nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modular architectures, knowledge assets and organisational learning: new management processes for product creation

This paper considers the impacts of adopting modular product and process architectures on the organization of product creation processes and on the kinds of organizational learning which can take place within modular product creation processes. The discussion elaborates the concepts of modular product and process architectures and explains how use of modular product and process architectures influences an organization’s knowledge, in effect creating modular knowledge architectures in an organization. Effective management of modular knowledge architectures enables greater clarity in identifying an organization’s current knowledge assets and greater precision in targeting strategically useful organizational learning. Adopting modular architectures leads to changes not only in the nature of the technological work performed in an organization, but also in the kinds of knowledge assets the organization creates, the way learning occurs at both individual and organizational levels, and the human resource characteristics of the organization. These changes in turn call for complementary changes in performance assessment metrics, incentive structure designs, the nature of the employment relationship, and the management practices of an organization, especially with regard to the management of creative processes.
Injury- and inflammation-driven skin fibrosis: The paradigm of epidermolysis bullosa.

Genetic or acquired destabilization of the dermal extracellular matrix evokes injury- and inflammation-driven progressive soft tissue fibrosis. Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), a heritable human skin fragility disorder, is a paradigmatic disease to investigate these processes. Studies of DEB have generated abundant new information on cellular and molecular mechanisms at play in skin fibrosis which are not only limited to intractable diseases, but also applicable to some of the most common acquired conditions. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the biological and mechanical mechanisms driving the dermal fibrosis in DEB. Much of this progress is owed to the implementation of cell and tissue omics studies, which we pay special attention to. Based on the novel findings and increased understanding of the disease mechanisms in DEB, translational aspects and future therapeutic perspectives are emerging.
Culture and biology in the origins of linguistic structure

Language is systematically structured at all levels of description, arguably setting it apart from all other instances of communication in nature. In this article, I survey work over the last 20 years that emphasises the contributions of individual learning, cultural transmission, and biological evolution to explaining the structural design features of language. These 3 complex adaptive systems exist in a network of interactions: individual learning biases shape the dynamics of cultural evolution; universal features of linguistic structure arise from this cultural process and form the ultimate linguistic phenotype; the nature of this phenotype affects the fitness landscape for the biological evolution of the language faculty; and in turn this determines individuals' learning bias. Using a combination of computational simulation, laboratory experiments, and comparison with real-world cases of language emergence, I show that linguistic structure emerges as a natural outcome of cultural evolution once certain minimal biological requirements are in place.
Adversarial learning for modeling human motion

We investigate how adversarial learning may be used for various animation tasks related to human motion synthesis. We propose a learning framework that we decline for building various models corresponding to various needs: a random synthesis generator that randomly produces realistic motion capture trajectories; conditional variants that allow controlling the synthesis by providing high-level features that the animation should match; a style transfer model that allows transforming an existing animation in the style of another one. Our work is built on the adversarial learning strategy that has been proposed in the machine learning field very recently (2014) for learning accurate generative models on complex data, and that has been shown to provide impressive results, mainly on image data. We report both objective and subjective evaluation results on motion capture data performed under emotion, the Emilya Dataset. Our results show the potential of our proposals for building models for a variety of motion synthesis tasks.
Deblurred of Image with Wiener Filter in MATLAB

This paper represents how to de-blurred image with Wiener filter with information of the Point Spread Function (PSF) corrupted blurred image with different values and then corrupted by additive noise. Image is restored using Wiener deconvolution (it works in the frequency domain, attempting to minimize the impact of deconvoluted noise at frequencies which have a poor signal-to-noise ratio). Noise-to-signal ratio is used to control of noise. For better restoration of the blurred and noisy images, there is use of full autocorrelations functions (ACF). ACF is recovered through fast Fourier transfer shifting.
Psychometric Comparisons of Benevolent and Corrective Humor across 22 Countries: The Virtue Gap in Humor Goes International

Recently, two forms of virtue-related humor, benevolent and corrective, have been introduced. Benevolent humor treats human weaknesses and wrongdoings benevolently, while corrective humor aims at correcting and bettering them. Twelve marker items for benevolent and corrective humor (the BenCor) were developed, and it was demonstrated that they fill the gap between humor as temperament and virtue. The present study investigates responses to the BenCor from 25 samples in 22 countries (overall N = 7,226). The psychometric properties of the BenCor were found to be sufficient in most of the samples, including internal consistency, unidimensionality, and factorial validity. Importantly, benevolent and corrective humor were clearly established as two positively related, yet distinct dimensions of virtue-related humor. Metric measurement invariance was supported across the 25 samples, and scalar invariance was supported across six age groups (from 18 to 50+ years) and across gender. Comparisons of samples within and between four countries (Malaysia, Switzerland, Turkey, and the UK) showed that the item profiles were more similar within than between countries, though some evidence for regional differences was also found. This study thus supported, for the first time, the suitability of the 12 marker items of benevolent and corrective humor in different countries, enabling a cumulative cross-cultural research and eventually applications of humor aiming at the good.
A novel conical horn antenna loaded with ball cone dielectric

A novel conical horn antenna loaded with ball cone dielectric is designed in this paper. The design method of the dielectric surface equation is given. The comparison between the smooth wall conical horn antenna and the four types of horn antennas, the dielectric lens-corrected horn antenna, the dielectric loaded horn antenna, the cone dielectric loaded horn antenna, and the ball cone dielectric loaded horn antenna is well discussed. Simulations show that the ball cone dielectric loaded horn antenna has advantages of wide frequency band, high gain, small reflection, low peck cross-polarization level, symmetrical beam, sharp lobe, and low sidelobes. The antenna is characterized by simple structure, low cost, manufacture easily. Both as a direct radiator, and used as a feed for reflector antennas, the antenna has very good performance.
Game-Based Video-Context Dialogue

Current dialogue systems focus more on textual and speech context knowledge and are usually based on two speakers. Some recent work has investigated static image-based dialogue. However, several real-world human interactions also involve dynamic visual context (similar to videos) as well as dialogue exchanges among multiple speakers. To move closer towards such multimodal conversational skills and visually-situated applications, we introduce a new video-context, many-speaker dialogue dataset based on livebroadcast soccer game videos and chats from Twitch.tv. This challenging testbed allows us to develop visually-grounded dialogue models that should generate relevant temporal and spatial event language from the live video, while also being relevant to the chat history. For strong baselines, we also present several discriminative and generative models, e.g., based on tridirectional attention flow (TriDAF). We evaluate these models via retrieval ranking-recall, automatic phrasematching metrics, as well as human evaluation studies. We also present dataset analyses, model ablations, and visualizations to understand the contribution of different modalities and model components.
A Critical Review of the Bacterial Baptism Hypothesis and the Impact of Cesarean Delivery on the Infant Microbiome

Numerous studies suggest that infants delivered by cesarean section are at a greater risk of non-communicable diseases than their vaginal counterparts. In particular, epidemiological studies have linked Cesarean delivery with increased rates of asthma, allergies, autoimmune disorders, and obesity. Mode of delivery has also been associated with differences in the infant microbiome. It has been suggested that these differences are attributable to the "bacterial baptism" of vaginal birth, which is bypassed in cesarean deliveries, and that the abnormal establishment of the early-life microbiome is the mediator of later-life adverse outcomes observed in cesarean delivered infants. This has led to the increasingly popular practice of "vaginal seeding": the iatrogenic transfer of vaginal microbiota to the neonate to promote establishment of a "normal" infant microbiome. In this review, we summarize and critically appraise the current evidence for a causal association between Cesarean delivery and neonatal dysbiosis. We suggest that, while Cesarean delivery is certainly associated with alterations in the infant microbiome, the lack of exposure to vaginal microbiota is unlikely to be a major contributing factor. Instead, it is likely that indication for Cesarean delivery, intrapartum antibiotic administration, absence of labor, differences in breastfeeding behaviors, maternal obesity, and gestational age are major drivers of the Cesarean delivery microbial phenotype. We, therefore, call into question the rationale for "vaginal seeding" and support calls for the halting of this practice until robust evidence of need, efficacy, and safety is available.
Nonbacterial Causes of Lymphangitis with Streaking.

Lymphangitic streaking, characterized by linear erythema on the skin, is most commonly observed in the setting of bacterial infection. However, a number of nonbacterial causes can result in lymphangitic streaking. We sought to elucidate the nonbacterial causes of lymphangitic streaking that may mimic bacterial infection to broaden clinicians' differential diagnosis for patients presenting with lymphangitic streaking.



We performed a review of the literature, including all available reports pertaining to nonbacterial causes of lymphangitic streaking.



Various nonbacterial causes can result in lymphangitic streaking, including viral and fungal infections, insect or spider bites, and iatrogenic etiologies.



Awareness of potential nonbacterial causes of superficial lymphangitis is important to avoid misdiagnosis and delay the administration of appropriate care.
Design of Virtual Reality Systems for Education: A Cognitive Approach

One of the main problems with virtual reality as a learning tool is that there are hardly any theories or models upon which to found and justify the application development. This paper presents a model that defends the metaphorical design of educational virtual reality systems. The goal is to build virtual worlds capable of embodying the knowledge to be taught: the metaphorical structuring of abstract concepts looks for bodily forms of expression in order to make knowledge accessible to students. The description of a case study aimed at learning scientific categorization serves to explain and implement the process of metaphorical projection. Our proposals are based on Lakoff and Johnson's theory of cognition, which defends the conception of the embodied mind, according to which most of our knowledge relies on basic metaphors derived from our bodily experience.
Focal-Enhanced Gastritis in Regressive Autism with Features Distinct from Crohn's and Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis

Immunohistochemistry allowed recent recognition of a distinct focal gastritis in Crohn's disease. Following reports of lymphocytic colitis and small bowel enteropathy in children with regressive autism, we aimed to see whether similar changes were seen in the stomach. We thus studied gastric antral biopsies in 25 affected children, in comparison to 10 with Crohn's disease, 10 with Helicobacter pylori infection, and 10 histologically normal controls. All autistic, Crohn's, and normal patients were H. pylori negative.Snap-frozen antral biopsies were stained for CD3, CD4, CD8, γδ T cells, HLA-DR, IgG, heparan sulphate proteoglycan, IgM, IgA, and C1q. Cell proliferation was assessed with Ki67.RESULTS:Distinct patterns of gastritis were seen in the disease states: diffuse, predominantly CD4+ infiltration in H. pylori, and focal-enhanced gastritis in Crohn's disease and autism, the latter distinguished by striking dominance of CD8+ cells, together with increased intraepithelial lymphocytes in surface, foveolar and glandular epithelium. Proliferation of foveolar epithelium was similarly increased in autism, Crohn's disease and H. pylori compared to controls. A striking finding, seen only in 20/25 autistic children, was colocalized deposition of IgG and C1q on the subepithelial basement membrane and the surface epithelium.These findings demonstrate a focal CD8-dominated gastritis in autistic children, with novel features. The lesion is distinct from the recently recognized focal gastritis of Crohn's disease, which is not CD8-dominated. As in the small intestine, there is epithelial deposition of IgG.
The use of pornography during the commission of sexual offenses.

The goal of this study was to examine the use of pornographic materials by sex offenders during the commission of their crimes. A sample of 561 sex offenders was examined. There were 181 offenders against children, 144 offenders against adults, 223 incest offenders, 8 exhibitionists, and 5 miscellaneous cases. All but four cases were men. A total of 96 (17%) offenders had used pornography at the time of their offenses. More offenders against children than against adults used pornography in the offenses. Of the users, 55% showed pornographic materials to their victims and 36% took pictures, mostly of child victims. Nine cases were involved in the distribution of pornography. Results showed that pornography plays only a minor role in the commission of sexual offenses, however the current findings raise a major concern that pornography use in the commission of sexual crimes primarily involved child victims.
From ACE to ZINC Examples on the use of SDTM Controlled Terminology for lab tests

The mapping of lab tests to the Laboratory Test Code controlled terminology in CDISC-SDTM § can be a challenge. One has to find candidates in the extensive controlled terminology list. Then there can be multiple lab tests that map to a single SDTM controlled term. This means additional variables must be used in order to produce a unique test definition (e.g. LBCAT, LBSPEC, LBMETHOD and/or LBELTM). Finally, it can occur that a controlled term is not available and a code needs to be defined in agreement with the rules for Lab tests. This paper describes my experience with the implementation of SDTM controlled terminology for lab tests during an SDTM conversion activity. In six clinical studies 124 lab tests were mapped to 101 SDTM controlled terms. The lab tests included routine lab parameters, coagulation parameters, hormones, glucose tolerance test and pregnancy test.  This paper aims to give detailed examples of SDTM LB datasets that were created for six studies included in an FDA submission. Background information on the conversion project that formed the context of this work can be found in an earlier PhUSE contribution . With the exception of part of the hormone data all laboratory data of these studies had been extracted from the Oracle Clinical TM NORMLAB2 system, which delivered complete and standardized lab data, i.e. standardized parameter (lab test) names, values, units and ranges. Subsequently, these NORMLAB2 extracts had been enriched with derived variables and records, following internal data standards and conventions, to form standardized analysis-ready datasets. These were the basis for conversion to SDTM LB datasets. The combined source datasets of the six studies held 124 distinct lab tests, which were mapped to 101 distinct lab controlled terms. Controlled terminology for lab tests is part of the SDTM terminology, which is published on the NCI EVS website . New lab test terms have been released for public review through a series of packages [3], starting in 2007. Since version 3.1.2. of the SDTM Implementation Guide , the use of SDTM controlled terminology for lab tests is assumed for LBTESTCD and LBTEST (codelists C65047 and C67154). Table 1 provides an overview of the number of lab tests per study in the source data vs. the SDTM datasets (i.e. the number of LBTEST/LBTESTCD codes) and shows how these codes were distributed across different lab test categories. A set of 22 ‘routine safety parameters’ occurred in all four phase III studies (001-004), with 16 tests occurring in all six studies. § Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium Study Data Tabulation Model δ National Cancer Institute Enterprise Vocabulary Services
Points of Interest Detection from Multiple Sensor-Rich Videos in Geo-Space

Recently, the popularity of user generated videos has highlighted efficient video indexing and browsing as an urgent problem. Points of interest (POI) detection is a technique to address this issue by establishing the implicit relationship among different media resources. The majority of existing studies detect POI by visual similarity, leveraging computer vision techniques. However, these methods suffer from high computational complexity when processing large-scale video sets and are challenging due to the sparse visual correlation among different consumer videos. The advent of geo-referenced videos provides an opportunity to detect POIs in an efficient manner. In this work, we first propose a probability model to formulate the capture intention distribution for video frames. Second, we detect the POIs by considering the contributions from multiple videos. Evaluations demonstrate that our algorithm successfully detects POIs with a reduced error distance from several dozens to a few meters.
Case Report: Induced Lactation in a Transgender Woman

Our report describes a case of nonpuerperal induced lactation in a transgender woman.  We present the relevant clinical and laboratory findings, along with a review of the relevant literature.  A 30-year-old transgender woman who had been receiving feminizing hormone therapy for the past 6 years presented to our clinic with the goal of being able to breastfeed her adopted infant. After implementing a regimen of domperidone, estradiol, progesterone, and breast pumping, she was able to achieve sufficient breast milk volume to be the sole source of nourishment for her child for 6 weeks. This case illustrates that, in some circumstances, modest but functional lactation can be induced in transgender women.
Analyzing features learned for Offline Signature Verification using Deep CNNs

Research on Offline Handwritten Signature Verification explored a large variety of handcrafted feature extractors, ranging from graphology, texture descriptors to interest points. In spite of advancements in the last decades, performance of such systems is still far from optimal when we test the systems against skilled forgeries - signature forgeries that target a particular individual. In previous research, we proposed a formulation of the problem to learn features from data (signature images) in a Writer-Independent format, using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), seeking to improve performance on the task. In this research, we push further the performance of such method, exploring a range of architectures, and obtaining a large improvement in state-of-the-art performance on the GPDS dataset, the largest publicly available dataset on the task. In the GPDS-160 dataset, we obtained an Equal Error Rate of 2.74%, compared to 6.97% in the best result published in literature (that used a combination of multiple classifiers). We also present a visual analysis of the feature space learned by the model, and an analysis of the errors made by the classifier. Our analysis shows that the model is very effective in separating signatures that have a different global appearance, while being particularly vulnerable to forgeries that very closely resemble genuine signatures, even if their line quality is bad, which is the case of slowly-traced forgeries.
Instantaneous Kinematics and Design of a Novel Redundant Parallel Manipulator

In this paper we study the velocity and acceleration relations of a novel redundant parallel manipulator. Through this study, we derive the Jacobian matrices of the inverse and direct velocity problems. Moreover, we introduce two practical designs that are kinematically equivalent t o the ideal manipulator. The proposed manipulator has potential t o be used in a wade range of applications f rom space robotics t o highly dexterous flight simulators.
Convex Optimization of Wireless Power Transfer Systems With Multiple Transmitters

Wireless power transfer systems with multiple transmitters promise advantages of higher transfer efficiencies and focusing effects over single-transmitter systems. From the standard formulation, straightforward maximization of the power transfer efficiency is not trivial. By reformulating the problem, a convex optimization problem emerges, which can be solved efficiently. Further, using Lagrangian duality theory, analytical results are found for the achievable maximum power transfer efficiency and all parameters involved. With these closed-form results, planar and coaxial wireless power transfer setups are investigated.
DIFFUSE-INTERFACE METHODS IN FLUID MECHANICS

We review the development of diffuse-interface models of hydrodynamics and their application to a wide variety of interfacial phenomena. These models have been applied successfully to situations in which the physical phenomena of interest have a length scale commensurate with the thickness of the interfacial region (e.g. near-critical interfacial phenomena or small-scale flows such as those occurring near contact lines) and fluid flows involving large interface deformations and/or topological changes (e.g. breakup and coalescence events associated with fluid jets, droplets, and large-deformation waves). We discuss the issues involved in formulating diffuse-interface models for single-component and binary fluids. Recent applications and computations using these models are discussed in each case. Further, we address issues including sharp-interface analyses that relate these models to the classical free-boundary problem, computational approaches to describe interfacial phenomena, and models of fully miscible fluids.