nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis Based on Neuropredictors and Wavelet Signal Processing

Early detection and diagnosis of incipient faults is desirable for online condition assessment, product quality assurance and improved operational efficiency of induction motors running off power supply mains. In this paper, a model-based fault diagnosis system is developed for induction motors, using recurrent dynamic neural networks for transient response prediction and multi-resolution signal processing for nonstationary signal feature extraction. In addition to nameplate information required for the initial setup, the proposed diagnosis system uses measured motor terminal currents and voltages, and motor speed. The effectiveness of the diagnosis system is demonstrated through staged motor faults of electrical and mechanical origin. The developed system is scalable to different power ratings and it has been successfully demonstrated with data from 2.2-, 373-, and 597-kW induction motors. Incremental tuning is used to adapt the diagnosis system during commissioning on a new motor, significantly reducing the system development time.
Uplink non-orthogonal multiple access for 5G wireless networks

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) as well as other orthogonal multiple access techniques fail to achieve the system capacity limit in the uplink due to the exclusivity in resource allocation. This issue is more prominent when fairness among the users is considered in the system. Current Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques introduce redundancy by coding/spreading to facilitate the users' signals separation at the receiver, which degrade the system spectral efficiency. Hence, in order to achieve higher capacity, more efficient NOMA schemes need to be developed. In this paper, we propose a NOMA scheme for uplink that removes the resource allocation exclusivity and allows more than one user to share the same subcarrier without any coding/spreading redundancy. Joint processing is implemented at the receiver to detect the users' signals. However, to control the receiver complexity, an upper limit on the number of users per subcarrier needs to be imposed. In addition, a novel subcarrier and power allocation algorithm is proposed for the new NOMA scheme that maximizes the users' sum-rate. The link-level performance evaluation has shown that the proposed scheme achieves bit error rate close to the single-user case. Numerical results show that the proposed NOMA scheme can significantly improve the system performance in terms of spectral efficiency and fairness comparing to OFDMA.
Art and Science for Life : Designing and Growing Virtual Plants with L − systems

Virtual plants are computer models that recreate the structure and simulate the development of plants. Virtual plant modeling is an interdisciplinary area combining mathematical formalisms, biological knowledge, and computer graphics techniques. An important modeling method is based on the theory of Lindenmayer systems (L−systems). At present, L−system models make it possible to: (a) accurately reproduce the structure and development of plants; (b) show how architectural parameters (e.g., branching angles, elongation rates, vigor of branches) affect the appearance of plants; (c) simulate plant physiology and investigate the effects of manipulations (e.g., pruning, bonsai techniques) or different external conditions (e.g., local light microclimate, water availability, crowding) on plant development; and (d) simulate plants not only in isolation, but also in their ecological contexts. Currently constructed research models also address the genetic basis of plant form. In horticulture, the models are potentially useful as an exploration tool, indicating desirable directions of breeding and manipulating ornamental plants for maximum visual impact, and fruit plants for maximum yield. Other applications include fundamental research and teaching of biology, and landscape design. This paper describes the current state of the L−system−based modeling methodology as supported by L−studio and Virtual Laboratory, plant modeling software developed at the University of Calgary.
Efficacy of nerve root versus interspinous injections of glucocorticoids in the treatment of disk-related sciatica. A pilot, prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

Pilot study comparing the short-term efficacy on pain and functional impairment of nerve root sheath versus interspinous glucocorticoid injections in patients admitted to a French rheumatology department for disk-related sciatica or femoral neuralgia.



Thirty patients with refractory nerve root pain (sciatica, n = 29; femoral neuralgia, n = 1) for a mean of four months were randomized to nerve root injection (n = 17) or interspinous injection (n = 13) of the same mixture of 0.10 g of lidocaine hydrochloride and 3.75 mg of cortivazol. Both injection methods were performed under analgesia and benzodiazepine sedation to maintain double blinding. Each patient was evaluated daily during the first seven days of bed rest in the hospital, then after discharge on postinjection day 28.



Prompt pain relief was obtained in both groups. On day 1, the mean pain scale score (0-100) fell from 70 +/- 3.9 to 26 +/- 5.6 in the nerve root group and from 63 +/- 4 to 23 +/- 4.7 in the interspinous group. These results were sustained on D7 and D28.



The unusually high level of efficacy of glucocorticoid injection in our study may be ascribable in part to strong placebo and Hawthorne effects and in part to the intrinsic effects of the injections. Whether nerve root injection is superior over interspinous injection remains unproven.
Enclothed cognition

a r t i c l e i n f o We introduce the term " enclothed cognition " to describe the systematic influence that clothes have on the wearer's psychological processes. We offer a potentially unifying framework to integrate past findings and capture the diverse impact that clothes can have on the wearer by proposing that enclothed cognition involves the co-occurrence of two independent factors—the symbolic meaning of the clothes and the physical experience of wearing them. As a first test of our enclothed cognition perspective, the current research explored the effects of wearing a lab coat. A pretest found that a lab coat is generally associated with atten-tiveness and carefulness. We therefore predicted that wearing a lab coat would increase performance on attention-related tasks. In Experiment 1, physically wearing a lab coat increased selective attention compared to not wearing a lab coat. In Experiments 2 and 3, wearing a lab coat described as a doctor's coat increased sustained attention compared to wearing a lab coat described as a painter's coat, and compared to simply seeing or even identifying with a lab coat described as a doctor's coat. Thus, the current research suggests a basic principle of enclothed cognition—it depends on both the symbolic meaning and the physical experience of wearing the clothes. " What a strange power there is in clothing. " ~Isaac Bashevis Singer Nobel Prize winning author Isaac Bashevis Singer asserts that the clothes we wear hold considerable power and sway. In line with this assertion, bestselling books such as Dress for Success by John T. Molloy and TV shows like TLC's What Not to Wear emphasize the power that clothes can have over others by creating favorable impressions. Indeed, a host of research has documented the effects that people's clothes have on the perceptions and reactions of others. High school students' clothing styles influence perceptions of academic prowess among peers and teachers (Behling & Williams, 1991). Teaching assistants who wear formal clothes are perceived as more intelligent, but as less interesting than teaching assistants who wear less formal clothes (Morris, Gorham, Cohen, & Huffman, 1996). When women dress in a masculine fashion during a recruitment interview, they are more likely to be hired (Forsythe, 1990), and when they dress sexily in prestigious jobs, they are perceived as less competent (Glick, Larsen, Johnson, & Branstiter, 2005). Clients are more likely to return to formally dressed therapists …
The Differentiation of Self Inventory: Development and Initial Validation

In this paper, we present the developmert and initial validation of a new self-report instrument, the Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI). T. DSI represents the first attempt to create a multi-dimensional measure of differentiation based on Bowen Theory, focusing specifically on adults (ages 25 +), their current significant relationships, and their relations with families of origin. Principal components factor analysis on a sample of 313 normal adults (mean age = 36.8) suggested four dimensions: Emotional Reactivity, Reactive Distancing, Fusion with Parents, and "I" Position. Scales constructed from these factors were found to be moderately correlated in the expected direction, internally consistent, and significantly predictive of trait anxiety. The potential contribution of the DSI is discussed -for testing Bowen Theory, as a clinical assessment tool, and as an indicator of psychotherapeutic outcome.
Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children.

This study presents a two-degree customized animated stimulus developed to evaluate smooth pursuit in children and investigates the effect of its predetermined characteristics (stimulus type and size) in an adult population. Then, the animated stimulus is used to evaluate the impact of different pursuit motion paradigms in children.



To study the effect of animating a stimulus, eye movement recordings were obtained from 20 young adults while the customized animated stimulus and a standard dot stimulus were presented moving horizontally at a constant velocity. To study the effect of using a larger stimulus size, eye movement recordings were obtained from 10 young adults while presenting a standard dot stimulus of different size (1° and 2°) moving horizontally at a constant velocity. Finally, eye movement recordings were obtained from 12 children while the 2° customized animated stimulus was presented after three different smooth pursuit motion paradigms. Performance parameters, including gains and number of saccades, were calculated for each stimulus condition.



The animated stimulus produced in young adults significantly higher velocity gain (mean: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90-0.96; P = .014), position gain (0.93; 0.85-1; P = .025), proportion of smooth pursuit (0.94; 0.91-0.96, P = .002), and fewer saccades (5.30; 3.64-6.96, P = .008) than a standard dot (velocity gain: 0.87; 0.82-0.92; position gain: 0.82; 0.72-0.92; proportion smooth pursuit: 0.87; 0.83-0.90; number of saccades: 7.75; 5.30-10.46). In contrast, changing the size of a standard dot stimulus from 1° to 2° did not have an effect on smooth pursuit in young adults (P > .05). Finally, smooth pursuit performance did not significantly differ in children for the different motion paradigms when using the animated stimulus (P > .05).



Attention-grabbing and more dynamic stimuli, such as the developed animated stimulus, might potentially be useful for eye movement research. Finally, with such stimuli, children perform equally well irrespective of the motion paradigm used.
Vision-guided Robot System for Picking Objects by Casting Shadows

We present a complete vision guided robot system for model based 3D pose estimation and picking of singulated 3D objects. Our system employs a novel vision sensor consisting of a video camera surrounded by eight flashes (light emitting diodes). By capturing images under different flashes and observing the shadows, depth edges or silhouettes in the scene are obtained. The silhouettes are segmented into different objects and each silhouette is matched across a database of object silhouettes in different poses to find the coarse 3D pose. The database is pre-computed using a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model of the object. The pose is refined using a fully projective formulation [ACB98] of Lowe’s model based pose estimation algorithm [Low91, Low87]. The estimated pose is transferred to robot coordinate system utilizing the handeye and camera calibration parameters, which allows the robot to pick the object. Our system outperforms conventional systems using 2D sensors with intensity-based features as well as 3D sensors. We handle complex ambient illumination conditions, challenging specular backgrounds, diffuse as well as specular objects, and texture-less objects, on which traditional systems usually fail. Our vision sensor is capable of computing depth edges in real time and is low cost. Our approach is simple and fast for practical implementation. We present real experimental results using our custom designed sensor mounted on a robot arm to demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique.  This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.  2009 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
How to critically appraise an article

Critical appraisal is a systematic process used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a research article in order to assess the usefulness and validity of research findings. The most important components of a critical appraisal are an evaluation of the appropriateness of the study design for the research question and a careful assessment of the key methodological features of this design. Other factors that also should be considered include the suitability of the statistical methods used and their subsequent interpretation, potential conflicts of interest and the relevance of the research to one's own practice. This Review presents a 10-step guide to critical appraisal that aims to assist clinicians to identify the most relevant high-quality studies available to guide their clinical practice.
Tool Wear Monitoring Tool Wear Monitoring Using Acoustic Emission

This research work highlights the effects of acoustic emission (AE) signals emitted during the milling of H13 tool steel as an important parameter in the identification of tool wear. These generated AE signals provide information on the chip formation, wear, fracture and general deformation. Furthermore, it is aimed at implementing an online monitoring system for machine tools, using a sensor fusion approach to adequately determine process parameters necessary for creating an adequate tool change timing schedule for machining operations. Tool Wear Monitoring, acoustic emission, milling
A survey of grammatical inference in software engineering

Grammatical inference – used successfully in a variety of fields such as pattern recognition, computational biology and natural language processing – is the process of automatically inferring a grammar by examining the sentences of an unknown language. Software engineering can also benefit from grammatical inference. Unlike these other fields, which use grammars as a convenient tool to model naturally occuring patterns, software engineering treats grammars as first-class objects typically created and maintained for a specific purpose by human designers. We introduce the theory of grammatical inference and review the state of the art as it relates to software engineering.
A balanced High Voltage IGBT design with ultra dynamic ruggedness and area-efficient edge termination

In this paper, a balanced High Voltage (HV) IGBT is presented. The proposed HV IGBT is composed of three technologies: Wide Cell Pitch CSTBTTM(III) for cell structure, Partial P collector utilizing LPT(II) buffer for vertical structure, and a novel area-efficient edge termination design. We called the above edge termination design “Linearly-narrowed Field Limiting Ring (LNFLR)”. The experiment results of a balanced 4500 V class IGBT show that the device maintains an excellent dynamic ruggedness with a 50% cut in edge termination width comparing to the conventional Field Limiting Ring (FLR) design. Moreover, optimizing fabrication process can further widen the process window for LNFLR dose.
Are mutants a valid substitute for real faults in software testing?

A good test suite is one that detects real faults. Because the set of faults in a program is usually unknowable, this definition is not useful to practitioners who are creating test suites, nor to researchers who are creating and evaluating tools that generate test suites. In place of real faults, testing research often uses mutants, which are artificial faults -- each one a simple syntactic variation -- that are systematically seeded throughout the program under test. Mutation analysis is appealing because large numbers of mutants can be automatically-generated and used to compensate for low quantities or the absence of known real faults. Unfortunately, there is little experimental evidence to support the use of mutants as a replacement for real faults. This paper investigates whether mutants are indeed a valid substitute for real faults, i.e., whether a test suite’s ability to detect mutants is correlated with its ability to detect real faults that developers have fixed. Unlike prior studies, these investigations also explicitly consider the conflating effects of code coverage on the mutant detection rate. Our experiments used 357 real faults in 5 open-source applications that comprise a total of 321,000 lines of code. Furthermore, our experiments used both developer-written and automatically-generated test suites. The results show a statistically significant correlation between mutant detection and real fault detection, independently of code coverage. The results also give concrete suggestions on how to improve mutation analysis and reveal some inherent limitations.
NAVIGATING THE MIX-SPACE : THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL LEVEL-BALANCING TECHNIQUE IN MULTITRACK MUSIC MIXTURES

The mixing of audio signals has been at the foundation of audio production since the advent of electrical recording in the 1920’s, yet the mathematical and psychological bases for this activity are relatively under-studied. This paper investigates how the process of mixing music is conducted. We introduce a method of transformation from a “gainspace” to a “mix-space”, using a novel representation of the individual track gains. An experiment is conducted in order to obtain time-series data of mix engineers exploration of this space as they adjust levels within a multitrack session to create their desired mixture. It is observed that, while the exploration of the space is influenced by the initial configuration of track gains, there is agreement between individuals on the appropriate gain settings required to create a balanced mixture. Implications for the design of intelligent music production systems are discussed.
A Query Focused Multi Document Automatic Summarization

The present paper describes the development of a query focused multi-document automatic summarization. A graph is constructed, where the nodes are sentences of the documents and edge scores reflect the correlation measure between the nodes. The system clusters similar texts having related topical features from the graph using edge scores. Next, query dependent weights for each sentence are added to the edge score of the sentence and accumulated with the corresponding cluster score. Top ranked sentence of each cluster is identified and compressed using a dependency parser. The compressed sentences are included in the output summary. The inter-document cluster is revisited in order until the length of the summary is less than the maximum limit. The summarizer has been tested on the standard TAC 2008 test data sets of the Update Summarization Track. Evaluation of the summarizer yielded accuracy scores of 0.10317 (ROUGE-2) and 0.13998 (ROUGE–SU-4).
A Model-Based Security Toolkit for the Internet of Things

The control and protection of user data is a very important aspect in the design and deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT). The heterogeneity of the IoT technologies, the number of the participating devices and systems, and the different types of users and roles create important challenges in the IoT context. In particular, requirements of scalability, interoperability and privacy are difficult to address even with the considerable amount of existing work both in the research and standardization community. In this paper we propose a Model-based Security Toolkit, which is integrated in a management framework for IoT devices, and supports specification and efficient evaluation of security policies to enable the protection of user data. Our framework is applied to a Smart City scenario in order to demonstrate its feasibility and performance.
More Guidelines Than Rules: CSRF Vulnerabilities from Noncompliant OAuth 2.0 Implementations

OAuth 2.0 provides an open framework for the authorization of users across the web. While the standard enumerates mandatory security protections for a variety of attacks, many embodiments of this standard allow these protections to be optionally implemented. In this paper, we analyze the extent to which one particularly dangerous vulnerability, Cross Site Request Forgery, exists in realworld deployments. We crawl the Alexa Top 10,000 domains, and conservatively identify that 25% of websites using OAuth appear vulnerable to CSRF attacks. We then perform an in-depth analysis of four high-profile case studies, which reveal not only weaknesses in sample code provided in SDKs, but also inconsistent implementation of protections among services provided by the same company. From these data points, we argue that protection against known and sometimes subtle security vulnerabilities can not simply be thrust upon developers as an option, but instead must be strongly enforced by Identity Providers before allowing web applications to connect.
Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP

In this paper, a new approach for handling fuzzy AHP is introduced, with the use of triangular fuzzy numbers for pairwise comprison scale of fuzzy AHP, and the use of the extent analysis method for the synthetic extent value S i of the pairwise comparison. By applying the principle of the comparison of fuzzy numbers, that is, V ( M l >1 M 2) = 1 iff mj >i m z, V ( M z >/M~) = hgt(M~ A M z) =/xM,(d), the vectors of weight with respect to each element under a certain criterion are represented by d( A i) = min V(S i >1 Sk), k = 1, 2 . . . . . n; k -4= i. This decision process is demonstrated by an example.