nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Tai Chi: improving functional balance and predicting subsequent falls in older persons.

To determine whether improved functional balance through a Tai Chi intervention is related to subsequent reductions in falls among elderly persons.



Two hundred fifty-six healthy, physically inactive older adults aged 70-92 (mean age +/- SD = 77.48 +/- 4.95), recruited from a local health system in Portland, OR, participated in a 6-month randomized controlled trial, with allocation to Tai Chi or exercise stretching control, followed by a 6-month postintervention follow-up. Functional balance measures included Berg balance scale, dynamic gait index, and functional reach, assessed during the 6-month intervention period (baseline, 3-month, and 6-month intervention endpoint) and again at the 6-month postintervention follow-up. Fall counts were recorded during the 6-month postintervention follow-up period. Data were analyzed through intention-to-treat analysis of variance and logistic regression procedures.



Tai Chi participants who showed improvements in measures of functional balance at the intervention endpoint significantly reduced their risk of falls during the 6-month postintervention period, compared with those in the control condition (odds ratio (OR), 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07-0.96 for Berg balance scale; OR, 0.27, 95% CI, 0.09-0.87 for dynamic gait index; OR, 0.20, 95% CI, 0.05-0.82 for functional reach).



Improved functional balance through Tai Chi training is associated with subsequent reductions in fall frequency in older persons.
Hydrological Modelling in the Lake Tana Basin , Ethiopia Using SWAT Model

The SWAT2005 model was applied to the Lake Tana Basin for modeling of the hydrological water balance. The main objective of this study was to test the performance and feasibility of the SWAT model for prediction of streamflow in the Lake Tana Basin. The model was calibrated and validated on four tributaries of Lake Tana; Gumera, GilgelAbay, Megech and Ribb rivers using SUFI-2, GLUE and ParaSol algorithms. The sensitivity analysis of the model to subbasin delineation and HRU definition thresholds showed that the flow is more sensitive to the HRU definition thresholds than subbasin discretization effect. SUFI-2 and GLUE gave good result. All sources of uncertainties were captured by bracketing more than 60% of the observed river discharge. Baseflow (40% 60%) is an important component of the total discharge within the study area that contributes more than the surface runoff. The calibrated model can be used for further analysis of the effect of climate and land use change as well as other different management scenarios on streamflow and soil erosion.
Assessment of Knowledge of Pregnant Mothers on Maternal Nutrition and Associated Factors in Guto Gida Woreda, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

All human beings need a balanced amount of nutrients for proper functioning of the body system. Nutrition is a fundamental pillar of human life, health and development throughout the entire life span . Proper food and good nutrition are essential for survival, physical growth, mental development, performance and productivity, health and wellbeing. However, the nutrition requirement varies with respect to age, gender and during physiological changes such as pregnancy. Pregnancy is such a critical phase in a woman's life, when the expecting mother needs optimal nutrients of superior qualities to support the developing fetus. Naturally, the urge to eat more is experienced by nearly all pregnant women .
Memory Forensics : Review of Acquisition and Analysis Techniques

This document presents an overview of the most common memory forensics techniques used in the acquisition and analysis of a system’s volatile memory. Memory forensics rose from obscurity in 2005 in response to a challenge issued by the Digital Forensics Research Workshop (DFRWS). Since then, investigators and researchers alike have begun to recognise the important role that memory forensics can play in a robust investigation. Volatile memory, or Random Access Memory (RAM), contains a wealth of information regarding the current state of a device. Memory forensics techniques examine RAM to extract information such as passwords, encryption keys, network activity, open files and the set of processes and threads currently running within an operating system. This information can help investigators reconstruct the events surrounding criminal use of technology or computer security incidents. APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
A reinforcement learning approach to optimize downloads over mobile networks

Dedicated Short Range Communication is attracting a lot of interest these days due to its utility in vehicular safety applications, intelligent transportation system and infotainment applications. Such vehicular networks are characterized by the highly dynamic changes in topology, no significant power constraints and ephemeral links. Considering an interaction between the client and server nodes that last for a random duration of time, an important question is to maximize the amount of useful content downloaded by the client, either in a single request phase, or iteratively in multiple phases. The aim of this work is to propose and investigate a multiphase request model using Markov Decision Process and compare its efficiency against a single phase version. We show that a multiphase request protocol performs better than single phase protocol.
Music Discovery with Social Networks

Current music recommender systems rely on techniques like collaborative filtering on user-provided information in order to generate relevant recommendations based upon users’ music collections or listening habits. In this paper, we examine whether better recommendations can be obtained by taking into account the music preferences of the user’s social contacts. We assume that music is naturally diffused through the social network of its listeners, and that we can propagate automatic recommendations in the same way through the network. In order to test this statement, we developed a music recommender application called Starnet on a Social Networking Service. It generated recommendations based either on positive ratings of friends (social recommendations), positive ratings of others in the network (nonsocial recommendations), or not based on ratings (random recommendations). The user responses to each type of recommendation indicate that social recommendations are better than non-social recommendations, which are in turn better than random recommendations. Likewise, the discovery of novel and relevant music is more likely via social recommendations than non-social. Social shuffle recommendations enable people to discover music through a serendipitous process powered by human relationships and tastes, exploiting the user’s social network to share cultural experiences.
Two patients with EP300 mutations and facial dysmorphism different from the classic Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is characterized by mental retardation, broad thumbs and great toes and a recognizable craniofacial phenotype. Causative mutations have been described in the CREBBP and EP300 genes. Here we present a 19-year-old woman and an unrelated 3-year-old boy, both with broad thumbs and halluces, but with facial aspects distinct from those of typical RTS. The woman had a marked learning disability, but no mental retardation. We identified a de novo c.7100delC mutation in EP300 (which predicts p.P2366RfsX35) in the woman and an apparently de novo c.638delG mutation in the boy, which predicts p.G213EfsX6. Mutations in EP300 are a known but rare cause of RTS. Only five other patients have been reported. We propose that individuals with EP300 mutations may exhibit a slightly different phenotype compared to individuals with CREBBP mutations, with milder cognitive impairment, more pronounced microcephaly, absent or mild downslanting of palpebral fissures, distinct arched eyebrows, and greater degree of retrognathia.
Automatic labelling of coronary arteries

Automatically assigning the correct anatomical labels to coronary arteries is an important task that would speed up work flow times of radiographers, radiologists and cardiologists, and also aid the standard assessment of coronary artery disease. However, automatic labelling faces challenges resulting from structures as complex and widely varied as coronary anatomy. A system has been developed which addresses this requirement and is capable of automatically assigning correct anatomical labels to pre-segmented coronary artery centrelines in Cardiac Computed-Tomography Angiographic (CCTA) images with 84% accuracy. The system consists of two major phases: 1) training a multivariate gaussian classifier with labelled anatomies to estimate mean-vectors for each anatomical class and a covariance matrix pooled over all classes, based on a set of features; 2) generating all plausible label combinations per test anatomy based on a set of topological and geometric rules, and returning the most likely based on the parameters generated in 1).
Identification of novel autism candidate regions through analysis of reported cytogenetic abnormalities associated with autism

The identification of the candidate genes for autism through linkage and association studies has proven to be a difficult enterprise. An alternative approach is the analysis of cytogenetic abnormalities associated with autism. We present a review of all studies to date that relate patients with cytogenetic abnormalities to the autism phenotype. A literature survey of the Medline and Pubmed databases was performed, using multiple keyword searches. Additional searches through cited references and abstracts from the major genetic conferences from 2000 onwards completed the search. The quality of the phenotype (i.e. of the autism spectrum diagnosis) was rated for each included case. Available specific probe and marker information was used to define optimally the boundaries of the cytogenetic abnormalities. In case of recurrent deletions or duplications on chromosome 15 and 22, the positions of the low copy repeats that are thought to mediate these rearrangements were used to define the most likely boundaries of the implicated ‘Cytogenetic Regions Of Interest’ (CROIs). If no molecular data were available, the sequence position of the relevant chromosome bands was used to obtain the approximate molecular boundaries of the CROI. The findings of the current review indicate: (1) several regions of overlap between CROIs and known loci of significant linkage and/or association findings, and (2) additional regions of overlap among multiple CROIs at the same locus. Whereas the first finding confirms previous linkage/association findings, the latter may represent novel, not previously identified regions containing genes that contribute to autism. This analysis not only has confirmed the presence of several known autism risk regions but has also revealed additional previously unidentified loci, including 2q37, 5p15, 11q25, 16q22.3, 17p11.2, 18q21.1, 18q23, 22q11.2, 22q13.3 and Xp22.2–p22.3.
A Powerful Genetic Algorithm for Traveling Salesman Problem

This paper presents a powerful genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP). To construct a powerful GA, I use edge swapping(ES) with a local search procedure to determine good combinations of building blocks of parent solutions for generating even better offspring solutions. Experimental results on well studied TSP benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed GA is competitive in finding very high quality solutions on instances with up to 16,862 cities.
A Review of Galvanically Isolated Impedance-Source DC–DC Converters

Impedance-source converters, an emerging technology in electric energy conversion, overcome limitations of conventional solutions by the use of specific impedance-source networks. Focus of this paper is on the topologies of galvanically isolated impedance-source dc-dc converters. These converters are particularly appropriate for distributed generation systems with renewable or alternative energy sources, which require input voltage and load regulation in a wide range. We review here the basic topologies for researchers and engineers, and classify all the topologies of the impedance-source galvanically isolated dc-dc converters according to the element that transfers energy from the input to the output: a transformer, a coupled inductor, or their combination. This classification reveals advantages and disadvantages, as well as a wide space for further research. This paper also outlines the most promising research directions in this field.
OPTAS: Decentralized flow monitoring and scheduling for tiny tasks

Task-aware flow schedulers collect task information across the data center to optimize task-level performance. However, the majority of the tasks, which generate short flows and are called tiny tasks, have been largely overlooked by current schedulers. The large number of tiny tasks brings significant overhead to the centralized schedulers, while the existing decentralized schedulers are too complex to fit in commodity switches. In this paper we present OPTAS, a lightweight, commodity-switch-compatible scheduling solution that efficiently monitors and schedules flows for tiny tasks with low overhead. OPTAS monitors system calls and buffer footprints to recognize the tiny tasks, and assigns them with higher priorities than larger ones. The tiny tasks are then transferred in a FIFO manner by adjusting two attributes, namely, the window size and round trip time, of TCP. We have implemented OPTAS as a Linux kernel module, and experiments on our 37-server testbed show that OPTAS is at least 2.2× faster than fair sharing, and 1.2× faster than only assigning tiny tasks with the highest priority.
Exploratory font selection using crowdsourced attributes

This paper presents interfaces for exploring large collections of fonts for design tasks. Existing interfaces typically list fonts in a long, alphabetically-sorted menu that can be challenging and frustrating to explore. We instead propose three interfaces for font selection. First, we organize fonts using high-level descriptive attributes, such as "dramatic" or "legible." Second, we organize fonts in a tree-based hierarchical menu based on perceptual similarity. Third, we display fonts that are most similar to a user's currently-selected font. These tools are complementary; a user may search for "graceful" fonts, select a reasonable one, and then refine the results from a list of fonts similar to the selection. To enable these tools, we use crowdsourcing to gather font attribute data, and then train models to predict attribute values for new fonts. We use attributes to help learn a font similarity metric using crowdsourced comparisons. We evaluate the interfaces against a conventional list interface and find that our interfaces are preferred to the baseline. Our interfaces also produce better results in two real-world tasks: finding the nearest match to a target font, and font selection for graphic designs.
Helmholtz illusion makes you look fit only when you are already fit, but not for everyone

A square filled with horizontal stripes is perceived as thinner than one with vertical stripes (Helmholtz illusion). This is not consistent with a common belief that horizontally striped clothing makes a person look fatter, and studies on this problem have shown inconsistent results. Here, we demonstrate three factors that could have complicated the issue. First, the Helmholtz effect is stronger for a thin figure than for a fat one, with possible reversal for the latter. Second, we found large variability across participants, suggesting dependence on features to attend. Third, there was strong hysteresis as to the order of testing fat and thin figures, suggesting the effect of surrounding people in daily life. There can be yet other factors, but we should note that this apparently simple case of application of a geometrical illusion in daily perception should be taken as a rather complex phenomenon.
The valve movement response of mussels: a tool in biological monitoring

Biological sensors are becoming more important to monitor the quality of the aquatic environment. In this paper the valve movement response of freshwater (Dreissena polymorpha) and marine (Mytilus edulis) mussels is presented as a tool in monitoring studies. Examples of various methods for data storage and data treatment are presented, elucidating easier operation and lower detection limits. Several applications are mentioned, including an early warning system based on this valve movement response of mussels.
Severe adolescent female stress urinary incontinence (SAFSUI): case report and literature review

Severe adolescent female stress urinary incontinence (SAFSUI) can be defined as female adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years complaining of involuntary loss of urine multiple times each day during normal activities or sneezing or coughing rather than during sporting activities. An updated review of its likely prevalence, etiology, and management is required. The case of a 15-year-old female adolescent presenting with a 7-year history of SUI resistant to antimuscarinic medications and 18 months of intensive physiotherapy prompted this review. Issues of performing physical and urodynamic assessment at this young age were overcome in order to achieve the diagnosis of urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). Failed use of tampons was followed by the insertion of (retropubic) suburethral synthetic tape (SUST) under assisted local anesthetic into tissues deemed softer than the equivalent for an adult female. Whereas occasional urinary incontinence can occur in between 6 % and 45 % nulliparous adolescents, the prevalence of non‐neurogenic SAFSUI is uncertain but more likely rare. Risk factors for the occurrence of more severe AFSUI include obesity, athletic activities or high-impact training, and lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). This first reported use of a SUST in a patient with SAFSUI proved safe and completely curative. Artificial urinary sphincters, periurethral injectables and pubovaginal slings have been tried previously in equivalent patients. SAFSUI is a relatively rare but physically and emotionally disabling presentation. Multiple conservative options may fail, necessitating surgical management; SUST can prove safe and effective.
Urine Drug Screening : Practical Guide for Clinicians REVIEW

Drug testing, commonly used in health care, workplace, and criminal settings, has become widespread during the past decade. Urine drug screens have been the most common method for analysis because of ease of sampling. The simplicity of use and access to rapid results have increased demand for and use of immunoassays; however, these assays are not perfect. Falsepositive results of immunoassays can lead to serious medical or social consequences if results are not confirmed by secondary analysis, such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The Department of Health and Human Services’ guidelines for the workplace require testing for the following 5 substances: amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, and phencyclidine. This article discusses potential false-positive results and false-negative results that occur with immunoassays of these substances and with alcohol, benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressants. Other pitfalls, such as adulteration, substitution, and dilution of urine samples, are discussed. Pragmatic concepts summarized in this article should minimize the potential risks of misinterpreting urine drug screens.
A framework for physiological indicators of flow in VR games: construction and preliminary evaluation

Flow experience is often considered as an important standard of ideal user experience (UX). Till now, flow is mainly measured via self-report questionnaires, which cannot evaluate flow immediately and objectively. In this paper, we constructed a physiological evaluation model to evaluate flow in virtual reality (VR) game. The evaluation model consists of five first-level indicators and their respective second-level indicators. Then, we conducted an empirical experiment to test the effectiveness of partial indicators to predict flow experience. Most results supported the model and revealed that heart rate, interbeat interval, heart rate variability (HRV), low-frequency HRV (LF-HRV), high-frequency HRV (HF-HRV), and respiratory rate are all effective indicators in predicting flow experience. Further research should be conducted to improve the evaluation model and conclude practical implications in UX and VR game design.
Asking for Help Using Inverse Semantics

Robots inevitably fail, often without the ability to recover autonomously. We demonstrate an approach for enabling a robot to recover from failures by communicating its need for specific help to a human partner using natural language. Our approach automatically detects failures, then generates targeted spoken-language requests for help such as “Please give me the white table leg that is on the black table.” Once the human partner has repaired the failure condition, the system resumes full autonomy. We present a novel inverse semantics algorithm for generating effective help requests. In contrast to forward semantic models that interpret natural language in terms of robot actions and perception, our inverse semantics algorithm generates requests by emulating the human’s ability to interpret a request using the Generalized Grounding Graph (G) framework. To assess the effectiveness of our approach, we present a corpusbased online evaluation, as well as an end-to-end user study, demonstrating that our approach increases the effectiveness of human interventions compared to static requests for help.
The Oncological Safety of Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: A Systematic Review of the Literature with a Pooled Analysis of 12,358 Procedures

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is increasingly popular as a procedure for the treatment of breast cancer and as a prophylactic procedure for those at high risk of developing the disease. However, it remains a controversial option due to questions regarding its oncological safety and concerns regarding locoregional recurrence. This systematic review with a pooled analysis examines the current literature regarding NSM, including locoregional recurrence and complication rates. Systematic electronic searches were conducted using the PubMed database and the Ovid database for studies reporting the indications for NSM and the subsequent outcomes. Studies between January 1970 and January 2015 (inclusive) were analysed if they met the inclusion criteria. Pooled descriptive statistics were performed. Seventy-three studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis, yielding 12,358 procedures. After a mean follow up of 38 months (range, 7.4-156 months), the overall pooled locoregional recurrence rate was 2.38%, the overall complication rate was 22.3%, and the overall incidence of nipple necrosis, either partial or total, was 5.9%. Significant heterogeneity was found among the published studies and patient selection was affected by tumour characteristics. We concluded that NSM appears to be an oncologically safe option for appropriately selected patients, with low rates of locoregional recurrence. For NSM to be performed, tumours should be peripherally located, smaller than 5 cm in diameter, located more than 2 cm away from the nipple margin, and human epidermal growth factor 2-negative. A separate histopathological examination of the subareolar tissue and exclusion of malignancy at this site is essential for safe oncological practice. Long-term follow-up studies and prospective cohort studies are required in order to determine the best reconstructive methods.