nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
VHDL Design of OFDM Transreceiver Chip using Variable FFT

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier transmission technique that divides the available spectrum into multiple carriers in which each one is being modulated by a low rate data stream. OFDM is similar to FDMA in that the multiple user access is achieved by subdividing the available bandwidth into multiple channels band, which is then allocated to users. So, OFDM uses the spectrum much more efficiently by spacing the channels much closer together. It is possible by making all the carriers orthogonal to each another, preventing interference between the closely spaced carriers. The research is relating to the design and synthesis of variable input FFT processor which is designed to meet the requirements of OFDM & OFDMA system. The FFT and IFFT pairs are used to modulate and demodulate the data constellation on the subcarriers in OFDM and OFDMA. The research presents a high level implementation of a high performance FFT for OFDM Demodulator. The work is carried out on Xilinx 14.2 software and functional checked in Modelsim 10.1b software. The language used for the design in VHDL.  Multiplexing (OFDM), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), Very Large Scale of Integration (VLSI), Hardware Description language (HDL)
Motion Tracking with an Active Camera

This work describes a method for real-time motion detection using an active camera mounted on a padtilt platform. Image mapping is used to align images of different viewpoints so that static camera motion detection can be applied. In the presence of camera position noise, the image mapping is inexact and compensation techniques fail. The use of morphological filtering of motion images is explored to desensitize the detection algorithm to inaccuracies in background compensation. Two motion detection techniques are examined, and experiments to verify the methods are presented. The system successfully extracts moving edges from dynamic images even when the pankilt angles between successive frames are as large as 3".
Could Secondary DNA Transfer Falsely Place Someone at the Scene of a Crime?

The occurrence of secondary DNA transfer has been previously established. However, the transfer of DNA through an intermediary has not been revisited with more sensitive current technologies implemented to increase the likelihood of obtaining results from low-template/low-quality samples. This study evaluated whether this increased sensitivity could lead to the detection of interpretable secondary DNA transfer profiles. After two minutes of hand to hand contact, participants immediately handled assigned knives. Swabbings of the knives with detectable amounts of DNA were amplified with the Identifiler(®) Plus Amplification Kit and injected on a 3130xl. DNA typing results indicated that secondary DNA transfer was detected in 85% of the samples. In five samples, the secondary contributor was either the only contributor or the major contributor identified despite never coming into direct contact with the knife. This study demonstrates the risk of assuming that DNA recovered from an object resulted from direct contact.
Fatigue, stress and coping in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder.

Raising a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be exhausting, which has the potential to impact on parental health and wellbeing. The current study investigated the influence of maternal fatigue and coping on the relationship between children's problematic behaviours and maternal stress for 65 mothers of young children (aged 2-5 years) with ASDs. Results showed that maternal fatigue but not maladaptive coping mediated the relationship between problematic child behaviours and maternal stress. These findings suggest child behaviour difficulties may contribute to parental fatigue, which in turn may influence use of ineffective coping strategies and increased stress. The significance of fatigue on maternal wellbeing was highlighted as an important area for consideration in families of children with an ASD.
Double-opposing rotation-advancement flaps for closure of forehead defects.

To describe a local flap for closure of forehead defects of all sizes that does not alter the brow position or hairline.



Retrospective review of 16 cases in which the double-opposing rotation-advancement flaps were used for closure of small (<10 cm2), medium (10-20 cm2), and large (>20 cm2) forehead defects. This technique was developed from Orticochea's method for closure of large scalp wounds.



All 16 patients underwent single-stage closure of forehead defects using our design. Six patients were men, 8 were women (mean age, 71 years). Preoperative defect sizes ranged from 3 to 30 cm2 (mean, 18 cm2). All wounds resulted from Mohs surgery for cutaneous malignant neoplasms; 2 were adjacent to previous reconstructions. No recurrence of tumor was seen during the study period. No permanent frontal branch injuries occurred. One patient developed a moderate cellulitis. Photographic analysis showed that brow position and hairline contour were maintained in all cases.



The double-opposing rotation-advancement flap closure is a versatile reconstructive option for small, medium, and large forehead defects. The technique involves elevation of opposing, asymmetric flaps, with subsequent rotation of one side and advancement of the contralateral side. Single-stage closure may be accomplished without unappealing changes to the brow position or hairline.
Videogames: Dispelling myths and tabloid headlines that videogames are bad

Christian M Jones Laura Scholes Daniel Johnson Mary Katsikitis Michelle C. Carras University of the Sunshine Coast University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland University of Technology University of the Sunshine Coast Johns Hopkins University Queensland, Australia Queensland, Australia Queensland, Australia Queensland, Australia Baltimore, MD, USA cmjones@usc.edu.au l.scholes@usc.edu.au dm.johnson@qut.edu.au mkatsiki@usc.edu.au mcarras@jhsph.edu
Hermite interpolation: The barycentric approach

The barycentric formulas for polynomial and rational Hermite interpolation are derived; an efficient algorithm for the computation of these interpolants is developed. Some new interpolation principles based on rational interpolation are discussed. Es werden baryzentrische Formeln für die Hermitesche polynomiale und rationale Interpolationsaufgabe hergeleitet; darüberhinaus wird ein effizienter Algorithmus zur Berechnung dieser Interpolierenden hergeleitet. Einige neue Interpolationsprinzipien, die auf rationaler Interpolation beruhen, werden diskutiert.
Object-Oriented Design Quality Metrics

The purpose of this report is to evaluate if software metrics can be used to determine the objectoriented design quality of a software system. Several metrics and metric-tools are presented and evaluated. An experimental study was conducted as an attempt to further validate each metric and increase knowledge about them. We present strategies on how analysis of source code with metrics can be integrated in an ongoing software development project and how metrics can be used as a practical aid in codeand architecture investigations on already developed systems. The conclusion is that metrics do have a practical use and that they to some extent can reflect software systems design quality, such as: complexity of methods/classes, package structure design and the level of abstraction in a system. But object-oriented design is much more than that and the metrics covered by this report do not measure vital design issues such as the use of polymorphism or encapsulation, which are two vital parts of the object-oriented paradigm. As long as no general design standard exists, general metric threshold values will be difficult to determine. Locally however, rules for writing code can be constructed and metrics can be used to assure that the rules are followed. So metrics do have a future but they will always be limited by the subjectivity of software design.
Threats, Countermeasures and Attribution of Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructures

As Critical National Infrastructures are becoming more vulnerable to cyber attacks, their protection becomes a significant issue for any organization as well as a nation. Moreover, the ability to attribute is a vital element of avoiding impunity in cyberspace. In this article, we present main threats to critical infrastructures along with protective measures that one nation can take, and which are classified according to legal, technical, organizational, capacity building, and cooperation aspects. Finally we provide an overview of current methods and practices regarding cyber attribution and cyber peace keeping.
The FinTech phenomenon : antecedents of financial innovation perceived by the popular press

The financial industry has been strongly influenced by digitalization in the past few years reflected by the emergence of “FinTech,” which represents the marriage of “finance” and “information technology.” FinTech provides opportunities for the creation of new services and business models and poses challenges to traditional financial service providers. Therefore, FinTech has become a subject of debate among practitioners, investors, and researchers and is highly visible in the popular media. In this study, we unveil the drivers motivating the FinTech phenomenon perceived by the English and German popular press including the subjects discussed in the context of FinTech. This study is the first one to reflect the media perspective on the FinTech phenomenon in the research. In doing so, we extend the growing knowledge on FinTech and contribute to a common understanding in the financial and digital innovation literature. These study contributes to research in the areas of information systems, finance and interdisciplinary social sciences. Moreover, it brings value to practitioners (entrepreneurs, investors, regulators, etc.), who explore the field of FinTech.
Performance analysis of network intrusion detection schemes using Apache Spark

Fast and efficient network intrusion detection is a very challenging issue as the size of network traffic has become increasingly big and complex. A real time intrusion detection system should be able to process large size of network traffic data as quickly as possible in order to prevent intrusion in the communication system as early as possible. In this paper, we have employed five machine learning algorithms such as Logistic regression, Support vector machines, Random forest, Gradient Boosted Decision trees & Naive Bayes for detecting the attack traffic. For processing and detecting the attack traffic as fast as possible, we have used Apache Spark, a big data processing tool for detecting and analysis of intrusion in the communication network traffic. Performance comparison of intrusion detection schemes are evaluated in terms of training time, prediction time, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity on a real time KDD'99 data set.
Machine Learning Methods for Spamdexing Detection

In this paper, we present recent contributions for the battle against one of the main problems faced by search engines: the spamdexing or web spamming. They are malicious techniques used in web pages with the purpose of circumvent the search engines in order to achieve good visibility in search results. To better understand the problem and finding the best setup and methods to avoid such virtual plague, in this paper we present a comprehensive performance evaluation of several established machine learning techniques. In our experiments, we employed two real, public and large datasets: the WEBSPAM-UK2006 and the WEBSPAM-UK2007 collections. The samples are represented by content-based, link-based, transformed link-based features and their combinations. The found results indicate that bagging of decision trees, multilayer perceptron neural networks, random forest and adaptive boosting of decision trees are promising in the task of web spam classification. Spamdexing; web spam; spam host; classification, WEBSPAM-UK2006, WEBSPAM-UK2007.
Integrating Deep Linguistic Features in Factuality Prediction over Unified Datasets

Previous models for the assessment of commitment towards a predicate in a sentence (also known as factuality prediction) were trained and tested against a specific annotated dataset, subsequently limiting the generality of their results. In this work we propose an intuitive method for mapping three previously annotated corpora onto a single factuality scale, thereby enabling models to be tested across these corpora. In addition, we design a novel model for factuality prediction by first extending a previous rule-based factuality prediction system and applying it over an abstraction of dependency trees, and then using the output of this system in a supervised classifier. We show that this model outperforms previous methods on all three datasets. We make both the unified factuality corpus and our new model publicly available.
Non-Line-of-Sight Identification and Mitigation Using Received Signal Strength

Indoor wireless systems often operate under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions that can cause ranging errors for location-based applications. As such, these applications could benefit greatly from NLOS identification and mitigation techniques. These techniques have been primarily investigated for ultra-wide band (UWB) systems, but little attention has been paid to WiFi systems, which are far more prevalent in practice. In this study, we address the NLOS identification and mitigation problems using multiple received signal strength (RSS) measurements from WiFi signals. Key to our approach is exploiting several statistical features of the RSS time series, which are shown to be particularly effective. We develop and compare two algorithms based on machine learning and a third based on hypothesis testing to separate LOS/NLOS measurements. Extensive experiments in various indoor environments show that our techniques can distinguish between LOS/NLOS conditions with an accuracy of around 95%. Furthermore, the presented techniques improve distance estimation accuracy by 60% as compared to state-of-the-art NLOS mitigation techniques. Finally, improvements in distance estimation accuracy of 50% are achieved even without environment-specific training data, demonstrating the practicality of our approach to real world implementations.
Motion Graph for Character Animation: Design Considerations

Animating human character has become an active research area in computer graphics. It is really important for development of virtual environment applications such as computer games and virtual reality. One of the popular methods to animate the character is by using motion graph. Since motion graph is the main focus of this research, we investigate the preliminary work of motion graph and discuss about the main components of motion graph like distance metrics and motion transition. These two components will be taken into consideration during the process of development of motion graph. In this paper, we will also present a general framework and future plan of this study.
Scientific literature analysis on big data and internet of things applications on circular economy: a bibliometric study

Circular economy (CE) is a term that exists since the 1970s and has acquired greater importance in the past few years, partly due to the scarcity of natural resources available in the environment and changes in consumer behavior. Cutting-edge technologies such as big data and internet of things (IoT) have the potential to leverage the adoption of CE concepts by organizations and society, becoming more present in our daily lives. Therefore, it is fundamentally important for researchers interested in this subject to understand the status quo of studies being undertaken worldwide and to have the overall picture of it. We conducted a bibliometric literature review from the Scopus Database over the period of 2006–2015 focusing on the application of big data/IoT on the context of CE. This produced the combination of 30,557 CE documents with 32,550 unique big data/IoT studies resulting in 70 matching publications that went through content and social network analysis with the use of ‘R’ statistical tool. We then compared it to some current industry initiatives. Bibliometrics findings indicate China and USA are the most interested countries in the area and reveal a context with significant opportunities for research. In addition, large producers of greenhouse gas emissions, such as Brazil and Russia, still lack studies in the area. Also, a disconnection between important industry initiatives and scientific research seems to exist. The results can be useful for institutions and researchers worldwide to understand potential research gaps and to focus future investments/studies in the field.
Single-cell RNA-seq: advances and future challenges

Phenotypically identical cells can dramatically vary with respect to behavior during their lifespan and this variation is reflected in their molecular composition such as the transcriptomic landscape. Single-cell transcriptomics using next-generation transcript sequencing (RNA-seq) is now emerging as a powerful tool to profile cell-to-cell variability on a genomic scale. Its application has already greatly impacted our conceptual understanding of diverse biological processes with broad implications for both basic and clinical research. Different single-cell RNA-seq protocols have been introduced and are reviewed here-each one with its own strengths and current limitations. We further provide an overview of the biological questions single-cell RNA-seq has been used to address, the major findings obtained from such studies, and current challenges and expected future developments in this booming field.
Parents who refuse or delay HPV vaccine: Differences in vaccination behavior, beliefs, and clinical communication preferences.

We sought to estimate the national prevalence of HPV vaccine refusal and delay in a nationally-representative sample of parents of adolescents. We also compared parents who refused versus delayed HPV vaccine in terms of their vaccination beliefs and clinical communication preferences.



In 2014 to 2015, we conducted an online survey of 1,484 US parents who reported on an 11- to 17-year-old child in their household. We used weighted multinomial logistic regression to assess correlates of HPV vaccine refusal and delay.



Overall, 28% of parents reported that they had ever "refused or decided not to get" HPV vaccine for their child, and an additional 8% of parents reported that they had "delayed or put off getting" HPV vaccine. Compared to no refusal/delay, refusal was associated with lower confidence in adolescent vaccination (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.91), lower perceived HPV vaccine effectiveness (RRR = 0.68, 95% CI, 0.50-0.91), and higher perceived harms (RRR = 3.49, 95% CI, 2.65-4.60). In contrast, delay was associated with needing more information (RRR = 1.76, 95% CI, 1.08-2.85). Most parents rated physicians and information sheets as helpful for making decisions about HPV vaccination, although parents who reported refusal endorsed these resources less often.



Our findings suggest that HPV vaccine refusal is common among parents of adolescents and may have increased relative to previous estimates. Because the vaccination beliefs and communication preferences of parents who refuse appear to differ from those who delay, targeted communication strategies may be needed to effectively address HPV vaccine hesitancy.
Bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defect enhanced by introducing osteoinductivity to biphasic calcium phosphate granules.

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is frequently used as bone substitute and often needs to be combined with autologous bone to gain an osteoinductive property for guided bone regeneration in implant dentistry. Given the limitations of using autologous bone, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2)-coprecipitated, layer-by-layer assembled biomimetic calcium phosphate particles (BMP2-cop.BioCaP) have been developed as a potential osteoinducer. In this study, we hypothesized that BMP2-cop.BioCaP could introduce osteoinductivity to BCP and so could function as effectively as autologous bone for the repair of a critical-sized bone defect.



We prepared BMP2-cop.BioCaP and monitored the loading and release kinetics of BMP2 from it in vitro. Seven groups (n = 6 animals/group) were established: (i) Empty defect; (ii) BCP; (iii) BCP mixed with biomimetic calcium phosphate particles (BioCaP); (iv) BCP mixed with BMP2-cop.BioCaP; (v) BioCaP; (vi) BMP2-cop.BioCaP; (vii) BCP mixed with autologous bone. They were implanted into 8-mm-diameter rat cranial critical-sized bone defects for an in vivo evaluation. Autologous bone served as a positive control. The osteoinductive efficacy and degradability of materials were evaluated using micro-CT, histology and histomorphometry.



The combined application of BCP and BMP2-cop.BioCaP resulted in significantly more new bone formation than BCP alone. The osteoinductive efficacy of BMP2-cop.BioCaP was comparable to the golden standard use of autologous bone. Compared with BCP alone, significantly more BCP degradation was found when mixed with BMP2-cop.BioCaP.



The combination of BCP and BMP2-cop.BioCaP showed a promising potential for guided bone regeneration clinically in the future.
Technological Application of Maltodextrins According to the Degree of Polymerization

Maltodextrin (MX) is an ingredient in high demand in the food industry, mainly for its useful physical properties which depend on the dextrose equivalent (DE). The DE has however been shown to be an inaccurate parameter for predicting the performance of the MXs in technological applications, hence commercial MXs were characterized by mass spectrometry (MS) to determine their molecular weight distribution (MWD) and degree of polymerization (DP). Samples were subjected to different water activities (aw). Water adsorption was similar at low aw, but radically increased with the DP at higher aw. The decomposition temperature (Td) showed some variations attributed to the thermal hydrolysis induced by the large amount of adsorbed water and the supplied heat. The glass transition temperature (Tg) linearly decreased with both, aw and DP. The microstructural analysis by X-ray diffraction showed that MXs did not crystallize with the adsorption of water, preserving their amorphous structure. The optical micrographs showed radical changes in the overall appearance of the MXs, indicating a transition from a glassy to a rubbery state. Based on these characterizations, different technological applications for the MXs were suggested.