nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Altered passive eruption (APE): a little-known clinical situation.

Gummy smile constitutes a relatively frequent aesthetic alteration characterized by excessive exhibition of the gums during smiling movements of the upper lip. It is the result of an inadequate relation between the lower edge of the upper lip, the positioning of the anterosuperior teeth, the location of the upper jaw, and the gingival margin position with respect to the dental crown. Altered Passive Eruption (APE) is a clinical situation produced by excessive gum overlapping over the enamel limits, resulting in a short clinical crown appearance, that gives the sensation of hidden teeth. The term itself suggests the causal mechanism, i.e., failure in the passive phase of dental eruption, though there is no scientific evidence to support this. While there are some authors who consider APE to be a risk situation for periodontal health, its clearest clinical implication refers to oral esthetics. APE is a factor that frequently contributes to the presence of a gummy or gingival smile, and it can easily be corrected by periodontal surgery. Nevertheless, it is essential to establish a correct differential diagnosis and good treatment plan. A literature review is presented of the dental eruption process, etiological hypotheses of APE, its morphologic classification, and its clinical relevance.
The Role of Intuition in the Generation and Evaluation Stages of Creativity

Both intuition and creativity are associated with knowledge creation, yet a clear link between them has not been adequately established. First, the available empirical evidence for an underlying relationship between intuition and creativity is sparse in nature. Further, this evidence is arguable as the concepts are diversely operationalized and the measures adopted are often not validated sufficiently. Combined, these issues make the findings from various studies examining the link between intuition and creativity difficult to replicate. Nevertheless, the role of intuition in creativity should not be neglected as it is often reported to be a core component of the idea generation process, which in conjunction with idea evaluation are crucial phases of creative cognition. We review the prior research findings in respect of idea generation and idea evaluation from the view that intuition can be construed as the gradual accumulation of cues to coherence. Thus, we summarize the literature on what role intuitive processes play in the main stages of the creative problem-solving process and outline a conceptual framework of the interaction between intuition and creativity. Finally, we discuss the main challenges of measuring intuition as well as possible directions for future research.
Why Have Divorce Rates Fallen ? The Role of Women ’ s Age at Marriage

American divorce rates rose from the 1950s to the 1970s, peaked around 1980, and have fallen ever since. The mean age at marriage also substantially increased after 1970. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, and National Survey of Family Growth, I explore the extent to which the rise in age at marriage can explain the rapid decrease in divorce rates for cohorts marrying after 1980. Three different empirical approaches all suggest that the increase in women’s age at marriage was the main proximate cause of the fall in divorce.  drotz@mathematica-mpr.com. I would like to thank Roland Fryer, Claudia Goldin, and Larry Katz for continued guidance and support on this project, as well as Timothy Bond, Richard Freeman, Stephanie Hurder, Jeff Liebman, Claudia Olivetti, Amanda Pallais, Laszlo Sandor, Emily Glassberg Sands, Alessandra Voena, Justin Wolfers, and seminar participants at Case Western Reserve University, Harvard University,  UCLA, University of Arizona, University of Illinois-Chicago, University of Iowa, University of Texas-Austin, and the US Census Bureau for helpful comments and discussions. I am also grateful to Larry Katz and Phillip Levine for providing data on oral contraceptive pill access and abortion rates respectively. All remaining errors are my own. This research has been supported by the NSF-IGERT program, "Multidisciplinary Program in Inequality and Social Policy" at Harvard University (Grant No. 0333403). The views expressed herein are those of the author and not necessarily those of Mathematica Policy Research.
Trends and issues in student-facing learning analytics reporting systems research

We conducted a literature review on systems that track learning analytics data (e.g., resource use, time spent, assessment data, etc.) and provide a report back to students in the form of visualizations, feedback, or recommendations. This review included a rigorous article search process; 945 articles were identified in the initial search. After filtering out articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 94 articles were included in the final analysis. Articles were coded on five categories chosen based on previous work done in this area: functionality, data sources, design analysis, perceived effects, and actual effects. The purpose of this review is to identify trends in the current student-facing learning analytics reporting system literature and provide recommendations for learning analytics researchers and practitioners for future work.
Low cost and compact Ka-band mobile satcom terminal

This paper describes the main features of a low cost and compact Ka-band satcom terminal being developed within the ESA-project LOCOMO. The terminal will be compliant with all capacities associated with communication on the move supplying higher quality, better performance and faster speed services than the current available solutions in Ku band. The terminal will be based on a dual polarized low profile Ka-band antenna with TX and RX capabilities.
A Constraint-Based Encoding for Domain-Independent Temporal Planning

We present a general constraint-based encoding for domainindependent task planning. Task planning is characterized by causal relationships expressed as conditions and effects of optional actions. Possible actions are typically represented by templates, where each template can be instantiated into a number of primitive actions. While most previous work for domain-independent task planning has focused on primitive actions in a state-oriented view, our encoding uses a fully lifted representation at the level of action templates. It follows a time-oriented view in the spirit of previous work in constraint-based scheduling. As a result, the proposed encoding is simple and compact as it grows with the number of actions in a solution plan rather than the number of possible primitive actions. When solved with an SMT solver, we show that the proposed encoding is slightly more efficient than state-of-the-art methods on temporally constrained planning benchmarks while clearly outperforming other fully constraint-based approaches.
A Fast String-Searching Algorithm for Multiple Patterns

The string-searching problem is to find all occurrences of pattern(s) in a text string. The Aho-Corasick string searching algorithm simultaneously finds all occurrences of multiple patterns in one pass through the text. On the other hand, the Boyer-Moore algorithm is understood to be the fastest algorithm for a single pattern. By combining the ideas of these two algorithms, we present an efficient string searching algorithm for multiple patterns. The algorithm runs in sublinear time, on the average, as the BM algorithm achieves, and its preprocessing time is linear proportional to the sum of the lengths of the patterns like the AC algorithm.
Performance analysis of least mean square and recursive least square channel estimation techniques under multipath fading environmental conditions

In practical scenario the transmission of signal or data from source to destination is very challenging. As there is a lot of surrounding environmental changes which influence the transmitted signal. The ISI, multipath will corrupt the data and this data appears at the receiver or destination. Due to this time varying multipath fading different channel estimation filter at the receiver are used to improve the performance. The performance of LMS and RLS adaptive algorithms are analyzed over a AWGN and Rayleigh channels under different multipath fading environments for estimating the time-varying channel.
Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation in CT Perfusion Scans Using Pyramid Pooling and Focal Loss

We present a fully convolutional neural network for segmenting ischemic stroke lesions in CT perfusion images for the ISLES 2018 challenge. Treatment of stroke is time sensitive and current standards for lesion identification require manual segmentation, a time consuming and challenging process. Automatic segmentation methods present the possibility of accurately identifying lesions and improving treatment planning. Our model is based on the PSPNet, a network architecture that makes use of pyramid pooling to provide global and local contextual information. To learn the varying shapes of the lesions, we train our network using focal loss, a loss function designed for the network to focus on learning the more difficult samples. We compare our model to networks trained using the U-Net and V-Net architectures. Our approach demonstrates effective performance in lesion segmentation and ranked among the top performers at the challenge conclusion.
A Thick-Restart Lanczos Algorithm with Polynomial Filtering for Hermitian Eigenvalue Problems

Polynomial filtering can provide a highly effective means of computing all eigenvalues of a real symmetric (or complex Hermitian) matrix that are located in a given interval, anywhere in the spectrum. This paper describes a technique for tackling this problem by combining a ThickRestart version of the Lanczos algorithm with deflation (‘locking’) and a new type of polynomial filters obtained from a least-squares technique. The resulting algorithm can be utilized in a ‘spectrumslicing’ approach whereby a very large number of eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of the matrix are computed by extracting eigenpairs located in different sub-intervals independently from one another.
Multi-task Learning for Universal Sentence Embeddings: A Thorough Evaluation using Transfer and Auxiliary Tasks.

Learning distributed sentence representations is one of the key challenges in natural language processing. Previous work demonstrated that a recurrent neural network (RNNs) based sentence encoder trained on a large collection of annotated natural language inference data, is efficient in the transfer learning to facilitate other related tasks. In this paper, we show that joint learning of multiple tasks results in better generalizable sentence representations by conducting extensive experiments and analysis comparing the multi-task and single-task learned sentence encoders. The quantitative analysis using auxiliary tasks show that multitask learning helps to embed better semantic information in the sentence representations compared to single-task learning. In addition, we compare multi-task sentence encoders with contextualized word representations and show that combining both of them can further boost the performance of transfer learning.
Closed loop identification with Youla parameterization and neural nets

System identification has become the fundamental pillar of the industry of the 21 century, since allows the integration of advanced model based control strategies with complex process; for diverse reasons, real process are in closed loop due to difference reasons making virtually impossible obtain a model using open loop techniques, in this work an innovative strategy to identify plants in closed loop using an indirect method based on Youla Kucera parameterization and neural nets is presented, stating 4 identifications subproblems with numerous potential applications on real problems
Fretting Corrosion and the Reliability of Multicontact Connector Terminals

The harsh operating environment of the automotive application makes the semi-permanent connector susceptible to intermittent high contact resistance which eventually leads to failure. Fretting corrosion is often the cause of these failures. However, laboratory testing of sample contact materials produce results that do not correlate with commercially tested connectors. A multicontact (M-C) reliability model is developed to bring together the fundamental studies and studies conducted on commercially available connector terminals. It is based on fundamental studies of the single contact interfaces and applied to commercial multicontact terminals. The model takes into consideration firstly, that a single contact interface may recover to low contact resistance after attaining a high value and secondly, that a terminal consists of more than one contact interface. For the connector to fail, all contact interfaces have to be in the failed state at the same time.