nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
SixthSense: a wearable gestural interface

In this note, we present SixthSense, a wearable gestural interface that augments the physical world around us with digital information and lets us use natural hand gestures to interact with that information. By using a tiny projector and a camera coupled in a pendant like mobile wearable device, SixthSense sees what the user sees and visually augments surfaces, walls or physical objects the user is interacting with; turning them into just-in-time information interfaces. SixthSense attempts to free information from its confines by seamlessly integrating it with the physical world.
Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm-A Review

Clustering is a task of assigning a set of objects into groups called clusters. In general the clustering algorithms can be classified into two categories. One is hard clustering; another one is soft (fuzzy) clustering. Hard clustering, the data’s are divided into distinct clusters, where each data element belongs to exactly one cluster. In soft clustering, data elements belong to more than one cluster, and associated with each element is a set of membership levels. In this paper we represent a survey on fuzzy c means clustering algorithm. These algorithms have recently been shown to produce good results in a wide variety of real world applications.
Compositional Design and Verification of a Multi-Agent System for One-to-Many Negotiation

A compositional verification method for multi-agent systems is presented and applied to a multi-agent system for one-to-many negotiation in the domain of load balancing of electricity use. Advantages of the method are that the complexity of the verification process is managed by compositionality, and that parts of the proofs can be reused in relation to reuse of components.
Guidelines for Disclosing Genetic Information to Family Members: From Development to Use

This paper presents the existing legal frameworks, professional guidelines and other documents related to the conditions and extent of the disclosure of genetic information by physicians to at-risk family members. Although the duty of a physician regarding disclosure of genetic information to a patient’s relatives has only been addressed by few legal cases, courts have found such a duty under some circumstances. Generally, disclosure should not be permitted without the patient’s consent. Yet, due to the nature of genetic information, exceptions are foreseen, where treatment and prevention are available. This duty to warn a patient’s relative is also supported by some professional and policy organizations that have addressed the issue. Practice guidelines with a communication and intervention plan are emerging, providing physicians with tools that allow them to assist patients in their communication with relatives without jeopardizing their professional liability. Since guidelines aim to improve the appropriateness of medical practice and consequently to better serve the interests of patients, it is important to determine to what degree they document the ‘best practice’ standards. Such an analysis is an essential step to evaluate the different approaches permitting the disclosure of genetic information to family members.
Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection among People Aged 15 to 89 Years Inhabiting the Department of Casanare (Colombia)

The purpose of this study was to calculate the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a sample of inhabitants from a region considered to be at high risk of natural transmission of Chagas disease in Colombia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in subjects from 5 municipalities, recruited in urban and rural locations, distributed by gender according to the demographic information available. Socio-demographic information, history of potential exposure to insect vectors, blood donating, as well as symptoms suggesting cardiac disease were collected using a questionnaire. After giving written informed consent, blood specimens were obtained from 486 people to determine the serologic evidence of past exposure to T. cruzi. Infection was diagnosed when two different tests (ELISA and IHA) were positive. The seroprevalence of antibodies against T. cruzi was 16.91% considering an estimated population of 44,355 aged between 15 and 89 years (95%IC: 13.72 to 20.01). The factors significantly associated with the infection were: 1- Housing materials like vegetable material, adobe or unfinished brick walls; 2- The fact of having previous tests for Chagas disease (regardless of the result). Of note, the mean ages among infected and not infected participants were significantly different (49.19 vs. 41.66, p ≤ 0.0001). Among the studied municipalities, the one with the highest frequency of T. cruzi infection was Nunchia, with 31.15% of the surveyed subjects. Therefore it may be concluded that T. cruzi infection is highly prevalent in the north region of Casanare, in Colombia.
Quantifying 3D Shape Similarity Using Maps: Recent Trends, Applications and Perspectives

Shape similarity is an acute issue in Computer Vision and Computer Graphics that involves many aspects of human perception of the real world, including judged and perceived similarity concepts, deterministic and probabilistic decisions and their formalization. 3D models carry multiple information with them (e.g., geometry, topology, texture, time evolution, appearance), which can be thought as the filter that drives the recognition process. Assessing and quantifying the similarity between 3D shapes is necessary to explore large dataset of shapes, and tune the analysis framework to the user’s needs. Many efforts have been done in this sense, including several attempts to formalize suitable notions of similarity and distance among 3D objects and their shapes. In the last years, 3D shape analysis knew a rapidly growing interest in a number of challenging issues, ranging from deformable shape similarity to partial matching and view-point selection. In this panorama, we focus on methods which quantify shape similarity (between two objects and sets of models) and compare these shapes in terms of their properties (i.e., global and local, geometric, differential and topological) conveyed by (sets of) maps. After presenting in detail the theoretical foundations underlying these methods, we review their usage in a number of 3D shape application domains, ranging from matching and retrieval to annotation and segmentation. Particular emphasis will be given to analyse the suitability of the different methods for specific classes of shapes (e.g. rigid or isometric shapes), as well as the flexibility of the various methods at the different stages of the shape comparison process. Finally, the most promising directions for future research developments are discussed.
Brain Computer Interface: EEG Signal Preprocessing Issues and Solutions

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is often directed at mapping, assisting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive method of acquisition brain electrical activities. Noises are impure the EEG recorded signal due to the physiologic and extra-physiologic artifacts. There are several techniques are intended to manipulate the EEG recorded signal during the BCI preprocessing stage of to achieve preferable results at the learning stage. This paper aims to present an overview on BCI different EEG brain signal recording artifacts and the methodologies to remove these artifacts from the signal focusing on different novel trends at BCI research areas.
Severe thoracolumbar osteoporotic burst fractures: treatment combining open kyphoplasty and short-segment fixation.

The majority of osteoporotic, spinal cord compressive, vertebral fractures occurs at the thoracolumbar junction level. When responsible for neurological impairment, these rare lesions require a decompression procedure. We present the results of a new option to treat these lesions: an open balloon kyphoplasty associated with a short-segment posterior internal fixation.



Twelve patients, aged a mean 72.3 years, were included in this prospective series; all of them presented osteoporotic burst fractures located between T11 and L2 associated with neurological impairment. The surgical procedure first consisted of a laminectomy, for decompression, followed by an open balloon kyphoplasty. A short-segment posterior internal fixation was subsequently put into place when the local kyphosis was considered severe. A CAT scan study evaluated local vertebral body's height restoration using two pre- and postoperative radiological indices.



All of the patients in the series were followed up for a mean 14 months. Local kyphosis improved a mean 10.8 (p<0.001). Vertebral body height was also substantially restored, with a mean gain of 26% according to the anterior height/adjacent height ratio and 28% according to the Beck Index (p<0.001). Two cases of cement leakage were recorded, with no adverse clinical side effect. Complete neurological recovery was observed in 10 patients; two retained a minimal neurological deficit but kept a walking capacity.



The results presented in this study confirm the data reported in the literature in terms of local kyphosis correction and vertebral body height restoration. The combination of this technique with laminectomy plus osteosynthesis allowed us to effectively treat burst fractures of the thoracolumbar junction and led to stable results 1 year after surgery. This can be advantageous in a population often carrying multiple co-morbidities. With a single operation, we can achieve neurological decompression and spinal column stability in a minimally invasive way; this avoids more substantial surgery in these fragile patients.
Variable Mini-Batch Sizing and Pre-Trained Embeddings

This paper describes our submission to the WMT 2017 Neural MT Training Task. We modified the provided NMT system in order to allow for interrupting and continuing the training of models. This allowed mid-training batch size decrementation and incrementation at variable rates. In addition to the models with variable batch size, we tried different setups with pre-trained word2vec embeddings. Aside from batch size incrementation, all our experiments performed below the baseline.
Optimal Greedy Diversity for Recommendation

The need for diversification manifests in various recommendation use cases. In this work, we propose a novel approach to diversifying a list of recommended items, which maximizes the utility of the items subject to the increase in their diversity. From a technical perspective, the problem can be viewed as maximization of a modular function on the polytope of a submodular function, which can be solved optimally by a greedy method. We evaluate our approach in an offline analysis, which incorporates a number of baselines and metrics, and in two online user studies. In all the experiments, our method outperforms the baseline methods.
International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound

The purpose of this study is to provide evidence-based and expert consensus recommendations for lung ultrasound with focus on emergency and critical care settings. A multidisciplinary panel of 28 experts from eight countries was involved. Literature was reviewed from January 1966 to June 2011. Consensus members searched multiple databases including Pubmed, Medline, OVID, Embase, and others. The process used to develop these evidence-based recommendations involved two phases: determining the level of quality of evidence and developing the recommendation. The quality of evidence is assessed by the grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) method. However, the GRADE system does not enforce a specific method on how the panel should reach decisions during the consensus process. Our methodology committee decided to utilize the RAND appropriateness method for panel judgment and decisions/consensus. Seventy-three proposed statements were examined and discussed in three conferences held in Bologna, Pisa, and Rome. Each conference included two rounds of face-to-face modified Delphi technique. Anonymous panel voting followed each round. The panel did not reach an agreement and therefore did not adopt any recommendations for six statements. Weak/conditional recommendations were made for 2 statements, and strong recommendations were made for the remaining 65 statements. The statements were then recategorized and grouped to their current format. Internal and external peer-review processes took place before submission of the recommendations. Updates will occur at least every 4 years or whenever significant major changes in evidence appear. This document reflects the overall results of the first consensus conference on “point-of-care” lung ultrasound. Statements were discussed and elaborated by experts who published the vast majority of papers on clinical use of lung ultrasound in the last 20 years. Recommendations were produced to guide implementation, development, and standardization of lung ultrasound in all relevant settings.
Combining cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey.

A single cycle of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) may not meet researchers' analytical needs. This article presents methods of combining CCHS cycles and discusses issues to consider if these data are to be combined. An empirical example illustrates the proposed methods.



Two methods can be used to combine CCHS cycles: the separate approach and the pooled approach. With the separate approach, estimates are calculated for each cycle separately and then combined. The pooled approach combines data at the micro-data level, and the resulting dataset is treated as if it is a sample from one population.



For the separate approach, it is recommended that the simple average of the estimates be used. For the pooled approach, it is recommended that weights be scaled by a constant factor where a period estimate covering the time periods of the individual cycles can be created. The choice of method depends on the aim of the analysis and the availability of data.



Combining cycles should be considered only if the most current period estimates do not suffice. Both methods will obscure cycle-to-cycle trends and will not reveal changing behaviours related to public health initiatives.
Fostering Collaboration through API Economy: The E015 Digital Ecosystem

The API Economy trend is nowadays a concrete opportunity to go beyond the traditional development of vertical ICT solutions and to unlock additional business value by enabling innovative collaboration patterns between different players, e.g., companies, public authorities and researchers. Thus, an effective API Economy initiative has to be comprehensive, focusing not only on technical issues but also on other complementary dimensions.
 This paper illustrates a successful API Economy initiative, the E015 Digital Ecosystem developed for Expo Milano 2015, showing how a comprehensive approach to information systems interoperability and Service-Oriented Architectures can foster synergetic collaboration between industry and academia in particular, hence enabling the development of value-added solutions for the end-users.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in muscle wasting syndrome, sarcopenia, and cachexia

Muscle atrophy-also known as muscle wasting-is a debilitating syndrome that slowly develops with age (sarcopenia) or rapidly appears at the late stages of deadly diseases such as cancer, AIDS, and sepsis (cachexia). Despite the prevalence and the drastic detrimental effects of these two syndromes, there are currently no widely used, effective treatment options for those suffering from muscle wasting. In an attempt to identify potential therapeutic targets, the molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia and cachexia have begun to be elucidated. Growing evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines may play an important role in the pathology of both syndromes. As one of the key cytokines involved in both sarcopenic and cachectic muscle wasting, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and its downstream effectors provide an enticing target for pharmacological intervention. However, to date, no drugs targeting the TNFα signaling pathway have been successful as a remedial option for the treatment of muscle wasting. Thus, there is a need to identify new effectors in this important pathway that might prove to be more efficacious targets. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has recently been shown to be an important mediator of TNFα-induced cachectic muscle loss, and studies suggest that it may also play a role in sarcopenia. In addition, investigations into the mechanism of iNOS-mediated muscle loss have begun to reveal potential therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will highlight the potential for targeting the iNOS/NO pathway in the treatment of muscle loss and discuss its functional relevance in sarcopenia and cachexia.
Collaborative creativity: a complex systems model with distributed affect

The study of creativity has received significant attention over the past century, with a recent increase in interest in collaborative, distributed creativity. We posit that creativity in distributed groups is fostered by software interfaces that specifically enable socio-emotional or affective communication. However, previous work on creativity and affect has primarily focused on the individual, while group creativity research has concentrated more on cognition rather than affect. In this paper we propose a new model for creativity in distributed groups, based on the theory of groups as complex systems, that includes affect as well as cognition and that explicitly calls out the interface between individuals as a key parameter of the model. We describe the model, the four stages of collaborative creativity and the causal dynamics in each stage, and demonstrate how affect and interface can facilitate the generation, selection, and amplification of ideas in the various stages of collaborative creativity. We then validate our model with data from three field sites. The data was collected from longitudinal studies of two distributed groups involved in producing creative products--astrophysicists studying supernovae and the expansion rate of the universe and children creating multimedia programming projects online-"-and interviews with staff in a multinational engineering company.
Doppler radar sensor for occupancy monitoring

This paper investigates the use of Doppler radar sensor for occupancy monitoring. The feasibility of true presence is explored with Doppler radar occupancy sensors to overcome the limitations of the common occupancy sensors. The common occupancy sensors are more of a motion sensor than a presence detector. Existing cost effective off the shelf System-on-Chip CC2530 RF transceiver is used for developing the radio. The transmitter sends continuous wave signal at 2.405 GHz. Different levels of activity is detected by post-processing sensor signals. Heart and respiratory signals are extracted in order to improve stationary subject detection.
Unsupervised Modeling of Dialog Acts in Asynchronous Conversations

We present unsupervised approaches to the problem of modeling dialog acts in asynchronous conversations; i.e., conversations where participants collaborate with each other at different times. In particular, we investigate a graph-theoretic deterministic framework and two probabilistic conversation models (i.e., HMM and HMM+Mix) for modeling dialog acts in emails and forums. We train and test our conversation models on (a) temporal order and (b) graph-structural order of the datasets. Empirical evaluation suggests (i) the graph-theoretic framework that relies on lexical and structural similarity metrics is not the right model for this task, (ii) conversation models perform better on the graphstructural order than the temporal order of the datasets and (iii) HMM+Mix is a better conversation model than the simple HMM model.
Anterior open-bite treatment by means of zygomatic miniplates: a case report

This case report presents the treatment of a patient with skeletal Cl II malocclusion and anterior open-bite who was treated with zygomatic miniplates through the intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth. A 16-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of anterior open-bite had a symmetric face, incompetent lips, convex profile, retrusive lower lip and chin. Intraoral examination showed that the buccal segments were in Class II relationship, and there was anterior open-bite (overbite -6.5 mm). The cephalometric analysis showed Class II skeletal relationship with increased lower facial height. The treatment plan included intrusion of the maxillary posterior teeth using zygomatic miniplates followed by fixed orthodontic treatment. At the end of treatment Class I canine and molar relationships were achieved, anterior open-bite was corrected and normal smile line was obtained. Skeletal anchorage using zygomatic miniplates is an effective method for open-bite treatment through the intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth.
Peritoneal-Pleural Leaks Demonstrated by CT Peritoneography

Acute hydrothorax is an uncommon complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Currently, there is no specific diagnostic method. Although it is not a life-threatening complication, hydrothorax often requires interrupting or quitting PD. Misdiagnosis often leads to more serious consequences.



A 49-year-old woman (height 163 cm, weight 58 kg, BMI 21.82), who started PD 3 months previously, suddenly presented with acute dyspnea and a right pleural effusion. Blood routine examination, serum albumin and a series of laboratory tests were immediately performed. Except for the serum creatinine, all of the other tests were within normal range. Thoracentesis was performed to obtain pleural fluid specimens; there was also no evidence of a tumor or inflammation. Congestive heart failure, infection and hypoalbuminemia were excluded as well. Because PD-associated pleural leakage was suspected, computerized tomography (CT) peritoneography was performed next. The first CT scan showed that the CT value of pleural effusion was 6 Hounsfield units (HU). On the evening of the same day, 100 ml ionic contrast medium was mixed with 2 l dialysate and infused into the peritoneal cavity. The next morning, a CT scan was performed again. The CT value of pleural effusion at the same site increased to 40 HU. At the end, pleural leakage was clearly diagnosed. Subsequently, she received temporary hemodialysis and a small dose of automated PD. After 3 months, she successfully returned to PD without any recurrence of hydrothorax.



Although similar case reports are not rare, this report provided a simple and effective method for diagnosing pleural leakage. Furthermore, noninvasive treatment of pleural effusion will also get a satisfactory outcome.