal, and behavioural characteristics of mobile bank users were examined. 292 respondents from seven major mobile financial service users of different mobile network operators participated in the consumer survey. Infrastructural facility, selfcontrol, social influence, perceived risk, ease of use, need for interaction, perceived usefulness, and customer service were found to influence consumer attitudes towards mobile banking services. The infrastructural facility of updated user friendly technology and its availability was found to be the most important factor that motivated consumers’ attitudes in Bangladesh towards mobile banking. The sample size was not necessarily representative of the Bangladeshi population as a whole as it ignored large rural population. This study identified two additional factors i.e. infrastructural facility and customer service relevant to mobile banking that were absent in previous researches. By addressing the concerns of and benefits sought by the consumers, marketers can create positive attractions and policy makers can set regulations for the expansion of mobile banking services in Bangladesh. This study offers an insight into mobile banking in Bangladesh focusing influencing factors, which has not previously been investigated.
Effective User Relevance Feedback for Image Retrieval with Image Signatures

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has attracted much attention due to the exponential growth of digital image collections that have become available in recent years. Relevance feedback (RF) in the context of search engines is a query expansion technique, which is based on relevance judgments about the top results that are initially returned for a given query. RF can be obtained directly from end users, inferred indirectly from user interactions with a result list, or even assumed (aka pseudo relevance feedback). RF information is used to generate a new query, aiming to re-focus the query towards more relevant results.
 This paper presents a methodology for use of signature based image retrieval with a user in the loop to improve retrieval performance. The significance of this study is twofold. First, it shows how to effectively use explicit RF with signature based image retrieval to improve retrieval quality and efficiency. Second, this approach provides a mechanism for end users to refine their image queries. This is an important contribution because, to date, there is no effective way to reformulate an image query; our approach provides a solution to this problem.
 Empirical experiments have been carried out to study the behaviour and optimal parameter settings of this approach. Empirical evaluations based on standard benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving the performance of CBIR in terms of recall, precision, speed and scalability.
Issues in Designing a Bitcoin-like Community Currency

The invention of the Bitcoin protocol has opened the door to new forms of financial interaction. One such form may be to adapt Bitcoin technology for use as a community currency. A community currency is a form of money issued by a non-government entity to serve the economic or social interests of a group of people, often in a small geographic area. We propose a model of a community cryptocurrency that includes a community fund from which community members may take out loans if the community votes to approve them. We consider possible vulnerabilities and mitigations to issues that would affect this community fund, including issues of identity, voting protocols and funds management. We conclude that these vulnerabilities are, in most cases, amenable to technological mitigations that must be adaptable to both community values and changing conditions, emphasizing the need for careful currency design.
Churchill: an ultra-fast, deterministic, highly scalable and balanced parallelization strategy for the discovery of human genetic variation in clinical and population-scale genomics

While advances in genome sequencing technology make population-scale genomics a possibility, current approaches for analysis of these data rely upon parallelization strategies that have limited scalability, complex implementation and lack reproducibility. Churchill, a balanced regional parallelization strategy, overcomes these challenges, fully automating the multiple steps required to go from raw sequencing reads to variant discovery. Through implementation of novel deterministic parallelization techniques, Churchill allows computationally efficient analysis of a high-depth whole genome sample in less than two hours. The method is highly scalable, enabling full analysis of the 1000 Genomes raw sequence dataset in a week using cloud resources.
Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Traditions : epistemological , theoretical , and methodological differences

Educational researchers in every discipline need to be cognisant of alternative research traditions to make decisions about which method to use when embarking on a research study. There are two major approaches to research that can be used in the study of the social and the individual world. These are quantitative and qualitative research. Although there are books on research methods that discuss the differences between alternative approaches, it is rare to find an article that examines the design issues at the intersection of the quantitative and qualitative divide based on eminent research literature. The purpose of this article is to explain the major differences between the two research paradigms by comparing them in terms of their epistemological, theoretical, and methodological underpinnings. Since quantitative research has well-established strategies and methods but qualitative research is still growing and becoming more differentiated in methodological approaches, greater consideration will be given to the latter.
OVERCONFIDENCE IN CURRENCY MARKETS

This paper tests the influential hypothesis, typically attributed to Friedman (1953), that irrational traders will be driven out of financial markets by trading losses. The paper‟s main finding is that overconfident currency dealers are not driven out of the market. Traders with extensive experience are neither more nor less overconfident than their inexperienced colleagues. We first provide evidence that currency dealers are indeed overconfident, which is notable since they get daily trading practice and face intense financial incentives to accuracy.
Electromagnetic Performance of Novel Synchronous Machines With Permanent Magnets in Stator Yoke

Novel synchronous machines with doubly salient structure and permanent magnets (PMs) in stator yoke have been developed in this paper. The stator is constituted by T-shaped lamination segments sandwiched with circumferentially magnetized PMs with alternate polarity, while the rotor is identical to that of switched reluctance machines (SRMs). The stator pole number is multiples of six, which is the number of stator poles in a unit machine. Similar to variable flux reluctance machines (VFRMs), the rotor pole numbers in the novel machines are not restricted to those in SRMs. When the stator and rotor pole numbers differ by one (or the number of multiples), the novel synchronous machines show sinusoidal bipolar phase flux linkage and back electromotive force (EMF), which make the machines suitable for brushless ac operation. Moreover, two prototype machines with six-pole stator and five-pole, seven-pole rotors are designed and optimized by 2-D finite element analysis. It shows that, compared with VFRMs, the novel machines can produce ~70 % higher torque density with the same copper loss and machine size. Meanwhile, the proposed machines have negligible reluctance torque due to very low saliency ratio. Experimental results of back EFM, cogging torque, and average torque on the prototypes are provided to validate the analysis.
Environmental fate of pharmaceuticals in water/sediment systems.

In recent years there has been growing interest on the occurrence and the fate of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Nevertheless, few data are available covering the fate of the pharmaceuticals in the water/sediment compartment. In this study, the environmental fate of 10 selected pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites was investigated in water/sediment systems including both the analysis of water and sediment. The experiments covered the application of four 14C-labeled pharmaceuticals (diazepam, ibuprofen, iopromide, and paracetamol) for which radio-TLC analysis was used as well as six nonlabeled compounds (carbamazepine, clofibric acid, 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxycarbamazepine, 2-hydroxyibuprofen, ivermectin, and oxazepam), which were analyzed via LC-tandem MS. Ibuprofen, 2-hydroxyibuprofen, and paracetamol displayed a low persistence with DT50 values in the water/sediment system < or =20 d. The sediment played a key role in the elimination of paracetamol due to the rapid and extensive formation of bound residues. A moderate persistence was found for ivermectin and oxazepam with DT50 values of 15 and 54 d, respectively. Lopromide, for which no corresponding DT50 values could be calculated, also exhibited a moderate persistence and was transformed into at least four transformation products. For diazepam, carbamazepine, 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxycarbamazepine, and clofibric acid, system DT90 values of >365 d were found, which exhibit their high persistence in the water/sediment system. An elevated level of sorption onto the sediment was observed for ivermectin, diazepam, oxazepam, and carbamazepine.  Koc values calculated from the experimental data ranged from 1172 L x kg(-1) for ivermectin down to 83 L x kg(-1) for carbamazepine.
Effect of oral cinnamon intervention on metabolic profile and body composition of Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome: a randomized double -blind control trial

Nutritional modulation remains central to the management of metabolic syndrome. Intervention with cinnamon in individuals with metabolic syndrome remains sparsely researched. We investigated the effect of oral cinnamon consumption on body composition and metabolic parameters of Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome. In this 16-week double blind randomized control trial, 116 individuals with metabolic syndrome were randomized to two dietary intervention groups, cinnamon [6 capsules (3 g) daily] or wheat flour [6 capsules (2.5 g) daily]. Body composition, blood pressure and metabolic parameters were assessed. Significantly greater decrease [difference between means, (95% CI)] in fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) [0.3 (0.2, 0.5) p = 0.001], glycosylated haemoglobin (mmol/mol) [2.6 (0.4, 4.9) p = 0.023], waist circumference (cm) [4.8 (1.9, 7.7) p = 0.002] and body mass index (kg/m2 ) [1.3 (0.9, 1.5) p = 0.001] was observed in the cinnamon group compared to placebo group. Other parameters which showed significantly greater improvement were: waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Prevalence of defined metabolic syndrome was significantly reduced in the intervention group (34.5%) vs. the placebo group (5.2%). A single supplement intervention with 3 g cinnamon for 16 weeks resulted in significant improvements in all components of metabolic syndrome in a sample of Asian Indians in north India. The clinical trial was retrospectively registered (after the recruitment of the participants) in ClinicalTrial.gov under the identification number: NCT02455778 on 25th May 2015.
Coping strategies in mothers and fathers of preschool and school-age children with autism.

Despite the theoretical and demonstrated empirical significance of parental coping strategies for the wellbeing of families of children with disabilities, relatively little research has focused explicitly on coping in mothers and fathers of children with autism. In the present study, 89 parents of preschool children and 46 parents of school-age children completed a measure of the strategies they used to cope with the stresses of raising their child with autism. Factor analysis revealed four reliable coping dimensions: active avoidance coping, problem-focused coping, positive coping, and religious/denial coping. Further data analysis suggested gender differences on the first two of these dimensions but no reliable evidence that parental coping varied with the age of the child with autism. Associations were also found between coping strategies and parental stress and mental health. Practical implications are considered including reducing reliance on avoidance coping and increasing the use of positive coping strategies.
Real Time Detection and Recognition of Indian Traffic Signs using Matlab

Traffic Sign recognition system is a part of driving assistance system that automatically alerts and informs the driver of the traffic signs ahead. In this paper an efficient real time sign detection system is proposed for Indian traffic signs. Car cameras that capture video are integrated with an in-vehicle computing device. Image frames may be blurred and corrupted by Gaussian noise due to motion of vehicle and atmospheric turbulence. Hence Image enhancement is done using median filter and nonlinear Lucy-Richardson for de-convolution. Colour segmentation using YCbCr colour space along with shape filtering through template matching of colour detected candidates are used to detect sign from images as colour and shape easily distinguishes a sign from its background. The classification module determines the type of detected road signs using Multi-layer Perceptron neural networks.
Designing and Implementation of Stable Sinusoidal Rough-Neural Identifier

A rough neuron is defined as a pair of conventional neurons that are called the upper and lower bound neurons. In this paper, the sinusoidal rough-neural networks (SR-NNs) are used to identify the discrete dynamic nonlinear systems (DDNSs) with or without noise in series–parallel configuration. In the identification of periodic nonlinear systems, sinusoidal activation functions provide more efficient neural networks than the sigmoidal activation functions. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, an online learning algorithm is developed to train the SR-NNs. The asymptotically convergence of the identification error to zero and the boundedness of parameters as well as predictions are proved. SR-NNs are used to identify some DDNSs and the cement rotary kiln (CRK). CRK is a complex nonlinear system in the cement factory, which produces the cement clinker. The experiments show that the SR-NNs in the identification of nonlinear systems have better performances than multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), sinusoidal neural networks, and rough MLPs, particularly in the presence of noise.
Automatic real-time detection of endoscopic procedures using temporal features

Endoscopy is used for inspection of the inner surface of organs such as the colon. During endoscopic inspection of the colon or colonoscopy, a tiny video camera generates a video signal, which is displayed on a monitor for interpretation in real-time by physicians. In practice, these images are not typically captured, which may be attributed by lack of fully automated tools for capturing, analysis of important contents, and quick and easy retrieval of these contents. This paper presents the description and evaluation results of our novel software that uses new metrics based on image color and motion over time to automatically record all images of an individual endoscopic procedure into a single digitized video file. The software automatically discards out-patient video frames between different endoscopic procedures. We validated our software system on 2464 h of live video (over 265 million frames) from endoscopy units where colonoscopy and upper endoscopy were performed. Our previous classification method achieved a frame-based sensitivity of 100.00%, but only a specificity of 89.22%. Our new method achieved a frame-based sensitivity and specificity of 99.90% and 99.97%, a significant improvement. Our system is robust for day-to-day use in medical practice.
Infrastructure-free indoor pedestrian tracking based on foot mounted UWB/IMU sensor fusion

Accurate indoor human localization without requiring any pre-installed infrastructure is essential for many applications, such as search and rescue in fire disaster areas or human social interaction. Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a very promising technology for accurate indoor positioning with pre-installed receivers. An infrastructure-free methodology, called Pedestrian Dead-Reckoning (PDR), which uses an inertial measurement unit (IMU), can also be used for position estimation. In this approach, the drift errors of IMU in each step length estimation are compensated based on zero-velocity update (ZUPT), zero angular rate update (ZARU) and heuristic heading drift reduction (HDR) algorithms. An accurate step detection can be achieved by relying on the data provided by accelerometers and gyroscopes. In order to further improve the accuracy, a novel approach, which combines IMU PDR and UWB ranging measurements by Extended Kalman filter (EKF) without any pre-installed infrastructure, is proposed. All the components in this approach, the IMU, the mobile station (MS) and the receiver of the UWB are mounted on the feet. The biases in the IMU measurements, which cause inaccurate step length estimation, can be compensated by range measurements provided by UWB. The performance of the normal PDR with EKF is evaluated as comparison to the proposed approach. The real test results show that the proposed approach with EKF is the most effective way to reduce the error.
Measuring and Comparing Effectiveness of Data Quality Techniques

Poor quality data may be detected and corrected by performing various quality assurance activities that rely on techniques with different efficacy and cost. In this paper, we propose a quantitative approach for measuring and comparing the effectiveness of these data quality (DQ) techniques. Our definitions of effectiveness are inspired by measures proposed in Information Retrieval. We show how the effectiveness of a DQ technique can be mathematically estimated in general cases, using formal techniques that are based on probabilistic assumptions. We then show how the resulting effectiveness formulas can be used to evaluate, compare and make choices involving DQ techniques.