nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Motion Planning With Applications to Autonomous Urban Driving

This paper describes a real-time motion planning algorithm, based on the rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) approach, applicable to autonomous vehicles operating in an urban environment. Extensions to the standard RRT are predominantly motivated by: 1) the need to generate dynamically feasible plans in real-time; 2) safety requirements; 3) the constraints dictated by the uncertain operating (urban) environment. The primary novelty is in the use of closed-loop prediction in the framework of RRT. The proposed algorithm was at the core of the planning and control software for Team MIT's entry for the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge, where the vehicle demonstrated the ability to complete a 60 mile simulated military supply mission, while safely interacting with other autonomous and human driven vehicles.
Corona Discharge Generated by Dual-Type Electrode Fixed Between Parallel Grounded Strips

Several electrode arrangements have been proposed to enhance the efficiency of insulating materials charging by corona discharge. Recent studies pointed out that the presence of a grounded metallic shield in the proximity of the high-voltage corona electrode increases, the total current measured at the surface of the collecting electrode decreases the corona onset voltage value and enlarges the reparation of current density and the surface potential as well. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the effect of replacing the shield by two parallel grounded strips located in the horizontal plan of the ionizing wire. The experimental results obtained show that the presence of the shield or the two parallel strips in the proximity of the dual wire electrode increases in the same way the corona current at the surface of the plate electrode. Varying the height of the strips and the wire-strips distance could modify significantly the behavior of the corona discharge in such electrode arrangements for both polarities. The characterization of this new electrode configuration could be very useful to the corona charging of different insulating materials in various electrostatic processes. These experiments are discussed in relation with the results of the numerical analysis of the electric field generated by the various electrode configurations. The equipotential lines plots and the electric field lines orientation explain the peculiarities of the corona discharge generated by this electrode arrangement.
Biometric template transformation: a security analysis

One of the critical steps in designing a secure biometric system is protecting the templates of the users that are stored either in a central database or on smart cards. If a biometric template is compromised, it leads to serious security and privacy threats because unlike passwords, it is not possible for a legitimate user to revoke his biometric identifiers and switch to another set of uncompromised identifiers. One methodology for biometric template protection is the template transformation approach, where the template, consisting of the features extracted from the biometric trait, is transformed using parameters derived from a user specific password or key. Only the transformed template is stored and matching is performed directly in the transformed domain. In this paper, we formally investigate the security strength of template transformation techniques and define six metrics that facilitate a holistic security evaluation. Furthermore, we analyze the security of two wellknown template transformation techniques, namely, Biohashing and cancelable fingerprint templates based on the proposed metrics. Our analysis indicates that both these schemes are vulnerable to intrusion and linkage attacks because it is relatively easy to obtain either a close approximation of the original template (Biohashing) or a pre-image of the transformed template (cancelable fingerprints). We argue that the security strength of template transformation techniques must also consider the computational complexity of obtaining a complete pre-image of the transformed template in addition to the complexity of recovering the original biometric template.
Me, My Echo Chamber, and I: Introspection on Social Media Polarization

Homophily — our tendency to surround ourselves with others who share our perspectives and opinions about the world — is both a part of human nature and an organizing principle underpinning many of our digital social networks. However, when it comes to politics or culture, homophily can amplify tribal mindsets and produce “echo chambers” that degrade the quality, safety, and diversity of discourse online. While several studies have empirically proven this point, few have explored how making users aware of the extent and nature of their political echo chambers influences their subsequent beliefs and actions. In this paper, we introduce Social Mirror, a social network visualization tool that enables a sample of Twitter users to explore the politically-active parts of their social network. We use Social Mirror to recruit Twitter users with a prior history of political discourse to a randomized experiment where we evaluate the effects of different treatments on participants’ i) beliefs about their network connections, ii) the political diversity of who they choose to follow, and iii) the political alignment of the URLs they choose to share. While we see no effects on average political alignment of shared URLs, we find that recommending accounts of the opposite political ideology to follow reduces participants’ beliefs in the political homogeneity of their network connections but still enhances their connection diversity one week after treatment. Conversely, participants who enhance their belief in the political homogeneity of their Twitter connections have less diverse network connections 2-3 weeks after treatment. We explore the implications of these disconnects between beliefs and actions on future efforts to promote healthier exchanges in our digital public spheres.
TPA: a transport protocol for ad hoc networks

Several previous works have shown that TCP exhibits poor performance in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The ultimate reason for this is that MANETs behave in a significantly different way from traditional wired networks, like the Internet, for which TCP was originally designed. In this paper we propose a novel transport protocol - named TPA - specifically tailored to the characteristics of the MANET environment. It is based on a completely new congestion control mechanism, and designed in such a way to minimize the number of useless transmissions and, hence, power consumption. Furthermore, it is able to manage efficiently route changes and route failures. We evaluated the TPA protocol in a static scenario where TCP exhibits good performance. Simulation results show that, even in such a scenario, TPA significantly outperforms TCP.
Smartphone pedestrian navigation by foot-IMU sensor fusion

Determining one's own position by means of a smartphone is an important issue for various applications in the fields of personal navigation or location-based services. Places like large airports, shopping malls or extensive underground parking lots require personal navigation but satellite signals and GPS connection cannot be obtained. Thus, alternative or complementary systems are needed. In this paper a system concept to integrate a foot-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) with an Android smartphone is presented. We developed a prototype to demonstrate and evaluate the implementation of pedestrian strapdown navigation on a smartphone. In addition to many other approaches we also fuse height measurements from a barometric sensor in order to stabilize height estimation over time. A very low-cost single-chip IMU is used to demonstrate applicability of the outlined system concept for potential commercial applications. In an experimental study we compare the achievable accuracy with a commercially available IMU. The evaluation shows very competitive results on the order of a few percent of traveled distance. Comparing performance, cost and size of the presented IMU the outlined approach carries an enormous potential in the field of indoor pedestrian navigation.
Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research.

The "tragedy of the commons" metaphor helps explain why people overuse shared resources. However, the recent proliferation of intellectual property rights in biomedical research suggests a different tragedy, an "anticommons" in which people underuse scarce resources because too many owners can block each other. Privatization of biomedical research must be more carefully deployed to sustain both upstream research and downstream product development. Otherwise, more intellectual property rights may lead paradoxically to fewer useful products for improving human health.
The decycling number of graphs

For a graph G and S ⊂ V (G), if G−S is acyclic, then S is said to be a decycling set of G. The size of a smallest decycling set of G is called the decycling number of G. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of recent results and open problems on this parameter. Results to be reviewed include recent work on decycling numbers of cubes, grids and snakes and bounds on the decycling number of cubic graphs, and expected bounds on the decycling numbers of random regular graphs. A structural description of graphs with a fixed decycling number based on connectivity is also presented.
Engineering of Aspergillus niger for the production of secondary metabolites

Filamentous fungi can each produce dozens of secondary metabolites which are attractive as therapeutics, drugs, antimicrobials, flavour compounds and other high-value chemicals. Furthermore, they can be used as an expression system for eukaryotic proteins. Application of most fungal secondary metabolites is, however, so far hampered by the lack of suitable fermentation protocols for the producing strain and/or by low product titers. To overcome these limitations, we report here the engineering of the industrial fungus Aspergillus niger to produce high titers (up to 4,500 mg • l−1) of secondary metabolites belonging to the class of nonribosomal peptides. For a proof-of-concept study, we heterologously expressed the 351 kDa nonribosomal peptide synthetase ESYN from Fusarium oxysporum in A. niger. ESYN catalyzes the formation of cyclic depsipeptides of the enniatin family, which exhibit antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer activities. The encoding gene esyn1 was put under control of a tunable bacterial-fungal hybrid promoter (Tet-on) which was switched on during early-exponential growth phase of A. niger cultures. The enniatins were isolated and purified by means of reverse phase chromatography and their identity and purity proven by tandem MS, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The initial yields of 1 mg • l−1 of enniatin were increased about 950 fold by optimizing feeding conditions and the morphology of A. niger in liquid shake flask cultures. Further yield optimization (about 4.5 fold) was accomplished by cultivating A. niger in 5 l fed batch fermentations. Finally, an autonomous A. niger expression host was established, which was independent from feeding with the enniatin precursor d-2-hydroxyvaleric acid d-Hiv. This was achieved by constitutively expressing a fungal d-Hiv dehydrogenase in the esyn1-expressing A. niger strain, which used the intracellular α-ketovaleric acid pool to generate d-Hiv. This is the first report demonstrating that A. niger is a potent and promising expression host for nonribosomal peptides with titers high enough to become industrially attractive. Application of the Tet-on system in A. niger allows precise control on the timing of product formation, thereby ensuring high yields and purity of the peptides produced.
Efficient GPU-based training of recurrent neural network language models using spliced sentence bunch

Recurrent neural network language models (RNNLMs) are becoming increasingly popular for a range of applications inc luding speech recognition. However, an important issue that li mi s the quantity of data, and hence their possible application a reas, is the computational cost in training. A standard appro ach to handle this problem is to use class-based outputs, allowi ng systems to be trained on CPUs. This paper describes an alternative approach that allows RNNLMs to be efficiently trained on GPUs. This enables larger quantities of data to be used, an d networks with an unclustered, full output layer to be traine d. To improve efficiency on GPUs, multiple sentences are “spliced ” together for each mini-batch or “bunch” in training. On a lar ge vocabulary conversational telephone speech recognition t ask, the training time was reduced by a factor of 27 over the standard CPU-based RNNLM toolkit. The use of an unclustered, full output layer also improves perplexity and recognition performance over class-based RNNLMs.
Variable rolling circles , Orthogonal cycloidal trajectories , Envelopes of variable circles .-Part XIV-Draft-2 C .

We recall some properties of cycloidal curves well known for being defined as roulettes of circles of fixed radius and present a generation using using variable circles as a generalisation of traditional roulettes and a different approach of these well known curves. We present two types of associated epiand hypo-cycloids with orthogonality properties and give a new point of view at classical examples. We describe couples of associated cycloidals that can rotate inside a couple of cycloidal envelopes and stay constantly crossing at right angle. 1 Epicycles and Cycloidals : Astronomy has used epicycles for a long time to describe, before Kepler and Newton, the motion of planet in the ptolemaic system. This theory of epicyles was not really explanatory and imposed to use the composition of circle motion (epicycles) to complete the description of the trajectory. Rolling curves in the plane (or roulettes) used to study only curves assimilated to rigid objects. These roulettes, as the well known cycloid, were studied by many mathematicians of sixteenth century : Pascal, Huygens, Roemer, La Hire, Mc Laurin, and many others. They present individually a great number of geometric properties and collectively other fascinating particularities generated by the rolling of circles or by envelopes of moving circles in the plane. We can find on the web many pages about cycloidal curves with supernatural properties isolated or collectively with special motions that seems nearly impossible see examples on (9), (10), (11) web pages -. All are generated by only rotation and rolling of circles on other circles. The cycloidals generated, when algebraic so generated as roulettes by two circles (fixed and rolling) with radii in a rational ratio have wonderful geometrical specificities studied since a long
Evaluation of Apelin and Insulin Resistance in Patients with PCOS and Therapeutic Effect of Drospirenone-Ethinylestradiol Plus Metformin

The aim of this study was to determine the relevance of apelin and insulin resistance (IR) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to assess the possible therapeutic effect of the combined therapy of drospirenone-ethinylestradiol (DRSP-EE) combined with metformin.



Sixty-three PCOS patients and 40 non-PCOS infertile patients were recruited. The fasting serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), glucose (FBG), insulin (FINS), and apelin at the early follicular phase were measured. To further investigate the relation between apelin and IR, we treated the PCOS patients with DRSP-EE (1 tablet daily, 21 d/month) plus metformin (500 mg tid) for 3 months. All of the above indices were measured again after treatment.



1) Levels of apelin, LH, LH/FSH, T, and FINS, as well as homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) in PCOS patients, were significantly higher than in the control group before treatment. 2) These indices significantly decreased after treatment with DRSP-EE plus metformin. 3) Correlation analysis showed that apelin level was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), FINS level, and HOMA-IR.



Apelin level significantly increased in PCOS patients. The combined therapy of DRSP-EE plus metformin not only decreases IR, but also improves apelin level. This combination is a superior approach for PCOS treatment.
CDBFIP: Common Database Forensic Investigation Processes for Internet of Things

Database forensics is a domain that uses database content and metadata to reveal malicious activities on database systems in an Internet of Things environment. Although the concept of database forensics has been around for a while, the investigation of cybercrime activities and cyber breaches in an Internet of Things environment would benefit from the development of a common investigative standard that unifies the knowledge in the domain. Therefore, this paper proposes common database forensic investigation processes using a design science research approach. The proposed process comprises four phases, namely: 1) identification; 2) artefact collection; 3) artefact analysis; and 4) the documentation and presentation process. It allows the reconciliation of the concepts and terminologies of all common database forensic investigation processes; hence, it facilitates the sharing of knowledge on database forensic investigation among domain newcomers, users, and practitioners.
A Bayesian Approach to Model Checking Biological Systems

Recently, there has been considerable interest in the use of Model Checking for Systems Biology. Unfortunately, the state space of stochastic biological models is often too large for classical Model Checking techniques. For these models, a statistical approach to Model Checking has been shown to be an effective alternative. Extending our earlier work, we present the first algorithm for performing statistical Model Checking using Bayesian Sequential Hypothesis Testing. We show that our Bayesian approach outperforms current statistical Model Checking techniques, which rely on tests from Classical (aka Frequentist) statistics, by requiring fewer system simulations. Another advantage of our approach is the ability to incorporate prior Biological knowledge about the model being verified. We demonstrate our algorithm on a variety of models from the Systems Biology literature and show that it enables faster verification than state-of-the-art techniques, even when no prior knowledge is available.
3D reconstruction by fitting low-rank matrices with missing data

A technique for building consistent 3D reconstructions from many views based on fitting a low rank matrix to a matrix with missing data is presented. Rank-four submatrices of minimal, or slightly larger, size are sampled and spans of their columns are combined to constrain a basis of the fitted matrix. The error minimized is expressed in terms of the original subspaces which leads to a better resistance to noise compared to previous methods. More than 90% of the missing data can be handled while finding an acceptable solution efficiently. Applications to 3D reconstruction using both affine and perspective camera models are shown. For the perspective model, a new linear method based on logarithms of positive depths from chirality is introduced to make the depths consistent with an overdetermined set of epipolar geometries. Results are shown for scenes and sequences of various types. Many images in open and closed sequences in narrow and wide base-line setups are reconstructed with reprojection errors around one pixel. It is shown that reconstructed cameras can be used to obtain dense reconstructions from epipolarly aligned images.
American Heart Association/american College of Cardiology Foundation/heart Rhythm Society scientific statement on noninvasive risk stratification techniques for identifying patients at risk for sudden cardiac death: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardi

T he International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision , defines sudden cardiac death (SCD) as death due to any cardiac disease that occurs out of hospital, in an emergency department, or in an individual reported dead on arrival at a hospital. In addition, death must have occurred within 1 hour after the onset of symptoms. SCD may be due to ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, or nonarrhythmic causes. 1 For the purpose of this scientific statement on noninvasive risk stratification for primary prevention of SCD, SCD will specifically refer to death due to reversible ventricular tachyarrhythmias, because this is the focus of the risk stratification techniques to be discussed. Among patients with SCD, an overwhelming majority have some form of structural heart disease; this statement will be limited to risk stratification techniques for ischemic, dilated, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Although other types of structural heart disease and inherited ion channel abnormalities are also associated with a risk for SCD, the risk stratification strategies and data in these entities are diverse and are beyond the scope of this document. The annual incidence of sudden arrhythmic deaths has been estimated between 184 000 and 462 000. The American Heart Association has promoted the concept of the " chain of survival, " which includes early access to medical care, early cardiopulmonary resuscitation, early defibrillation, and early advanced care. Many of these interventions have improved survival. Despite all of these advances, however, overall mortality from a cardiac arrest remains high, which under-The American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology Foundation, and the Heart Rhythm Society make every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.or distribution of this document are not permitted without the express permission of the American Heart Association. Instructions for obtaining permission are located at http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml? identifierϭ4431. A link to the " Permission Request Form " appears on the right side of the page.
Design of AXI bus interface modules on FPGA

This paper describes the design and implementation of programmable AXI bus Interface modules in Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) and implementation in Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA. All the interface modules are reconfigurable with the data size, burst type, number of transfers in a burst. Multiple masters can communicate with different slave memory locations concurrently. An arbiter controls the burst grant to different bus masters based on Round Robin algorithm. Separate decoder modules are implemented for write address channel, write data channel, write response channel, read address channel, read data channel. The design can support a maximum of 16 masters. All the RTL simulations are performed using Modelsim RTL Simulator. Each independent module is synthesized in XC3S250EPQ208-5 FPGA and the maximum speed is found to be 298.958 MHz. All the design modules can be integrated to create a soft IP for the AXI BUS system.