nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Saturated Fat: Part of a Healthy Diet.

Despite the American public following recommendations to decrease absolute dietary fat intake and specifically decrease saturated fat intake, we have seen a dramatic rise over the past 40 years in the rates of non-communicable diseases associated with obesity and overweight, namely cardiovascular disease. The development of the diet-heart hypothesis in the mid twentieth century led to faulty but long-held beliefs that dietary intake of saturated fat led to heart disease. Saturated fat can lead to increased LDL cholesterol levels, and elevated plasma cholesterol levels have been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, the correlative nature of their association does not assign causation.



Advances in understanding the role of various lipoprotein particles and their atherogenic risk have been helpful for understanding how different dietary components may impact CVD risk. Numerous meta-analyses and systematic reviews of both the historical and current literature reveals that the diet-heart hypothesis was not, and still is not, supported by the evidence. There appears to be no consistent benefit to all-cause or CVD mortality from the reduction of dietary saturated fat. Further, saturated fat has been shown in some cases to have an inverse relationship with obesity-related type 2 diabetes. Rather than focus on a single nutrient, the overall diet quality and elimination of processed foods, including simple carbohydrates, would likely do more to improve CVD and overall health. It is in the best interest of the American public to clarify dietary guidelines to recognize that dietary saturated fat is not the villain we once thought it was.
CADLens: Haptic Feedback for Navigating in 3D Environments

CADLens is a tangible input device with haptic feedback for navigating three dimensional Computer-Aided Design (CAD) environments. CADLens is intended to provide more intuitive controls with a low barrier of entry for first time or less experienced CAD users. Navigation in the CAD environment is possible through manipulating the physical controller with guidance provided through haptic force feedback. In CAD environments, a common viewport used by designers is the perspective viewport camera - CADLens represents the virtual camera position through its synchronized physical form which the user can move, zoom, and rotate. We conducted a study with 10 users in which participants were asked to complete navigation tasks using a model of a building. Users were able to successfully complete the navigation tasks and through contextual interviews provided feedback for system improvements.
Aiming at a Moving Target: IT Alignment in Toy Companies

For global companies that compete in high-velocity industries, business strategies and initiatives change rapidly, and thus the CIO struggles to keep the IT organization aligned with a moving target. In this paper we report on research-in-progress that focuses on how the CIO attempts to meet this challenge. Specifically, we are conducting case studies to closely examine how toy industry CIOs develop their IT organizations’ assets, competencies, and dynamic capabilities in alignment with their companies’ evolving strategy and business priorities (which constitute the “moving target”). We have chosen to study toy industry CIOs, because their companies compete in a global, high-velocity environment, yet this industry has been largely overlooked by the information systems research community. Early findings reveal that four IT application areas are seen as holding strong promise: supply chain management, knowledge management, data mining, and eCommerce, and that toy CIO’s are attempting to both cope with and capitalize on the current financial crisis by more aggressively pursuing offshore outsourcing than heretofore. We conclude with a discussion of next steps as the study proceeds.
Multi-Source Domain Adaptation with Mixture of Experts

We propose a mixture-of-experts approach for unsupervised domain adaptation from multiple sources. The key idea is to explicitly capture the relationship between a target example and different source domains. This relationship, expressed by a point-to-set metric, determines how to combine predictors trained on various domains. The metric is learned in an unsupervised fashion using metatraining. Experimental results on sentiment analysis and part-of-speech tagging demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms multiple baselines and can robustly handle negative
A Nonlinear Generalization of Spectral Granger Causality

Spectral measures of linear Granger causality have been widely applied to study the causal connectivity between time series data in neuroscience, biology, and economics. Traditional Granger causality measures are based on linear autoregressive with exogenous (ARX) inputs models of time series data, which cannot truly reveal nonlinear effects in the data especially in the frequency domain. In this study, it is shown that the classical Geweke's spectral causality measure can be explicitly linked with the output spectra of corresponding restricted and unrestricted time-domain models. The latter representation is then generalized to nonlinear bivariate signals and for the first time nonlinear causality analysis in the frequency domain. This is achieved by using the nonlinear ARX (NARX) modeling of signals, and decomposition of the recently defined output frequency response function which is related to the NARX model.
Developer Experience with the Django Web Framework

Web frameworks involve many aspects, e.g., forms, model, testing, and migration. Developers differ in terms of their per-aspect experience. We describe a methodology for the identification of relevant aspects of a web app framework, measurement of experience atoms per developer and per aspect based on the commit history of actual projects, and the compilation of developer profiles for summarizing the relevance of different aspects and the developers’ contribution to the project. Measurement relies on a rule-based language. Our case study is concerned with the Pythonbased Django web app framework and the open source Django-Oscar project from which experience atoms were extracted.
Accurate and Efficient Stochastic Computing Hardware for Convolutional Neural Networks

This paper presents an efficient unipolar stochastic computing hardware for convolutional neural networks (CNNs). It includes stochastic ReLU and optimized max function, which are key components in a CNN. To avoid the range limitation problem of stochastic numbers and increase the signal-to-noise ratio, we perform weight normalization and upscaling. In addition, to reduce the overhead of binary-to-stochastic conversion, we propose a scheme for sharing stochastic number generators among the neurons in a CNN. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the previous ones based on stochastic computing in terms of accuracy, area, and energy consumption.
Virtual Resource Allocation for Heterogeneous Services in Full Duplex-Enabled SCNs With Mobile Edge Computing and Caching

In the area of full duplex (FD) enabled small cell networks (SCNs), only limited works have been done on the consideration of mobile edge computing (MEC) and caching. In this paper, a virtual FD-enabled SCN framework with MEC and caching is investigated for two kinds of heterogeneous services, high-data-rate service and computation-sensitive service. In our proposed framework, content caching and FD communication are jointly considered to provide high-data-rate service without the cost of backhaul resource. And computation-sensitive service is offloaded to MEC, guaranteeing the delay requirement of users. From the view point of heterogeneous services, we formulate a virtual resource allocation problem, in which quality of experience of users and corresponding resource consumption are recognized as system revenue and cost, respectively. Particularly, user association, power control and resources (including spectrum, caching, and computing) allocation are jointly considered. Since the optimized problem is nonconvex, necessary variable relaxation and reformulation are conducted to transfer the original problem to a convex problem. Furthermore, alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm is adopted to obtain the optimal solution with low computation complexity. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted with different system parameter configurations to verify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
A Direct Least-Squares Solution to the PnP Problem with Unknown Focal Length

In this work, we propose a direct least-squares solution to the perspective-n-point (PnP) pose estimation problem of a partially uncalibrated camera, whose intrinsic parameters except the focal length are known. The basic idea is to construct a proper objective function with respect to the target variables and extract all its stationary points so as to find the global minimum. The advantages of our proposed solution over existing ones are that (i) the objective function is directly built upon the imaging equation, such that all the 3D-to-2D correspondences contribute equally to the minimized error, and that (ii) the proposed solution is noniterative, in the sense that the stationary points are retrieved by means of eigenvalue factorization and the common iterative refinement step is not needed. In addition, the proposed solution has O(n) complexity, and can be used to handle both planar and nonplanar 3D points. Experimental results show that the proposed solution is much more accurate than the existing state-of-the-art solutions, and is even comparable to the maximum likelihood estimation by minimizing the reprojection error.
Networks of Self-Adaptive Dynamical Systems THÈSE

Julio Rodriguez∗ Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Ingénieur (STI), Institut de Microtechnique (IMT), Laboratoire de Production Microtechnique (LPM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland and Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany ∗Corresponding author.
A 0.5V 2.2pW 2-transistor voltage reference

A voltage reference using a depletion-mode device is designed in a 0.13µm CMOS process and achieves ultra-low power consumption and sub-1V operation without sacrificing temperature and supply voltage insensitivity. Measurements show a temperature coefficient of 19.4ppm/° (3.4 µV/°), line sensitivity of 0.033%/V, power supply rejection ratio of−67dB, and power consumption of 2.2pW. It requires only two devices and functions down to V<inf>dd</inf>=0.5V with an area of 1350µm<sup>2</sup>. A variant for higher Vout is also demonstrated.
Jordan Baker , Gender Dissent , and Homosexual Passing in The Great Gatsby

Jordan Baker instinctively avoided clever shrewd men . . . because she felt safer on a plane where any divergence from a code would be thought impossible. She was incurably dishonest. She wasn’t able to endure being at a disadvantage, and given this unwillingness I suppose she had begun dealing in subterfuges when she was very young in order to keep that cool insolent smile turned to the world and yet satisfy the demands of her hard jaunty body. --F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (63)
Methods for chatbot detection in distributed text-based communications

Distributed text-based communications (e.g., chat, instant-messaging) are facing the growing problem of malicious “chatbots” or “chatterbots” (automated communication programs posing as humans) attempting social engineering, gathering intelligence, mounting phishing attacks, spreading malware and spam, and threatening the usability and security of collaborative communication platforms. We provide supporting evidence for the suggestion that gross communication and behavioral patterns (e.g., message size, inter-message delays) can be used to passively distinguish between humans and chatbots. Further, we discuss several potential interrogation strategies for users and chat room administrators who may need to actively distinguish between a human and a chatbot, quickly and reliably, during distributed communication sessions. Interestingly, these issues are in many ways analogous to the identification problem faced by interrogators in a Turing Test, and the proposed methods and strategies might find application to and inspiration from this topic as well.
Building equitable computer science classrooms: elements of a teaching approach

This paper offers a framework for equitable instruction that emerged while designing a computer science course for students entering the sixth grade. Leveraging research from a range of fields, including sociology, mathematics education, and the learning sciences, we argue that in addition to material resources, such as rich course content and quality instruction, equity also depends on students' access to non-material resources, such as productive domain identities and peer relationships. We illustrate each dimension of the framework by describing in detail a core set of pedagogical practices implemented during a summer course.
A Tunable RF Front-End With Narrowband Antennas for Mobile Devices

In conventional full-duplex radio communication systems, the transmitter (Tx) is active at the same time as the receiver (Rx). The isolation between the Tx and the Rx is ensured by duplex filters. However, an increasing number of long-term evolution (LTE) bands crave multiband operation. Therefore, a new front-end architecture, addressing the increasing number of LTE bands, as well as multiple standards, is presented. In such an architecture, the Tx and Rx chains are separated throughout the front-end. Addition of bands is solved by making the antennas and filters tunable. Banks of duplex filters are replaced by tunable filters and antennas, providing a duplexer function over the air between the Tx and the Rx. A hardware system has been designed and fabricated to demonstrate the performance of this front-end architecture. Measurements demonstrate how the architecture addresses inter-modulation and Rx desensitization due to the Tx signal. The filters and antennas demonstrate tunability across multiple bands. System validation is detailed for LTE band I. Frequency response, as well as linearity measurements of the complete Tx and Rx front-end chains, show that the system requirements are fulfilled.
Tracked Without a Trace: Linking Sessions of Users by Unsupervised Learning of Patterns in Their DNS Traffic

Behavior-based tracking is an unobtrusive technique that allows observers to monitor user activities on the Internet over long periods of time -- in spite of changing IP addresses. Previous work has employed supervised classifiers in order to link the sessions of individual users. However, classifiers need labeled training sessions, which are difficult to obtain for observers. In this paper we show how this limitation can be overcome with an unsupervised learning technique. We present a modified k-means algorithm and evaluate it on a realistic dataset that contains the Domain Name System (DNS) queries of 3,862 users. For this purpose, we simulate an observer that tries to track all users, and an Internet Service Provider that assigns a different IP address to every user on every day. The highest tracking accuracy is achieved within the subgroup of highly active users. Almost all sessions of 73% of the users in this subgroup can be linked over a period of 56 days. 19% of the highly active users can be traced completely, i.e., all their sessions are assigned to a single cluster. This fraction increases to 40% for shorter periods of seven days. As service providers may engage in behavior-based tracking to complement their existing profiling efforts, it constitutes a severe privacy threat for users of online services. Users can defend against behavior-based tracking by changing their IP address frequently, but this is cumbersome at the moment.
Hot-Carrier Photoemission in Scaled CMOS Technologies: A Challenge for Emission Based Testing and Diagnostics

Optical testing of advanced CMOS circuits successfully exploits the near-infrared photon emission by hot-carriers in transistor channels (see EMMI (Ng et al., 1999) and PICA (Kash and Tsang, 1997) (Song et al., 2005) techniques). However, due to the continuous scaling of features size and supply voltage, spontaneous emission is becoming fainter and optical circuit diagnostics becomes more challenging. Here we present the experimental characterization of hot-carrier luminescence emitted by transistors in four CMOS technologies from two different manufacturers. Aim of the research is to gain a better perspective on emission trends and dependences on technological parameters. In particular, we identify luminescence changes due to short-channel effects (SCE) and we ascertain that, for each technology node, there are two operating regions, for short- and long-channels. We highlight the emission reduction of p-FETs compared to n-FETs, due to a "red-shift" (lower energy) of the hot-carrier distribution. Eventually, we give perspectives about emission trends in actual and future technology nodes, showing that luminescence dramatically decreases with voltage, but it recovers strength when moving from older to more advanced technology generations. Such results extend the applicability of optical testing techniques, based on present single-photon detectors, to future low-voltage chips
Kalman filter MPPT method for a solar inverter

This paper proposes a new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for photovoltaic (PV) systems by using Kalman filter. A Perturbation & Observation (P&O) method is widely used presently due to its easy implementation and simplicity. The P&O usually requires of dithering scheme to reduce noise effects, but it slows the tracking response. Tracking speed is the most important factor on improving efficiency in frequent environmental changes. The proposed method is based on the Kalman filter. It shows the fast tracking performance on noisy conditions, so that enables to generate more power in rapid weather changes than the P&O. Simulation results are provided the comparison between the proposed method and P&O on time responses for conditions of sudden system restart and sudden irradiance change.
Leader-member exchange and affective organizational commitment: the contribution of supervisor's organizational embodiment.

In order to account for wide variation in the relationship between leader-member exchange and employees' affective organizational commitment, we propose a concept termed supervisor's organizational embodiment (SOE), which involves the extent to which employees identify their supervisor with the organization. With samples of 251 social service employees in the United States (Study 1) and 346 employees in multiple Portuguese organizations (Study 2), we found that as SOE increased, the association between leader-member exchange and affective organizational commitment became greater. This interaction carried through to in-role and extra-role performance. With regard to antecedents, we found in Study 1 that supervisor's self-reported identification with the organization increased supervisor's expression of positive statements about the organization, which in turn increased subordinates' SOE.
Investigation of IGBT behavior in DC systems with advanced circuit breaker technology

Certain advancements have been ongoing in power electronics, DC transmission is looking more advantageous than it ever has. Since the application of power converters and advanced circuit breaker technology, distribution, and transmission of DC energy has become increasingly dependable. Some of the motives for the tendency to select direct current circuit breakers (DCCB) for distributed power systems are clear, while some of the other reasons are not so apparent. The purpose of this paper is to communicate the findings of an investigation into basic IGBT switching behavior and the purpose for the choosing of these DC SSCBs for distributed power systems over the standard systems and devices already in place. Here, some General information about circuit breakers is provided. The two main types of circuit breakers for DC systems are discussed, though there are some other types that exist, we focus on these two types, electromechanical and solid state with preference given to the solid state. The advantages of Solid State circuit breakers are discussed. A mathematical model of IGBT has been conducted and discussed. The last thing outlined in the paper is a section about simulation results and analysis of the IGBT.
Mechanism of meningeal invasion by Neisseria meningitidis

The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier physiologically protects the meningeal spaces from blood-borne bacterial pathogens, due to the existence of specialized junctional interendothelial complexes. Few bacterial pathogens are able to reach the subarachnoidal space and among those, Neisseria meningitidis is the one that achieves this task the most constantly when present in the bloodstream. Meningeal invasion is a consequence of a tight interaction of meningococci with brain endothelial cells. This interaction, mediated by the type IV pili, is responsible for the formation of microcolonies on the apical surface of the cells. This interaction is followed by the activation of signaling pathways in the host cells leading to the formation of endothelial docking structures resembling those elicited by the interaction of leukocytes with endothelial cells during extravasation. The consequence of these bacterial-induced signaling events is the recruitment of intercellular junction components in the docking structure and the subsequent opening of the intercellular junctions.
Model-Driven Development of Web Applications with UWA, MVC and JavaServer Faces

This paper presents a model-driven approach to the development of web applications based on the Ubiquitous Web Application (UWA) design framework, the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern and the JavaServer Faces technology. The approach combines a complete and robust methodology for the user-centered conceptual design of web applications with the MVC metaphor, which improves separation of business logic and data presentation. The proposed approach, by carrying the advantages of ModelDriven Development (MDD) and user-centered design, produces Web applications which are of high quality from the user's point of view and easier to maintain and evolve.
Speed analysis for three driving modules of an in-pipe inspection robots for passing through bent pipes

To enable an in-pipe inspection robot with three driving modules to pass through bent pipes, the speed of each module needs to be calculated for steering. A simple method for finding this speed is based on kinematics (the relationship between the modules' speeds and the robot's target motion). However, the robot's target motion in a bent pipe is not yet clarified and previous studies have only considered the case where the robot is completely inside the bent pipe. In this paper, the transition of the robot's speeds during the whole process - moving through a bent pipe from one straight pipe to another - is analyzed.