nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
How nurse managers in Japanese hospital wards manage patient violence toward their staff.

This study explores nurse managers' experiences in dealing with patient/family violence toward their staff.



Studies and guidelines have emphasised the responsibility of nurse managers to manage violence directed at their staff. Although studies on nursing staff have highlighted the ineffectiveness of strategies used by nurse managers, few have explored their perspectives on dealing with violence.



This qualitative study adopted a grounded theory approach to explore the experiences of 26 Japanese nurse managers.



The nurse managers made decisions using internalised ethical values, which included maintaining organisational functioning, keeping staff safe, advocating for the patient/family and avoiding moral transgressions. They resolved internal conflicts among their ethical values by repeating a holistic assessment and simultaneous approach consisting of damage control and dialogue. They facilitated the involved persons' understanding, acceptance and sensemaking of the incident, which contributed to a resolution of the internal conflicts among their ethical values.



Nurse managers adhere to their ethical values when dealing with patient violence toward nurses. Their ethical decision-making process should be acknowledged as an effective strategy to manage violence.



Organisational strategies that support and incorporate managers' ethical decision-making are needed to prevent and manage violence toward nurses.
Neurogenic inflammation and the peripheral nervous system in host defense and immunopathology

The peripheral nervous and immune systems are traditionally thought of as serving separate functions. The line between them is, however, becoming increasingly blurred by new insights into neurogenic inflammation. Nociceptor neurons possess many of the same molecular recognition pathways for danger as immune cells, and, in response to danger, the peripheral nervous system directly communicates with the immune system, forming an integrated protective mechanism. The dense innervation network of sensory and autonomic fibers in peripheral tissues and high speed of neural transduction allows rapid local and systemic neurogenic modulation of immunity. Peripheral neurons also seem to contribute to immune dysfunction in autoimmune and allergic diseases. Therefore, understanding the coordinated interaction of peripheral neurons with immune cells may advance therapeutic approaches to increase host defense and suppress immunopathology.
No Metaphorical Timeline in Gesture and Cognition Among Yucatec Mayas

In numerous languages, space provides a productive domain for the expression of time. This paper examines how time-to-space mapping is realized in Yucatec Maya. At the linguistic level, Yucatec Maya has numerous resources to express deictic time, whereas expression of sequential time is highly constrained. Specifically, in gesture, we do not find any metaphorical oriented timeline, but only an opposition between "current time" (mapped on the "here" space) and "remote time" (mapped on the "remote/distant space"). Additionally, past and future are not contrasted. Sequential or deictic time in language and gesture are not conceived as unfolding along a metaphorical oriented line (e.g., left-right or front-back) but as a succession of completed events not spatially organized. Interestingly, although Yucatec Maya speakers preferentially use a geocentric spatial frame of reference (FoR), especially visible in their use of gesture, time is not mapped onto a geocentric axis (e.g., east-west). We argue that, instead of providing a source for time mapping, the use of a spatial geocentric FoR in Yucatec Maya seems to inhibit it. The Yucatec Maya expression of time in language and gesture fits the more general cultural conception of time as cyclic. Experimental results confirmed, to some extent, this non-linear, non-directional conception of time in Yucatec Maya.
Learning Image Conditioned Label Space for Multilabel Classification

This work addresses the task of multilabel image classification. Inspired by the great success from deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for single-label visualsemantic embedding, we exploit extending these models for multilabel images. Specifically, we propose an imagedependent ranking model, which returns a ranked list of labels according to its relevance to the input image. In contrast to conventional CNN models that learn an image representation (i.e. the image embedding vector), the developed model learns a mapping (i.e. a transformation matrix) from an image in an attempt to differentiate between its relevant and irrelevant labels. Despite the conceptual simplicity of our approach, experimental results on a public benchmark dataset demonstrate that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance while using fewer training images than other multilabel classification methods.
Inferring clinical depression from speech and spoken utterances

In this paper, we investigate the problem of detecting depression from recordings of subjects' speech using speech processing and machine learning. There has been considerable interest in this problem in recent years due to the potential for developing objective assessments from real-world behaviors, which may provide valuable supplementary clinical information or may be useful in screening. The cues for depression may be present in “what is said” (content) and “how it is said” (prosody). Given the limited amounts of text data, even in this relatively large study, it is difficult to employ standard method of learning models from n-gram features. Instead, we learn models using word representations in an alternative feature space of valence and arousal. This is akin to embedding words into a real vector space albeit with manual ratings instead of those learned with deep neural networks . For extracting prosody, we employ standard feature extractors such as those implemented in openSMILE and compare them with features extracted from harmonic models that we have been developing in recent years. Our experiments show that our features from harmonic model improve the performance of detecting depression from spoken utterances than other alternatives. The context features provide additional improvements to achieve an accuracy of about 74%, sufficient to be useful in screening applications.
CAP3: A DNA sequence assembly program.

We describe the third generation of the CAP sequence assembly program. The CAP3 program includes a number of improvements and new features. The program has a capability to clip 5' and 3' low-quality regions of reads. It uses base quality values in computation of overlaps between reads, construction of multiple sequence alignments of reads, and generation of consensus sequences. The program also uses forward-reverse constraints to correct assembly errors and link contigs. Results of CAP3 on four BAC data sets are presented. The performance of CAP3 was compared with that of PHRAP on a number of BAC data sets. PHRAP often produces longer contigs than CAP3 whereas CAP3 often produces fewer errors in consensus sequences than PHRAP. It is easier to construct scaffolds with CAP3 than with PHRAP on low-pass data with forward-reverse constraints.
Antecedents of Abnormally Invasive Placenta in Primiparous Women: Risk Associated With Gynecologic Procedures.

To evaluate the association between prior invasive gynecologic procedures and the risk of subsequent abnormally invasive placenta (ie, placenta accreta, increta, and percreta).



We conducted a population-based data linkage study including all primiparous women who delivered in New South Wales, Australia, between 2003 and 2012. Data were obtained from linked birth and hospital admissions with a minimum lookback period of 2 years. Prior procedures invasive of the uterus were considered including gynecologic laparoscopy with instrumentation of the uterus; hysteroscopy, including operative hysteroscopy; curettage, including suction curettage and surgical termination; and endometrial ablation. Modified Poisson regression was used to determine the association between the number of prior gynecologic procedures and risk of abnormally invasive placenta.



Eight hundred fifty-four cases of abnormally invasive placenta were identified among 380,775 deliveries included in the study (22.4/10,000). In total, 33,296 primiparous women had at least one prior procedure (8.7%). Among women with abnormally invasive placenta, 152 (17.8%) had undergone at least one procedure compared with 33,144 (8.7%) among women without abnormally invasive placenta (P<.01). After adjustment, the relative risk was 1.5 for one procedure (99% CI 1.1-1.9), 2.7 for two procedures (99% CI 1.7-4.4), and 5.1 for three or more procedures (99% CI 2.7-9.6). Abnormally invasive placenta was also positively associated with maternal age, socioeconomic advantage, mother being Australia-born, placenta previa, hypertension, multiple births, use of assisted reproductive technology, and female fetal sex.



Women with a history of prior invasive gynecologic procedures were more likely to develop abnormally invasive placenta. These insights may be used to inform management of pregnancies in women with a history of gynecologic procedures.
Morgellons disease: Analysis of a population with clinically confirmed microscopic subcutaneous fibers of unknown etiology

Morgellons disease is a controversial illness in which patients complain of stinging, burning, and biting sensations under the skin. Unusual subcutaneous fibers are the unique objective finding. The etiology of Morgellons disease is unknown, and diagnostic criteria have yet to be established. Our goal was to identify prevalent symptoms in patients with clinically confirmed subcutaneous fibers in order to develop a case definition for Morgellons disease.



Patients with subcutaneous fibers observed on physical examination (designated as the fiber group) were evaluated using a data extraction tool that measured clinical and demographic characteristics. The prevalence of symptoms common to the fiber group was then compared with the prevalence of these symptoms in patients with Lyme disease and no complaints of skin fibers.



The fiber group consisted of 122 patients. Significant findings in this group were an association with tick-borne diseases and hypothyroidism, high numbers from two states (Texas and California), high prevalence in middle-aged Caucasian women, and an increased prevalence of smoking and substance abuse. Although depression was noted in 29% of the fiber patients, pre-existing delusional disease was not reported. After adjusting for nonspecific symptoms, the most common symptoms reported in the fiber group were: crawling sensations under the skin; spontaneously appearing, slow-healing lesions; hyperpigmented scars when lesions heal; intense pruritus; seed-like objects, black specks, or "fuzz balls" in lesions or on intact skin; fine, thread-like fibers of varying colors in lesions and intact skin; lesions containing thick, tough, translucent fibers that are highly resistant to extraction; and a sensation of something trying to penetrate the skin from the inside out.



This study of the largest clinical cohort reported to date provides the basis for an accurate and clinically useful case definition for Morgellons disease.
A Novel IoT-aware Smart Parking System based on the integration of RFID and WSN technologies

Enabling a sustainable mobility is one of primary goals of the so-called Smart Cities vision, and in this perspective, the deployment of intelligent parking systems represents a key aspect. This paper presents a novel IoT-aware Smart Parking System based on the jointly use of different technologies, such as RFID, WSN, NFC, and mobile. It is able to collect, in real time, both environmental parameters and information about the occupancy state of parking spaces. To reduce the overall system costs, the possibility to use a solar RFID tag as cars’ detection system has been analyzed. The system allows drivers to reach the nearest vacant parking spot and to pay for the parking fee, by using a customized mobile application. Furthermore, a software application based on RESTful Java and Google Cloud Messaging technologies has been installed on a CS in order to manage alert events. A proof-of-concept has been defined to demonstrate that the proposed solution is able to satisfy real requirements of an innovative Smart Parking System, while preliminary analysis of solar tag usage investigates the feasibility of the proposed detection solution.
Testing the DeLone and McLean Model of IS Success in the User Developed Application Domain

DeLone and McLean’s (1992) model of information systems success has received much attention amongst researchers. This study provides the first empirical test of the entire DeLone and McLean model in the user developed application domain. Overall, the model was not supported by the data. Of the nine hypothesised relationships tested four were found to be significant and the remainder not significant. The model provided strong support for the relationships between perceived system quality and user satisfaction, perceived information quality and user satisfaction, user satisfaction and intended use, and user satisfaction and perceived individual impact.
Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Goal Contents in Self-Determination Theory : Another Look at the Quality of Academic

Examination of motivational dynamics in academic contexts within self-determination theory has centered primarily around both the motives (initially intrinsic vs. extrinsic, later autonomous vs. controlled) that regulate learners’study behavior and the contexts that promote or hinder these regulations. Less attention has been paid to the goal contents (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) that learners hold and to the different goal contents that are communicated in schools to increase the perceived relevance of the learning. Recent field experiments are reviewed showing that intrinsic goal framing (relative to extrinsic goal framing and no-goal framing) produces deeper engagement in learning activities, better conceptual learning, and higher persistence at learning activities. These effects occur for both intrinsically and extrinsically oriented individuals. Results are discussed in terms of self-determination theory’s concept of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
Wafer Resection of the Distal Ulna.

The wafer procedure is an effective treatment for ulnar impaction syndrome, which decompresses the ulnocarpal junction through a limited open or arthroscopic approach. In comparison with other common decompressive procedures, the wafer procedure does not require bone healing or internal fixation and also provides excellent exposure of the proximal surface of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. Results of the wafer procedure have been good and few complications have been reported.
MR Venography for the Assessment of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Lower Extremities with Varicose Veins.

To assess the performance of magnetic resonance venography (MRV) for pelvis and deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities before surgical interventions for varicose veins.



We enrolled 72 patients who underwent MRV and ultrasonography before stripping for varicose veins of lower extremities. All images of the deep venous systems were evaluated by time-of-flight MRV.



Forty-six patients (63.9%) of all were female. Mean age was 65.2 ± 10.2 years (37-81 years). There were forty patients (55.6%) with varicose veins in both legs. Two deep vein thrombosis (2.8%) and three iliac vein thrombosis (4.2%) were diagnosed. All patients without deep vein thrombosis underwent the stripping of saphenous veins, and post-thrombotic change was avoided in all cases.



MRV, without contrast medium, is considered clinically useful for the lower extremity venous system.
Functional Verification of USB Mass Storage

This paper presents a functional verification of USB2.0 Card Reader, which includes verification environment, functional coverage model design and course of debug. This system not only finds bugs in the DUT, but also verifies the compliance between hosts and device. The methods of the verification and coverage model design facilitate the verification of USB Mass Storage project which need to be accelerated into market. The system of verification has advantage of being portable to other USB Mass Storage devices.
Road Extraction by Deep Residual U-Net

Road extraction from aerial images has been a hot research topic in the field of remote sensing image analysis. In this letter, a semantic segmentation neural network, which combines the strengths of residual learning and U-Net, is proposed for road area extraction. The network is built with residual units and has similar architecture to that of U-Net. The benefits of this model are twofold: first, residual units ease training of deep networks. Second, the rich skip connections within the network could facilitate information propagation, allowing us to design networks with fewer parameters, however, better performance. We test our network on a public road data set and compare it with U-Net and other two state-of-the-art deep-learning-based road extraction methods. The proposed approach outperforms all the comparing methods, which demonstrates its superiority over recently developed state of the arts.
CAPACITOR SWITCHING TRANSIENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS ON AN ELECTRICAL UTILITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING SIMULINK SOFTWARE

TRANSIENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS ON AN ELECTRICAL UTILITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING SIMULINK SOFTWARE The quality of electric power has been a constant topic of study, mainly because inherent problems to it can bring great economic losses in industrial processes. Among the factors that affect power quality, those related to transients originated from capacitor bank switching in the primary distribution systems must be highlighted. In this thesis, the characteristics of the transients resulting from the switching of utility capacitor banks are analyzed, as well as factors that influence there intensities. A practical application of synchronous closing to reduce capacitor bank switching transients is presented. A model that represents a real distribution system 12.47kV from Shelbyville sub-station was built and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK software for purposes of this study. A spectral analysis of voltage and current waves is made to extract the acceptable capacitor switching times by observing the transient over-voltages and, harmonic components. An algorithm is developed for practical implementation of zero-crossing technique by taking the results obtained from the SIMULINK model.
A Printed Wide-Slot Antenna With a Modified L-Shaped Microstrip Line for Wideband Applications

A printed wide-slot antenna for wideband applications is proposed and experimentally investigated in this communication. A modified L-shaped microstrip line is used to excite the square slot. It consists of a horizontal line, a square patch, and a vertical line. For comparison, a simple L-shaped feed structure with the same line width is used as a reference geometry. The reference antenna exhibits dual resonance (lower resonant frequency <i>f</i><sub>1</sub>, upper resonant frequency <i>f</i><sub>2</sub>). When the square patch is embedded in the middle of the L-shaped line, <i>f</i><sub>1</sub> decreases, <i>f</i><sub>2</sub> remains unchanged, and a new resonance mode is formed between <i>f</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>f</i><sub>2</sub> . Moreover, if the size of the square patch is increased, an additional (fourth) resonance mode is formed above <i>f</i><sub>2</sub>. Thus, the bandwidth of a slot antenna is easily enhanced. The measured results indicate that this structure possesses a wide impedance bandwidth of 118.4%, which is nearly three times that of the reference antenna. Also, a stable radiation pattern is observed inside the operating bandwidth. The gain variation is found to be less than 1.7 dB.
Exceptionally high payload of doxorubicin in hollow gold nanospheres for near-infrared light-triggered drug release.

We report dual-functional hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNS, approximately 40-nm diameter) capable of mediating both photothermal ablation of cancer cells and drug release upon near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. As high as 63% DOX by weight ( approximately 1.7 microg DOX/microg Au) could be loaded to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated HAuNS since DOX was coated to both the outer and the inner surfaces of HAuNS. Irradiation with NIR laser induced photothermal conversion, which triggered rapid DOX release from DOX-loaded HAuNS. The release of DOX was also pH-dependent, with more DOX released in aqueous solution at lower pH. Significantly greater cell killing was observed when MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with DOX-loaded HAuNS were irradiated with NIR light, attributable to both HAuNS-mediated photothermal ablation and cytotoxicity of released free DOX.
Happiness, income satiation and turning points around the world

Income is known to be associated with happiness 1 , but debates persist about the exact nature of this relationship 2,3 . Does happiness rise indefinitely with income, or is there a point at which higher incomes no longer lead to greater well-being? We examine this question using data from the Gallup World Poll, a representative sample of over 1.7 million individuals worldwide. Controlling for demographic factors, we use spline regression models to statistically identify points of ‘income satiation’. Globally, we find that satiation occurs at $95,000 for life evaluation and $60,000 to $75,000 for emotional well-being. However, there is substantial variation across world regions, with satiation occurring later in wealthier regions. We also find that in certain parts of the world, incomes beyond satiation are associated with lower life evaluations. These findings on income and happiness have practical and theoretical significance at the individual, institutional and national levels. They point to a degree of happiness adaptation 4,5 and that money influences happiness through the fulfilment of both needs and increasing material desires 6 . Jebb et al. use data from the Gallup World Poll to show that happiness does not rise indefinitely with income: globally, income satiation occurs at US$95,000 for life evaluation and US$60,000 to US$75,000 for emotional well-being.
Botulinum toxin as a novel treatment for self-mutilation in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is an X-linked recessive disorder resulting from a deficiency of the metabolic enzyme hypozanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). This syndrome presents with abnormal metabolic and neurological manifestations including hyperuricemia, mental retardation*, spastic cerebral palsy (CP), dystonia, and self-mutilation. The mechanism behind the severe self-mutilating behavior exhibited by patients with LNS is unknown and remains one of the greatest obstacles in providing care to these patients. This report describes a 10-year-old male child with confirmed LNS who was treated for self-mutilation of his hands, tongue, and lips with repeated botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections into the bilateral masseters. Our findings suggest that treatment with BTX-A affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in reduced self-abusive behavior in this patient.
A Novel Cogging Torque Reduction Method for Interior Type Permanent Magnet Motor

This paper presents a novel design method to reduce cogging torque of interior type permanent magnet (IPM) motor. In the design method, the optimal notches are put on the rotor pole face, which have an effect on variation of permanent magnet (PM) shape or residual flux density of PM. Through the space harmonics field analysis, the positions of notches are found and the optimal shapes of notches are determined by using finite element method (FEM). The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments.