nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Class III Malocclusion Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment

The aim of the present case report is to describe the orthodontic-surgical treatment of a 17-year-and-9-month-old female patient with a Class III malocclusion, poor facial esthetics, and mandibular and chin protrusion. She had significant anteroposterior and transverse discrepancies, a concave profile, and strained lip closure. Intraorally, she had a negative overjet of 5 mm and an overbite of 5 mm. The treatment objectives were to correct the malocclusion, and facial esthetic and also return the correct function. The surgical procedures included a Le Fort I osteotomy for expansion, advancement, impaction, and rotation of the maxilla to correct the occlusal plane inclination. There was 2 mm of impaction of the anterior portion of the maxilla and 5 mm of extrusion in the posterior region. A bilateral sagittal split osteotomy was performed in order to allow counterclockwise rotation of the mandible and anterior projection of the chin, accompanying the maxillary occlusal plane. Rigid internal fixation was used without any intermaxillary fixation. It was concluded that these procedures were very effective in producing a pleasing facial esthetic result, showing stability 7 years posttreatment.
A tutorial on partially observable Markov decision processes

The partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) model of environments was first explored in the engineering and operations research communities 40 years ago. More recently, the model has been embraced by researchers in artificial intelligence and machine learning, leading to a flurry of solution algorithms that can identify optimal or near-optimal behavior in many environments represented as POMDPs. The purpose of this article is to introduce the POMDP model to behavioral scientists who may wish to apply the framework to the problem of understanding normative behavior in experimental settings. The article includes concrete examples using a publicly-available POMDP solution package.
Assessment of depth of anesthesia: PRST score versus bispectral index.

Assessment of depth of anesthesia is the basis in anesthesiologists work because the occurrence of awareness during general anesthesia is important due to stress, which is caused in the patient at that moment, and due to complications that may arise later. There are subjective and objective methods used to estimate the depth of anesthesia. The aim of this study was to assess the depth of anesthesia based on clinical parameters and on the basis bispectral index, and determine the part of bispectral monitoring in support to clinical assessment.



Sixty patients divided into two groups were analyzed in a prospective study. In first group (group 1), the depth of anesthesia was assessed by PRST score, and in the second group (group 2) was assessed by bispectral monitoring with determination PRST score concurrently. In both groups PRST score was assessed in four periods, while bispectral monitoring is used continuously. For analysis were used the BIS index values from the equivalent periods as PRST scores. PRST score value 0-3, and BIS index 40-60 were considered as adequate depth of anesthesia. The results showed that in our study were not waking patients during the surgery. In the group where the depth of anesthesia assessed clinically, we had a few of respondents (13%) for whom at some point were present indicators of light anesthesia. Postoperative interview excluded the possibility of intraoperative awareness. In the second group of patients and objective and clinical assessment indicated at all times to adequate depth of anesthesia.



The use of BIS monitoring with clinical assessment allows anesthesiologists precise decision-making in balancing and dosage of anesthetics and other drugs, as well as treatment in certain situations.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE RESPONSE OF THE SEMICIRCULAR CANAL AND OTOLITH TO VESTIBULAR SYSTEM ROTATION UNDER GRAVITY

A mathematical model of the system composed of two sensors, the semicircular canal and the sacculus, is suggested. The model is described by three lines of blocks, each line of which has the following structure: a biomechanical block, a mechanoelectrical transduction mechanism, and a block describing the hair cell ionic currents and membrane potential dynamics. The response of this system to various stimuli (head rotation under gravity and falling) is investigated. Identification of the model parameters was done with the experimental data obtained for the axolotl (Ambystoma tigrinum) at the Institute of Physiology, Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico. Comparative analysis of the semicircular canal and sacculus membrane potentials is presented.
A Dynamic Processor Allocation Policy for Multiprogrammed Shared-memory Multiprocessors

We propose and evaluate empirically the performance of a dynamic processor-scheduling policy for multiprogrammed shared-memory multiprocessors. The policy is dynamic in that it reallocates processors from one parallel job to another based on the currently realized parallelism of those jobs. The policy is suitable for implementation in production systems in that:
—It interacts well with very efficient user-level thread packages, leaving to them many low-level thread operations that do not require kernel intervention.
—It deals with thread blocking due to user I/O and page faults.
—It ensures fairness in delivering resources to jobs.
—Its performance, measured in terms of average job response time, is superior to that of previously proposed schedulers, including those implemented in existing systems.
It provides good performance to very short, sequential (e.g., interactive) requests.
We have evaluated our scheduler and compared it to alternatives using a set of prototype implementations running on a Sequent Symmetry multiprocessor. Using a number of parallel applications with distinct qualitative behaviors, we have both evaluated the policies according to the major criterion of overall performance and examined a number of more general policy issues, including the advantage of “space sharing” over “time sharing” the processors of a multiprocessor, and the importance of cooperation between the kernel and the application in reallocating processors between jobs. We have also compared the policies according to other criteia important in real implementations, in particular, fairness and respone time to short, sequential requests. We conclude that a combination of performance and implementation considerations makes a compelling case for our dynamic scheduling policy.
The burden of malaria in pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas.

Pregnant women in malarious areas may experience a variety of adverse consequences from malaria infection including maternal anemia, placental accumulation of parasites, low birth weight (LBW) from prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), fetal parasite exposure and congenital infection, and infant mortality (IM) linked to preterm-LBW and IUGR-LBW. We reviewed studies between 1985 and 2000 and summarized the malaria population attributable risk (PAR) that accounts for both the prevalence of the risk factors in the population and the magnitude of the associated risk for anemia, LBW, and IM. Consequences from anemia and human immunodeficiency virus infection in these studies were also considered. Population attributable risks were substantial: malaria was associated with anemia (PAR range = 3-15%), LBW (8-14%), preterm-LBW (8-36%), IUGR-LBW (13-70%), and IM (3-8%). Human immunodeficiency virus was associated with anemia (PAR range = 12-14%), LBW (11-38%), and direct transmission in 20-40% of newborns, with direct mortality consequences. Maternal anemia was associated with LBW (PAR range = 7-18%), and fetal anemia was associated with increased IM (PAR not available). We estimate that each year 75,000 to 200,000 infant deaths are associated with malaria infection in pregnancy. The failure to apply known effective antimalarial interventions through antenatal programs continues to contribute substantially to infant deaths globally.
Racism and the physical and mental health status of African Americans: a thirteen year national panel study.

This paper examined the relationships between the experiences and perceptions of racism and the physical and mental health status of African Americans. The study was based upon thirteen year (1979 to 1992), four wave, national panel data (n = 623) from the National Survey of Black Americans. Personal experiences of racism were found to have both adverse and salubrious immediate and cumulative effects on the physical and mental well-being of African Americans. In 1979-80, reports of poor treatment due to race were inversely related to subjective well-being and positively associated with the number of reported physical health problems. Reports of negative racial encounters over the 13-year period were weakly predictive of poor subjective well-being in 1992. A more general measure of racial beliefs, perceiving that whites want to keep blacks down, was found to be related to poorer physical health in 1979-80, better physical health in 1992, and predicted increased psychological distress, as well as, lower levels of subjective well-being in 1992. In conclusion, the authors suggested future research on possible factors contributing to the relationship between racism and health status among African Americans.
A simulation analysis of double-fed induction generator for wind energy conversion using PSpice

A wind energy conversion system (WECS) differs from a conventional power system. In a conventional power plant, the power generation can be controlled. But, the power output of a WECS fluctuates with the wind. This variable power generation nature makes it difficult for analysis, design, and management of a WECS so that various approaches have been developed to study WECS behaviors. Although a transient simulation is important to understand WECS performance in a short time period, the dynamic steady-state simulation is a valuable approach to comprehend WECS characteristics in a broader spectrum. This paper explores steady-state characteristics of a typical modern variable-speed WECS that uses double-fed induction generators (DFIG), a variable-speed generator widely used in the wind power industry, as its generating facilities. The dynamic steady-state simulation model of the DFIG is developed using PSpice. Simulation analysis is performed to investigate a variety of DFIG characteristics, including torque-speed, and real and reactive-power over speed characteristics. Based on the analysis, the DFIG operating characteristics are studied
A constrained graph algebra for semantic parsing with AMRs

When learning grammars that map from sentences to abstract meaning representations (AMRs), one faces the challenge that an AMR can be described in a huge number of different ways using traditional graph algebras. We introduce a new algebra for building graphs from smaller parts, using linguistically motivated operations for combining a head with a complement or a modifier. Using this algebra, we can reduce the number of analyses per AMR graph dramatically; at the same time, we show that challenging linguistic constructions can still be handled correctly.
Broadband Circularly Polarized Printed Slot-Monopole Antenna

A slot and a monopole antenna fabricated on a single substrate can generate circularly polarized radiation over a broad band of frequencies. Appropriate power division network is used to feed the elements from a microstrip transmission line. Radiation pattern of antenna is circularly polarized in the broadside direction. Measured 3-dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth is 30%, and the 10-dB S11 bandwidth is 51%.
0.7–20-GHz Dual-Polarized Bilateral Tapered Slot Antenna for EMC Measurements

An asymmetric wideband dual-polarized bilateral tapered slot antenna (DBTSA) is proposed in this letter for wireless EMC measurements. The DBTSA is formed by two bilateral tapered slot antennas designed with low cross polarization. With careful design, the achieved DBTSA not only has a wide operating frequency band, but also maintains a single main-beam from 700 MHz to 20 GHz. This is a significant improvement compared to the conventional dual-polarized tapered slot antennas, which suffer from main-beam split in the high-frequency band. The innovative asymmetric configuration of the proposed DBTSA significantly reduces the field coupling between the two antenna elements, so that low cross polarization and high port isolation are obtained across the entire frequency range. All these intriguing characteristics make the proposed DBTSA a good candidate for a dual-polarized sensor antenna for wireless EMC measurements.
Effectiveness of topical silicone gel and pressure garment therapy for burn scar prevention and management in children: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Abnormal scar development following burn injury can cause substantial physical and psychological distress to children and their families. Common burn scar prevention and management techniques include silicone therapy, pressure garment therapy, or a combination of both. Currently, no definitive, high-quality evidence is available for the effectiveness of topical silicone gel or pressure garment therapy for the prevention and management of burn scars in the paediatric population. Thus, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of these treatments in children.



A randomised controlled trial will be conducted at a large tertiary metropolitan children's hospital in Australia. Participants will be randomised to one of three groups: Strataderm® topical silicone gel only, pressure garment therapy only, or combined Strataderm® topical silicone gel and pressure garment therapy. Participants will include 135 children (45 per group) up to 16 years of age who are referred for scar management for a new burn. Children up to 18 years of age will also be recruited following surgery for burn scar reconstruction. Primary outcomes are scar itch intensity and scar thickness. Secondary outcomes include scar characteristics (e.g. colour, pigmentation, pliability, pain), the patient's, caregiver's and therapist's overall opinion of the scar, health service costs, adherence, health-related quality of life, treatment satisfaction and adverse effects. Measures will be completed on up to two sites per person at baseline and 1 week post scar management commencement, 3 months and 6 months post burn, or post burn scar reconstruction. Data will be analysed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate regression analyses.



Results of this study will determine the effectiveness of three noninvasive scar interventions in children at risk of, and with, scarring post burn or post reconstruction.
Ochratoxin A in table wine and grape-juice: occurrence and risk assessment.

The concentrations of ochratoxin A (OA) and C (ethyl ester of OA, OC) have been measured in table wine from the Swiss retail market. The overall median concentrations of OA in white, rose and red table wine were (number of samples; range) < 3 pg/ml (24; < 3-178 pg/ml), 19 pg/ml (15; < 3-123 pg/ml) and 13 pg/ml (79; < 3-388 pg/ml)), respectively. For dessert wines (Malaga, Marsala) a median of 337 pg/ml (5; 44-451 pg/ml) resulted. Concentrations of OC were about 10% of those of OA. OA has been detected in red grape-juices for the first time with median concentrations amounting to 235 pg/ml (8; < 3-311 pg/ml). White grape-juices (3) as well as other fruit juices (2 apple, 6 orange, 2 others) did not contain OA (< 5 pg/ml). The analytical method used was not appropriate for grapefruit-juices because of an interfering substance. The results indicate that OA is formed prior to the alcoholic fermentation. It also appears that the more southerly in Europe is the origin of the samples the higher is the frequency of occurrence and the concentration of OA in red wines and red grape-juices. Although the estimated mean daily OA intake of 0-7 ng/kg body mass (men) can easily be more than doubled by moderate wine consumption, an additional health risk by OA is not to be expected. On the other hand the consumption of red grape-juices among infants and children may result in intakes high enough to justify a reduction of the OA concentrations in these juices to less than 100 pg/ml.
BreakingNews: Article Annotation by Image and Text Processing

Building upon recent Deep Neural Network architectures, current approaches lying in the intersection of Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing have achieved unprecedented breakthroughs in tasks like automatic captioning or image retrieval. Most of these learning methods, though, rely on large training sets of images associated with human annotations that specifically describe the visual content. In this paper we propose to go a step further and explore the more complex cases where textual descriptions are loosely related to the images. We focus on the particular domain of news articles in which the textual content often expresses connotative and ambiguous relations that are only suggested but not directly inferred from images. We introduce an adaptive CNN architecture that shares most of the structure for multiple tasks including source detection, article illustration and geolocation of articles. Deep Canonical Correlation Analysis is deployed for article illustration, and a new loss function based on Great Circle Distance is proposed for geolocation. Furthermore, we present BreakingNews, a novel dataset with approximately 100K news articles including images, text and captions, and enriched with heterogeneous meta-data (such as GPS coordinates and user comments). We show this dataset to be appropriate to explore all aforementioned problems, for which we provide a baseline performance using various Deep Learning architectures, and different representations of the textual and visual features. We report very promising results and bring to light several limitations of current state-of-the-art in this kind of domain, which we hope will help spur progress in the field.
Machine Learning Based Student Grade Prediction: A Case Study

In higher educational institutes, many students have to struggle hard to complete different courses since there is no dedicated support offered to students who need special attention in the registered courses. Machine learning techniques can be utilized for students’ grades prediction in different courses. Such techniques would help students to improve their performance based on predicted grades and would enable instructors to identify such individuals who might need assistance in the courses. In this paper, we use Collaborative Filtering (CF), Matrix Factorization (MF), and Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) techniques to systematically analyze a real-world data collected from Information Technology University (ITU), Lahore, Pakistan. We evaluate the academic performance of ITU students who got admission in the bachelor’s degree program in ITU’s Electrical Engineering department. The RBM technique is found to be better than the other techniques used in predicting the students’ performance in the particular course.
3D printing of modified-release aminosalicylate (4-ASA and 5-ASA) tablets.

The aim of this study was to explore the potential of fused-deposition 3-dimensional printing (FDM 3DP) to produce modified-release drug loaded tablets. Two aminosalicylate isomers used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, mesalazine) and 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA), were selected as model drugs. Commercially produced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filaments were loaded with the drugs in an ethanolic drug solution. A final drug-loading of 0.06% w/w and 0.25% w/w was achieved for the 5-ASA and 4-ASA strands, respectively. 10.5mm diameter tablets of both PVA/4-ASA and PVA/5-ASA were subsequently printed using an FDM 3D printer, and varying the weight and densities of the printed tablets was achieved by selecting the infill percentage in the printer software. The tablets were mechanically strong, and the FDM 3D printing was shown to be an effective process for the manufacture of the drug, 5-ASA. Significant thermal degradation of the active 4-ASA (50%) occurred during printing, however, indicating that the method may not be appropriate for drugs when printing at high temperatures exceeding those of the degradation point. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the formulated blends confirmed these findings while highlighting the potential of thermal analytical techniques to anticipate drug degradation issues in the 3D printing process. The results of the dissolution tests conducted in modified Hank's bicarbonate buffer showed that release profiles for both drugs were dependent on both the drug itself and on the infill percentage of the tablet. Our work here demonstrates the potential role of FDM 3DP as an efficient and low-cost alternative method of manufacturing individually tailored oral drug dosage, and also for production of modified-release formulations.
Using partial directed coherence to describe neuronal ensemble interactions

This paper illustrates the use of the recently introduced method of partial directed coherence in approaching how interactions among neural structures change over short time spans that characterize well defined behavioral states. Central to the method is its use of multivariate time series modelling in conjunction with the concept of Granger causality. Simulated neural network models were used to illustrate the technique's power and limitations when dealing with neural spiking data. This was followed by the analysis of multi-unit activity data illustrating dynamical change in the interaction of thalamo-cortical structures in a behaving rat.
A Millimeter Wave Beam Tracking in Vehicular Scenario via Particle Filter

Mobility tracking has been highlighted as one of the key issues in millimeter wave communication. Although several beam tracking algorithms have been proposed to improve mobility tracking, these algorithms suffer high complexity. In this paper, we propose a low complexity beam tracking protocol via particle filter. In the proposed algorithm, a single beam pair is trained to track a path by exploiting the location information of the mobile station. We investigate several effects on the performance of the proposed tracking algorithm, such as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the array size of the base station antennas. It is observed that as the signal-to-noise ratio and the array size increases, the beam tracking performance improves.
Seeking the chemical roots of darwinism: bridging between chemistry and biology.

Chemistry and biology are intimately connected sciences yet the chemistry-biology interface remains problematic and central issues regarding the very essence of living systems remain unresolved. In this essay we build on a kinetic theory of replicating systems that encompasses the idea that there are two distinct kinds of stability in nature-thermodynamic stability, associated with "regular" chemical systems, and dynamic kinetic stability, associated with replicating systems. That fundamental distinction is utilized to bridge between chemistry and biology by demonstrating that within the parallel world of replicating systems there is a second law analogue to the second law of thermodynamics, and that Darwinian theory may, through scientific reductionism, be related to that second law analogue. Possible implications of these ideas to the origin of life problem and the relationship between chemical emergence and biological evolution are discussed.