nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel EMI shielding methodology on highly integration SiP module

SiP (System-in-Package) modules play an important role to make electronic portable devices thinner, integrate more functions and reduce time to market. However, the high density of electrical functions usually causes electromagnetic noise interference (EMI) on nearby components and high level of total radiated EMI from the system product. Traditional SiP modules use a metal can to reduce EMI and this often results in an increase in both module footprint and thickness. Conformal shielding is a novel methodology to reduce EMI on molded SiP modules by using a sputtered thin metal layer on the module's top and side. In previous work, we evaluated the shielding effectiveness for single compartment module for both near field and far field conditions. As modules may contain multiple functionalities which may need to be shielded from one another, we have developed a process to construct shielded compartments by the conductive barrier inside the package, providing a way to reduce the product design area requirement. We have prepared a test vehicle with two compartments separated and with antenna coupons inside each compartment. In the paper, we present the process characterization result and measurements of the shielding effectiveness of the entire module as well as between the compartments and thereby demonstrate the advantages of SiP modules with compartment shielding.
Warty dyskeratoma involving two adjoining follicles.

Warty dyskeratoma (WD) is a rare epidermal tumor that frequently arises as a papule or nodule on the head or neck of middle-aged or older persons. Histologically, it shows a cup-shaped keratin-filled invagination of an acanthotic epidermis, suprabasilar clefting with villi projecting into the clefts and acantholytic dyskeratotic cells are also present. The changes almost always involve a single hair follicle. We describe a distinctive case of WD that showed involvement of two adjoining follicles within a solitary lesion.
Gait ataxia--specific cerebellar influences and their rehabilitation.

It is well known that the cerebellum is important for movement control and plays a critical role in balance and locomotion. As such, one of the most characteristic and sensitive signs of cerebellar damage is gait ataxia. However, characterizing ataxic gait is no easy task, because gait patterns are highly variable. This variability seems to result from the interaction of different factors, namely, (1) the primary motor deficits in balance control and multi-joint coordination and oculomotor dysfunction, (2) the safety strategies used, and (3) inaccurate adjustments in patients with loss of balance. In this report, we review different approaches to analyzing ataxic gait and studies to identify and quantify the different factors contributing to this movement disorder. We also discuss the influence of the cerebellum in adaptive locomotor control, the interaction between cognitive load and gait in dual-task paradigms, and the recent advances in rehabilitation of gait and posture for patients with cerebellar degeneration. In the second part, we discuss open questions concerning cerebellar mechanisms in multi-joint coordination during different walking conditions. Furthermore, we point out potential future directions in motor rehabilitation, with the objective of identifying predictors of rehabilitation outcome and the development of individualized training programs that potentially involve rehabilitation technology.
INDIVISIBLE LABOR AND THE BUSINESS CYCLE

A growth model with shocks to technology is studied. Labor is indivisible, so all variability in hours worked is due to fluctuations in the number employed. We find that, unlike previous equilibrium models of the business cycle, this economy displays large fluctuations in hours worked and relatively small fluctuations in productivity. This finding is independent of individuals’ willingness to substitute leisure across time. This and other findings are the result of studying and comparing summary statistics describing this economy, an economy with divisible labor, and post-war U.S. time series.
New defected ground structures (DGSs) to reduce cross-polarized radiation of circular microstrip antennas

In this paper, suppression of cross-polarized (XP) radiation of a circular microstrip patch antenna (CMPA) employing two new geometries of defected ground structures (DGSs), is experimentally investigated. One of the antennas employs a circular ring shaped defect in the ground plane, located bit away from the edge of the patch. This structure provides an improvement of XP level by 5 to 7 dB compared to an identical patch with normal ground plane. The second structure incorporates two arc-shaped DGSs in the H-plane of the patch. This configuration improves the XP radiation by about 7 to 12 dB over and above a normal CMPA. For demonstration of the concept, a set of prototypes have been examined at C-band. The experimental results have been presented.
An Empirical Study of the Freemium Strategy for Mobile Apps: Evidence from the Google Play Market

This paper examines the effect of the freemium strategy on Google Play, an online marketplace for Android mobile apps. By analyzing a large panel dataset consisting of 1,597 ranked mobile apps, we found that the freemium strategy is positively associated with increased sales volume and revenue of the paid apps. Higher sales rank and review rating of the free version of a mobile app both lead to higher sales rank of its paid version. However, only higher review rating of the free app contributes to higher revenue from the paid version, suggesting that although offering a free version is a viable way to improve the visibility of a mobile app, revenue is largely determined by product quality, not product visibility. Moreover, we found that the impact of review rating is not significant when the free version is offered, or when the mobile app is a hedonic app.
Modelling the Dynamic Joint Policy of Teammates with Attention Multi-agent DDPG

Modelling and exploiting teammates’ policies in cooperative multi-agent systems have long been an interest and also a big challenge for the reinforcement learning (RL) community. The interest lies in the fact that if the agent knows the teammates’ policies, it can adjust its own policy accordingly to arrive at proper cooperations; while the challenge is that the agents’ policies are changing continuously due to they are learning concurrently, which imposes difficulty to model the dynamic policies of teammates accurately. In this paper, we present ATTention Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (ATT-MADDPG) to address this challenge. ATT-MADDPG extends DDPG, a single-agent actor-critic RL method, with two special designs. First, in order to model the teammates’ policies, the agent should get access to the observations and actions of teammates. ATT-MADDPG adopts a centralized critic to collect such information. Second, to model the teammates’ policies using the collected information in an effective way, ATT-MADDPG enhances the centralized critic with an attention mechanism. This attention mechanism introduces a special structure to explicitly model the dynamic joint policy of teammates, making sure that the collected information can be processed efficiently. We evaluate ATT-MADDPG on both benchmark tasks and the real-world packet routing tasks. Experimental results show that it not only outperforms the state-of-the-art RL-based methods and rule-based methods by a large margin, but also achieves better performance in terms of scalability and robustness.
Neurologic involvement in scleroderma: a systematic review.

To perform a systematic review of neurologic involvement in Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and Localized Scleroderma (LS), describing clinical features, neuroimaging, and treatment.



We performed a literature search in PubMed using the following MeSH terms, scleroderma, systemic sclerosis, localized scleroderma, localized scleroderma "en coup de sabre", Parry-Romberg syndrome, cognitive impairment, memory, seizures, epilepsy, headache, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), SF-36, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), neuropsychiatric, psychosis, neurologic involvement, neuropathy, peripheral nerves, cranial nerves, carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar entrapment, tarsal tunnel syndrome, mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy, radiculopathy, myelopathy, autonomic nervous system, nervous system, electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Patients with other connective tissue disease knowingly responsible for nervous system involvement were excluded from the analyses.



A total of 182 case reports/studies addressing SSc and 50 referring to LS were identified. SSc patients totalized 9506, while data on 224 LS patients were available. In LS, seizures (41.58%) and headache (18.81%) predominated. Nonetheless, descriptions of varied cranial nerve involvement and hemiparesis were made. Central nervous system involvement in SSc was characterized by headache (23.73%), seizures (13.56%) and cognitive impairment (8.47%). Depression and anxiety were frequently observed (73.15% and 23.95%, respectively). Myopathy (51.8%), trigeminal neuropathy (16.52%), peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathy (14.25%), and carpal tunnel syndrome (6.56%) were the most frequent peripheral nervous system involvement in SSc. Autonomic neuropathy involving cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems was regularly described. Treatment of nervous system involvement, on the other hand, varied in a case-to-case basis. However, corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide were usually prescribed in severe cases.



Previously considered a rare event, nervous system involvement in scleroderma has been increasingly recognized. Seizures and headache are the most reported features in LS en coup de sabre, while peripheral and autonomic nervous systems involvement predominate in SSc. Moreover, recently, reports have frequently documented white matter lesions in asymptomatic SSc patients, suggesting smaller branches and perforating arteries involvement.
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: New Insights into “Old” Diseases

The investigation of the human microbiome is the most rapidly expanding field in biomedicine. Early studies were undertaken to better understand the role of microbiota in carbohydrate digestion and utilization. These processes include polysaccharide degradation, glycan transport, glycolysis, and short-chain fatty acid production. Recent research has demonstrated that the intricate axis between gut microbiota and the host metabolism is much more complex. Gut microbiota—depending on their composition—have disease-promoting effects but can also possess protective properties. This review focuses on disorders of metabolic syndrome, with special regard to obesity as a prequel to type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetes itself, and type 1 diabetes. In all these conditions, differences in the composition of the gut microbiota in comparison to healthy people have been reported. Mechanisms of the interaction between microbiota and host that have been characterized thus far include an increase in energy harvest, modulation of free fatty acids—especially butyrate—of bile acids, lipopolysaccharides, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an impact on toll-like receptors, the endocannabinoid system and “metabolic endotoxinemia” as well as “metabolic infection.” This review will also address the influence of already established therapies for metabolic syndrome and diabetes on the microbiota and the present state of attempts to alter the gut microbiota as a therapeutic strategy.
A X-Band Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna System Using 0.13-&#181;m SiGe BiCMOS IC with 5-Bit IF Phase Shifters

A X-band reconfigurable active phased array antenna system is presented. The phased array system consists of interconnected tile modules of which number can be flexibly changed depending on system requirements. The PCB integrated tile module assembles 4×4 patch antennas and flip-chipped phased array 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS ICs with 5-bit IF phase shifters. The concept of scalable phased array is verified by narrowing beamwidth in beamforming pattern and improving SNR in data transmission of 64-QAM OFDM signal as increasing the number of antenna elements.
A Security Architecture in Cyber-Physical Systems : Security Theories , Analysis , Simulation and Application Fields

Governments, companies, universities and research institutes are pushing the research and development of cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, the development of cyberphysical systems is constrained by security factors. According to this situation, this paper put forward a CPS security model, which contains security objectives, basic theories, simulation, and CPS framework, summarizes security attacks to cyber-physical systems as a theoretical reference for the study of cyber–physical systems and to provide useful security defense. Based on the cyber-physical systems framework, the paper classifies attacks for the execution layer, transport layer and control layer. The execution layer attacks include security attacks for nodes such as sensors and actuators. Transport layer attacks include data leakage or damage and security issues during massive data integration. Control layer attacks include the loss of user privacy, incorrect access control policies and inadequate security standards. This paper gives security defenses and recommendations for all types of security attacks. Finally, this paper introduces categorizations of CPS application fields and explores their relationships.
Optimal Sizing and Control Strategies for Hybrid Storage System as Limited by Grid Frequency Deviations

Frequency deviations of power systems caused by grid-connected wind power fluctuations is one of the key factors which restrains the increase of wind penetration level. This paper examines a combined wind and hybrid energy storage system (HESS, supercapacitor, and battery) to smooth wind power fluctuations. A fuzzy-based wind-HESS system (FWHS) controller is proposed to suppress the wind power fluctuations. The proposed controller takes full advantage of the complimentary characteristics of the supercapacitor and battery with the supercapacitor and battery in charge of high and middle frequency components of wind fluctuations, respectively. A differential evolution (DE)-based optimal sizing method for HESS systems is introduced to evaluate the minimum capacity of HESS as being limited by grid frequency deviation. The efficiency of the proposed scheme in the paper for wind-HESS system is evaluated by a real Chinese power system.
A Survey of Attribute-based Access Control with User Revocation in Cloud Data Storage

Cloud storage service is one of cloud services where cloud service provider can provide storage space to customers. Because cloud storage service has many advantages which include convenience, high computation and capacity, it attracts the user to outsource data in the cloud. However, the user outsources data directly in cloud storage service that is unsafe when outsourcing data is sensitive for the user. Therefore, ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption is a promising cryptographic solution in cloud environment, which can be drawn up for access control by the data owner to define access policy. Unfortunately, an outsourced architecture applied with the attribute-based encryption introduces many challenges in which one of the challenges is revocation. The issue is a threat to data security in the data owner. In this paper, we survey related studies in cloud data storage with revocation and define their requirements. Then we explain and analyze four representative approaches. Finally, we provide some topics for future research
Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel.

Microbial-type rhodopsins are found in archaea, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Some of them represent membrane ion transport proteins such as bacteriorhodopsin, a light-driven proton pump, or channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1), a recently identified light-gated proton channel from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ChR1 and ChR2, a related microbial-type rhodopsin from C. reinhardtii, were shown to be involved in generation of photocurrents of this green alga. We demonstrate by functional expression, both in oocytes of Xenopus laevis and mammalian cells, that ChR2 is a directly light-switched cation-selective ion channel. This channel opens rapidly after absorption of a photon to generate a large permeability for monovalent and divalent cations. ChR2 desensitizes in continuous light to a smaller steady-state conductance. Recovery from desensitization is accelerated by extracellular H+ and negative membrane potential, whereas closing of the ChR2 ion channel is decelerated by intracellular H+. ChR2 is expressed mainly in C. reinhardtii under low-light conditions, suggesting involvement in photoreception in dark-adapted cells. The predicted seven-transmembrane alpha helices of ChR2 are characteristic for G protein-coupled receptors but reflect a different motif for a cation-selective ion channel. Finally, we demonstrate that ChR2 may be used to depolarize small or large cells, simply by illumination.
Clinical decision support systems for the practice of evidence-based medicine.

The use of clinical decision support systems to facilitate the practice of evidence-based medicine promises to substantially improve health care quality.



To describe, on the basis of the proceedings of the Evidence and Decision Support track at the 2000 AMIA Spring Symposium, the research and policy challenges for capturing research and practice-based evidence in machine-interpretable repositories, and to present recommendations for accelerating the development and adoption of clinical decision support systems for evidence-based medicine.



The recommendations fall into five broad areas--capture literature-based and practice-based evidence in machine--interpretable knowledge bases; develop maintainable technical and methodological foundations for computer-based decision support; evaluate the clinical effects and costs of clinical decision support systems and the ways clinical decision support systems affect and are affected by professional and organizational practices; identify and disseminate best practices for work flow-sensitive implementations of clinical decision support systems; and establish public policies that provide incentives for implementing clinical decision support systems to improve health care quality.



Although the promise of clinical decision support system-facilitated evidence-based medicine is strong, substantial work remains to be done to realize the potential benefits.
Bayesian persuasion with heterogeneous priors

In a world in which rational individuals may hold different prior beliefs, a sender can influence the behavior of a receiver by controlling the informativeness of an experiment (public signal). We characterize the set of distributions of posterior beliefs that can be induced by an experiment, and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a sender to benefit from persuasion. We then provide sufficient conditions for the sender to benefit from persuasion for almost every pair of prior beliefs, even when there is no value of persuasion under a common prior. Our main condition is that the receiver’s action depends on his beliefs only through his expectation of some random variable.
User experience in do-it-yourself-style smart homes

Do-it-yourself (DIY)-style smart home products enable users to create their own smart homes by installing sensors and actuators. DIY smart home products are a potential solution to current problems related to home automation products, such as inflexible user controls and high costs of installation. Although the expected user experience of DIY smart home products is different from that of previous home automation products, research on DIY smart home products is still in its early stages. In this paper, we report a 3-week in situ observational study involving eight households. The results suggest six stages of the DIY smart home usage cycle and design implications for improving the user experience of DIY smart home products.
The Bibliometric Properties of Article Readership Information

Digital libraries such as the NASA Astrophysics Data System (Kurtz et al. 2004) permit the easy accumulation of a new type of bibliometric measure, the number of electronic accesses (\reads") of individual articles. We explore various aspects of this new measure. We examine the obsolescence function as measured by actual reads, and show that it can be well t by the sum of four exponentials with very di erent time constants. We compare the obsolescence function as measured by readership with the obsolescence function as measured by citations. We nd that the citation function is proportional to the sum of two of the components of the readership function. This proves that the normative theory of citation is true in the mean. We further examine in detail the similarities and di erences between the citation rate, the readership rate and the total citations for individual articles, and discuss some of the causes. Using the number of reads as a bibliometric measure for individuals, we introduce the read-cite diagram to provide a two-dimensional view of an individual's scienti c productivity. We develop a simple model to account for an individual's reads and cites and use it to show that the position of a person in the read-cite diagram is a function of age, innate productivity, and work history. We show the age biases of both reads and cites, and develop two new bibliometric measures which have substantially less age bias than citations: SumProd, a weighted sum of total citations and the readership rate, intended to show the total productivity of an individual; and Read10, the readership rate for papers published in the last ten years, intended to show an individual's current productivity. We also discuss the e ect of normalization (dividing by the number of authors on a paper) on these statistics. We apply SumProd and Read10 using new, non-parametric techniques to rank and compare di erent astronomical research organizations Subject headings: digital libraries; bibliometrics; sociology of science; information retrieval
Difficult vaginal hysterectomy.

A difficult vaginal hysterectomy can challenge the most accomplished pelvic surgeon. Large uterine size or prior pelvic surgery is commonly thought to make a vaginal hysterectomy more difficult, but more common issues such as large body habitus or extensive prolapse may make performing a vaginal hysterectomy even more technically challenging. The knowledge and expertise needed to perform a routine vaginal hysterectomy are prerequisites for managing more difficult cases. As techniques in pelvic surgery continue to evolve, it is critical that this minimally invasive procedure continue to be taught and performed.