nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A wideband differential microstrip-to-waveguide transition at W-band

A W-band inline transition between differential microstrip lines and a rectangular waveguide is presented. It is based on finlines on an ultrathin liquid crystal polymer substrate inserted in a WR10-waveguide. The designs are presented and the performance of the transitions is evaluated in simulation and measurements. The back-to-back measurement results show good agreement with simulation and exhibit less than 1.6 dB insertion loss and more than 8 dB return loss over the whole W-band.
A Novel EA-based Memetic Approach for Efficiently Mapping Complex Fitness Landscapes

Recent work in computational structural biology focuses on modeling intrinsically dynamic proteins important to human biology and health. The energy landscapes of these proteins are rich in minima that correspond to alternative structures with which a dynamic protein binds to molecular partners in the cell. On such landscapes, evolutionary algorithms that switch their objective from classic optimization to mapping are more informative of protein structure function relationships. While techniques for mapping energy landscapes have been developed in computational chemistry and physics, protein landscapes are more difficult for mapping due to their high dimensionality and multimodality. In this paper, we describe a memetic evolutionary algorithm that is capable of efficiently mapping complex landscapes. In conjunction with a hall of fame mechanism, the algorithm makes use of a novel, lineage- and neighborhood-aware local search procedure or better exploration and mapping of complex landscapes. We evaluate the algorithm on several benchmark problems and demonstrate the superiority of the novel local search mechanism. In addition, we illustrate its effectiveness in mapping the complex multimodal landscape of an intrinsically dynamic protein important to human health.
A five-year study of file-system metadata

For five years, we collected annual snapshots of file-system metadata from over 60,000 Windows PC file systems in a large corporation. In this article, we use these snapshots to study temporal changes in file size, file age, file-type frequency, directory size, namespace structure, file-system population, storage capacity and consumption, and degree of file modification. We present a generative model that explains the namespace structure and the distribution of directory sizes. We find significant temporal trends relating to the popularity of certain file types, the origin of file content, the way the namespace is used, and the degree of variation among file systems, as well as more pedestrian changes in size and capacities. We give examples of consequent lessons for designers of file systems and related software.
Metabolic Engineering of Bacteria

Metabolic glycoengineering is a technique introduced in the early 90s of the last century by Reutter et al.. It utilises the ability of cells to metabolically convert sugar derivatives with bioorthogonal side chains like azides or alkynes and by that incorporation into several glyco structures. Afterwards, the carbohydrates can be labelled to study their distribution, dynamics and roles in different biological processes. So far many studies were performed on mammal cell lines as well as in small animals. Very recently, bacterial glyco-structures were targeted by glycoengineering, showing promising results in infection prevention by reducing pathogen adhesion towards human epithelial cells.  Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on earth, and are present in most habitats on the planet, e. g., they live in symbiosis with plants and animals. Compared to human cells there are ten times as many bacterial cells in our body. Most of them are harmless or even beneficial. But some species are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases with more than 1.2 million deaths each year . Those infections include cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague as well as respiratory infections like tuberculosis. 1 This article is part of the Proceedings of the Beilstein Glyco-Bioinformatics Symposium 2013. www.proceedings.beilstein-symposia.org Discovering the Subtleties of Sugars June 10 – 14, 2013, Potsdam, Germany
TM4: a free, open-source system for microarray data management and analysis.

White1, J. Li1, W. Liang1, N. Bhagabati1, J. Braisted1, M. Klapa1, T. Currier1, M. Thiagarajan1, A. Sturn1, M. Snuffin2, A. Rezantsev2, D. Popov2, A. Ryltsov2, E. Kostukovich2, I. Borisovsky2, Z. Liu3, A. Vinsavich3, V. Trush3, and J. Quackenbush1,4 1The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD, 2DataNaut, Bethesda, MD, 3Syntek Systems, Bethesda, MD, and 4Department of Biochemistry, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
Simulating the power consumption of large-scale sensor network applications

Developing sensor network applications demands a new set of tools to aid programmers. A number of simulation environments have been developed that provide varying degrees of scalability, realism, and detail for understanding the behavior of sensor networks. To date, however, none of these tools have addressed one of the most important aspects of sensor application design: that of power consumption. While simple approximations of overall power usage can be derived from estimates of node duty cycle and communication rates, these techniques often fail to capture the detailed, low-level energy requirements of the CPU, radio, sensors, and other peripherals.
 In this paper, we present, a scalable simulation environment for wireless sensor networks that provides an accurate, per-node estimate of power consumption. PowerTOSSIM is an extension to TOSSIM, an event-driven simulation environment for TinyOS applications. In PowerTOSSIM, TinyOS components corresponding to specific hardware peripherals (such as the radio, EEPROM, LEDs, and so forth) are instrumented to obtain a trace of each device's activity during the simulation runPowerTOSSIM employs a novel code-transformation technique to estimate the number of CPU cycles executed by each node, eliminating the need for expensive instruction-level simulation of sensor nodes. PowerTOSSIM includes a detailed model of hardware energy consumption based on the Mica2 sensor node platform. Through instrumentation of actual sensor nodes, we demonstrate that PowerTOSSIM provides accurate estimation of power consumption for a range of applications and scales to support very large simulations.
Soluble dietary fibre fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seed improves glucose homeostasis in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes by delaying carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancing insulin action.

Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds have been documented as a traditional plant treatment for diabetes. In the present study, the antidiabetic properties of a soluble dietary fibre (SDF) fraction of T. foenum-graecum were evaluated. Administration of SDF fraction (0 x 5 g/kg body weight) to normal, type 1 or type 2 diabetic rats significantly improved oral glucose tolerance. Total remaining unabsorbed sucrose in the gastrointestinal tract of non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic rats, following oral sucrose loading (2 x 5 g/kg body weight) was significantly increased by T. foenum-graecum (0 x 5 g/kg body weight). The SDF fraction suppressed the elevation of blood glucose after oral sucrose ingestion in both non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic rats. Intestinal disaccharidase activity and glucose absorption were decreased and gastrointestinal motility increased by the SDF fraction. Daily oral administration of SDF to type 2 diabetic rats for 28 d decreased serum glucose, increased liver glycogen content and enhanced total antioxidant status. Serum insulin and insulin secretion were not affected by the SDF fraction. Glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and insulin action were increased by T. foenum-graecum. The present findings indicate that the SDF fraction of T. foenum-graecum seeds exerts antidiabetic effects mediated through inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancement of peripheral insulin action.
On Bitcoin and red balloons

In this letter we present a brief report of our recent research on information distribution mechanisms in networks [Babaioff et al. 2011]. We study scenarios in which all nodes that become aware of the information compete for the same prize, and thus have an incentive not to propagate information.
 Examples of such scenarios include the 2009 DARPA Network Challenge (finding red balloons), and raffles. We give special attention to one application domain, namely Bitcoin, a decentralized electronic currency system. We propose reward schemes that will remedy an incentives problem in Bitcoin in a Sybil-proof manner, with little payment overhead.
Layered RGBD scene flow estimation

As consumer depth sensors become widely available, estimating scene flow from RGBD sequences has received increasing attention. Although the depth information allows the recovery of 3D motion from a single view, it poses new challenges. In particular, depth boundaries are not well-aligned with RGB image edges and therefore not reliable cues to localize 2D motion boundaries. In addition, methods that extend the 2D optical flow formulation to 3D still produce large errors in occlusion regions. To better use depth for occlusion reasoning, we propose a layered RGBD scene flow method that jointly solves for the scene segmentation and the motion. Our key observation is that the noisy depth is sufficient to decide the depth ordering of layers, thereby avoiding a computational bottleneck for RGB layered methods. Furthermore, the depth enables us to estimate a per-layer 3D rigid motion to constrain the motion of each layer. Experimental results on both the Middlebury and real-world sequences demonstrate the effectiveness of the layered approach for RGBD scene flow estimation.
The Hungry Mind: Intellectual Curiosity Is the Third Pillar of Academic Performance.

Over the past century, academic performance has become the gatekeeper to institutions of higher education, shaping career paths and individual life trajectories. Accordingly, much psychological research has focused on identifying predictors of academic performance, with intelligence and effort emerging as core determinants. In this article, we propose expanding on the traditional set of predictors by adding a third agency: intellectual curiosity. A series of path models based on a meta-analytically derived correlation matrix showed that (a) intelligence is the single most powerful predictor of academic performance; (b) the effects of intelligence on academic performance are not mediated by personality traits; (c) intelligence, Conscientiousness (as marker of effort), and Typical Intellectual Engagement (as marker of intellectual curiosity) are direct, correlated predictors of academic performance; and (d) the additive predictive effect of the personality traits of intellectual curiosity and effort rival that the influence of intelligence. Our results highlight that a "hungry mind" is a core determinant of individual differences in academic achievement.
High-fidelity joint drive system by torque feedback control using high precision linear encoder

When robots cooperate with humans it is necessary for robots to move safely on sudden impact. Joint torque sensing is vital for robots to realize safe behavior and enhance physical performance. Firstly, this paper describes a new torque sensor with linear encoders which demonstrates electro magnetic noise immunity and is unaffected temperature changes. Secondly, we propose a friction compensation method using a disturbance observer to improve the positioning accuracy. In addition, we describe a torque feedback control method which scales down the motor inertia and enhances the joint flexibility. Experimental results of the proposed controller are presented.
Voxel Cloud Connectivity Segmentation - Supervoxels for Point Clouds

Unsupervised over-segmentation of an image into regions of perceptually similar pixels, known as super pixels, is a widely used preprocessing step in segmentation algorithms. Super pixel methods reduce the number of regions that must be considered later by more computationally expensive algorithms, with a minimal loss of information. Nevertheless, as some information is inevitably lost, it is vital that super pixels not cross object boundaries, as such errors will propagate through later steps. Existing methods make use of projected color or depth information, but do not consider three dimensional geometric relationships between observed data points which can be used to prevent super pixels from crossing regions of empty space. We propose a novel over-segmentation algorithm which uses voxel relationships to produce over-segmentations which are fully consistent with the spatial geometry of the scene in three dimensional, rather than projective, space. Enforcing the constraint that segmented regions must have spatial connectivity prevents label flow across semantic object boundaries which might otherwise be violated. Additionally, as the algorithm works directly in 3D space, observations from several calibrated RGB+D cameras can be segmented jointly. Experiments on a large data set of human annotated RGB+D images demonstrate a significant reduction in occurrence of clusters crossing object boundaries, while maintaining speeds comparable to state-of-the-art 2D methods.
Achieving change in primary care--causes of the evidence to practice gap: systematic reviews of reviews.

This study is to identify, summarise and synthesise literature on the causes of the evidence to practice gap for complex interventions in primary care.



This study is a systematic review of reviews.



MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and PsychINFO were searched, from inception to December 2013. Eligible reviews addressed causes of the evidence to practice gap in primary care in developed countries. Data from included reviews were extracted and synthesised using guidelines for meta-synthesis.



Seventy reviews fulfilled the inclusion criteria and encompassed a wide range of topics, e.g. guideline implementation, integration of new roles, technology implementation, public health and preventative medicine. None of the included papers used the term "cause" or stated an intention to investigate causes at all. A descriptive approach was often used, and the included papers expressed "causes" in terms of "barriers and facilitators" to implementation. We developed a four-level framework covering external context, organisation, professionals and intervention. External contextual factors included policies, incentivisation structures, dominant paradigms, stakeholders' buy-in, infrastructure and advances in technology. Organisation-related factors included culture, available resources, integration with existing processes, relationships, skill mix and staff involvement. At the level of individual professionals, professional role, underlying philosophy of care and competencies were important. Characteristics of the intervention that impacted on implementation included evidence of benefit, ease of use and adaptability to local circumstances. We postulate that the "fit" between the intervention and the context is critical in determining the success of implementation.



This comprehensive review of reviews summarises current knowledge on the barriers and facilitators to implementation of diverse complex interventions in primary care. To maximise the uptake of complex interventions in primary care, health care professionals and commissioning organisations should consider the range of contextual factors, remaining aware of the dynamic nature of context. Future studies should place an emphasis on describing context and articulating the relationships between the factors identified here.
A review of RF and microwave techniques for dielectric measurements on polar liquids

The requirements for dielectric measurements on polar liquids lie largely in two areas. First there is scientific interest in revealing the structure of and interactions between the molecules - this can be studied through dielectric spectroscopy. Secondly, polar liquids are widely used as dielectric reference and tissue equivalent materials for biomedical studies and for mobile telecommunications, health and safety related measurements. This review discusses these roles for polar liquids and surveys the techniques available for the measurement of their complex permittivity at RF and Microwave frequencies. One aim of the review is to guide researchers and metrologists in the choice of measurement methods and in their optimization. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of traceability in these measurements to international standards
Flywheel: Google's Data Compression Proxy for the Mobile Web

Mobile devices are increasingly the dominant Internet access technology. Nevertheless, high costs, data caps, and throttling are a source of widespread frustration, and a significant barrier to adoption in emerging markets. This paper presents Flywheel, an HTTP proxy service that extends the life of mobile data plans by compressing responses in-flight between origin servers and client browsers. Flywheel is integrated with the Chrome web browser and reduces the size of proxied web pages by 50% for a median user. We report measurement results from millions of users as well as experience gained during three years of operating and evolving the production
New ICD-10 version of the Charlson comorbidity index predicted in-hospital mortality.

The ICD-9-CM adaptation of the Charlson comorbidity score has been a valuable resource for health services researchers. With the transition into ICD-10 coding worldwide, an ICD-10 version of the Deyo adaptation was developed and validated using population-based hospital data from Victoria, Australia.



The algorithm was translated from ICD-9-CM into ICD-10-AM (Australian modification) in a multistep process. After a mapping algorithm was used to develop an initial translation, these codes were manually examined by the coding experts and a general physician for face validity. Because the ICD-10 system is country specific, our goal was to keep many of the translated code at the three-digit level for generalizability of the new index.



There appears to be little difference in the distribution of the Charlson Index score between the two versions. A strong association between increasing index scores and mortality exists: the area under the ROC curve is 0.865 for the last year using the ICD-9-CM version and remains high, at 0.855, for the ICD-10 version.



This work represents the first rigorous adaptation of the Charlson comorbidity index for use with ICD-10 data. In comparison with a well-established ICD-9-CM coding algorithm, it yields closely similar prevalence and prognosis information by comorbidity category.
Penile self-harm: a case report and concise clinical review.

Male genital self-mutilation is extremely rare and may be associated with severe psychopathology. This study reports the case of a 26-year-old man who presented after incising his prepuce with a knife and placing a rubber band around his foreskin. A plastic ring was also found underneath the prepuce. Clinical examination revealed a lateral preputial laceration with gross preputial oedema and dark red discoloration with a clear demarcation where the elastic band had been placed. A pelvic X-ray revealed no other foreign bodies. Following 72 h of observation he developed signs of preputial necrosis, which prompted urgent circumcision; this revealed a healthy underlying glans. In conclusion, male genital self-harm requires urgent urological and psychiatric assessments to prevent surgical and psychiatric sequelae including necrotizing fasciitis and suicide.
Who Do You Think Will Speak Next? Perception of Turn-Taking Cues in Slovak and Argentine Spanish

We investigate perceptual cues in human-human dialogue management related to signalling the change of speaker and the interlocutor’s wish to backchannel or contribute with propositional content. We are interested primarily in the relevance of prosodic cues in relation to textual ones, and their crosslinguistic validity by comparing unrelated languages Slovak and Argentine Spanish. Results of a perception study indicate that 1) in addition to textual cues, prosodic cues also play a clear role in perceiving how the dialogue will unfold; and 2) there exists a non-empty intersection of temporal and intonational prosodic turn-taking cues in the two languages, despite their belonging to separate families.
Asynchronous verifiable information dispersal

Information dispersal addresses the question of storing a file by distributing it among a set of servers in a storage-efficient way. We introduce the problem of verifiable information dispersal in an asynchronous network, where up to one third of the servers as well as an arbitrary number of clients might exhibit Byzantine faults. Verifiability ensures that the stored information is consistent despite such faults. We present a storage and communication-efficient scheme for asynchronous verifiable information dispersal that achieves an asymptotically optimal storage blow-up. Additionally, we show how to guarantee the secrecy of the stored data with respect to an adversary that may mount adaptive attacks. Our technique also yields a new protocol for asynchronous reliable broadcast that improves the communication complexity by an order of magnitude on large inputs.
Online Work-Integrated Learning ( WIL ) Community

This chapter presents a case study in which Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) and mobile telephone technologies were used to liberate Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) from the constraints of location and time, and to promote inclusive practices under a blended learning environment in a particular university subject. It was found that the use of mobile devices by the students was conservative because of technological limitations and affordability issues associated with mobile technology. Although mobile technology is still not powerful or practical enough for WIL, the use of CMC technology has provided rich collaborative online WIL for students, and there are still grounds for optimism that mobile technology will become a powerful cognitive tool in the future for enhancing student learning outcomes. This case study also affirms that such technologies will only become effective educational tools if there is a stable focus on pedagogy within the curriculum and if the needs and technology skills of users are taken into consideration when integrating the technologies into the curriculum.
Neurostimulation for Parkinson ’ s Disease with Early Motor Complications

W.M.M. Schuepbach, J. Rau, K. Knudsen, J. Volkmann, P. Krack, L. Timmermann, T.D. Hälbig, H. Hesekamp, S.M. Navarro, N. Meier, D. Falk, M. Mehdorn, S. Paschen, M. Maarouf, M.T. Barbe, G.R. Fink, A. Kupsch, D. Gruber, G.-H. Schneider, E. Seigneuret, A. Kistner, P. Chaynes, F. Ory-Magne, C. Brefel Courbon, J. Vesper, A. Schnitzler, L. Wojtecki, J.-L. Houeto, B. Bataille, D. Maltête, P. Damier, S. Raoul, F. Sixel-Doering, D. Hellwig, A. Gharabaghi, R. Krüger, M.O. Pinsker, F. Amtage, J.-M. Régis, T. Witjas, S. Thobois, P. Mertens, M. Kloss, A. Hartmann, W.H. Oertel, B. Post, H. Speelman, Y. Agid, C. Schade-Brittinger, and G. Deuschl, for the EARLYSTIM Study Group
CPW-Fed Broadband Circularly Polarized Planar Monopole Antenna With Improved Ground-Plane Structure

A novel CPW-fed planar printed monopole antenna with broadband circular polarization (CP) characteristic is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangle patch and an improved ground-plane. By appropriately adding a vertical stub and cutting a horizontal slit on the ground-plane, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is enlarged, and its wide axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth is achieved. The measured results show that the proposed antenna has not only a broad 3-dB AR bandwidth of 44.9% (2.65 GHz, 4.58-7.23 GHz) with respect to the CP center frequency 5.90 GHz, but also a wide 10-dB return loss bandwidth of 76.9% (4.35 GHz, 3.48-7.83 GHz) centered at 5.66 GHz.