nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
What's Wrong with my Solar Panels: a Data-Driven Approach

Solar panels have been improving in efficiency and dropping in price, and are therefore becoming more common and economically viable. However, the performance of solar panels depends not only on the weather, but also on other external factors such as shadow, dirt, dust, etc. In this paper, we describe a simple and practical data-driven method for classifying anomalies in the power output of solar panels. In particular, we propose and experimentally verify (using two solar panel arrays in Ontario, Canada) a simple classification rule based on physical properties of solar radiation that can distinguish between shadows and direct covering of the panel, e.g,. by dirt or snow.
The (fixed) urinary sediment, a simple and useful diagnostic tool in patients with haematuria.

Examination of the urinary sediment is a simple and indispensable tool in the diagnostic approach to patients with asymptomatic haematuria. Various glomerular and nonglomerular diseases can cause haematuria. A well-trained expert can distinguish between these two forms of haematuria by examining the urinary sediment under a simple light microscope. In glomerular haematuria, dysmorphic erythrocytes and erythrocyte casts are found, whereas in nonglomerular haematuria the erythrocytes are monomorphic and erythrocyte casts are absent. However, few people have sufficient expertise in the examination of the urinary sediment, and consequently this investigation is performed far too seldom. A few years ago, a simple method of fixation of the urinary sediment became available. Fixed specimens can be stored at room temperature for at least two weeks, which enables the sending of a fixed specimen to an expert examiner by regular mail. In this way, the urinary sediment can more frequently be used as the initial investigation in the diagnostic route of patients with asymptomatic haematuria.
A Bayesian Approach to Passive Sonar Detection and Tracking in the Presence of Interferers

In this paper, a Bayesian approach to tracking a single target of interest (TOI) using passive sonar is presented. The TOI is assumed to be in the presence of other loud interfering targets, or interferers. To account for the interferers, a single-signal likelihood function (SSLF) is proposed which uses maximum-likelihood estimates (MLEs) in place of nuisance parameters. Since there is uncertainty in signal origin, we propose a computationally efficient method for computing association probabilities. The final proposed SSLF accounts for sidelobe interference from other signals, reflects the uncertainty caused by the array beampattern, is signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) dependent, and reflects uncertainty caused by unknown signal origin. Various examples are considered, which include moving and stationary targets. For the examples, the sensors are assumed to be uniformly spaced linear arrays. The arrays may be stationary or moving and there may be one or more present.
A system for traffic sign detection, tracking, and recognition using color, shape, and motion information

This paper describes a computer vision based system for real-time robust traffic sign detection, tracking, and recognition. Such a framework is of major interest for driver assistance in an intelligent automotive cockpit environment. The proposed approach consists of two components. First, signs are detected using a set of Haar wavelet features obtained from AdaBoost training. Compared to previously published approaches, our solution offers a generic, joint modeling of color and shape information without the need of tuning free parameters. Once detected, objects are efficiently tracked within a temporal information propagation framework. Second, classification is performed using Bayesian generative modeling. Making use of the tracking information, hypotheses are fused over multiple frames. Experiments show high detection and recognition accuracy and a frame rate of approximately 10 frames per second on a standard PC.
Outbreak of tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) dermatitis in a home for disabled persons.

Five mentally handicapped individuals living in a home for disabled persons in Southern Germany were seen in our outpatient department with pruritic, red papules predominantly located in groups on the upper extremities, neck, upper trunk and face. Over several weeks 40 inhabitants and 5 caretakers were affected by the same rash. Inspection of their home and the sheds nearby disclosed infestation with rat populations and mites. Finally the diagnosis of tropical rat mite dermatitis was made by the identification of the arthropod Ornithonyssus bacoti or so-called tropical rat mite. The patients were treated with topical corticosteroids and antihistamines. After elimination of the rats and disinfection of the rooms by a professional exterminator no new cases of rat mite dermatitis occurred. The tropical rat mite is an external parasite occurring on rats, mice, gerbils, hamsters and various other small mammals. When the principal animal host is not available, human beings can become the victim of mite infestation.
Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance in bipolar disorder.

Subjective reports of insomnia and hypersomnia are common in bipolar disorder (BD). It is unclear to what extent these relate to underlying circadian rhythm disturbance (CRD). In this study we aimed to objectively assess sleep and circadian rhythm in a cohort of patients with BD compared to matched controls.



Forty-six patients with BD and 42 controls had comprehensive sleep/circadian rhythm assessment with respiratory sleep studies, prolonged accelerometry over 3 weeks, sleep questionnaires and diaries, melatonin levels, alongside mood, psychosocial functioning and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires.



Twenty-three (50%) patients with BD had abnormal sleep, of whom 12 (52%) had CRD and 29% had obstructive sleep apnoea. Patients with abnormal sleep had lower 24-h melatonin secretion compared to controls and patients with normal sleep. Abnormal sleep/CRD in BD was associated with impaired functioning and worse QoL.



BD is associated with high rates of abnormal sleep and CRD. The association between these disorders, mood and functioning, and the direction of causality, warrants further investigation.
PTEN mosaicism with features of Cowden syndrome

We present the first known case of somatic PTEN mosaicism causing features of Cowden syndrome (CS) and inheritance in the subsequent generation. A 20-year-old woman presented for genetics evaluation with multiple ganglioneuromas of the colon. On examination, she was found to have a thyroid goiter, macrocephaly, and tongue papules, all suggestive of CS. However, her reported family history was not suspicious for CS. A deleterious PTEN mutation was identified in blood lymphocytes, 966A>G, 967delA. Genetic testing was recommended for her parents. Her 48-year-old father was referred for evaluation and was found to have macrocephaly and a history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, but no other features of CS. Site-specific genetic testing carried out on blood lymphocytes showed mosaicism for the same PTEN mutation identified in his daughter. Identifying PTEN mosaicism in the proband’s father had significant implications for the risk assessment/genetic testing plan for the rest of his family. His result also provides impetus for somatic mosaicism in a parent to be considered when a de novo PTEN mutation is suspected.
Context matters: the impact of unit leadership and empowerment on nurses' organizational commitment.

The aim of this study was to test a multilevel model linking unit-level leader-member exchange quality and structural empowerment to nurses' psychological empowerment and organizational commitment at the individual level of analysis.



Few studies have examined the contextual effects of unit leadership on individual nurse outcomes. Workplace empowerment has been related to retention outcomes such as organizational commitment in several studies, but few have studied the impact of specific unit characteristics within which nurses work on these outcomes.



We surveyed 3,156 nurses in 217 hospital units to test the multilevel model.



A multilevel path analysis revealed significant individual and contextual effects on nurses' organizational commitment. Both unit-level leader-member exchange quality and structural empowerment had significant direct effects on individual-level psychological empowerment and organizational commitment. Psychological empowerment mediated the relationship between core self-evaluations and organizational commitment at the individual level of analysis.



The contextual effects of positive supervisor relationships and their influence on empowering working conditions at the unit level and, subsequently, nurses' organizational commitment highlight the importance of leadership for creating conditions that result in a committed nursing workforce.
Medium access control in VANET

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANETs) help improve efficiency of security applications and road safety. Using the information exchanged between vehicles, the latter can warn drivers about dangerous situations. Detection and warning about such situations require reliable communication between vehicles. In fact, the IEEE 802.11p (WAVE: Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment) was proposed to support the rapid exchange of data between the vehicles. Several Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols were also introduced for safety application VANET. In this paper, we present the different MAC basic protocols in VANET. We used simulation to compare and analyze their performances.
Big data anonymization with spark

Privacy is an important issue for big data including sensitive attributes. In the case of directly sharing or publishing these data, privacy breach occurs. In order to overcome this problem, previous studies were focused on developing big data anonymization techniques on Hadoop environment. When compared to Hadoop, Spark facilitates to develop faster applications with the help of keeping data in memory instead of hard disk. Despite a number of projects were developed on Hadoop, now this trend is shifting to Spark. In addition, the problem of anonymizing big data streams for real-time applications can be solved with Spark technology. Hence to sum up, Spark is the main technology facilitates developing both faster anonymization applications and big data stream anonymization solutions. In this study, anonymization techniques, big data technologies and privacy preserving big data publishing was reviewed and a big data anonymization model based on Spark was proposed for the first time. It is expected that the proposed model might help to researchers to solve big data privacy issues and also provide solutions for new generation privacy violations problems.
SCAN: Structure Correcting Adversarial Network for Chest X-rays Organ Segmentation

Chest X-ray (CXR) is one of the most commonly prescribed medical imaging procedures, often with over 2– 10x more scans than other imaging modalities such as MRI, CT scan, and PET scans. These voluminous CXR scans place significant workloads on radiologists and medical practitioners. Organ segmentation is a crucial step to obtain effective computer-aided detection on CXR. In this work, we propose Structure Correcting Adversarial Network (SCAN) to segment lung fields and the heart in CXR images. SCAN incorporates a critic network to impose on the convolutional segmentation network the structural regularities emerging from human physiology. During training, the critic network learns to discriminate between the ground truth organ annotations from the masks synthesized by the segmentation network. Through this adversarial process the critic network learns the higher order structures and guides the segmentation model to achieve realistic segmentation outcomes. Extensive experiments show that our method produces highly accurate and natural segmentation. Using only very limited training data available, our model reaches human-level performance without relying on any existing trained model or dataset. Our method also generalizes well to CXR images from a different patient population and disease profiles, surpassing the current state-of-the-art.
New Iterative Geometric Methods for Robust Perceptual Image Hashing

We propose a novel and robust hashing paradigm that uses iterative geometric techniques and relies on observations that main geometric features within an image would approximately stay invariant under small perturbations. A key goal of this algorithm is to produce sufficiently randomized outputs which are unpredictable, thereby yielding properties akin to cryptographic MACs. This is a key component for robust multimedia identification and watermarking (for synchronization as well as content dependent key generation). Our algorithm withstands standard benchmark (e.g Stirmark) attacks provided they do not cause severe perceptually significant distortions. As verified by our detailed experiments, the approach is relatively media independent and works for
Profile of Eugene V. Koonin.

For evolutionary molecular biologist Eugene V. Koonin, science is not just a job or even a career—it is intrinsic to how he experiences the world. “It’s a way of living and thinking,” he says. “It’s effectively a devotion or dedication to creative but rational thinking. These are things that can apply to everything and anything in the world.” Koonin, of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Institutes of Health, and a recently elected member of the National Academy of Sciences, pursues his devotion in the field of evolution, investigating what functions genes perform and how organisms gain and lose genes over time. Koonin hopes to weave together clues in genome sequences into a story on the origin and progression of life on Earth.
Medical tourism: assessing the evidence on treatment abroad.

The review focuses on one growing dimension of health care globalisation - medical tourism, whereby consumers elect to travel across borders or to overseas destinations to receive their treatment. Such treatments include cosmetic and dental surgery; cardio, orthopaedic and bariatric surgery; IVF treatment; and organ and tissue transplantation. The review sought to identify the medical tourist literature for out-of-pocket payments, focusing wherever possible on evidence and experience pertaining to patients in mid-life and beyond. Despite increasing media interest and coverage hard empirical findings pertaining to out-of-pocket medical tourism are rare. Despite a number of countries offering relatively low cost treatments we know very little about many of the numbers and key indicators on medical tourism. The narrative review traverses discussion on medical tourist markets, consumer choice, clinical outcomes, quality and safety, and ethical and legal dimensions. The narrative review draws attention to gaps in research evidence and strengthens the call for more empirical research on the role, process and outcomes of medical tourism. In concluding it makes suggestion for the content of such a strategy.
Fault Ride-Through of a DFIG Wind Turbine Using a Dynamic Voltage Restorer During Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Grid Faults

The application of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) connected to a wind-turbine-driven doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is investigated. The setup allows the wind turbine system an uninterruptible fault ride-through of voltage dips. The DVR can compensate the faulty line voltage, while the DFIG wind turbine can continue its nominal operation as demanded in actual grid codes. Simulation results for a 2 MW wind turbine and measurement results on a 22 kW laboratory setup are presented, especially for asymmetrical grid faults. They show the effectiveness of the DVR in comparison to the low-voltage ride-through of the DFIG using a crowbar that does not allow continuous reactive power production.
Compact Wideband Dual Circularly Polarized Substrate Integrated Waveguide Horn Antenna

In this communication, a compact circularly polarized (CP) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna is proposed and investigated. Through etching a sloping slot on the common broad wall of two SIWs, mode coupling is generated between the top and down SIWs, and thus, a new field component as TE01 mode is produced. During the coupling process along the sloping slot, the difference in guide wavelengths of the two orthogonal modes also brings a phase shift between the two modes, which provides a possibility for radiating the CP wave. Moreover, the two different ports will generate the electric field components of TE01 mode with the opposite direction, which indicates the compact SIW horn antenna with a dual CP property can be realized as well. Measured results indicate that the proposed antenna operates with a wide 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 11.8% ranging from 17.6 to 19.8 GHz. The measured results are in good accordance with the simulated ones.
Dynamic windowing mechanism to combine sentiment and N-gram analysis in detecting events from social media

Social sensing is a new paradigm that inherits the main ideas of sensor networks and considers the users as new sensor types. For instance, by the time the users find out that an event has happened, they start to share the related posts and express their feelings through the social networks. Consequently, these networks are becoming a powerful news media in a wide range of topics. Existing event detection methods mostly focus on either the keyword burst or sentiment of posts, and ignore some natural aspects of social networks such as the dynamic rate of arriving posts. In this paper, we devised Dynamic Social Event Detection approach that exploits a new dynamic windowing method. Besides, we add a mechanism to combine the sentiment of posts with the keywords burst in the dynamic windows. The combination of sentiment analysis and the frequently used keywords enhances our approach to detect events with a different level of user engagement. To analyze the behavior of the devised approach, we use a wide range of metrics including histogram of window sizes, sentiment oscillations of posts, topic recall, keyword precision, and keyword recall on two benchmarked datasets. One of the significant outcomes of the devised method is the topic recall of 100% for FA Cup dataset.
Ontology Engineering for Collaborative Embedded Systems - Requirements and Initial Approach

Collaborative embedded systems (CES) heavily rely on information models to understand the contextual situations they are exposed to. These information models serve different purposes. First, during development time it is necessary to model the context for eliciting and documenting the requirements that a CES is supposed to achieve. Second, information models provide information to simulate different contextual situations and CES ́s behavior in these situations. Finally, CESs need information models about their context during runtime in order to react to different contextual situations and exchange context information with other CESs. Heavyweight ontologies, based on Ontology Web Language (OWL), have already proven suitable for representing knowledge about contextual situations during runtime. Furthermore, lightweight ontologies (e.g. class diagrams) have proven their practicality for creating domain specific languages for requirements documentation. However, building an ontology (lightor heavyweight) is a non-trivial task that needs to be integrated into development methods for CESs such that it serves the above stated purposes in a seamless way. This paper introduces the requirements for the building of ontologies and proposes a method that is integrated into the engineering of CESs.
A 10.7-MHz sixth-order SC ladder filter in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology

A sixth-order 10.7-MHz bandpass switched-capacitor filter based on a double terminated ladder filter is presented. The filter uses a multipath operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) that presents both better accuracy and higher slew rate than previously reported Class-A OTA topologies. Design techniques based on charge cancellation and slower clocks are used to reduce the overall capacitance from 782 down to 219 unity capacitors. The filter's center frequency and bandwidth are 10.7 MHz and 400 kHz, respectively, and a passband ripple of 1 dB in the entire passband. The quality factor of the resonators used as filter terminations is around 32. The measured (filter + buffer) third-intermodulation (IM3) distortion is less than -40 dB for a two-tone input signal of +3-dBm power level each. The signal-to-noise ratio is roughly 58 dB while the IM3 is -45 dB; the power consumption for the standalone filter is 42 mW. The chip was fabricated in a 0.35-mum CMOS process; filter's area is 0.84 mm2
Density-based clustering and radial basis function modeling to generate credit card fraud scores

Historical information on credit card transactions can be used to generate a fraud score which can then be used to reduce credit card fraud. This report describes a fraud-nonfraud classification methodology using Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) with a density based clustering approach. The input data is transformed into the cardinal component space and clustering as well as RBFN modeling is done using a few cardinal components. The methodology has been tested on a fraud detection problem and the preliminary results obtained are satisfactory.
Current Established Risk Assessment Methodologies and Tools

The technology behind information systems evolves at an exponential rate, while at the same time becoming more and more ubiquitous. This brings with it an implicit rise in the average complexity of systems as well as the number of external interactions. In order to allow a proper assessment of the security of such (sub)systems, a whole arsenal of methodologies, methods and tools have been developed in recent years. However, most security auditors commonly use a very small subset of this collection, that best suits their needs. This thesis aims at uncovering the differences and limitations of the most common Risk Assessment frameworks, the conceptual models that support them, as well as the tools that implement them. This is done in order to gain a better understanding of the applicability of each method and/or tool and suggest guidelines to picking the most suitable one. 0000000 Current Established Risk Assessment Methodologies and Tools Page 3 0000000 Current Established Risk Assessment Methodologies and Tools Page 4
Bringing Portability to the Software Process

Portability is recognized as a desirable attribute for the vast majority of software products. Yet the literature on portability techniques is sparse and largely anecdotal, and portability is typically achieved by ad hoc methods. This paper proposes a framework for incorporating portability considerations into the software process. Unlike reuse, portability can be effectively attained for individual projects, both large and small. Maximizing portability, however, is more than an implementation detail; it requires reexamination of every phase of the software lifecycle. Here we identify issues and propose guidelines for increasing and exploiting portability during each of the key activities of software development and maintenance.