nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous myiasis caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga

Die kutane Myiasis ist eine temporäre Besiedlung der Haut beim Menschen oder beim Vertebraten durch Fliegenlarven von vor allem zwei Spezies. In Zentral- und Südamerika wird die kutane Myiasis meist durch die Larven der Dermatobia hominis verursacht, in Afrika meist von Larven der Cordylobia sp. Wir beschreiben einen Fall von kutaner Myiasis bei einer Familie, die von einer 3-wöchigen Reise aus Ghana zurückgekehrt war. Die Parasiten (ca. 1–2 cm im Durchmesser und 0,5–1 cm hohe tumorähnliche Schwellungen) wurden vom Rücken des 48-jährigen Mannes, von der Nase, der Schulter und einem Handgelenk seiner 47-jährigen Frau sowie vom Rücken der 14-jährigen Tochter entfernt. Die Parasiten wurden als Larven der Cordylobia antropophaga Fliege indentifiziert. Nach Entfernung der ungefähr 8 mm großen Larven heilten die Läsionen innerhalb von 2 Wochen ohne weitere Therapie. Fälle von kutaner Myiasis beim Menschen sind höchstwahrscheinlich häufiger als angenommen, weil viele nicht diagnostiziert bzw. nicht veröffentlicht werden. Da Reisen in tropische und suptropische Gebiete aber immer häufiger werden, sollten Kliniker und Labors bei Furunkel-ähnlichen Läsionen auch an die Möglichkeit einer solchen Cordylobia-Myiasis denken. Dies gilt vor allem für Reisende, die aus dem tropischen Afrika zurückkehren. Cutaneous myiasis is a temporary parasitic infestation of the skin of human and other vertebrates by fly larvae, primarily species of the flies Dermatobia and Cordylobia. In Central and South America cutaneous myiasis is mainly caused by the larvae of Dermatobia hominis; in Africa it is mostly due to the larvae of Cordylobia spp. We describe a case of cutaneous myiasis in a family who returned to Slovenia from a three-week trip to Ghana. The parasites, in tumor-like swellings about 1–2 cm in diameter and 0.5–1 cm high, were removed from the back of the 48-year-old man, the nose, shoulder and wrist of his 47-year-old wife, and the back of their 14-year-old daughter. The parasites were identified as larvae of the fly C. anthropophaga. After removal of the larvae, which were oval-shaped and about 8 mm long, the lesions healed in two weeks without further treatment. Human cases of cutaneous myiasis are most probably underreported because many remain undiagnosed or unpublished. Because of increasing travel to tropical and subtropical areas, clinical and laboratory staff will need to be more alert to the possibility of Cordylobia myiasis in patients with furuncle-like lesions, particularly in individuals who have recently returned from tropical Africa.
Ubiquitous Commerce : Ubiquitous Computing Based Commerce

With the rapid advancement in field of networking and communications, no aspect of human life is untouched. Commercial activities are also affected by the new advancements. Traditional commercial activities are changed and modified with the passage of time. Firstly, the age of E-Commerce arrived, then M-Commerce. Now, after E-Commerce and M-Commerce, the age of Ultimate Commerce is arrived. Any time/ Always/ Anywhere service providing is the key to this ultimate or ubiquitous commerce. This paper studies the concept of ubiquitous computing and its adaption to commerce with new issues associated. KeywordsUbiquitous computing, Ubiquitous commerce.
Time- and Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) for Next-Generation PON Stage 2 (NG-PON2)

The next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2) effort was initiated by the full service access network (FSAN) in 2011 to investigate on upcoming technologies enabling a bandwidth increase beyond 10 Gb/s in the optical access network. The FSAN meeting in April 2012 selected the time- and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) as a primary solution to NG-PON2. In this paper, we summarize the TWDM-PON research in FSAN by reviewing the basics of TWDM-PON and presenting the world's first full-system 40 Gb/s TWDM-PON prototype. After introducing the TWDM-PON architecture, we explore TWDM-PON wavelength plan options to meet the NG-PON2 requirements. TWDM-PON key technologies and their respective level of development are further discussed to investigate its feasibility and availability. The first full-system 40 Gb/s TWDM-PON prototype is demonstrated to provide 40 Gb/s downstream and 10 Gb/s upstream bandwidth. This full prototype system offers 38 dB power budget and supports 20 km distance with a 1:512 split ratio. It coexists with commercially deployed Gigabit PON (G-PON) and 10 Gigabit PON (XG-PON) systems. The operator-vendor joint test results testify that TWDM-PON is achievable by the reuse and integration of commercial devices and components.
Human vs. Computer in Scene and Object Recognition

Several decades of research in computer and primate vision have resulted in many models (some specialized for one problem, others more general) and invaluable experimental data. Here, to help focus research efforts onto the hardest unsolved problems, and bridge computer and human vision, we define a battery of 5 tests that measure the gap between human and machine performances in several dimensions (generalization across scene categories, generalization from images to edge maps and line drawings, invariance to rotation and scaling, local/global information with jumbled images, and object recognition performance). We measure model accuracy and the correlation between model and human error patterns. Experimenting over 7 datasets, where human data is available, and gauging 14 well-established models, we find that none fully resembles humans in all aspects, and we learn from each test which models and features are more promising in approaching humans in the tested dimension. Across all tests, we find that models based on local edge histograms consistently resemble humans more, while several scene statistics or "gist" models do perform well with both scenes and objects. While computer vision has long been inspired by human vision, we believe systematic efforts, such as this, will help better identify shortcomings of models and find new paths forward.
Analyzing Personality through Social Media Profile Picture Choice

The content of images users post to their social media is driven in part by personality. In this study, we analyze how Twitter profile images vary with the personality of the users posting them. In our main analysis, we use profile images from over 66,000 users whose personality we estimate based on their tweets. To facilitate interpretability, we focus our analysis on aesthetic and facial features and control for demographic variation in image features and personality. Our results show significant differences in profile picture choice between personality traits, and that these can be harnessed to predict personality traits with robust accuracy. For example, agreeable and conscientious users display more positive emotions in their profile pictures, while users high in openness prefer more aesthetic photos.
A micro-adjusting attitude mechanism for autonomous drilling robot end-effector

Drilling end-effector is a key unit in autonomous drilling robot. The perpendicularity of the hole has an important influence on the quality of airplane assembly. Aiming at the robot drilling perpendicularity, a micro-adjusting attitude mechanism and a surface normal measurement algorithm are proposed in this paper. In the mechanism, two rounded eccentric discs are used and the small one is embedded in the big one, which makes the drill’s point static when adjusting the drill’s attitude. Thus, removal of drill’s point position after adjusting the drill attitude can be avoided. Before the micro-adjusting progress, four non-coplanar points in space are used to determine a unique sphere. The normal at the drilling point is measured by four laser ranging sensors. The adjusting angles at which the motors should be rotated to adjust attitude can be calculated by using the deviation between the normal and the drill axis. Finally, the motors will drive the two eccentric discs to achieve micro-adjusting progress. Experiments on drilling robot system and the results demonstrate that the adjusting mechanism and the algorithm for surface normal measurement are effective with high accuracy and efficiency. (1)设计一种微型姿态调整机构, 实现对钻头姿态进行调整, 使其沿制孔点法线进行制孔, 提高孔的垂直度. 使得钻头调整前后, 钻头顶点保持不变, 提高制孔效率. (2)利用4个激光测距传感器, 根据空间不共面四点确定唯一球, 测得制孔点处的法线向量, 为钻头的姿态调整做准备.
A multi-calibrated mitochondrial phylogeny of extant Bovidae (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia) and the importance of the fossil record to systematics

Molecular phylogenetics has provided unprecedented resolution in the ruminant evolutionary tree. However, molecular age estimates using only one or a few (often misapplied) fossil calibration points have produced a diversity of conflicting ages for important evolutionary events within this clade. I here identify 16 fossil calibration points of relevance to the phylogeny of Bovidae and Ruminantia and use these, individually and together, to construct a dated molecular phylogeny through a reanalysis of the full mitochondrial genome of over 100 ruminant species. The new multi-calibrated tree provides ages that are younger overall than found in previous studies. Among these are young ages for the origin of crown Ruminantia (39.3–28.8 Ma), and crown Bovidae (17.3–15.1 Ma). These are argued to be reasonable hypotheses given that many basal fossils assigned to these taxa may in fact lie on the stem groups leading to the crown clades, thus inflating previous age estimates. Areas of conflict between molecular and fossil dates do persist, however, especially with regard to the base of the rapid Pecoran radiation and the sister relationship of Moschidae to Bovidae. Results of the single-calibrated analyses also show that a very wide range of molecular age estimates are obtainable using different calibration points, and that the choice of calibration point can influence the topology of the resulting tree. Compared to the single-calibrated trees, the multi-calibrated tree exhibits smaller variance in estimated ages and better reflects the fossil record. The use of a large number of vetted fossil calibration points with soft bounds is promoted as a better approach than using just one or a few calibrations, or relying on internal-congruency metrics to discard good fossil data. This study also highlights the importance of considering morphological and ecological characteristics of clades when delimiting higher taxa. I also illustrate how phylogeographic and paleoenvironmental hypotheses inferred from a tree containing only extant taxa can be problematic without consideration of the fossil record. Incorporating the fossil record of Ruminantia is a necessary step for future analyses aiming to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this clade.
Relative distance measurement between moving vehicles for manless driving

This study aims to design a distance warning system to help drive safely and avoid collisions. The system design is made in two stages, i.e. detecting vehicles and estimating the detected vehicles distance. The method used to detect vehicles is Haar method and HOG method. Whereas, the method used to estimate distance is Width-based method. The result showed that Haar method was better in detecting vehicles with the average of TPR by 75%. Based on the result of distance estimation, the value MSE (Mean Squared Error) obtained was 0.333 for van type vehicle.
A systematic review of distributed Agile software engineering

The combination of Agile methods and distributed software development via remote teams represents an emerging approach to addressing the challenges such as late feedback, slow project timelines, and high cost, typically associated with software development projects. However, when projects are implemented using an Agile model with distributed human resources, there are a number of challenges that need to be considered and mitigated.  The objectives of our work are multifold. First, we would like to understand the reasons and conditions that lead to the adoption of distributed agile software engineering practices. Second, we would like to investigate and find out the most important risks that threaten a distributed agile software engineering approach and what mitigation strategies exist to address them. Finally, would like to highlight which of the available approaches among the existing agile methodologies have been successfully adopted by the community. We intend to solidify our findings by exploring the strength of the evidence that has been reported in the literature.  We carried out a systematic literature review of Distributed Agile Software Engineering techniques and approaches reported from January 1, 2007 until September 31, 2012. The adopted method follows the well-established guidelines in the literature for conducting systematic literature reviews.  Sixty-three distinct studies were selected and analyzed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which focused on identifying only those studies from the literature that had a significant empirical or experimental aspect to them. The results revealed a significant number of scenarios reported by the industry that documented challenges and solutions in a Distributed Agile setting. Communication, Coordination, Collaboration, and Cultural issues were listed as being the areas where challenges exist.  This systematic literature review found time zone difference, knowledge of resources, lack of infrastructure, missing roles and responsibilities as being the primary challenges that needed to be addressed. In terms of solutions, most papers had recommended having a good infrastructure in place for communication, encouraging team members to engage in formal and informal communications, having more face-to-face visits, training human resources on DASE and organizational practices, policies, procedures, and utilizing tools to enhance the collaboration
Identifying task-based sessions in search engine query logs

The research challenge addressed in this paper is to devise effective techniques for identifying task-based sessions, i.e. sets of possibly non contiguous queries issued by the user of a Web Search Engine for carrying out a given task. In order to evaluate and compare different approaches, we built, by means of a manual labeling process, a ground-truth where the queries of a given query log have been grouped in tasks. Our analysis of this ground-truth shows that users tend to perform more than one task at the same time, since about 75% of the submitted queries involve a multi-tasking activity. We formally define the Task-based Session Discovery Problem (TSDP) as the problem of best approximating the manually annotated tasks, and we propose several variants of well known clustering algorithms, as well as a novel efficient heuristic algorithm, specifically tuned for solving the TSDP. These algorithms also exploit the collaborative knowledge collected by Wiktionary and Wikipedia for detecting query pairs that are not similar from a lexical content point of view, but actually semantically related. The proposed algorithms have been evaluated on the above ground-truth, and are shown to perform better than state-of-the-art approaches, because they effectively take into account the multi-tasking behavior of users.
Memory-centric system interconnect design with Hybrid Memory Cubes

Memory bandwidth has been one of the most critical system performance bottlenecks. As a result, the HMC (Hybrid Memory Cube) has recently been proposed to improve DRAM bandwidth as well as energy efficiency. In this paper, we explore different system interconnect designs with HMCs. We show that processor-centric network architectures cannot fully utilize processor bandwidth across different traffic patterns. Thus, we propose a memory-centric network in which all processor channels are connected to HMCs and not to any other processors as all communication between processors goes through intermediate HMCs. Since there are multiple HMCs per processor, we propose a distributor-based network to reduce the network diameter and achieve lower latency while properly distributing the bandwidth across different routers and providing path diversity. Memory-centric networks lead to some challenges including higher processor-to-processor latency and the need to properly exploit the path diversity. We propose a pass-through microarchitecture, which, in combination with the proper intra-HMC organization, reduces the zero-load latency while exploiting adaptive (and non-minimal) routing to load-balance across different channels. Our results show that memory-centric networks can efficiently utilize processor bandwidth for different traffic patterns and achieve higher performance by providing higher memory bandwidth and lower latency.
Adaptive Partitioning for Very Large RDF Data

State-of-the-art distributed RDF systems partition data across multiple computer nodes (workers). Some systems perform cheap hash partitioning, which may result in expensive query evaluation, while others apply heuristics aiming at minimizing inter-node communication during query evaluation. This requires an expensive data pre-processing phase, leading to high startup costs for very large RDF knowledge bases. Apriori knowledge of the query workload has also been used to create partitions, which however are static and do not adapt to workload changes; as a result, inter-node communication cannot be consistently avoided for queries that are not favored by the initial data partitioning. In this paper, we propose AdHash, a distributed RDF system, which addresses the shortcomings of previous work. First, AdHash applies lightweight partitioning on the initial data, that distributes triples by hashing on their subjects; this renders its startup overhead low. At the same time, the locality-aware query optimizer of AdHash takes full advantage of the partitioning to (i) support the fully parallel processing of join patterns on subjects and (ii) minimize data communication for general queries by applying hash distribution of intermediate results instead of broadcasting, wherever possible. Second, AdHash monitors the data access patterns and dynamically redistributes and replicates the instances of the most frequent ones among workers. R. Harbi · I. Abdelaziz · P. Kalnis · M. Sahli King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia E-mail: {first}.{last}@kaust.edu.sa N. Mamoulis University of Ioannina, Greece E-mail: nikos@cs.uoi.gr Y. Ebrahim Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA 98052, United States E-mail: yaelsa@microsoft.com As a result, the communication cost for future queries is drastically reduced or even eliminated. To control replication, AdHash implements an eviction policy for the redistributed patterns. Our experiments with synthetic and real data verify that AdHash (i) starts faster than all existing systems, (ii) processes thousands of queries before other systems become online, and (iii) gracefully adapts to the query load, being able to evaluate queries on billion-scale RDF data in sub-seconds.
A Comprehensive Study of Drawbacks of Existing Face Recognition Techniques and Suggesting Improved Methods of Face Recognition Prof

Face recognition (image processing) is a process of identification of human face or faces similar to human face in a video or an image. Sometimes it is also referred as the process of identifying images which are similar to each other, for example there is a database of 100 images of 10 individuals, each person can look up, down, sideways, can smile, can frown etc. Thus the designed system should be able to recognize a particular person having all the different expressions and also should be proficient in differentiating other person’s face. The face recognition technology has improved over the years but still there are some drawbacks. This paper studies the three main drawbacks in the present day image processing technology and suggests useful methods to surmount the drawbacks. First half of the paper talks in detail about the present day image processing technology and its drawbacks and the second half gives an experimental study and analysis of the techniques which can be used to improve the quality of image. General Terms: False Acceptance Rate; False Rejection Rate; Eigen faces; Linear Discriminate Analysis; Elastic Bunch Graph Matching using Fisherface Algorithm; the Hidden Markov;
Towards Efficient Heap Overflow Discovery

Heap overflow is a prevalent memory corruption vulnerability, playing an important role in recent attacks. Finding such vulnerabilities in applications is thus critical for security. Many state-of-art solutions focus on runtime detection, requiring abundant inputs to explore program paths in order to reach a high code coverage and luckily trigger security violations. It is likely that the inputs being tested could exercise vulnerable program paths, but fail to trigger (and thus miss) vulnerabilities in these paths. Moreover, these solutions may also miss heap vulnerabilities due to incomplete vulnerability models. In this paper, we propose a new solution HOTracer to discover potential heap vulnerabilities. We model heap overflows as spatial inconsistencies between heap allocation and heap access operations, and perform an indepth offline analysis on representative program execution traces to identify heap overflows. Combining with several optimizations, it could efficiently find heap overflows that are hard to trigger in binary programs. We implemented a prototype of HOTracer, evaluated it on 17 real world applications, and found 47 previously unknown heap vulnerabilities, showing its effectiveness.
Surgical treatment of anorectal malformations

The goal of surgery for anorectal malformations (ARM) is to achieve good bowel, urinary, and sexual functions, as well as the ability for children to become healthy adults. Various surgical procedures and surgical management protocols have been explored or devised by pediatric surgeons. These are described in this review. Making a correct type classification by invertography, fistelography and urethrography in the neonatal period allows pediatric surgeons to select an appropriate surgical strategy. Surgery for low-type malformations is principally neonatal perineoplasty, while that for intermediate- or high-type malformations is colostomy, followed by a pull-through operation during infancy. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty or laparoscopy-assisted surgery has recently been accepted as alternative procedures. Fecal incontinence represents a devastating problem that often prevents a patient from becoming socially accepted and may cause serious psychological sequelae. One-third of adult patients with high- or intermediate-type malformations occasionally complain of fecal incontinence after surgery. Most patients with ARM have normal urinary function if they do not have urinary tract or sacral anomalies. These associated anomalies also influence the prognosis for sexual function, especially in males. Some female patients have experienced normal vaginal delivery and had children. In patients with cloacal malformation, however, fertility or sexual problems are also often present. Based on this information, it is clear that only well-planned and systemic treatments can provide a good functional prognosis after making a correct classification in the neonatal period.