nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Classify Email into "Speech Acts"

It is often useful to classify email according to the intent of the sender (e.g., "propose a meeting", "deliver information"). We present experimental results in learning to classify email in this fashion, where each class corresponds to a verbnoun pair taken from a predefined ontology describing typical “email speech acts”. We demonstrate that, although this categorization problem is quite different from “topical” text classification, certain categories of messages can nonetheless be detected with high precision (above 80%) and reasonable recall (above 50%) using existing text-classification learning methods. This result suggests that useful task-tracking tools could be constructed based on automatic classification into this taxonomy.
REGMAPR - Text Matching Made Easy

We propose a simple model for textual matching problems. Starting from a Siamese architecture, we augment word embeddings with two features based on exact and paraphrase match between words in the two sentences being considered. We train the model using four types of regularization on datasets for textual entailment, paraphrase detection and semantic relatedness. Our model performs comparably or better than more complex architectures; achieving state-of-the-art results for paraphrase detection on the SICK dataset and for textual entailment on the SNLI dataset.
CACTI-P: Architecture-level modeling for SRAM-based structures with advanced leakage reduction techniques

This paper introduces CACTI-P, the first architecture-level integrated power, area, and timing modeling framework for SRAM-based structures with advanced leakage power reduction techniques. CACTI-P supports modeling of major leakage power reduction approaches including power-gating, long channel devices, and Hi-k metal gate devices. Because it accounts for implementation overheads, CACTI-P enables in-depth study of architecture-level tradeoffs for advanced leakage power management schemes. We illustrate the potential applicability of CACTI-P in the design and analysis of leakage power reduction techniques of future manycore processors by applying nanosecond scale power-gating to different levels of cache for a 64 core multithreaded architecture at the 22nm technology. Combining results from CACTI-P and a performance simulator, we find that although nanosecond scale power-gating is a powerful way to minimize leakage power for all levels of caches, its severe impacts on processor performance and energy when being used for L1 data caches make nanosecond scale power-gating a better fit for caches closer to main memory.
WoLMIS: a labor market intelligence system for classifying web job vacancies

In the last decades, an increasing number of employers and job seekers have been relying on Web resources to get in touch and to find a job. If appropriately retrieved and analyzed, the huge number of job vacancies available today on on-line job portals can provide detailed and valuable information about the Web Labor Market dynamics and trends. In particular, this information can be useful to all actors, public and private, who play a role in the European Labor Market. This paper presents WoLMIS, a system aimed at collecting and automatically classifying multilingual Web job vacancies with respect to a standard taxonomy of occupations. The proposed system has been developed for the Cedefop European agency, which supports the development of European Vocational Education and Training (VET) policies and contributes to their implementation. In particular, WoLMIS allows analysts and Labor Market specialists to make sense of Labor Market dynamics and trends of several countries in Europe, by overcoming linguistic boundaries across national borders. A detailed experimental evaluation analysis is also provided for a set of about 2 million job vacancies, collected from a set of UK and Irish Web job sites from June to September 2015.
Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Interventions for Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review.

We reviewed the efficacy of occupational therapy-related interventions for adults with rheumatoid arthritis.



We examined 51 Level I studies (19 physical activity, 32 psychoeducational) published 2000-2014 and identified from five databases. Interventions that focused solely on the upper or lower extremities were not included.



Findings related to key outcomes (activities of daily living, ability, pain, fatigue, depression, self-efficacy, disease symptoms) are presented. Strong evidence supports the use of aerobic exercise, resistive exercise, and aquatic therapy. Mixed to limited evidence supports dynamic exercise, Tai Chi, and yoga. Among the psychoeducation interventions, strong evidence supports the use of patient education, self-management, cognitive-behavioral approaches, multidisciplinary approaches, and joint protection, and limited or mixed evidence supports the use of assistive technology and emotional disclosure.



The evidence supports interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice for rheumatoid arthritis, but few interventions were occupation based.
Production of Torrefied Solid Bio-Fuel from Pulp Industry Waste

The pulp industry in Taiwan discharges tons of wood waste and pulp sludge (i.e., wastewater-derived secondary sludge) per year. The mixture of these two bio-wastes, denoted as wood waste with pulp sludge (WPS), has been commonly converted to organic fertilizers for agriculture application or to soil conditioners. However, due to energy demand, the WPS can be utilized in a beneficial way to mitigate an energy shortage. This study elucidated the performance of applying torrefaction, a bio-waste to energy method, to transform the WPS into solid bio-fuel. Two batches of the tested WPS (i.e., WPS1 and WPS2) were generated from a virgin pulp factory in eastern Taiwan. The WPS1 and WPS2 samples contained a large amount of organics and had high heating values (HHV) on a dry-basis (HHD) of 18.30 and 15.72 MJ/kg, respectively, exhibiting a potential for their use as a solid bio-fuel. However, the wet WPS as received bears high water and volatile matter content and required de-watering, drying, and upgrading. After a 20 min torrefaction time (tT), the HHD of torrefied WPS1 (WPST1) can be enhanced to 27.49 MJ/kg at a torrefaction temperature (TT) of 573 K, while that of torrefied WPS2 (WPST2) increased to 19.74 MJ/kg at a TT of 593 K. The corresponding values of the energy densification ratio of torrefied solid bio-fuels of WPST1 and WPST2 can respectively rise to 1.50 and 1.25 times that of the raw bio-waste. The HHD of WPST1 of 27.49 MJ/kg is within the range of 24–35 MJ/kg for bituminous coal. In addition, the wet-basis HHV of WPST1 with an equilibrium moisture content of 5.91 wt % is 25.87 MJ/kg, which satisfies the Quality D coal specification of the Taiwan Power Co., requiring a value of above 20.92 MJ/kg.
Automatic classification of infant cry: A review

This paper reviews the some of significant works on infant cry signal analysis proposed in the past two decades and reviews the recent progress in this field. The cry of baby cannot be predicted accurately where it is very hard to identify for what it cries for. Experienced parents and specialists in the area of child care such as pediatrician and pediatric nurse can distinguish different sort of cries by just making use their individual perception on auditory sense. This is totally subjective evaluation and not suitable for clinical use. Non-invasive method has been widely used in infant cry signal analysis and has shown very promising results. Various feature extraction and classification algorithms used in infant cry analysis are briefly described. This review gives an insight on the current state of the art works in infant cry signal analysis and concludes with thoughts about the future directions for better representation and interpretation of infant cry signals.
Multi-platform user interface construction: a challenge for software engineering-in-the-small

The popular view of software engineering focuses on managing teams of people to produce large systems. This paper addresses a different angle of software engineering, that of development for re-use and portability. We consider how an essential part of most software products - the user interface - can be successfully engineered so that it can be portable across multiple platforms and on multiple devices. Our research has identified the structure of the problem domain, and we have filled in some of the answers. We investigate promising solutions from the model-driven frameworks of the 1990s, to modern XML-based specification notations (Views, XUL, XIML, XAML), multi-platform toolkits (Qt and Gtk), and our new work, Mirrors which pioneers reflective libraries. The methodology on which Views and Mirrors is based enables existing GUI libraries to be transported to new operating systems. The paper also identifies cross-cutting challenges related to education, standardization and the impact of mobile and tangible devices on the future design of UIs. This paper seeks to position user interface construction as an important challenge in software engineering, worthy of ongoing research.
Ecological models based on people ’ s knowledge : a multi-step fuzzy cognitive mapping approach

Many types of ecological or environmental problems would benefit from models based on people’s knowledge. To create ecological models with both expert and local people’s knowledge, a multi-step fuzzy cognitive mapping approach is proposed. A cognitive map can be made of almost any system or problem. Cognitive maps are qualitative models of a system, consisting of variables and the causal relationships between those variables. We describe how our cognitive mapping research has been used in real environmental management applications. This research includes examining the perceptions of different stakeholders in an environmental conflict, obtaining the perceptions of different stakeholders to facilitate the development of participatory environmental management plans, and determining the wants and desires for resettlement of people displaced by a large scale dam project. Based on our research, which involved six separate studies, we have found that interviewees complete their cognitive maps in 40–90 min on average. These maps contain an average of 23 ± 2 S.D. variables with 37± 3 S.D. connections. People generally put more forcing functions into their maps than utility variables. Fuzzy cognitive mapping offers many advantages for ecological modeling including the ability to include abstract and aggregate variables in models, the ability to model relationships which are not known with certainty, the ability to model complex relationships which are full of feedback loops, and the ease and speed of obtaining and combining different knowledge sources and of running different policy options.
The ShangRing device for simplified adult circumcision

Adult male circumcision reduces HIV transmission through vaginal intercourse and is being promoted in areas where HIV is widespread. Conventional surgical circumcision involves suturing and thus requires practitioners with surgical skills. It is also associated with complications, including bleeding and infection, especially in resource-poor settings. The ShangRing (Wuhu Snnda Medical Treatment Appliance Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhu City, China) has been used to perform thousands of circumcisions in adult men, principally in China. It consists of two concentric plastic rings that sandwich the foreskin of the penis, allowing circumcision without stitches or notable bleeding. As well as substantially reduced operative times, ShangRing adult male circumcision is associated with a low complication rate, and the technique can easily be taught to both physician and nonphysician personnel. The simple technique and successful outcomes associated with the ShangRing procedure mean that the device could enable standardization of adult male circumcision, helping HIV prevention efforts throughout the developing world.
Proposal: trauma as the cause of the Peyronie's lesion.

We define the cause of the occurrence of Peyronie's disease.



Clinical evaluation of a large number of patients with Peyronie's disease, while taking into account the pathological and biochemical findings of the penis in patients who have been treated by surgery, has led to an understanding of the relationship of the anatomical structure of the penis to its rigidity during erection, and how the effect of the stress imposed upon those structures during intercourse is modified by the loss of compliance resulting from aging of the collagen composing those structures. Peyronie's disease occurs most frequently in middle-aged men, less frequently in older men and infrequently in younger men who have more elastic tissues. During erection, when full tumescence has occurred and the elastic tissues of the penis have reached the limit of their compliance, the strands of the septum give vertical rigidity to the penis. Bending the erect penis out of column stresses the attachment of the septal strands to the tunica albuginea.



Plaques of Peyronie's disease are found where the strands of the septum are attached in the dorsal or ventral aspect of the penis. The pathological scar in the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa in Peyronie's disease is characterized by excessive collagen accumulation, fibrin deposition and disordered elastic fibers in the plaque.



We suggest that Peyronie's disease results from repetitive microvascular injury, with fibrin deposition and trapping in the tissue space that is not adequately cleared during the normal remodeling and repair of the tear in the tunica. Fibroblast activation and proliferation, enhanced vessel permeability and generation of chemotactic factors for leukocytes are stimulated by fibrin deposited in the normal process of wound healing. However, in Peyronie's disease the lesion fails to resolve either due to an inability to clear the original stimulus or due to further deposition of fibrin subsequent to repeated trauma. Collagen is also trapped and pathological fibrosis ensues.
An Efficient Technique for Parallel CRC Generation

Cyclic Redundancy Check is playing a vital role in the networking environment to detect the errors. With challenging speed of transmitting data and to synchronize with speed, it’s necessary to increase speed of CRC generation. This paper presents 64 bits parallel CRC architecture based on F-matrix with order of generator polynomial is 32. Implemented design is hardware efficient and requires 50% less cycles to generate CRC with same order of generator polynomial. CRC32 bit is used in Ethernet frame for error detection. The whole design is functionally developed and verified using Xilinx ISE 12.3i Simulator.
A Parallel Graph Coloring Heuristic

The problem of computing good graph colorings arises in many diverse applications , such as in the estimation of sparse Jacobians and in the development of eecient, parallel iterative methods for solving sparse linear systems. In this paper we present an asynchronous graph coloring heuristic well suited to distributed memory parallel computers. We present experimental results obtained on an Intel iPSC/860 which demonstrate that, for graphs arising from nite element applications , the heuristic exhibits scalable performance and generates colorings usually within three or four colors of the best-known linear time sequential heuristics. For bounded degree graphs, we show that the expected running time of the heuristic under the PRAM computation model is bounded by EO(log(n)= log log(n)). This bound is an improvement over the previously known best upper bound for the expected running time of a random heuristic for the graph coloring problem.
Matrix Profile II: Exploiting a Novel Algorithm and GPUs to Break the One Hundred Million Barrier for Time Series Motifs and Joins

Time series motifs have been in the literature for about fifteen years, but have only recently begun to receive significant attention in the research community. This is perhaps due to the growing realization that they implicitly offer solutions to a host of time series problems, including rule discovery, anomaly detection, density estimation, semantic segmentation, etc. Recent work has improved the scalability to the point where exact motifs can be computed on datasets with up to a million data points in tenable time. However, in some domains, for example seismology, there is an insatiable need to address even larger datasets. In this work we show that a combination of a novel algorithm and a high-performance GPU allows us to significantly improve the scalability of motif discovery. We demonstrate the scalability of our ideas by finding the full set of exact motifs on a dataset with one hundred million subsequences, by far the largest dataset ever mined for time series motifs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our algorithm can produce actionable insights in seismology and other domains.
A Malicious Attack on the Machine Learning Policy of a Robotic System

The field of robotics has matured using artificial intelligence and machine learning such that intelligent robots are being developed in the form of autonomous vehicles. The anticipated widespread use of intelligent robots and their potential to do harm has raised interest in their security. This research evaluates a cyberattack on the machine learning policy of an autonomous vehicle by designing and attacking a robotic vehicle operating in a dynamic environment. The primary contribution of this research is an initial assessment of effective manipulation through an indirect attack on a robotic vehicle using the Q learning algorithm for real-time routing control. Secondly, the research highlights the effectiveness of this attack along with relevant artifact issues.
A review of the design methods of complex topology structures for 3 D printing

As a matter of fact, most natural structures are complex topology structures with intricate holes or irregular surface morphology. These structures can be used as lightweight infill, porous scaffold, energy absorber or micro-reactor. With the rapid advancement of 3D printing, the complex topology structures can now be efficiently and accurately fabricated by stacking layered materials. The novel manufacturing technology and application background put forward new demands and challenges to the current design methodologies of complex topology structures. In this paper, a brief review on the development of recent complex topology structure design methods was provided; meanwhile, the limitations of existing methods and future work are also discussed in the end.
Clear-cut methodology for Arabic OCR and post-correction with low technical skilled annotators

This paper describes an efficient and straightforward methodology for OCR-ing and post-correcting Arabic text material on Islamic embryology collected for the COBHUNI project. As the target texts of the project include diverse diachronic stages of the Arabic language, the team of annotators for performing the OCR post-correction requires well-trained experts on language skills. While technical skills are also desirable, highly trained language experts typically lack enough technical knowledge. Furthermore, a relatively small portion of the target texts needed to be OCR-ed, as most of the material was already on some digital form. Thus, the OCR task could only require a small amount of resources in terms of time and work complexity. Both the low technical skills of the annotators and the resource constraints made it necessary for us to find an easy-to-develop and suitable workflow for performing the OCR and post-correction tasks. For the OCR phase, we chose Tesseract Open Source OCR Engine, because it achieves state-of-the-art levels of accuracy. For the post-correction phase, we decided to use the Proofread Page extension of the MediaWiki software, as it strikes a perfect balance between usability and efficiency. The post-correction task was additionally supported by the implementation of an error checker based on simple heuristics. The application of this methodology resulted in the successful and fast OCR-ing and post-correction of a corpus of 36,132 tokens.
The arterial supply of the nipple areola complex (NAC) and its relations: an analysis of angiographic CT imaging for breast pedicle design

To investigate the blood supply to the nipple areola complex (NAC) on thoracic CT angiograms (CTA) to improve breast pedicle design in reduction mammoplasty. In a single centre, CT scans of the thorax were retrospectively reviewed for suitability by a cardiothoracic radiologist. Suitable scans had one or both breasts visible in extended fields, with contrast enhancement of breast vasculature in a female patient. The arterial sources, intercostal space perforated, glandular/subcutaneous course, vessel entry point, and the presence of periareolar anastomoses were recorded for the NAC of each breast. From 69 patients, 132 breasts were suitable for inclusion. The most reproducible arterial contribution to the NAC was perforating branches arising from the internal thoracic artery (ITA) (n = 108, 81.8%), followed by the long thoracic artery (LTA) (n = 31, 23.5%) and anterior intercostal arteries (AI) (n = 21, 15.9%). Blood supply was superficial versus deep in (n = 86, 79.6%) of ITA sources, (n = 28, 90.3%) of LTA sources, and 10 (47.6%) of AI sources. The most vascularly reliable breast pedicle would be asymmetrical in 7.9% as a conservative estimate. We suggest that breast CT angiography can provide valuable information about NAC blood supply to aid customised pedicle design, especially in high-risk, large-volume breast reductions where the risk of vascular-dependent complications is the greatest and asymmetrical dominant vasculature may be present. Superficial ITA perforator supplies are predominant in a majority of women, followed by LTA- and AIA-based sources, respectively.
Myiasis associated with penile carcinoma: a new trend in developing countries?

The aim of this study is to report an unusual form of penile cancer presentation associated with myiasis infestation, treatment options and outcomes.



We studied 10 patients with suspected malignant neoplasm of the penis associated with genital myiasis infestation. Diagnostic assessment was conducted through clinical history, physical examination, penile biopsy, larvae identification and computerized tomography scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Clinical and pathological staging was done according to 2002 TNM classification system. Radical inguinal lymphadenectomy was conducted according to the primary penile tumor pathology and clinical lymph nodes status.



Patients age ranged from 41 to 77 years (mean=62.4). All patients presented squamous cell carcinoma of the penis in association with myiasis infestation caused by Psychoda albipennis. Tumor size ranged from 4cm to 12cm (mean=5.3). Circumcision was conducted in 1 (10%) patient, while penile partial penectomy was performed in 5 (50%). Total penectomy was conducted in 2 (20%) patients, while emasculation was the treatment option for 2 (20%). All patients underwent radical inguinal lymphadenectomy. Prophylactic lymphadenectomy was performed on 3 (30%) patients, therapeutic on 5 (50%), and palliative lymphadenectomy on 2 (20%) patients. Time elapsed from primary tumor treatment to radical inguinal lymphadenectomy was 2 to 6 weeks. The mean follow-up was 34.3 months.



The occurrence of myiasis in the genitalia is more common in patients with precarious hygienic practices and low socio-economic level. The treatment option varied according to the primary tumor presentation and clinical lymph node status.