nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances on Single-Phase Line-Start High Efficiency Interior Permanent Magnet Motors

The past 25 years have been a significant period with advances in the development of interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines. Line-start small IPM synchronous motors have expanded their presence in the domestic marketplace from few specialized niche markets in high efficiency machine tools, household appliances, small utility motors, and servo drives to mass-produced applications. A closer examination reveals that several different knowledge-based technological advancements and market forces as well as consumer demand for high efficiency requirements have combined, sometimes in fortuitous ways, to accelerate the development of the improved new small energy efficient motors. This paper provides a broad explanation of the various factors that lead to the current state of the art of the single-phase interior permanent motor drive technology. A unified analysis of single-phase IPM motor that permits the determination of the steady-state, dynamic, and transient performances is presented. The mathematical model is based on both d-q axis theory and finite-element analysis. It leads to more accurate numerical results and meets the engineering requirements more satisfactorily than any other methods. Finally, some concluding comments and remarks are provided for efficiency improvement, manufacturing, and future research trends of line-start energy efficient permanent magnet synchronous motors.
Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Random Forest Machine Learning Algorithm

The healthcare industry is producing massive amounts of data which need to be mine to discover hidden information for effective prediction, exploration, diagnosis and decision making. Machine learning techniques can help and provides medication to handle this circumstances. Moreover, Chronic Kidney Disease prediction is one of the most central problems in medical decision making because it is one of the leading cause of death. So, automated tool for early prediction of this disease will be useful to cure. In this study, the experiments were conducted for the prediction task of Chronic Kidney Disease obtained from UCI Machine Learning repository using the six machine learning algorithms, namely: Random Forest (RF) classifiers, Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO), NaiveBayes, Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Multilayer Perceptron Classifier (MLPC) and SimpleLogistic (SLG).The feature selected is used for training and testing of each classifier individually with ten-fold cross validation. The results obtained show that the RF classifier outperforms other classifiers in terms of Area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy and MCC with values 1.0, 1.0 and 1.0 respectively.
An incremental learning algorithm for SVM based on voting principle

In this paper, we mainly adopt the voting combination method to implement the incremental learning for SVM. The incremental learning algorithm proposed by this paper has contained two parts in order to tackle different types of incremental learning cases, the first part is to deal with the on-line incremental learning and the second part is to deal with the batch incremental learning. In the final, we make the experiment to verify the validity and efficiency of such algorithm.
Tracker-assisted rate adaptation for MPEG DASH live streaming

MPEG DASH is a widely used standard for adaptive video streaming over HTTP. The conceptual architecture for DASH includes a web server and clients, which download media segments from the server. Clients select the resolution of video segments by using an Adaptive Bit-Rate (ABR) strategy; in particular, a throughput-based ABR is used in the case of live video applications. However, recent papers show that these strategies may suffer from the presence of proxies/caches in the network, which are instrumental in streaming video on a large scale. To face this issue, we propose to extend the MPEG DASH architecture with a Tracker functionality, enabling client-to-client sharing of control information. This extension paves the way to a novel family of Tracker-assisted strategies that allow a greater design flexibility, while solving the specific issue caused by proxies/caches; in addition, its utility goes beyond the problem at hand, as it can be used by other applications as well, e.g. for peer-to-peer streaming.
A numerical investigation into the influence of the properties of cobalt chrome cellular structures on the load transfer to the periprosthetic femur following total hip arthroplasty.

Stress shielding of the periprosthetic femur following total hip arthroplasty is a problem that can promote the premature loosening of femoral stems. In order to reduce the need for revision surgery it is thought that more flexible implant designs need to be considered. In this work, the mechanical properties of laser melted square pore cobalt chrome molybdenum cellular structures have been incorporated into the design of a traditional monoblock femoral stem. The influence of incorporating the properties of cellular structures on the load transfer to the periprosthetic femur was investigated using a three dimensional finite element model. Eleven different stiffness configurations were investigated by using fully porous and functionally graded approaches. This investigation confirms that the periprosthetic stress values depend on the stiffness configuration of the stem. The numerical results showed that stress shielding is reduced in the periprosthetic Gruen zones when the mechanical properties of cobalt chrome molybdenum cellular structures are used. This work identifies that monoblock femoral stems manufactured using a laser melting process, which are designed for reduced stiffness, have the potential to contribute towards reducing stress shielding.
Algorithms for computing the static single assignment form

The Static Single Assignment (SSA) form is a program representation used in many optimizing compilers. The key step in converting a program to SSA form is called φ-placement. Many algorithms for φ-placement have been proposed in the literature, but the relationships between these algorithms are not well understood.In this article, we propose a framework within which we systematically derive (i) properties of the SSA form and (ii) φ-placement algorithms. This framework is based on a new relation called merge which captures succinctly the structure of a program's control flow graph that is relevant to its SSA form. The φ-placement algorithms we derive include most of the ones described in the literature, as well as several new ones. We also evaluate experimentally the performance of some of these algorithms on the SPEC92 benchmarks.Some of the algorithms described here are optimal for a single variable. However, their repeated application is not necessarily optimal for multiple variables. We conclude the article by describing such an optimal algorithm, based on the transitive reduction of the merge relation, for multi-variable φ-placement in structured programs. The problem for general programs remains open.
Novel ecosystems: implications for conservation and restoration.

Many ecosystems are rapidly being transformed into new, non-historical configurations owing to a variety of local and global changes. We discuss how new systems can arise in the face of primarily biotic change (extinction and/or invasion), primarily abiotic change (e.g. land use or climate change) and a combination of both. Some changes will result in hybrid systems retaining some original characteristics as well as novel elements, whereas larger changes will result in novel systems, which comprise different species, interactions and functions. We suggest that these novel systems will require significant revision of conservation and restoration norms and practices away from the traditional place-based focus on existing or historical assemblages.
A Logic-Based System for e-Tourism

In this paper we present a successful application of logic programming for e-tourism: the iTravel system. The system exploits two technologies that are based on the state-of-the-art computational logic system DLV: (i) a system for ontology representation and reasoning, called OntoDLV; and, (ii) HıLεX a semantic information-extraction tool. The core of iTravel is an ontology which models the domain of tourism offers. The ontology is automatically populated by extracting the information contained in the tourism leaflets produced by tour operators. A set of specifically devised logic programs is used to reason on the information contained in the ontology for selecting the holiday packages that best fit the customer needs. An intuitive web-based user interface eases the task of interacting with the system for both the customers and the operators of a travel agency.
A WiFi-based method to count and locate pedestrians in urban traffic scenarios

Estimating the number of people in a given environment is an attractive tool with a wide range of applications. Urban environments are not an exception. Counting pedestrians and locate them properly in a road traffic scenario can facilitate the design of intelligent systems for traffic control that take into account more actors and not only vehicle-based optimizations. In this work, we present a new WiFi-based passive method to estimate the number of pedestrians in an urban traffic scenario formed by signaled intersections. Particularly, we are able i) to distinguish between pedestrians walking and pedestrians waiting in a pedestrian crossing and ii) to estimate the exact location where static pedestrians are waiting to cross. By doing so, the pedestrian factor could be included in intelligent control management systems for traffic optimization in real time. The performance analysis carried out shows that our method is able to achieve a significant level of accuracy while presenting an easy implementation.
Assessment of phantom dosimetry and image quality of i-CAT FLX cone-beam computed tomography.

The increasing use of cone-beam computed tomography in orthodontics has been coupled with heightened concern about the long-term risks of x-ray exposure in orthodontic populations. An industry response to this has been to offer low-exposure alternative scanning options in newer cone-beam computed tomography models.



Effective doses resulting from various combinations of field of view size and field location comparing child and adult anthropomorphic phantoms with the recently introduced i-CAT FLX cone-beam computed tomography unit (Imaging Sciences, Hatfield, Pa) were measured with optical stimulated dosimetry using previously validated protocols. Scan protocols included high resolution (360° rotation, 600 image frames, 120 kV[p], 5 mA, 7.4 seconds), standard (360°, 300 frames, 120 kV[p], 5 mA, 3.7 seconds), QuickScan (180°, 160 frames, 120 kV[p], 5 mA, 2 seconds), and QuickScan+ (180°, 160 frames, 90 kV[p], 3 mA, 2 seconds). Contrast-to-noise ratio was calculated as a quantitative measure of image quality for the various exposure options using the QUART DVT phantom.



Child phantom doses were on average 36% greater than adult phantom doses. QuickScan+ protocols resulted in significantly lower doses than standard protocols for the child (P = 0.0167) and adult (P = 0.0055) phantoms. The 13 × 16-cm cephalometric fields of view ranged from 11 to 85 μSv in the adult phantom and 18 to 120 μSv in the child phantom for the QuickScan+ and standard protocols, respectively. The contrast-to-noise ratio was reduced by approximately two thirds when comparing QuickScan+ with standard exposure parameters.



QuickScan+ effective doses are comparable with conventional panoramic examinations. Significant dose reductions are accompanied by significant reductions in image quality. However, this trade-off might be acceptable for certain diagnostic tasks such as interim assessment of treatment results.
On the Application of Danskin's Theorem to Derivative-Free Minimax Optimization

Motivated by Danskin’s theorem, gradient-based methods have been applied with empirical success to solve minimax problems that involve non-convex outer minimization and non-concave inner maximization. On the other hand, recent work has demonstrated that Evolution Strategies (ES) algorithms are stochastic gradient approximators that seek robust solutions. In this paper, we address black-box (gradient-free) minimax problems that have long been tackled in a coevolutionary setup. To this end and guaranteed by Danskin’s theorem, we employ ES as a stochastic estimator for the descent direction. The proposed approach is validated on a collection of black-box minimax problems. Based on our experiments, our method’s performance is comparable with its coevolutionary counterparts and favorable for high-dimensional problems. Its efficacy is demonstrated on a real-world application.
A Noncooperative Game-Theoretic Framework for Radio Resource Management in 4G Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks

Fourth generation (4G) wireless networks will provide high-bandwidth connectivity with quality-of-service (QoS) support to mobile users in a seamless manner. In such a scenario, a mobile user will be able to connect to different wireless access networks such as a wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), a cellular network, and a wireless local area network (WLAN) simultaneously. We present a game-theoretic framework for radio resource management (that is, bandwidth allocation and admission control) in such a heterogeneous wireless access environment. First, a noncooperative game is used to obtain the bandwidth allocations to a service area from the different access networks available in that service area (on a long-term basis). The Nash equilibrium for this game gives the optimal allocation which maximizes the utilities of all the connections in the network (that is, in all of the service areas). Second, based on the obtained bandwidth allocation, to prioritize vertical and horizontal handoff connections over new connections, a bargaining game is formulated to obtain the capacity reservation thresholds so that the connection-level QoS requirements can be satisfied for the different types of connections (on a long-term basis). Third, we formulate a noncooperative game to obtain the amount of bandwidth allocated to an arriving connection (in a service area) by the different access networks (on a short-term basis). Based on the allocated bandwidth and the capacity reservation thresholds, an admission control is used to limit the number of ongoing connections so that the QoS performances are maintained at the target level for the different types of connections.
Tantalum-based semiconductors for solar water splitting.

Solar energy utilization is one of the most promising solutions for the energy crises. Among all the possible means to make use of solar energy, solar water splitting is remarkable since it can accomplish the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. The produced hydrogen is clean and sustainable which could be used in various areas. For the past decades, numerous efforts have been put into this research area with many important achievements. Improving the overall efficiency and stability of semiconductor photocatalysts are the research focuses for the solar water splitting. Tantalum-based semiconductors, including tantalum oxide, tantalate and tantalum (oxy)nitride, are among the most important photocatalysts. Tantalum oxide has the band gap energy that is suitable for the overall solar water splitting. The more negative conduction band minimum of tantalum oxide provides photogenerated electrons with higher potential for the hydrogen generation reaction. Tantalates, with tunable compositions, show high activities owning to their layered perovskite structure. (Oxy)nitrides, especially TaON and Ta3N5, have small band gaps to respond to visible-light, whereas they can still realize overall solar water splitting with the proper positions of conduction band minimum and valence band maximum. This review describes recent progress regarding the improvement of photocatalytic activities of tantalum-based semiconductors. Basic concepts and principles of solar water splitting will be discussed in the introduction section, followed by the three main categories regarding to the different types of tantalum-based semiconductors. In each category, synthetic methodologies, influencing factors on the photocatalytic activities, strategies to enhance the efficiencies of photocatalysts and morphology control of tantalum-based materials will be discussed in detail. Future directions to further explore the research area of tantalum-based semiconductors for solar water splitting are also discussed.
Automatically Mapping and Integrating Multiple Data Entry Forms into a Database

Forms are a standard way of gathering data into a database. Many applications need to support multiple users with evolving data gathering requirements. It is desirable to automatically link dynamic forms to the back-end database. We have developed the FormMapper system, a fully automatic solution that accepts user-created data entry forms, and maps and integrates them into an existing database in the same domain. The solution comprises of two components: tree extraction and form integration. The tree extraction component leverages a probabilistic process, Hidden Markov Model (HMM), for automatically extracting a semantic tree structure of a form. In the form integration component, we develop a merging procedure that maps and integrates a tree into an existing database and extends the database with desired properties. We conducted experiments evaluating the performance of the system on several large databases designed from a number of complex forms. Our experimental results show that the FormMapper system is promising: It generated databases that are highly similar (87% overlapped) to those generated by the human experts, given the same set of forms.
Traffic Coordination at Road Intersections: Autonomous Decision-Making Algorithms Using Model-Based Heuristics

This article focuses on the traffic coordination problem at traffic intersections. We present a decentralized coordination approach, combining optimal control with model-based heuristics. We show how model-based heuristics can lead to low-complexity solutions that are suitable for a fast online implementation, and analyze its properties in terms of efficiency, feasibility and optimality. Finally, simulation results for different scenarios are also presented.
Grasping-force optimization for multifingered robotic hands using a recurrent neural network

Grasping-force optimization of multifingered robotic hands can be formulated as a problem for minimizing an objective function subject to form-closure constraints and balance constraints of external force. This paper presents a novel recurrent neural network for real-time dextrous hand-grasping force optimization. The proposed neural network is shown to be globally convergent to the optimal grasping force. Compared with existing approaches to grasping-force optimization, the proposed neural-network approach has the advantages that the complexity for implementation is reduced, and the solution accuracy is increased, by avoiding the linearization of quadratic friction constraints. Simulation results show that the proposed neural network can achieve optimal grasping force in real time.
Design And Implementation Of Anthropomorphic Robotic Arm

The report focuses on the design and demonstration of an anthropomorphic robotic arm with seven degrees of freedom using readily available low-cost components to perform different real time human hand applications. The robotic arm consists of a shoulder, elbow, wrist and a five-finger gripper. It can perform different gripping actions, such as lateral, spherical, cylindrical and tip-holding gripping actions; each finger has three movable links. The actuator used for the robotic arm is a high torque dc servo motor and the five-finger gripper consists of five cables placed like tendons in the human arm. Implementation is done using a human hand glove which senses the motion from sensor technology to produce a proportional analog voltage, digitized via the microcontroller Atmel ATmega32. The microcontroller then through the processed signal controls the mechanical structure that is the robotic arm.
Offset voltage analysis of dynamic latched comparator

The offset voltage of the dynamic latched comparator is analyzed in detail, and the dynamic latched comparator design is optimized for the minimal offset voltage based on the analysis in this paper. As a result, 1-sigma offset voltage was reduced from 12.5mV to 6.5mV at the cost of 9% increase of the power dissipation (152µW from 136µW). Using a digitally controlled capacitive offset calibration technique, the offset voltage of the comparator is further reduced from 6.50mV to 1.10mV at 1-sigma at the operating clock frequency of 3 GHz and it consumes 54µW/GHz after the calibration.
Group Polarization and Computer-Mediated Communication: Effects of Communication Cues, Social Presence, and Anonymity

Understanding computer-mediated discussions : positivist and interpretive analyses of group support system use p. 47 Participation in groupware-mediated communities of practice : a socio-political analysis of knowledge working p. 82 Paradox lost? : firm-level evidence on the returns to information systems spending p. 109 Information technology and the nature of managerial work : from the productivity paradox to the icarus paradox? p. 128 IT value : the great divide between qualitative and quantitative and individual and organizational measures p. 152 The impact of information technology investment on enterprise performance : a case study p. 183 Competing though EDI at Brun Passot : achievements in France and ambitions for the single European market p. 199 Business value of information technology : a study of electronic data interchange p. 215 The performance impacts of quick response and strategic alignment in specialty retailing p. 235 Coordination and visualization : the role of electronic networks and personal relationships p. 257 Do electronic marketplaces lower the price of goods? p. 288 Next-generation trading in futures markets : a comparison of open outcry and order matching systems p. 298 Trust, technology and transaction costs : can theories transcend culture in a globalized world? p. 311 Reengineering the Dutch flower auctions : a framework for analyzing exchange organizations p. 341 Cross-cultural software production and use : a structurational analysis p. 372 Key issues in information systems management : an international perspective p. 392 The global digital divide : a sociological assessment of trends and causes p. 412 Information technology and transitions in the public service : a comparison of Scandinavia and the United States p. 430
Self-organization of teams for free/libre open source software development

This paper provides empirical evidence about how free/libre open source software development teams self-organize their work, speciWcally, how tasks are assigned to project team members. Following a case study methodology, we examined developer interaction data from three active and successful FLOSS projects using qualitative research methods, speciWcally inductive content analysis, to identify the task-assignment mechanisms used by the participants. We found that ‘self-assignment’ was the most common mechanism across three FLOSS projects. This mechanism is consistent with expectations for distributed and largely volunteer teams. We conclude by discussing whether these emergent practices can be usefully transferred to mainstream practice and indicating directions for future research.