nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognition and Technology

As the previous chapters emphasized, the human cognition—and the technology necessary to support it—are central to Cyber Situational Awareness. Therefore, this chapter focuses on challenges and approaches to integration of information technology and computational representations of human situation awareness. To illustrate these aspects of CSA, the chapter uses the process of intrusion detection as a key example. We argue that effective development of technologies and processes that produce CAS in a way properly aligned with human cognition calls for cognitive models—dynamic and adaptable computational representations of the cognitive structures and mechanisms involved in developing SA and processing information for decision making. While visualization and machine learning are often seen among the key approaches to enhancing CSA, we point out a number of limitations in their current state of development and applications to CSA. The current knowledge gaps in our understanding of cognitive demands in CSA include the lack of a theoretical model of cyber SA within a cognitive architecture; the decision gap, representing learning, experience and dynamic decision making in the cyberspace; and the
The Impact of Modulated Color Light on the Autonomic Nervous System

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of modulated light projections perceived through the eyes on the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Three types of light projections, each containing both specific colors and specific modulations in the brainwaves frequency range, were tested, in addition to a placebo projection consisting of non-modulated white light. Evaluation was done using a combination of physiological measures (HR, HRV, SC) and psychological tests (Amen, POMS). Significant differences were found in the ANS effects of each of the colored light projections, and also between the colored and white projections.
Recognizing textual entailment : Rational , evaluation and approaches

The goal of identifying textual entailment – whether one piece of text can be plausibly inferred from another – has emerged in recent years as a generic core problem in natural language understanding. Work in this area has been largely driven by the PASCAL Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) challenges, which are a series of annual competitive meetings. The current work exhibits strong ties to some earlier lines of research, particularly automatic acquisition of paraphrases and lexical semantic relationships and unsupervised inference in applications such as question answering, information extraction and summarization. It has also opened the way to newer lines of research on more involved inference methods, on knowledge representations needed to support this natural language understanding challenge and on the use of learning methods in this context. RTE has fostered an active and growing community of researchers focused on the problem of applied entailment. This special issue of the JNLE provides an opportunity to showcase some of the most important work in this emerging area.
Astronomical image reconstruction with convolutional neural networks

State of the art methods in astronomical image reconstruction rely on the resolution of a regularized or constrained optimization problem. Solving this problem can be computationally intensive and usually leads to a quadratic or at least superlinear complexity w.r.t. the number of pixels in the image. We investigate in this work the use of convolutional neural networks for image reconstruction in astronomy. With neural networks, the computationally intensive tasks is the training step, but the prediction step has a fixed complexity per pixel, i.e. a linear complexity. Numerical experiments show that our approach is both computationally efficient and competitive with other state of the art methods in addition to being interpretable.
The Effect of Epoxy Molding Compound on Thermal/Residual Deformations and Stresses in IC Packages During Manufacturing Process

Thermal/residual deformations and stresses in plastic integrated circuit (IC) packages caused by epoxy molding compound (EMC) during the manufacturing process are investigated experimentally (only for deformations), theoretically, and numerically. A real-time Twyman-Green interferometry is used for measuring the out-of-plane thermal and residual deformations of die/EMC bi-material specimens. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) are for characterizing thermomechanical properties of the EMC materials. A finite element model (FEM) and theory associated with experimental observations are employed for understanding the thermal/residual deformations and stresses of IC packages due to EMC encapsulation. It is shown that EMC materials must be fully cured so that the material properties are stable enough for applications. Experimental results show that the EMC material experiences stress relaxation due to its viscoelastic behavior during the post mold curing (PMC) process. As a result, the strains (stresses) resulted from the chemical shrinkage of the EMC curing could be relaxed during the PMC process, so that the chemical shrinkage has no effect on the residual strains (stresses) for the plastic packages being post cured. Compared with numerical and theoretical analyses, the experimental results have demonstrated that die/EMC bi-material structure at high temperature (above Tg) warps less than expected, as a result of viscoelastic stress relaxation of EMC at high temperature (during solder reflow process). Meanwhile, this stress relaxation can also cause shifting this zero-stress temperature to the higher one, so that the residual deformations (stresses) of die/EMC bi-material specimens were found to increase by about 40% after the solder reflow process. The residual and thermal stresses have been resolved by FEM and theoretical analyses. The results suggest that the pure bending stresses (without shear and peel stresses) of the bi-material specimens are only limited in the region from x= 0 (the center) to x= 0.75 L due to the free edge effects, but this region is shrunk down to x= 0.4L at 200degC. And the maximum warpage and bending stress per unit temperature change is occurred around 165degC (Tg of the EMC). This study has demonstrated that the Twyman-Green experiment with associated bi-material plate theory and FEM can provide a useful tool for studying the EMC-induce residual/thermal deformations and stresses during the IC packaging fabrication
Combined immunotherapy with Listeria monocytogenes-based PSA vaccine and radiation therapy leads to a therapeutic response in a murine model of prostate cancer

Radiation therapy (RT) is an integral part of prostate cancer treatment across all stages and risk groups. Immunotherapy using a live, attenuated, Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccines have been shown previously to be highly efficient in stimulating anti-tumor responses to impact on the growth of established tumors in different tumor models. Here, we evaluated the combination of RT and immunotherapy using Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccine (ADXS31-142) in a mouse model of prostate cancer. Mice bearing PSA-expressing TPSA23 tumor were divided to 5 groups receiving no treatment, ADXS31-142, RT (10 Gy), control Listeria vector and combination of ADXS31-142 and RT. Tumor growth curve was generated by measuring the tumor volume biweekly. Tumor tissue, spleen, and sera were harvested from each group for IFN-γ ELISpot, intracellular cytokine assay, tetramer analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. There was a significant tumor growth delay in mice that received combined ADXS31-142 and RT treatment as compared with mice of other cohorts and this combined treatment causes complete regression of their established tumors in 60 % of the mice. ELISpot and immunohistochemistry of CD8+ cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) showed a significant increase in IFN-γ production in mice with combined treatment. Tetramer analysis showed a fourfold and a greater than 16-fold increase in PSA-specific CTLs in animals receiving ADXS31-142 alone and combination treatment, respectively. A similar increase in infiltration of CTLs was observed in the tumor tissues. Combination therapy with RT and Listeria PSA vaccine causes significant tumor regression by augmenting PSA-specific immune response and it could serve as a potential treatment regimen for prostate cancer.
Construction of partial discharge measurement system under influence of cylindrical metal particle in transformer oil

This paper reported the construction of partial discharge measurement system under influence of cylindrical metal particle in transformer oil. The partial discharge of free cylindrical metal particle in the uniform electric field under AC applied voltage was studied in this paper. The partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) for the single particle was measure to be 11kV. The typical waveform of positive PD and negative PD was also obtained. The result shows that the magnitude of negative PD is higher compared to positive PD. The observation on cylindrical metal particle movement revealed that there were a few stages of motion process involved.
Silicone oil emulsions: strategies to improve their stability and applications in hair care products.

Silicone oils have wide range of applications in personal care products due to their unique properties of high lubricity, non-toxicity, excessive spreading and film formation. They are usually employed in the form of emulsions due to their inert nature. Until now, different conventional emulsification techniques have been developed and applied to prepare silicone oil emulsions. The size and uniformity of emulsions showed important influence on stability of droplets, which further affect the application performance. Therefore, various strategies were developed to improve the stability as well as application performance of silicone oil emulsions. In this review, we highlight different factors influencing the stability of silicone oil emulsions and explain various strategies to overcome the stability problems. In addition, the silicone deposition on the surface of hair substrates and different approaches to increase their deposition are also discussed in detail.
Automated Extraction of GUI Models for Testing

A significant challenge in applying model-based testing on software systems is that manually designing the test models requires considerable amount of effort and deep expertise in formal modeling. When an existing system is being modeled and tested, there are various techniques to automate the process of producing the models based on the implementation. Some approaches aim to fully automated creation of the models, while others aim to automate the first steps to create an initial model to serve as a basis to start the manual modeling process. Especially graphical user interface (GUI) applications, including mobile and Web applications, have been a good domain for model extraction, reverse engineering, and specification mining approaches. In this chapter, we survey various automated modeling techniques, with a special focus on GUI models and their usefulness in analyzing and testing of the modeled GUI applications.
A General Sequential Time-Space Tradeoff for Finding Unique Elements

An optimal &OHgr;(<italic>n</italic><supscrpt>2</supscrpt>) lower bound is shown for the time-space product of any <italic>R</italic>-way branching program that determines those values which occur exactly once in a list of <italic>n</italic> integers in the range [1, <italic>R</italic>] where <italic>R</italic> ≥ <italic>n</italic>. This &OHgr;(<italic>n</italic><supscrpt>2</supscrpt>) tradeoff also applies to the sorting problem and thus improves the previous time-space tradeoffs for sorting. Because the <italic>R</italic>-way branching program is a such a powerful model these time-space product tradeoffs also apply to all models of sequential computation that have a fair measure of space such as off-line multi-tape Turing machines and off-line log-cost RAMs.
Progressing the definition of "e-book"

This paper aims to propose a definition for the concept “e-book” on the basis of an analysis of existing definitions. The e-book marketplace is growing rapidly and the potential impact of e-books on publishers, librarian and users is increasing in significance. Yet, there is agreement that despite a few widely accepted definitions there is no consensus on the definition of the term e-book, and, further that consensus on the definition would be beneficial for both researchers and practitioners.  This paper starts with a brief overview of the developments in e-books, covering technologies, marketplaces, and the attractions and challenges associated with e-books for users and libraries. It then reports on a content analysis of existing definitions of e-book. A collection of definitions was compiled through an exhaustive literature review. Content analysis was performed to identify the frequency of occurrence of key words and phrases across these definitions.  There is a consensus that definitions of e-book should include reference to: the digital or electronic nature of e-books, analogy to printed book, some indication of the content of e-books, and some allusion to e-book technologies. We propose a two-part definition that embraces these themes, but also reflects the in-use features of the e-book. Conclusions and recommendations make proposals for further discussion on the concept of e-book and, more widely, into the publication, acquisition and use of e-books.  In the rapidly developing e-book marketplace it is essential to have agreement on the definition of e-book, and furthermore, such a definition needs to reflect both the persistent characteristics of e-books, and their dynamic and developing nature.
Bifurcation analysis of a Morris–Lecar neuron model

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behaviors of a Morris–Lecar neuron model. By using bifurcation methods and numerical simulations, we examine the global structure of bifurcations of the model. Results are summarized in various two-parameter bifurcation diagrams with the stimulating current as the abscissa and the other parameter as the ordinate. We also give the one-parameter bifurcation diagrams and pay much attention to the emergence of periodic solutions and bistability. Different membrane excitability is obtained by bifurcation analysis and frequency-current curves. The alteration of the membrane properties of the Morris–Lecar neurons is discussed.
Estimation of quality for software components: an empirical approach

Component-Based Development (CBD) approach now is widely accepted in software industry. This approach enables efficient application development through the integration of already developed software components. The success of these applications heavily depends upon the selection of appropriate components to fit customer requirements. Therefore it is very necessary to evaluate the quality of components before using them in the final system. Quality models proposed so far can not be fully implemented as-it-is on components and component-based systems (CBS) due to architectural differences in the development approach. Present paper surveys a number of quality models for traditional and component-based systems and proposes a new model for CBS by proposing some new characteristics, which may be very relevant in the context of components. All the quality characteristics may not be of prime importance for an application to be developed for a specific domain. Therefore, it is necessary to identify only those characteristics/sub-characteristics, which may have higher priorities over the others. The present work uses Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assign the weight values to the characteristics for the proposed model. These weight values are then used to evaluate the quality contribution of sub-characteristics, characteristics and then finally the overall quality of the component by using the appropriate metrics. This approach can be used to identify and select better quality component among several others which can be used in the final system.
Exploiting the Capture Effect on DSC and BSS Color in Dense IEEE 802.11ax Deployments

Future wireless local area networks (WLANs) are expected to serve thousands of users in diverse environments. To address the new challenges that WLANs will face, and to overcome the limitations that previous IEEE standards introduced, a new IEEE 802.11 amendment is under development. IEEE 802.11ax aims to enhance spectrum efficiency in a dense deployment; hence system throughput improves. Dynamic Sensitivity Control (DSC) and BSS Color are the main schemes under consideration in IEEE 802.11ax for improving spectrum efficiency In this paper, we evaluate DSC and BSS Color schemes when physical layer capture (PLC) is modelled. PLC refers to the case that a receiver successfully decodes the stronger frame when collision occurs. It is shown, that PLC could potentially lead to fairness issues and higher throughput in specific cases. We study PLC in a small and large scale scenario, and show that PLC could also improve fairness in specific scenarios.
Modeling Power Transformers to Support the Interpretation of Frequency-Response Analysis

A power transformer will yield a frequency response which is unique to its mechanical geometry and electrical properties. Changes in the frequency response of a transformer can be potential indicators of winding deformation as well as other structural and electrical problems. A diagnostic tool which leverages this knowledge in order to detect such changes is frequency-response analysis (FRA). To date, FRA has been used to identify changes in a transformer's frequency response but with limited insight into the underlying cause of the change. However, there is now a growing research interest in specifically identifying the structural change in a transformer directly from its FRA signature. The aim of this paper is to support FRA interpretation through the development of wideband three-phase transformer models which are based on three types of FRA tests. The resulting models can be used as a flexible test bed for parameter sensitivity analysis, leading to greater insight into the effects that geometric change can have on transformer FRA. This paper will demonstrate the applicability of this modeling approach by simultaneously fitting each model to the corresponding FRA data sets without a priori knowledge of the transformer's internal dimensions, and then quantitatively assessing the accuracy of key model parameters.
A Wearable Sensing System for Tracking and Monitoring of Functional Arm Movement

This paper presents a new sensing system for home-based rehabilitation based on optical linear encoder (OLE), in which the motion of an optical encoder on a code strip is converted to the limb joints' goniometric data. A body sensing module was designed, integrating the OLE and an accelerometer. A sensor network of three sensing modules was established via controller area network bus to capture human arm motion. Experiments were carried out to compare the performance of the OLE module with that of commercial motion capture systems such as electrogoniometers and fiber-optic sensors. The results show that the inexpensive and simple-design OLE's performance is comparable to that of expensive systems. Moreover, a statistical study was conducted to confirm the repeatability and reliability of the sensing system. The OLE-based system has strong potential as an inexpensive tool for motion capture and arm-function evaluation for short-term as well as long-term home-based monitoring.
Performance analysis of space time block code in MIMO-OFDM systems

MIMO-OFDM system, which is the combination of MIMO and OFDM technology, can live up to a high data transmission rate with reliability through diversity. MIMO-OFDM with STBC has excellent performance against Multi-path effects and frequency selective fading, what's more, the BER and the coding complexity is low. In this paper, a simulation model of MIMO-OFDM system based on STBC is built and transmission performances under different channels are analyzed. The simulation results show that the MIMO-OFDM system based on STBC outperforms other MIMO-OFDM system without STBC in BER performance.
Coalitional Game Theory for Communication Networks: A Tutorial

Game theoretical techniques have recently become prevalen t in many engineering applications, notably in communications. With the emergence of cooperation as a new communicat ion paradigm, and the need for self-organizing, decentrali zed, and autonomic networks, it has become imperative to seek sui table game theoretical tools that allow to analyze and study the behavior and interactions of the nodes in future communi cation networks. In this context, this tutorial introduces the concepts of cooperative game theory, namely coalitiona l games, and their potential applications in communication and wireless networks. For this purpose, we classify coalit i nal games into three categories: Canonical coalitional g ames, coalition formation games, and coalitional graph games. Th is new classification represents an application-oriented a pproach for understanding and analyzing coalitional games. For eac h class of coalitional games, we present the fundamental components, introduce the key properties, mathematical te hniques, and solution concepts, and describe the methodol ogies for applying these games in several applications drawn from the state-of-the-art research in communications. In a nuts hell, this article constitutes a unified treatment of coalitional g me theory tailored to the demands of communications and
Graph grammars and constraint solving for software architecture styles

The description of a software architecture style must include the structural model of the components and their interactions, the laws governing the dynamic changes in the architecture, and the communication pattern. In our work we represent a system as a graph where hyperedges are components and nodes are ports of communication. The construction and dynamic evolut,ion of the style will be represented as context-free productions and graph rewriting. To model the evolution of the system we propose to use techniques of constraint solving. From this approach we obtain an intuitive way to model systems with nice characteristics for the description of dynamic architectures and reconfiguration and, a unique language to describe the style, model the evolution of the system and prove properties.