nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of coffee and caffeine intake with the risk of Parkinson disease.

The projected expansion in the next several decades of the elderly population at highest risk for Parkinson disease (PD) makes identification of factors that promote or prevent the disease an important goal.



To explore the association of coffee and dietary caffeine intake with risk of PD.



Data were analyzed from 30 years of follow-up of 8004 Japanese-American men (aged 45-68 years) enrolled in the prospective longitudinal Honolulu Heart Program between 1965 and 1968.



Incident PD, by amount of coffee intake (measured at study enrollment and 6-year follow-up) and by total dietary caffeine intake (measured at enrollment).



During follow-up, 102 men were identified as having PD. Age-adjusted incidence of PD declined consistently with increased amounts of coffee intake, from 10.4 per 10,000 person-years in men who drank no coffee to 1.9 per 10,000 person-years in men who drank at least 28 oz/d (P<.001 for trend). Similar relationships were observed with total caffeine intake (P<.001 for trend) and caffeine from non-coffee sources (P=.03 for trend). Consumption of increasing amounts of coffee was also associated with lower risk of PD in men who were never, past, and current smokers at baseline (P=.049, P=.22, and P=.02, respectively, for trend). Other nutrients in coffee, including niacin, were unrelated to PD incidence. The relationship between caffeine and PD was unaltered by intake of milk and sugar.



Our findings indicate that higher coffee and caffeine intake is associated with a significantly lower incidence of PD. This effect appears to be independent of smoking. The data suggest that the mechanism is related to caffeine intake and not to other nutrients contained in coffee. JAMA. 2000;283:2674-2679.
CORRUGATED SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE ( SIW ) ANTIPODAL LINEARLY TAPERED SLOT ANTENNA ARRAY FED BY QUASI-TRIANGULAR POWER DIVIDER

In this paper, a new configuration of Tapered Slot Antenna (TSA) with improved radiation pattern is proposed and studied. This antenna is designed in the form of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) array with respect to side lobe level constraints. For side lobe reduction, a simple quasi-triangular distribution is proposed and is accomplished uniquely by means of 3 dB power dividers. A 12-way series feed network with T -junction is designed and demonstrated. Radiation features of the antenna array are discussed to illustrate the accomplishment of a low side lobe level (−19 dB) of the array. The proposed antenna demonstrates the ability of the SIW technology to achieve a very low side lobe in a simple, compact and planar structure.
A study to support agile methods more effectively through traceability

Traceability is recognized to be important for supporting agile development processes. However, after analyzing many of the existing traceability approaches it can be concluded that they strongly depend on traditional development process characteristics. Within this paper it is justified that this is a drawback to support adequately agile processes. As it is discussed, some concepts do not have the same semantics for traditional and agile methodologies. This paper proposes three features that traceability models should support to be less dependent on a specific development process: (1) user-definable traceability links, (2) roles, and (3) linkage rules. To present how these features can be applied, an emerging traceability metamodel (TmM) will be used within this paper. TmM supports the definition of traceability methodologies adapted to the needs of each project. As it is shown, after introducing these three features into traceability models, two main advantages are obtained: 1) the support they can provide to agile process stakeholders is significantly more extensive, and 2) it will be possible to achieve a higher degree of automation. In this sense it will be feasible to have a methodical trace acquisition and maintenance process adapted to agile processes.
Gesture Recognition and Control Part 2 – Hand Gesture Recognition ( HGR ) System & Latest Upcoming Techniques

This Exploratory paper’s second part reveals the detail technological aspects of Hand Gesture Recognition (HGR) System. It further explored HGR basic building blocks, its application areas and challenges it faces. The paper also provides literature review on latest upcoming techniques like – Point Grab, 3D Mouse and Sixth-Sense etc. The paper concluded with focus on major Application fields.
Two improvements to detect duplicates in Stack Overflow

Stack Overflow is one of the most popular question-and-answer sites for programmers. However, there are a great number of duplicate questions that are expected to be detected automatically in a short time. In this paper, we introduce two approaches to improve the detection accuracy: splitting body into different types of data and using word-embedding to treat word ambiguities that are not contained in the general corpuses. The evaluation shows that these approaches improve the accuracy compared with the traditional method.
A Linear Approximation for Graph-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

This article investigates the problem of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) from the perspective of linear estimation theory. The problem is first formulated in terms of graph embedding: a graph describing robot poses at subsequent instants of time needs be embedded in a three-dimensional space, assuring that the estimated configuration maximizes measurement likelihood. Combining tools belonging to linear estimation and graph theory, a closed-form approximation to the full SLAM problem is proposed, under the assumption that the relative position and the relative orientation measurements are independent. The approach needs no initial guess for optimization and is formally proven to admit solution under the SLAM setup. The resulting estimate can be used as an approximation of the actual nonlinear solution or can be further refined by using it as an initial guess for nonlinear optimization techniques. Finally, the experimental analysis demonstrates that such refinement is often unnecessary, since the linear estimate is already accurate.
Advanced interest flooding attacks in named-data networking

The Named-Data Networking (NDN) has emerged as a clean-slate Internet proposal on the wave of Information-Centric Networking. Although the NDN's data-plane seems to offer many advantages, e.g., native support for multicast communications and flow balance, it also makes the network infrastructure vulnerable to a specific DDoS attack, the Interest Flooding Attack (IFA). In IFAs, a botnet issuing unsatisfiable content requests can be set up effortlessly to exhaust routers' resources and cause a severe performance drop to legitimate users. So far several countermeasures have addressed this security threat, however, their efficacy was proved by means of simplistic assumptions on the attack model. Therefore, we propose a more complete attack model and design an advanced IFA. We show the efficiency of our novel attack scheme by extensively assessing some of the state-of-the-art countermeasures. Further, we release the software to perform this attack as open source tool to help design future more robust defense mechanisms.
Simplification of Information Technology Services at Financial Institutions: A Framework

Simplification of IT services is an imperative of the times we are in. Large legacy behemoths that exist at financial institutions are a result of years of patch work development on legacy landscapes that have developed in silos at various lines of businesses (LOBs). This increases costs -- for running financial services, changing the services as well as providing services to customers. We present here a basic guide to what constitutes complexity of IT landscape at financial institutions, what simplification means, and opportunities for simplification and how it can be carried out. We also explain a 4-phase approach to planning and executing Simplification of IT services at financial institutions.
Autism occurrence by MMR vaccine status among US children with older siblings with and without autism.

Despite research showing no link between the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), beliefs that the vaccine causes autism persist, leading to lower vaccination levels. Parents who already have a child with ASD may be especially wary of vaccinations.



To report ASD occurrence by MMR vaccine status in a large sample of US children who have older siblings with and without ASD.



A retrospective cohort study using an administrative claims database associated with a large commercial health plan. Participants included children continuously enrolled in the health plan from birth to at least 5 years of age during 2001-2012 who also had an older sibling continuously enrolled for at least 6 months between 1997 and 2012.



MMR vaccine receipt (0, 1, 2 doses) between birth and 5 years of age.



ASD status defined as 2 claims with a diagnosis code in any position for autistic disorder or other specified pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) including Asperger syndrome, or unspecified PDD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification 299.0x, 299.8x, 299.9x).



Of 95,727 children with older siblings, 994 (1.04%) were diagnosed with ASD and 1929 (2.01%) had an older sibling with ASD. Of those with older siblings with ASD, 134 (6.9%) had ASD, vs 860 (0.9%) children with unaffected siblings (P < .001). MMR vaccination rates (≥1 dose) were 84% (n = 78,564) at age 2 years and 92% (n = 86,063) at age 5 years for children with unaffected older siblings, vs 73% (n = 1409) at age 2 years and 86% (n = 1660) at age 5 years for children with affected siblings. MMR vaccine receipt was not associated with an increased risk of ASD at any age. For children with older siblings with ASD, at age 2, the adjusted relative risk (RR) of ASD for 1 dose of MMR vaccine vs no vaccine was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.49-1.18; P = .22), and at age 5, the RR of ASD for 2 doses compared with no vaccine was 0.56 (95% CI, 0.31-1.01; P = .052). For children whose older siblings did not have ASD, at age 2, the adjusted RR of ASD for 1 dose was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.67-1.20; P = .50) and at age 5, the RR of ASD for 2 doses was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.78-1.59; P = .55).



In this large sample of privately insured children with older siblings, receipt of the MMR vaccine was not associated with increased risk of ASD, regardless of whether older siblings had ASD. These findings indicate no harmful association between MMR vaccine receipt and ASD even among children already at higher risk for ASD.
Uncooled Thermal Camera Calibration and Optimization of the Photogrammetry Process for UAV Applications in Agriculture

The acquisition, processing, and interpretation of thermal images from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is becoming a useful source of information for agronomic applications because of the higher temporal and spatial resolution of these products compared with those obtained from satellites. However, due to the low load capacity of the UAV they need to mount light, uncooled thermal cameras, where the microbolometer is not stabilized to a constant temperature. This makes the camera precision low for many applications. Additionally, the low contrast of the thermal images makes the photogrammetry process inaccurate, which result in large errors in the generation of orthoimages. In this research, we propose the use of new calibration algorithms, based on neural networks, which consider the sensor temperature and the digital response of the microbolometer as input data. In addition, we evaluate the use of the Wallis filter for improving the quality of the photogrammetry process using structure from motion software. With the proposed calibration algorithm, the measurement accuracy increased from 3.55 °C with the original camera configuration to 1.37 °C. The implementation of the Wallis filter increases the number of tie-point from 58,000 to 110,000 and decreases the total positing error from 7.1 m to 1.3 m.
Beyond Inferring Class Representatives: User-Level Privacy Leakage From Federated Learning

Federated learning, i.e., a mobile edge computing framework for deep learning, is a recent advance in privacypreserving machine learning, where the model is trained in a decentralized manner by the clients, i.e., data curators, preventing the server from directly accessing those private data from the clients. This learning mechanism significantly challenges the attack from the server side. Although the state-ofthe-art attacking techniques that incorporated the advance of Generative adversarial networks (GANs) could construct class representatives of the global data distribution among all clients, it is still challenging to distinguishably attack a specific client (i.e., user-level privacy leakage), which is a stronger privacy threat to precisely recover the private data from a specific client. This paper gives the first attempt to explore user-level privacy leakage against the federated learning by the attack from a malicious server. We propose a framework incorporating GAN with a multitask discriminator, which simultaneously discriminates category, reality, and client identity of input samples. The novel discrimination on client identity enables the generator to recover user specified private data. Unlike existing works that tend to interfere the training process of the federated learning, the proposed method works “invisibly” on the server side. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed attacking approach and the superior to the state-of-the-art.
Epidemiological Trends of Dengue Disease in Mexico (2000–2011): A Systematic Literature Search and Analysis

This systematic literature review describes the epidemiology of dengue disease in Mexico (2000-2011). The annual number of uncomplicated dengue cases reported increased from 1,714 in 2000 to 15,424 in 2011 (incidence rates of 1.72 and 14.12 per 100,000 population, respectively). Peaks were observed in 2002, 2007, and 2009. Coastal states were most affected by dengue disease. The age distribution pattern showed an increasing number of cases during childhood, a peak at 10-20 years, and a gradual decline during adulthood. All four dengue virus serotypes were detected. Although national surveillance is in place, there are knowledge gaps relating to asymptomatic cases, primary/secondary infections, and seroprevalence rates of infection in all age strata. Under-reporting of the clinical spectrum of the disease is also problematic. Dengue disease remains a serious public health problem in Mexico.
Contract complexity

We study the complexity required for the implementation of multi-agent contracts under a variety of solution concepts. A contract is a mapping from strategy profiles to outcomes. Practical implementation of a contract requires it to be ''simple'', an illusive concept that needs to be formalized. A major source of complexity is the burden involving verifying the contract fulfillment (for example in a court of law). Contracts which specify a small number of outcomes are easier to verify and are less prone to disputes. We therefore measure the complexity of a contract by the number of outcomes it specifies. Our approach is general in the sense that all strategic interaction represented by a normal form game are allowed. The class of solution concepts we consider is rather exhaustive and includes Nash equilibrium with both pure and mixed strategies, dominant strategy implementation, iterative elimination of dominated strategies and strong equilibria.
 Some interesting insights can be gained from our analysis: Firstly, our results indicate that the complexity of implementation is independent of the size of the strategy spaces of the players but for some solution concepts grows with the number of players. Second, the complexity of {\em unique} implementation is sometimes slightly larger, but not much larger than non-unique implementation. Finally and maybe surprisingly, for most solution concepts implementation with optimal cost usually does not require higher complexity than the complexity necessary for implementation at all.
Speed Measurement Error Suppression for PMSM Control System Using Self-Adaption Kalman Observer

This paper proposes a self-adaption Kalman observer (SAKO) used in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system. The proposed SAKO can make up measurement noise of the absolute encoder with limited resolution ratio and avoid differentiating process and filter delay of the traditional speed measuring methods. To be different from the traditional Kalman observer, the proposed observer updates the gain matrix by calculating the measurement noise at the current time. The variable gain matrix is used to estimate and correct the observed position, speed, and load torque to solve the problem that the motor speed calculated by the traditional methods is prone to large speed error and time delay when PMSM runs at low speeds. The state variables observed by the proposed observer are used as the speed feedback signals and compensation signal of the load torque disturbance in PMSM servo system. The simulations and experiments prove that the SAKO can observe speed and load torque precisely and timely and that the feedforward and feedback control system of PMSM can improve the speed tracking ability.
Structures of telomerase subunits provide functional insights.

Telomerase continues to generate substantial attention both because of its pivotal roles in cellular proliferation and aging and because of its unusual structure and mechanism. By replenishing telomeric DNA lost during the cell cycle, telomerase overcomes one of the many hurdles facing cellular immortalization. Functionally, telomerase is a reverse transcriptase, and it shares structural and mechanistic features with this class of nucleotide polymerases. Telomerase is a very unusual reverse transcriptase because it remains stably associated with its template and because it reverse transcribes multiple copies of its template onto a single primer in one reaction cycle.



Here, we review recent findings that illuminate our understanding of telomerase. Even though the specific emphasis is on structure and mechanism, we also highlight new insights into the roles of telomerase in human biology.



Recent advances in the structural biology of telomerase, including high resolution structures of the catalytic subunit of a beetle telomerase and two domains of a ciliate telomerase catalytic subunit, provide new perspectives into telomerase biochemistry and reveal new puzzles.
Sparse Learning of the Disease Severity Score for High-Dimensional Data

Learning disease severity scores automatically from collected measurements may aid in the quality of both healthcare and scientific understanding. Some steps in that direction have been taken and machine learning algorithms for extracting scoring functions from data have been proposed. Given the rapid increase in both quantity and diversity of data measured and stored, the large amount of information is becoming one of the challenges for learning algorithms. In this work, we investigated the direction of the problemwhere the dimensionality of measured variables is large. Learning the severity score in such cases brings the issue of which of measured features are relevant. We have proposed a novel approach by combining desirable properties of existing formulations, which compares favorably to alternatives in accuracy and especially in the robustness of the learned scoring function.The proposed formulation has a nonsmooth penalty that induces sparsity.This problem is solved by addressing a dual formulationwhich is smooth and allows an efficient optimization.The proposed approachmight be used as an effective and reliable tool for both scoring function learning and biomarker discovery, as demonstrated by identifying a stable set of genes related to influenza symptoms’ severity, which are enriched in immune-related processes.
Genital myiasis by Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) in Sicily (Italy)

Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner, 1862; Diptera: Sarcophagidae), known also as flesh fly or screwworm, is a fly distributed especially in south Europe, Middle East, North Africa and China. Maggots of W. magnifica are responsible for traumatic myiasis in warm-blooded vertebrate animals and humans. In Italy data on wohlfahrtiosis in animals and humans are scant. This paper reports three cases of genital myiasis by W. magnifica in Sicily that occurred in a goat, a ram and a dog, respectively. Maggots were found in the vulva of a goat, in a wound localised in the scrotum of a ram and in the prepuce of a dog. Although the disease was not recorded before in the region, data collected from a questionnaire specifically designed for the study suggest that the disease is endemic in the area for more than 20 years. Larger epidemiological studies in the region are needed to get more data on disease prevalence and pattern of infestation as well as more information and education is needed for both farmers and veterinarians on wohlfahrtiosis and its strategies of control and treatment.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects of Mucosal Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, with the presentation restricted to the mucosa being infrequent. Although the nasal mucosa is the main site affected in this form of the disease, it is also possible the involvement of the lips, mouth, pharynx and larynx. The lesions are characteristically ulcerative-vegetative, with granulation tissue formation. Patients usually complain of pain, dysphagia and odynophagia. Differential diagnosis should include cancer, infectious diseases and granulomatous diseases. We present a case of a 64-year-old male patient, coming from an endemic area for American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL), with a chief complaint of persistent dysphagia and nasal obstruction for 6 months. The lesion was ulcerative with a purulent infiltration into the soft palate and uvula. After excluding other diseases, ATL was suggested as a hypothesis, having been requested serology and biopsy of the lesions. Was started the treatment with pentavalent antimony and the patient presented regression of the lesions in 30 days, with no other complications.
Risk Factors for Complications after Reduction Mammoplasty: A Meta-Analysis

Reduction mammoplasty (RM) is a proven method of treating macromastia, but the risk factors for postoperative complications have not been clearly identified. Through this meta-analysis, the authors aimed to identify the risk factors of RM complications.



An extensive search of the literature describing complications after RM was performed using the PubMed Central, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The following risk factors were extracted: age, body mass index (BMI), tissue resection weight per breast (TRW), smoking and radiation therapy. Odds ratios (OR) were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the relationship between these risk factors and complications after RM.



A total of 16 unique studies including 10 593 patients were included in the final analysis. It showed that there was a significant difference in complications in BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (OR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61-0.89, p = 0.001) and smoking (OR 1.56; 95% CI: 0.98-2.49, p = 0.06). Infection in those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 showed a significant difference (OR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.52-0.89, p = 0.004), as well as wound dehiscence in smokers (OR 2.73; 95% CI: 1.60-4.67, p = 0.0002) and infection in irradiated breasts (OR 20.38; 95% CI: 3.42-121.35, p = 0.0009). However, there was no significant difference in age ≥50 years (OR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.71-1.29, p = 0.78), combined TRW ≥1000 g (OR 1.04; 95% CI: 0.43-2.50, p = 0.93).



BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and smoking increase the risk of complications. Persons who are obese or irradiated are more likely to develop infections, and smokers experienced a higher incidence of wound dehiscence than did nonsmokers. However, patients aged ≥50 years and TRW ≥1000 g are not associated with complications from RM.