nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Pain and the dying process: nurses’ perspectives using the creative and sensible method

to describe the possibilities of nursing care for the terminally ill oncology patient from the perspective of the nursing team.  This is a descriptive, exploratory study, using a qualitative approach. To gather the data, we used the creative and sensible method, through a group dynamic called Almanac. The data obtained was later analyzed based on French discourse analysis theory.  The discourses of the nursing professionals point to a preoccupation with pain management and the comfort of the terminally ill oncology patient, proposing the adoption of pharmaceutical therapy, as well as recreational activities and multidisciplinary actions to minimize the pain.  Based on the nurses’ perspectives of pain management, solidarity and sensibility are demonstrated to be motivational elements for professionals, in order to find strategies that enable some quality in the dying process.  We are able to foresee the possibility of providing a dignified death for people diagnosed with a neoplastic illness who do not have any chance of survival, even though sometimes the nurses are faced with limitations in how to approach the ideal holistic healthcare.
On the Design of Multiuser Codebooks for Uplink SCMA Systems

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a promising uplink multiple access technique that can achieve superior spectral efficiency, provided that multidimensional codebooks are carefully designed. In this letter, we investigate the multiuser codebook design for SCMA systems over Rayleigh fading channels. The criterion of the proposed design is derived from the cutoff rate analysis of the equivalent multiple-input multiple-output system. Furthermore, new codebooks with signal-space diversity are suggested, while simulations show that this criterion is efficient in developing codebooks with substantial performance improvement, compared with the existing ones.
A comprehensive approach to horizontal class fragmentation in a Distributed Object Based System

Optimal application performance on a Distributed Object Based System (DOBS) requires class fragmentation and the development of allocation schemes to place fragments at distributed sites so data transfer is minimized. Fragmentation enhances application performance by reducing the amount of irrelevant data accessed and the amount of data transferred unnecessarily between distributed sites. Algorithms for effecting horizontal and vertical fragmentation ofrelations exist, but fragmentation techniques for class objects in a distributed object based system are yet to appear in the literature. This paper first reviews a taxonomy of the fragmentation problem in a distributed object base. The paper then contributes by presenting a comprehensive set of algorithms for horizontally fragmenting the four realizable class models on the taxonomy. The fundamental approach is top-down, where the entity of fragmentation is the class object. Our approach consists of first generating primary horizontal fragments of a class based on only applications accessing this class, and secondly generating derived horizontal fragments of the class arising from primary fragments of its subclasses, its complex attributes (contained classes), and/or its complex methods classes. Finally, we combine the sets of primary and derived fragments of each class to produce the best possible fragments. Thus, these algorithms account for inheritance and class composition hierarchies as well as method nesting among objects, and are shown to be polynomial time.
The feasibility of triple-drug chemotherapy combination in older adult patients with oesophagogastric cancer: a randomised trial of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (FLOT65+).

We evaluated the feasibility and tolerability of triple- versus double-drug chemotherapy in elderly patients with oesophagogastric cancer.



Patients aged 65 years or older with locally advanced or metastatic oesophagogastric cancer were stratified and randomised to infusional 5-FU, leucovorin and oxaliplatin without (FLO) or with docetaxel 50 mg/m(2) (FLOT) every 2 weeks. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT00737373.



One hundred and forty three (FLO, 71; FLOT, 72) patients with a median age of 70 years were enrolled. The triple combination was associated with more treatment-related National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) grade 3/4 adverse events (FLOT, 81.9%; FLO, 38.6%; P<.001) and more patients experiencing a ≥10-points deterioration of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life (EORTC QoL) global health status scores (FLOT, 47.5%; FLO 20.5%; p=.011). The triple combination was associated with more alopecia (P<.001), neutropenia (P<.001), leukopenia (P<.001), diarrhoea (P=.006) and nausea (P=.029).). No differences were observed in treatment duration and discontinuation due to toxicity, cumulative doses or toxic deaths between arms. The triple combination improved response rates and progression-free survival in the locally advanced subgroup and in the subgroup of patients aged between 65 and 70 years but not in the metastatic group or in patients aged 70 years and older.



The triple-drug chemotherapy was feasible in elderly patients with oesophagogastric cancer. However, toxicity was significantly increased and QoL deteriorated in a relevant proportion of patients.



The study was partially funded by Sanofi-Aventis.
Myricetin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells

Myricetin is a flavonoid that is abundant in fruits and vegetables and has protective effects against cancer and diabetes. However, the mechanism of action of myricetin against gastric cancer (GC) is not fully understood. We researched myricetin on the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle in GC HGC-27 and SGC7901 cells, to explore the underlying mechanism of action. Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay, Western blotting, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis assay were used to evaluate the effects of myricetin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle. To analyze the binding properties of ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) with myricetin, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis was performed. CCK8 assay showed that myricetin inhibited GC cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis showed that myricetin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in GC cells. Western blotting indicated that myricetin influenced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of GC cells by regulating related proteins. SPR analysis showed strong binding affinity of RSK2 and myricetin. Myricetin bound to RSK2, leading to increased expression of Mad1, and contributed to inhibition of HGC-27 and SGC7901 cell proliferation. Our results suggest the therapeutic potential of myricetin in GC.
Effects of gait speed on the body's center of mass motion relative to the center of pressure during over-ground walking.

Preferred walking speed (PWS) reflects the integrated performance of the relevant physiological sub-systems, including energy expenditure. It remains unclear whether the PWS during over-ground walking is chosen to optimize one's balance control because studies on the effects of speed on the body's balance control have been limited. The current study aimed to bridge the gap by quantifying the effects of the walking speed on the body's center of mass (COM) motion relative to the center of pressure (COP) in terms of the changes and directness of the COM-COP inclination angle (IA) and its rate of change (RCIA). Data of the COM and COP were measured from fifteen young healthy males at three walking speeds including PWS using a motion capture system. The values of IAs and RCIAs at key gait events and their average values over gait phases were compared between speeds using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. With increasing walking speed, most of the IA and RCIA related variables were significantly increased (p<0.05) but not for those of the frontal IA. Significant quadratic trends (p<0.05) with highest directness at PWS were found in IA during single-limb support, and in RCIA during single-limb and double-limb support. The results suggest that walking at PWS corresponded to the COM-COP control maximizing the directness of the RCIAs over the gait cycle, a compromise between the effects of walking speed and the speed of weight transfer. The data of IA and RCIA at PWS may be used in future assessment of balance control ability in people with different levels of balance impairments.
Impact of DNA mismatch repair system alterations on human fertility and related treatments

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is one of the biological pathways, which plays a critical role in DNA homeostasis, primarily by repairing base-pair mismatches and insertion/deletion loops that occur during DNA replication. MMR also takes part in other metabolic pathways and regulates cell cycle arrest. Defects in MMR are associated with genomic instability, predisposition to certain types of cancers and resistance to certain therapeutic drugs. Moreover, genetic and epigenetic alterations in the MMR system demonstrate a significant relationship with human fertility and related treatments, which helps us to understand the etiology and susceptibility of human infertility. Alterations in the MMR system may also influence the health of offspring conceived by assisted reproductive technology in humans. However, further studies are needed to explore the specific mechanisms by which the MMR system may affect human infertility. This review addresses the physiological mechanisms of the MMR system and associations between alterations of the MMR system and human fertility and related treatments, and potential effects on the next generation. 简要概括DNA 损伤修复系统在人体中的作用和机制,
Laius: An 8-Bit Fixed-Point CNN Hardware Inference Engine

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is one of the most effective neural network model for many classification tasks, such as voice recognition, computer vision and biological information processing. Unfortunately, Computation of CNN is both memory-intensive and computation-intensive, which brings a huge challenge to the design of the hardware accelerators. A large number of hardware accelerators for CNN inference are designed by the industry and the academia. Most of the engines are based on 32-bit floating point matrix multiplication, where the data precision is over-provisioned for inference job and the hardware cost are too high. In this paper, a 8-bit fixed-point LeNet inference engine (Laius) is designed and implemented on FPGA. In order to reduce the consumption of FPGA resource, we proposed a methodology to find the optimal bit-length for weight and bias in LeNet, which results in using 8-bit fixed point for most of the computation and using 16-bit fixed point for other computation. The PE (Processing Element) design is proposed. Pipelining and PE tiling technique is use to improve the performance of the inference engine. By theoretical analysis, we came to the conclusion that DSP resource in FPGA is the most critical resource, it should be carefully used during the design process. We implement the inference engine on Xilinx 485t FPGA. Experiment result shows that the designed LeNet inference engine can achieve 44.9 Gops throughput with 8-bit fixed-point operation after pipelining. Moreover, with only 1% loss of accuracy, the 8-bit fixed-point engine largely reduce 31.43% in latency, 87.01% in LUT consumption, 66.50% in BRAM consumption, 65.11% in DSP consumption and 47.95% reduction in power compared to a 32-bit fixed-point inference engine with the same structure.
Gender identity development in adolescence

This article is part of a Special Issue "Puberty and Adolescence".This article aims to provide an outline of what is currently known on trajectories, and contributing factors to gender identity development in adolescence. We give a historical overview of the concept of gender identity, and describe general identity development in adolescence, gender identity development in the general population and in gender variant youth. Possible psychosocial (such as child and parental characteristics) and biological factors (such as the effects of prenatal exposure to gonadal hormones and the role of genetics) contributing to a gender variant identity are discussed. Studies focusing on a number of psychosocial and biological factors separately, indicate that each of these factors influence gender identity formation, but little is known about the complex interplay between the factors, nor about the way individuals themselves contribute to the process. Research into normative and gender variant identity development of adolescents is clearly lagging behind. However, studies on persons with gender dysphoria and disorders of sex development, show that the period of adolescence, with its changing social environment and the onset of physical puberty, seems to be crucial for the development of a non-normative gender identity.
Secure Session Mobility using Hierarchical Authentication Key Management in Next Generation Networks

In this paper we propose a novel authentication mechanism for session mobility in Next Generation Networks named as Hierarchical Authentication Key Management (HAKM). The design objectives of HAKM are twofold: i) to minimize the authentication latency in NGNs; ii) to provide protection against an assortment of attacks such as denial-of-service attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, guessing attacks, and capturing node attacks. In order to achieve these objectives, we combine Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) with Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) to perform local authentication for session mobility. The concept of group keys and pairwise keys with one way hash function is employed to make HAKM vigorous against the aforesaid attacks. The performance analysis and numerical results demonstrate that HAKM outperforms the existing approaches in terms of latency and protection against the abovementioned attacks.
Self-organizing map-based color palette for high-dynamic range texture compression

High-dynamic range (HDR) images are commonly used in computer graphics for accurate rendering. However, it is inefficient to store these images because of their large data size. Although vector quantization approach can be used to compress them, a large number of representative colors are still needed to preserve acceptable image quality. This paper presents an efficient color quantization approach to compress HDR images. In the proposed approach, a 1D/2D neighborhood structure is defined for the self-organizing map (SOM) approach and the SOM approach is then used to train a color palette. Afterward, a virtual color palette that has more codevectors is simulated by interpolating the trained color palette. The interpolation process is hardware supported in the current graphics hardware. Hence, there is no need to store the virtual color palette as the representative colors are constructed on the fly. Experimental results show that our approach can obtain good image quality with a moderate color palette.
Wayang Outpost : A web-based multimedia intelligent tutoring system for high stakes math achievement tests

The theme of the 2003 annual meeting is "accountability for educational quality". The emphasis on accountability reflects the increasing need for educators, students and politicians to demonstrate the effectiveness of educational systems. As part of the growing emphasis on accountability, high stakes achievement tests have become increasingly important and a student's performance on such tests can have a significant impact on his or her access to future educational opportunities. At the same time, concern is growing that the use of high stakes achievement tests, such as the SATMath exam and others (e.g., the Massachusetts MCAS exam) simply exacerbates existing group differences, and puts female students and those from traditionally underrepresented minority groups at a disadvantage (Willingham & Cole, 1997). New approaches are required to help all students perform to the best of their ability on high stakes tests.
CRISP: an interruption management algorithm based on collaborative filtering

Interruptions can have a significant impact on users working to complete a task. When people are collaborating, either with other users or with systems, coordinating interruptions is an important factor in maintaining efficiency and preventing information overload. Computer systems can observe user behavior, model it, and use this to optimize the interruptions to minimize disruption. However, current techniques often require long training periods that make them unsuitable for online collaborative environments where new users frequently participate.
 In this paper, we present a novel synthesis between Collaborative Filtering methods and machine learning classification algorithms to create a fast learning algorithm, CRISP. CRISP exploits the similarities between users in order to apply data from known users to new users, therefore requiring less information on each person. Results from user studies indicate the algorithm significantly improves users' performances in completing the task and their perception of how long it took to complete each task.
Wei Yang's Research Statement

I enjoy doing research in Computer Security and Software Engineering and specifically in mobile security and adversarial machine learning. A primary goal of my research is to build adversarial-resilient intelligent security systems. I have been developing such security systems for the mobile device ecosystem that serves billions of users, millions of apps, and hundreds of thousands of app developers. For an ecosystem of this magnitude, manual inspection or rule-based security systems are costly and error-prone. There is a strong need for intelligent security systems that can learn from experiences, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. However, achieving intelligence in security systems is challenging. In the cat-and-mouse game between security analysts and adversaries, the intelligence of adversaries also increases. In this never-ending game, the adversaries continuously evolve their attacks to be specifically adversarial to newly proposed intelligent security techniques. To address this challenge, I have been pursuing two lines of research: (1) enhancing intelligence of existing security systems to automate the security-decision making by techniques such as program analysis [11, 8, 10, 6, U6] , natural language processing (NLP) [9, 7, U7, 1] , and machine learning [8, 4, 3, 2] ; (2) guarding against emerging attacks specifically adversarial to these newly-proposed intelligent security techniques by developing corresponding defenses [13, U1, U2] and testing methodologies [12, 5] . Throughout these research efforts, my general research methodology is to extract insightful data for security systems (through program analysis and NLP techniques), to enable intelligent decision making in security systems (through machine learning techniques that learn from the extracted data), and to strengthen robustness of the security systems by generating adversarial-testing inputs to check these intelligent security techniques and building defense to prevent the adversarial attacks. With this methodology, my research has derived solutions that have high impact on real-world systems. For instance, my work on analysis and testing of mobile applications (apps) [11, 10] in collaboration with Tencent Ltd. has been deployed and adopted in daily testing of a mobile app named WeChat, a popular messenger app with over 900 million monthly active users. A number of tools grown out of my research have been adopted by companies such as Fujitsu [P1, P2, 13, 6] , Samsung [12, 5] , and IBM.
Engineered Ecosystems as a Sustainable Solution for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in Tropical Environments-a Minor Field Study ( MFS )

The performance of an engineered ecosystem constructed and operated by the BioProcess research group of Rio de Janeiro State University-UERJ to treat the sewage of a research campus was evaluated on the island of Ilha Grande, RJ, Brazil. The engineered ecosystem was created as a sustainable alternative for decentralized sewage treatment in rural areas and consists of conventional treatment units as well as vegetated and algae tanks. The main objective of the study was to analyze the performance of each specific tank, as well as the system overall, pollutant removal performance. A method of sampling according to the hydraulic retention time of each treatment unit was used, in order to gain better understanding of the complex processes that contributes to pollutant removal. Four series of sampling were conducted in a total of 9 sampling points, including the raw affluent and the effluents from all treatment units. The concentration of most parameters in the final effluent were below discharge limits set by Brazilian and Swedish regulations, with satisfactory removal for most parameters with the exception of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, which were just above the Swedish limits. One important observation, which was possible due to the sampling strategy, was the considerable variation in each treatment unit's performance among series. However, when comparing the system overall performance, removal rates among series were stable, indicating buffering capacity of the overall system and a cooperative nature between the different tanks. Furthermore the poor performance of the first of the four conducted sample series was striking and was probably caused by initially weakened bacteria cultures. Additionally, algal bloom was experienced in the vegetated and algae tanks, which is suspected to have impacted system performance, particularly in the form of enhanced phosphorus removal. In conclusion, the engineered ecosystem is considered to be a viable alternative to on-site sewage treatment in rural areas with tropical climates. However, some improvements are required specially to achieve higher phosphorus removal.
Distinct autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion mechanism revealed by thapsigargin-induced autophagy arrest.

Autophagy, a catabolic pathway that delivers cellular components to lysosomes for degradation, can be activated by stressful conditions such as nutrient starvation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We report that thapsigargin, an ER stressor widely used to induce autophagy, in fact blocks autophagy. Thapsigargin does not affect autophagosome formation but leads to accumulation of mature autophagosomes by blocking autophagosome fusion with the endocytic system. Strikingly, thapsigargin has no effect on endocytosis-mediated degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Molecularly, while both Rab7 and Vps16 are essential regulatory components for endocytic fusion with lysosomes, we found that Rab7 but not Vps16 is required for complete autophagy flux, and that thapsigargin blocks recruitment of Rab7 to autophagosomes. Therefore, autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion must be governed by a distinct molecular mechanism compared to general endocytic fusion.
Pediatric photosensitivity disorders.

Photosensitivity disorders in childhood are rare, with the notable exception of overexposure as sunburn, and therefore require a more circumspect approach. Practitioners who treat children are key players in identifying and managing the many photosensitivity disorders that rarely present in childhood. A classic photodistribution of skin findings may suggest photosensitivity, but a correct diagnosis depends on a detailed history correlated with clinical findings.