nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The whole versus the sum of some of the parts: toward resolving the apparent controversy of clitoral versus vaginal orgasms

The nature of a woman's orgasm has been a source of scientific, political, and cultural debate for over a century. Since the Victorian era, the pendulum has swung from the vagina to the clitoris, and to some extent back again, with the current debate stuck over whether internal sensory structures exist in the vagina that could account for orgasms based largely on their stimulation, or whether stimulation of the external glans clitoris is always necessary for orgasm.



We review the history of the clitoral versus vaginal orgasm debate as it has evolved with conflicting ideas and data from psychiatry and psychoanalysis, epidemiology, evolutionary theory, feminist political theory, physiology, and finally neuroscience.



A new synthesis is presented that acknowledges the enormous potential women have to experience orgasms from one or more sources of sensory input, including the external clitoral glans, internal region around the "G-spot" that corresponds to the internal clitoral bulbs, the cervix, as well as sensory stimulation of non-genital areas such as the nipples.



With experience, stimulation of one or all of these triggering zones are integrated into a "whole" set of sensory inputs, movements, body positions, autonomic arousal, and partner- and contextual-related cues, that reliably induces pleasure and orgasm during masturbation and copulation. The process of integration is iterative and can change across the lifespan with new experiences of orgasm.
Rapid Target Detection in High Resolution Remote Sensing Images Using YOLO Model

Object detection in high resolution remote sensing images is a fundamental and challenging problem in the field of remote sensing imagery analysis for civil and military application due to the complex neighboring environments, which can cause the recognition algorithms to mistake irrelevant ground objects for target objects. Deep Convolution Neural Network(DCNN) is the hotspot in object detection for its powerful ability of feature extraction and has achieved state-of-the-art results in Computer Vision. Common pipeline of object detection based on DCNN consists of region proposal, CNN feature extraction, region classification and post processing. YOLO model frames object detection as a regression problem, using a single CNN predicts bounding boxes and class probabilities in an end-to-end way and make the predict faster. In this paper, a YOLO based model is used for object detection in high resolution sensing images. The experiments on NWPU VHR-10 dataset and our airport/airplane dataset gain from GoogleEarth show that, compare with the common pipeline, the proposed model speeds up the detection process and have good accuracy.
Adaptive devices in young people with upper limb reduction deficiencies: Use and satisfaction.

To evaluate use of, satisfaction with, and social adjustment with adaptive devices compared with prostheses in young people with upper limb reduction deficiencies.



Cross-sectional study of 218 young people with upper limb reduction deficiencies (age range 2-20 years) and their parents. A questionnaire was used to evaluate participants' characteristics, difficulties encountered, and preferred solutions for activities, use satisfaction, and social adjustment with adaptive devices vs prostheses. The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology and a subscale of Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales were used.



Of 218 participants, 58% were boys, 87% had transversal upper limb reduction deficiencies, 76% with past/present use of adaptive devices and 37% with past/present use of prostheses. Young people (> 50%) had difficulties in performing activities. Of 360 adaptive devices, 43% were used for self-care (using cutlery), 28% for mobility (riding a bicycle) and 5% for leisure activities. Prostheses were used for self-care (4%), mobility (9%), communication (3%), recreation and leisure (6%) and work/employment (4%). The preferred solution for difficult activities was using unaffected and affected arms/hands and other body parts (> 60%), adaptive devices (< 48%) and prostheses (< 9%). Satisfaction and social adjustment with adaptive devices were greater than with prostheses (p < 0.05).



Young people with upper limb reduction deficiencies are satisfied and socially well-adjusted with adaptive devices. Adaptive devices are good alternatives to prostheses.
A New Exact Algorithm for the Maximum Weight Clique Problem

Given an undirected graph with weight for each vertex, the maximum weight clique problem is to find the clique of the maximum weight. Östergård proposed a fast exact algorithm for solving this problem. We show his algorithm is not efficient for very dense graphs. We propose an exact algorithm for the problem, which is faster than Östergård’s algorithm in case the graph is dense. We show the efficiency of our algorithm with some experimental results.
Multiple-Use Management of California's Hardwood Resources

Limited information and observations indicate that there are some significant amounts of hardwood residue resources now available in the Central Coast area. Experience gained from man­ aging and marketing eastern hardwoods is considered as our basis for dealing with western hardwood problems. Inventory of the oak resource is discussed as a preliminary requirement for management. In ad­ dition, hardwood marketing, research and extension needs are also considered. Evidence indicates that western hardwood use will be improved by better funded programs of re­ search and extension in residue utilization and marketing. Improved hardwood utilization will yield both direct and indirect benefits. Direct benefits include additional, better quality wood at lower consumer cost and increased tax receipts. Other, indirect benefits include improved hardwood forest management, better fire management, and im­ proved multiple resource management for watershed, range and recreation values. forest and rangeland owners and industries better market existing and new products?" Several strat­ egies have been identified including: 1.) research and develop new products (e.g., furniture, panels, pre-fab products) to meet identified demand; 2.) im­ prove utilization of California timber species; 3.) develop active marketing associations for ex­ port of forest and range products; 4.) set up pro­ duction teams to brainstorm, Identify innovative programs, and analyze current and potential markets; 5.) improve marketing techniques to increase demand through advertising and other techniques. Other strategies have been identified, but the above directly apply to the issue of extending utilizaiton [sic] the California hardwood resource. It is our con­ tention that better land management will occur on California's hardwood lands through better utili­ zation. Ranchers, for example, would approach hard­ wood land as areas to be managed rather than con­ verted to grasslands given a better economic picture through integrated multiple use management (e.g., wildlife, range, hardwood utilization). The purpose of this paper is to explore non-tra­ ditional approaches to multiple use management of the hardwood lands in Central California. Tradi­ tionally, the full value of California's oak and hardwood resources has not been widely recognized. Until the late 1950's, oak was a major material that supported the sizable Central Coast charcoal busi­ ness. More recently, since the Arab Oil Embargo in the early 1970's, the California oak resource has again been recognized as an important fuelwood re­ source. However, aside from this wood energy use, only a very limited use has been made of the Cal­ ifornia oak resource. A few sawmills now manufac­ ture a limited amount of oak lumber, and oaks have
Obstructive congenital epulis.

Congenital epulis, known as a congenital gingival granular cell tumor, is a benign tumor and very rare in newborns. Voluminous or multiple tumors can cause mechanical obstruction of the oral cavity and may result in postnatal feeding and respiratory problems.



We report the clinical case of a female full-term newborn who presented a tumor on the upper gum obtruding into the oral cavity discovered at birth. The pregnancy was followed normally with three prenatal ultrasounds, which did not show abnormalities. The mass was excised under local anesthesia on the second day of life. The outcome was good after surgery and regular feedings were started on the second postoperative day. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of gingival tumor with granular cells and absence of signs of malignancy.



Prenatal diagnosis is fundamental in the therapeutic approach to this rare lesion but remains difficult because the findings are non specific and the generally late development of the tumor.
Rhythm Control Versus Rate Control and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Results From the ORBIT-AF Registry.

The study sought to evaluate clinical outcomes in clinical practice with rhythm control versus rate control strategy for management of atrial fibrillation (AF).



Randomized trials have not demonstrated significant differences in stroke, heart failure, or mortality between rhythm and rate control strategies. The comparative outcomes in contemporary clinical practice are not well described.



Patients managed with a rhythm control strategy targeting maintenance of sinus rhythm were retrospectively compared with a strategy of rate control alone in a AF registry across various U.S. practice settings. Unadjusted and adjusted (inverse-propensity weighted) outcomes were estimated.



The overall study population (N = 6,988) had a median of 74 (65 to 81) years of age, 56% were males, 77% had first detected or paroxysmal AF, and 68% had CHADS2 score ≥2. In unadjusted analyses, rhythm control was associated with lower all-cause death, cardiovascular death, first stroke/non-central nervous system systemic embolization/transient ischemic attack, or first major bleeding event (all p < 0.05); no difference in new onset heart failure (p = 0.28); and more frequent cardiovascular hospitalizations (p = 0.0006). There was no difference in the incidence of pacemaker, defibrillator, or cardiac resynchronization device implantations (p = 0.99). In adjusted analyses, there were no statistical differences in clinical outcomes between rhythm control and rate control treated patients (all p > 0.05); however, rhythm control was associated with more cardiovascular hospitalizations (hazard ratio: 1.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.10 to 1.39; p = 0.0003).



Among patients with AF, rhythm control was not superior to rate control strategy for outcomes of stroke, heart failure, or mortality, but was associated with more cardiovascular hospitalizations.
Probiotics in shrimp aquaculture: avenues and challenges.

As an alternative strategy to antibiotic use in aquatic disease management, probiotics have recently attracted extensive attention in aquaculture. However, the use of terrestrial bacterial species as probiotics for aquaculture has had limited success, as bacterial strain characteristics are dependent upon the environment in which they thrive. Therefore, isolating potential probiotic bacteria from the marine environment in which they grow optimally is a better approach. Bacteria that have been used successfully as probiotics belong to the genus Vibrio and Bacillus, and the species Thalassobacter utilis. Most researchers have isolated these probiotic strains from shrimp culture water, or from the intestine of different penaeid species. The use of probiotic bacteria, based on the principle of competitive exclusion, and the use of immunostimulants are two of the most promising preventive methods developed in the fight against diseases during the last few years. It also noticed that probiotic bacteria could produce some digestive enzymes, which might improve the digestion of shrimp, thus enhancing the ability of stress resistance and health of the shrimp. However, the probiotics in aquatic environment remain to be a controversial concept, as there was no authentic evidence / real environment demonstrations on the successful use of probiotics and their mechanisms of action in vivo. The present review highlights the potential sources of probiotics, mechanism of action, diversity of probiotic microbes and challenges of probiotic usage in shrimp aquaculture.
New processes and players in the nitrogen cycle: the microbial ecology of anaerobic and archaeal ammonia oxidation

Microbial activities drive the global nitrogen cycle, and in the past few years, our understanding of nitrogen cycling processes and the micro-organisms that mediate them has changed dramatically. During this time, the processes of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and ammonia oxidation within the domain Archaea, have been recognized as two new links in the global nitrogen cycle. All available evidence indicates that these processes and organisms are critically important in the environment, and particularly in the ocean. Here we review what is currently known about the microbial ecology of anaerobic and archaeal ammonia oxidation, highlight relevant unknowns and discuss the implications of these discoveries for the global nitrogen and carbon cycles.
Tangible Interaction in Mixed Reality Systems

In this chapter, we discuss the design of tangible interaction techniques for Mixed Reality environments. We begin by recalling some conceptual models of tangible interaction. Then, we propose an engineering-oriented software/hardware co-design process, based on our experience in developing tangible user interfaces. We present three different tangible user interfaces for real-world applications, and analyse the feedback from the user studies that we conducted. In summary, we conclude that, since tangible user interfaces are part of the real world and provide a seamless interaction with virtual words, they are well-adapted to mix together reality and virtuality. Hence, tangible interaction optimizes a users' virtual tasks, especially in manipulating and controlling 3D digital data in 3D space.
Interleaved LLC Resonant Converter With Hybrid Rectifier and Variable-Frequency Plus Phase-Shift Control for Wide Output Voltage Range Applications

A family of two-phase interleaved LLC (iLLC) resonant converter with hybrid rectifier is proposed for wide output voltage range applications. The primary sides of the two LLC converters are in parallel, and the connection of the secondary windings in the two LLC converters can be regulated by the hybrid rectifier according to the output voltage. Variable frequency control is employed to regulate the output voltage and the secondary windings are in series when the output voltage is high. Fixed-frequency phase-shift control is adopted to regulate the configuration of the secondary windings as well as the output voltage when the output voltage is low. The output voltage range is extended by adaptively changing the configuration of the hybrid rectifier, which results in reduced switching frequency range, circulating current, and conduction losses of the LLC  resonant tank. Zero voltage switching and zero current switching are achieved for all the active switches and diodes, respectively, within the entire operation range. The operation principles are analyzed and a 3.5 kW prototype with 400 V input voltage and 150–500 V output voltage is built and tested to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Constrained Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of an MMA Polymerization Process via Evolutionary Optimization

In this work, a nonlinear model predictive controller is developed for a batch polymerization process. The physical model of the process is parameterized along a desired trajectory resulting in a trajectory linearized piecewise model (a multiple linear model bank) and the parameters are identified for an experimental polymerization reactor. Then, a multiple model adaptive predictive controller is designed for thermal trajectory tracking of the MMA polymerization. The input control signal to the process is constrained by the maximum thermal power provided by the heaters. The constrained optimization in the model predictive controller is solved via genetic algorithms to minimize a DMC cost function in each sampling interval.
Diagnosis and management of filler adverse effects: an algorithm.

Fillers are frequently used in beautifying procedures. Despite major advancements of the chemical and biological features of injected materials, filler-related adverse events may occur, and can substantially impact the clinical outcome. Filler granulomas become manifest as visible grains, nodules, or papules around the site of the primary injection. Early recognition and proper treatment of filler-related complications is important because effective treatment options are available. In this report, we provide a comprehensive overview of the differential diagnosis and diagnostics and develop an algorithm of successful therapy regimens.
Gratifications and social network service usage: The mediating role of online experience

This paper incorporates dual theories from communication research (uses and gratifications) and psychology research (online flow) to examine consumer behavior in using social network services. Particularly, the study proposes that consumer online experience of interaction and arousal serves as the mediator between social motivations and use behaviors. The empirical results indicate that arousal fully mediates the relationship between social gratifications and problematic social network service use. Furthermore, both interaction and arousal are partial mediators between social gratifications and the intention to revisit social networking websites.
Disambiguation of patent inventors and assignees using high-resolution geolocation data

Patent data represent a significant source of information on innovation, knowledge production, and the evolution of technology through networks of citations, co-invention and co-assignment. A major obstacle to extracting useful information from this data is the problem of name disambiguation: linking alternate spellings of individuals or institutions to a single identifier to uniquely determine the parties involved in knowledge production and diffusion. In this paper, we describe a new algorithm that uses high-resolution geolocation to disambiguate both inventors and assignees on about 8.5 million patents found in the European Patent Office (EPO), under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), and in the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). We show this disambiguation is consistent with a number of ground-truth benchmarks of both assignees and inventors, significantly outperforming the use of undisambiguated names to identify unique entities. A significant benefit of this work is the high quality assignee disambiguation with coverage across the world coupled with an inventor disambiguation (that is competitive with other state of the art approaches) in multiple patent offices.
Granuloma annulare of the penis: a uncommon location for an usual disease.

The subcutaneous clinical variant of granuloma annulare (GA) is rare and tends to present more frequently in children, in locations unusual for conventional GA. Involvement of the penis is exceptional and has been rarely reported. Most cases are located in the shaft of the penis and tend to persist without spontaneous remission. Diagnosis is done only after biopsy, and surgical resection of the lesions is not unusual. We report a new case of subcutaneous GA of the penis in a 13-year-old boy with lesions persistent for the past year. Surgical excision of one of them allowed the correct diagnosis. No further treatment was done, and the condition has not remitted 1 year later. We stress the importance of clinical recognition of unusual presentations of GA to avoid overtreatment of lesions that do not need an aggressive approach.
CONTINUOUS TENSOR PRODUCTS , AND E 0-SEMIGROUPS

We classify all continuous tensor product systems of Hilbert spaces which are “infinitely divisible” in the sense that they have an associated logarithmic structure. These results are applied to the theory of E0-semigroups to deduce that every E0-semigroup possessing sufficiently many “decomposable” operators must be cocycle conjugate to a CCR flow. A path space is an abstraction of the set of paths in a topological space, on which there is given an associative rule of concatenation. A metric path space is a pair (P, g) consisting of a path space P and a function g : P 2 → C which behaves as if it were the logarithm of a multiplicative inner product. The logarithmic structures associated with infinitely divisible product systems are such objects. The preceding results are based on a classification of metric path spaces.
General-purpose image forensics using patch likelihood under image statistical models

This paper proposes a new, conceptually simple and effective forensic method to address both the generality and the fine-grained tampering localization problems of image forensics. Corresponding to each kind of image operation, a rich GMM (Gaussian Mixture Model) is learned as the image statistical model for small image patches. Thereafter, the binary classification problem, whether a given image block has been previously processed, can be solved by comparing the average patch log-likelihood values calculated on overlapping image patches under different GMMs of original and processed images. With comparisons to a powerful steganalytic feature, experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, for multiple image operations, on whole images and small blocks.
Cheilitis Glandularis: A Case Report.

Cheilitis Glandularis is an uncommon and rare inflammatory salivary gland disorder affecting the lower lip of adults with various etiological and predisposing factors. Based on clinical and histopathological findings three types of cheilitis glandularis have been described in the literature (i.e. simple, superficial suppurative and Deep Suppurative). The simple type being the most common but malignant changes have been observed in Deep Suppurative type. We report a case of cheilitis glandularis affecting lower lip in 20 years old female which is rare in that age and sex.
SME Adoption of Enterprise Systems in the Northwest of England - An Environmental, Technological, and Organizational Perspective

The attention of software vendors has moved recently to SMEs (smallto medium-sized enterprises), offering them a vast range of enterprise systems (ES), which were formerly adopted by large firms only. From reviewing information technology innovation adoption literature, it can be argued that IT innovations are highly differentiated technologies for which there is not necessarily a single adoption model. Additionally, the question of why one SME adopts an ES while another does not is still understudied. This study intends to fill this gap by investigating the factors impacting SME adoption of ES. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study involving key decision makers in nine SMEs in the Northwest of England. The contribution of this study is twofold: it provides a framework that can be used as a theoretical basis for studying SME adoption of ES, and it empirically examines the impact of the factors within this framework on SME adoption of ES. The findings of this study confirm that factors impacting the adoption of ES are different from factors impacting SME adoption of other previously studied IT innovations. Contrary to large companies that are mainly affected by organizational factors, this study shows that SMEs are not only affected by environmental factors as previously established, but also affected by technological and organizational factors.