nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
ECG-RNG: A Random Number Generator Based on ECG Signals and Suitable for Securing Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a promising technology with applications in many areas such as environment monitoring, agriculture, the military field or health-care, to name but a few. Unfortunately, the wireless connectivity of the sensors opens doors to many security threats, and therefore, cryptographic solutions must be included on-board these devices and preferably in their design phase. In this vein, Random Number Generators (RNGs) play a critical role in security solutions such as authentication protocols or key-generation algorithms. In this article is proposed an avant-garde proposal based on the cardiac signal generator we carry with us (our heart), which can be recorded with medical or even low-cost sensors with wireless connectivity. In particular, for the extraction of random bits, a multi-level decomposition has been performed by wavelet analysis. The proposal has been tested with one of the largest and most publicly available datasets of electrocardiogram signals (202 subjects and 24 h of recording time). Regarding the assessment, the proposed True Random Number Generator (TRNG) has been tested with the most demanding batteries of statistical tests (ENT, DIEHARDERand NIST), and this has been completed with a bias, distinctiveness and performance analysis. From the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that the output stream of our proposed TRNG behaves as a random variable and is suitable for securing WSNs.
Necrotizing Fasciitis of Face in Odontogenic Infection: A Rare Clinical Entity

Necrotizing fasciitis is a progressive, life-threatening, bacterial infection of the skin, the subcutaneous tissue and the underlying fascia, in most cases caused by -hemolytic group A Streptococcus. Only early diagnosis and aggressive therapy including broad spectrum antibiotics and surgical intervention can avoid systemic toxicity with a high mortality rate. This disease is commonly known to occur in the lower extremities and trunk, and only rarely in the head and neck region, the face being rarest finding. When located in the face necrotizing fasciitis is associated with severe cosmetic and functional complication due to the invasive nature, infection and often due to the necessary surgical treatment. In the following article, we present the successful diagnosis and management of an isolated facial necrotizing fasciitis as a consequence of odontogenic infection.
Dynamic modeling and design optimization of a 3-DOF spherical parallel manipulator

This paper deals with the dynamic modeling and design optimization of a three Degree-of-Freedom spherical parallel manipulator. Using the method of Lagrange multipliers, the equation of motion is derived by considering its motion characteristics, namely, all the components rotating about the center of rotation. Using the derived dynamic model, a multiobjective optimization problem is formulated to optimize the structural and geometric parameters of the spherical parallel manipulator. The proposed approach is illustrated with the design optimization of an unlimited-roll spherical parallel manipulator with a main objective to minimize the mechanism mass in order to enhance both kinematic and dynamic performances.
Political Discourse on Social Media: Echo Chambers, Gatekeepers, and the Price of Bipartisanship

Echo chambers, i.e., situations where one is exposed only to opinions that agree with their own, are an increasing concern for the political discourse in many democratic countries. This paper studies the phenomenon of political echo chambers on social media. We identify the two components in the phenomenon: the opinion that is shared (“echo”), and the place that allows its exposure (“chamber” — the social network), and examine closely at how these two components interact. We de ne a production and consumption measure for social-media users, which captures the political leaning of the content shared and received by them. By comparing the two, we nd that Twitter users are, to a large degree, exposed to political opinions that agree with their own. We also nd that users who try to bridge the echo chambers, by sharing content with diverse leaning, have to pay a “price of bipartisanship” in terms of their network centrality and content appreciation. In addition, we study the role of “gatekeepers,” users who consume content with diverse leaning but produce partisan content (with a single-sided leaning), in the formation of echo chambers. Finally, we apply these ndings to the task of predicting partisans and gatekeepers from social and content features. While partisan users turn out relatively easy to identify, gatekeepers prove to be more challenging.  Kiran Garimella, Gianmarco De Francisci Morales, Aristides Gionis, and Michael Mathioudakis. 2018. Political Discourse on Social Media: Echo Chambers, Gatekeepers, and the Price of Bipartisanship. In Proceedings of WWW ’18, Lyon, France, April 23–27, 2018, 10 pages.
Involving non-players in pervasive games

In traditional computer games, it is not uncommon for the game world to be inhabited by numerous computer-generated characters, Non-Player Characters (NPCs). In pervasive games, players play among human non-players as well and it becomes very tempting to use them as a game asset; as non-playing characters. Humans behave unpredictably and intelligently, and for this reason games set in real social context become more challenging for players than any preprogrammed environment can be. But however tempting the idea is, the use of non-players has implications on people's personal privacy. We report on a scenario-based study where people were interviewed about a set of game designs, all to some extent relying on information about non-players. We propose that in particular non-player anonymity and the ability to hold players accountable for their actions will affect non-player acceptance of pervasive games.
A novel multi-coil magnetically-coupled resonance array for wireless power transfer system

A novel planar resonant coil elements for the 3×3 array in multi-layer structure is proposed for the wireless power transmitter. Both simulation and measurement results reveal that in comparison with the conventional array of transmitter, the power transfer efficiency does not vary significantly when the receiver is moved along the plane parallel to the transmitter from 50mm to 80mm. The power transfer efficiency fluctuates between 57.81% and 64.95% for the measurements at the covering charging area; it indicates the successful establishment of the uniformly charging field desired for a practical wireless power transfer application.
Real-Time Reduced Steady-State Model Synthesis of Active Distribution Networks Using PMU Measurements

Due to the increase of generation sources in distribution networks, it is becoming very complex to develop and maintain models of these networks. Network operators need to determine reduced models of distribution networks to be used in grid management functions. This paper presents a novel method that synthesizes steady-state models of unbalanced active distribution networks with the use of dynamic measurements (time series) from phasor measurement units (PMUs). Since phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurements may contain errors and bad data, this paper presents the application of a Kalman filter technique for real-time data processing. In addition, PMU data capture the power system's response at different time-scales, which are generated by different types of power system events; the presented Kalman filter has been improved to extract the steady-state component of the PMU measurements to be fed to the steady-state model synthesis application. Performance of the proposed methods has been assessed by real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulations on a sample distribution network.
Inverse Kinematics of a New Quadruped Robot Control Method

we propose a new  control method  called Time‐Pose  control method  and  choose  the  enhanced  extended  jacobian matrix  method  for  inverse  kinematics.  We  deduce extended  jacobian matrix method again so  that  it can be applicable  for  arbitrary  joint  length.  It  is  argued  that because  the method  can generate  close  joint angle path. With  Time‐Pose  control  method,  such  kind  of  inverse kinematics method has been used for trot gait on the flat ground.  Simulations  and  experiments  are  performed, which prove  the extended  jacobian matrix method  to be realizable for the quadruped robot.
Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-negative men having sex with men.

Four epidemiologic forms of Kaposi's sarcoma have been described, all of which are associated with the human herpesvirus-8. In western countries, human herpesvirus-8 is more prevalent in homosexual men than in the general population, and anecdotal cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-negative homosexual men have been reported.



We included HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual male patients with histologically proven Kaposi's sarcoma in a retrospective study. Clinical data were collected using a standardized form. Risk factors for human herpesvirus-8 infection and for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma were systematically recorded.



Between 1995 and 2007, 28 men met the defined inclusion criteria. Mean age at first symptoms of Kaposi's sarcoma was 53 years. Clinical presentation resembled classical Kaposi's sarcoma, with limited disease in most patients. No cellular or humoral immunodeficiency was observed. Serologic tests for human herpesvirus-8 (latent immunofluorescence assay) were positive in 88% of patients, and only two patients displayed human herpesvirus-8 viremia at the time of Kaposi's sarcoma diagnosis. Three patients developed lymphoproliferative disorders (Castleman disease, follicular lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma). In this population, alpha-interferon was well tolerated and gave a complete response, but most patients require only local treatment, if any.



Kaposi's sarcoma may develop in homosexual or bisexual men without HIV infection. This type of Kaposi's sarcoma has clinical features in common with classical Kaposi's sarcoma but occurs in younger patients. Its prognosis is good, as Kaposi's sarcoma is generally limited, but clinicians should be aware of the association with lymphoproliferative diseases, which may affect prognosis.
Development of a Layout-Level Hardware Obfuscation Tool

While hardware obfuscation has been used in industry for many years, very few scientific papers discuss layout-level obfuscation. The main aim of this paper is to start a discussion about hardware obfuscation in the academic community and point out open research problems. In particular, we introduce a very flexible layout-level obfuscation tool that we use as a case study for hardware obfuscation. In this obfuscation tool, a small custom-made obfuscell is used in conjunction with a standard cell to build a new obfuscated standard cell library called Obfusgates. This standard cell library can be used to synthesize any HDL code with standard synthesis tools, e.g. Synopsis Design Compiler. However, only obfuscating the functionality of individual gates is not enough. Not only the functionality of individual gates, but also their connectivity, leaks important important information about the design. In our tool we therefore designed the obfuscation gates to include a large number of "dummy wires". Due to these dummy wires, the connectivity of the gates in addition to their logic functionality is obfuscated. We argue that this aspect of obfuscation is of great importance in practice and that there are many interesting open research questions related to this.
Effects on the radiation characteristics of using a corrugated reflector with a helical antenna and an electromagnetic band-gap reflector with a spiral antenna

An axial-mode helical antenna backed by a perfect electric conductor (PEC reflector) is optimized to radiate a circularly polarized (CP) wave, using the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTDM). After the optimization, the PEC reflector is replaced with a corrugated reflector. The effects of the corrugated reflector on the current distribution along the helical arm and the radiation pattern are investigated. A reduction in the backward radiation is attributed to the reduction in the current flowing over the rear surface of the corrugated reflector. A spiral antenna backed by a PEC reflector of finite extent is also analyzed using the FDTDM. As the antenna height decreases, the reverse current toward the feed point increases, resulting in deterioration of the axial ratio. To overcome this deterioration, the PEC reflector is replaced with an electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) reflector composed of mushroom-like elements. Analysis reveals that the spiral radiates a CP wave even when the spiral is located close to the reflector (0.06 wavelength above the EBG surface). The input impedance for the EBG reflector is more stable over a wide frequency band than that for the PEC reflector.
The Verb Phrase in English: Nominalizing the verb phrase in academic science writing

One of the most distinctive linguistic characteristics of modern academic writing is its reliance on nominalized structures. These include nouns that have been morphologically derived from verbs (e.g., development, progression) as well as verbs that have been ‘converted’ to nouns (e.g., increase, use). Almost any sentence taken from an academic research article will illustrate the use of such structures. For example, consider the opening sentences from three education research articles; derived nominalizations are underlined and converted nouns given in italics: 1
SparkBench: a comprehensive benchmarking suite for in memory data analytic platform Spark

Spark has been increasingly adopted by industries in recent years for big data analysis by providing a fault tolerant, scalable and easy-to-use in memory abstraction. Moreover, the community has been actively developing a rich ecosystem around Spark, making it even more attractive. However, there is not yet a Spark specify benchmark existing in the literature to guide the development and cluster deployment of Spark to better fit resource demands of user applications. In this paper, we present SparkBench, a Spark specific benchmarking suite, which includes a comprehensive set of applications. SparkBench covers four main categories of applications, including machine learning, graph computation, SQL query and streaming applications. We also characterize the resource consumption, data flow and timing information of each application and evaluate the performance impact of a key configuration parameter to guide the design and optimization of Spark data analytic platform.
Low power dual matchline ternary content addressable memory

Content addressable memories (CAMs) are very attractive for high-speed table lookups in modern network systems. This paper presents a low-power dual match line (ML) ternary CAM (TCAM) to address the power consumption issue of CAMs. The highly capacitive ML is divided into two segments to reduce the active capacitance and hence the power. We analyze possible cases of mismatches and demonstrate a significant reduction in power (up to 43%) for a small penalty in search speed (4%).
Dynamic Humanoid Locomotion: A Scalable Formulation for HZD Gait Optimization

Hybrid zero dynamics (HZD) has emerged as a popular framework for dynamic walking but has significant implementation difficulties when applied to the high degrees of freedom humanoids. The primary impediment is the process of gait design—it is difficult for optimizers to converge on a viable set of virtual constraints defining a gait. This paper presents a methodology that allows for fast and reliable generation of dynamic robotic walking gaits through the HZD framework, even in the presence of underactuation. Specifically, we describe an optimization formulation that builds upon the novel combination of HZD and direct collocation methods. Furthermore, achieving a scalable implementation required developing a defect-variable substitution formulation to simplify expressions, which ultimately allows us to generate compact analytic Jacobians of the constraints. We experimentally validate our methodology on an underactuated humanoid, DURUS, a spring-legged machine designed to facilitate energy-economical walking. We show that the optimization approach, in concert with the HZD framework, yields dynamic and stable walking gaits in hardware with a total electrical cost of transport of 1.33.
The Impact of Globalization Determinants and the Health of the World ’ s Population

Since the late 1970s, globalization has become a phenomenon that has elicited polarizing responses from scholars, politicians, activists, and the business community. Several scholars and activists, such as labor unions, see globalization as an anti-democratic movement that would weaken the nation-state in favor of the great powers. There is no doubt that globalization, no matter how it is defined, is here to stay, and is causing major changes on the globe. Given the rapid proliferation of advances in technology, communication, means of production, and transportation, globalization is a challenge to health and well-being worldwide. On an international level, the average human lifespan is increasing primarily due to advances in medicine and technology. The trends are a reflection of increasing health care demands along with the technological advances needed to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease (IOM, 1997). Along with this increase in longevity comes the concern of finding commonalities in the treatment of health disparities for all people. In a seminal work by Friedman (2005), it is posited that the connecting of knowledge into a global network will result in eradication of most of the healthcare translational barriers we face today. Since healthcare is a knowledge-driven profession, it is reasonable to presume that global healthcare will become more than just a buzzword. This chapter looks at all aspects or components of globalization but focuses specifically on how the movement impacts the health of the people and the nations of the world. The authors propose to use the concept of health as a measuring stick of the claims made on behalf of globalization.
Compilation for a high-performance systolic array

We report on a compiler for Warp, a high-performance systolic array developed at Carnegie Mellon. This compiler enhances the usefulness of Warp significantly and allows application programmers to code substantial algorithms.
The compiler combines a novel programming model, which is based on a model of skewed computation for the array, with powerful optimization techniques. Programming in W2 (the language accepted by the compiler) is orders of magnitude easier than coding in microcode, the only alternative available previously.
Multiple DG allocation by crow search algorithm for power loss reduction

This paper proposes a new meta-heuristic method for optimal sizing of distributed generator (DG). The objective of this paper is to reduce power losses and to improve voltage profile of the radial distribution network by placing multiple distributed generators at optimal locations. Analytical expressions are used in solving this paper for setting up of DG. In this study, Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) is used for optimal sizing of distributed generators (DG). CSA is a meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the intelligent behavior of the crows. Crows stores their excess food in different locations and memorizes those locations to retrieve it when it is needed. They follow each other to do thievery to obtain better food source. This analysis is tested on IEEE 33 bus and IEEE 69 bus under MATLAB environment and the results are compared with the results of Improved analytical (IA) method and identified that percentage loss reduction in crow search algorithm is more than the percentage loss reduction in improved analytical method.
On-Body Adhesive-Bandage-Like Antenna for Wireless Medical Telemetry Service

This paper presents a novel planar, via-free, printed antenna for wireless medical telemetry service (WMTS). The antenna structure is simple and looks like an adhesive bandage, and can be placed on human tissue. Depending on the application, the antenna can be used as a standalone antenna when it is fed by a coaxial cable, or it can be integrated with a single-chip sensor, with the chip placed in the center. Antenna parameters, such as reflection coefficients, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency, and the specific absorption rate, were evaluated in various scenarios to validate the proposed design. The measured radiation efficiency of the proposed adhesive-bandage-like antenna was 89.5% in free space and 44.7% when mounted on tissue-equivalent phantom. The antenna also retained its broad side radiation characteristics when it was bent at 90 °. The proposed antenna is a favorable candidate for use in wireless body area networks (WBANs). This paper presents the detailed design considerations of the proposed antenna.
Resilience of students' passwords against attacks

Passwords are still the predominant mode of authentication in contemporary information systems, despite a long list of problems associated with their insecurity. Their primary advantage is the ease of use and the price of implementation, compared to other systems of authentication (e.g. two-factor, biometry, …). In this paper we present an analysis of passwords used by students of one of universities and their resilience against brute force and dictionary attacks. The passwords were obtained from a university's computing center in plaintext format for a very long period - first passwords were created before 1980. The results show that early passwords are extremely easy to crack: the percentage of cracked passwords is above 95 % for those created before 2006. Surprisingly, more than 40 % of passwords created in 2014 were easily broken within a few hours. The results show that users - in our case students, despite positive trends, still choose easy to break passwords. This work contributes to loud warnings that a shift from traditional password schemes to more elaborate systems is needed.
Quasi-Homography Warps in Image Stitching

The naturalness of warps is gaining extensive attention in image stitching. Recent warps, such as SPHP and AANAP, use global similarity warps to mitigate projective distortion (which enlarges regions); however, they necessarily bring in perspective distortion (which generates inconsistencies). In this paper, we propose a novel quasi-homography warp, which effectively balances the perspective distortion against the projective distortion in the non-overlapping region to create a more natural-looking panorama. Our approach formulates the warp as the solution of a bivariate system, where perspective distortion and projective distortion are characterized as slope preservation and scale linearization, respectively. Because our proposed warp only relies on a global homography, it is thus totally parameter free. A comprehensive experiment shows that a quasi-homography warp outperforms some state-of-the-art warps in urban scenes, including homography, AutoStitch and SPHP. A user study demonstrates that it wins most users’ favor, compared to homography and SPHP.