nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A PNP-triggered SCR with improved trigger techniques for high-speed I/O ESD protection in deep sub-micron CMOS LSIs

A PNP-triggered SCR with improved trigger techniques is proposed for high-speed I/O ESD protection. By using these techniques, a high trigger voltage, VTRIG, for latch-up immunity during normal operating conditions, together with a low trigger voltage, Vt1, during ESD stress conditions, can be realized with simple design. Moreover, I/O circuits including the ESD protection are operable at a higher voltage than an on-chip core VDD. The PNP-triggered SCR is demonstrated in our 90 nm CMOS technology, suitable trigger voltages at both conditions (VTRIG = 4.0 V@125degC/ Vt1 = 2.0 V), and good ESD performances (HBM: 3500 V/ MM: 200 V) are achieved.
Fast Edge-Based Detection and Localization of Transport Boxes and Pallets in RGB-D Images for Mobile Robot Bin Picking

Mobile manipulation tasks in shopfloor logistics require robots to grasp objects from various transport containers such as boxes and pallets. In this paper, we present an efficient processing pipeline that detects and localizes boxes and pallets in RGB-D images. Our method is based on edges in both the color image and the depth image and uses a RANSAC approach for reliably localizing the detected containers. Experiments show that the proposed method reliably detects and localizes both container types while guaranteeing low processing times.
Review of Printed-Circuit-Board Level EMI/EMC Issues and Tools

A comprehensive review of printed circuit board (PCB) electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues, analysis techniques, and possible solutions would fill a large book or more. This review takes a quick look at where the technology of PCB EMC control has been, where it is today, and where it needs to go for the future. As data rates on PCBs have increased, new problems have arisen, requiring new analysis techniques and new solutions. Further development will be needed to keep up with the ever-increasing data rates and smaller form factors.
Mapping Study about Usability Requirements Elicitation

The HCI community has developed guidelines and recommendations for improving the usability system that are usually applied at the last stages of the software development process. On the other hand, the SE community has developed sound methods to elicit functional requirements in the early stages, but usability has been relegated to the last stages together with other nonfunctional requirements. Therefore, there are no methods of usability requirements elicitation to develop software within both communities. An example of this problem arises if we focus on the Model-Driven Development paradigm, where the methods and tools that are used to develop software do not support usability requirements elicitation. In order to study the existing publications that deal with usability requirements from the first steps of the software development process, this work presents a mapping study. Our aim is to compare usability requirements methods and to identify the strong points of each one.
Patients Online Registration System : Feasibility and Perceptions

This study attempts to measure patient and Registration and Admission (R&A) staff satisfaction levels towards the Traditional Queuing Method (TQM) in comparison with a proposed Online Registration System (ORS). This study also investigates patients’ perceptions of the ORS and the feasibility and acceptance of the R&A staff in a healthcare organization.  A stratified random sampling technique was used to distribute 385 questionnaires among outpatients registration area to gather indicating information and perspectives. Additionally, eleven face-to-face semi-structured interviews with front line hospital workers in the R&A department were conducted using a thematic content analysis approach to analyze the contents and produce results. In order for the researcher to have a direct understanding of the registration processes and activities and to gain a better understanding of the patients’ behaviors and attitudes toward them; a non-participant observation approach was conducted where observational encounters’ notes were taken and then analyzed.  It was found that most outpatient population (patients and registration staff) prefer ORS for a range of reasons including time consumption, cost benefit, patient comfort, data sensitivity, effortless, easiness, accuracy, and less errors. On the other hand, around 10% of them chose to go on with the TQM. Their reasons ranged from the unavailability of computer devices or internet connections to their educational backgrounds or physical disabilities. Computing devices and internet availability proved not to be an issue for the successful implementation of the ORS system, as most participants consented to having an internet connection or a device to enter ORS system (91%).  Since more than half of the participated patients were unhappy with the TQM at registration desks (59.7%), this dissatisfaction should be addressed by an ORS implementaion that would reduce waiting time, enhance the level of attention, and improve services from frontline staff toward patients’ care.
Bi-directional input/output circuits with integrated level shifters for near-threshold computing

Interfacing techniques for near-threshold computing are described in this paper. A bi-directional input/output circuit with integrated level shifters is proposed for multiple near-threshold power domains. The circuit provides conversion ranges of 0.38 V to 1.2 V and 0.45 V to 3.3 V depending on the targeted output voltage. Eight different configurations of I/O circuits are evaluated with level shifters implemented with a standard current mirror, cross coupled, and the proposed single ended topology. The use of a single ended level shifter provides the optimum power-delay point. The I/O circuit, at a core voltage of 0.45 V, consumes 4.87 mW with a fanout of four (FO4) delay of 0.46 for a VDOUT and VPAD voltage of, respectively, 0.45 V and 3.3 V. For a VDD, L of 0.625 V and VDD, H of 1.5 V, the delay and total power consumption of the single ended level shifter are, respectively, 0.74x and 0.4x that of a current mirror level shifter.
FPGA Implementation of a Trained Neural Network

This work presents the implementation of a trained Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for a certain application. A Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) has been synthesized and implemented on Spartan3 FPGA. The weight matrices and bias has been provided by separate simulation software like MATLAB/Simulink. The implemented network has been verified in Xilinx ISE using Verilog programming language. The device utilization summary illustrates that the implemented perceptron utilizes few slices on FPGA which makes it suitable for large scale implementation. The implementation of FPGA based neural network is verified for a specific application. KeywordsArtificial Neural Network, FPGA implementation, Multilayer Perceptron(MLP), Verilog.
A Survey of Distributed Query Optimization

The distributed query optimization is one of the hardest problems in the database area. The great commercial success of database systems is partly due to the development of sophisticated query optimization technology where users pose queries in a declarative way using SQL or OQL and the optimizer of the database system finds a good way (i. e. plan) to execute these queries. The optimizer, for example, determines which indices should be used to execute a query and in which order the operations of a query (e. g. joins, selects, and projects) should be executed. To this end, the optimizer enumerates alternative plans, estimates the cost of every plan using a cost model, and chooses the plan with lowest cost. There has been much research into this field. In this paper, we study the problem of distributed query optimization; we focus on the basic components of the distributed query optimizer, i. e. search space, search strategy, and cost model. A survey of the available work into this field is given. Finally, some future work is highlighted based on some recent work that uses mobile agent
SieveQ: A Layered BFT Protection System for Critical Services

Firewalls play a crucial role in assuring the security of today's critical infrastructures, forming a first line of defense by being placed strategically at the front-end of the networks. Sometimes, however, they have exploitable weaknesses, allowing an adversary to bypass them in different ways. Therefore, their design should include improved resilience capabilities to allow them to operate correctly in highly adverse environments. This paper proposes SieveQ, a message queue service that protects and regulates the access to critical systems, in a way similar to an application-level firewall. SieveQ achieves fault and intrusion tolerance by employing an architecture based on two filtering layers, enabling efficient removal of invalid messages at early stages and decreasing the costs associated with Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) replication of previous solutions. Our experimental evaluation shows that SieveQ improves existing replicated-firewalls resilience in the presence of corrupted messages by faulty nodes. Furthermore, it accommodates high loads, as it is able to handle sixteen times more security events per second than what was processed by the Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) infrastructure employed in the 2012 Summer Olympic Games.
An Image Denoising Fast Algorithm for Weighted Total Variation

The total variation (TV) model is a classical and effective model in image denoising, but the weighted total variation (WTV) model has not attracted much attention. In this paper, we propose a new constrained WTV model for image denoising. A fast denoising dual method for the new constrained WTV model is also proposed. To achieve this task, we combines the well known gradient projection (GP) and the fast gradient projection (FGP) methods on the dual approach for the image denoising problem. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms currently known GP andFGP methods, and canbe applicable to both the isotropic and anisotropic WTV functions.
Event-Driven Business Process Management and its Practical Application Taking the Example of DHL

The recently coined term «Event-Driven Business Process Management» (EDBPM) is a combination of actually two different disciplines: Business Process Management (BPM) and Complex Event Processing (CEP). The common understanding behind BPM is that each company’s unique way of doing business is captured in its business processes. For this reason, business processes are today seen as the most valuable corporate asset. In the context of this article, BPM means a software platform which provides companies the ability to model, manage, and optimize these processes for significant gain. As an independent system, Complex Event Processing (CEP) is a parallel running platform that analyses and processes events. The BPMand the CEP-platform correspond via events which are produced by the BPM-workflow engine and by the IT services which are associated with the business process steps. In this paper we present a general framework for EDBPM as well as first use cases in the context of logistics and financial services.
Consequences of display changes during interrupted visual search: rapid resumption is target specific.

Visual search can be resumed more rapidly following a brief interruption to an old display than it can be initiated on a new display, pointing to a critical role for memory in search (Lleras, Rensink, & Enns, 2005). Here, we examine how this rapid resumption is affected by changes made to the display during the interruption of search. Rapid resumption was found to depend on the prior presentation of the target, not merely the distractor items (Experiment 1), and was unaffected by the relocation of all distractor items (Experiment 2). Further, whereas changes to response-irrelevant features of the target did not eliminate rapid resumption (Experiment 3), changes to response-relevant features did (Experiment 4). These results point to the target specificity of rapid resumption and are consistent with reentrant theories of visual awareness.
Faceted search over RDF-based knowledge graphs

Knowledge graphs such as Yago and Freebase have become a powerful asset for enhancing search, and are being intensively used in both academia in industry. Many existing knowledge graphs are either available as Linked Open Data, or they can be exported as RDF datasets enhanced with background knowledge in the form of an OWL 2 ontology. Faceted search is the de facto approach for exploratory search in many online applications, and has been recently proposed as a suitable paradigm for querying RDF repositories. In this paper, we provide rigorous theoretical underpinnings for faceted search in the context of RDFbased knowledge graphs enhanced with OWL 2 ontologies. We identify well-defined fragments of SPARQL that can be naturally captured using faceted search as a query paradigm, and establish the computational complexity of answering such queries. We also study the problem of updating faceted interfaces, which is critical for guiding users in the formulation of meaningful queries during exploratory search. We have implemented our approach in a fully-fledged faceted search system, SemFacet, which we have evaluated over the Yago knowledge graph.
Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy.

Skin lightening preparations are widely used in dermatology by persons of all Fitzpatrick skin types. Fitzpatrick skin types I-III require local pigment lightening for the treatment of hormonally induced melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation caused by acne and trauma. Fitzpatrick skin types IV and darker have an even greater need for skin lightening for social reasons, as well as pigmentary changes that occur around the eyes, in the intertriginous areas, following dermatitis, or with acne and trauma. The gold standard dermatologic agent for skin lightening was hydroquinone, until regulatory agencies in Japan, Europe, and most recently in the United States questioned the safety of this substance. This has encouraged research into alternative agents to inhibit skin pigmentation such as retinoids, mequinol, azelaic acid, arbutin, kojic acid, aleosin, licorice extract, ascorbic acid, soy proteins, and N-acetyl glucosamine. The efficacy and safety of each of these ingredients is examined as possible topical alternatives to hydroquinone.
Directly Optimize Diversity Evaluation Measures: A New Approach to Search Result Diversification

The queries issued to search engines are often ambiguous or multifaceted, which requires search engines to return diverse results that can fulfill as many different information needs as possible; this is called search result diversification. Recently, the relational learning to rank model, which designs a learnable ranking function following the criterion of maximal marginal relevance, has shown effectiveness in search result diversification [Zhu et al. 2014]. The goodness of a diverse ranking model is usually evaluated with diversity evaluation measures such as α-NDCG [Clarke et al. 2008], ERR-IA [Chapelle et al. 2009], and D#-NDCG [Sakai and Song 2011]. Ideally the learning algorithm would train a ranking model that could directly optimize the diversity evaluation measures with respect to the training data. Existing relational learning to rank algorithms, however, only train the ranking models by optimizing loss functions that loosely relate to the evaluation measures. To deal with the problem, we propose a general framework for learning relational ranking models via directly optimizing any diversity evaluation measure. In learning, the loss function upper-bounding the basic loss function defined on a diverse ranking measure is minimized. We can derive new diverse ranking algorithms under the framework, and several diverse ranking algorithms are created based on different upper bounds over the basic loss function. We conducted comparisons between the proposed algorithms with conventional diverse ranking methods using the TREC benchmark datasets. Experimental results show that the algorithms derived under the diverse learning to rank framework always significantly outperform the state-of-the-art baselines.
Development of food preferences.

Using a developmental systems perspective, this review focuses on how genetic predispositions interact with aspects of the eating environment to produce phenotypic food preferences. Predispositions include the unlearned, reflexive reactions to basic tastes: the preference for sweet and salty tastes, and the rejection of sour and bitter tastes. Other predispositions are (a) the neophobic reaction to new foods and (b) the ability to learn food preferences based on associations with the contexts and consequences of eating various foods. Whether genetic predispositions are manifested in food preferences that foster healthy diets depends on the eating environment, including food availability and child-feeding practices of the adults. Unfortunately, in the United States today, the ready availability of energy-dense foods, high in sugar, fat, and salt, provides an eating environment that fosters food preferences inconsistent with dietary guidelines, which can promote excess weight gain and obesity.
Inductively-Coupled Miniaturized-Element Frequency Selective Surfaces With Narrowband, High-Order Bandpass Responses

We introduce a new technique for designing miniaturized-element frequency selective surfaces (MEFSSs) with narrowband, bandpass responses of order N ≥ 2. The proposed structure is composed of two-dimensional periodic arrays of subwavelength inductive wire grids separated by dielectric substrates. A simple equivalent circuit model, composed of transmission line resonators coupled together with shunt inductors, is presented for this structure. Using this equivalent circuit model, an analytical synthesis procedure is developed that can be used to synthesize the MEFSS from its desired system-level performance indicators such as the center frequency of operation and bandwidth. Using this synthesis procedure, a prototype of the proposed MEFSS with a second-order bandpass response, center frequency of 21 GHz, and fractional bandwidth of 5% is designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. The measurement results confirm the theoretical predictions and the design procedure of the structure and demonstrate that the proposed MEFSS has a stable frequency response with respect to the angle of incidence of the EM wave in the ±40° range for both TE and TM polarizations of incidence.
Treatment of Pelvic Venous Spur (May–Thurner Syndrome) with Self-Expanding Metallic Endoprostheses

The application of self-expanding metallic endoprostheses (stents) to treat symptomatic pelvic venous spurs as an alternative to surgery.  Wallstents with a diameter from 14 to 16 mm and one Cragg stent were placed in the left common iliac vein of eight patients (seven women, one man; mean age 42 years) with a symptomatic pelvic venous spur (left deep venous thrombosis or post-thrombotic leg swelling). Four patients had surgical thrombectomy prior to stent placement.  Technical success with immediate reduction of left leg circumference was achieved in all eight patients. A primary patency rate of 100% was observed during an average follow-up of 3 years (range 10–121 months). There were no procedural or stent-related complications.  The percutaneous transfemoral placement of self-expanding metallic stents is an effective minimally invasive alternative to surgery in the treatment of symptomatic pelvic venous spur.
Paying for quality: providers' incentives for quality improvement.

Paying health care providers to meet quality goals is an idea with widespread appeal, given the common perception that quality of care in the United States remains unacceptably low despite a decade of benchmarking and public reporting. There has been little critical analysis of the design of the current generation of quality incentive programs. In this paper we examine public reports of paying for quality over the past five years and assess each of the identified programs in terms of key design features, including the market share of payers, the structure of the reward system, the amount of revenue at stake, and the targeted domains of health care quality.
Ego-net Community Mining Applied to Friend Suggestion

In this paper, we present a study of the community structure of ego-networks—the graphs representing the connections among the neighbors of a node—for several online social networks. Toward this goal, we design a new technique to efficiently build and cluster all the ego-networks of a graph in parallel (note that even just building the ego-nets efficiently is challenging on large networks). Our experimental findings are quite compelling: at a microscopic level it is easy to detect high quality communities. Leveraging on this fact we, then, develop new features for friend suggestion based on co-occurrences of two nodes in different ego-nets’ communities. Our new features can be computed efficiently on very large scale graphs by just analyzing the neighborhood of each node. Furthermore, we prove formally on a stylized model, and by experimental analysis that this new similarity measure outperforms the classic local features employed for friend suggestions.
Vision-based road-following using a small autonomous aircraft

This paper describes the vision-based control of a small autonomous aircraft following a road. The computer vision system detects natural features of the scene and tracks the roadway in order to determine relative yaw and lateral displacement between the aircraft and the road. Using only the vision measurements and onboard inertial sensors, a control strategy stabilizes the aircraft and follows the road. The road detection and aircraft control strategies have been verified by hardware in the loop (HIL) simulations over long stretches (several kilometers) of straight roads and in conditions of up to 5 m/s of prevailing wind. Hardware experiments have also been conducted using a modified radio-controlled aircraft. Successful road following was demonstrated over an airfield runway under variable lighting and wind conditions. The development of vision-based control strategies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), such as the ones presented here, enables complex autonomous missions in environments where typical navigation sensor like GPS are unavailable.
Language input and child syntax

Existing work on the acquisition of syntax has been concerned mainly with the early stages of syntactic development. In the present study we examine later syntactic development in children. Also, existing work has focused on commonalities in the emergence of syntax. Here we explore individual differences among children and their relation to variations in language input. In Study 1 we find substantial individual differences in children's mastery of multiclause sentences and a significant relation between those differences and the proportion of multiclause sentences in parent speech. We also find individual differences in the number of noun phrases in children's utterances and a significant relation between those differences and the number of noun phrases in parent speech. In Study 2 we find greater syntactic growth over a year of preschool in classes where teachers' speech is more syntactically complex. The implications of our findings for the understanding of the sources of syntactic development are discussed.