nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A 25mA 0.13µm CMOS LDO regulator with power-supply rejection better than −56dB up to 10MHz using a feedforward ripple-cancellation technique

Low drop-out (LDO) linear regulators have become a key building block in portable communication systems for power management ICs. The LDO usually comes after a switching DC-DC converter to reduce the output ripples and provide a regulated voltage source for noise-sensitive blocks. For a higher level of integration, there is a need to increase the operating frequency of the switching converters . This necessitates a subsequent LDO regulator with high ripple rejection at frequencies up to several MHz. These LDO regulators should also provide a low drop-out voltage to cope with the low supply voltage of the state-of-the-art CMOS technologies. In addition, due to the feedback nature of the system, the LDO should be stable for a wide range of supply currents while consuming a very low quiescent current.
Leveraging Work-Related Stressors for Employee Innovation: The Moderating Role of Enterprise Social Networking Use

Enterprise social networking (ESN) techniques have been widely adopted by firms to provide a platform for public communication among employees. This study investigates how the relationships between stressors (i.e., challenge and hindrance stressors) and employee innovation are moderated by task-oriented and relationship-oriented ESN use. Since challenge-hindrance stressors and employee innovation are individual-level variables and task-oriented ESN use and relationship-oriented ESN use are team-level variables, we thus use hierarchical linear model to test this cross-level model. The results of a survey of 191 employees in 50 groups indicate that two ESN use types differentially moderate the relationship between stressors and employee innovation. Specifically, task-oriented ESN use positively moderates the effects of the two stressors on employee innovation, while relationship-oriented ESN use negatively moderates the relationship between the two stressors and employee innovation. In addition, we find that challenge stressors significantly improve employee innovation. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Design of a Wideband Multilayer Meander-Line Polarizer (6 – 18 GHz) using a Semi-Analytical Method

A semi-analytical method to design multilayer meander-line polarizers is described in this paper. The proposed procedure consists of a combination of the transmission line equivalent circuit and a Simulated Annealing Algorithm to estimate the best values of the dimensions of the polarizer. A wideband four layers' meander-line polarizer [6 – 18 GHz] is studied. Patch antenna resonating at different frequencies is associated to the polarizer to validate it. The results verify that the proposed multilayer meander-line polarizer convert the Linear wave to Circular one.
An overview of interpretive phenomenology as a research methodology.

To provide an overview of interpretive phenomenology.



Phenomenology is a philosophy and a research approach. As a research approach, it is used extensively in nursing and 'interpretive' phenomenology is becoming increasingly popular.



Online and manual searches of relevant books and electronic databases were undertaken.



Literature review on papers on phenomenology, research and nursing (written in English) was undertaken.



A brief outline of the origins of the concept, and the influence of 'descriptive' phenomenology on the development of interpretive phenomenology is provided. Its aim, origins and philosophical basis, including the core concepts of dasein, fore-structure/pre-understanding, world view existential themes and the hermeneutic circle, are described and the influence of these concepts in phenomenological nursing research is illustrated.



This paper will assist readers when deciding whether interpretive phenomenology is appropriate for their research projects.



This paper adds to the discussion on interpretive phenomenology and helps inform readers of its use as a research methodology.
Real time speech emotion recognition using RGB image classification and transfer learning

This paper describes a real-time Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) task formulated as an image classification problem. The shift to an image classification paradigm provided the advantage of using an existing Deep Neural Network (AlexNet) pre-trained on a very large number of images, and thus eliminating the need for a lengthy network training process. Two alternative multi-class SER systems, AlexNet-SVM and FTAlexNet, were investigated. Both systems were shown to achieve state-of-the-art results when tested on a popular Berlin Emotional Speech (EMO-DB) database. Transformation from speech to image classification was achieved by creating RGB images depicting speech spectrograms. The ALEXNet-SVM method passes the spectrogram images as inputs to a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (AlexNet) to provide features for the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, whereas the FTAlexNet method simply applies the images to a fine tuned AlexNet to provide emotional class labels. The FTAlexNet offers slightly higher accuracy compared to the AlexNet-SVM, while the AlexNet-SVM requires a lower number of computations due to the elimination of the neural network training procedure. A real-time demo is given on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fuMpF3cUqDU&t=6s.
Performance analysis of dense small cell networks with generalized fading

In this paper, we propose a unified framework to analyze the performance of dense small cell networks (SCNs) in terms of the coverage probability and the area spectral efficiency (ASE). In our analysis, we consider a practical path loss model that accounts for both non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and line-of-sight (LOS) transmissions. Furthermore, we adopt a generalized fading model, in which Rayleigh fading, Rician fading and Nakagami-m fading can be treated in a unified framework. The analytical results of the coverage probability and the ASE are derived, using a generalized stochastic geometry analysis. Different from existing work that does not differentiate NLOS and LOS transmissions, our results show that NLOS and LOS transmissions have a significant impact on the coverage probability and the ASE performance, particularly when the SCNs grow dense. Furthermore, our results establish for the first time that the performance of the SCNs can be divided into four regimes, according to the intensity (aka density) of BSs, where in each regime the performance is dominated by different factors.
Implementation of Fingerprint based Student Attendance System with Notification by GSM Module

Attendance and academic success are directly related in educational institutions. The continual absence of students in lecture, practical and tutorial is one of the major problems of decadence in the performance of academic. The authorized person needs to prohibit truancy for solving the problem. In existing system, the attendance is recorded by calling of the students’ name, signing on paper, using smart card and so on. These methods are easy to fake and to give proxy for the absence student. For solving inconvenience, fingerprint based attendance system with notification to guardian is proposed. The attendance is recorded using fingerprint module and stored it to the database via SD card. This system can calculate the percentage of attendance record monthly and store the attendance record in database for one year or more. In this system, attendance is recorded two times for one day and then it will also send alert message using GSM module if the attendance of students don’t have eight times for one week. By sending the alert message to the respective individuals every week, necessary actions can be done early. It can also reduce the cost of SMS charge and also have more attention for guardians. The main components of this system are Fingerprint module, Microcontroller, GSM module and SD card with SD card module. This system has been developed using Arduino IDE, Eclipse and MySQL Server.
Planar UHF RFID Tag Antenna With Open Stub Feed for Metallic Objects

An open stub feed planar patch antenna is proposed for UHF RFID tag mountable on metallic objects. Compared to conventional short stub feed patch antenna used for UHF RFID tag, the open stub feed patch antenna has planar structure which can decrease the manufacturing cost of the tags. Moreover, the open stub feed makes the impedance of the patch antenna be tuned in a large scale for conjugate impedance matching. Modeling and simulation results are presented which are in good agreement with the measurement data. Finally, differences between the open stub feed patch antenna and the short stub feed patch antenna for UHF RFID tag are discussed.
Public health: The toxic truth about sugar

susceptible to non-communicable diseases; 80% of deaths attributable to them occur in these countries. Many people think that obesity is the root cause of these diseases. But 20% of obese people have normal metabolism and Last September, the United Nations declared that, for the first time in human history, chronic non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes pose a greater health burden worldwide than do infectious diseases, contributing to 35 million deaths annually. This is not just a problem of the developed world. Every country that has adopted the Western diet — one dominated by low-cost, highly processed food — has witnessed rising rates of obesity and related diseases. There are now 30% more people who are obese than who are undernourished. Economic development means that the populations of lowand middle-income countries are living longer, and therefore are more will have a normal lifespan. Conversely, up to 40% of normal-weight people develop the diseases that constitute the metabolic syndrome: diabetes, hypertension, lipid problems, cardio vascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity is not the cause; rather, it is a marker for metabolic dysfunction, which is even more prevalent. The UN announcement targets tobacco, alcohol and diet as the central risk factors in non-communicable disease. Two of these three — tobacco and alcohol — are regulated by governments to protect public health, leaving one of the primary culprits behind this worldwide health crisis unchecked. Of course, regulating food is more SUMMARY ● Sugar consumption is linked to a rise in non-communicable disease ● Sugar’s effects on the body can be similar to those of alcohol ● Regulation could include tax, limiting sales during school hours and placing age limits on purchase IL LU ST R AT IO N B Y M A R K S M IT H
Two dynamically distinct inhibitory networks in layer 4 of the neocortex.

Normal operations of the neocortex depend critically on several types of inhibitory interneurons, but the specific function of each type is unknown. One possibility is that interneurons are differentially engaged by patterns of activity that vary in frequency and timing. To explore this, we studied the strength and short-term dynamics of chemical synapses interconnecting local excitatory neurons (regular-spiking, or RS, cells) with two types of inhibitory interneurons: fast-spiking (FS) cells, and low-threshold spiking (LTS) cells of layer 4 in the rat barrel cortex. We also tested two other pathways onto the interneurons: thalamocortical connections and recurrent collaterals from corticothalamic projection neurons of layer 6. The excitatory and inhibitory synapses interconnecting RS cells and FS cells were highly reliable in response to single stimuli and displayed strong short-term depression. In contrast, excitatory and inhibitory synapses interconnecting the RS and LTS cells were less reliable when initially activated. Excitatory synapses from RS cells onto LTS cells showed dramatic short-term facilitation, whereas inhibitory synapses made by LTS cells onto RS cells facilitated modestly or slightly depressed. Thalamocortical inputs strongly excited both RS and FS cells but rarely and only weakly contacted LTS cells. Both types of interneurons were strongly excited by facilitating synapses from axon collaterals of corticothalamic neurons. We conclude that there are two parallel but dynamically distinct systems of synaptic inhibition in layer 4 of neocortex, each defined by its intrinsic spiking properties, the short-term plasticity of its chemical synapses, and (as shown previously) an exclusive set of electrical synapses. Because of their unique dynamic properties, each inhibitory network will be recruited by different temporal patterns of cortical activity.
Bringing Deep Learning at the Edge of Information-Centric Internet of Things

Various Internet solutions take their power processing and analysis from cloud computing services. Internet of Things (IoT) applications started discovering the benefits of computing, processing, and analysis on the device itself aiming to reduce latency for time-critical applications. However, on-device processing is not suitable for resource-constraints IoT devices. Edge computing (EC) came as an alternative solution that tends to move services and computation more closer to consumers, at the edge. In this letter, we study and discuss the applicability of merging deep learning (DL) models, i.e., convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and reinforcement learning (RL), with IoT and information-centric networking which is a promising future Internet architecture, combined all together with the EC concept. Therefore, a CNN model can be used in the IoT area to exploit reliably data from a complex environment. Moreover, RL and RNN have been recently integrated into IoT, which can be used to take the multi-modality of data in real-time applications into account.
CFI CaRE: Hardware-Supported Call and Return Enforcement for Commercial Microcontrollers

With the increasing scale of deployment of Internet of Things (IoT), concerns about IoT security have become more urgent. In particular, memory corruption attacks play a predominant role as they allow remote compromise of IoT devices. Control-flow integrity (CFI) is a promising and generic defense technique against these attacks. However, given the nature of IoT deployments, existing protection mechanisms for traditional computing environments (including CFI) need to be adapted to the IoT setting. In this paper, we describe the challenges of enabling CFI on microcontroller (MCU) based IoT devices. We then present CaRE, the first interrupt-aware CFI scheme for low-end MCUs. CaRE uses a novel way of protecting the CFI metadata by leveraging TrustZone-M security extensions introduced in the ARMv8-M architecture. Its binary instrumentation approach preserves the memory layout of the target MCU software, allowing pre-built bare-metal binary code to be protected by CaRE. We describe our implementation on a Cortex-M Prototyping System and demonstrate that CaRE is secure while imposing acceptable performance and memory impact.
Analysis calculation and testing of rotary inductosyn angle measuring errors

The rotary inductosyn acting as an angle measuring instrument is widely used in industrial automation. The rotary inductosyn angle measuring errors were analyzed calculated and tested in this paper. At first, the sources and classifications of the inductosyn angle measuring errors were presented. Then the zero position errors and the subdivision errors were analyzed and calculated in detail. Moreover, on a setting condition, the errors line which was made up of the zero position errors and the subdivision errors was calculated. Finally, based on an ultra-high precision air-bearing turntable, an inductosyn errors automatic test system was built to measure the errors. The results of the testing verified the correctness of the analysis and calculation of the errors. According to the testing, while the eccentricity between stator and rotor was less than 25um, the tilt of the rotor and stator was less than 0.1 degree, the analyzed and calculated errors occupied 90% of the total errors. This research provides important theoretical and experimental basis for reducing the errors of inductosyn and improving its accuracy by compensation.
The Great Time Series Classification Bake Off : A Review and Experimental Evaluation of Recently Proposed Algorithms

In the last five years there have been a large number of new time series classification algorithms proposed in the literature. These algorithms have been evaluated on subsets of the 47 data sets in the University of California, Riverside time series classification archive. The archive has recently been expanded to 85 data sets, over half of which have been donated by researchers at the University of East Anglia. Aspects of previous evaluations have made comparisons between algorithms difficult. For example, several different programming languages have been used, experiments involved a single train/test split and some used normalised data whilst others did not. The relaunch of the archive provides a timely opportunity to thoroughly evaluate algorithms on a larger number of datasets. We have implemented 20 recently proposed algorithms in a common Java framework and compared them against two standard benchmark classifiers (and each other) by performing 100 resampling experiments on each of the 85 datasets. We use these results to test several hypotheses relating to whether the algorithms are significantly more accurate than the benchmarks and each other. Our results indicate that only 9 of these algorithms are significantly more accurate than both benchmarks and that one classifier, the Collective of Transformation Ensembles, is significantly more accurate than all of the others. All of our experiments and results are reproducible: we release all of our code, results and experimental details and we hope these experiments form the basis for more rigorous testing of new algorithms in the future.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is differentially expressed in nonfunctioning invasive and noninvasive pituitary adenomas and increases invasion in human pituitary adenoma cell line.

The complete resection of pituitary adenomas (PAs) is unlikely when there is an extensive local dural invasion and given that the molecular mechanisms remain primarily unknown. DNA microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between nonfunctioning invasive and noninvasive PAs. Gene clustering revealed a robust eightfold increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in surgically resected human invasive PAs and in the (nonfunctioning) HP75 human pituitary tumor-derived cell line treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate; these results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, gelatin zymography, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and Northern blot analyses. The activation of protein kinase C (PKC) increased both MMP-9 activity and expression, which were blocked by some PKC inhibitors (Gö6976, bisindolylmaleimide, and Rottlerin), PKC-alpha, and PKC-delta small interfering (si)RNAs but not by hispidin (PKC-beta inhibitor). In a transmembrane invasion assay, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (100 nmol/L) increased the number of invaded HP75 cells, a process that was attenuated by PKC inhibitors, MMP-9 antibody, PKC-alpha siRNA, or PKC-delta siRNA. These results demonstrate that MMP-9 and PKC-alpha or PKC-delta may provide putative therapeutic targets for the control of PA dural invasion.
Enhanced Reality Fieldwork: the Context Aware Archaeological Assistant

The Mobile Computing in a Fieldwork Environment (MCFE) project aims to develop context-aware tools for hand-held computers that will support the authoring, presentation and management of field notes. The project deliverables will be designed to support student fieldwork exercises and our initial targets are fieldwork training in archaeology and the environmental sciences. Despite this specialised orientation, we anticipate that many features of these tools will prove to be equally well suited to use in research data collection in these and other disciplines.
HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice.

Endotoxin, a constituent of Gram-negative bacteria, stimulates macrophages to release large quantities of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), which can precipitate tissue injury and lethal shock (endotoxemia). Antagonists of TNF and IL-1 have shown limited efficacy in clinical trials, possibly because these cytokines are early mediators in pathogenesis. Here a potential late mediator of lethality is identified and characterized in a mouse model. High mobility group-1 (HMG-1) protein was found to be released by cultured macrophages more than 8 hours after stimulation with endotoxin, TNF, or IL-1. Mice showed increased serum levels of HMG-1 from 8 to 32 hours after endotoxin exposure. Delayed administration of antibodies to HMG-1 attenuated endotoxin lethality in mice, and administration of HMG-1 itself was lethal. Septic patients who succumbed to infection had increased serum HMG-1 levels, suggesting that this protein warrants investigation as a therapeutic target.
Twelve common mistakes in pilonidal sinus care.

Healing of pilonidal sinus wounds (PSWs) by secondary intention requires an average of 2 to 6 months, but delayed healing may require 1 to 2 years or even longer. Characteristically, these midline wounds are in the natal cleft of the buttocks or sacrococcygeal area of the back. These PSWs have costly financial consequences to the healthcare system and negatively affect the quality of life of the individual with the wound. This article contains an evidence-based literature review supplemented by the clinical expert opinion of the authors. Twelve leading mistakes in assessment and treatment have been identified with appropriate solutions to optimize patient outcomes. A case study is included to illustrate the common clinical challenges with strategies to optimize healing.
What Happened in CLEF2009: Introduction to the Working Notes

The objective of CLEF is to promote research in the field of multilingual system development. This is done through the organisation of annual evaluation campaigns in which a series of tracks designed to test different aspects of monoand cross-language information retrieval (IR) are offered. The intention is to encourage experimentation with all kinds of multilingual information access – from the development of systems for monolingual retrieval operating on many languages to the implementation of complete multilingual multimedia search services. This has been achieved by offering an increasingly complex and varied set of evaluation tasks over the years. The aim is not only to meet but also to anticipate the emerging needs of the R&D community and to encourage the development of next generation multilingual IR systems. These Working Notes contain descriptions of the experiments conducted within CLEF 2006 – the sixth in a series of annual system evaluation campaigns. The results of the experiments will be presented and discussed in the CLEF 2006 Workshop, 20-22 September, Alicante, Spain. The final papers revised and extended as a result of the discussions at the Workshop together with a comparative analysis of the results will appear in the CLEF 2006 Proceedings, to be published by Springer in their Lecture Notes for Computer Science series. As from CLEF 2005, the Working Notes are published in electronic format only and are distributed to participants at the Workshop on CD-ROM together with the Book of Abstracts in printed form. All reports included in the Working Notes will also be inserted in the DELOS Digital Library, accessible at http://delos-dl.isti.cnr.it. Both Working Notes and Book of Abstracts are divided into eight sections, corresponding to the CLEF 2006 evaluation tracks. In addition appendices are included containing run statistics for the Ad Hoc, Domain-Specific, GeoCLEF and QA tracks, plus a list of all participating groups showing in which track they took part. The main features of the 2006 campaign are briefly outlined here below in order to provide the necessary background to the experiments reported in the rest of the Working Notes.