nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Usage, costs, and benefits of continuous integration in open-source projects

Continuous integration (CI) systems automate the compilation, building, and testing of software. Despite CI rising as a big success story in automated software engineering, it has received almost no attention from the research community. For example, how widely is CI used in practice, and what are some costs and benefits associated with CI? Without answering such questions, developers, tool builders, and researchers make decisions based on folklore instead of data. In this paper, we use three complementary methods to study the usage of CI in open-source projects. To understand which CI systems developers use, we analyzed 34,544 open-source projects from GitHub. To understand how developers use CI, we analyzed 1,529,291 builds from the most commonly used CI system. To understand why projects use or do not use CI, we surveyed 442 developers. With this data, we answered several key questions related to the usage, costs, and benefits of CI. Among our results, we show evidence that supports the claim that CI helps projects release more often, that CI is widely adopted by the most popular projects, as well as finding that the overall percentage of projects using CI continues to grow, making it important and timely to focus more research on CI.
An integrated design of power converters for electric vehicles

This paper proposes a novel integrated power system for electric vehicles (EVs) to improve the power density and efficiency at a less cost. It integrates the on-board charger (OBC) and the low-voltage DC/DC converter (LDC) by common use of semiconductor devices, capacitors and magnetic components. Therefore, the volume and cost of the integrated system is reduced compared with the conventional two independent converters. The proposed system can operate in three modes: OBC standalone mode, LDC standalone mode and OBC-LDC simultaneous mode. The phase-shift control is the main control strategy for this system. For a light load, a PWM plus phase shift (PPS) control is added to provide expending soft switching range. As the most important integrated component, the transformer is designed by considering the soft switching ranges. The theoretical analysis of topology, operating modes, control strategy and transformer design are presented. A prototype integrating a 3.3-kW OBC and a 2-kW LDC is built to demonstrate the validity and advantages of the proposed system.
Fibromyalgia and Depression

Fibromyalgia and depression might represent two manifestations of affective spectrum disorder. They share similar pathophysiology and are largely targeted by the same drugs with dual action on serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems. Here, we review evidence for genetic and environmental factors that predispose, precipitate, and perpetuate fibromyalgia and depression and include laboratory findings on the role of depression in fibromyalgia. Further, we comment on several aspects of fibromyalgia which support the development of reactive depression, substantially more so than in other chronic pain syndromes. However, while sharing many features with depression, fibromyalgia is associated with somatic comorbidities and absolutely defined by fluctuating spontaneous widespread pain. Fibromyalgia may, therefore, be more appropriately grouped together with other functional pain disorders, while psychologically distressed subgroups grouped additionally or solely with affective spectrum disorders.
A fuzzy ontology and its application to news summarization

In this paper, a fuzzy ontology and its application to news summarization are presented. The fuzzy ontology with fuzzy concepts is an extension of the domain ontology with crisp concepts. It is more suitable to describe the domain knowledge than domain ontology for solving the uncertainty reasoning problems. First, the domain ontology with various events of news is predefined by domain experts. The document preprocessing mechanism will generate the meaningful terms based on the news corpus and the Chinese news dictionary defined by the domain expert. Then, the meaningful terms will be classified according to the events of the news by the term classifier. The fuzzy inference mechanism will generate the membership degrees for each fuzzy concept of the fuzzy ontology. Every fuzzy concept has a set of membership degrees associated with various events of the domain ontology. In addition, a news agent based on the fuzzy ontology is also developed for news summarization. The news agent contains five modules, including a retrieval agent, a document preprocessing mechanism, a sentence path extractor, a sentence generator, and a sentence filter to perform news summarization. Furthermore, we construct an experimental website to test the proposed approach. The experimental results show that the news agent based on the fuzzy ontology can effectively operate for news summarization.
Mathematical Statistics with Mathematica, by Colin

This book is an accompaniment to the computer software package mathStatica (which runs as an add-on to Mathematica). The book comes with two CD-ROMS: mathStatica, and a 30-day trial version of Mathematica 4.1. The mathStatica CD-ROM includes an applications pack for doing mathematical statistics, custom Mathematica palettes and an electronic version of the book that is identical to the printed text, but can be used interactively to generate animations of some of the book's figures (e.g. as a parameter is varied). (I found this last feature particularly valuable.) MathStatica has statistical operators for determining expectations (and hence characteristic functions, for example) and probabilities, for finding the distributions of transformations of random variables and generally for dealing with the kinds of problems and questions that arise in mathematical statistics. Applications include estimation, curve-fitting, asymptotics, decision theory and moment conversion formulae (e.g. central to cumulant). To give an idea of the coverage of the book: after an introductory chapter, there are three chapters on random variables, then chapters on systems of distributions (e.g. Pearson), multivariate distributions, moments, asymptotic theory, decision theory and then three chapters on estimation. There is an appendix, which deals with technical Mathematica details. What distinguishes mathStatica from statistical packages such as S-PLUS, R, SPSS and SAS is its ability to deal with the algebraic/symbolic problems that are the main concern of mathematical statistics. This is, of course, because it is based on Mathematica, and this is also the reason that it has a note–book interface (which enables one to incorporate text, equations and pictures into a single line), and why arbitrary-precision calculations can be performed. According to the authors, 'this book can be used as a course text in mathematical statistics or as an accompaniment to a more traditional text'. Assumed knowledge includes preliminary courses in statistics, probability and calculus. The emphasis is on problem solving. The material is supposedly pitched at the same level as Hogg and Craig (1995). However some topics are treated in much more depth than in Hogg and Craig (characteristic functions for instance, which rate less than one page in Hogg and Craig). Also, the coverage is far broader than that of Hogg and Craig; additional topics include for instance stable distributions, cumulants, Pearson families, Gram-Charlier expansions and copulae. Hogg and Craig can be used as a textbook for a third-year course in mathematical statistics in some Australian universities , whereas there is …
Artificial Pancreas Device Systems for the Closed-Loop Control of Type 1 Diabetes

Closed-loop artificial pancreas device (APD) systems are externally worn medical devices that are being developed to enable people with type 1 diabetes to regulate their blood glucose levels in a more automated way. The innovative concept of this emerging technology is that hands-free, continuous, glycemic control can be achieved by using digital communication technology and advanced computer algorithms.



A horizon scanning review of this field was conducted using online sources of intelligence to identify systems in development. The systems were classified into subtypes according to their level of automation, the hormonal and glycemic control approaches used, and their research setting.



Eighteen closed-loop APD systems were identified. All were being tested in clinical trials prior to potential commercialization. Six were being studied in the home setting, 5 in outpatient settings, and 7 in inpatient settings. It is estimated that 2 systems may become commercially available in the EU by the end of 2016, 1 during 2017, and 2 more in 2018.



There are around 18 closed-loop APD systems progressing through early stages of clinical development. Only a few of these are currently in phase 3 trials and in settings that replicate real life.
Analysis of Obstacle-Climbing Capability of Planetary Exploration Rover with Rocker-Bogie Structure

Wheeled mobile robots are increasingly being utilized in unknown and dangerous situations such as planetary surface exploration. Based on force analysis of the differential joints and force analysis between the wheels and the ground, this paper established the quasi-static mathematical model of the 6-wheel mobile system of planetary exploration rover with rocker-bogie structure. Considering the constraint conditions, with the method of finding the wheels’friction force solution space feasible region, obstacle-climbing capability of the mobile mechanism was analyzed. Given the same obstacle heights and contact angles of wheel-ground, the single side forward obstacle-climbing of the wheels was simulated respectively, and the results show that the rear wheel has the best obstacle-climbing capability, the middle wheel is the worst, and the front wheel is moderate.
Opposition as victimhood in newspaper debates about same-sex marriage

In this paper, we take a queer linguistics approach to the analysis of data from British newspaper articles that discuss the introduction of same-sex marriage. Drawing on methods from CDA and corpus linguistics, we focus on the construction of agency in relation to the government extending marriage to same-sex couples, and those resisting this. We show that opponents to same-sex marriage are represented and represent themselves as victims whose moral values, traditions, and civil liberties are being threatened by the state. Specifically, we argue that victimhood is invoked in a way that both enables and permits discourses of implicit homophobia.
A Survey of Quality Prediction of Product Reviews

With the help of Web-2.0, the Internet offers a vast amount of reviews on many topics and in different domains. This has led to an explosive growth of product reviews and customer feedback, which presents the problem of how to handle the abundant volume of data. It is an expensive and time-consuming task to analyze this huge content of opinions. Therefore, the need for automated sentiment analysis systems is vital. However, these systems encounter many challenges; assessing the content quality of the posted opinions is an important area of study that is related to sentiment analysis. Currently, review helpfulness is assessed manually; however the task of automatically assessing it has gained more attention in recent years. This paper provides a survey of approaches to the challenge of identifying the content quality of product reviews. sentiment analysis; product reviews; content analysis; helpfulness detection
Managing Expressions as Data in Relational Database Systems

A wide-range of applications, including Publish/Subscribe, Workflow, and Web-site Personalization, require maintaining user’s interest in expected data as conditional expressions. This paper proposes to manage such expressions as data in Relational Database Systems (RDBMS). This is accomplished 1) by allowing expressions to be stored in a column of a database table and 2) by introducing a SQL EVALUATE operator to evaluate expressions for given data. Expressions when combined with predicates on other forms of data in a database, are just a flexible and powerful way of expressing interest in a data item. The ability to evaluate expressions (via EVALUATE operator) in SQL, enables applications to take advantage of the expressive power of SQL to support complex subscription models. The paper describes the key concepts, presents our approach of managing expressions in Oracle RDBMS, discusses a novel indexing scheme that allows efficient filtering of a large set of expressions, and outlines future directions.
REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL RESPONSE UNDER UNI-AND BI-DIRECTIONAL LOADING

During an earthquake, structures are subjected to both horizontal and vertical shaking. Most structures are rather insensitive to variations in the vertical acceleration history and primary considerations are given to the impact of the horizontal shaking on the behavior of structures. In the laboratory, however, most component tests are carried out under uni-directional horizontal loading to simulate earthquake effects rather than bi-directional loading. For example, biaxial loading tests of reinforced concrete (RC) walls constitute less than 0.5% of all quasi-static cyclic tests that have been conducted. Bi-directional tests require larger and more complex test setups than uni-directional tests and therefore should only be pursued if they provide insights and results that cannot be obtained from uni-directional tests. To investigate the influence of bi-directional loading on RC wall performance, this paper reviews results from quasi-static cyclic tests on RC walls that are reported in the literature. Results from uni-directional tests are compared to results from bi-directional tests for walls of different cross sections including rectangular walls, T-shaped walls, and U-shaped walls. The available test data are analyzed with regard to the influence of the loading history on stiffness, strength, deformation capacity and failure mode. Walls with T-shaped and Ushaped cross sections are designed to carry loads in both horizontal directions and thus consideration of the impact of bidirectional loading on behavior should be considered. However, it is also shown that the displacement capacity of walls with rectangular cross sections is typically reduced by 20 to 30% due to bi-directional loading. Further analysis of the test data indicates that the bi-directional loading protocol selected might impact wall strength and stiffness of the test specimen. Based on these findings, future research needs with regard to the response of RC walls subjected to bi-directional loading are provided.
Adaptive security mechanisms for safety applications in Internet of Vehicles

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an important constituent of next generation smart cities that enables city wide connectivity of vehicles for traffic management applications. A secure and reliable communications is an important ingredient of safety applications in IoV. While the use of a more robust security algorithm makes communications for safety applications secure, it could reduce application QoS due to increased packet overhead and security processing delays. Particularly, in high density scenarios where vehicles receive large number of safety packets from neighborhood, timely signature verification of these packets could not be guaranteed. As a result, critical safety packets remain unverified resulting in cryptographic loss. In this paper, we propose two security mechanisms that aim to reduce cryptographic loss rate. The first mechanism is random transmitter security level section whereas the second one is adaptive scheme that iteratively selects the best possible security level at the transmitter depending on the current cryptographic loss rate. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms in comparison with the static security technique recommended by the ETSI standard.
Identification of 53 compounds that block Ebola virus-like particle entry via a repurposing screen of approved drugs

In light of the current outbreak of Ebola virus disease, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutics to treat Ebola infection, and drug repurposing screening is a potentially rapid approach for identifying such therapeutics. We developed a biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) 1536-well plate assay to screen for entry inhibitors of Ebola virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the glycoprotein (GP) and the matrix VP40 protein fused to a beta-lactamase reporter protein and applied this assay for a rapid drug repurposing screen of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. We report here the identification of 53 drugs with activity of blocking Ebola VLP entry into cells. These 53 active compounds can be divided into categories including microtubule inhibitors, estrogen receptor modulators, antihistamines, antipsychotics, pump/channel antagonists, and anticancer/antibiotics. Several of these compounds, including microtubule inhibitors and estrogen receptor modulators, had previously been reported to be active in BSL-4 infectious Ebola virus replication assays and in animal model studies. Our assay represents a robust, effective and rapid high-throughput screen for the identification of lead compounds in drug development for the treatment of Ebola virus infection.
Conceptualizing Business Models for Competitive Advantage Research by Integrating the Resource and Market-Based Views

Two opposing theories have been proposed to explain competitive advantage of firms. First, the market-based view (MBV) is focused on product or market positions and competition while second, the resource-based view (RBV) aims at explaining success by inwardly looking at unique resources and capabilities of a firm. Research has been struggling to distinguish impacts of these theories for illuminating performance. Business models are seen as an important concept to systemize the business and value creation logic of firms by defining different core components. Thus, this paper tries to assess associations between these components and MBV or RBV perspectives by applying content analysis. Two of the business model components were found to have strong links with the MBV while three of them showed indications of their roots lying in the resource-based perspective. These results are discussed and theorized in a final step by suggesting frameworks of the corresponding perspectives for further explaining competitive advantage.
How human perceptions of Mura affect LCD market values

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) hold a large share of the flat-panel display market because LCDs offer advantages such as low power consumption, low radiation, and good image quality. However, image defects, such as spotlight, uniformity, and Mura defects, can impair the quality of an LCD. This research examined human perceptions of region-Mura and used Response Time and subjective markdown price to indicate the various severity levels of region-Mura that appeared at different display locations. The results indicate that, within a specific Mura Level range, the Mura’s location has a considerable impact on perceived quality (p < 0.001). Mura on the centers of LCDs have more impact than Mura on the corners of LCDs. Not all peripheral Mura were considered to be equal; participants chose different price markdown prices for LCDs with Mura in lower corners than they chose for LCDs with Mura in upper corners. These findings suggest that a manufacturer should establish a scraping threshold for LCDs based on information regarding Mura location to avoid the production waste from scrapping those LCDs, and should rotate the panel to position the most severe Mura in the lower part of the display to obtain a better perceived quality.
Impaired discourse gist and working memory in children after brain injury

Emerging evidence suggests that a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood may disrupt the ability to abstract the central meaning or gist-based memory from connected language (discourse). The current study adopts a novel approach to elucidate the role of immediate and working memory processes in producing a cohesive and coherent gist-based text in the form of a summary in children with mild and severe TBI as compared to typically developing children, ages 8-14 years at test. Both TBI groups showed decreased performance on a summary production task as well as retrieval of specific content from a long narrative. Working memory on n-back tasks was also impaired in children with severe TBI, whereas immediate memory performance for recall of a simple word list in both TBI groups was comparable to controls. Interestingly, working memory, but not simple immediate memory for a word list, was significantly correlated with summarization ability and ability to recall discourse content.
Designing the Mind of a Social Robot

Humans have an innate tendency to anthropomorphize surrounding entities and have always been fascinated by the creation of machines endowed with human-inspired capabilities and traits. In the last few decades, this has become a reality with enormous advances in hardware performance, computer graphics, robotics technology, and artificial intelligence. New interdisciplinary research fields have brought forth cognitive robotics aimed at building a new generation of control systems and providing robots with social, empathetic and affective capabilities. This paper presents the design, implementation, and test of a human-inspired cognitive architecture for social robots. State-of-the-art design approaches and methods are thoroughly analyzed and discussed, cases where the developed system has been successfully used are reported. The tests demonstrated the system’s ability to endow a social humanoid robot with human social behaviors and with in-silico robotic emotions.
1 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY MULTINATIONALS : IDENTIFYING COMPANY AND COUNTRY-LEVEL INFLUENCES

The extant literature on cross-national differences in approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) has mostly focused on developed countries. Instead, we offer two interrelated studies into corporate codes of conduct issued by developing country multinational enterprises (DMNEs). First, we analyse code adoption rates and code content through a mixed methods design. Second, we use multilevel analyses to examine country-level drivers of