PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR VIRTUAL EXPLORATION OF UNDERWATER ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES

This article describes on-going developments of the VENUS European Project (Virtual ExploratioN of Underwater Sites, http://www.venus-project.eu) concerning the first mission to sea in Pianosa Island, Italy in October 2006. The VENUS project aims at providing scientific methodologies and technological tools for the virtual exploration of deep underwater archaeological sites. The VENUS project will improve the accessibility of underwater sites by generating thorough and exhaustive 3D records for virtual exploration. In this paper we focus on the underwater photogrammetric approach used to survey the archaeological site of Pianosa. After a brief presentation of the archaeological context we shall see the calibration process in such a context. The next part of this paper is dedicated to the survey: it is divided into two parts: a DTM of the site (combining acoustic bathymetry and photogrammetry) and a specific artefact plotting dedicated to the amphorae present on the site.  Corresponding author. This is useful to know for communication with the appropriate person in cases with more than one author. * http://cordis.europa.eu/ist/digicult/venus.htm or the project web site : http://www.venus-project.eu 1. VENUS, VIRTUAL EXPLORATION OF UNDERWATER SITES The VENUS project is funded by European Commission, Information Society Technologies (IST) programme of the 6th FP for RTD . It aims at providing scientific methodologies and technological tools for the virtual exploration of deep underwater archaeological sites. (Chapman et alii, 2006). Underwater archaeological sites, for example shipwrecks, offer extraordinary opportunities for archaeologists due to factors such as darkness, low temperatures and a low oxygen rate which are favourable to preservation. On the other hand, these sites can not be experienced first hand and today are continuously jeopardised by activities such as deep trawling that destroy their surface layer. The VENUS project will improve the accessibility of underwater sites by generating thorough and exhaustive 3D records for virtual exploration. The project team plans to survey shipwrecks at various depths and to explore advanced methods and techniques of data acquisition through autonomous or remotely operated unmanned vehicles with innovative sonar and photogrammetry equipment. Research will also cover aspects such as data processing and storage, plotting of archaeological artefacts and information system management. This work will result in a series of best practices and procedures for collecting and storing data. Further, VENUS will develop virtual reality and augmented reality tools for the visualisation of an immersive interaction with a digital model of an underwater site. The model will be made accessible online, both as an example of digital preservation and for demonstrating new facilities of exploration in a safe, cost-effective and pedagogical environment. The virtual underwater site will provide archaeologists with an improved insight into the data and the general public with simulated dives to the site. The VENUS consortium, composed of eleven partners, is pooling expertise in various disciplines: archaeology and underwater exploration, knowledge representation and photogrammetry, virtual reality and digital data preservation. This paper focuses on the first experimentation in Pianosa Island, Tuscany, Italy. The document is structured as follows. A short description of the archaeological context, then the next section explains the survey method: calibration, collecting photographs using ROV and divers, photographs orientation and a particular way to measure amphorae with photogrammetry using archaeological knowledge. A section shows 3D results in VRML and finally we present the future planned work. 2. THE UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF PIANOSA ISLAND The underwater archaeological site of Pianosa, discovered in 1989 by volunteer divers (Giuseppe Adriani, Paolo Vaccari), is located at a depth of 35 m, close to the Scoglio della Scola, in XXI International CIPA Symposium, 01-06 October, Athens, Greece