nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Discriminative Training Techniques for Acoustic Language Identification

This paper presents comparison of maximum likelihood (ML) and discriminative maximum mutual information (MMI) training for acoustic modeling in language identification (LID). Both approaches are compared on state-of-the-art shifted delta-cepstra features, the results are reported on data from NIST 2003 evaluations. Clear advantage of MMI over ML training is shown. Further improvements of acoustic LID are discussed: heteroscedastic linear discriminant analysis (HLDA) for feature de-correlation and dimensionality reduction and ergodic hidden Markov models (EHMM) for better modeling of dynamics in the acoustic space. The final error rate compares favorably to other results published on NIST 2003 data
Adjusting dysarthric speech signals to be more intelligible

This paper presents a system that transforms the speech signals of speakers with physical speech disabilities into a more intelligible orm that can be more easily understood by listeners. These transformations are based on the correction of pronunciation errors y the removal of repeated sounds, the insertion of deleted sounds, the devoicing of unvoiced phonemes, the adjustment of the empo of speech by phase vocoding, and the adjustment of the frequency characteristics of speech by anchor-based morphing of he spectrum. These transformations are based on observations of disabled articulation including improper glottal voicing, lessened ongue movement, and lessened energy produced by the lungs. This system is a substantial step towards full automation in speech ransformation without the need for expert or clinical intervention. Among human listeners, recognition rates increased up to 191% (from 21.6% to 41.2%) relative to the original speech by using he module that corrects pronunciation errors. Several types of modified dysarthric speech signals are also supplied to a standard utomatic speech recognition system. In that study, the proportion of words correctly recognized increased up to 121% (from 72.7% o 87.9%) relative to the original speech, across various parameterizations of the recognizer. This represents a significant advance owards human-to-human assistive communication software and human–computer interaction.
Comparison of different attributes in modeling a FSM based vending machine in 2 different styles

Vending Machine as we all know is a machine which can vend different products which is more like an automated process with no requirement of man handling which we normally see in fast moving cities because of fast paced life. This paper compares different aspects like area, timing constraint, speed, power dissipation of a vending machine with 2 different design styles algorithm while installation. FSM based algorithm has been utilized to simulate model, synthesize the machine on the stratix III family of FPGA provided with quartus design tool which is logic device design software from Altera.
Beard infantile hemangioma and subglottic involvement: are median pattern and telangiectatic aspect the clue?

Identification of patient at risk of subglottic infantile hemangioma (IH) is challenging because subglottic IH can grow fast and cause airway obstruction with a fatal course.



To refine the cutaneous IH pattern at risk of subglottic IH.



Prospective and retrospective review of patients with cutaneous IH involving the beard area. IHs were classified in the bilateral pattern group (BH) or in the unilateral pattern group (UH). Infantile hemangioma topography, subtype (telangiectatic or tuberous), ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations and subglottic involvement were recorded.



Thirty-one patients (21 BH and 10 UH) were included during a 20-year span. Nineteen patients (16 BH and 3 UH) had subglottic hemangioma. BH and UH group overlap on the median pattern (tongue, gum, lips, chin and neck). Median pattern, particularly the neck area and telangiectatic subtype of IH were significantly associated with subglottic involvement.



Patients presenting with telangiectatic beard IH localized on the median area need early ENT exploration. They should be treated before respiratory symptoms occur.
Annual Review of Ecology , Evolution , and Systematics Biogeography and Biotic Assembly of Indo-Pacific Corvoid Passerine Birds

The archipelagos that form the transition between Asia and Australia were immortalized by Alfred Russel Wallace’s observations on the connections between geography and animal distributions, which he summarized in what became the first major modern biogeographic synthesis. Wallace traveled the island region for eight years, during which he noted the marked faunal discontinuity across what has later become known as Wallace’s Line. Wallace was intrigued by the bewildering diversity and distribution of life he discovered. But even today we ask ourselves how species formed within the region and why they are not evenly distributed. Biogeography, phylogeny, dispersal, biotic interactions, and abiotic factors affect the assembly of diversity. On the basis of a decade of research on the ecology, evolution, and systematics of corvoid passerine birds, we summarize what we have learned about the biogeography and assembly of island bird diversity. Corvoid passerine birds include nearly 800 species and 2,300 named taxa and thus represent a large, well-described, and globally distributed clade. Understanding the processes influencing biodiversity in this group is certain to deepen our general understanding of ecology and evolution in the context of biogeography and faunal assembly.
On some common compressive sensing recovery algorithms and applications - Review paper

Compressive Sensing, as an emerging technique in signal processing is reviewed in this paper together with its’ common applications. As an alternative to the traditional signal sampling, Compressive Sensing allows a new acquisition strategy with significantly reduced number of samples needed for accurate signal reconstruction. The basic ideas and motivation behind this approach are provided in the theoretical part of the paper. The commonly used algorithms for missing data reconstruction are presented. The Compressive Sensing applications have gained significant attention leading to an intensive growth of signal processing possibilities. Hence, some of the existing practical applications assuming different types of signals in real-world scenarios are described and analyzed as well.
The boron transporter BnaC4.BOR1;1c is critical for inflorescence development and fertility under boron limitation in Brassica napus.

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the uptake and distribution of B in allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus) are unclear. Here, we identified a B transporter of rapeseed, BnaC4.BOR1;1c, which is expressed in shoot nodes and involved in distributing B to the reproductive organs. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing a BnaC4.BOR1;1c promoter-driven GUS reporter gene showed strong GUS activity in roots, nodal regions of the shoots and immature floral buds. Overexpressing BnaC4.BOR1;1c in Arabidopsis wild type or in bor1-1 mutants promoted wild-type growth and rescued the bor1-1 mutant phenotype. Conversely, knockdown of BnaC4.BOR1;1c in a B-efficient rapeseed line reduced B accumulation in flower organs, eventually resulting in severe sterility and seed yield loss. BnaC4.BOR1;1c RNAi plants exhibited large amounts of disintegrated stigma papilla cells with thickened cell walls accompanied by abnormal proliferation of lignification under low-B conditions, indicating that the sterility may be a result of altered cell wall properties in flower organs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that BnaC4.BOR1;1c is a AtBOR1-homologous B transporter gene expressing in both roots and shoot nodes that is essential for the developing inflorescence tissues, which highlights its diverse functions in allotetraploid rapeseed compared with diploid model plant Arabidopsis.
Coarsening Massive Influence Networks for Scalable Diffusion Analysis

Fueled by the increasing popularity of online social networks, social influence analysis has attracted a great deal of research attention in the past decade. The diffusion process is often modeled using influence graphs, and there has been a line of research that involves algorithmic problems in influence graphs. However, the vast size of today's real-world networks raises a serious issue with regard to computational efficiency.
 In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for reducing influence graphs. Given an input influence graph, the proposed algorithm produces a vertex-weighted influence graph, which is compact and approximates the diffusion properties of the input graph. The central strategy of influence graph reduction is coarsening, which has the potential to greatly reduce the number of edges by merging a vertex set into a single weighted vertex. We provide two implementations; a speed-oriented implementation which runs in linear time with linear space and a scalability-oriented implementation which runs in practically linear time with sublinear space. Further, we present general frameworks using our compact graphs that accelerate existing algorithms for influence maximization and influence estimation problems, which are motivated by practical applications, such as viral marketing. Using these frameworks, we can quickly obtain solutions that have accuracy guarantees under a reasonable assumption. Experiments with real-world networks demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can scale to billion-edge graphs and reduce the graph size to up to 4%. In addition, our influence maximization framework achieves four times speed-up of a state-of-the-art D-SSA algorithm, and our influence estimation framework cuts down the computation time of a simulation-based method to 3.5%.
Serious Games for Upper Limb Rehabilitation Following Stroke

Stroke is a leading cause of severe physical disability, causing a range of impairments.  Frequently stroke survivors are left with partial paralysis on one side of the body and movement can be severely restricted in the affected side’s hand and arm.  We know that effective rehabilitation must be early, intensive and repetitive, which leads to the challenge of how to maintain motivation for people undergoing therapy.  This paper discusses why games may be an effective way of addressing the problem of engagement in therapy and analyses which game design patterns may be important for rehabilitation.  We present a number of serious games that our group has developed for upper limb rehabilitation.  Results of an evaluation of the games are presented which indicate that they may be appropriate for people with stroke.
Treatment of erectile dysfunction by perineal exercise, electromyographic biofeedback, and electrical stimulation.

Only a few investigators have described the involvement of the perineal muscles in the process of human erection. The aim of this research was to evaluate a re-education program for men with erection problems of different etiologies.



Fifty-one patients with erectile dysfunction were treated with pelvic-floor exercises, biofeedback, and electrical stimulation.



The results of the interventions can be summarized as follows: 24 patients (47%) regained a normal erection, 12 patients (24%) improved, and 6 patients (12%) did not make any progress. Nine patients (18%) did not complete the therapy. On the basis of several variables, a prediction equation was generated to determine the factors that would predict the effect of the interventions. The outcome was most favorable in men with venous-occlusive dysfunction.



Comparison of the results of the physical therapy protocol reported here with those obtained for other interventions reported in the literature shows that a pelvic-floor muscle program may be a noninvasive alternative for the treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction caused by venous occlusion.
There are differences in cerebral activation between females in distinct menstrual phases during viewing of erotic stimuli: a fMRI study

There is evidence that men experience more sexual arousal than women but also that women in mid-luteal phase experience more sexual arousal than women outside this phase. Recently, a few functional brain imaging studies have tackled the issue of gender differences as pertaining to reactions to erotica. The question of whether or not gender differences in reactions to erotica are maintained with women in different phases has not yet been answered from a functional brain imaging perspective. In order to examine this issue, functional MRI was performed in 22 male and 22 female volunteers. Subjects viewed erotic film excerpts alternating with emotionally neutral excerpts in a standard block-design paradigm. Arousal to erotic stimuli was evaluated using standard rating scales after scanning. Two-sample t-test with uncorrected P<0.001 values for a priori determined region of interests involved in processing of erotic stimuli and with corrected P<0.05 revealed gender differences: Comparing women in mid-luteal phase and during their menses, superior activation was revealed for women in mid-luteal phase in the anterior cingulate, left insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. A superior activation for men was found in the left thalamus, the bilateral amygdala, the anterior cingulate, the bilateral orbitofrontal, bilateral parahippocampal, and insular regions, which were maintained at a corrected P in the amygdala, the insula, and thalamus. There were no areas of significant superior activation for women neither in mid-luteal phase nor during their menses. Our results indicate that there are differences between women in the two cycle times in cerebral activity during viewing of erotic stimuli. Furthermore, gender differences with women in mid-luteal phases are similar to those in females outside the mid-luteal phase.
A novel diode-clamped CSTBT with ultra-low on-state voltage and saturation current

A novel diode-clamped carrier stored trench bipolar transistor (CSTBT) with improved performances is proposed. The improvement has been achieved by introducing a P-layer region under the trench gate, which is connected to the cathode electrode through two integrated series diodes. In the blocking-state, almost all of the reverse voltage is sustained by P-layer/N-drift junction, which makes the doping concentration of the carrier stored layer is independent of the breakdown voltage, thus overcoming the inherited on-state versus breakdown tradeoff appearing in conventional CSTBT. Furthermore, drain-to-source voltage of the NMOS in the channel region is clamped by the two integrated series diodes in the on-state, resulting in an ultra-low saturation current of the proposed CSTBT. The simulation results show that the saturation current and on-state voltage drop of the proposed CSTBT are reduced by 72.6% and 29.1% respectively, compared with the conventional one.
Best practices in business process redesign: use and impact

This paper seeks to provide business process redesign (BPR) practitioners and academics with insight into the most popular heuristics to derive improved process designs.  An online survey was carried out in the years 2003-2004 among a wide range of experienced BPR practitioners in the UK and The Netherlands.  The survey indicates that this “top ten” of best practices is indeed extensively used in practice. Moreover, indications for their business impact have been collected and classified.  The authors’ estimations of best practices effectiveness differed from feedback obtained from respondents, possibly caused by the design of the survey instrument. This is food for further research.  The presented framework can be used by practitioners to keep the various aspects of a redesign in perspective. The presented list of BPR best practices is directly applicable to derive new process designs.  This paper addresses the subject of process redesign, rather than the more popular subject of process reengineering. As such, it fills in part an existing gap in knowledge.
A light weight stemmer for Bengali and its use in spelling checker

Stemming is an operation that splits a word into the constituent root part and affix without doing complete morphological analysis. It is used to improve the performance of spelling checkers and information retrieval applications, where morphological analysi would be too computationally expensive. For spelling checkers specifically, using stemming may drastically reduce the dictionary size, often a bottleneck for mobile and embedded devices. This paper presents a computationally inexpensive stemming algorithm for Bengali, which handles suffix removal in a domain independent way. The evaluation of the proposed algorithm in a Bengali spelling checker indicates that it can be effectively used in information retrieval applications in general.
Impedance Measurement System for Determination of Capacitive Electrode Coupling

Capacitive electrodes have been studied as an alternative to gel electrodes, as they allow measurement of biopotentials without conductive contact with the patient. However, because the skin interface is not as precisely defined as with gel electrodes, this could lead to signal deformation and misdiagnoses. Thus, measurement of a capacitive coupling of the electrodes may allow to draw conclusions about the applicability of such systems. In addition, combining capacitive biosignal sensing with an impedance measurement unit may enable bioimpedance measurements, from which additional information on the hydration status can be extracted. A prototype system is introduced which measures impedance over capacitive electrodes in parallel with biopotential measurements. Also presented are the first results on characterization of the skin electrode coupling achieved with the system.
Learning to Fuse 2D and 3D Image Cues for Monocular Body Pose Estimation

Most recent approaches to monocular 3D human pose estimation rely on Deep Learning. They typically involve regressing from an image to either 3D joint coordinates directly or 2D joint locations from which 3D coordinates are inferred. Both approaches have their strengths and weaknesses and we therefore propose a novel architecture designed to deliver the best of both worlds by performing both simultaneously and fusing the information along the way. At the heart of our framework is a trainable fusion scheme that learns how to fuse the information optimally instead of being hand-designed. This yields significant improvements upon the state-of-the-art on standard 3D human pose estimation benchmarks.
A cross-linguistic study of early word meaning : universal ontology and linguistic influence

This research concerns how children learn the distinction between substance names and ohjcct names. Quinc (1969) proposed that children learn the distinction through learning the syntactic distinctions inherent in countlmasc grammar. However. Soja et al. ( 1991) found that English-speaking 2-ycar-olds. who did not seem to have acquired countlmass grammar. distinguished objects from substances in a word extension task, suggesting a pre-lingut\tic ontological distinction. T o test whether the distinction between ohject names and substance names i s conceptually or linguistically driven. we repeated Soja et al.'s study with Englishand Japanese-spaking 2-, 2.5-. and 4-year-olds and adults. Japanese does not make a countmass grammatical distinction: all inanimate nouns are treated alikc. Thus i f young Japanese children made the object-substance distinction i n word meaning. this would support the early ontology position over the linguistic influence position. We used three types o f standards: srthsrmices (e.g.. sand i n an S-shape), simple ohjecrs (e.g.. a kidney-shaped piece o f paraffin) and complex ohjccfs (e.$.. a W C W ~ whisk). The suhjccts learned novel nouns in ncutral syntax denoting each standard entity. They were then asked which of the two alternatives one matching i n shape hut not material and the other matching in material hut not shape would also be named by the same lahel. The results suggest the universal use o f ontological knowledge i n early word learning. Children in hoth languages showed differentiation between (complex) ohjects and suh\tances as early as 2 years o f age. However. there were also early cross-linguiztic differences. American apd Japanese children generabed the simple object instances and the \(thstance instances differently. We speculate that children universally make a distinction hctween individuals and non-individuals i n word learning hut that the nature of the categories and the hnundary between them is influenced by language.  A l l rights reserved.  Comsponding author.
Salient Region Detection and Segmentation

Detection of salient image regions is useful for applications like image segmentation, adaptive compression, and region-based image retrieval. In this paper we present a novel method to determine salient regions in images using low-level features of luminance and color. The method is fast, easy to implement and generates high quality saliency maps of the same size and resolution as the input image. We demonstrate the use of the algorithm in the segmentation of semantically meaningful whole objects from digital images.
A case of cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease (CRDD) with underlying calvarial involvement and absence of BRAFV600E mutation

CRDD: cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease LCH: Langerhans cell histiocytosis RDD: Rosai-Dorfman disease R osai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a benign histiocytic proliferation that most commonly presents with painless bilateral lymphadenopathy and constitutional symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and night sweats. RDD is considered by many to be a reaction pattern with several different manifestations, especially as clonality has not been documented to support it representing a neoplasm per se. Classic histologic features include histiocytes that are S100 protein positive, are CD1a , and demonstrate emperipolesis. Cutaneous lesions can occur in about 10% of patients, however, RDD limited only to cutaneous involvement is particularly rare. Moreover, concomitant cutaneous RDD (CRDD) and bone RDD has rarely been reported in the English-language literature. Here, we presented a case of CRDD on the scalp with underlying bony involvement.
TYPE D LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS: AN UNCOMMON VARIANT. A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is an indolent form of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, currently classified together with primary cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma within the spectrum of CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by presenting as a clinically benign but histopathological malignant disease. Clinical features consist in recurrent waxing and waning red papules. Histopathologically, there are 4 variants recognized, Type A or Hystiocitic type, being the most frecuent of all, Type B or Mycosis fungoides-like, Type C or Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma-like and Type D, the most recently described and uncommon variant with features similar to Cutaneous Aggressive CD8-Positive Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphoma. We present a case of a 22-year-old female with multiple papules and nodules in trunk and limbs that after histopathological and immunochemical examination was compatible with Type D LyP. It is important to report this case, as a perfect example of an uncommon variant of LyP, with emphasis in its typical clinical, histopathological and inmunohistochemical findings and review of the literature.