nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
TG13 diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos).

Since its publication in 2007, the Tokyo Guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis (TG07) have been widely adopted. The validation of TG07 conducted in terms of clinical practice has shown that the diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis are highly reliable but that the definition of definite diagnosis is ambiguous. . These proposed diagnostic criteria provided better specificity and accuracy rates than the TG07 diagnostic criteria. As for the severity assessment criteria in TG07, there is evidence that TG07 resulted in clarification of the concept of severe acute cholecystitis. Furthermore, there is evidence that severity assessment in TG07 has led to a reduction in the mean duration of hospital stay. As for the factors used to establish a moderate grade of acute cholecystitis, such as leukocytosis, ALP, old age, diabetes, being male, and delay in admission, no new strong evidence has been detected indicating that a change in the criteria used in TG07 is needed. Therefore, it was judged that the severity assessment criteria of TG07 could be applied in the updated Tokyo Guidelines (TG13) with minor changes. TG13 presents new standards for the diagnosis, severity grading and management of acute cholecystitis. Free full-text articles and a mobile application of TG13 are available via http://www.jshbps.jp/en/guideline/tg13.html.
This One Simple Trick Disrupts Digital Communities

This paper describes an agent based simulation used to model human actions in belief space, a high-dimensional subset of information space associated with opinions. Using insights from animal collective behavior, we are able to simulate and identify behavior patterns that are similar to nomadic, flocking and stampeding patterns of animal groups. These behaviors have analogous manifestations in human interaction, emerging as solitary explorers, the fashion-conscious, and echo chambers, whose members are only aware of each other. We demonstrate that a small portion of nomadic agents that widely traverse belief space can disrupt a larger population of stampeding agents. We then model the concept of Adversarial Herding, where trolls, adversaries or other bad actors can exploit properties of technologically mediated communication to artificially create self sustaining runaway polarization. We call this condition the Pishkin Effect as it recalls the large scale buffalo stampedes that could be created by native Americans hunters. We then discuss opportunities for system design that could leverage the ability to recognize these negative patterns, and discuss affordances that may disrupt the formation of natural and deliberate echo chambers.
Temperature-Robust LC3 Passive LED Drivers With Low THD, High Efficiency and PF, and Long Life

New passive LED drivers that can reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) significantly by LC parallel resonance are proposed. Using an inductor and three capacitors, called LC3, novel characteristics, such as high power efficiency and power factor (PF) with extremely long life time are achieved. The proposed LED drivers have a temperature-robust characteristic, because their power is hardly changed by temperature. By selecting the number of LEDs in series ns appropriately, the LED power variation caused by temperature change in LED can be zero. For the universal use of the proposed LED drivers in various countries with different frequencies, circuit configurations applicable to 50/60 Hz are proposed. To analyze the LED power and PF of the proposed LED driver, the phasor transformation was, for the first time, applied to nonlinear diode rectifier modeling. Although the proposed LED driver is a nonlinear switching circuit, the proposed analyses matched well with simulation and experimental results. A prototype LED driver showed a very high power efficiency of 95.2% at 70 W, meeting PF and THD regulations for source voltage variation of ±6% of 220 V, even when a reasonably small number of filters were used.
Factors influencing survival in high-grade gliomas.

Multivariate analyses have consistently identified a number of patient, tumor, and treatment variables that are significant prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with high-grade glioma. Age, performance status, mental status, tumor grade and histology, and extent of surgical resection are among the most significant prognostic factors influencing survival. Recently, we showed that normal versus abnormal baseline Folstein mini-mental status examination score is a significant prognostic factor in younger patients (age </=42), suggesting that mental status may be a more important determinant of clinical outcome than physical functioning in patients with high-grade glioma. Among tumor variables, tumor grade and histology appear to have the greatest effect on survival. A recursive partitioning analysis of three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trials showed that among patients under 50 years of age, astrocytoma with anaplastic or atypical foci was associated with significantly improved survival compared with glioblastoma. An oligodendroglial component was also associated with improved survival in patients with grade 3 astrocytoma. In addition, combined loss of chromosome arms 1p and 19q is associated with improved chemosensitivity and overall survival in patients with pure oligodendroglioma. Among the treatment variables tested, extent of resection appears to be the most consistent prognostic factor. Gross total resection is associated with significantly improved survival compared with biopsy only. These models are capable of grouping patients into distinct prognostic subgroups with median survivals ranging from less than 5 to more than 50 months and thus provide useful information for future clinical trial design.
The development of a measure of job satisfaction for use in monitoring the morale of community nurses in four trusts.

The development of the Measure of Job Satisfaction (MJS) for use in a longitudinal study of the morale of community nurses in four trusts is described. The review of previous studies focuses on the use of principal component analysis or factor analysis in the development of measures. The MJS was developed from a bank of items culled from the literature and from discussions with key informants. It was mailed to a one in three sample of 723 members of the community nursing forums of the Royal College of Nursing. A 72% response rate was obtained from those eligible for inclusion. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation led to the identification of five dimensions of job satisfaction; Personal Satisfaction, Satisfaction with Workload, Satisfaction with Professional Support, Satisfaction with Pay and Prospects and Satisfaction with Training. These factors form the basis of five subscales of satisfaction which summate to give an Overall Job Satisfaction score. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent and discriminatory validity were assessed and were found to be satisfactory. The factor structure was replicated using data obtained from the first three of the community trusts involved in the main study. The limitations of the study and issues which require further exploration are identified and discussed.
Yield and speed optimization of a latch-type voltage sense amplifier

A quantitative yield analysis of a latch-type voltage sense amplifier with a high-impedance differential input stage is presented. It investigates the impact of supply voltage, input DC level, transistor sizing, and temperature on the input offset voltage. The input DC level turns out to be most significant. Also, an analytical expression for the sensing delay is derived which shows low sensitivity on the input DC bias voltage. A figure of merit indicates that an input dc level of 0.7 V/sub DD/ is optimal regarding speed and yield. Experimental results in 130-nm CMOS technology confirm that the yield can be significantly improved by lowering the input DC voltage to about 70% of the supply voltage. Thereby, the offset standard deviation decreases from 19 to 8.5 mV without affecting the delay.
A dual frequency microstrip patch antenna for high-precision GPS applications

Since the Global Positioning System (GPS) was launched, significant progress has been made in GPS receiver technology but the multipath error remains an unsolved problem. As solutions based on signal processing are not adequate, the most effective approach to discriminate between direct and multipath waves is to specify new and more restrictive criteria in the design of the receiving antenna. An innovative low profile, lightweight dual band (L1+L2) GPS radiator with a high multipath-rejection capability is presented. The proposed solution has been realized by two stacked shorted annular elliptical patch antennas. In what follows, a detailed account of the design process and antenna performances is given, presenting both simulated and experimental results.
Audio-haptic feedback in mobile phones

A new breed of mobile phones has been designed to enable concurrent vibration and audio stimulation, or audio-haptics. This paper aims to share techniques for creating and optimizing audio-haptic effects to enhance the user interface.The authors present audio manipulation techniques specific to the multifunction transducer (MFT) technology. In particular two techniques, the Haptic Inheritance and Synthesis and Matching methods are discussed. These two methods of haptic media generation allow simple creation of vibration content, and also allow for compatibility with non-haptic mobile devices.The authors present preliminary results of an evaluation of 42 participants comparing audio-based haptic user interface (UI) feedback with audio-only feedback. The results show that users were receptive to audio-haptic UI feedback. The results also suggest that audio-haptics seems to enhance the perception of audio quality.
A Performance Study of CPRI over Ethernet with IEEE 802.1Qbu and 802.1Qbv Enhancements

There has been a debate on whether or not Ethernet, a highly cost effective technology, could meet the stringent latency and jitter requirements imposed by CPRI. To facilitate the discussion, we conducted simulations to understand how Ethernet performs when carrying CPRI traffic with the two Ethernet enhancements, currently being standardized by IEEE, namely frame preemption (802.1Qbu) and scheduled traffic (802.1Qbv). Our simulation results led to two conclusions: 1) Ethernet networks with or without frame preemption, regardless of being shared or dedicated to CPRI traffic, can not meet the CPRI jitter requirement of 8:138 ns, confirming a widely hold belief; 2) Ethernet with the enhancement of scheduled traffic in conjunction with a well defined scheduling algorithm could significantly lower or even completely remove jitter thus could meet CPRI jitter requirement. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is among the first to study the performance of Ethernet with IEEE 802.1Qbu and 802.1Qbv enhancements and to demonstrate by simulation that Ethernet with scheduled traffic could meet CPRI jitter requirement.
Zygotic embryogenesis versus somatic embryogenesis

This review will summarize molecular and genetic analyses aimed at identifying the mechanisms underlying the sequence of events during plant zygotic embryogenesis. These events are being studied in parallel with the histological and morphological analyses of somatic embryogenesis. The strength and limitations of somatic embryogenesis as a model system will be discussed briefly. The formation of the zygotic embryo has been described in some detail, but the molecular mechanisms controlling the differentiation of the various cell types are not understood. In recent years plant molecular and genetic studies have led to the identification and characterization of genes controlling the establishment of polarity, tissue differentiation and elaboration of patterns during embryo development. An investigation of the developmental basis of a number of mutant phenotypes has enabled the identification of gene activities promoting (1) asymmetric cell division and polarization leading to heterogeneous partitioning of the cytoplasmic determinants necessary for the initiation of embryogenesis (e.g. GNOM), (2) the determination of the apical-basal organization which is established independently of the differentiation of the tissues of the radial pattern elements (e.g. KNOLLE, FACKEL, ZWILLE), (3) the differentiation of meristems (e.g. SHOOT-MERISTEMLESS), and (4) the formation of a mature embryo characterized by the accumulation of LEA and storage proteins. The accumulation of these two types of proteins is controlled by ABA-dependent regulatory mechanisms as shown using both ABA-deficient and ABA-insensitive mutants (e.g. ABA, ABI3). Both types of embryogenesis have been studied by different techniques and common features have been identified between them. In spite of the relative difficulty of identifying the original cells involved in the developmental processes of somatic embryogenesis, common regulatory mechanisms are probably involved in the first stages up to the globular form. Signal molecules, such as growth regulators, have been shown to play a role during development of both types of embryos. The most promising method for identifying regulatory mechanisms responsible for the key events of embryogenesis will come from molecular and genetic analyses. The mutations already identified will shed light on the nature of the genes that affect developmental processes as well as elucidating the role of the various regulatory genes that control plant embryogenesis.
Abnormal gesture recognition based on multi-model fusion strategy

In this paper, we present a novel refined fused model combining masked Res-C3D network and skeleton LSTM for abnormal gesture recognition in RGB-D videos. The key to our design is to learn discriminative representations of gesture sequences in particular abnormal gesture samples by fusing multiple features from different models. First, deep spatiotemporal features are well extracted by 3D convolutional neural networks with residual architecture (Res-C3D). As gestures are mainly derived from the arm or hand movements, a masked Res-C3D network is built to decrease the effect of background and other variations via exploiting the skeleton of the body to reserve arm regions with discarding other regions. And then, relative positions and angles of different key points are extracted and used to build a time-series model by long short-term memory network (LSTM). Based the above representations, a fusion scheme for blending classification results and remedy model disadvantage by abnormal gesture via a weight fusion layer is developed, in which the weights of each voting sub-classifier being advantage to a certain class in our ensemble model are adaptively obtained by training in place of fixed weights. Our experimental results show that the proposed method can distinguish the abnormal gesture samples effectively and achieve the state-of-the-art performance in the IsoGD dataset.
Three Options Are Optimal for Multiple-Choice Items : A Meta-Analysis of 80 Years of Research

Multiple-choice items are a mainstay of achievement testing. The need to adequately cover the content domain to certify achievement proficiency by producing meaningful precise scores requires many high-quality items. More 3-option items can be administered than 4or 5-option items per testing time while improving content coverage, without detrimental effects on psychometric quality of test scores. Researchers have endorsed 3-option items for over 80 years with empirical evidence—the results of which have been synthesized in an effort to unify this endorsement and encourage its adoption.
Dance motion pattern planning for K. Mei as dancing humanoid robot

As continuation of our last research about dancing humanoid robot in 33 degree of freedom, in this paper we describe how to build dance pattern planning of Indonesia traditional dance movement in complete degree of freedom. We discuss the primitive pose in that commonly happened in traditional dance and build the transition pattern among the pose. The motion pattern method between the poses is based on the ability of robot to reach zero moment point position, and also the system to synchronize timing for dance motion is built. In this research zero moment point is our most concern problem because the worst thing in humanoid research is when the robot cannot maintain the balance itself. The computation considers that the zero moment point stays in a support polygon area.
A Component-Based Dual Decomposition Method for the OPF Problem

This paper proposes a component-based dual decomposition of the nonconvex AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem, where the modified dual function is solved in a distributed fashion. The main contribution of this work is that is demonstrates that a distributed method with carefully tuned parameters can converge to globally optimal solutions despite the inherent nonconvexity of the problem and the absence of theoretical guarantees of convergence. This paper is the first to conduct extensive numerical analysis resulting in the identification and tabulation of the algorithmic parameter settings that are crucial for the convergence of the method on 72 AC OPF test instances. Moreover, this work provides a deeper insight into the geometry of the modified Lagrange dual function of the OPF problem and highlights the conditions that make this function differentiable. This numerical demonstration of convergence coupled with the scalability and the privacy preserving nature of the proposed method makes it well suited for smart grid applications such as multi-period OPF with demand response (DR) and security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) with contingency constraints and multiple transmission system operators (TSOs).
User analysis in HCI - the historical lessons from individual differences research

User analysis is a crucial aspect of user-centered systems design, yet Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has yet to formulate reliable and valid characterizations of users beyond gross distinctions based on task and experience. Individual differences research from mainstream psychology has identified a stable set of characteristics that would appear to offer potential application in the HCI arena. Furthermore, in its evolution over the last 100 years, research on individual differences has faced many of the problems of theoretical status and applicability that is common to HCI. In the present paper the relationship between work in cognitive and differential psychology and current analyses of users in HCI is examined. It is concluded that HCI could gain significant predictive power if individual differences research was related to the analysis of users in contemporary systems design.
Hominins and the emergence of the modern human brain.

Evidence used to reconstruct the morphology and function of the brain (and the rest of the central nervous system) in fossil hominin species comes from the fossil and archeological records. Although the details provided about human brain evolution are scarce, they benefit from interpretations informed by interspecific comparative studies and, in particular, human pathology studies. In recent years, new information has come to light about fossil DNA and ontogenetic trajectories, for which pathology research has significant implications. We briefly describe and summarize data from the paleoarcheological and paleoneurological records about the evolution of fossil hominin brains, including behavioral data most relevant to brain research. These findings are brought together to characterize fossil hominin taxa in terms of brain structure and function and to summarize brain evolution in the human lineage.
Additional injuries in young infants with concern for abuse and apparently isolated bruises.

To determine the prevalence of additional injuries or bleeding disorders in a large population of young infants evaluated for abuse because of apparently isolated bruising.



This was a prospectively planned secondary analysis of an observational study of children<10 years (120 months) of age evaluated for possible physical abuse by 20 US child abuse teams. This analysis included infants<6 months of age with apparently isolated bruising who underwent diagnostic testing for additional injuries or bleeding disorders.



Among 2890 children, 33.9% (980/2890) were <6 months old, and 25.9% (254/980) of these had bruises identified. Within this group, 57.5% (146/254) had apparently isolated bruises at presentation. Skeletal surveys identified new injury in 23.3% (34/146), neuroimaging identified new injury in 27.4% (40/146), and abdominal injury was identified in 2.7% (4/146). Overall, 50% (73/146) had at least one additional serious injury. Although testing for bleeding disorders was performed in 70.5% (103/146), no bleeding disorders were identified. Ultimately, 50% (73/146) had a high perceived likelihood of abuse.



Infants younger than 6 months of age with bruising prompting subspecialty consultation for abuse have a high risk of additional serious injuries. Routine medical evaluation for young infants with bruises and concern for physical abuse should include physical examination, skeletal survey, neuroimaging, and abdominal injury screening.
Recommended confidence intervals for two independent binomial proportions.

The relationship between two independent binomial proportions is commonly estimated and presented using the difference between proportions, the number needed to treat, the ratio of proportions or the odds ratio. Several different confidence intervals are available, but they can produce markedly different results. Some of the traditional approaches, such as the Wald interval for the difference between proportions and the Katz log interval for the ratio of proportions, do not perform well unless the sample size is large. Better intervals are available. This article describes and compares approximate and exact confidence intervals that are - with one exception - easy to calculate or available in common software packages. We illustrate the performances of the intervals and make recommendations for both small and moderate-to-large sample sizes.
Electromagnetic field analysis of 3D structure of axial-flux solid-rotor induction motor

This paper discusses experience in applying time harmonic three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis in analyzing an axial-flux (AF) solid-rotor induction motor (IM). The motor is a single rotor - single stator AF IM. The construction presented in this paper has not been analyzed before in any technical documents. The field analysis and the comparison of torque calculation results of the 3D calculations with measured torque results are presented