nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of big data transfer protocols in an international high-speed network

Large-scale scientific installations generate voluminous amounts of data (or big data) every day. These data often need to be transferred using high-speed links (typically with 10 Gb/s or more link capacity) to researchers located around the globe for storage and analysis. Efficiently transferring big data across countries or continents requires specialized big data transfer protocols. Several big data transfer protocols have been proposed in the literature, however, a comparative analysis of these protocols over a long distance international network is lacking in the literature. We present a comparative performance and fairness study of three open-source big data transfer protocols, namely, GridFTP, FDT, and UDT, using a 10 Gb/s high-speed link between New Zealand and Sweden. We find that there is limited performance difference between GridFTP and FDT. GridFTP is stable in terms of handling file system and TCP socket buffer. UDT has an implementation issue that limits its performance. FDT has issues with small buffer size limiting its performance, however, this problem is overcome by using multiple flows. Our work indicates that faster file systems and larger TCP socket buffers in both the operating system and application are useful in improving data transfer rates.
A Chebyshev-Response Step-Impedance Phase-Inverter Rat-Race Coupler Directly on Lossy Silicon Substrate and Its Gilbert Mixer Application

This paper focuses on the analysis and the design methodology of the step-impedance phase-inverter rat-race coupler on a silicon-based process. The issues of impedance limitation and bandwidth are discussed in detail. Our proposed concept utilizes a high silicon dielectric constant, phase-inverter structure, step-impedance technique, and Chebyshev response to make the rat-race coupler more compact (~ 64% reduction) and highly balanced over a wide operating bandwidth. Moreover, the inter-digital coplanar stripline used in the step-impedance section effectively reduces the characteristic impedance of the transmission line for large size shrinkage and insertion-loss reduction. The demonstrated step-impedance rat-race coupler directly on silicon substrate has 6- ~ 7-dB insertion loss from 5 to 15 GHz and small variations in amplitude/phase balance. Compared with our previous work, the proposed rat-race coupler achieves a 3-dB improvement in the insertion loss. Thus, a 0.13-μm CMOS Gilbert down-converter with a miniature phase-inverter rat-race coupler at the RF path for wideband single-to-differential signal conversion achieves a noise figure of 16 dB.
Wiggling through complex traffic: Planning trajectories constrained by predictions

The vision of autonomous driving is piecewise becoming reality. Still the problem of executing the driving task in a safe and comfortable way in all possible environments, for instance highway, city or rural road scenarios is a challenging task. In this paper we present a novel approach to planning trajectories for autonomous vehicles. Hereby we focus on the problem of planning a trajectory, given a specific behavior option, e.g. merging into a specific gap at a highway entrance or a roundabout. Therefore we explicitly take arbitrary road geometry and prediction information of other traffic participants into account. We extend former contributions in this field by providing a flexible problem description and a trajectory planner without specialization to distinct classes of maneuvers beforehand. Using a carefully chosen representation of the dynamic free space, the method is capable of considering multiple lanes including the predicted dynamics of other traffic participants, while being real-time capable at the same time. The combination of those properties in one general planning method represents the novelty of the proposed method. We demonstrate the capability of our algorithm to plan safe trajectories in simulation and in real traffic in real-time.
Preputial flaps to correct buried penis

The authors developed a preputial skin flap technique to correct the buried penis which was simple and practical. This simple procedure can be applied to most boys with buried penis. In the last 3 years, we have seen 12 boys with buried penis and have been treated by using preputial flaps. The mean age is about 5.1 (from 3 to 12). By making a longitudinal incision on the ventral side of penis, the tightness of the foreskin is released and leave a diamond-shaped skin defect. It allows the penile shaft to extend out. A circumferential incision is made about 5 mm proximal to the coronal sulcus. Pedicled preputial flaps are obtained leaving optimal penile skin on the dorsal side. The preputial skin flaps are rotated onto the ventral side and tailored to cover the defect. All patients are followed for at least 3 months. Edema and swelling on the flaps are common, but improves with time. None of our patients need a second operation. The preputial flaps technique is a simple technique which allows surgeons to deal with most cases of buried penis by tailoring the flaps providing good cosmetic and functional results.
Beyond the Turing Test

SPRING 2016 3 Alan Turing’s renowned test on intelligence, commonly known as the Turing test, is an inescapable signpost in AI. To people outside the field, the test — which hinges on the ability of machines to fool people into thinking that they (the machines) are people — is practically synonymous with the quest to create machine intelligence. Within the field, the test is widely recognized as a pioneering landmark, but also is now seen as a distraction, designed over half a century ago, and too crude to really measure intelligence. Intelligence is, after all, a multidimensional variable, and no one test could possibly ever be definitive truly to measure it. Moreover, the original test, at least in its standard implementations, has turned out to be highly gameable, arguably an exercise in deception rather than a true measure of anything especially correlated with intelligence. The much ballyhooed 2015 Turing test winner Eugene Goostman, for instance, pretends to be a thirteen-year-old foreigner and proceeds mainly by ducking questions and returning canned one-liners; it cannot see, it cannot think, and it is certainly a long way from genuine artificial general intelligence. Our hope is to see a new suite of tests, part of what we have
Unusual coexistence of caudal duplication and caudal regression syndromes.

Caudal duplication syndrome includes anomalies of the genitourinary system, gastrointestinal tract, and the distal neural tube. Caudal regression syndrome presents with lumbosacral hypogenesis, anomalies of the lower gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, and limb anomalies. Both happen as a result of insult to the caudal cell mass. We present a child having features consistent with both entities.
Internet-based peer support for parents: a systematic integrative review.

The Internet and social media provide various possibilities for online peer support. The aim of this review was to explore Internet-based peer-support interventions and their outcomes for parents.



A systematic integrative review.



The systematic search was carried out in March 2014 in PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases.



Two reviewers independently screened the titles (n=1793), abstracts and full texts to decide which articles should be chosen. The inclusion criteria were: (1) an Internet-based community as an intervention, or at least as a component of an intervention; (2) the participants in the Internet-based community had to be mothers and/or fathers or pregnant women; (3) the parents had to interact and communicate with each other through the Internet-based community. The data was analysed using content analysis. When analysing peer-support interventions only interventions developed by researchers were included and when analysing the outcomes for the parents, studies that focused on mothers, fathers or both parents were separated.



In total, 38 publications met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies focused on Internet-based peer support between mothers (n=16) or both parents (n=15) and seven focused on fathers. In 16 studies, the Internet-based interventions had been developed by researchers and 22 studies used already existing Internet peer-support groups, in which any person using the Internet could participate. For mothers, Internet-based peer support provided emotional support, information and membership in a social community. For fathers, it provided support for the transition to fatherhood, information and humorous communication. Mothers were more active users of Internet-based peer-support groups than fathers. In general, parents were satisfied with Internet-based peer support. The evidence of the effectiveness of Internet-based peer support was inconclusive but no harmful effects were reported in these reviewed studies.



Internet-based peer support provided informational support for parents and was accessible despite geographical distance or time constraints. Internet-based peer support is a unique form of parental support, not replacing but supplementing support offered by professionals. Experimental studies in this area are needed.
Breathing Detection: Towards a Miniaturized, Wearable, Battery-Operated Monitoring System

This paper analyzes the main challenges associated with noninvasive, continuous, wearable, and long-term breathing monitoring. The characteristics of an acoustic breathing signal from a miniature sensor are studied in the presence of sources of noise and interference artifacts that affect the signal. Based on these results, an algorithm has been devised to detect breathing. It is possible to implement the algorithm on a single integrated circuit, making it suitable for a miniature sensor device. The algorithm is tested in the presence of noise sources on five subjects and shows an average success rate of 91.3% (combined true positives and true negatives).
ACQR: A Novel Framework to Identify and Predict Influential Users in Micro-Blogging

As key roles of online social networks, influential users in micro-blogging have the ability to influence the attitudes or behaviour of others. When it comes to marketing, the users’ influence should be associated with a certain topic or field on which people have different levels of preference and expertise. In order to identify and predict influential users in a specific topic more effectively, users’ actual influential capability on a certain topic and potential influence unlimited by topics is combined into a novel comprehensive framework named “ACQR” in this research. ACQR framework depicts the attributes of the influentials from four aspects, including activeness (A), centrality (C), quality of post (Q) and reputation (R). Based on this framework, a data mining method is developed for discovering and forecasting the top influentials. Empirical results reveal that our ACQR framework and the data mining method by TOPSIS and SVMs (with polynomial and RBF kernels) can perform very well in identifying and predicting influential users in a certain topic (such as iPhone 5). Furthermore, the dynamic change processes of users’ influence from longitudinal perspective are analysed and suggestions to the sales managers are provided.
Downloading textual hidden web content through keyword queries

An ever-increasing amount of information on the Web today is available only through search interfaces: the users have to type in a set of keywords in a search form in order to access the pages from certain Web sites. These pages are often referred to as the Hidden Web or the Deep Web. Since there are no static links to the Hidden Web pages, search engines cannot discover and index such pages and thus do not return them in the results. However, according to recent studies, the content provided by many Hidden Web sites is often of very high quality and can be extremely valuable to many users.In this paper, we study how we can build an effective Hidden Web crawler that can autonomously discover and download pages from the Hidden Web. Since the only "entry point" to a Hidden Web site is a query interface, the main challenge that a Hidden Web crawler has to face is how to automatically generate meaningful queries to issue to the site. Here, we provide a theoretical framework to investigate the query generation problem for the Hidden Web and we propose effective policies for generating queries automatically. Our policies proceed iteratively, issuing a different query in every iteration. We experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of these policies on 4 real Hidden Web sites and our results are very promising. For instance, in one experiment, one of our policies downloaded more than 90% of a Hidden Web site (that contains 14 million documents) after issuing fewer than 100 queries.
Cosine similarity based fingerprinting algorithm in WLAN indoor positioning against device diversity

The fingerprinting location method is commonly used in WLAN indoor positioning system. Device diversity (DD) which leads to Received Signal Strength (RSS) value difference between the users' device and the reference device is becoming an increasingly important factor impacting the positioning accuracy. Thus, the device diversity is a key problem gained more and more attention in fingerprinting location system recently, which introduces many uncertainties to the positioning result. Traditionally, the Euclidean distance is widely adopted in fingerprinting method. However, when encountering with RSS value difference caused by device diversity, the localization performance is degraded significantly. Due to this problem, our paper proposes a method employing cosine similarity instead of the Euclidean distance to improve the positioning accuracy about 13.15% higher within 2 meters when device diversity exists in the positioning. The experiment results show that the proposed method presents a good performance without the expenses of computation caused by calibration method which is employed in many previous works.
Heuristics for High-Utility Local Process Model Mining

Local Process Models (LPMs) describe structured fragments of process behavior occurring in the context of less structured business processes. In contrast to traditional support-based LPM discovery, which aims to generate a collection of process models that describe highly frequent behavior, High-Utility Local Process Model (HU-LPM) discovery aims to generate a collection of process models that provide useful business insights by specifying a utility function. Mining LPMs is a computationally expensive task, because of the large search space of LPMs. In supportbased LPM mining, the search space is constrained by making use of the property that support is anti-monotonic. We show that in general, we cannot assume a provided utility function to be anti-monotonic, therefore, the search space of HU-LPMs cannot be reduced without loss. We propose four heuristic methods to speed up the mining of HU-LPMs while still being able to discover useful HU-LPMs. We demonstrate their applicability on three real-life data sets.
Okapi at TREC-3

During the course of TREC{1 the low-level search functions were split o into a separate Basic Search System (BSS) , but retrieval and ranking of documents was still done using the \classical" probabilistic model of Robertson and Sparck Jones[7] with no account taken of document length or term frequency within document or query. Four runs were submitted to NIST for evaluation: automatic ad hoc, automatic routing, manual ad hoc and manual ad hoc with feedback. The results were undistinguished, although not among the worst. Of the ad hoc runs, the manual was better than the automatic (in which only the CONCEPTS elds of the topics were used), and feedback appeared bene cial.
Based on programmable current buffer 10-bit DAC for AMOLED source driver

The paper proposes a low area 10-bit DAC for AMOLED source driver ICs. The proposed driver consists of a 7-bit gamma correction resistor-string DAC and a 3-bit sub-DAC based on programmable current cell (PCC) within the output buffer. The output buffer with 3-bit sub-DAC could implement voltage interpolation with only two differential pairs and three CMOS switches. This leads to a compact die size. The AMOLED driver is realized in 0.35μm CMOS process with DNL and INL of 0.11 LSB and 0.15 LSB, respectively. The settling time within 0.2% tolerance of the final voltage is 3.7μs with a 30kΩ resistance and 20pF capacitance load.
Reconstructing the feedback polynomial of a linear scrambler with the method of hypothesis testing

Blind identification of the feedback polynomial in a linear scrambler is an important component in the wireless communication systems which have the function of automatic standard recognition and parameter estimation. The following research contains three parts. In the first part, promotion model is deduced based on Cluzeau’s model. Comparative analysis shows the advantage of computational complexity by use of the promotion model. In the second part, the improved method of estimation for the normalised standard deviation is proposed, which plays an important role for the computation time and precision. In the final part, simulation results explain the better practical application of my algorithm compared with Cluzeau’s algorithm and XiaoBei-Liu’s algorithm.
Small-signal analysis of closed-loop PWM boost converter in CCM with complex impedance load

The following closed-loop transfer functions of the boost converter operating in continuous-conduction mode (CCM) supplying a complex impedance load are derived and analyzed: input-to-output voltage Mvcl and reference-to-output Tcl. The load of the boost dc-dc converter is composed of a series-connected resistance and inductance. The dynamic characteristics of the closed-loop boost converter with a third-order double-lead integral compensator are evaluated for different load inductances. The theoretically predicted results are validated through switching-circuit simulations using a suitable converter design example.
Let a Thousand Flowers Bloom? An Early Look at Large Numbers of Software App Developers and Patterns of Innovation

It is often presumed that bringing more members on board a multi-sided platform will stimulate value creation. Here I study the thousands of software producers building applications (“apps”) on leading handheld computer platforms (1999-2004). Consistent with past theory, I find a lock-step link between numbers of producers and varieties of software titles. The narrow, unchanging scope of producers and a series of other patterns are consistent with a pronounced role of specialization and heterogeneity of producers. I also find that while adding producers making different types of software stimulated investment incentives, consistent with network effects, adding producers making similar software crowdedout innovation incentives. The latter of these two effects dominates in this context. The patterns also indicate nonrandom generation and sorting of producers onto platforms, with later cohorts generating systematically less compelling software than earlier cohorts of entrants. Overall, added producers led innovation to become more dependent on population-level diversity, variation and experimentation—while drawing less on the heroic efforts and investments of any one individual innovator.
A Framework for Highly-Available Composed Real-Time Internet Services Bhaskaran Raman Qualifying Examination

Applicationservicesfor theend-userareall importantin today’scommunicationnetworks,andcoulddictatethesuccessor failureof technologyor serviceproviders[39]. It is importantto develop and deploy applicationfunctionality quickly [18]. The ability to compose servicesfrom independentprovidersprovidesa flexible way to quickly build new end-to-endfunctionality. Suchcompositionof services acrossthe network and acrossdifferent serviceproviders becomesespeciallyimportant in the context of growing popularityandheterogeneityin 3G+ accessnetworks and devices[25]. In this work, we provide a framework for constructing such composed services on the Internet. Robustnessandhigh-availability arecrucial for Internet services.While cluster-basedmodelsfor resilienceto failureshave beenbuilt for web-servers[27] aswell asproxy services[11, 4], theseareinadequatein thecontext of composedservices.This is especiallyso whenthe application sessionis long-lived, andfailureshaveto behandledduring asession. In the context of composed services, we address the important and challenging issues of resilience to failures, and adapting to changes in overall performance during longlived sessions. Our framework is basedon a connection-orientedoverlay network of compute-clusterson theInternet.Theoverlay network provides the context for composingservices over the wide-area,and monitoring for livenessand performanceof a session. We have performedinitial analysesof the feasibility of network failure detectionover the wide-areaInternet. And we have a preliminaryevaluation of the overheadassociatedwith suchan overlay network. We presentour plansfor furtherevaluationandrefinement of thearchitecture;andfor examiningissuesrelatedto the creationof theoverlaytopology. 1 Intr oduction Application functionality for the end-useris thedriving force behinddevelopmentof technologyandits adoption. It is importantto be ableto developanddeploy new functionality quickly [18]. Compositionof existing servicesto achieve new functionalityenablessuchquick development throughreuseof alreadydeployed components.Consider for example,thescenarioshown in Figure1. Video-on-demand server Replicated instances Service Provider A
Globally and locally consistent image completion

We present a novel approach for image completion that results in images that are both locally and globally consistent. With a fully-convolutional neural network, we can complete images of arbitrary resolutions by filling-in missing regions of any shape. To train this image completion network to be consistent, we use global and local context discriminators that are trained to distinguish real images from completed ones. The global discriminator looks at the entire image to assess if it is coherent as a whole, while the local discriminator looks only at a small area centered at the completed region to ensure the local consistency of the generated patches. The image completion network is then trained to fool the both context discriminator networks, which requires it to generate images that are indistinguishable from real ones with regard to overall consistency as well as in details. We show that our approach can be used to complete a wide variety of scenes. Furthermore, in contrast with the patch-based approaches such as PatchMatch, our approach can generate fragments that do not appear elsewhere in the image, which allows us to naturally complete the images of objects with familiar and highly specific structures, such as faces.
Nutritional Ecology and Human Health.

In contrast to the spectacular advances in the first half of the twentieth century with micronutrient-related diseases, human nutrition science has failed to stem the more recent rise of obesity and associated cardiometabolic disease (OACD). This failure has triggered debate on the problems and limitations of the field and what change is needed to address these. We briefly review the two broad historical phases of human nutrition science and then provide an overview of the main problems that have been implicated in the poor progress of the field with solving OACD. We next introduce the field of nutritional ecology and show how its ecological-evolutionary foundations can enrich human nutrition science by providing the theory to help address its limitations. We end by introducing a modeling approach from nutritional ecology, termed nutritional geometry, and demonstrate how it can help to implement ecological and evolutionary theory in human nutrition to provide new direction and to better understand and manage OACD.