nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Modeling and Simulation of Tumor Growth

The effects of the interaction between cellularand tumor-scale processes on cancer progression and treatment response remain poorly understood (for instance, the crucial role of the microenvironment in cancer growth and invasion [95, 65, 184, 183, 160, 110, 66, 166]). Three-dimensional tissue morphology, cell phenotype, and molecular phenomena are intricately coupled; they influence cancer invasion potential by controlling tumor-cell proliferation and migration [78, . Hypoxia [88, 210, 186, 70, 91], acidosis [91, 199, 96], and associated diffusion gradients, caused by heterogeneous delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of metabolites [104, 103] due to highly disorganized microvasculature [92, 106] and often exacerbated by therapy (e.g., anti-angiogenic [160, 177]), can induce heterogeneous spatial distribution and invasiveness of tumor cells through a variety of molecular [175, 209, 208, 44, 165, 173, 145, 118, 28, 29, 190, 156, 185, 120, 122, 24, 160, 177, 174, 61] and tissue-scale [59, 127, 72] mechanisms corresponding to different tissue-scale invasive patterns [78, 164, 194, 167, 111, 187, 198, 204, 117, 206, 64, 179, 75, 77, 53, 172]. Such complex systems, dominated by large numbers of processes and highly nonlinear dynamics, are difficult to approach by experimental methods alone and can typically be better understood only by using appropriate mathematical models and sophisticated computer simulations, complementary to laboratory and clinical observations. Mathematical modeling has the potential
Spread of Chytridiomycosis Has Caused the Rapid Global Decline and Extinction of Frogs

The global emergence and spread of the pathogenic, virulent, and highly transmissible fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, resulting in the disease chytridiomycosis, has caused the decline or extinction of up to about 200 species of frogs. Key postulates for this theory have been completely or partially fulfilled. In the absence of supportive evidence for alternative theories despite decades of research, it is important for the scientific community and conservation agencies to recognize and manage the threat of chytridiomycosis to remaining species of frogs, especially those that are naive to the pathogen. The impact of chytridiomycosis on frogs is the most spectacular loss of vertebrate biodiversity due to disease in recorded history.
Benign and malignant breast tumors classification based on region growing and CNN segmentation

Breast cancer is regarded as one of the most frequent mortality causes among women. As early detection of breast cancer increases the survival chance, creation of a system to diagnose suspicious masses in mammograms is important. In this paper, two automated methods are presented to diagnose mass types of benign and malignant in mammograms. In the first proposed method, segmentation is done using an automated region growing whose threshold is obtained by a trained artificial neural network (ANN). In the second proposed method, segmentation is performed by a cellular neural network (CNN) whose parameters are determined by a genetic algorithm (GA). Intensity, textural, and shape features are extracted from segmented tumors. GA is used to select appropriate features from the set of extracted features. In the next stage, ANNs are used to classify the mammograms as benign or malignant. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methods different classifiers (such as random forest, naïve Bayes, SVM, and KNN) are used. Results of the proposed techniques performed on MIAS and DDSM databases are promising. The obtained sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates are 96.87%, 95.94%, and 96.47%, respectively. 2014
3DSRnet: Video Super-resolution using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

In video super-resolution, the spatio-temporal coherence between, and among the frames must be exploited appropriately for accurate prediction of the high resolution frames. Although 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are powerful in modelling images, 3D-CNNs are more suitable for spatio-temporal feature extraction as they can preserve temporal information. To this end, we propose an effective 3D-CNN for video super-resolution, called the 3DSRnet that does not require motion alignment as preprocessing. Our 3DSRnet maintains the temporal depth of spatiotemporal feature maps to maximally capture the temporally nonlinear characteristics between low and high resolution frames, and adopts residual learning in conjunction with the sub-pixel outputs. It outperforms the most state-of-theart method with average 0.45 and 0.36 dB higher in PSNR for scales 3 and 4, respectively, in the Vidset4 benchmark. Our 3DSRnet first deals with the performance drop due to scene change, which is important in practice but has not been previously considered.
Reconciling the different faces of hippocampal theta: The role of theta oscillations in cognitive, emotional and innate behaviors

The theta oscillation (5-10Hz) is a prominent behavior-specific brain rhythm. This review summarizes studies showing the multifaceted role of theta rhythm in cognitive functions, including spatial coding, time coding and memory, exploratory locomotion and anxiety-related behaviors. We describe how activity of hippocampal theta rhythm generators - medial septum, nucleus incertus and entorhinal cortex, links theta with specific behaviors. We review evidence for functions of the theta-rhythmic signaling to subcortical targets, including lateral septum. Further, we describe functional associations of theta oscillation properties - phase, frequency and amplitude - with memory, locomotion and anxiety, and outline how manipulations of these features, using optogenetics or pharmacology, affect associative and innate behaviors. We discuss work linking cognition to the slope of the theta frequency to running speed regression, and emotion-sensitivity (anxiolysis) to its y-intercept. Finally, we describe parallel emergence of theta oscillations, theta-mediated neuronal activity and behaviors during development. This review highlights a complex interplay of neuronal circuits and synchronization features, which enables an adaptive regulation of multiple behaviors by theta-rhythmic signaling.
Towards a Conceptual Framework for Big Data Adoption in Organizations

Big data potential value across business sectors has received tremendous attention from the practitioner and academia world. The huge amount of data collected in different forms in organizations promises to radically transform the business landscape globally. The impact of big data, which is spreading across all business sectors, has potential to create new opportunities for growth. With organizations now able to store huge diverse amounts of data from different sources and forms, big data is expected to deliver tremendous value across business sectors. This paper focuses on building a business case for big data adoption in organizations. This paper discusses some of the opportunities and potential benefits associated with big data adoption across various business sectors globally. The discussion is important for making a business case for big data investment in organizations, which is major challenge for its adoption globally. The paper uses the IT strategic grid to understand the current and future potential benefits of big data for different business sectors. The results of the study suggest that there is no one-size-fits-all to big data adoption potential benefits in organizations.
Deferred voxel shading for real-time global illumination

Computing indirect illumination is a challenging and complex problem for real-time rendering in 3D applications. We present a global illumination approach that computes indirect lighting in real time using a simplified version of the outgoing radiance and the scene stored in voxels. This approach comprehends two-bounce indirect lighting for diffuse, specular and emissive materials. Our voxel structure is based on a directional hierarchical structure stored in 3D textures with mipmapping, the structure is updated in real time utilizing the GPU which enables us to approximate indirect lighting for dynamic scenes. Our algorithm employs a voxel-light pass which calculates voxel direct and global illumination for the simplified outgoing radiance. We perform voxel cone tracing within this voxel structure to approximate different lighting phenomena such as ambient occlusion, soft shadows and indirect lighting. We demonstrate with different tests that our developed approach is capable to compute global illumination of complex scenes on interactive times.
rtificial insemination in dromedary camels

Artificial insemination (AI) is an important technique in all domestic species to ensure rapid genetic progress. The use of AI has been reported in camelids although insemination trials are rare. This could be because of the difficulties involved in collecting as well as handling the semen due to the gelatinous nature of the seminal plasma. In addition, as all camelids are induced ovulators, the females need to be induced to ovulate before being inseminated. This paper discusses the different methods for collection of camel semen and describes how the semen concentration and morphology are analyzed. It also examines the use of different buffers for liquid storage of fresh and chilled semen, the ideal number of live sperm to inseminate and whether pregnancy rates are improved if the animal is inseminated at the tip of the uterine horn verses in the uterine body. Various methods to induce ovulation in the female camels are also described as well as the timing of insemination in relation to ovulation. Results show that collection of semen is best achieved using an artificial vagina, and the highest pregnancy rates are obtained if a minimum of 150 × 106 live spermatozoa (diluted in Green Buffer, lactose (11%), or I.N.R.A. 96) are inseminated into the body of the uterus 24 h after the GnRH injection, given to the female camel to induce ovulation. Deep freezing of camel semen is proving to be a great challenge but the use of various freezing protocols, different diluents and different packaging methods (straws verses pellets) will be discussed. Preliminary results indicate that Green and Clear Buffer for Camel Semen is the best diluent to use for freezing dromedary semen and that freezing in pellets rather than straws result in higher post-thaw motility. Preservation of semen by deepfreezing is very important in camelids as it prevents the need to transport animals between farms and it extends the reproductive life span of the male, therefore further work needs to be carried out to improve the fertility of frozen/thawed camel spermatozoa.
From markers to genome-based breeding in wheat

Recent technological advances in wheat genomics provide new opportunities to uncover genetic variation in traits of breeding interest and enable genome-based breeding to deliver wheat cultivars for the projected food requirements for 2050. There has been tremendous progress in development of whole-genome sequencing resources in wheat and its progenitor species during the last 5 years. High-throughput genotyping is now possible in wheat not only for routine gene introgression but also for high-density genome-wide genotyping. This is a major transition phase to enable genome-based breeding to achieve progressive genetic gains to parallel to projected wheat production demands. These advances have intrigued wheat researchers to practice less pursued analytical approaches which were not practiced due to the short history of genome sequence availability. Such approaches have been successful in gene discovery and breeding applications in other crops and animals for which genome sequences have been available for much longer. These strategies include, (i) environmental genome-wide association studies in wheat genetic resources stored in genbanks to identify genes for local adaptation by using agroclimatic traits as phenotypes, (ii) haplotype-based analyses to improve the statistical power and resolution of genomic selection and gene mapping experiments, (iii) new breeding strategies for genome-based prediction of heterosis patterns in wheat, and (iv) ultimate use of genomics information to develop more efficient and robust genome-wide genotyping platforms to precisely predict higher yield potential and stability with greater precision. Genome-based breeding has potential to achieve the ultimate objective of ensuring sustainable wheat production through developing high yielding, climate-resilient wheat cultivars with high nutritional quality.
A complete U-V-disparity study for stereovision based 3D driving environment analysis

Reliable understanding of the 3D driving environment is vital for obstacle detection and adaptive cruise control (ACC) applications. Laser or millimeter wave radars have shown good performance in measuring relative speed and distance in a highway driving environment. However the accuracy of these systems decreases in an urban traffic environment as more confusion occurs due to factors such as parked vehicles, guardrails, poles and motorcycles. A stereovision based sensing system provides an effective supplement to radar-based road scene analysis with its much wider field of view and more accurate lateral information. This paper presents an efficient solution using a stereovision based road scene analysis algorithm which employs the "U-V-disparity" concept. This concept is used to classify a 3D road scene into relative surface planes and characterize the features of road pavement surfaces, roadside structures and obstacles. Real-time implementation of the disparity map calculation and the "U-V-disparity" classification is also presented.
Online Support Groups for Depression in China: Culturally Shaped Interactions and Motivations

Online support groups have drawn considerable attention from scholars in the past decades. While prior research has explored the interactions and motivations of users, we know relatively little about how culture shapes the way people use and understand online support groups. Drawing on ethnographic research in a Chinese online depression community, we examine how online support groups function in the context of Chinese culture for people with depression. Through online observations and interviews, we uncover the unique interactions among users in this online support group, such as peer diagnosis, peer therapy, and public journaling. These activities were intertwined with Chinese cultural values and the scarcity of mental health resources in China. We also show that online support groups play an important role in fostering individual empowerment and improving public understanding of depression in China. This paper provides insights into the interweaving of culture and online health community use and contributes to a context-rich understanding of online support groups.
Context Aware Document Embedding

Recently, doc2vec has achieved excellent results in different tasks (Lau and Baldwin, 2016). In this paper, we present a context aware variant of doc2vec. We introduce a novel weight estimating mechanism that generates weights for each word occurrence according to its contribution in the context, using deep neural networks. Our context aware model can achieve similar results compared to doc2vec initialized by Wikipedia trained vectors, while being much more efficient and free from heavy external corpus. Analysis of context aware weights shows they are a kind of enhanced IDF weights that capture sub-topic level keywords in documents. They might result from deep neural networks that learn hidden representations with the least entropy.
CYBER BULLYING-A NEW SOCIAL MENACE

Cyber bullying is a combination of the word cyber and bullying where cyber basically means the Internet or on-line. In this case, cyber bullying will focus on getting in action with bullying by using the Internet or modern technologies such as on-line chats, online media and short messaging texts through social media. The current review aims to compile and summarize the results of relevant publications related to “cyber bullying." The review also includes discussing on relevant variables related to cyber bullying.  Information from relevant publications addresses the demographics, prevalence, differences between cyber bullying and traditional bullying, bullying motivation, avenues to overcome it, preventions, coping mechanisms in relation to “cyber bullying” were retrieved and summarized.  The prevalence of cyber bullying ranges from 30% 55% and the contributing risk factors include positive association with perpetration, non-supportive school environment, and Internet risky behaviors. Both males and females have been equal weigh on being perpetrators and victims. The older groups with more technology exposures are more prone to be exposed to cyber bullying. With respect to individual components of bullying, repetition is less evident in cyber bullying and power imbalance is not measured by physicality but in terms of popularity and technical knowledge of the perpetrator.  Due to the limited efforts centralized on the intervention, future researchers should focus on testing the efficacy of possible interventional programs and the effects of different roles in the intervention in order to curb the problem and prevent more deleterious effects of cyber bullying.
Design, integration, and field evaluation of a robotic apple harvester

1Biological Systems EngineeringDepartment, Center for Precision andAutomatedAgricultural Systems,Washington StateUniversity, USA 2School ofMechanical andMaterials Engineering,Washington StateUniversity, USA 3Biological Systems EngineeringDepartment, Center for Precision andAutomatedAgricultural Systems,Washington StateUniversity, USA 4School ofMechanical andMaterials Engineering,Washington StateUniversity, USA 5Biological Systems EngineeringDepartment, Center for Precision andAutomatedAgricultural Systems,Washington StateUniversity, USA 6Extension, Center for Precision andAutomatedAgricultural Systems,Washington State University, USA Correspondence ManojKarkee, 24106NBunnRd,CPAAS, Prosser,WA99350,USA. Email:manoj.karkee@wsu.edu ∗Theseauthors contributedequally to thiswork Abstract Every apple destined for the freshmarket is pickedby thehumanhand.Despite extensive research over the past four decades, there are no mechanical apple harvesters for the fresh market commercially available, which is a significant concern because of increasing uncertainty about the availability of manual labor and rising production costs. The highly unstructured orchard environment has been a major challenge to the development of commercially viable robotic harvesting systems. This paper reports the design and field evaluation of a robotic apple harvester. The approach adoptedwas to use a low-cost system to assess required sensing, planning, andmanipulation functionality in a modern orchard system with a planar canopy. The system was tested in a commercial apple orchard inWashington State.Workspacemodifications and performance criteria are thoroughly defined and reported to help evaluate the approach and guide future enhancements. The machine vision system was accurate and had an average localization time of 1.5 s per fruit. The seven degree of freedom harvesting system successfully picked 127 of the 150 fruit attempted for an overall success rate of 84%with an average picking time of 6.0 s per fruit. Future work will include integration of additional sensing and obstacle detection for improved system robustness.
Tiled-based adaptive streaming using MPEG-DASH

Interactive spatial navigation within a video is getting attention in the research community, especially in scenarios such as 360° video, video surveillance or region-of-interest viewing. With more content being delivered over the top, the complexity of spatial access to the video is increased by the need to perform bitrate adaptation to react to network variations. In this paper, we describe how spatial access can be performed in an adaptive HTTP streaming context, using tiling of the source content, MPEG-DASH and its SRD extensions. We describe a configurable implementation of these technologies, within the GPAC open-source player, allowing experimentations of different adaptation policies for tiled video content.
Temperature Rise Estimation of Induction Motor Drives Based on Loadability Curves to Facilitate Design of Electric Powertrains

Thermal protection limits are equally important as mechanical specifications when designing electric drivetrains. However, properties of motor drives like mass/length of copper winding or heat dissipation factor are not available in producers’ catalogs. The lack of this essential data prevents the effective selection of drivetrain components and makes it necessary to consult critical design decisions with equipment's suppliers. Therefore, in this paper, the popular loadability curves that are available in catalogs become a basis to formulate a method that allows to estimate temperature rise of motor drives. The current technique allows for evaluating a temperature rise of a motor drive for any overload magnitude, duty cycle, and ambient temperature, contrary to using a discrete set of permissible overload conditions that are provided by manufacturers. The proposed approach is based on industrially adopted practices, greatly improves flexibility of a design process, and facilitates communication in a supplier–customer dialog.
Comparison of long range UHF RFID metal pallet tags for auto-parts logistic system

This paper presents two different long range UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag antennas. They are operating at 915MHz and 920MHz, and small-sized passive tags, Cavity Structured Tag Antenna (CSTA) and Bottom Metal Structured Tag Antenna (BMTA). They are designed to apply on metal cart or pallet for auto-parts logistics. The sizes of both tag antennas are the same as 140 × 60 × 10 mm3.
Genital findings in prepubertal girls evaluated for sexual abuse. A different perspective on hymenal measurements.

To evaluate the usefulness of the horizontal transhymenal diameter as a screening parameter to differentiate between prepubertal girls with and without other definitive signs of sexual abuse.



Case comparison study using transhymenal measurements as a diagnostic screening test referenced against prior publications of criterion standards.



A primary care (family practice) clinic in association with an academic program in northern California.



A consecutive, referred sample of 1058 prepubertal girls aged 6 months to 10 years who were examined as allegedly having been sexually molested between 1987 and 1994.



Girls with no definitive signs of genital trauma exhibited a mean transhymenal diameter of 2.3 mm and in general showed an increase of approximately 1 mm per year of age. Girls with definitive signs of genital trauma exhibited a mean transhymenal diameter of 9.0 mm and no significant variance with age. Correcting for age differences, the transhymenal diameter was highly significant as a differentiating factor (F = 1079, P < .001). When compared against the criterion standard, the transhymenal measurement is 99% specific and 79% sensitive as a screening tool.



Although not independently diagnostic of sexual molestation, the transhymenal diameter, when compared against the criterion standard for age, is a useful screening parameter for primary care physicians evaluating children of potential sexual abuse.