nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
CSPd Week: A Scalable Model for Preparing Teachers for CS for All

Professional development (PD) has long been recognized as one of the key ingredients in K-12 CS Education, particularly when addressing the problem of underserved communities. Over the last decade, significant work has been done to create professional development and curricular offerings that are research based, with a proven track record. Bootstrap, Exploring Computer Science and AP CS Principles represent these types of programs. Each of these programs has developed high-quality PD for educators and have been recognized by the White House as exemplar courses. However, economies of scale make it difficult to expand to the vast number of small school districts around the country, including some of the most isolated and underserved areas such as rural communities and Native American reservations. This panel will discuss an alternative model - "CSPdWeek" -- a national event aimed at providing best-in-class PD to teachers across the country. The inaugural CSPdWeek took place in July, 2016 at Colorado School of Mines, and provided a week-long residential experience for teachers attending one of three teacher-focused professional development programs. Over 240 classroom teachers attended CSPdWeek, making this professional development the single largest cross-curricular effort in preparing U.S. teachers to teach computing as part of the "CS for All" movement. This panel will focus on why this year's CSPdWeek was such a success and what was behind social media testimonies from teachers who talked about being part of an educational movement.
Stochastic First- and Zeroth-order Methods for Nonconvex Stochastic Programming

In this paper, we introduce a new stochastic approximation (SA) type algorithm, namely the randomized stochastic gradient (RSG) method, for solving an important class of nonlinear (possibly nonconvex) stochastic programming (SP) problems. We establish the complexity of this method for computing an approximate stationary point of a nonlinear programming problem. We also show that this method possesses a nearly optimal rate of convergence if the problem is convex. We discuss a variant of the algorithm which consists of applying a post-optimization phase to evaluate a short list of solutions generated by several independent runs of the RSG method, and show that such modification allows to improve significantly the large-deviation properties of the algorithm. These methods are then specialized for solving a class of simulation-based optimization problems in which only stochastic zeroth-order information is available. 1.  In 1951, Robbins and Monro in their seminal work [34] proposed a classical stochastic approximation (SA) algorithm for solving stochastic programming (SP) problems. This approach mimics the simplest gradient descent method by using noisy gradient information in place of the exact gradients, and possesses the " asymptotically optimal " rate of convergence for solving a class of strongly convex SP problems [4, 38]. However, it is usually difficult to implement the " asymptotically optimal " stepsize policy, especially in the beginning, so that the algorithms often perform poorly in practice (e.g., [40, Section 4.5.3]). An important improvement of the classical SA was developed by Polyak [32] and Polyak and Juditsky , where longer stepsizes were suggested together with the averaging of the obtained iterates. Their methods were shown to be more robust with respect to the selection of stepsizes than the classical SA and also exhibit the " asymptotically optimal " rate of convergence for solving strongly convex SP problems. We refer to [24] for an account of the earlier history of SA methods. The last few years have seen some significant progress for the development of SA methods for SP. On one hand, new SA type methods are being introduced to solve SP problems which are not necessarily strongly convex. On the other hand, these developments , motivated by complexity theory in convex optimization , concerned the convergence properties of SA methods during a finite number of iterations. For example, Nemirovski et al.  presented a properly modified SA approach, namely, mirror descent SA for solving general non-smooth convex SP problems. They demonstrated …
Resuming the discussion of AMSTAR: What can (should) be made better?

Evidence syntheses, and in particular systematic reviews (SRs), have become one of the cornerstones of evidence-based health care. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool has become the most widely used tool for investigating the methodological quality of SRs and is currently undergoing revision. The objective of this paper is to present insights, challenges and potential solutions from the point of view of a group of assessors, while referring to earlier methodological discussions and debates with respect to AMSTAR.



One major drawback of AMSTAR is that it relies heavily on reporting quality rather than on methodological quality. This can be found in several items. Furthermore, it should be acknowledged that there are now new methods and procedures that did not exist when AMSTAR was developed. For example, the note to item 1 should now refer to the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Furthermore, item 3 should consider the definition of hand-searching, as the process of reviewing conference proceedings using the search function (e.g. in Microsoft Word or in a PDF file) does not meet the definition set out by the Cochrane Collaboration. Moreover, methods for assessing the quality of the body of evidence have evolved since AMSTAR was developed and should be incorporated into a revised AMSTAR tool. Potential solutions are presented for each AMSTAR item with the aim of allowing a more thorough assessment of SRs. As the AMSTAR tool is currently undergoing further development, our paper hopes to add to preceding discussions and papers regarding this tool and stimulate further discussion.
SMOTE-GPU: Big Data preprocessing on commodity hardware for imbalanced classification

Nowadays, it is usual to work with large amounts of data since our capacity of collecting and storing information has increased significantly. The extraction of knowledge from these scenarios is commonly known as “Big Data,” and it is performed on large clusters with MapReduce platforms. Imbalanced classification poses a problem both in traditional and Big Data learning scenarios. Data sampling is one of the ways that allows to improve the performance on imbalanced problems. A commodity hardware-based method for Big Data problems can offload these computations from the expensive and highly demanded hardware that MapReduce platforms require. The characteristics of some sampling methods make them suitable to be adapted to commodity hardware, taking advantage of the parallel computation capabilities of graphics processing units. SMOTE is one of the most popular oversampling methods which is based on the nearest neighbor rule. The proposed SMOTE-GPU efficiently handles large datasets (several millions of instances) on a wide variety of commodity hardware, including a laptop computer.
Effects of early-life abuse differ across development: infant social behavior deficits are followed by adolescent depressive-like behaviors mediated by the amygdala.

Abuse during early life, especially from the caregiver, increases vulnerability to develop later-life psychopathologies such as depression. Although signs of depression are typically not expressed until later life, signs of dysfunctional social behavior have been found earlier. How infant abuse alters the trajectory of brain development to produce pathways to pathology is not completely understood. Here we address this question using two different but complementary rat models of early-life abuse from postnatal day 8 (P8) to P12: a naturalistic paradigm, where the mother is provided with insufficient bedding for nest building; and a more controlled paradigm, where infants undergo olfactory classical conditioning. Amygdala neural assessment (c-Fos), as well as social behavior and forced swim tests were performed at preweaning (P20) and adolescence (P45). Our results show that both models of early-life abuse induce deficits in social behavior, even during the preweaning period; however, depressive-like behaviors were observed only during adolescence. Adolescent depressive-like behavior corresponds with an increase in amygdala neural activity in response to forced swim test. A causal relationship between the amygdala and depressive-like behavior was suggested through amygdala temporary deactivation (muscimol infusions), which rescued the depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. Our results indicate that social behavior deficits in infancy could serve as an early marker for later psychopathology. Moreover, the implication of the amygdala in the ontogeny of depressive-like behaviors in infant abused animals is an important step toward understanding the underlying mechanisms of later-life mental disease associated with early-life abuse.
Establishment of the Diagnosis of Follicular Occlusion Tetrad

Follicular occlusion tetrad (FOT) is a clinical syndrome consisting of suppurative hidradenitis, acne conglobata, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, and pilonidal sinus. FOT is a rare case that is mostly found in severe conditions resulting in resistance to therapy. Diagnostic accuracy and therapy for all components of FOT is extremely important.  A 43-year old male presented with small, painful blisters and bumps filled with pus that had been ongoing for five years. We found pustules and erythematous nodules and multiple abscess with atrophic scars on the scalp, anterior and posterior trunks, abdomen, groin and gluteal regions on the facial region, we found multiple atrophic scars. The pus culture showed the presence of Escherichia coli, and fistulography examination revealed multiple cutaneous fistules and enterocutaneous sinus. The histopathological examination indicated rupture of hair follicles, follicular plugs, and infiltration of heavy-mixed infiltrate cells.  The FOT diagnosis was established through medical history recording, physical and histopathological examinations, and fistulography. Upon medical history recording and physical examination, we found pustules and nodules in several hairy areas. The fistulographic examination showed some fistules and sinus tracts, and the histopathological examination showed adnexal tissue damage caused by occlusion of hair follicles and inflammation due to accumulation of keratin and debris. All these findings led to the FOT diagnosis. ISSN 2476-2415
Visual Tracking Using Attention-Modulated Disintegration and Integration

In this paper, we present a novel attention-modulated visual tracking algorithm that decomposes an object into multiple cognitive units, and trains multiple elementary trackers in order to modulate the distribution of attention according to various feature and kernel types. In the integration stage it recombines the units to memorize and recognize the target object effectively. With respect to the elementary trackers, we present a novel attentional feature-based correlation filter (AtCF) that focuses on distinctive attentional features. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through experimental comparison with state-of-theart methods on widely-used tracking benchmark datasets.
Beyond UVM for practical SoC verification

As the size and complexity of SoC design grow, an efficient and structured verification environment is becoming more important than ever before. It is because many engineers with different knowledge and skills are involved in SoC verification, and they have to deal with different aspects of verification. This paper looks over the diversity of SoC verification and suggests a practical application method of UVM (Universal Verification Methodology) to build an efficient and structured verification environment which meets various requirements of SoC verification. This paper shows standardized and well-organized testbench architecture that includes directory structure of testbench files, and mechanism such as interface and handles across the components. The proposed UVM application method helps testbench developers maintain consistency of testbenches and reduce the quality gap among verification works that are done by multiple verification engineers, by using standardized testbench. It ensures that IP verification engineers do their job independently and the testbenches can be reused in top level verification environment. In addition, it provides a good infrastructure to hardware designers, who have little knowledge about verification languages and methodologies, and who want to write directed test cases only. The proposed method has been validated with a set of reference testbenches developed for an application processor SoC.
Information technologies in retail supply chains: a comparison of Tesco and Asda

This paper synthesises knowledge about information technologies (ITs) by outlining their functionalities and features, and reflecting on the strategic and operational opportunities and challenges they present to a retail supply chain (SC). The research is developed from empirical case studies, and literature on IT development and applications. It is acknowledged that, while implementation and integration of the ITs across the SC will enhance the overall SC performance in terms of cost, response efficiency and customer satisfaction levels, challenges still have to be addressed, including high setup costs, implementation complexity, and privacy and security issues. Better understanding of these opportunities and challenges will enable participants in the retail SC to transform challenges into opportunities. Drawn from primary and secondary resources, a comparison is conducted to compare the deployment of ITs for the two UK retailers (Tesco and Asda).
Did Frege Believe Frege's Principle?

In this essay I will consider two theses that are associated with Frege, and will investigate the extent to which Frege “really” believed them. Much of what I have to say will come as no surprise to scholars of the historical Frege. But Frege is not only a historical figure; he also occupies a site on the philosophical landscape that has allowed his doctrines to seep into the subconscious water table. And scholars in a wide variety of different scholarly establishments then sip from these doctrines. I believe that some Frege-interested philosophers at various of these establishments might find my conclusions surprising. Some of these philosophical establishments have arisen from an educational milieu in which Frege is associated with some specific doctrine at the expense of not even being aware of other milieux where other specific doctrines are given sole prominence. The two theses which I will discuss illustrate this point. Each of them is called “Frege’s Principle,” but by philosophers from different milieux. By calling them “milieux” I do not want to convey the idea that they are each located at some specific socio-politico-geographico-temporal location. Rather, it is a matter of their each being located at different places on the intellectuallandscape. For this reason one might (and I sometimes will) call them “(interpretative) traditions.”
From Theory to Experimental Evaluation: Resource Management in Software-Defined Vehicular Networks

Managing resources in dynamic vehicular environments is a tough task, which is becoming more challenging with the increased number of access technologies today available in connected cars (e.g., IEEE 802.11, LTE), in the variety of applications provided on the road (e.g., safety, traffic efficiency, and infotainment), in the amount of driving awareness/coordination required (e.g., local, context, and cooperative awareness), and in the level of automation toward zero-accident driving (e.g., platooning and autonomous driving). The open programmability and logically centralized control features of the software–defined networking (SDN) paradigm offer an attractive means to manage communication and networking resources in the vehicular environment and promise improved performance. In this paper, we enumerate the potentials of software-defined vehicular networks, analyze the need to rethink the traditional SDN approach from theoretical and practical standpoints when applied in this application context, and present an emulation approach based on the proposed node car architecture in Mininet-WiFi to showcase the applicability and some expected benefits of SDN in a selected use case scenario.
Author ' s personal copy Video gameplay , personality and academic performance

The relationship between video gameplay, video game genre preference, personality, and GPA was investigated in an online correlational study with university students. In addition to administering selfreport measures of GPA and personality, we asked three different questions regarding styles of video gameplay. The first asked the average time spent playing video games per week (habitual players), the second asked the total time spent playing favorite video games (selective players), and the third asked the number of different video games played in a year (diverse players). Students who were medium in selective player style (spent 11–50 h) had significantly higher GPAs than students low on selective player style (spent 0–10 h). Students high on habitual playing style (7 or more hours a week) showed significantly lower levels of Conscientiousness compared to students low on habitual playing style (0–1 h a week). Students who were high on the diverse style (i.e., 7 or more games played a year) showed significantly higher Openness scores than students low on the diverse style (0–3 games a year). Finally, several notable relations were found between video game genre preference, GPA, and personality. Results are discussed in terms of the positive implications of video gameplay on academic performance.
Graph Drawing by Force-directed Placement

A graph G = (V,E) is a set V of vertices and a set E of edges, in which an edge joins a pair of vertices. 1 Normally, graphs are depicted with their vertices as points in a plane and their edges as line or curve segments connecting those points. There are different styles of representation, suited to different types of graphs or different purposes of presentation. We concentrate on the most general class of graphs: undirected graphs, drawn with straight edges. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm that attempts to produce aesthetically-pleasing, two-dimensional pictures of graphs by doing simplified simulations of physical systems. We are concerned with drawing undirected graphs according to some generally accepted aesthetic criteria: 2
Romantic Relationships among Young Adults : An Attachment Perspective

The present study used adult attachment as a theoretical framework to investigate individual differences in young adults’ romantic relationships. Emphasis was put on studying the relational aspects of the self and coping strategies in an attempt to better understand how romantic partners feel about themselves and how they subsequently behave in periods of conflict. The sample comprised undergraduate university students (N=377) who responded to a self report questionnaire in English. Most findings were consistent with the proposed hypotheses. Results indicated that anxious individuals tend to report an ambivalent coping style and that fearful individuals were most vulnerable to health risks such as depression. Gender differences were also explored and results showed for instance that women generally tend to seek more support, and men might be more dismissing than women.
A 1.2 V Reactive-Feedback 3.1–10.6 GHz Low-Noise Amplifier in 0.13 $\mu{\hbox {m}}$  CMOS

A 15.1 dB gain, 2.1 dB (min.) noise figure low-noise amplifier (LNA) fabricated in 0.13 mum CMOS operates across the entire 3.1-10.6 GHz ultrawideband (UWB). Noise figure variation over the band is limited to 0.43 dB. Reactive (transformer) feedback reduces the noise figure, stabilizes the gain, and sets the terminal impedances over the desired bandwidth. It also provides a means of separating ESD protection circuitry from the RF input path. Bias current-reuse limits power consumption of the 0.87mm2 IC to 9 mW from a 1.2 V supply. Comparable measured results are presented from both packaged and wafer probed test samples
Opportunities and challenges for quantum-assisted machine learning in near-term quantum computers

Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz, 2, 3, 4, 5, ∗ Marcello Benedetti, 2, 4, 5 John Realpe-Gómez, 6, 7 and Rupak Biswas 8 Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA USRA Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA Qubitera, LLC., Mountain View, CA 94041, USA Department of Computer Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK Cambridge Quantum Computing Limited, CB2 1UB Cambridge, UK SGT Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA Instituto de Matemáticas Aplicadas, Universidad de Cartagena, Boĺıvar 130001, Colombia Exploration Technology Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ( March 20, 2018)
The 'digital natives' debate: A critical review of the evidence

The idea that a new generation of students is entering the education system has excited recent attention among educators and education commentators. Termed ‘digital natives’ or the ‘Net generation’, these young people are said to have been immersed in technology all their lives, imbuing them with sophisticated technical skills and learning preferences for which traditional education is unprepared. Grand claims are being made about the nature of this generational change and about the urgent necessity for educational reform in response. A sense of impending crisis pervades this debate. However, the actual situation is far from clear. In this paper, the authors draw on the fields of education and sociology to analyse the digital natives debate. The paper presents and questions the main claims made about digital natives and analyses the nature of the debate itself. We argue that rather than being empirically and theoretically informed, the debate can be likened to an academic form of a ‘moral panic’. We propose that a more measured and disinterested approach is now required to investigate ‘digital natives’ and their implications for education. The one thing that does not change is that at any and every time it appears that there have been ‘great changes’. Marcel Proust, Within a Budding Grove
OpenPiton: An Open Source Manycore Research Framework

Industry is building larger, more complex, manycore processors on the back of strong institutional knowledge, but academic projects face difficulties in replicating that scale. To alleviate these difficulties and to develop and share knowledge, the community needs open architecture frameworks for simulation, synthesis, and software exploration which support extensibility, scalability, and configurability, alongside an established base of verification tools and supported software. In this paper we present OpenPiton, an open source framework for building scalable architecture research prototypes from 1 core to 500 million cores. OpenPiton is the world's first open source, general-purpose, multithreaded manycore processor and framework. OpenPiton leverages the industry hardened OpenSPARC T1 core with modifications and builds upon it with a scratch-built, scalable uncore creating a flexible, modern manycore design. In addition, OpenPiton provides synthesis and backend scripts for ASIC and FPGA to enable other researchers to bring their designs to implementation. OpenPiton provides a complete verification infrastructure of over 8000 tests, is supported by mature software tools, runs full-stack multiuser Debian Linux, and is written in industry standard Verilog. Multiple implementations of OpenPiton have been created including a taped-out 25-core implementation in IBM's 32nm process and multiple Xilinx FPGA prototypes.