nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Feature Selection with Heterogeneous Side Information

Compared to supervised feature selection, unsupervised feature selection tends to be more challenging due to the lack of guidance from class labels. Along with the increasing variety of data sources, many datasets are also equipped with certain side information of heterogeneous structure. Such side information can be critical for feature selection when class labels are unavailable. In this paper, we propose a new feature selection method, SideFS, to exploit such rich side information. We model the complex side information as a heterogeneous network and derive instance correlations to guide subsequent feature selection. Representations are learned from the side information network and the feature selection is performed in a unified framework. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively enhance the quality of selected features by incorporating heterogeneous side information.
On-demand high-capacity ride-sharing via dynamic trip-vehicle assignment

Ride-sharing services are transforming urban mobility by providing timely and convenient transportation to anybody, anywhere, and anytime. These services present enormous potential for positive societal impacts with respect to pollution, energy consumption, congestion, etc. Current mathematical models, however, do not fully address the potential of ride-sharing. Recently, a large-scale study highlighted some of the benefits of car pooling but was limited to static routes with two riders per vehicle (optimally) or three (with heuristics). We present a more general mathematical model for real-time high-capacity ride-sharing that (i) scales to large numbers of passengers and trips and (ii) dynamically generates optimal routes with respect to online demand and vehicle locations. The algorithm starts from a greedy assignment and improves it through a constrained optimization, quickly returning solutions of good quality and converging to the optimal assignment over time. We quantify experimentally the tradeoff between fleet size, capacity, waiting time, travel delay, and operational costs for low- to medium-capacity vehicles, such as taxis and van shuttles. The algorithm is validated with ∼3 million rides extracted from the New York City taxicab public dataset. Our experimental study considers ride-sharing with rider capacity of up to 10 simultaneous passengers per vehicle. The algorithm applies to fleets of autonomous vehicles and also incorporates rebalancing of idling vehicles to areas of high demand. This framework is general and can be used for many real-time multivehicle, multitask assignment problems.
A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice.

The authors propose a justification-suppression model (JSM), which characterizes the processes that lead to prejudice expression and the experience of one's own prejudice. They suggest that "genuine" prejudices are not directly expressed but are restrained by beliefs, values, and norms that suppress them. Prejudices are expressed when justifications (e.g., attributions, ideologies, stereotypes) release suppressed prejudices. The same process accounts for which prejudices are accepted into the self-concept The JSM is used to organize the prejudice literature, and many empirical findings are recharacterized as factors affecting suppression or justification, rather than directly affecting genuine prejudice. The authors discuss the implications of the JSM for several topics, including prejudice measurement, ambivalence, and the distinction between prejudice and its expression.
Electrical resistivity tomography revealing the internal structure of monogenetic volcanoes

Eruptive activity of individual monogenetic volcanoes usually lasts a few days or weeks. However, their short lifetime does not always mean that their dynamics and structure are simple. Monogenetic cones construction is rarely witnessed from the beginning to the end, and conditions for observing their internal structure are hardly reached. We provide high-resolution electrical resistivity sections (10m electrode spacing) of three monogenetic cones from northeastern Spain, comparing our results to geological observations to interpret their underground continuation. The 100m maximum depth of exploration provides information on almost the entire edifices, highlighting the relationships between Strombolian and hydromagmatic deposits in two multiphase edifices. A main observation is a column of distinct resistivity centered on the Puig d’Adri volcano, which we interpret as the eruptive conduit. This method can provide valuable information on the past volcanic dynamics of monogenetic volcanic fields, which has real implications for the forecast of future activity.  Electrical resistivity tomography revealing the internal structure of monogenetic volcanoes,
Gyrolayout: A Hyperbolic Level-of-Detail Tree Layout

Many large datasets can be represented as hierarchical structures, introducing not only the necessity of specialized tree visualization techniques, but also the requirements of handling large amounts of data and offering the user a useful insight into them. Many two-dimensional techniques have been developed, but 3-dimensional ones, together with navigational interactions, present a promising appropriate tool to deal with large trees. In this paper we present a hyperbolic tree layout extended to support different levelof-detail techniques and suitable for large tree representation and visualization. This layout permits the visualization of large trees with different level of detail in an enclosed 3-dimensional volume. As a significant part of the layout, we also present a Weighted Spherical Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation, an extension of planar Weighted Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations, in order to find an appropriate distribution of nodes on a spherical surface.
Coordinative simulation with SUMO and NS3 for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Network) is a special kind of ad hoc network in which each vehicle is regarded as a communication unit, which has attracted lots of attention in recent years. Vehicle's movement is restricted by road and environment in VANET, while traditional random mobility model and way-point mobility model can't reflect the realistic vehicle traces. How to evaluate wireless routing protocol in VANET based on real dynamic vehicle traces? In this paper, we have studied the communication methods between road traffic simulator SUMO(Simulation of Urban Mobility) and network simulator NS3. By establishing a feedback loop between them, we successfully build a coordination protocol to combine the traffic simulation power of SUMO and the network simulation capability of NS3. Finally, we present two scenarios to illustrate how our methods can simulate real VANET environment smoothly.
Improved Sentence Modeling using Suffix Bidirectional LSTM

Recurrent neural networks have become ubiquitous in computing representations of sequential data, especially textual data in natural language processing. In particular, Bidirectional LSTMs are at the heart of several neural models achieving state-of-the-art performance in a wide variety of tasks in NLP. However, BiLSTMs are known to suffer from sequential bias – the contextual representation of a token is heavily influenced by tokens close to it in a sentence. We propose a general and effective improvement to the BiLSTM model which encodes each suffix and prefix of a sequence of tokens in both forward and reverse directions. We call our model Suffix Bidirectional LSTM or SuBiLSTM. This introduces an alternate bias that favors long range dependencies. We apply SuBiLSTMs to several tasks that require sentence modeling. We demonstrate that using SuBiLSTM instead of a BiLSTM in existing models leads to improvements in performance in learning general sentence representations, text classification, textual entailment and paraphrase detection. Using SuBiLSTM we achieve new state-of-the-art results for fine-grained sentiment classification and question classification.
Picture Recommendation System Built on Instagram

In this paper, we propose a picture recommendation system built on Instagram, which facilitates users to query correlated pictures by keying in hashtags or clicking images. Users can access the value-added information (or pictures) on Instagram through the recommendation platform. In addition to collecting available hashtags using the Instagram API, the system also uses the Free Dictionary to build the relationships between all the hashtags in a knowledge base. Thus, two kinds of correlations can be provided for a query in the system; i.e., user-defined correlation and system-defined correlation. Finally, the experimental results show that users have good satisfaction degrees with both user-defined correlation and system-defined correlation methods.
Design of a 4-DOF Robot Manipulator with Optimized Algorithm for Inverse Kinematics

This paper shows in detail the mathematical model of direct and inverse kinematics for a robot manipulator (welding type) with four degrees of freedom. Using the D-H parameters, screw theory, numerical, geometric and interpolation methods, the theoretical and practical values of the position of robot were determined using an optimized algorithm for inverse kinematics obtaining the values of the particular joints in order to determine the virtual paths in a relatively short time.
A Unified Perturbative Dynamics Approach to Online Vehicle Model Identification

The motions of wheeled mobile robots are largely governed by contact forces between the wheels and the terrain. Inasmuch as future wheel-terrain interactions are unpredictable and unobservable, high performance autonomous vehicles must ultimately learn the terrain by feel and extrapolate, just as humans do. We present an approach to the automatic calibration of dynamic models of arbitrary wheeled mobile robots on arbitrary terrain. Inputs beyond our control (disturbances) are assumed to be responsible for observed differences between what the vehicle was initially predicted to do and what it was subsequently observed to do. In departure from much previous work, and in order to directly support adaptive and predictive controllers, we concentrate on the problem of predicting candidate trajectories rather than measuring the current slip. The approach linearizes the nominal vehicle model and then calibrates the perturbative dynamics to explain the observed prediction residuals. Both systematic and stochastic disturbances are used, and we model these disturbances as functions over the terrain, the velocities, and the applied inertial and gravitational forces. In this way, we produce a model which can be used to predict behavior across all of state space for arbitrary terrain geometry. Results demonstrate that the approach converges quickly and produces marked improvements in the prediction of trajectories for multiple vehicle classes throughout the performance envelope of the platform, including during aggressive maneuvering.
Associations between relational sexual behaviour, pornography use, and pornography acceptance among US college students.

Pornography use among emerging adults in the USA has increased in recent decades, as has the acceptance of such consumption. While previous research has linked pornography use to both positive and negative outcomes in emerging adult populations, few studies have investigated how attitudes toward pornography may alter these associations, or how examining pornography use together with other sexual behaviours may offer unique insights into the outcomes associated with pornography use. Using a sample of 792 emerging adults, the present study explored how the combined examination of pornography use, acceptance, and sexual behaviour within a relationship might offer insight into emerging adults' development. Results suggested clear gender differences in both pornography use and acceptance patterns. High male pornography use tended to be associated with high engagement in sex within a relationship and was associated with elevated risk-taking behaviours. High female pornography use was not associated with engagement in sexual behaviours within a relationship and was general associated with negative mental health outcomes.
Discrete-Time Rewards Model-Checked

This paper presents a model-checking approach for analyzing discrete-time Markov reward models. For this purpose, the temporal logic probabilistic CTL is extended with reward constraints. This allows to formulate complex measures – involving expected as well as accumulated rewards – in a precise and succinct way. Algorithms to efficiently analyze such formulae are introduced. The approach is illustrated by model-checking a probabilistic cost model of the IPv4 zeroconf protocol for distributed address assignment in ad-hoc networks.
Exploiting addition schemes for the improvement of optimized radix-2 and radix-4 fft butterflies

In FFT computation, the butterflies play a central role, since they allow the calculation of complex terms. Therefore, the optimization of the butterfly can contribute for the power reduction in FFT architectures. In this paper we exploit different addition schemes in order to improve the efficiency of 16 bit-width radix-2 and radix-4 FFT butterflies. Combinations of simultaneous addition of three and seven operands are inserted in the structures of the butterflies in order to produce power-efficient structures. The used additions schemes include Carry Save Adder (CSA), and adder compressors. The radix-2 and radix-4 butterflies were implemented in hardware description language and synthesized to 45nm Nangate Open Cell Library using Cadence RTL Compiler. The main results show that both radix-2 and radix-4 butterflies, with CSA, are more efficient when compared with the same structures with other adder circuits.
A Compact Broadband Water Patch Antenna

A novel compact broadband water dense patch antenna with relatively thick air layer is introduced. The distilled water with high permittivity is located on the top of the low-loss, low-permittivity supporting substrate to provide an electric wall boundary. The dense water patch antenna is excited with cavity mode, reducing the impact of dielectric loss of the water on the antenna efficiency. The designs of loading the distilled water and T-shaped shorting sheet are applied for size reduction. The wide bandwidth is attributed to the coupling L-shaped probe, proper size of the coupled T-shaped shorting sheet, and thick air layer. As a result, the dimensions of the water patch are only 0.146 λ0 × 0.078 λ0 × 0.056 λ0. The proposed antenna has a high radiation up to 70% over the lower frequency band of 4G mobile communication from 690 to 960 MHz. Good agreements are achieved between the measured results and the simulated results.
Hydrodynamics of Foaming Systems in Packed Towers

Foaming can be a serious problem in the process industry. For packed columns foaming is often reported for treatments of sour gases with alkaline solutions (e.g. amine scrubbing), but also for distillation and extractive distillation. Existing hydrodynamic prediction methods for pressure drop and flood points, but also for mass transfer efficiencies, do not consider foaminess. To build an experimental data base for modifications of the above mentioned models, this work systematically conducts experimental investigations on the influence of foaminess, geometry and flow conditions on the hydrodynamic behavior in packed towers. The aim of this study is to provide a database for the correlation of the foaminess of a solution determined in a test cell to its hydrodynamic behavior in the packed column with different geometries to enhance the predictivity of hydrodynamic and mass-transfer models. The experimental results show that existing empirical system factors developed for tray columns fail to predict the decreased loading capacity of the packings for the model solution. Whereas in non-foaming solutions flooding is especially sensitive to the gas load, for foaming solutions the capacity is strongly decreased also at high liquid loads. The influence of the geometry of the packing on the generation of foam is substantial. The contribution shows novel experimental results of foaming solutions in packed towers. These include the substantially by foaminess altered loading diagrams and different phenomena in the column. In addition different column internals are compared and design suggestions are given.
Non-linear optical microscopy as a novel quantitative and label-free imaging modality to improve the assessment of tissue-engineered cartilage.

Current systems to evaluate outcomes from tissue-engineered cartilage (TEC) are sub-optimal. The main purpose of our study was to demonstrate the use of second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy as a novel quantitative approach to assess collagen deposition in laboratory made cartilage constructs.



Scaffold-free cartilage constructs were obtained by condensation of in vitro expanded Hoffa's fat pad derived stromal cells (HFPSCs), incubated in the presence or absence of chondrogenic growth factors (GF) during a period of 21 d. Cartilage-like features in constructs were assessed by Alcian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SHG and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. A new scoring system, using second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) index for collagen density and distribution, was adapted to the existing "Bern score" in order to evaluate in vitro TEC.



Spheroids with GF gave a relative high Bern score value due to appropriate cell morphology, cell density, tissue-like features and proteoglycan content, whereas spheroids without GF did not. However, both TEM and SHGM revealed striking differences between the collagen framework in the spheroids and native cartilage. Spheroids required a four-fold increase in laser power to visualize the collagen matrix by SHGM compared to native cartilage. Additionally, collagen distribution, determined as the area of tissue generating SHG signal, was higher in spheroids with GF than without GF, but lower than in native cartilage.



SHG represents a reliable quantitative approach to assess collagen deposition in laboratory engineered cartilage, and may be applied to improve currently established scoring systems.
Animal cloning applications and issues

Significant progress in the field of biotechnology has allowed for the use of cloning in animals which is being used: to improve genetic makeup, to rescue endangered species, in tissue engineering and to increase farm animal population. Unfortunately, cloning has been met with failure due to a variety of reasons namely early and late abortions, compromised immune systems, circulatory and respiratory problems and a high rate of fetal death. The reasons of these problems are unknown, but may research groups are attempting to understand the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in cloning efficiency. Atypical epigenetic re-programming appears to be the primary cause of ineffective cloning. Understanding molecular mechanisms involving key regulatory proteins is pivotal in the success of animal cloning. This review shows the current paradigm involving animal cloning efficiency, and also further elucidates applications to improve animal cloning efficiency.
Comparison of Beta-value and M-value methods for quantifying methylation levels by microarray analysis

High-throughput profiling of DNA methylation status of CpG islands is crucial to understand the epigenetic regulation of genes. The microarray-based Infinium methylation assay by Illumina is one platform for low-cost high-throughput methylation profiling. Both Beta-value and M-value statistics have been used as metrics to measure methylation levels. However, there are no detailed studies of their relations and their strengths and limitations. We demonstrate that the relationship between the Beta-value and M-value methods is a Logit transformation, and show that the Beta-value method has severe heteroscedasticity for highly methylated or unmethylated CpG sites. In order to evaluate the performance of the Beta-value and M-value methods for identifying differentially methylated CpG sites, we designed a methylation titration experiment. The evaluation results show that the M-value method provides much better performance in terms of Detection Rate (DR) and True Positive Rate (TPR) for both highly methylated and unmethylated CpG sites. Imposing a minimum threshold of difference can improve the performance of the M-value method but not the Beta-value method. We also provide guidance for how to select the threshold of methylation differences. The Beta-value has a more intuitive biological interpretation, but the M-value is more statistically valid for the differential analysis of methylation levels. Therefore, we recommend using the M-value method for conducting differential methylation analysis and including the Beta-value statistics when reporting the results to investigators.
GRAM: global research activity map

The Global Research Activity Map (GRAM) is an interactive web-based system for visualizing and analyzing worldwide scholarship activity as represented by research topics. The underlying data for GRAM is obtained from Google Scholar academic research profiles and is used to create a weighted topic graph. Nodes correspond to self-reported research topics and edges indicate co-occurring topics in the profiles. The GRAM system supports map-based interactive features, including semantic zooming, panning, and searching. Map overlays can be used to compare human resource investment, displayed as the relative number of active researchers in particular topic areas, as well scholarly output in terms of citations and normalized citation counts. Evaluation of the GRAM system, with the help of university research management stakeholders, reveals interesting patterns in research investment and output for universities across the world (USA, Europe, Asia) and for different types of universities. While some of these patterns are expected, others are surprising. Overall, GRAM can be a useful tool to visualize human resource investment and research productivity in comparison to peers at a local, regional and global scale. Such information is needed by university administrators to identify institutional strengths and weaknesses and to make strategic data-driven decisions.
A 0.47–0.66 pJ/bit, 4.8–8 Gb/s I/O Transceiver in 65 nm CMOS

A low-power forwarded-clock I/O transceiver architecture is presented that employs a high degree of output/input multiplexing, supply-voltage scaling with data rate, and low-voltage circuit techniques to enable low-power operation. The transmitter utilizes a 4:1 output multiplexing voltage-mode driver along with 4-phase clocking that is efficiently generated from a passive poly-phase filter. The output driver voltage swing is accurately controlled from 100–200 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm mV}_{\rm ppd}$</tex></formula> using a low-voltage pseudo-differential regulator that employs a partial negative-resistance load for improved low frequency gain. 1:8 input de-multiplexing is performed at the receiver equalizer output with 8 parallel input samplers clocked from an 8-phase injection-locked oscillator that provides more than 1UI de-skew range. In the transmitter clocking circuitry, per-phase duty-cycle and phase-spacing adjustment is implemented to allow adequate timing margins at low operating voltages. Fabricated in a general purpose 65 nm CMOS process, the transceiver achieves 4.8–8 Gb/s at 0.47–0.66 pJ/b energy efficiency for <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm V}_{\rm DD}=0.6$</tex></formula>–0.8 V.