nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Pander to ponder

Ponder means "to weigh in the mind with thoroughness and care" . Pander means "to cater to the weaknesses and base desires of others" . We report on a course we have designed and delivered over a six year period. The course was originally designed as a technical writing course for majors, but has evolved into a non-major's version whose enrollment ranks it as one of the three most highly-enrolled and thus arguably most popular courses for undergraduates at our university. We have worked diligently to ensure that students ponder the topics and problems that comprise the material for the course --- and the material is deeply technical at many levels. We have also pandered to student needs in meeting curriculum requirements, offering the course at a time convenient for athletes and others, and using popular media when possible. We started with the goal of engendering interest and passion for computer science and how it affects the world. We report on our efforts to attain this goal while keeping material appropriately technical. We claim our students are engaged in a different type of computational thinking than that espoused in [32, 5, 15]. For the purposes of this paper and discussion we call our approach pander-to-ponder. We provide examples and illustrations of the material we cover, relate it to similar courses at other institutions, and show how we use problems to motivate learning. In the work we report on here the learning is specific to understanding how contributions from computer science are changing the world.
Insecticide resistance in house flies from the United States: resistance levels and frequency of pyrethroid resistance alleles.

Although insecticide resistance is a widespread problem for most insect pests, frequently the assessment of resistance occurs over a limited geographic range. Herein, we report the first widespread survey of insecticide resistance in the USA ever undertaken for the house fly, Musca domestica, a major pest in animal production facilities. The levels of resistance to six different insecticides were determined (using discriminating concentration bioassays) in 10 collections of house flies from dairies in nine different states. In addition, the frequencies of Vssc and CYP6D1 alleles that confer resistance to pyrethroid insecticides were determined for each fly population. Levels of resistance to the six insecticides varied among states and insecticides. Resistance to permethrin was highest overall and most consistent across the states. Resistance to methomyl was relatively consistent, with 65-91% survival in nine of the ten collections. In contrast, resistance to cyfluthrin and pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide varied considerably (2.9-76% survival). Resistance to imidacloprid was overall modest and showed no signs of increasing relative to collections made in 2004, despite increasing use of this insecticide. The frequency of Vssc alleles that confer pyrethroid resistance was variable between locations. The highest frequencies of kdr, kdr-his and super-kdr were found in Minnesota, North Carolina and Kansas, respectively. In contrast, the New Mexico population had the highest frequency (0.67) of the susceptible allele. The implications of these results to resistance management and to the understanding of the evolution of insecticide resistance are discussed.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network to Detect J-UNIWARD

This paper presents an empirical study on applying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detecting J-UNIWARD -- one of the most secure JPEG steganographic method. Experiments guiding the architectural design of the CNNs have been conducted on the JPEG compressed BOSSBase containing 10,000 covers of size 512×512. Results have verified that both the pooling method and the depth of the CNNs are critical for performance. Results have also proved that a 20-layer CNN, in general, outperforms the most sophisticated feature-based methods, but its advantage gradually diminishes on hard-to-detect cases. To show that the performance generalizes to large-scale databases and to different cover sizes, one experiment has been conducted on the CLS-LOC dataset of ImageNet containing more than one million covers cropped to unified size of 256×256. The proposed 20-layer CNN has cut the error achieved by a CNN recently proposed for large-scale JPEG steganalysis by 35%. Source code is available via GitHub: https://github.com/GuanshuoXu/deep_cnn_jpeg_steganalysis
Deep Inference of Personality Traits by Integrating Image and Word Use in Social Networks

Social media, as a major platform for communication and information exchange, is a rich repository of the opinions and sentiments of 2.3 billion users about a vast spectrum of topics. To sense the whys of certain social user’s demands and cultural-driven interests, however, the knowledge embedded in the 1.8 billion pictures which are uploaded daily in public profiles has just started to be exploited since this process has been typically been text-based. Following this trend on visual-based social analysis, we present a novel methodology based on Deep Learning to build a combined image-and-text based personality trait model, trained with images posted together with words found highly correlated to specific personality traits. So the key contribution here is to explore whether OCEAN personality trait modeling can be addressed based on images, here called MindPics, appearing with certain tags with psychological insights. We found that there is a correlation between those posted images and their accompanying texts, which can be successfully modeled using deep neural networks for personality estimation. The experimental results are consistent with previous cyber-psychology results based on texts or images. In addition, classification results on some traits show that some patterns emerge in the set of images corresponding to a specific text, in essence to those representing an abstract concept. These results open new avenues of research for further refining the proposed personality model under the supervision of psychology experts. 1Computer Vision Center and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici O, 08193 Bellaterra (Catalonia Spain) 2Wide Eyes Technology, C/ Galileo 303-305, 08028 Barcelona (Catalonia Spain) 3Visual Tagging Services, Edifici O, 08193 Bellaterra (Catalonia Spain) 1 ar X iv :1 80 2. 06 75 7v 1 [ cs .C Y ] 6 F eb 2 01 8
NOTES ON CLASS FIELD THEORY, POSTECH SUMMER SCHOOL 2010

Preface 1 Preliminaries: Galois theory, algebraic number theory 2 Lecture 1. CFT of Q: classical (Mo. 19/7/10, 9:40–10:40) 4 Lecture 2. CFT of Q: via adeles (Mo. 19/7/10, 11:00–12:00) 6 Lecture 3. Local CFT, local-global compatibility (Tu. 20/7/10, 9:40–10:40) 8 Lecture 4. Global CFT, l-adic characters (Tu. 20/7/10, 11:00–12:00) 10 Appendix A. More on GLC for GL1: algebraic Hecke characters 12 Appendix B. More on GLC for GL1: algebraic Galois characters 14 Exercises 15 References 16 Index 17
Is mad cow disease caused by a bacteria?

Transmissible spongioform enchephalopathies (TSE's), include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also called BSE or "mad cow disease"), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, and scrapie in sheep. They remain a mystery, their cause hotly debated. But between 1994 and 1996, 12 people in England came down with CJD, the human form of mad cow, and all had eaten beef from suspect cows. Current mad cow diagnosis lies solely in the detection of late appearing "prions", an acronym for hypothesized, gene-less, misfolded proteins, somehow claimed to cause the disease. Yet laboratory preparations of prions contain other things, which could include unidentified bacteria or viruses. Furthermore, the rigors of prion purification alone, might, in and of themselves, have killed the causative virus or bacteria. Therefore, even if samples appear to infect animals, it is impossible to prove that prions are causative. Manuelidis found viral-like particles, which even when separated from prions, were responsible for spongiform STE's. Subsequently, Lasmezas's study showed that 55% of mice injected with cattle BSE, and who came down with disease, had no detectable prions. Still, incredibly, prions, are held as existing TSE dogma and Heino Dringer, who did pioneer work on their nature, candidly predicts "it will turn out that the prion concept is wrong." Many animals that die of spongiform TSE's never show evidence of misfolded proteins, and Dr. Frank Bastian, of Tulane, an authority, thinks the disorder is caused by the bacterial DNA he found in this group of diseases. Recently, Roels and Walravens isolated Mycobacterium bovis it from the brain of a cow with the clinical and histopathological signs of mad cow. Moreover, epidemiologic maps of the origins and peak incidence of BSE in the UK, suggestively match those of England's areas of highest bovine tuberculosis, the Southwest, where Britain's mad cow epidemic began. The neurotoxic potential for cow tuberculosis was shown in  England, where one quarter of all tuberculous meningitis victims suffered from Mycobacterium bovis infection. And Harley's study showed pathology identical to "mad cow" from systemic M. bovis in cattle, causing a tuberculous spongiform encephalitis. In addition to M. bovis, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (fowl tuberculosis) causes Johne's disease, a problem known and neglected in cattle and sheep for almost a century, and rapidly emerging as the disease of the new millennium. Not only has M. paratuberculosis been found in human Crohn's disease, but both Crohn's and Johne's both cross-react with the antigens of cattle paratuberculosis. Furthermore, central neurologic manifestations of Crohn's disease are not unknown. There is no known disease which better fits into what is occurring in Mad Cow and the spongiform enchephalopathies than bovine tuberculosis and its blood-brain barrier penetrating, virus-like, cell-wall-deficient forms. It is for these reasons that future research needs to be aimed in this direction.
A Robust Method for Prevention of Second Order and Stored Procedure based SQL Injections

Today&apos;s interconnected computer network is complex and is constantly growing in size . As per OWASP Top10 list 2013[1] the top vulnerability in web application is listed as injection attack. SQL injection[2] is the most dangerous attack among injection attacks. Most of the available techniques provide an incomplete solution. While attacking using SQL injection attacker probably use space, single quotes or double dashes in his input so as to change the indented meaning of the runtime query generated based on these inputs. Stored procedure based and second order SQL injection are two types of SQL injection that are difficult to detect and hence difficult to prevent. This work concentrates on Stored procedure based and second
Smart distributed subarray MIMO (DS-MIMO) microstrip antenna system with frequency agile for communication and radar applications

Recent technologies enable electronic and RF circuits in communication devices and radar to be miniaturized and become physically smaller in size. Antenna design has been one of the key limiting constraints to the development of small communication terminals and also in meeting next generation and radar requirements. Multiple antenna technologies (MATs) have gained much attention in the last few years because of the huge gain. MATs can enhance the reliability and the channel capacity levels. Furthermore, multiple antenna systems can have a big contribution to reduce the interference both in the uplink and the downlink. To increase the communication systems reliability, multiple antennas can be installed at the transmitter or/and at the receiver. The idea behind multiple antenna diversity is to supply the receiver by multiple versions of the same signal transmitted via independent channels. In modern communication transceiver and radar systems, primary aims are to direct high power RF signal from transmitter to antenna while preventing leakage of that large signal into more sensitive frontend of receiver. So, a Single-Pole Double-Throw (SPDT) Transmitter/Receiver (T/R) Switch plays an important role. In this paper, design of smart distributed subarray MIMO (DS-MIMO) microstrip antenna system with controller unit and frequency agile has been introduced and investigated. All the entire proposed antenna system has been evaluated using a commercial software. The final proposed design has been fabricated and the radiation characteristics have been illustrated using network analyzer to meet the requirements for communication and radar applications.
The IoT LoRa system design for tracking and monitoring patient with mental disorder

This paper aims to propose a system design, working on the basis of the Internet of Things (IoT) LoRa, for tracking and monitoring the patient with mental disorder. The system consists of a LoRa client, which is a tracking device on end devices installed on the patient, and LoRa gateways, installed in hospitals and other public locations. The LoRa gateways are connected to local servers and cloud servers by utilizing both mobile cellular and Wi-Fi networks as the communications media. The feasibility of the system design is developed by employing the results of our previous work on LoRa performance in the Line of Sight (LoS) and Non-Line of Sight (Non-LoS) environments. Discussions are presented concerning the LoRa network performance, battery power and scalability. The future work is to build the proposed the design in a real system scenarios.
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in multiple myeloma: from basic biology to clinical promise.

Multiple myeloma (MM), a cancer of terminally differentiated plasma cells, is the second most common hematological malignancy. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow that remains in close association with other cells in the marrow microenvironment. In addition to the genomic alterations that commonly occur in MM, the interaction with cells in the marrow microenvironment promotes signaling events within the myeloma cells that enhances survival of MM cells. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is such a pathway that is aberrantly activated in a large proportion of MM patients through numerous mechanisms and can play a role in resistance to several existing therapies making this a central pathway in MM pathophysiology. Here, we review the pathway, its role in MM, promising preclinical results obtained thus far and the clinical promise that drugs targeting this pathway have in MM.
Teaching ferroresonance in power system to undergraduate students by using MATLAB-SIMULINK

Accurate knowledge characteristics of a power system are very essential to have an idea of its operation conditions. The ferroresonant circuit exhibits oscillations characterized by frequency that is in accordance to the voltage applied on, and the currents circulating through the components of the circuit. The dominant frequency of these periodic oscillations could be the network frequency (fundamental ferroresonance) or a fraction of it (sub-harmonic ferroresonance). This phenomenon (both fundamental and sub-harmonic ferroresonance) is characterized by overvoltages or overcurrents, which may provoke the equipment damage and malfunctioning of the protective devices. The article presents an approach to teaching high voltage laboratory using specially designed exercises that can be done using MATLAB 6.5. This article present a MATLAB based technology to simulate ferroresonance in power system. Evaluation of the simulation with more than 30 students is very positive in terms of their developing confidence in and understanding of this simulation. 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 347 357, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com; DOI 10.1002/cae.20316
Conversation with and through computers

People design what they say specifically for their conversational partners, and they adapt to their partners over the course of a conversation. A comparison of keyboard conversations involving a simulated computer partner (as in a natural language interface) with those involving a human partner (as in teleconferencing) yielded striking differences and some equally striking similarities. For instance, there were significantly fewer acknowledgments in human/computer dialogue than in human/human. However, regardless of the conversational partner, people expected connectedness across conversational turns. In addition, the style of a partner's response shaped what people subsequently typed. These results suggest some issues that need to be addressed before a natural language computer interface will be able to hold up its end of a conversation.
Frame-level Instrument Recognition by Timbre and Pitch

Instrument recognition is a fundamental task in music information retrieval, yet little has been done to predict the presence of instruments in multi-instrument music for each time frame. This task is important for not only automatic transcription but also many retrieval problems. In this paper, we use the newly released MusicNet dataset to study this front, by building and evaluating a convolutional neural network for making frame-level instrument prediction. We consider it as a multi-label classification problem for each frame and use frame-level annotations as the supervisory signal in training the network. Moreover, we experiment with different ways to incorporate pitch information to our model, with the premise that doing so informs the model the notes that are active per frame, and also encourages the model to learn relative rates of energy buildup in the harmonic partials of different instruments. Experiments show salient performance improvement over baseline methods. We also report an analysis probing how pitch information helps the instrument prediction task. Code and experiment details can be found at https://biboamy. github.io/instrument-recognition/.
Schottky diode rectifier for power harvesting application

This paper presents a study of rectifier prototype and diode modelization. The rectifying circuit with single Schottky diode HSMS-2860 at 2.45 GHz is proposed for energy harvesting applications. In such applications, the input power is very low, mainly about -20 dBm. Based on an analysis of matching circuit, the rectifiers with single stub matching circuit, with radial stubs low pass filter, or with compact structure were designed by using circuit simulation and co-simulation in ADS. The output DC voltages of 36.2 mV and the conversion efficiency of 1.3% were measured over a load resistance of 10 kΩ for -20 dBm microwave incident power.
Nanolubricant Oil Additives for Performance Improvement of the Intermediate Gearbox in the AH-64 D Helicopter

This paper presents a new nanolubricant for the intermediate gearbox of the Apache aircraft. Historically, the intermediate gearbox has been prone for grease leaking and this natural-occurring fault has negatively impacted the airworthiness of the aircraft. In this study, the incorporation of graphite nanoparticles in mobile aviation gear oil is presented as a nanofluid with excellent thermo-physical properties. Condition-based maintenance practices are demonstrated where four nanoparticle additive oil samples with different concentrations are tested in a full-scale tail rotor drive-train test stand, in addition to, a baseline sample for comparison purposes. Different condition monitoring results suggest the capacity of the nanofluids to have significant gearbox performance benefits when compared to the base oil.
Why is low waist-to-chest ratio attractive in males? The mediating roles of perceived dominance, fitness, and protection ability.

Past research suggests that a lower waist-to-chest ratio (WCR) in men (i.e., narrower waist and broader chest) is viewed as attractive by women. However, little work has directly examined why low WCRs are preferred. The current work merged insights from theory and past research to develop a model examining perceived dominance, fitness, and protection ability as mediators of to WCR-attractiveness relationship. These mediators and their link to both short-term (sexual) and long-term (relational) attractiveness were simultaneously tested by having 151 women rate one of 15 avatars, created from 3D body scans. Men with lower WCR were perceived as more physically dominant, physically fit, and better able to protect loved ones; these characteristics differentially mediated the effect of WCR on short-term, long-term, and general attractiveness ratings. Greater understanding of the judgments women form regarding WCR may yield insights into motivations by men to manipulate their body image.
The separation of anatomic components technique for the reconstruction of massive midline abdominal wall defects: anatomy, surgical technique, applications, and limitations revisited.

Reconstruction of massive abdominal wall defects has long been a vexing clinical problem. A landmark development for the autogenous tissue reconstruction of these difficult wounds was the introduction of "components of anatomic separation" technique by Ramirez et al. This method uses bilateral, innervated, bipedicle, rectus abdominis-transversus abdominis-internal oblique muscle flap complexes transposed medially to reconstruct the central abdominal wall. Enamored with this concept, this institution sought to define the limitations and complications and to quantify functional outcome with the use of this technique. During a 4-year period (July of 1991 to 1995), 22 patients underwent reconstruction of massive midline abdominal wounds. The defects varied in size from 6 to 14 cm in width and from 10 to 24 cm in height. Causes included removal of infected synthetic mesh material (n = 7), recurrent hernia (n = 4), removal of split-thickness skin graft and dense abdominal wall cicatrix (n = 4), parastomal hernia (n = 2), primary incisional hernia (n = 2), trauma/enteric sepsis (n = 2), and tumor resection (abdominal wall desmoid tumor involving the right rectus abdominis muscle) (n = 1). Twenty patients were treated with mobilization of both rectus abdominis muscles, and in two patients one muscle complex was used. The plane of "separation" was the interface between the external and internal oblique muscles. A quantitative dynamic assessment of the abdominal wall was performed in two patients by using a Cybex TEF machine, with analysis of truncal flexion strength being undertaken preoperatively and at 6 months after surgery. Patients achieved wound healing in all cases with one operation. Minor complications included superficial infection in two patients and a wound seroma in one. One patient developed a recurrent incisional hernia 8 months postoperatively. There was one postoperative death caused by multisystem organ failure. One patient required the addition of synthetic mesh to achieve abdominal closure. This case involved a thin patient whose defect exceeded 16 cm in width. There has been no clinically apparent muscle weakness in the abdomen over that present preoperatively. Analysis of preoperative and postoperative truncal force generation revealed a 40 percent increase in strength in the two patients tested on a Cybex machine. Reoperation was possible through the reconstructed abdominal wall in two patients without untoward sequela. This operation is an effective method for autogenous reconstruction of massive midline abdominal wall defects. It can be used either as a primary mode of defect closure or to treat the complications of trauma, surgery, or various diseases.