nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo Methods in Classical Statistical Physics

The purpose of this chapter is to give a brief introduction to Monte Carlo simulations of classical statistical physics systems and their statistical analysis. To set the general theoretical frame, first some properties of phase transitions and simple models describing them are briefly recalled, before the concept of importance sampling Monte Carlo methods is introduced. The basic idea is illustrated by a few standard local update algorithms (Metropolis, heat-bath, Glauber). Then methods for the statistical analysis of the thus generated data are discussed. Special attention is payed to the choice of estimators, autocorrelation times and statistical error analysis. This is necessary for a quantitative description of the phenomenon of critical slowing down at continuous phase transitions. For illustration purposes, only the two-dimensional Ising model will be needed. To overcome the slowing-down problem, non-local cluster algorithms have been developed which will be described next. Then the general tool of reweighting techniques will be explained which is extremely important for finite-size scaling studies. This will be demonstrated in some detail by the sample study presented in the next section, where also methods for estimating spatial correlation functions will be discussed. The reweighting idea is also important for a deeper understanding of so-called generalized ensemble methods which may be viewed as dynamical reweighting algorithms. After first discussing simulated and parallel tempering methods, finally also the alternative approach using multicanonical ensembles and the Wang-Landau recursion are briefly outlined.
Orchestration by approximation: mapping stream programs onto multicore architectures

We present a novel 2-approximation algorithm for deploying stream graphs on multicore computers and a stream graph transformation that eliminates bottlenecks. The key technical insight is a data rate transfer model that enables the computation of a "closed form", i.e., the data rate transfer function of an actor depending on the arrival rate of the stream program. A combinatorial optimization problem uses the closed form to maximize the throughput of the stream program. Although the problem is inherently NP-hard, we present an efficient and effective 2-approximation algorithm that provides a lower bound on the quality of the solution. We introduce a transformation that uses the closed form to identify and eliminate bottlenecks.
 We show experimentally that state-of-the art integer linear programming approaches for orchestrating stream graphs are (1) intractable or at least impractical for larger stream graphs and larger number of processors and (2)our 2-approximation algorithm is highly efficient and its results are close to the optimal solution for a standard set of StreamIt benchmark programs.
A 255nW ultra-high input impedance analog front-end for non-contact ECG monitoring

This paper presents a high-input impedance analog front-end (AFE) for low-power bio-potential acquisition. In order to boost input impedance, parasitic capacitance from PCB, pad, and amplifier gate input were cancelled using shielding buffer and positive feedback. To maximize the amount of positive feedback while guaranteeing stability, a self-calibration scheme is proposed for the positive feedback. A prototype IC fabricated in 0.18μm CMOS consumes 255nW from 0.8V supply. Measured input impedance with the proposed calibration is 50GΩ at 50Hz which is equivalent to an input capacitance of 60fF. It is also verified that the proposed scheme is resilient to supply and temperature variations and applicable to non-contact ECG monitoring.
Predicting recidivism among adult male child pornography offenders: Development of the Child Pornography Offender Risk Tool (CPORT).

In this study, we developed a structured risk checklist, the Child Pornography Offender Risk Tool (CPORT), to predict any sexual recidivism among adult male offenders with a conviction for child pornography offenses. We identified predictors of sexual recidivism using a 5-year fixed follow-up analysis from a police case file sample of 266 adult male child pornography offenders in the community after their index offense. In our 5-year follow-up, 29% committed a new offense, and 11% committed a new sexual offense, with 3% committing a new contact sexual offense against a child and 9% committing a new child pornography offense. The CPORT items comprised younger offender age, any prior criminal history, any contact sexual offending, any failure on conditional release, indication of sexual interest in child pornography material or prepubescent or pubescent children, more boy than girl content in child pornography, and more boy than girl content in other child depictions. The CPORT was significantly associated with any sexual recidivism, with moderate predictive accuracy, and thus has promise in the risk assessment of adult male child pornography offenders with further cross-validation.
The Rogowski Coil Principles and Applications: A Review

The Rogowski coil is an old device for current measurement. It has been modified and improved over a century and is still being studied for new applications. The Rogowski coil has various advantages over conventional magnetic current transformers (CTs). Not only can it be used instead of CT, but also it has various utilizations in other fields. This paper provides a brief review on different aspects of the Rogowski coil and its advancement procedure, during last decades. In this paper, the history of the coil is brifely reviewed and its bases and applications are discussed. The Rogowski coil is analyzed from different points of view, including different integration techniques in the output stage, models for the Rogowski coil, experimental methods for parameter measurement in models, and method for determining the damping resistor. Finally, a brief review over different applications of the coil ends this paper.
A Unified Personalized Video Recommendation via Dynamic Recurrent Neural Networks

Personalized video recommender systems play an essential role in bridging users and videos. However, most existing video recommendation methods assume that user profiles (interests) are static. In fact, the static assumption is inadequate to reflect users' dynamic interests as time goes by, especially in the online video recommendation scenarios with dramatic changes of video contents and frequent drift of users' interests over different topics. To overcome the above issue, we propose a dynamic recurrent neural network to model users' dynamic interests over time in a unified framework for personalized video recommendation. Furthermore, to build a much more comprehensive recommendation system, the proposed model is designed to exploit video semantic embedding, user interest modeling, and user relevance mining jointly to model users' preferences. By considering these three factors, the RNN model becomes an interest network which can capture users' high level interests effectively. Extensive experimental results on both single-network and cross-network video recommendation scenarios demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Effects of heat on meat proteins - Implications on structure and quality of meat products.

Globular and fibrous proteins are compared with regard to structural behaviour on heating, where the former expands and the latter contracts. The meat protein composition and structure is briefly described. The behaviour of the different meat proteins on heating is discussed. Most of the sarcoplasmic proteins aggregate between 40 and 60 °C, but for some of them the coagulation can extend up to 90°C. For myofibrillar proteins in solution unfolding starts at 30-32°C, followed by protein-protein association at 36-40°C and subsequent gelation at 45-50°C (conc.>0.5% by weight). At temperatures between 53 and 63°C the collagen denaturation occurs, followed by collagen fibre shrinkage. If the collagen fibres are not stabilised by heat-resistant intermolecular bonds, it dissolves and forms gelatine on further heating. The structural changes on cooking in whole meat and comminuted meat products, and the alterations in water-holding and texture of the meat product that it leads to, are then discussed.
Improved non-Probabilistic Roadmap method for determination of shortest nautical navigation path

Probabilistic Roadmap (PRM) is one of the methods for finding the shortest path between Beginning and destination way-points on maritime shipping routes. The main behavior of the algorithm is based on assigning randomly distributed nodes on search space, finding the alternative routes, and then selecting the shortest one among them. As its name indicates, these path candidates are determined according to the position of the randomly distributed nodes at the beginning of the PRM algorithm. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain the global (or near global) shortest path. Hence, in this paper, two issues are considered i) omit the randomness with the previously proposed methodologies and ii) reduce the total track mileage with the aid of Hooke-Jeeves algorithm which is one of the classical optimization algorithm. To present the performance of this proposed framework, 20 different scenarios are defined. The PRM-HJ couple and PRM are applied to all these test problems and results are compared with respect to the total track mileage.
Response time of VSWR protection for GaN HEMT based power amplifiers

Protection against high voltage-standing-wave-ratios (VSWR) is of great importance in many power amplifier applications. Despite excellent thermal and voltage breakdown properties even gallium nitride devices may need such measures. This work focuses on the timing aspect when using barium-strontium-titanate (BST) varactors to limit power dissipation and gate current. A power amplifier was designed and fabricated, implementing a varactor and a GaN-based voltage switch as varactor modulator for VSWR protection. The response time until the protection is effective was measured by switching the voltages at varactor, gate and drain of the transistor, respectively. It was found that it takes a minimum of 50 μs for the power amplifier to reach a safe condition. Pure gate pinch-off or drain voltage reduction solutions were slower and bias-network dependent. For a thick-film BST MIM varactor, optimized for speed and power, a switching time of 160 ns was achieved.
Parallel Large Scale Feature Selection for Logistic Regression

In this paper we examine the problem of efficient feature evaluation for logistic regression on very large data sets. We present a new forward feature selection heuristic that ranks features by their estimated effect on the resulting model’s performance. An approximate optimization, based on backfitting, provides a fast and accurate estimate of each new feature’s coefficient in the logistic regression model. Further, the algorithm is highly scalable by parallelizing simultaneously over both features and records, allowing us to quickly evaluate billions of potential features even for very large data sets.
Developing new frontiers in the Rubber Hand Illusion: Design of an open source robotic hand to better understand prosthetics

In psychology the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) is an experiment where participants get the feeling that a fake hand is becoming their own. Recently, new testing methods using an action based paradigm have induced stronger RHI. However, these experiments are facing limitations because they are difficult to implement and lack of rigorous experimental conditions. This paper proposes a low-cost open source robotic hand which is easy to manufacture and removes these limitations. This device reproduces fingers movement of the participants in real time. A glove containing sensors is worn by the participant and records fingers flexion. Then a microcontroller drives hobby servo-motors on the robotic hand to reproduce the corresponding fingers position. A connection between the robotic device and a computer can be established, enabling the experimenters to tune precisely the desired parameters using Matlab. Since this is the first time a robotic hand is developed for the RHI, a validation study has been conducted. This study confirms previous results found in the literature. This study also illustrates the fact that the robotic hand can be used to conduct innovative experiments in the RHI field. Understanding such RHI is important because it can provide guidelines for prosthetic design.
Morphologic response to changes in neuromuscular patterns experimentally induced by altered modes of respiration.

The present experiment was designed to test whether specific recordable changes in the neuromuscular system could be associated with specific alterations in soft- and hard-tissue morphology in the craniofacial region. The effect of experimentally induced neuromuscular changes on the craniofacial skeleton and dentition of eight rhesus monkeys was studied. The neuromuscular changes were triggered by complete nasal airway obstruction and the need for an oral airway. Alterations were also triggered 2 years later by removal of the obstruction and the return to nasal breathing. Changes in neuromuscular recruitment patterns resulted in changed function and posture of the mandible, tongue, and upper lip. There was considerable variation among the animals. Statistically significant morphologic effects of the induced changes were documented in several of the measured variables after the 2-year experimental period. The anterior face height increased more in the experimental animals than in the control animals; the occlusal and mandibular plane angles measured to the sella-nasion line increased; and anterior crossbites and malposition of teeth occurred. During the postexperimental period some of these changes were reversed. Alterations in soft-tissue morphology were also observed during both experimental periods. There was considerable variation in morphologic response among the animals. It was concluded that the marked individual variations in skeletal morphology and dentition resulting from the procedures were due to the variation in nature and degree of neuromuscular and soft-tissue adaptations in response to the altered function. The recorded neuromuscular recruitment patterns could not be directly related to specific changes in morphology.
Immersion in the virtual environment: the effect of a musical score on the video gaming experience.

This study provides one of very few experimental investigations into the impact of a musical soundtrack on the video gaming experience. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: game-with-music, game-without-music, or music-only. After playing each of three segments of The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (Electronic Arts, 2002)--or, in the music-only condition, listening to the musical score that accompanies the scene--subjects responded on 21 verbal scales. Results revealed that some, but not all, of the verbal scales exhibited a statistically significant difference due to the presence of a musical score. In addition, both gender and age level were shown to be significant factors for some, but not all, of the verbal scales. Details of the specific ways in which music affects the gaming experience are provided in the body of the paper.
Augmented Reality and Mobile Learning: the State of the Art

In this paper, we examine the state of the art in augmented reality (AR) for mobile learning. Previous work in the field of mobile learning has included AR as a component of a wider toolkit for mobile learning but, to date, little has been done that discusses the phenomenon in detail or that examines its potential for learning, in a balanced fashion that identifies both positive and negative aspects of AR. We seek to provide a working definition of AR and examine how it is embedded within situated learning in outdoor settings. We also attempt to classify AR according to several key aspects (device/technology; mode of interaction; type of media involved; personal or shared experiences; if the experience is portable or static; and the learning activities/outcomes). We discuss the technical and pedagogical challenges presented by AR before looking at ways in which AR can be used for learning. Lastly, the paper looks ahead to what AR technologies may be on the horizon in the near future.
A survey of music recommendation and possible improvements

With the prevalence of the internet, mobile devices and commercial streaming music services, the amount of digital music available is greater than ever. Sorting through all this music is an extremely time-consuming task. Music recommendation systems search through this music automatically and suggest new songs to users. Music recommendation systems have been developed in commercial and academic settings, but more research is needed. The perfect system would handle all the user’s listening needs while requiring only minimal user input. To this end, I have reviewed 20 articles within the field of music recommendation with the goal of finding how the field can be improved. I present a survey of music recommendation, including an explanation of collaborative and content-based filtering with their respective strengths and weaknesses. I propose a novel next-track recommendation system that incorporates techniques advocated by the literature. The system relies heavily on user skipping behavior to drive both a content-based and a collaborative approach. It uses active learning to balance the needs of exploration vs. exploitation in playing music for the user.
Effect of propranolol on verbal problem solving in autism spectrum disorder.

The noradrenergic system modulates performance on tasks dependent on semantic and associative network flexibility (NF) in individuals without neurodevelopmental diagnoses in experiments using a beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol. Some studies suggest drugs decreasing noradrenergic activity are beneficial in ASD. In individuals without neurodevelopmental diagnoses, propranolol is beneficial only for difficult NF-dependent problems. However, in populations with altered noradrenergic regulation, propranolol also benefits performance for simple problems. Due to decreased flexibility of access to networks in ASD, we wished to examine the effect of propranolol on NF in ASD. ASD subjects benefited from propranolol on simple anagrams, whereas control subjects were impaired by propranolol. Further study will be necessary to confirm this finding in a larger sample and to compare clinical response with cognitive response to propranolol.
Nutritional interventions in sarcopenia: where do we stand?

To document recent evidence regarding the role of nutrition as an intervention for sarcopenia.



A review of seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) alone on muscle loss in 147 adults showed greater muscle mass gain in the intervention group, but no benefit in muscle strength and physical performance measures. Three other review articles examined nutrition and exercise as combined intervention, and suggest enhancement of benefits of exercise by nutrition supplements (energy, protein, vitamin D). Four trials reported on nutrition alone as intervention, mainly consisting of whey protein, leucine, HMB and vitamin D, with variable results on muscle mass and function. Four trials examined the combined effects of nutrition combined with exercise, showing improvements in muscle mass and function.



To date, evidence suggests that nutrition intervention alone does have benefit, and certainly enhances the impact of exercise. Nutrients include high-quality protein, leucine, HMB and vitamin D. Long-lasting impact may depend on baseline nutritional status, baseline severity of sarcopenia, and long-lasting adherence to the intervention regime. Future large-scale multicentered RCTs using standardized protocols may provide evidence for formulating guidelines on nutritional intervention for sarcopenia. There is a paucity of data for nursing home populations.
An approach for obtaining unique kinematic solutions of a spherical parallel manipulator

In this paper an approach for obtaining unique solutions to forward and inverse kinematics of a spherical parallel manipulator (SPM) system with revolute joints is proposed. Kinematic analysis of a general SPM with revolute joints is revisited and the proposed approach is formulated in the form of easy-to-follow algorithms that are described in detail. A graphical verification method using SPM computer-aided-design (CAD) models is presented together with numerical and experimental examples that confirm the correctness of the proposed approach. It is expected that this approach can be applied to SPMs with different geometries and can be useful in designing real-time control systems of SPMs.
The RIN: an RNA integrity number for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements

The integrity of RNA molecules is of paramount importance for experiments that try to reflect the snapshot of gene expression at the moment of RNA extraction. Until recently, there has been no reliable standard for estimating the integrity of RNA samples and the ratio of 28S:18S ribosomal RNA, the common measure for this purpose, has been shown to be inconsistent. The advent of microcapillary electrophoretic RNA separation provides the basis for an automated high-throughput approach, in order to estimate the integrity of RNA samples in an unambiguous way. A method is introduced that automatically selects features from signal measurements and constructs regression models based on a Bayesian learning technique. Feature spaces of different dimensionality are compared in the Bayesian framework, which allows selecting a final feature combination corresponding to models with high posterior probability. This approach is applied to a large collection of electrophoretic RNA measurements recorded with an Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer to extract an algorithm that describes RNA integrity. The resulting algorithm is a user-independent, automated and reliable procedure for standardization of RNA quality control that allows the calculation of an RNA integrity number (RIN). Our results show the importance of taking characteristics of several regions of the recorded electropherogram into account in order to get a robust and reliable prediction of RNA integrity, especially if compared to traditional methods.
Heterogeneous integration of microscale compound semiconductor devices by micro-transfer-printing

Integrating microscale electronic devices onto non-native substrates enables new kinds of products with desirable functionalities and cost structures that are inaccessible by conventional means. Micro assembly technologies are the practical ways to make such microscale heterogeneous device combinations possible. Elastomer stamp micro-transferprinting technology (μTP) is a widely-demonstrated form of micro assembly, having demonstrated applicability in optical communications, magnetic storage, concentrator photovoltaics and display technologies. Here we describe new experiments designed to assess the useful lifetime of the viscoelastic elastomer transfer stamp, and also describe the methodology and results for heterogeneous integration of microscale compound semiconductor devices onto non-native substrates using μTP.