nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
of Surface Electromyogram Signals : Its Analysis and Applications

Electromyography (EMG) is the study of muscles function through analysis of electrical activity produced from muscles. This electrical activity which is displayed in the form of signal is the result of neuromuscular activation associated with muscle contraction. The most common techniques of EMG signal recording are by using surface and needle/wire electrode where the latter is usually used for interest in deep muscle. This paper will focus on surface electromyogram (SEMG) signal. During SEMG recording, several problems had to been countered such as noise, motion artifact and signal instability. Thus, various signal processing techniques had been implemented to produce a reliable signal for analysis. SEMG signal finds broad application particularly in biomedical field. It had been analyzed and studied for various interests such as neuromuscular disease, enhancement of muscular function and human-computer interface. Evolvable hardware (EHW), Functional Electrical Simulation (FES), Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Hjorth Time Domain (HTD).
Cancer incidence among firefighters in Seattle and Tacoma, Washington (United States)

In order to determine if exposure to carcinogens in fire smoke increases the risk of cancer, we examined the incidence of cancer in a cohort of 2,447 male firefighters in Seattle and Tacoma, (Washington, USA). The study population was followed for 16 years (1974–89) and the incidence of cancer, ascertained using a population-based tumor registry, was compared with local rates and with the incidence among 1,878 policemen from the same cities. The risk of cancer among firefighters was found to be similar to both the police and the general male population for most common sites. An elevated risk of prostate cancer was observed relative to the general population (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]=1.4, 95 percent confidence interval  but was less elevated compared with rates in policement (incidence density ratio [IDR]=1.1, CI=0.7–1.8) and was not related to duration of exposure. The risk of colon cancer, although only slightly elevated relative to the general population (SIR=1.1, CI=0.7–1.6) and the police (IDR=1.3, CI=0.6–3.0), appeared to increase with duration of employment. Although the relationship between firefighting and colon cancer is consistent with some previous studies, it is based on small numbers and may be due to chance. While this study did not find strong evidence for an excess risk of cancer, the presence of carcinogens in the firefighting environment warrants periodic re-evaluation of cancer incidence in this population and the continued use of protective equipment.
Less-redundant Text Summarization Using Ensemble Clustering Algorithm Based on GA and PSO

In this paper, a novel text clustering technique is proposed to summarize text documents. The clustering method, so called ‘Ensemble Clustering Method’, combines both genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) efficiently and automatically to get the best clustering results. The summarization with this clustering method is to effectively avoid the redundancy in the summarized document and to show the good summarizing results, extracting the most significant and non-redundant sentence from clustering sentences of a document. We tested this technique with various text documents in the open benchmark datasets, DUC01 and DUC02. To evaluate the performances, we used F-measure and ROUGE. The experimental results show that the performance capability of our method is about 11% to 24% better than other summarization algorithms.  Text Summarization; Extractive Summarization; Ensemble Clustering; Genetic Algorithms; Particle Swarm Optimization
Accumulation channel vs. inversion channel 1.2 kV rated 4H-SiC buffered-gate (BG) MOSFETs: Analysis and experimental results

SiC power MOSFETs with improved high frequency figures-of-merit (HF-FOMs) are needed for various applications to reduce switching energy losses. This paper compares the electrical performance of novel 1.2 kV-rated 4H-SiC Accumulation channel (Accu) and Inversion channel (Inv) Buffered-Gate (BG) MOSFETs with conventional (C) and Split-Gate (SG) devices. It is demonstrated that Accu BG-MOSFETs exhibit 4.0× and 2.6× smaller HF-FOM [Ron×Qgd], and 3.6× and 2.1× smaller HF-FOM [Ron×Cgd], when compared to the Accu C-MOSFET and Accu SG-MOSFET, respectively.
Review of Literature for the Development of Indian Sign Language Recognition System

In recent years, sign language recognition has attracted much attention in computer vision . A sign language is a means of conveying the message by using hand, arm, body, and face to convey thoughts and meanings. Like spoken languages, sign languages emerge and evolve naturally within hearing-impaired communities. However, sign languages are not universal. There is no internationally recognized and standardized sign language for all deaf people. As is the case in spoken language, every country has got its own sign language with high degree of grammatical variations. The sign language used in India is commonly known as Indian Sign Language (henceforth called ISL).
Attention on Weak Ties in Social and Communication Networks

Lilian Weng, Márton Karsai, 3 Nicola Perra, Filippo Menczer, and Alessandro Flammini Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 47405, Bloomington, USA Laboratoire de l’Informatique du Parallélisme, INRIA-UMR 5668, IXXI, ENS de Lyon, 69364, Lyon, France Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, 02115, Boston, USA
Improved Design of High-Performance Parallel Decimal Multipliers

The new generation of high-performance decimal floating-point units (DFUs) is demanding efficient implementations of parallel decimal multipliers. In this paper, we describe the architectures of two parallel decimal multipliers. The parallel generation of partial products is performed using signed-digit radix-10 or radix-5 recodings of the multiplier and a simplified set of multiplicand multiples. The reduction of partial products is implemented in a tree structure based on a decimal multioperand carry-save addition algorithm that uses unconventional (non BCD) decimal-coded number systems. We further detail these techniques and present the new improvements to reduce the latency of the previous designs, which include: optimized digit recoders for the generation of 2n-tuples (and 5-tuples), decimal carry-save adders (CSAs) combining different decimal-coded operands, and carry-free adders implemented by special designed bit counters. Moreover, we detail a design methodology that combines all these techniques to obtain efficient reduction trees with different area and delay trade-offs for any number of partial products generated. Evaluation results for 16-digit operands show that the proposed architectures have interesting area-delay figures compared to conventional Booth radix-4 and radix--8 parallel binary multipliers and outperform the figures of previous alternatives for decimal multiplication.
A New Stochastic Computing Methodology for Efficient Neural Network Implementation

This paper presents a new methodology for the hardware implementation of neural networks (NNs) based on probabilistic laws. The proposed encoding scheme circumvents the limitations of classical stochastic computing (based on unipolar or bipolar encoding) extending the representation range to any real number using the ratio of two bipolar-encoded pulsed signals. Furthermore, the novel approach presents practically a total noise-immunity capability due to its specific codification. We introduce different designs for building the fundamental blocks needed to implement NNs. The validity of the present approach is demonstrated through a regression and a pattern recognition task. The low cost of the methodology in terms of hardware, along with its capacity to implement complex mathematical functions (such as the hyperbolic tangent), allows its use for building highly reliable systems and parallel computing.
Power quality improvement in induction furnace through harmonic current compensation

Harmonic current is one of the major power quality problems due to non linear loads. In this paper the harmonic current in induction furnace load is compensated using active power filter. The inverters and rectifier switching creates harmonics in input side. It is then compensated by using active power filter with p-q theory and PI controller. The simulation result are obtained with FFT analysis and shows the minimisation of current harmonic.
Review of variable-flux permanent magnet machines

Variable-flux permanent-magnet machines (VFPM) are of great interest and many different machine topologies have been documented. This paper categorizes VFPM machine topologies with regard to the method of flux variation and further, in the case of hybrid excited machines with field coils, with regard to the location of the excitation sources. The different VFPM machines are reviewed and compared in terms of their torque density, complexity and their ability to vary the flux.
Development of an optical tweezer combined with micromanipulation for DNA and protein nanobioscience

We have constructed an optical tweezer using two lasers (830 nm and 1064 nm) combined with micropipette manipulation having sub-pN force sensitivity. Sample position is controlled within nanometer accuracy using XYZ piezo-electric stage. The position of the bead in the trap is monitored using single particle laser backscattering technique. The instrument is automated to operate in constant force, constant velocity or constant position measurement. We present data on single DNA force-extension, dynamics of DNA integration on membranes and optically trapped bead–cell interactions. A quantitative analysis of single DNA and protein mechanics, assembly and dynamics opens up new possibilities in nanobioscience.
A learning-based coalition formation model for multiagent systems

In this paper, we present a learning-based coalition formation model that forms sub-optimal coalitions among agents to solve real-time constrained allocation problems in a dynamic, uncertain and noisy environment. This model consists of three stages (coalition planning, coalition instantiation and coalition evaluation) and an integrated learning framework. An agent first derives a coalition formation plan via case-based reasoning (CBR). Guided by this plan, the agent instantiates a coalition through negotiations with other agents. When the process completes, the agent evaluates the outcomes. The integrated learning framework involves multiple levels embedded in the three stages. At a low level on strategic and tactical details, the model allows an agent to learn how to negotiate. At the meta-level, an agent learns how to improve on its planning and the actual execution of the plan. The model uses an approach that synthesizes reinforcement learning (RL) and case-based learning (CBL). We have implemented the model partially and conducted experiments on CPU allocation in a multisensor target-tracking domain.
Modelling with stakeholders - Next generation

This paper updates and builds on ‘Modelling with Stakeholders’ Voinov and Bousquet, 2010 which demonstrated the importance of, and demand for, stakeholder participation in resource and environmental modelling. This position paper returns to the concepts of that publication and reviews the progress made since 2010. A new development is the wide introduction and acceptance of social media and web applications, which dramatically changes the context and scale of stakeholder interactions and participation. Technology advances make it easier to incorporate information in interactive formats via visualization and games to augment participatory experiences. Citizens as stakeholders are increasingly demanding to be engaged in planning decisions that affect them and their communities, at scales from local to global. How people interact with and access models and data is rapidly evolving. In turn, this requires changes in how models are built, packaged, and disseminated: citizens are less in awe of experts and external authorities, and they are increasingly aware of their own capabilities to provide inputs to planning processes, including models. The continued acceleration of environmental degradation and natural resource depletion accompanies these societal changes, even as there is a growing acceptance of the need to transition to alternative, possibly very different, life styles. Substantive transitions cannot occur without significant changes in human behaviour and perceptions. The important and diverse roles that models can play in guiding human behaviour, and in disseminating and increasing societal knowledge, are a feature of stakeholder processes today.
1 Social Modeling for Requirements Engineering : An Introduction

Information technology can be used in innumerable ways and has great potential for improving people's lives. Yet, designing systems that truly meet people's needs remains a considerable challenge. Every day we encounter systems that do not do what we want. Many software projects continue to fail at alarming rates. Much of this challenge is attributed to the di‰culty of pinning down system requirements—e¤ective ways to determine what people want when they initially conceive of the need for a software system. This book o¤ers a new way of approaching the requirements challenge. The central premise is that to arrive at system requirements, that is, to conceive what system to build, one should examine and understand the relationships among social actors. A system aims to improve the relationship that some actors have with other actors. Rather than focusing on the behavioral properties of software, as in a mechanistic system, we should raise the level of abstraction and ask how the system will advance the relationships that some actors have in relation to other actors. This perspective leads to a rather di¤erent approach to requirements modeling and analysis , one that is based on describing and analyzing social relationships. We are then led to ask how we model and analyze the social world in order to lead to better system requirements. What concepts should be the basis for such modeling? What questions should the models help answer, and how can they lead us to systematically explore alternatives and analyze the consequences of our choices? Traditionally, the task of the requirements analyst is to collect requirements statements from stakeholders: the customer and representatives of users. These statements say what the system should do (functionality) and at what levels of quality (nonfunctional properties such as performance, reliability, extensibility, usability, and costs). For large systems, there can be a large number of such statements coming from many stakeholders. The analyst aims to ensure that these statements are consistent (i.e., they do not contradict each other), complete (i.e., they fully reflect what the stakeholders are expecting from the system), and unambiguous (i.e., su‰ciently precise so that they will not be misinterpreted by the developers).
Condition montoring of rotating machines supported by hydrostatic bearings

In this research work a neural network based technique to be applied on condition monitoring and diagnosis of rotating machines equipped with hydrostatic self levitating bearing system is presented. Based on fluid measured data, such pressures and temperature, vibration analysis based diagnosis is being carried out by determining the vibration characteristics of the rotating machines on the basis of signal processing tasks. Required signals are achieved by conversion of measured data (fluid temperature and pressures) into virtual data (vibration magnitudes) by means of neural network functional approximation techniques.
Evaluation of new suspension system for limb prosthetics

Good prosthetic suspension system secures the residual limb inside the prosthetic socket and enables easy donning and doffing. This study aimed to introduce, evaluate and compare a newly designed prosthetic suspension system (HOLO) with the current suspension systems (suction, pin/lock and magnetic systems).



All the suspension systems were tested (tensile testing machine) in terms of the degree of the shear strength and the patient's comfort. Nine transtibial amputees participated in this study. The patients were asked to use four different suspension systems. Afterwards, each participant completed a questionnaire for each system to evaluate their comfort. Furthermore, the systems were compared in terms of the cost.



The maximum tensile load that the new system could bear was 490 N (SD, 5.5) before the system failed. Pin/lock, magnetic and suction suspension systems could tolerate loads of 580 N (SD, 8.5), 350.9 (SD, 7) and 310 N (SD, 8.4), respectively. Our subjects were satisfied with the new hook and loop system, particularly in terms of easy donning and doffing. Furthermore, the new system is considerably cheaper (35 times) than the current locking systems in the market.



The new suspension system could successfully retain the prosthesis on the residual limb as a good alternative for lower limb amputees. In addition, the new system addresses some problems of the existing systems and is more cost effective than its counterparts.
Anterior cervicoplasty: Neck rejuvenation using local anesthesia.

There is a subset of male patients that is troubled by redundant midline skin of the neck. Such patients may not be interested in having a face lift; they simply want elimination of the "turkey neck" appearance. Removal of redundant skin and underlying tissue can produce excellent results. We report our use of anterior cervicoplasty consisting of submental excision, midline platsymal placation and cutaneous Z-plasty using only minimal oral sedation and local anesthesia. This procedure can be a safe alternative to a face-lift for a select group of patients.
Reactor An Object Behavioral Pattern for Demultiplexing and Dispatching Handles for Synchronous Events

The Reactor design pattern handles service requests that are delivered concurrently to an application by one or more clients. Each service in an application may consist of serveral methods and is represented by a separate event handler that is responsible for dispatching service-specific requests. Dispatching of event handlers is performed by an initiation dispatcher, which manages the registered event handlers. Demultiplexing of service requests is performed by a synchronous event demultiplexer.
On agent-based software engineering

Agent-based computing represents an exciting new synthesis both for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and, more generally, Computer Science. It has the potential to significantly improve the theory and the practice of modeling, designing, and implementing computer systems. Yet, to date, there has been little systematic analysis of what makes the agent-based approach such an appealing and powerful computational model. Moreover, even less effort has been devoted to discussing the inherent disadvantages that stem from adopting an agent-oriented view. Here both sets of issues are explored. The standpoint of this analysis is the role of agent-based software in solving complex, real-world problems. In particular, it will be argued that the development of robust and scalable software systems requires autonomous agents that can complete their objectives while situated in a dynamic and uncertain environment, that can engage in rich, high-level social interactions, and that can operate within flexible organisational structures.
Aalborg Universitet A Comprehensive Review of Low-Voltage-Ride-Through Methods for Fixed-Speed Wind Power Generators

This paper presents a comprehensive review of various techniques employed to enhance the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of the fixed-speed induction generators (FSIGs)-based wind turbines (WTs), which has a non-negligible 20% contribution of the existing wind energy in the world. As the FSIG-based WT system is directly connected to the grid with no power electronic interfaces, terminal voltage or reactive power output may not be precisely controlled. Thus, various LVRT strategies based on installation of the additional supporting technologies have been proposed in the literature. Although the various individual technologies are well documented, a comparative study of existing approaches has not been reported so far. This paper attempts to fill this void by providing a comprehensive analysis of these LVRT methods for FSIG-based WTs in terms of dynamic performance, controller complexity, and economic feasibility. A novel feature of this paper is to categorize LVRT capability enhancement approaches into three main groups depending on the connection configuration: series, shunt, and series-shunt (hybrid) connections and then discuss their advantages and limitations in detail. For verification purposes, several simulations are presented in MATLAB software to demonstrate and compare the reviewed LVRT schemes. Based on the simulated results, series connection dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and shunt connection static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) are the highly efficient LVRT capability enhancement approaches.
Perspectives on Organisms

This chapter reviews experimental results showing scaling, as a fundamental form of “theoretical symmetry” in biology. Allometry and scaling are the transformations of quantitative biological observables engendered by considering organisms of different sizes and at different scales, respectively. We then analyze anatomical fractal-like structures, the latter being ubiquitous in organs’ shape, yet with a fair amount of variability. We also discuss some observed temporal fractallike structures in biological time series. In the final part, we will provide some examples of space-time and of network configurations and dynamics. The few concepts and mathematics needed to understand allometry and scaling are progressively introduced, always accompanied by a discussion of the main experimental findings, either through special cases or more general results. We focus in particular on the robustness of these empirical observations and the corresponding variability.
Individual Differences in Personality Masculinity-Femininity: Examining the Effects of Genes, Environment, and Prenatal Hormone Transfer.

Males and females score differently on some personality traits, but the underlying etiology of these differences is not well understood. This study examined genetic, environmental, and prenatal hormonal influences on individual differences in personality masculinity-femininity (M-F). We used Big-Five personality inventory data of 9,520 Swedish twins (aged 27 to 54) to create a bipolar M-F personality scale. Using biometrical twin modeling, we estimated the influence of genetic and environmental factors on individual differences in a M-F personality score. Furthermore, we tested whether prenatal hormone transfer may influence individuals' M-F scores by comparing the scores of twins with a same-sex versus those with an opposite-sex co-twin. On average, males scored 1.09 standard deviations higher than females on the created M-F scale. Around a third of the variation in M-F personality score was attributable to genetic factors, while family environmental factors had no influence. Males and females from opposite-sex pairs scored significantly more masculine (both approximately 0.1 SD) than those from same-sex pairs. In conclusion, genetic influences explain part of the individual differences in personality M-F, and hormone transfer from the male to the female twin during pregnancy may increase the level of masculinization in females. Additional well-powered studies are needed to clarify this association and determine the underlying mechanisms in both sexes.