nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Search of Meet-in-the-Middle and Impossible Differential Attacks

Tracking bits through block ciphers and optimizing attacks at hand is one of the tedious task symmetric cryptanalysts have to deal with. It would be nice if a program will automatically handle them at least for well-known attack techniques, so that cryptanalysts will only focus on nding new attacks. However, current automatic tools cannot be used as is, either because they are tailored for speci c ciphers or because they only recover a speci c part of the attacks and cryptographers are still needed to nalize the analysis. In this paper we describe a generic algorithm exhausting the best meetin-the-middle and impossible di erential attacks on a very large class of block ciphers from byte to bit-oriented, SPN, Feistel and Lai-Massey block ciphers. Contrary to previous tools that target to nd the best di erential / linear paths in the cipher and leave the cryptanalysts to nd the attack using these paths, we automatically nd the best attacks by considering the cipher and the key schedule algorithms. The building blocks of our algorithm led to two algorithms designed to nd the best simple meet-in-the-middle attacks and the best impossible truncated differential attacks respectively. We recover and improve many attacks on AES, mCRYPTON, SIMON, IDEA, KTANTAN, PRINCE and ZORRO. We show that this tool can be used by designers to improve their analysis.
Spying on the Smart Home: Privacy Attacks and Defenses on Encrypted IoT Traffic

The growing market for smart home IoT devices promises new conveniences for consumers while presenting new challenges for preserving privacy within the home. Many smart home devices have always-on sensors that capture users’ offline activities in their living spaces and transmit information about these activities on the Internet. In this paper, we demonstrate that an ISP or other network observer can infer privacy sensitive in-home activities by analyzing Internet traffic from smart homes containing commercially-available IoT devices even when the devices use encryption. We evaluate several strategies for mitigating the privacy risks associated with smart home device traffic, including blocking, tunneling, and rate-shaping. Our experiments show that traffic shaping can effectively and practically mitigate many privacy risks associated with smart home IoT devices. We find that 40KB/s extra bandwidth usage is enough to protect user activities from a passive network adversary. This bandwidth cost is well within the Internet speed limits and data caps for many smart homes.
Decoupled Simulation in Virtual Reality with the MR Toolkit

The Virtual Reality (VR) user interface style allows natural hand and body motions to manipulate virtual objects in 3D environments using one or more 3D input devices. This style is best suited to application areas where traditional two-dimensional styles fall short, such as scienti c visualization, architectural visualization, and remote manipulation. Currently, the programming e ort required to produce a VR application is too large, and many pitfalls must be avoided in the creation of successful VR programs. In this paper we describe the Decoupled Simulation Model for creating successful VR applications, and a software system that embodies this model. The MR Toolkit simpli es the development of VR applications by providing standard facilities required by a wide range of VR user interfaces. These facilities include support for distributed computing, head-mounted displays, room geometry management, performance monitoring, hand input devices, and sound feedback. The MR Toolkit encourages programmers to structure their applications to take advantage of the distributed computing capabilities of workstation networks improving the application's performance. In this paper, the motivations and the architecture of the toolkit are outlined, the programmer's view is described, and a simple application is brie y described.
Deep Symbolic Representation Learning for Heterogeneous Time-series Classification

In this paper, we consider the problem of event classification with multi-variate time series data consisting of heterogeneous (continuous and categorical) variables. The complex temporal dependencies between the variables combined with sparsity of the data makes the event classification problem particularly challenging. Most state-of-art approaches address this either by designing hand-engineered features or breaking up the problem over homogeneous variates. In this work, we propose and compare three representation learning algorithms over symbolized sequences which enables classification of heterogeneous time-series data using a deep architecture. The proposed representations are trained jointly along with the rest of the network architecture in an end-to-end fashion that makes the learned features discriminative for the given task. Experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Static Handwritten Signature Recognition Using Discrete Random Transform and Combined Projection Based Technique

In this paper, we proposed Discrete Radon Transform (DRT) technique for feature extraction of static signature recognition to identify forgeries. Median filter has been introduced for noise cancellation of handwritten signature. This paper describes static signature verification techniques where signature samples of each person was collected and cropped by automatic cropping system. Projection based global features are extracted like Horizontal, Vertical and combination of both the projections, these all are one dimensional feature vectors to recognize the handwritten static signature. The distance between two corresponding vectors can be measured with Dynamic Time Warping algorithm (DTW) and using only six genuine signatures samples of each person has been employed here in order to train our system. In the proposed system process time required for training our system for each person is between 1.5 to 4.2 seconds and requires less memory for storage. The optimal performance of the system was found using proposed technique for Combined projection features and it gives FAR of 5.60%, FRR of 8.49% and EER 7.60%, which illustrates such new approach to be quite effective and reliable.
A principle of economy predicts the functional architecture of grid cells

Grid cells in the brain respond when an animal occupies a periodic lattice of 'grid fields' during navigation. Grids are organized in modules with different periodicity. We propose that the grid system implements a hierarchical code for space that economizes the number of neurons required to encode location with a given resolution across a range equal to the largest period. This theory predicts that (i) grid fields should lie on a triangular lattice, (ii) grid scales should follow a geometric progression, (iii) the ratio between adjacent grid scales should be √e for idealized neurons, and lie between 1.4 and 1.7 for realistic neurons, (iv) the scale ratio should vary modestly within and between animals. These results explain the measured grid structure in rodents. We also predict optimal organization in one and three dimensions, the number of modules, and, with added assumptions, the ratio between grid periods and field widths.
From Shapeshifter to Lava Monster : Gender Stereotypes in Disney ’ s Moana

Moana (2016) continues a tradition of Disney princess movies that perpetuate gender stereotypes. The movie contains the usual Electral undercurrent, with Moana seeking to prove her independence to her overprotective father. Moana’s partner in her adventures, Maui, is overtly hypermasculine, a trait epitomized by a phallic fishhook that is critical to his identity. Maui’s struggles with shapeshifting also reflect male anxieties about performing masculinity. Maui violates the Mother Island, first by entering her cave and then by using his fishhook to rob her of her fertility. The repercussions of this act are the basis of the plot: the Mother Island abandons her form as a nurturing, youthful female (Te Fiti) focused on creation to become a vengeful lava monster (Te Kā). At the end, Moana successfully urges Te Kā to get in touch with her true self, a brave but simple act that is sufficient to bring back Te Fiti, a passive, smiling green goddess. The association of youthful, fertile females with good and witch-like infertile females with evil implies that women’s worth and well-being are dependent upon their procreative function. Stereotypical gender tropes that also include female abuse of power and a narrow conception of masculinity merit analysis in order to further progress in recognizing and addressing patterns of gender hegemony in popular Disney films.
Breaking for commercials: characterizing mobile advertising

Mobile phones and tablets can be considered as the first incarnation of the post-PC era. Their explosive adoption rate has been driven by a number of factors, with the most signifcant influence being applications (apps) and app markets. Individuals and organizations are able to develop and publish apps, and the most popular form of monetization is mobile advertising.
 The mobile advertisement (ad) ecosystem has been the target of prior research, but these works typically focused on a small set of apps or are from a user privacy perspective. In this work we make use of a unique, anonymized data set corresponding to one day of traffic for a major European mobile carrier with more than 3 million subscribers. We further take a principled approach to characterize mobile ad traffic along a number of dimensions, such as overall traffic, frequency, as well as possible implications in terms of energy on a mobile device.
 Our analysis demonstrates a number of inefficiencies in today's ad delivery. We discuss the benefits of well-known techniques, such as pre-fetching and caching, to limit the energy and network signalling overhead caused by current systems. A prototype implementation on Android devices demonstrates an improvement of 50 % in terms of energy consumption for offline ad-sponsored apps while limiting the amount of ad related traffic.
A CMOS Wideband Current-Mode Digital Polar Power Amplifier With Built-In AM–PM Distortion Self-Compensation

This paper presents a fully integrated wideband current-mode digital polar power amplifier (DPA) in CMOS with built-in AM–PM distortion self-compensation. Feedforward capacitors are implemented in each differential cascode digital power cell. These feedforward capacitors operate together with a proposed DPA biasing scheme to minimize the DPA output device capacitance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variations over a wide output power range and a wide carrier frequency bandwidth, resulting in DPA AM–PM distortion reduction. A three-coil transformer-based DPA output passive network is implemented within a single transformer footprint (330 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m} \,\, \times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 330 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and provides parallel power combining and load impedance transformation with a low loss, an octave bandwidth, and a large impedance transformation ratio. Moreover, this proposed power amplifier (PA) output passive network shows a desensitized phase response to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variations and further suppresses the DPA AM–PM distortion. Both proposed AM–PM distortion self-compensation techniques are effective for a large carrier frequency range and a wide modulation bandwidth, and are independent of the DPA AM control codes. This results in a superior inherent DPA phase linearity and reduces or even eliminates the need for phase pre-distortion, which dramatically simplifies the DPA pre-distortion computations. As a proof-of-concept, a 2–4.3 GHz wideband DPA is implemented in a standard 28-nm bulk CMOS process. Operating with a low supply voltage of 1.4 V for enhanced reliability, the DPA demonstrates ±0.5 dB PA output power bandwidth from 2 to 4.3 GHz with +24.9 dBm peak output power at 3.1 GHz. The measured peak PA drain efficiency is 42.7% at 2.5 GHz and is more than 27% from 2 to 4.3 GHz. The measured PA AM–PM distortion is within 6.8° at 2.8 GHz over the PA output power dynamic range of 25 dB, achieving the lowest AM–PM distortion among recently reported current-mode DPAs in the same frequency range. Without any phase pre-distortion, modulation measurements with a 20-MHz 802.11n standard compliant signal demonstrate 2.95% rms error vector magnitude, −33.5 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio, 15.6% PA drain efficiency, and +14.6 dBm PA average output power at 2.8 GHz.
A new high efficient transformerless inverter for single phase grid-tied photovoltaic system with reactive power control

There has been an increasing interest in transformerless inverter for grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) system due to low cost, high efficiency, less weight, etc. Therefore, many transformerless topologies have been proposed and verified with real power injection only. Recently, almost every international regulation has imposed that a definite amount of reactive power should be handled by the grid-tied PV inverter. According to the standard VDE-AR-N 4105, grid-tied PV inverter of power rating below 3.68kVA, should attain power factor (PF) from 0.95 leading to 0.95 lagging. In this paper, a new high efficient transformerless topology is proposed for grid-tied PV system. The new topology structure and detail operation principle with reactive power flow is described. The proposed circuit structure does not lead itself to the reverse recovery issues which allow utilizing MOSFET switches to increase the overall efficiency. Finally, to validate the proposed topology, a 1kW laboratory prototype is built and tested. The experimental results show that the proposed topology can inject reactive power into utility grid without any additional current distortion and leakage current. The maximum efficiency and European efficiency of the proposed topology is measured and found to be 98.54% and 98.27%, respectively.
A Review of Audio Features and Statistical Models Exploited for Voice Pattern Design

Audio fingerprinting, also named as audio hashing, has been well-known as a powerful technique to perform audio identification and synchronization. It basically involves two major steps: fingerprint (voice pattern) design and matching search. While the first step concerns the derivation of a robust and compact audio signature, the second step usually requires knowledge about database and quick-search algorithms. Though this technique offers a wide range of real-world applications, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a comprehensive survey of existing algorithms appeared more than eight years ago. Thus, in this paper, we present a more up-to-date review and, for emphasizing on the audio signal processing aspect, we focus our state-of-the-art survey on the fingerprint design step for which various audio features and their tractable statistical models are discussed. Voice pattern; audio identification and synchronization; spectral features; statistical models.
Linearization of the bradford protein assay.

Determination of microgram quantities of protein in the Bradford Coomassie brilliant blue assay is accomplished by measurement of absorbance at 590 nm. This most common assay enables rapid and simple protein quantification in cell lysates, cellular fractions, or recombinant protein samples, for the purpose of normalization of biochemical measurements. However, an intrinsic nonlinearity compromises the sensitivity and accuracy of this method. It is shown that under standard assay conditions, the ratio of the absorbance measurements at 590 nm and 450 nm is strictly linear with protein concentration. This simple procedure increases the accuracy and improves the sensitivity of the assay about 10-fold, permitting quantification down to 50 ng of bovine serum albumin. Furthermore, the interference commonly introduced by detergents that are used to create the cell lysates is greatly reduced by the new protocol. A linear equation developed on the basis of mass action and Beer's law perfectly fits the experimental data.
Coagulation of a giant hemangioma in glans penis with holmium laser.

A 21-year-old man presented with an enlarged giant hemangioma on glans penis which also causes an erectile dysfunction (ED) that partially responded to the intracavernous injection stimulation test. Although the findings in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated a glandular hemangioma, penile colored Doppler ultrasound revealed an invaded cavernausal hemangioma to the glans. Surgical excision was avoided according to the broad extension of the gland lesion. Holmium laser coagulation was applied to the lesion due to the cosmetically concerns. However, the cosmetic results after holmium laser application was not impressive as expected without an improvement in intracavernous injection stimulation test. In conclusion, holmium laser application should not be used to the hemangiomas of glans penis related to the corpus cavernosum, but further studies are needed to reveal the effects of holmium laser application in small hemangiomas restricted to the glans penis.
Prototype implementation of ambient RF energy harvesting wireless sensor networks

Energy harvesting is a key technique that can be used to overcome the barriers that prevent the real world deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In particular, solar energy harvesting has been commonly used to overcome this barrier. However, it should be noted that WSNs operating on solar power suffer form energy shortage during nighttimes. Therefore, to solve this problem, we exploit the use of TV broadcasts airwaves as energy sources to power wireless sensor nodes. We measured the output of a rectenna continuously for 7 days; from the results of this measurement, we showed that Radio Frequency (RF) energy can always be harvested. We developed an RF energy harvesting WSN prototype to show the effectiveness of RF energy harvesting for the usage of a WSN. We also proposed a duty cycle determination method for our system, and verified the validity of this method by implementing our system. This RF energy harvesting method is effective in a long period measurement application that do not require high power consumption.
Stability of cytotoxic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone conjugate (AN-152) containing doxorubicin 14-O-hemiglutarate in mouse and human serum in vitro: implications for the design of preclinical studies.

Recently, we developed a series of cytotoxic peptide conjugates containing 14-O-glutaryl esters of doxorubicin (DOX) or 2-pyrrolino-DOX (AN-201). Serum carboxylesterase enzymes (CE) can partially hydrolyze these conjugates in the circulation, releasing the cytotoxic radical, before the targeting is complete. CE activity in serum of nude mice is about 10 times higher than in human serum. Thus, we found that the t(1/2) of AN-152, an analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) containing DOX, at 0.3 mg/ml is 19. 49 +/- 0.74 min in mouse serum and 126.06 +/- 3.03 min in human serum in vitro. The addition of a CE inhibitor, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), to mouse serum in vitro significantly (P < 0. 01) prolongs the t(1/2) of AN-152 to 69.63 +/- 4.44 min. When DFP is used in vivo, 400 nmol/kg cytotoxic somatostatin analog AN-238 containing AN-201 is well tolerated by mice, whereas all animals die after the same dose without DFP. In contrast, DFP has no effect on the tolerance of AN-201. A better tolerance to AN-238 after DFP treatment is due to the selective uptake of AN-238 by somatostatin receptor-positive tissues. Our results demonstrate that the suppression of the CE activity in nude mice greatly decreases the toxicity of cytotoxic hybrids containing 2-pyrrolino-DOX 14-O-hemiglutarate and brings this animal model closer to the conditions that exist in humans. The use of DFP together with these peptide conjugates in nude mice permits a better understanding of their mechanism of action and improves the clinical predictability of the oncological and toxicological results.
Tyrosine- and tryptophan-coated gold nanoparticles inhibit amyloid aggregation of insulin

Here, we have strategically synthesized stable gold (AuNPsTyr, AuNPsTrp) and silver (AgNPsTyr) nanoparticles which are surface functionalized with either tyrosine or tryptophan residues and have examined their potential to inhibit amyloid aggregation of insulin. Inhibition of both spontaneous and seed-induced aggregation of insulin was observed in the presence of AuNPsTyr, AgNPsTyr, and AuNPsTrp nanoparticles. These nanoparticles also triggered the disassembly of insulin amyloid fibrils. Surface functionalization of amino acids appears to be important for the inhibition effect since isolated tryptophan and tyrosine molecules did not prevent insulin aggregation. Bioinformatics analysis predicts involvement of tyrosine in H-bonding interactions mediated by its C=O, –NH2, and aromatic moiety. These results offer significant opportunities for developing nanoparticle-based therapeutics against diseases related to protein aggregation.
A Relation Between Pointwise Convergence of Functions and Convergence of Functionals Author ( s ) :

We show that if (J,,} is a sequence of uniformly LI-bounded functions on a measure space, and if.f, -fpointwise a.e., then lim,,_(I{lf,, 1 -IIf,, fII) If I,' for all 0 < p < oc. This result is also generalized in Theorem 2 to some functionals other than the L P norm, namely I. /( J,, -(f, f) f ) -1 0 for suitablej: C -C and a suitable sequence (fJ}. A brief discussion is given of the usefulness of this result in variational problems.