nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Depression and anxiety associated with three pain conditions: results from a nationally representative sample

Investigations of the relationship between pain conditions and psychopathology have largely focused on depression and have been limited by the use of non-representative samples (e.g. clinical samples). The present study utilized data from the Midlife Development in the United States Survey (MIDUS) to investigate associations between three pain conditions and three common psychiatric disorders in a large sample (N = 3,032) representative of adults aged 25-74 in the United States population. MIDUS participants provided reports regarding medical conditions experienced over the past year including arthritis, migraine, and back pain. Participants also completed several diagnostic-specific measures from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form [ (1998) 171], which was based on the revised third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [American Psychiatric Association 1987]. The diagnoses included were depression, panic attacks, and generalized anxiety disorder. Logistic regression analyses revealed significant positive associations between each pain condition and the psychiatric disorders (Odds Ratios ranged from 1.48 to 3.86). The majority of these associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for demographic variables, the other pain conditions, and other medical conditions. Given the emphasis on depression in the pain literature, it was noteworthy that the associations between the pain conditions and the anxiety disorders were generally larger than those between the pain conditions and depression. These findings add to a growing body of evidence indicating that anxiety disorders warrant further attention in relation to pain. The clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
Image Enhancement Using Smoothing with Fuzzy Sets

A model for grey-tone image enhancement using the concept of fuzzy sets is suggested. It involves primary enhancement, smoothing, and then final enhancement. The algorithm for both the primary and final enhancements includes the extraction of fuzzy properties corresponding to pixels and then successive applications of the fuzzy operator "contrast intensifier" on the property plane. The three different smoothing techniques considered in the experiment are defocussing, averaging, and max-min rule over the neighbors of a pixel. The reduction of the "index of fuzziness" and "entropy" for different enhanced outputs (corresponding to different values of fuzzifiers) is demonstrated for an English script input. Enhanced output as obtained by histogram modification technique is also presented for comparison.
On the Design of Virtual Reality Learning Environments in Engineering

Currently, the use of virtual reality (VR) is being widely applied in different fields, especially in computer science, engineering, and medicine. Concretely, the engineering applications based on VR cover approximately one half of the total number of VR resources (considering the research works published up to last year, 2016). In this paper, the capabilities of different computational software for designing VR applications in engineering education are discussed. As a result, a general flowchart is proposed as a guide for designing VR resources in any application. It is worth highlighting that, rather than this study being based on the applications used in the engineering field, the obtained results can be easily extrapolated to other knowledge areas without any loss of generality. This way, this paper can serve as a guide for creating a VR application.
Reinforcement learning utilizes proxemics: An avatar learns to manipulate the position of people in immersive virtual reality

A reinforcement learning (RL) method was used to train a virtual character to move participants to a specified location. The virtual environment depicted an alleyway displayed through a wide field-of-view head-tracked stereo head-mounted display. Based on proxemics theory, we predicted that when the character approached within a personal or intimate distance to the participants, they would be inclined to move backwards out of the way. We carried out a between-groups experiment with 30 female participants, with 10 assigned arbitrarily to each of the following three groups: In the Intimate condition the character could approach within 0.38m and in the Social condition no nearer than 1.2m. In the Random condition the actions of the virtual character were chosen randomly from among the same set as in the RL method, and the virtual character could approach within 0.38m. The experiment continued in each case until the participant either reached the target or 7 minutes had elapsed. The distributions of the times taken to reach the target showed significant differences between the three groups, with 9 out of 10 in the Intimate condition reaching the target significantly faster than the 6 out of 10 who reached the target in the Social condition. Only 1 out of 10 in the Random condition reached the target. The experiment is an example of applied presence theory: we rely on the many findings that people tend to respond realistically in immersive virtual environments, and use this to get people to achieve a task of which they had been unaware. This method opens up the door for many such applications where the virtual environment adapts to the responses of the human participants with the aim of achieving particular goals.
Design and Implementation of Low-Area and Low-Power AES Encryption Hardware Core

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm has become the default choice for various security services in numerous applications. In this paper we present an AES encryption hardware core suited for devices in which low cost and low power consumption are desired. The core constitutes of a novel 8-bit architecture and supports encryption with 128-bit keys. In a 0.13 mum CMOS technology our area optimized implementation consumes 3.1 kgates. The throughput at the maximum clock frequency of 153 MHz is 121 Mbps, also in feedback encryption modes. Compared to previous 8-bit implementations, we achieve significantly higher throughput with corresponding area. The energy consumption per processed block is also lower
Rejuvenation of the Upper Face and Periocular Region: Combining Neuromodulator, Facial Filler, Laser, Light, and Energy-Based Therapies for Optimal Results.

The upper face and periocular region is a complex and dynamic part of the face. Successful rejuvenation requires a combination of minimally invasive modalities to fill dents and hollows, resurface rhytides, improve pigmentation, and smooth the mimetic muscles of the face without masking facial expression.



Using review of the literature and clinical experience, the authors discuss our strategy for combining botulinum toxin, facial filler, ablative laser, intense pulsed light, microfocused ultrasound, and microneedle fractional radiofrequency to treat aesthetic problems of the upper face including brow ptosis, temple volume loss, A-frame deformity of the superior sulcus, and superficial and deep rhytides.



With attention to safety recommendations, injectable, light, laser, and energy-based treatments can be safely combined in experienced hands to provide enhanced outcomes in the rejuvenation of the upper face.



Providing multiple treatments in 1 session improves patient satisfaction by producing greater improvements in a shorter amount of time and with less overall downtime than would be necessary with multiple office visits.
Search Literacy: Learning to Search to Learn

People can often find themselves out of their depth when they face knowledge-based problems, such as faulty technology, or medical concerns. This can also happen in everyday domains that users are simply inexperienced with, like cooking. These are common exploratory search conditions, where users don’t quite know enough about the domain to know if they are submitting a good query, nor if the results directly resolve their need or can be translated to do so. In such situations, people turn to their friends for help, or to forums like StackOverflow, so that someone can explain things to them and translate information to their specific need. This short paper describes work-in-progress within a Google-funded project focusing on Search Literacy in these situations, where improved search skills will help users to learn as they search, to search better, and to better comprehend the results. Focusing on the technology-problem domain, we present initial results from a qualitative study of questions asked and answers given in StackOverflow, and present plans for designing search engine support to help searchers learn as they search.
Design and Implementation of High Frequency Inverter Operation for Induction Heating Cooking Application Using PSIM Software

An inverter circuit which generates a output high frequency AC. A low frequency AC (LFAC) to high frequency AC (HFAC) power conversion system without a DC smoothing Capacitor filter is introduced. The operating principle of a utility frequency AC-high frequency AC power frequency conversion circuit defined as a high frequency inverter is described. This synthesized converter can be considered as an output extension of a full-bridge topology where the AC to DC conversion is done by a bridge converter and again the required output AC is obtained with the help of seriesresonant inverter circuit. It allows the control of simultaneously and independently, up to their rated power reducing the component requirement along with the converter solution. To verify the theoretical predictions, the conversion system is designed and simulated using the PSIM Simulink with an induction-heating prototype. The advantage of such a circuit is that the AC side line current harmonic components and power factor characteristics are improved. The performance of the output high frequency inverter simulated with switching frequency 66 KHz and RMS input voltage 240 V.
Correlation filter based visual trackers for person pursuit using a low-cost Quadrotor

We propose two model-free visual object trackers for following targets using the low-cost quadrotor Parrot AR.Drone 2.0 at low altitudes. Our trackers employ correlation filters for short-term tracking and a redetection strategy based on tracking-learning-detection (TLD). We performed an extensive quantitative evaluation of our trackers and a wide variety of existing trackers on person pursuit sequences. The results show that our trackers outperform the existing trackers. In addition, we demonstrate the applicability of our proposed trackers in a series of flight experiments in unconstrained environments using human targets and an existing visual servoing controller.
Simulink Application On Dynamic Modeling Of Biological Waste Water Treatment For Aerator Tank Case

Environmental protection and water quality preservation is an import task for each person in the world. In this paper importance of water quality is discussed, in addition different waste water treatment processes are presented. Main objective of this paper is application of Simulink for dynamic modeling of biological treatment, especially concerning to the activated sludge processes (ASP). In connection with Simulink modeling different mathematical approach are presented and consider also during the simulation. Simulink modeling on Matlab is developed based on aerator tank model. Aerator model itself consists on movement of particles settled on bottom of the tank, by using air bubbling process. Several simulations are done for two different cases, dry weather and rain episode. Concerning to dry weather episode, equilibrium of biomass and organic matter is reached after long period (i.e. 200 days). While concerning to the rain episode there is a decrease of biomass and increase of organic matter, also it is notice a significant growth of bacteria’s. Finally this model could be improved by considering a slow increase of flow rate.
OUR-CVFH - Oriented, Unique and Repeatable Clustered Viewpoint Feature Histogram for Object Recognition and 6DOF Pose Estimation

We propose a novel method to estimate a unique and repeatable reference frame in the context of 3D object recognition from a single viewpoint based on global descriptors. We show that the ability of defining a robust reference frame on both model and scene views allows creating descriptive global representations of the object view, with the beneficial effect of enhancing the spatial descriptiveness of the feature and its ability to recognize objects by means of a simple nearest neighbor classifier computed on the descriptor space. Moreover, the definition of repeatable directions can be deployed to efficiently retrieve the 6DOF pose of the objects in a scene. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on a dataset including 23 scenes acquired with the Microsoft Kinect sensor and 25 full-3D models by comparing the proposed approach with state-of-the-art global descriptors. A substantial improvement is presented regarding accuracy in recognition and 6DOF pose estimation, as well as in terms of computational performance.
Triple-Mode Dielectric Resonator Diplexer for Base-Station Applications

This paper proposes a novel diplexer based on triple-mode dielectric-loaded cylindrical cavities. Such two metal cavities are designed to achieve two different frequency bands, while three resonant modes of a single cavity are classified as a TM mode and a pair of hybrid (HE) degeneration modes. An off-centered dielectric resonator instead of a traditional corner cuts perturbation or screws perturbation properly perturbs the two degenerate modes in the same cavity. Extensive study is then conducted to design this proposed diplexer. Finally, a diplexer prototype is fabricated using a brass cavity and it is tested for experimental verification of the predicted results. Good agreement between measurement and simulation is achieved.
Fast image denoising based on modify CNN and noise estimation

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied in many areas successfully because of their ability to learn, ease of implementation and fast real-time operation. In this research, there are proposed two algorithms. The first is cellular neural network (CNN) with noise level estimation. While the second is modify cellular neural network with noise level estimation. The proposed CNN modification is by adding the Rossler chaos to the CNN fed. Noise level algorithm were used to image noise removal approach in order to get a good image denoising processing with high quality image visual and statistical measures. The results of the proposed system show that the combination of chaos CNN with noise level estimation gives acceptable PSNR and RMSE with a best quality visual vision and small computational time.
IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT IN SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING ARDUINO PROCESSOR

In the proposed Irrigation system IoT is implemented, in this system all the information that are received from the sensors and the various parameters are given to the arduinouno microcontroller as an analog input. A preset value of soil moisture sensor is fixed in microcontroller and also for fencing. When it goes beyond the particular threshold value water is automatically irrigated to the crops and once the required amount of water is fulfilled it stops. The Microcontroller transmits that information on the internet through a network of IoT in the form of wifi module ESP8266 that is attached to it. This enhances automated irrigation as the water pump can be switched on or off through information given to the controller. This proposed Irrigation system is used to get the chlorophyll content and nitrogen content of the leaf using LDR and Laser. This approach is for the advancement of irrigation process by automatic method without manpower by measuring various parameters related to the field and thus improves irrigation.
Buried penis: congenital syndrome of a short penile shaft and a paucity of penile shaft skin.

The term "buried penis" has been applied to a variety of penile abnormalities and includes an apparent buried penis that is obvious at birth. The purpose of this study was to examine prospectively the congenital buried penis and to evaluate an operative technique for its management.



A total of 31 males 2 to 28 months old (mean age 12.3 months) with a congenital buried penis underwent surgical correction of the anomaly. Measurements were made of the penile shaft skin, inner leaf of the prepuce, glans length and stretched penile length. Observations of the subcutaneous tissue of the penis were made. The outer leaf of the prepuce was resected, following which covering of the penile shaft was accomplished with a combination of the penile shaft skin and the inner leaf of the prepuce.



Stretched penile lengths ranged from 2.3 to 4.1 cm (mean 3.1). The glans length from the tip of the glans dorsally to the corona ranged from 0.9 to 1.6 cm (mean 1.2). The inner leaf of the prepuce ranged from 0.9 to 2.2 cm (mean 1.5) in length, while the dorsal penile skin lengths were 1 to 1.6 cm (mean 0.8). In all patients complete shaft coverage was accomplished using a combination of varying degrees of penile shaft skin and inner leaf of the prepuce. In no case was there a requirement for either unfurling of the inner and outer leaf of the prepuce or mobilization of scrotal flaps to accomplish shaft coverage. All patients healed well and have done well with a followup of 6 months to 1 year.



Congenital buried penis is a syndrome consisting of a paucity of penile shaft skin and a short penile shaft. The anomaly may be successfully repaired by carefully preserving a length of inner leaf of the prepuce sufficient to cover, in some instances, the length of the penile shaft. Anchoring of the penile skin to the shaft is not recommended.
Average interradicular sites for miniscrew insertion: should dental crowding be considered?

To define a map of interradicular spaces where miniscrew can be likely placed at a level covered by attached gingiva, and to assess if a correlation between crowding and availability of space exists.



Panoramic radiographs and digital models of 40 patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Interradicular spaces were measured on panoramic radiographs, while tooth size-arch length discrepancy was assessed on digital models. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate if interradicular spaces are influenced by the presence of crowding.



In the mandible, the most convenient sites for miniscrew insertion were in the spaces comprised between second molars and first premolars; in the maxilla, between first molars and second premolars as well as between canines and lateral incisors and between the two central incisors. The interradicular spaces between the maxillary canines and lateral incisors, and between mandibular first and second premolars revealed to be influenced by the presence of dental crowding.



The average interradicular sites map hereby proposed can be used as a general guide for miniscrew insertion at the very beginning of orthodontic treatment planning. Then, the clinician should consider the amount of crowding: if this is large, the actual interradicular space in some areas might be significantly different from what reported on average. Individualized radiographs for every patient are still recommended.
Craniopagus twins: embryology, classification, surgical anatomy, and separation

With recent advances in brain imaging and neurosurgical techniques, there has been a renewed interest in the surgical separation of craniopagus twins. Successful separation in recent cases, along with widespread publicity, has attracted craniopagus twins from all over the world to be referred to pediatric neurosurgical centers for evaluation and consideration for surgical separation. It has become apparent, however, that the most critical decisions in surgical planning are related to separation of the blood supply to the conjoined brains. In fact, in craniopagus twins that survive pregnancy or the first few days of life, there is usually little shared brain tissue. The shared blood supply is far and away the more critical issue. It is very difficult to successfully separate craniopagus twins in one surgical procedure. Staged separation, with gradual re-routing of the shared blood supply, has been a successful alternative. We discuss here our experience with three sets of craniopagus twins and our approach to staged separation.
An Ambient Assisted Living Technology Platform for Informal Carers of the Elderly

For most families with elderly relatives, care within their own home is by far the most preferred option both for the elderly and their carers. However, frequently these carers are the partners of the person with long-term care needs, and themselves are elderly and in need of support to cope with the burdens and stress associated with these duties. When it becomes too much for them, they may have to rely on professional care services, or even use residential care for a respite. In order to support the carers as well as the elderly person, an ambient assisted living platform has been developed. The system records information about the activities of daily living using unobtrusive sensors within the home, and allows the carers to record their own wellbeing state. By providing facilities to schedule and monitor the activities of daily care, and providing orientation and advice to improve the care given and their own wellbeing, the system helps to reduce the burden on the informal carers. Received on 30 August 2016; accepted on 03 February 2017;
Understanding Cybercrime from Its Stakeholders' Perspectives: Part 2--Defenders and Victims

A comprehensive model and taxonomy of Cybercrime, including all of its stakeholders, would contribute to better cybersecurity. Part 1 of this two-part series, which appeared in the January/February 2015 issue of IEEE Security & Privacy, explored Cyberattackers and their motives in detail. Part 2 focuses on the other key stakeholders: defenders and victims of cybercrime.
A Method of Generating Simultaneous Contoured and Pencil Beams From Single Shaped Reflector Antenna

This communication deals with simultaneous generation of a contoured and a pencil beam from a single shaped reflector with two feeds. A novel concept of generating a high gain pencil beam from a shaped reflector is presented using focal plane conjugate field matching method. The contoured beam is generated from the shaped reflector by introducing deformations in a parabolic reflector surface. This communication proposes a simple method to counteract the effects of shaping and generate an additional high gain pencil beam from the shaped reflector. This is achieved by using a single feed which is axially and laterally displaced from the focal point. The proposed method is successfully applied to generate an Indian main land coverage contoured beam and a high gain pencil beam over Andaman Islands. The contoured beam with peak gain of 33.05 dBi and the pencil beam with 43.8 dBi peak gain is generated using the single shaped reflector and two feeds. This technique saves mass and volume otherwise would have required for feed cluster to compensate for the surface distortion.