nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Microcontroller based home automation system using Bluetooth, GSM, Wi-Fi and DTMF

Automation is a system that plays a significant role in the ubiquitous economics. Engineers combat to consolidate automated devices with functional instruments to make complicated systems for a fast expanding range of applications and human activities. This paper represents a low cost, flexible and standalone home automation system. We can control home appliances from outdoor also from indoor locations. We have used a PIR (Passive Infrared Sensor) in this system that detects an intruder. All Electrical loads are automated in this system. There is also an internet module that is used to notify the status of home appliances using Twitter. The advantage of the internet module is that the home appliances can be controlled from anywhere in the world. The systems also use the DTMF (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency) technology for the calling system, so the home appliances can be controlled by calling and pressing buttons of mobile devices. Using this system, physically weak people can control home appliances from anywhere. This system can be implemented in houses, offices, hospitals, industries, or even in universities. The user interface is kept simple, so users from beginner to advanced level Internet users can use the system without problem.
Size reduction of compact dual-band antenna based on metamaterials

A compact dual-band antenna based on metamaterials with emphasizing in size reduction is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna that takes a U-shaped patch is designed to operate in dual frequency bands of WiMAX, 2.3GHz and 3.3GHz. In the design, metamaterials with composite right-left handed transmission line approach is used to implement the proposed antenna. The antenna is fed by use of microstrip line feeding technique and deployed on FR-4 Epoxy substrate with the relative permittivity of 4.3 and the thickness of 0.8mm. To demonstrate the size reduction capability, the metamaterials-based antenna will be compared with other 2 microstrip antennas that resonate at the same resonant frequency, namely half ground plane antenna and full ground plane antenna. Here, the microstrip antennas are also deployed on similar dielectric substrate with the same relative permittivity. These 3 kind antennas are then compared each other in terms of physical size, return loss, bandwidth, gain, and radiation pattern. From the comparison, it is shown that the employment of metamaterials for antenna implementation is achieving the wider bandwidth for both frequency bands and the smaller antenna size up to 28% and 70% compared to the microstrip half ground plane and full ground plane antenna, respectively.
Security in the Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of Things (IoT) are affecting our daily lives significantly. They are used in the homes, hospitals; installed outside to control and report the changes in the environment. IoT is a worldwide system of physical and, virtual “things” associated with the web. The Internet of Things everywhere will encourage billions of devices, individuals and administrations to interconnect to trade data and helpful information. Each object has special ID which is used for recognizable proof. In future, practically every electronic device will be a smart device which can register and speak with handheld and other framework equipment. As most of the IoT devices are battery operated and requires less power consumption, the safety and protection is a real issue in IoT. Identification, Authentication and device diversity are the real security and protection concern in IoT. This paper discusses critical issues related to safety and privacy of IoT.
Hybrid Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Current Status and a Look Ahead.

Treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) has evolved significantly during the last 3 decades. Successful surgical AF ablation was developed by the pioneering work of Dr James Cox in 1987 resulting in the development of the Coxmaze (CM)  Further experience and incorporation of ablation technology allowed subsequent modifications to increase efficacy and decrease morbidity, resulting in the latest iteration—the CM IV.2 Despite the excellent results of open SA of AF, its widespread use has been limited by its morbidity, especially for standalone surgical procedures. Ablation lines from alternate energy sources to replace many of the surgical incisions in the cut and sew maze led to a thoracoscopic, minimally invasive, off-pump beating heart  Minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery may improve on the results of AF catheter ablation but may not be as effective as open surgery because of limitations in creating transmural lesions in roof and floor of the left atrial posterior wall in some patients.3 In 1998, the observation by Haïssaguerre et al2 that the pulmonary veins (PVs) serve as common sources of AF triggers in patients with paroxysmal AF paved the way for catheter AF ablation (CA) using radiofrequency energy. Although CA is associated with relatively low morbidity, it has been characterized by higher AF recurrence rates, especially in persistent and long-standing persistent AF.4 Because thoracoscopic SA and CA interventions may lead to incomplete isolation of the PVs and the posterior wall of left atrium, a hybrid option combining these 2 techniques was developed. The so-called hybrid strategies proposed to increase procedural success. In fact, single-center studies have demonstrated that catheter ablation may be effective in completing some of the lines created by the thoracoscopicbased SA procedure.5 Hybrid AF ablations in various centers have been variable in terms of surgical approach (thorascopic versus pericardioscopic), lesion sets applied by surgeon and electrophysiologist, timing of the staged procedures, type of energy used, exclusion of left atrial appendage (LAA), and the rigor and length of patient follow-up (Table 1). Despite the presence of observational data supporting the safety and efficacy of this approach, lack of prospective trials and the remaining unanswered questions temper its widespread use. This article will review the evidence behind hybrid AF ablation and provide a rationale for the US Food and Drug Administration–sponsored prospective multicenter trials to provide more meaningful data on the safety and efficacy of hybrid approaches to AF ablation.
WhyCon : An Efficent , Marker-based Localization System

We present an open-source marker-based localization system intended as a low-cost easy-to-deploy solution for aerial and swarm robotics. The main advantage of the presented method is its high computational efficiency, which allows its deployment on small robots with limited computational resources. Even on low-end computers, the core component of the system can detect and estimate 3D positions of hundreds of black and white markers at the maximum frame-rate of standard cameras. The method is robust to changing lighting conditions and achieves accuracy in the order of millimeters to centimeters. Due to its reliability, simplicity of use and availability as an open-source ROS module (http://purl.org/robotics/whycon), the system is now used in a number of aerial robotics projects where fast and precise relative localization is required.
Active contextual policy search

We consider the problem of learning skills that are versatilely applicable. One popular approach for learning such skills is contextual policy search in which the individual tasks are represented as context vectors. We are interested in settings in which the agent is able to actively select the tasks that it examines during the learning process. We argue that there is a better way than selecting each task equally often because some tasks might be easier to learn at the beginning and the knowledge that the agent can extract from these tasks can be transferred to similar but more difficult tasks. The methods that we propose for addressing the task-selection problem model the learning process as a nonstationary multi-armed bandit problem with custom intrinsic reward heuristics so that the estimated learning progress will be maximized. This approach does neither make any assumptions about the underlying contextual policy search algorithm nor about the policy representation. We present empirical results on an artificial benchmark problem and a ball throwing problem with a simulated Mitsubishi PA-10 robot arm which show that active context selection can improve the learning of skills considerably.
Procedural Modeling of Interconnected Structures

The complexity and detail of geometric scenes that are used in today’s computer animated films and interactive games have reached a level where the manual creation by traditional 3D modeling tools has become infeasible. This is why procedural modeling concepts have been developed which generate highly complex 3D models by automatically executing a set of formal construction rules. Well-known examples are variants of L-systems which describe the bottom-up growth process of plants and shape grammars which define architectural buildings by decomposing blocks in a top-down fashion. However, none of these approaches allows for the easy generation of interconnected structures such as bridges or roller coasters where a functional interaction between rigid and deformable parts of an object is needed. Our approach mainly relies on the top-down decomposition principle of shape grammars to create an arbitrarily complex but well structured layout. During this process, potential attaching points are collected in containers which represent the set of candidates to establish interconnections. Our grammar then uses either abstract connection patterns or geometric queries to determine elements in those containers that are to be connected. The two different types of connections that our system supports are rigid object chains and deformable beams. The former type is constructed by inverse kinematics, the latter by spline interpolation. We demonstrate the descriptive power of our grammar by example models of bridges, roller coasters, and wall-mounted catenaries.
Fog Computing architecture to enable consumer centric Internet of Things services

Fog Computing is a recent computing paradigm that is extending cloud computing towards the edge of network. Due to its proximity to end-users, dense geographical distribution, open platform and support for high mobility, Fog Computing platforms can provide services with reduced latency and improved QoS. Thus it is becoming an important enabler for consumer centric Internet of Things based applications and services that require real time operations e.g. connected vehicles, smart road intersection management and smart grid. The paper discusses one such architecture for connected vehicles with Road Side Units (RSUs) and M2M gateways including the Fog Computing Platform. M2M data processing with semantics, discovery and management of connected vehicles are briefly discussed as consumer centric IoT services enabled by the distinct characteristics of Fog Computing.
Analysis of QoS Requirements for e-Health Services and Mapping to Evolved Packet System QoS Classes

E-Health services comprise a broad range of healthcare services delivered by using information and communication technology. In order to support existing as well as emerging e-Health services over converged next generation network (NGN) architectures, there is a need for network QoS control mechanisms that meet the often stringent requirements of such services. In this paper, we evaluate the QoS support for e-Health services in the context of the Evolved Packet System (EPS), specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as a multi-access all-IP NGN. We classify heterogeneous e-Health services based on context and network QoS requirements and propose a mapping to existing 3GPP QoS Class Identifiers (QCIs) that serve as a basis for the class-based QoS concept of the EPS. The proposed mapping aims to provide network operators with guidelines for meeting heterogeneous e-Health service requirements. As an example, we present the QoS requirements for a prototype e-Health service supporting tele-consultation between a patient and a doctor and illustrate the use of the proposed mapping to QCIs in standardized QoS control procedures.
Demographics, weather and online reviews: a study of restaurant recommendations

Online recommendation sites are valuable information sources that people contribute to, and often use to choose restaurants. However, little is known about the dynamics behind participation in these online communities and how the recommendations in these communities are formed. In this work, we take a first look at online restaurant recommendation communities to study what endogenous (i.e., related to entities being reviewed) and exogenous factors influence people's participation in the communities, and to what extent. We analyze an online community corpus of 840K restaurants and their 1.1M associated reviews from 2002 to 2011, spread across every U.S. state. We construct models for number of reviews and ratings by community members, based on several dimensions of endogenous and exogenous factors. We find that while endogenous factors such as restaurant attributes (e.g., meal, price, service) affect recommendations, surprisingly, exogenous factors such as demographics (e.g., neighborhood diversity, education) and weather (e.g., temperature, rain, snow, season) also exert a significant effect on reviews. We find that many of the effects in online communities can be explained using offline theories from experimental psychology. Our study is the first to look at exogenous factors and how it related to online online restaurant reviews. It has implications for designing online recommendation sites, and in general, social media and online communities.
Can Smartwatches Replace Smartphones for Posture Tracking?

This paper introduces a human posture tracking platform to identify the human postures of sitting, standing or lying down, based on a smartwatch. This work develops such a system as a proof-of-concept study to investigate a smartwatch's ability to be used in future remote health monitoring systems and applications. This work validates the smartwatches' ability to track the posture of users accurately in a laboratory setting while reducing the sampling rate to potentially improve battery life, the first steps in verifying that such a system would work in future clinical settings. The algorithm developed classifies the transitions between three posture states of sitting, standing and lying down, by identifying these transition movements, as well as other movements that might be mistaken for these transitions. The system is trained and developed on a Samsung Galaxy Gear smartwatch, and the algorithm was validated through a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation of 20 subjects. The system can identify the appropriate transitions at only 10 Hz with an F-score of 0.930, indicating its ability to effectively replace smart phones, if needed.
An evaluation of indirect attacks and countermeasures in fingerprint verification systems

Biometric recognition systems are vulnerable to numerous security threats. These include direct attacks to the sensor or indirect attacks, which represent the ones aimed towards internal system modules. In this work, indirect attacks against fingerprint verification systems are analyzed in order to better understand how harmful they can be. Software attacks via hill climbing algorithms are implemented and their success rate is studied under different conditions. In a hill climbing attack, a randomly generated synthetic template is presented to the matcher, and is iteratively modified based on the score output until it is accepted as genuine. Countermeasures against such attacks are reviewed and analyzed, focusing on score quantization as a case study. It is found that hill climbing attacks are highly effective in the process of creating synthetic templates that are accepted by the matcher as genuine ones. We also find that score quantization drastically reduces the attack success rate. We analyze the hill climbing approach over two state-of-the-art fingerprint verification systems: the NIST Fingerprint Image Software 2, running on a PC and a prototype system fully embedded in a smart card (Match-on-Card). Results of both systems are obtained using a sub corpus of the publicly available MCYT database.
Practical path planning and path following for a non-holonomic mobile robot based on visual servoing

In this paper, a practical real-time path planning and robot navigation algorithm for a non-holonomic indoor mobile robot based on visual servoing is implemented. The proposed algorithm is divided into three parts; the first part uses Multi-Stencils Fast Marching (MSFM) as a path planning method. But the generated path results from fast marching methods when used directly, not guaranteed to be safe and smooth. Subsequently, the robot can touch corners, walls and obstacles. The proposed algorithm uses image processing methods to solve this problem. The second part estimates the position and orientation of the robot, from the visual information, to follow the desired path with avoiding obstacles. The third part proposes a decentralized PD-like Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to keep up the robot on the desired path. Experimental results show that the developed design is valid to estimate shortest-path by avoiding obstacles and able to guide the robot to follow the path in real-time.
A New Neutral-Point-Clamped PWM Inverter

A new neutral-point-clamped pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter composed of main switching devices which operate as switches for PWM and auxiliary switching devices to clamp the output terminal potential to the neutral point potential has been developed. This inverter output contains less harmonic content as compared with that of a conventional type. Two inverters are compared analytically and experimentally. In addition, a new PWM technique suitable for an ac drive system is applied to this inverter. The neutral-point-clamped PWM inverter adopting the new PWM technique shows an excellent drive system efficiency, including motor efficiency, and is appropriate for a wide-range variable-speed drive system.
Image Fusion: An Overview

An extensive overview of the field of image fusion is presented in this paper. The study firstly delves into the problem of multiple modalities that form the motivation for fusion, and discusses the main advantages of image fusion. Further, it discusses in detail the history of fusion algorithms that comprise various transform-domain and data driven methods. A section on image fusion applications, ranging from geo-spatial, medical to security fields, is also presented. Overall the paper aims to bring to light the advances and state-of-the-art within the image fusion research area so as to benefit other fields.
A Review of Cloud Computing Security Issues

Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm which has become today’s hottest research area due to its ability to reduce the costs associated with computing. In today’s era, it is most interesting and enticing technology which is offering the services to its users on demand over the internet. Since Cloud computing stores the data and its disseminated resources in the environment, security has become the main obstacle which is hampering the deployment of cloud environments. There are number of users used cloud to store their personal data, so that data storage security is required on the storage media. The major concern of cloud environment is security during upload the data on cloud server. Data storage at cloud server attracted incredible amount of consideration or spotlight from different communities. For outsourcing the data there is a need of third party. The importance of third party is to prevent and control unauthorized access to data store to the cloud. This research paper discuss the security issues of cloud storage.
The size, mass, and composition of plastic debris in the western North Atlantic Ocean.

This study reports the first inventory of physical properties of individual plastic debris in the North Atlantic. We analyzed 748 samples for size, mass, and material composition collected from surface net tows on 11 expeditions from Cape Cod, Massachusetts to the Caribbean Sea between 1991 and 2007. Particles were mostly fragments less than 10mm in size with nearly all lighter than 0.05 g. Material densities ranged from 0.808 to 1.24 g ml(-1), with about half between 0.97 and 1.04 g ml(-1), a range not typically found in virgin plastics. Elemental analysis suggests that samples in this density range are consistent with polypropylene and polyethylene whose densities have increased, likely due to biofouling. Pelagic densities varied considerably from that of beach plastic debris, suggesting that plastic particles are modified during their residence at sea. These analyses provide clues in understanding particle fate and potential debris sources, and address ecological implications of pelagic plastic debris.
CMOS Outphasing Class-D Amplifier With Chireix Combiner

This letter presents a CMOS outphasing class-D power amplifier (PA) with a Chireix combiner. Two voltage-mode class-D amplifiers used in the outphasing system were designed and implemented with a 0.18-mum CMOS process. By applying the Chireix combiner technique, drain efficiency of the outphasing PA for CDMA signals was improved from 38.6% to 48% while output power was increased from 14.5 to 15.4 dBm with an adjacent channel power ratio of -45 dBc.
Fire detection for early fire alarm based on optical flow video processing

We propose a method for early fire detection based on the Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm that is able to detect fire in real time in a video stream from a monocular camera. The method works both indoors and in open areas. It detects fire at the beginning of the burning process, enabling an earlier response than would be possible with a conventional fire detector. The method performs background subtraction to identify moving pixels in the scene then filters for colors consistent with fire. Growth rate analysis is applied to the contours identified in the previous step. We further propose the use of a Lucas-Kanade optical flow pyramid in the regions identified in the growth analysis step and analysis of the variance of the optical flow feature points' motion. In an experiment comparing the growth rate method alone with the combination of growth rate and optical flow analysis, we find that the algorithm improves the accuracy of fire detection for early fire alarming and reduce false alarm by solving the fire-like color.
A utility-based power-control scheme in wireless cellular systems

Distributed power-control algorithms for systems with hard signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) constraints may diverge when infeasibility arises. In this paper, we present a power-control framework called utility-based power control (UBPC) by reformulating the problem using a softened SIR requirement (utility) and adding a penalty on power consumption (cost). Under this framework, the goal is to maximize the net utility, defined as utility minus cost. Although UBPC is still noncooperative and distributed in nature, some degree of cooperation emerges: a user will automatically decrease its target SIR (and may even turn off transmission) when it senses that traffic congestion is building up. This framework enables us to improve system convergence and to satisfy heterogeneous service requirements (such as delay and bit error rate) for integrated networks with both voice users and data users. Fairness, adaptiveness, and a high degree of flexibility can be achieved by properly tuning parameters in UBPC.