nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Waves of Rural Brides : Female Marriage Migration in China

Conventional views on marriage migration consider it primarily family-related, and portray female marriage migrants as mostly passive, tied movers. Marriage as an economic strategy is seldom studied. We argue that a structural framework enables analysis of the complexities underlying female marriage migration, stressing institutional, economic, and sociocultural factors that impose constraints on and provide opportunities for women’s mobility. A review of the historical and social roles of marriage in China shows that its transactional nature undermines women’s status but offers disadvantaged women an opportunity to achieve social and economic mobility. Based on statistical analyses of a one-percent sample of China’s 1990 Census, we show that peasant women in poor areas are constrained by their institutional positions, rural origins, and low education and status, shutting them out from cities and the urban labor market. Yet in the face of these constraints, many women, in exchange for economic opportunities and agricultural work, pursue migration by marrying into rural areas in more developed regions and by moving over long distances. These rural brides in well-defined migration streams are testimony to the roles of social and kinship networks and of brokers in the marriage market. Men who are socially and/or economically disadvantaged but locationally privileged are able to draw brides from afar. Despite the neoclassical overtone of the notion that marriage migration is an economic strategy, we argue that a structural approach is necessary for understanding the complexities underlying female migration and for explaining the recent phenomenon of long-distance female marriage migration in China.
Cost and space effective IGBT gate drive circuit for bi-directional switch of matrix converter

This paper seeks a simple, cost effective and compact gate drive circuit for bi-directional switch of matrix converter. Principals of IGBT commutation and bi-directional switch commutation in matrix converters are reviewed. Three simple IGBT gate drive circuits are presented and simulated in PSpice and simulation results are approved by experiments in the end of this paper. Paper concludes with comparative numbers of gate drive costs.
Benefits of having friends in older ages: differential effects of informal social activities on well-being in middle-aged and older adults.

It has been considered a fact that informal social activities promote well-being in old age, irrespective of whether they are performed with friends or family members. Fundamental differences in the relationship quality between family members (obligatory) and friends (voluntary), however, suggest differential effects on well-being. Further, age-related changes in networks suggest age-differential effects of social activities on well-being, as older adults cease emotionally detrimental relationships.



Longitudinal representative national survey study with middle-aged (n = 2,830) and older adults (n = 2,032). Age-differential effects of activities with family members and friends on changes in life satisfaction, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) were examined in latent change score models.



In the middle-aged group, activities with friends and families increased PA and life satisfaction and were unrelated to NA. In the older age group, family activities increased both PA and NA and were unrelated to changes in life satisfaction, but activities with friends increased PA and life satisfaction and decreased NA.



Social activities differentially affect different facets of well-being. These associations change with age. In older adults, the effects of social activities with friends may become more important and may act as a buffer against negative effects of aging.
PyEEG: An Open Source Python Module for EEG/MEG Feature Extraction

Computer-aided diagnosis of neural diseases from EEG signals (or other physiological signals that can be treated as time series, e.g., MEG) is an emerging field that has gained much attention in past years. Extracting features is a key component in the analysis of EEG signals. In our previous works, we have implemented many EEG feature extraction functions in the Python programming language. As Python is gaining more ground in scientific computing, an open source Python module for extracting EEG features has the potential to save much time for computational neuroscientists. In this paper, we introduce PyEEG, an open source Python module for EEG feature extraction.
A Survey on Wireless Security: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends

Due to the broadcast nature of radio propagation, the wireless air interface is open and accessible to both authorized and illegitimate users. This completely differs from a wired network, where communicating devices are physically connected through cables and a node without direct association is unable to access the network for illicit activities. The open communications environment makes wireless transmissions more vulnerable than wired communications to malicious attacks, including both the passive eavesdropping for data interception and the active jamming for disrupting legitimate transmissions. Therefore, this paper is motivated to examine the security vulnerabilities and threats imposed by the inherent open nature of wireless communications and to devise efficient defense mechanisms for improving the wireless network security. We first summarize the security requirements of wireless networks, including their authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and availability issues. Next, a comprehensive overview of security attacks encountered in wireless networks is presented in view of the network protocol architecture, where the potential security threats are discussed at each protocol layer. We also provide a survey of the existing security protocols and algorithms that are adopted in the existing wireless network standards, such as the Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and the long-term evolution (LTE) systems. Then, we discuss the state of the art in physical-layer security, which is an emerging technique of securing the open communications environment against eavesdropping attacks at the physical layer. Several physical-layer security techniques are reviewed and compared, including information-theoretic security, artificial-noise-aided security, security-oriented beamforming, diversity-assisted security, and physical-layer key generation approaches. Since a jammer emitting radio signals can readily interfere with the legitimate wireless users, we also introduce the family of various jamming attacks and their countermeasures, including the constant jammer, intermittent jammer, reactive jammer, adaptive jammer, and intelligent jammer. Additionally, we discuss the integration of physical-layer security into existing authentication and cryptography mechanisms for further securing wireless networks. Finally, some technical challenges which remain unresolved at the time of writing are summarized and the future trends in wireless security are discussed.
Social cognitive neuroscience and humanoid robotics

We believe that humanoid robots provide new tools to investigate human social cognition, the processes underlying everyday interactions between individuals. Resonance is an emerging framework to understand social interactions that is based on the finding that cognitive processes involved when experiencing a mental state and when perceiving another individual experiencing the same mental state overlap, both at the behavioral and neural levels. We will first review important aspects of his framework. In a second part, we will discuss how this framework is used to address questions pertaining to artificial agents' social competence. We will focus on two types of paradigm, one derived from experimental psychology and the other using neuroimaging, that have been used to investigate humans' responses to humanoid robots. Finally, we will speculate on the consequences of resonance in natural social interactions if humanoid robots are to become integral part of our societies.
LLCC-PWM inverter for driving high-power piezoelectric actuators

In this contribution a novel LLCC-PWM inverter is presented for driving ultrasonic high power piezoelectric actuators. The proposed system of a pulse-width modulated inverter and LLCC-type filter is designed in a way to reduce the total harmonic distortion of the motor voltage and to locally compensate for the reactive power of piezoelectric actuators. In order to limit the switching frequency, a pulse width modulation using elimination technique of selected harmonics is designed and implemented on a FPGA. Due to local compensation of reactive power and high dynamic behavior of LLCC PWM inverter, the whole power supply shows an optimal performance at minimized volume and weight compared to LC and LLCC resonant converters.
Photoinduced proton coupled electron transfer in 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzothiazole.

We characterize the structural and electronic changes during the photoinduced enol-keto tautomerization of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzothiazole (HBT) in a nonpolar solvent (tetrachloroethene). We quantify the redistribution of electronic charge and intramolecular proton translocation in real time by combining UV-pump/IR-probe spectroscopy and quantum chemical modeling. We find that the photophysics of this prototypical molecule involves proton coupled electron transfer (PCET), from the hydroxyphenyl to the benzothiazole rings, resulting from excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) coupled to electron transfer through the conjugated double bond linking the two rings. The combination of polarization-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy of marker modes and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) provides key insights into the transient structures of the molecular chromophore during ultrafast isomerization dynamics.
"It is always on my mind": women's experiences of their bodies when living with hirsutism.

Many women suffer from excessive hair growth, often in combination with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). It is unclear how hirsutism influences such women's experiences of their bodies. Our aim is to describe and interpret women's experiences of their bodies when living with hirsutism. Interviews were conducted with 10 women with hirsutism. We used a qualitative latent content analysis. Four closely intertwined themes were disclosed: the body was experienced as a yoke, a freak, a disgrace, and as a prison. Hirsutism deeply affects women's experiences of their bodies in a negative way.
De-identification for privacy protection in multimedia content: A survey

 Establishing mechanisms for sharing knowledge and technology among experts in different fields related to automated de-identification and reversible de-identification  Providing innovative solutions for concealing, or removal of identifiers while preserving data utility and naturalness  Investigating reversible de-identification and providing a thorough analysis of security risks of reversible de-identification  Providing a detailed analysis of legal, ethical and social repercussion of reversible/non-reversible de-identification  Promoting and facilitating the transfer of knowledge to all stakeholders (scientific community, end-users, SMEs) through workshops, conference special sessions, seminars and publications
The cognitive foundations of cultural stability and diversity

The existence and diversity of human cultures are made possible by our species-specific cognitive capacities. But how? Do cultures emerge and diverge as a result of the deployment, over generations and in different populations, of general abilities to learn, imitate and communicate? What role if any do domain-specific evolved cognitive abilities play in the emergence and evolution of cultures? These questions have been approached from different vantage points in different disciplines. Here we present a view that is currently developing out of the converging work of developmental psychologists, evolutionary psychologists and cognitive anthropologists.
Impulse Noise Protection Initiatives in VDSL 2 Systems

In recent years, VDSL2 standard has been gaining popularity as a high speed network access technology to deliver triple play services of video, voice and data. These services require strict quality-of-experience (QoE) and quality-of-services (QoS) on DSL systems operating in an impulse noise environment. The DSL systems, in-turn, are affected severely in the presence of impulse noise in the telephone line. Therefore to improve upon the requirements of IPTV under the impulse noise conditions the standard body has been evaluating various proposals to mitigate and reduce the error rates. This paper lists and qualitatively compares various initiatives that have been suggested in the VDSL2 standard body to improve the protection of VDSL2 services against impulse noise.
Sentiment Classification of Hotel Reviews in Social Media with Decision Tree Learning

The aim of this paper is to present an approach for prediction of customer opinion, using supervised machine learning approach and Decision tree method for classification of online hotel reviews as positive or negative. The preliminary extraction and preparation of the data used in the research are described. Three classification models are generated for three different data sets balanced and unbalanced training sets with two schemes of filtering frequent and infrequent words in the attribute list. The results from the classifier evaluation are compared and discussed. The three classification models are also applied on new unseen data for predicting opinion of hotel guests. The achieved results reveal that the most accurate prediction is achieved when applying the model generated from the balanced training set with filtering rare words.
ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas-based methods for genome engineering.

Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) comprise a powerful class of tools that are redefining the boundaries of biological research. These chimeric nucleases are composed of programmable, sequence-specific DNA-binding modules linked to a nonspecific DNA cleavage domain. ZFNs and TALENs enable a broad range of genetic modifications by inducing DNA double-strand breaks that stimulate error-prone nonhomologous end joining or homology-directed repair at specific genomic locations. Here, we review achievements made possible by site-specific nuclease technologies and discuss applications of these reagents for genetic analysis and manipulation. In addition, we highlight the therapeutic potential of ZFNs and TALENs and discuss future prospects for the field, including the emergence of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas-based RNA-guided DNA endonucleases.
POSFET devices based tactile sensing arrays

This work presents and experimentally evaluates novel POSFET (Piezoelectric Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) devices based tactile sensing arrays. The arrays, primarily developed for the robotic applications, consist of 5 × 5 POSFET touch sensing devices or taxels. The POSFET touch sensing devices are developed by spin coating piezoelectric polymer P(VDF-TrFE) film on the gate area of MOS devices and polarizing the film in situ. To detect contact events, the taxels utilize the contact forces induced change in the polarization level (and hence change in the induced channel current) of piezoelectric polymer. Both, individual taxels and the array are designed to match spatio-temporal performance of the human fingertips. Experimental results demonstrate that the POSFET tactile sensing arrays presented here are able to detect complex dynamic contact events such as rolling of an object.
Visualization and GPU-accelerated simulation of medical ultrasound from CT images

We present a fast GPU-based method for simulation of ultrasound images from volumetric CT scans and their visualization. The method uses a ray-based model of the ultrasound to generate view-dependent ultrasonic effects such as occlusions, large-scale reflections and attenuation combined with speckle patterns derived from pre-processing the CT image using a wave-based model of ultrasound propagation in soft tissue. The main applications of the method are ultrasound training and registration of ultrasound and CT images.
Task Scheduling Using PSO Algorithm in Cloud Computing Environments

The Cloud computing has become the fast spread in the field of computing, research and industry in the last few years. As part of the service offered, there are new possibilities to build applications and provide various services to the end user by virtualization through the internet. Task scheduling is the most significant matter in the cloud computing because the user has to pay for resource using on the basis of time, which acts to distribute the load evenly among the system resources by maximizing utilization and reducing task execution Time. Many heuristic algorithms have been existed to resolve the task scheduling problem such as a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Cuckoo search (CS) algorithms, etc. In this paper, a Dynamic Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (DAPSO) has been implemented to enhance the performance of the basic PSO algorithm to optimize the task runtime by minimizing the makespan of a particular task set, and in the same time, maximizing resource utilization. Also, .a task scheduling algorithm has been proposed to schedule the independent task over the Cloud Computing. The proposed algorithm is considered an amalgamation of the Dynamic PSO (DAPSO) algorithm and the Cuckoo search (CS) algorithm; called MDAPSO. According to the experimental results, it is found that MDAPSO and DAPSO algorithms outperform the original PSO algorithm. Also, a comparative study has been done to evaluate the performance of the proposed MDAPSO with respect to the original PSO.
Recreational Cannabis - Minimizing the Health Risks from Legalization.

than half of U.S. states allow physicians to recommend it to patients, legalizing the supply and possession of cannabis for nonmedical purposes is a very different public policy. Since the November 2016 election, 20% of the U.S. population lives in states that have passed ballot initiatives to allow companies to sell cannabis for any reason and adults 21 or older to purchase it. Although other states may move toward legalization, uncertainty abounds because of the federal prohibition on cannabis. The Obama administration tolerated these state laws; it’s unclear what the Trump administration will do. There is also tremendous uncertainty about the net effect of cannabis legalization on public health.1 Most adults who occasionally use cannabis find it pleasurable and don’t experience substantial problems. There is a growing body of research on the medical benefits of consuming cannabis f lowers or extracts,1,2 and legalization should make it easier to study the therapeutic potential and allow access for patients who could benefit. But cannabis use comes with important risks.1-4 For example, cannabis intoxication impairs cognitive and psychomotor function, and there’s strong evidence that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive chemical in cannabis, increases the risk of psychotic symptoms or panic attacks. Approximately 9% of people who try cannabis meet criteria for cannabis dependence at some point. The rate roughly doubles for those who initiate use before 17 years of age and is much higher for adolescents who use cannabis weekly or more often.3 Adolescents and young adults are central to many cannabispolicy discussions since there are questions about how frequent cannabis use may affect their brain development and other outcomes.2,3 Authors from the National Institute on Drug Abuse recently wrote that regular cannabis use by adolescents is particularly worrisome because it’s “associated with an increased likelihood of deleterious consequences.”2 Policy debates are often infused with heated disagreeRecreational Cannabis — Minimizing the Health Risks from Legalization
Efficient vectorization of SIMD programs with non-aligned and irregular data access hardware

Automatic vectorization of programs for partitioned-ALU SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) processors has been difficult because of not only data dependency issues but also non-aligned and irregular data access problems. A non-aligned or irregular data access operation incurs many overhead cycles for data alignment. Moreover, this causes difficulty in efficient code generation and hinders automatic vectorization. In this paper, we employ special memory access hardware for improving the performance of SIMD processors; one is the split line buffer and the other is the packing buffer. The former solves the non-aligned memory access problem, while the latter simplifies irregular and stride data access. The addition of these hardware units not only requires very small changes to the instruction set architecture but also contributes to the significant performance improvement by vectorizing more loops and reducing the overhead cycles. We have also developed an auto-vectorization compiler which utilizes these special hardware units. Experiments have been conducted to compare the proposed method with the conventional one, which show 50% increase in the number of vectorized loops and 77% increase in the total performance of an MPEG2 encoder program.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Pomegranate Leaf Extract in LPS-Induced Peritonitis.

Folk medicine suggests that pomegranate (peels, seeds and leaves) has anti-inflammatory properties; however, the precise mechanisms by which this plant affects the inflammatory process remain unclear. Herein, we analyzed the anti-inflammatory properties of a hydroalcoholic extract prepared from pomegranate leaves using a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute peritonitis. Male Wistar rats were treated with either the hydroalcoholic extract, sodium diclofenac, or saline, and 1 h later received an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharides. Saline-injected animals (i. p.) were used as controls. Animals were culled 4 h after peritonitis induction, and peritoneal lavage and peripheral blood samples were collected. Serum and peritoneal lavage levels of TNF-α as well as TNF-α mRNA expression in peritoneal lavage leukocytes were quantified. Total and differential leukocyte populations were analyzed in peritoneal lavage samples. Lipopolysaccharide-induced increases of both TNF-α mRNA and protein levels were diminished by treatment with either pomegranate leaf hydroalcoholic extract (57 % and 48 % mean reduction, respectively) or sodium diclofenac (41 % and 33 % reduction, respectively). Additionally, the numbers of peritoneal leukocytes, especially neutrophils, were markedly reduced in hydroalcoholic extract-treated rats with acute peritonitis. These results demonstrate that pomegranate leaf extract may be used as an anti-inflammatory drug which suppresses the levels of TNF-α in acute inflammation.
High-resolution patterning of graphene by screen printing with a silicon stencil for highly flexible printed electronics.

High-resolution screen printing of pristine graphene is introduced for the rapid fabrication of conductive lines on flexible substrates. Well-defined silicon stencils and viscosity-controlled inks facilitate the preparation of high-quality graphene patterns as narrow as 40 μm. This strategy provides an efficient method to produce highly flexible graphene electrodes for printed electronics.