nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary many-objective optimization using ensemble fitness ranking

In this paper, a new framework, called ensemble fitness ranking (EFR), is proposed for evolutionary many-objective optimization that allows to work with different types of fitness functions and ensemble ranking schemes. The framework aims to rank the solutions in the population more appropriately by combing the ranking results from many simple individual rankers. As to the form of EFR, it can be regarded as an extension of average and maximum ranking methods which have been shown promising for many-objective problems. The significant change is that EFR adopts more general fitness functions instead of objective functions, which would make it easier for EFR to balance the convergence and diversity in many-objective optimization. In the experimental studies, the influence of several fitness functions and ensemble ranking schemes on the performance of EFR is fist investigated. Afterwards, EFR is compared with two state-of-the-art methods (MOEA/D and NSGA-III) on well-known test problems. The computational results show that EFR significantly outperforms MOEA/D and NSGA-III on most instances, especially for those having a high number of objectives.
Probabilistic diffusion tractography with multiple fibre orientations: What can we gain?

We present a direct extension of probabilistic diffusion tractography to the case of multiple fibre orientations. Using automatic relevance determination, we are able to perform online selection of the number of fibre orientations supported by the data at each voxel, simplifying the problem of tracking in a multi-orientation field. We then apply the identical probabilistic algorithm to tractography in the multi- and single-fibre cases in a number of example systems which have previously been tracked successfully or unsuccessfully with single-fibre tractography. We show that multi-fibre tractography offers significant advantages in sensitivity when tracking non-dominant fibre populations, but does not dramatically change tractography results for the dominant pathways.
Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self-esteem.

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was translated into 28 languages and administered to 16,998 participants across 53 nations. The RSES factor structure was largely invariant across nations. RSES scores correlated with neuroticism, extraversion, and romantic attachment styles within nearly all nations, providing additional support for cross-cultural equivalence of the RSES. All nations scored above the theoretical midpoint of the RSES, indicating generally positive self-evaluation may be culturally universal. Individual differences in self-esteem were variable across cultures, with a neutral response bias prevalent in more collectivist cultures. Self-competence and self-liking subscales of the RSES varied with cultural individualism. Although positively and negatively worded items of the RSES were correlated within cultures and were uniformly related to external personality variables, differences between aggregates of positive and negative items were smaller in developed nations. Because negatively worded items were interpreted differently across nations, direct cross-cultural comparisons using the RSES may have limited value.
Review of Text Reduction Algorithms and Text Reduction using Sentence Vectorization

The reduced text of a document is the collection of sentences that contains the important sentences containing keywords of the document. The authentic keywords extraction is the primary target for any text reduction algorithm. The presented survey shows the primary algorithm used for document summarization based on keywords. Also, the work presents a novel approach for keywords identification and in turn text reduction based on words histogram, the no. of sentences containing the words and knowledge corpus. The text summary is extracted using the sentence vectorization process. The sentence vectorization gives the sentences that have at least one of the key words in the sentence from the entire document. The algorithm works fine for the textual matter in the document in MS Notepad format. Factual information that is normally covered under double inverted comas is also given due attention in text summary.
The biology of VEGF and its receptors

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of physiological angiogenesis during embryogenesis, skeletal growth and reproductive functions. VEGF has also been implicated in pathological angiogenesis associated with tumors, intraocular neovascular disorders and other conditions. The biological effects of VEGF are mediated by two receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, which differ considerably in signaling properties. Non-signaling co-receptors also modulate VEGF RTK signaling. Currently, several VEGF inhibitors are undergoing clinical testing in several malignancies. VEGF inhibition is also being tested as a strategy for the prevention of angiogenesis, vascular leakage and visual loss in age-related macular degeneration.
Female Stereotypes in Print Advertising : A Retrospective Analysis

The depiction of females in advertising has received considerable academic attention, fuelled by the feminist movement and the evolution of women’s roles in the society. Early studies revealed the prevalence of traditional portrayals such as housewives, women dependent on a man’s protection and depictions of sexual objectification. Even though a decrease in female stereotyping would be reasonable considering the contemporary structure of society that prescribes multiple gender roles, this does not seem to be the case: The literature is replete with studies documenting that female stereotyping is alive and well, even if it manifests itself with different types and patterns than it did some decades ago. This study strives to adopt a holistic outlook to the phenomenon of female stereotypes in print advertisements, tracing its origins, analyzing the interplay of stereotypes and advertising, undertaking an exhaustive perusal of the particular stream of literature, addressing methodological issues and proposing directions for further research.
Filler Rhinoplasty Evaluated by Anthropometric Analysis.

There are no reports of objectively evaluating the efficacy of filler rhinoplasty by anthropometric techniques.



To objectively demonstrate the effectiveness of filler rhinoplasty by anthropometric analysis.



A total of 242 patients who revisited the clinic within 2 months of undergoing hyaluronic acid filler rhinoplasty were analyzed based on the injection site, injected volume, and the change in anthropometry.



Among the 242 patients, 112 (46.3%) were in the nasal dorsum augmentation group, 8 (3.3%) were in the tip rotation group, and 122 (50.4%) were in the whole nose augmentation group. Average injection volume was 1 ± 0.4 mL for nasal dorsum and 0.9 ± 0.3 mL for tip rotation, whereas 1.6 ± 0.5 mL was used for whole nose augmentation. On follow-up, the radix height, nasofrontal angle, and nasolabial angle (NLA) had increased by 78.3%, 5.7 ± 4.1°, and 9.4 ± 4.5°, respectively, whereas the modified nasofacial angle had decreased by 1.9 ± 2.9°. Three cases (1.2%) of vascular complications were encountered.



Filler rhinoplasty is a simple and effective treatment modality producing outcomes comparable with surgical augmentation rhinoplasty. Among various anthropometric measurements, the nasal radix height was the most useful for evaluating dorsum augmentation, whereas the NLA was the best for nasal tip rotation.
Design and Comparison of Interior Permanent Magnet Motor Topologies for Traction Applications

Traction motors play a critical role in electrified vehicles, including electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. With high efficiency and power density, interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines have been employed in many commercialized electrified powertrains. In this paper, three different IPM rotor design configurations, which have been used in electrified powertrains from Toyota, Nissan, and General Motors, are comparatively investigated. Each topology is redesigned and improved to meet new design requirements based on the same constraints. The designed motors are then compared and comprehensively evaluated for motor performance, torque segregation, demagnetization, mechanical stress, and radial forces. The results suggest that the single V-shaped configuration achieves the best overall performance and is thus recommended as the best candidate.
The Economics of Crypto-democracy

Democracy is an economic problem of choice constrained by transaction costs and information costs. Society must choose between competing institutional frameworks for the conduct of voting and elections. These decisions are constrained by the technologies and institutions available. Blockchains are a governance technology that reduces the costs of consensus, coordinating information, and monitoring and enforcing contracts. Blockchain could be applied to the voting and electoral process to form a crypto-democracy. Analysed through the Institutional Possibility Frontier framework, we propose that blockchain lowers disorder and dictatorship costs of the voting and electoral process. In addition to efficiency gains, this technological progress has implications for decentralised institutions of voting. One application of crypto-democracy, quadratic voting, is discussed.
Three-phase power factor correction rectifier applied to wind energy conversion systems

This paper proposes a topology of three-phase controlled rectifier feasible for small wind energy conversion systems. This rectifier uses six wires of the generator and allows for the operation with high power factor, increasing the generator efficiency. One Cycle Control (OCC) was used in the rectifier control. This study is concerned with the operating principle, a design example, and some simulation and experimental results for a 5 kW prototype.
Aging changes of the midfacial fat compartments: a computed tomographic study.

The restoration of a natural volume distribution is a major goal in facial rejuvenation. The aims of this study were to establish a radiographic method enabling effective measurements of the midfacial fat compartments and to compare the anatomy between human cadavers of younger versus older age.



Data from computed tomographic scans of 12 nonfixed cadaver heads, divided into two age groups (group 1, 54 to 75 years, n = 6; and group 2, 75 to 104 years, n = 6), were analyzed. For evaluation of the volume distribution within a specific compartment, the sagittal diameter of the upper, middle, and lower thirds of each compartment was determined. For evaluation of a "sagging" of the compartments, the distance between the cephalad border and the infraorbital rim was determined.



Computed tomography enables a reproducible depiction of the facial fat compartments and reveals aging changes. The distance between the fat compartments and the infraorbital rim was higher in group 2 compared with group 1. The sagittal diameter of the lower third of the compartments was higher, and the sagittal diameter of the upper third was smaller in group 2 compared with group 1. The buccal extension of the buccal fat pad was shown to be an independent, separate compartment.



This study demonstrates an inferior migration of the midfacial fat compartments and an inferior volume shift within the compartments during aging. Additional distinct compartment-specific changes (e.g., volume loss of the deep medial cheek fat and buccal extension of the buccal fat pad) contribute to the appearance of the aged face.
A Magnetic Membrane Actuator in Composite Technology Utilizing Diamagnetic Levitation

We present the application of diamagnetic levitation of a small floater magnet for the realization of a magnetically actuated membrane actuator in polymer composite technology. Following this approach the neutral position of the actuating membrane can be adjusted by diamagnetically stabilized levitation and the actuation of the membrane is induced by an integrated coil which is driven by an ac-signal. This setup holds the advantage that the neutral position of the flexible membrane can be stabilized with no external energy input, and the separation of the off-position from the driving mechanism allows for many possible applications of the device in, for instance, microfluidic systems.
Classification of sensor errors for the statistical simulation of environmental perception in automated driving systems

A virtual world provides a completely controlled and safe testing environment for the development and testing of current and future automated driving systems. In order to provide conditions close to reality, the input data for the automated driving system generated by sensors for environmental perception have to match closely between virtual and real world. The data gathered by perception sensors like radar, lidar or camera sensors generally provide a lossy description of the environment. Therefore, a sensor error model has to be employed that captures the characteristics of the sensory perception process. We propose a general description of a statistical sensor model, constructed to achieve equivalent sensor output on a statistical level. To construct the model, we define model units that each deal with a specific aspect of the sensory perception process on the object level. We propose a classification scheme and hierarchy for the different error types and describe a methodology for using real world reference data as input for the statistical model.
A Novel Pruning Algorithm for Optimizing Feedforward Neural Network of Classification Problems

Optimizing the structure of neural networks is an essential step for the discovery of knowledge from data. This paper deals with a new approach which determines the insignificant input and hidden neurons to detect the optimum structure of a feedforward neural network. The proposed pruning algorithm, called as neural network pruning by significance (N2PS), is based on a new significant measure which is calculated by the Sigmoidal activation value of the node and all the weights of its outgoing connections. It considers all the nodes with significance value below the threshold as insignificant and eliminates them. The advantages of this approach are illustrated by implementing it on six different real datasets namely iris, breast-cancer, hepatitis, diabetes, ionosphere and wave. The results show that the proposed algorithm is quite efficient in pruning the significant number of neurons on the neural network models without sacrificing the networks performance.
An Efficient Motion-Resistant Method for Wearable Pulse Oximeter

Reduction of motion artifact and power saving are crucial in designing a wearable pulse oximeter for long-term telemedicine application. In this paper, a novel algorithm, minimum correlation discrete saturation transform (MCDST) has been developed for the estimation of arterial oxygen saturation (SnO2), based on an optical model derived from photon diffusion analysis. The simulation shows that the new algorithm MCDST is more robust under low SNRs than the clinically verified motion-resistant algorithm discrete saturation transform (DST). Further, the experiment with different severity of motions demonstrates that MCDST has a slightly better performance than DST algorithm. Moreover, MCDST is more computationally efficient than DST because the former uses linear algebra instead of the time-consuming adaptive filter used by latter, which indicates that MCDST can reduce the required power consumption and circuit complexity of the implementation. This is vital for wearable devices, where the physical size and long battery life are crucial.
Enterprise-wide Optimization : A New Frontier in Process Systems Engineering

Enterprise-wide optimization (EWO) is a new emerging area that lies at the interface of chemical engineering and operations research, and has become a major goal in the process industries due to the increasing pressures for remaining competitive in the global marketplace. EWO involves optimizing the operations of supply, manufacturing and distribution activities of a company to reduce costs and inventories. A major focus in EWO is the optimal operation of manufacturing facilities, which often requires the use of nonlinear process models. Major operational items include planning, scheduling, realtime optimization and inventory control. One of the key features of EWO is integration of the information and the decision-making among the various functions that comprise the supply chain of the company. This can be achieved with modern IT tools, which together with the internet, have promoted e-commerce. However, as will be discussed, to fully realize the potential of transactional IT tools, the development of sophisticated deterministic and stochastic linear/nonlinear optimization models and algorithms (analytical IT tools) is needed to explore and analyze alternatives of the supply chain to yield overall optimum economic performance, as well as high levels of customer satisfaction. An additional challenge is the integrated and coordinated decision-making across the various functions in a company (purchasing, manufacturing, distribution, sales), across various geographically distributed organizations (vendors, facilities and markets), and across various levels of decision-making (strategic, tactical and operational).
Dependence on computer games by adolescents.

As computer game playing is a popular activity among adolescents, a questionnaire study was undertaken with 387 adolescents (12-16 years of age) to establish their "dependence" using a scale adapted from the DSM-III-R criteria for pathological gambling. Analysis indicated that one in five adolescents were currently "dependent" upon computer games. Boys played significantly more regularly than girls and were more likely to be classified as "dependent." The earlier children began playing computer games it appeared the more likely they were to be playing at "dependent" levels. These and other results are discussed in relation to research on other gaming dependencies.
Security Keys: Practical Cryptographic Second Factors for the Modern Web

“Security Keys” are second-factor devices that protect users against phishing and man-in-the-middle attacks. Users carry a single device and can self-register it with any online service that supports the protocol. The devices are simple to implement and deploy, simple to use, privacy preserving, and secure against strong attackers. We have shipped support for Security Keys in the Chrome web browser and in Google’s online services. We show that Security Keys lead to both an increased level of security and user satisfaction by analyzing a two year deployment which began within Google and has extended to our consumer-facing web applications. The Security Key design has been standardized by the FIDO Alliance, an organization with more than 250 member companies spanning the industry. Currently, Security Keys have been deployed by Google, Dropbox, and GitHub. An updated and extended tech report is available at https://github.com/google/u2fref-code/docs/SecurityKeys_TechReport.pdf.
Ground-Penetrating Radar Theory and Application of Thin-Bed Offset-Dependent Reflectivity

Offset-dependent reflectivity or amplitude-variationwith-offset AVO analysis of ground-penetrating radar GPR data may improve the resolution of subsurface dielectric permittivity estimates. A horizontally stratified medium has a limiting layer thickness below which thin-bed AVO analysis is necessary. For a typical GPR signal, this limit is approximately 0.75 of the characteristic wavelength of the signal. Our approach to modeling the GPR thin-bed response is a broadband, frequency-dependent computation that utilizes an analytical solution to the three-interface reflectivity and is easy to implement for either transverse electric TE or transverse magnetic TM polarizations. The AVO curves for TE and TM modes differ significantly. In some cases, constraining the interpretation using both TE and TM data is critical. In two field examples taken from contaminated-site characterization data, we find quantitative thin-bed modeling agrees with the GPR field data and available characterization data.
A 0.1-1.8 GHz, 100 W GaN HEMT Power Amplifier Module

We have demonstrated a 0.1-1.8 GHz, 100 W GaN HEMT power amplifier module with 11 dB gain, 94-142 W CW output power and 40.6-74.0 % drain efficiency over the band. The power amplifier module uses broadband low loss coaxial baluns to combine four 30 W broadband lossy matched GaN HEMT PAs on a 2 x 2 inch compact PCB. The individual PAs are fully matched to 50 Ohms and obtains 23.6-30.9 W with 44.5-63.7 % drain efficiency over the band. The packaged amplifiers contain a GaN on SiC device operating at 50 V drain voltage with a GaAs integrated passive matching circuitry. These amplifiers are targeted for use in multi-band multi-standard communication systems and for instrumentation applications.
Nonverbal behavior in clinician-patient interaction

Empirical studies on nonverbal communication in clinician-patient interaction are reviewed for both the psychotherapeutic and medical settings. Nonverbal behavior is considered both as the consequence of antecedent variables, such as individual or relationship characteristics, and as a predictor of clinical effectiveness and patient outcomes. The concept of rapport is considered in relation to nonverbal behavior, both theoretically and empirically. Also, the relevance of a patient's nonverbal behavior to the diagnostic goals of the clinical visit is demonstrated by research on nonverbal cues to psychopathology, Type A/B personality, and pain. Although the topic of nonverbal behavior and clinician-patient interaction has had a promising start, much research is still needed, especially that which experimentally manipulates either antecedent variables or nonverbal behavior itself to demonstrate cause and effect relations.
Cognition as the tip of the emotional iceberg: A neuro-evolutionary perspective.

We emphasize the importance of a neuroevolutionary perspective in moving beyond the cognition-emotion dichotomy. Cognitive behavior depends on cortical structures firmly rooted in the emotional brain from which they have evolved. As such, there cannot be cognition without emotion. Endocrine regulation of amygdala connectivity, a neural "switch" between impulsivity and deliberation, further underscores the phylogenetic impossibility of a cognition-emotion dichotomy.