nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
3-D Statistical Channel Model for Millimeter-Wave Outdoor Communications

This paper presents a 3-dimensional millimeterwave statistical channel impulse response model from 28 GHz and 73 GHz ultrawideband propagation measurements ,  . An accurate 3GPP-like channel model that supports arbitrary carrier frequency, RF bandwidth, and antenna beamwidth (for both omnidirectional and arbitrary directional antennas), is provided. Time cluster and spatial lobe model parameters are extracted from empirical distributions from field measurements. A step-by-step modeling procedure for generati ng channel coefficients is shown to agree with statistics from t he field measurements, thus confirming that the statistical cha nnel model faithfully recreates spatial and temporal channel impulse responses for use in millimeter-wave 5G air interface desig ns.
Duckweed rising at Chengdu: summary of the 1st International Conference on Duckweed Application and Research

Duckweeds, plants of the Lemnaceae family, have the distinction of being the smallest angiosperms in the world with the fastest doubling time. Together with its naturally ability to thrive on abundant anthropogenic wastewater, these plants hold tremendous potential to helping solve critical water, climate and fuel issues facing our planet this century. With the conviction that rapid deployment and optimization of the duckweed platform for biomass production will depend on close integration between basic and applied research of these aquatic plants, the first International Conference on Duckweed Research and Applications (ICDRA) was organized and took place in Chengdu, China, from October 7th to 10th of 2011. Co-organized with Rutgers University of New Jersey (USA), this Conference attracted participants from Germany, Denmark, Japan, Australia, in addition to those from the US and China. The following are concise summaries of the various oral presentations and final discussions over the 2.5 day conference that serve to highlight current research interests and applied research that are paving the way for the imminent deployment of this novel aquatic crop. We believe the sharing of this information with the broad Plant Biology community is an important step toward the renaissance of this excellent plant model that will have important impact on our quest for sustainable development of the world.
Photonic Beamformer Receiver With Multiple Beam Capabilities

A multiple-beam photonic beamforming receiver is proposed and demonstrated. The architecture is based on a large port-count demultiplexer and fast tunable lasers to achieve a passive design, with independent beam steering for multiple beam operation. A single true time delay module with four independent beams is experimentally demonstrated, showing extremely smooth RF response in the -band, fast switching capabilities, and negligible crosstalk.
Lifecycle Management in the Smart City Context: Smart Parking Use-Case

Lifecycle management enables enterprises to manage their products, services and product-service bundles. IoT and CPS have made products and services smarter by closing the loop of data across different phases of lifecycle. Similarly, CPS and IoT empower cities with real-time data streams from heterogeneous objects. Yet, cities are smarter and more powerful when relevant data can be exchanged between different systems across different domains. From engineering perspective, smart city can be seen as a System of Systems composed of interrelated/ interdependent smart systems and objects. To better integrate people, processes, and systems in the smart city ecosystem, this paper discusses the use of Lifecycle Management in the smart city context. Considering the differences between ordinary and smart service systems, this paper seeks better understanding of lifecycle aspects in the smart city context. For better understanding, some of the discussed lifecycle aspects are demonstrated in a smart parking use-case.
No recurrence in otoplasty: is that possible?

Otoplasty or correction of prominent ears, is one of most commonly performed surgeries in plastic surgery both in children and adults. Until nowadays, there have been more than 150 techniques described, but all with certain percentage of recurrence which varies from just a few up to 24.4%.



The authors present an otoplasty technique, a combination of Mustardé's original procedure with other techniques, which they have been using successfully in their everyday surgical practice for the last 9 years. The technique is based on posterior antihelical and conchal approach.



The study included 102 patients (60 males and 42 females) operated on between 1999 and 2008. The age varied between 6 and 49 years. Each procedure was tailored to the aberrant anatomy which was analysed after examination. Indications and the operative procedure are described in step-by-step detail accompanied by drawings and photos taken during the surgery.



All patients had bilateral ear deformity. In all cases was performed a posterior antihelical approach. The conchal reduction was done only when necessary and also through the same incision. The follow-up was from 1 to 5 years. There were no recurrent cases. A few minor complications were presented. Postoperative care, complications and advantages compared to other techniques are discussed extensively.



All patients showed a high satisfaction rate with the final result and there was no necessity for further surgeries. The technique described in this paper is easy to reproduce even for young surgeons.
High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) for the initial respiratory management of acute viral bronchiolitis in young infants: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (TRAMONTANE study)

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is currently the gold standard for respiratory support for moderate to severe acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB). Although oxygen delivery via high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is increasingly used, evidence of its efficacy and safety is lacking in infants. A randomized controlled trial was performed in five pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) to compare 7 cmH2O nCPAP with 2 L/kg/min oxygen therapy administered with HFNC in infants up to 6 months old with moderate to severe AVB. The primary endpoint was the percentage of failure within 24 h of randomization using prespecified criteria. To satisfy noninferiority, the failure rate of HFNC had to lie within 15% of the failure rate of nCPAP. Secondary outcomes included success rate after crossover, intubation rate, length of stay, and serious adverse events. From November 2014 to March 2015, 142 infants were included and equally distributed into groups. The risk difference of −19% (95% CI −35 to −3%) did not allow the conclusion of HFNC noninferiority (p = 0.707). Superiority analysis suggested a relative risk of success 1.63 (95% CI 1.02–2.63) higher with nCPAP. The success rate with the alternative respiratory support, intubation rate, durations of noninvasive and invasive ventilation, skin lesions, and length of PICU stay were comparable between groups. No patient had air leak syndrome or died. In young infants with moderate to severe AVB, initial management with HFNC did not have a failure rate similar to that of nCPAP. This clinical trial was recorded in the National Library of Medicine registry (NCT 02457013).
Beyond eye gaze: What else can eyetracking reveal about cognition and cognitive development?

This review provides an introduction to two eyetracking measures that can be used to study cognitive development and plasticity: pupil dilation and spontaneous blink rate. We begin by outlining the rich history of gaze analysis, which can reveal the current focus of attention as well as cognitive strategies. We then turn to the two lesser-utilized ocular measures. Pupil dilation is modulated by the brain's locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system, which controls physiological arousal and attention, and has been used as a measure of subjective task difficulty, mental effort, and neural gain. Spontaneous eyeblink rate correlates with levels of dopamine in the central nervous system, and can reveal processes underlying learning and goal-directed behavior. Taken together, gaze, pupil dilation, and blink rate are three non-invasive and complementary measures of cognition with high temporal resolution and well-understood neural foundations. Here we review the neural foundations of pupil dilation and blink rate, provide examples of their usage, describe analytic methods and methodological considerations, and discuss their potential for research on learning, cognitive development, and plasticity.
Internal validation of predictive models: efficiency of some procedures for logistic regression analysis.

The performance of a predictive model is overestimated when simply determined on the sample of subjects that was used to construct the model. Several internal validation methods are available that aim to provide a more accurate estimate of model performance in new subjects. We evaluated several variants of split-sample, cross-validation and bootstrapping methods with a logistic regression model that included eight predictors for 30-day mortality after an acute myocardial infarction. Random samples with a size between n = 572 and n = 9165 were drawn from a large data set (GUSTO-I; n = 40,830; 2851 deaths) to reflect modeling in data sets with between 5 and 80 events per variable. Independent performance was determined on the remaining subjects. Performance measures included discriminative ability, calibration and overall accuracy. We found that split-sample analyses gave overly pessimistic estimates of performance, with large variability. Cross-validation on 10% of the sample had low bias and low variability, but was not suitable for all performance measures. Internal validity could best be estimated with bootstrapping, which provided stable estimates with low bias. We conclude that split-sample validation is inefficient, and recommend bootstrapping for estimation of internal validity of a predictive logistic regression model.
Protection Goals : Confidentiality , Integrity , and Availability

The goal of this chapter is to give a brief introduction to the modern view of information security as a prerequisite to organizing an open, free, and democratic information society. It introduces design principles and, on a high level of abstraction, the technical terminology needed to discuss economic incentives around the provision of information security. It is targeted to people with a background in economics or social sciences. Readers trained in computer science or engineering disciplines may recognize most topics. They are invited to simply skip this chapter, though many computer scientists may find the presentation and emphasis different from what they have previously encountered.
Sliding mode measurement feedback control for antilock braking systems

We describe a nonlinear observer-based design for control of vehicle traction that is important in providing safety and obtaining desired longitudinal vehicle motion. First, a robust sliding mode controller is designed to maintain the wheel slip at any given value. Simulations show that longitudinal traction controller is capable of controlling the vehicle with parameter deviations and disturbances. The direct state feedback is then replaced with nonlinear observers to estimate the vehicle velocity from the output of the system (i.e., wheel velocity). The nonlinear model of the system is shown locally observable. The effects and drawbacks of the extended Kalman filters and sliding observers are shown via simulations. The sliding observer is found promising while the extended Kalman filter is unsatisfactory due to unpredictable changes in the road conditions.
Market Competition in the Animation Industry between Japan and China : How to Face China ’ s Rising Interest in Promoting Domestically-Produced Animation * February

_____________________________ *This article is based on the authors’ article “Nicchu Anime Sangyo No Shijo-Soudatsu ~ Kokusan Anime Shinkou Wo Hakaru Chugoku To Dou Mukiaunoka~” [Market Competition in the Animation Industry Between Japan and China ~How to Face China’s Rising Interest in Promoting Domestically-Produced Animation~], originally published in the April 2012 issue of “Hoso Kenkyu to Chousa” [the NHK monthly report on Broadcast Research]. Full text in Japanese available below: http://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/research/report/2012_04/20120404.pdf
A self-reconfigurable platform for general purpose image processing systems on low-cost spartan-6 FPGAs

There is still no partial reconfiguration tool support on low-cost Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) such as old-fashioned Spartan-3 and state-of-the-art Spartan-6 FPGA families by Xilinx. This forces the designers and engineers, who are using the partial reconfiguration capability of FPGAs, to use expensive families such as Virtex-4, Virtex-5 and Virtex-6 which are officially supported by partial reconfiguration (PR) software. Moreover, Xilinx still does not offer a portable, dedicated self-reconfiguration engine for all of the FPGAs. Self-reconfiguration is achieved with general-purpose processors such as MicroBlaze and PowerPC which are too overqualified for this purpose. In this study, we propose a new self-reconfiguration mechanism for Spartan-6 FPGAs. This mechanism can be used to implement large and complex designs on small FPGAs as chip area can be dramatically reduced by exploiting the dynamic partial reconfiguration feature for on-demand functionality loading and maximal utilization of the hardware. This approach is highly attractive for designing low-cost compute-intensive applications such as high performance image processing systems. For Spartan-6 FPGAs, we have developed hard-macros and exploited the self-reconfiguration engine, compressed Parallel Configuration Access Port (cPCAP) , that we designed for Spartan-3. The modified cPCAP core with block RAM controller, bitstream decompressor unit and Internal Configuration Access Port (ICAP) Finite State Machine (FSM) occupies only about 82 of 6,822 slices (1.2% of whole device) on a Spartan-XC6SLX45 FPGA and it achieves the maximum theoretical reconfiguration speed of 200MB/s (ICAP, 16-bit at 100MHz) proposed by Xilinx. We have also implemented a Reconfigurable Processing Element (RPE) whose arithmetic unit can be reconfigured on-the-fly. Multiple RPEs can be utilized to design a General Purpose Image Processing System (GPIPS) that can implement a number of different algorithms during runtime. As an illustrative example, we programmed the GPIPS on Spartan-6 for switching between two applications on-demand such as two-dimensional filtering and block-matching.
A Survey of Child Sex Tourism in the Philippines

Child sex tourism is an obscure industry where the tourist‟s primary purpose is to engage in a sexual experience with a child. Under international legislation, tourism with the intent of having sexual relations with a minor is in violation of the UN Convention of the Rights of a Child. The intent and act is a crime and in violation of human rights. This paper examines child sex tourism in the Philippines, a major destination country for the purposes of child prostitution. The purpose is to bring attention to the atrocities that occur under the guise of tourism. It offers a definition of the crisis, a description of the victims and perpetrators, and a discussion of the social and cultural factors that perpetuate the problem. Research articles and reports from non-government organizations, advocacy groups, governments and educators were examined. Although definitional challenges did emerge, it was found that several of the articles and reports varied little in their definitions of child sex tourism and in the descriptions of the victims and perpetrators. A number of differences emerged that identified the social and cultural factors responsible for the creation and perpetuation of the problem.
A Curvature-Tensor-Based Perceptual Quality Metric for 3 D Triangular Meshes

Perceptual quality assessment of 3D triangular meshes is crucial for a variety of applications. In this paper, we present a new objective metric for assessing the visual difference between a reference triangular mesh and its distorted version produced by lossy operations, such as noise addition, simplification, compression and watermarking. The proposed metric is based on the measurement of the distance between curvature tensors of the two meshes under comparison. Our algorithm uses not only tensor eigenvalues (i.e., curvature amplitudes) but also tensor eigenvectors (i.e., principal curvature directions) to derive a perceptually-oriented tensor distance. The proposed metric also accounts for the visual masking effect of the human visual system, through a roughness-based weighting of the local tensor distance. A final score that reflects the visual difference between two meshes is obtained via a Minkowski pooling of the weighted local tensor distances over the mesh surface. We validate the performance of our algorithm on four subjectively-rated visual mesh quality databases, and compare the proposed method with state-of-the-art objective metrics. Experimental results show that our approach achieves high correlation between objective scores and subjective assessments.
Automatic Fault Tree Derivation from Little-JIL Process Definitions

Defects in safety critical processes can lead to accidents that result in harm to people or damage to property. Therefore, it is important to find ways to detect and remove defects from such processes. Earlier work has shown that Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)  can be effective in detecting safety critical process defects. Unfortunately, it is difficult to build a comprehensive set of Fault Trees for a complex process, especially if this process is not completely welldefined. The Little-JIL process definition language has been shown to be effective for defining complex processes clearly and precisely at whatever level of granularity is desired . In this work, we present an algorithm for generating Fault Trees from Little-JIL process definitions. We demonstrate the value of this work by showing how FTA can identify safety defects in the process from which the Fault Trees were automatically derived.
Similarity Analysis-Based Indoor Localization Algorithm With Backscatter Information of Passive UHF RFID Tags

Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) is a low cost and low complexity localization technology. With introduction of reference tags, RFID technology can provide on-line reference information for pattern matching localization algorithms. One of the most popular algorithms is k -nearest neighbor algorithm. While how to decide the K value in estimation is still a problem. In addition, traditional received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based algorithms suffer from multipath effects, it is difficult to further improve the localization accuracy. In this paper, we analyze the similarity of backscatter signals and present a novel range based indoor localization method, SAIL. According to the propagation distances of signals, reference tags that have similar distances to a reader antenna can be considered as a group. Inspired by the idea of grouping, clustering algorithm is utilized to get candidate tags for ranging. This method does not need to fix the number of reference tags in estimation. Besides RSSI, the RFID reader can also extract phase of signals coming from backscattered signals of responding tags. This guides us to combine RSSI and phase in similarity measure for clustering. In the simulation and experimental tests, SAIL is superior to other RFID schemes considering cost, location estimation error, and flexibility.
A simple polynomial-time rescaling algorithm for solving linear programs

The perceptron algorithm, developed mainly in the machine learning literature, is a simple greedy method for finding a feasible solution to a linear program (alternatively, for learning a threshold function. ). In spite of its exponential worst-case complexity, it is often quite useful, in part due to its noise-tolerance and also its overall simplicity. In this paper, we show that a randomized version of the perceptron algorithm with periodic rescaling runs in polynomial-time. The resulting algorithm for linear programming has an elementary description and analysis.
Whole-brain serial-section electron microscopy in larval zebrafish

High-resolution serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM) makes it possible to investigate the dense meshwork of axons, dendrites, and synapses that form neuronal circuits. However, the imaging scale required to comprehensively reconstruct these structures is more than ten orders of magnitude smaller than the spatial extents occupied by networks of interconnected neurons, some of which span nearly the entire brain. Difficulties in generating and handling data for large volumes at nanoscale resolution have thus restricted vertebrate studies to fragments of circuits. These efforts were recently transformed by advances in computing, sample handling, and imaging techniques, but high-resolution examination of entire brains remains a challenge. Here, we present ssEM data for the complete brain of a larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) at 5.5 days post-fertilization. Our approach utilizes multiple rounds of targeted imaging at different scales to reduce acquisition time and data management requirements. The resulting dataset can be analysed to reconstruct neuronal processes, permitting us to survey all myelinated axons (the projectome). These reconstructions enable precise investigations of neuronal morphology, which reveal remarkable bilateral symmetry in myelinated reticulospinal and lateral line afferent axons. We further set the stage for whole-brain structure–function comparisons by co-registering functional reference atlases and in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy data from the same specimen. All obtained images and reconstructions are provided as an open-access resource.
Fuzzy Based Turbine Governor for Hydro Power Plant

Hydroelectric energy is a major source of renewable electricity in the world. The industry is continuously searching for ways to improve the efficiency and reliability with which it produces energy. The turbine governor plays vital role in keeping frequency constant. Here we proposed a fuzzy approach to turbine governor by utilizing human experience. The simulation model of Hydro Power Plant (HPP) was constructed based on mathematical equations that summarize the behavior of the power plant. The simulation model of power plant is useful in stability studies. It is implemented in software package MatLab/Simulink. Simulation models are suitable for use in large scale system stability studies. The fuzzy controller is designed and tested for three phase to ground fault by simulations which are reported in this paper. Results obtained by simulation show the rapidity and robustness of the Fuzzy controller. The Fuzzy controller is able to maintain the generated electrical power’s characteristics in spite of changing user load.
An Exact Algorithm for the Multiple Vehicle Pickup and Delivery Problem

We consider the Multiple Vehicle Pickup and Delivery Problem (MVPDP) with objective of minimizing the total travel cost and the fixed vehicle cost. Most of the optimization based approaches for solving the MVPDP are developed for a restrictive hard time window or tight capacity environment that depend significantly on the reduction of the feasible solution space. We develop an alternative optimization solution approach for the MVPDP that does not require these constraints to be tight. The problem is formulated as a 0-1 integer-programming problem. A branch-and-cut algorithm is developed to optimally solve the problem. Four classes of valid inequalities for the MVPDP are proposed. By using the proposed solution approach, we were able to optimally solve problem instances of up to 5 vehicles and 17 customers on problems without clusters and up to 5 vehicles and 25 customers on problems with clusters within a stopping criterion of three CPU hours on a Sun Fire 4800 Server.