nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Data quality assessment in context: A cognitive perspective

a r t i c l e i n f o In organizations today, the risk of poor information quality is becoming increasingly high as larger and more complex information resources are being collected and managed. To mitigate this risk, decision makers assess the quality of the information provided by their IS systems in order to make effective decisions based on it. To do so, they may rely on quality metadata: objective quality measurements tagged by data managers onto the information used by decision makers. Decision makers may also gauge information quality on their own, subjectively and contextually assessing the usefulness of the information for solving the specific task at hand. Although information quality has been defined as fitness for use, models of information quality assessment have thus far tended to ignore the impact of contextual quality on information use and decision outcomes. Contextual assessments can be as important as objective quality indicators because they can affect which information gets used for decision making tasks. This research offers a theoretical model for understanding users' contextual information quality assessment processes. The model is grounded in dual-process theories of human cognition, which enable simultaneous evaluation of both objective and contextual information quality attributes. Findings of an exploratory laboratory experiment suggest that the theoretical model provides an avenue for understanding contextual aspects of information quality assessment in concert with objective ones. The model offers guidance for the design of information environments that can improve performance by integrating both objective and subjective aspect of users' quality assessments. Organizational data is a critical resource that supports business processes and managerial decision making. Advances in information technology have enabled organizations to collect and store more data than ever before. This data is processed in a variety of different and complex ways to generate information that serves as input to organizational decision tasks. As data volumes increase, so does the complexity of managing it and the risks of poor data quality. Poor quality data can be detrimental to system usability and hinder operational performance, leading to flawed decisions . It can also damage organizational reputation, heighten risk exposure, and cause significant capital losses [28]. While international figures are difficult to determine, data quality problems currently cost U.S. businesses over $600 billion annually . Data quality is hence an important area of concern to both practitioners and researchers. Data quality researchers have used the terms " data quality …
Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

There is no evidence from randomized trials to support a strategy of lowering systolic blood pressure below 135 to 140 mm Hg in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated whether therapy targeting normal systolic pressure (i.e., <120 mm Hg) reduces major cardiovascular events in participants with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events.



A total of 4733 participants with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to intensive therapy, targeting a systolic pressure of less than 120 mm Hg, or standard therapy, targeting a systolic pressure of less than 140 mm Hg. The primary composite outcome was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes. The mean follow-up was 4.7 years.



After 1 year, the mean systolic blood pressure was 119.3 mm Hg in the intensive-therapy group and 133.5 mm Hg in the standard-therapy group. The annual rate of the primary outcome was 1.87% in the intensive-therapy group and 2.09% in the standard-therapy group (hazard ratio with intensive therapy, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 1.06; P=0.20). The annual rates of death from any cause were 1.28% and 1.19% in the two groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.35; P=0.55). The annual rates of stroke, a prespecified secondary outcome, were 0.32% and 0.53% in the two groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.89; P=0.01). Serious adverse events attributed to antihypertensive treatment occurred in 77 of the 2362 participants in the intensive-therapy group (3.3%) and 30 of the 2371 participants in the standard-therapy group (1.3%) (P<0.001).



In patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events, targeting a systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mm Hg, as compared with less than 140 mm Hg, did not reduce the rate of a composite outcome of fatal and nonfatal major cardiovascular events.
Human heart disease prediction system using data mining techniques

Nowadays, health disease are increasing day by day due to life style, hereditary. Especially, heart disease has become more common these days, i.e. life of people is at risk. Each individual has different values for Blood pressure, cholesterol and pulse rate. But according to medically proven results the normal values of Blood pressure is 120/90, cholesterol is and pulse rate is 72. This paper gives the survey about different classification techniques used for predicting the risk level of each person based on age, gender, Blood pressure, cholesterol, pulse rate. The patient risk level is classified using datamining classification techniques such as Naïve Bayes, KNN, Decision Tree Algorithm, Neural Network. etc., Accuracy of the risk level is high when using more number of attributes.
Dynamics of network connectivity in tactical MANETs

In the future battlefields, communication between commanders and soldiers will be a decisive factor to complete an assigned mission. In such military tactical scenarios, network topology is constrained by the dynamics of dismounted soldiers in the battlefield. In the battlefield area, soldiers may be divided into a number of squads and fire teams with each one having its own mission, especially in some critical situation (e.g., a military response to an enemy attack or a sweep operation of houses). This situation may cause an unpredictable behavior in terms of wireless network topology state, thus increasing the susceptibility of network topology to decomposition in multiple components. This paper presents a Group Mobility Model simulating realistic battlefield behaviors and movement techniques. We also analyze wireless communication between dismounted soldiers and their squad leader deployed in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) under different packet sending rate and perturbation factor modeled as a standard deviation parameter which may affect soldiers' mobility. A discussion of results follows, using several performance metrics according to network behavior (such as throughput, relaying rate of unrelated packets and path length).
Extracting Semantic Information for e-Commerce

Rakuten Ichiba uses a taxonomy to organize the items it sells. Currently, the taxonomy classes that are relevant in terms of profit generation and difficulty of exploration are being manually extended with data properties deemed helpful to create pages that improve the user search experience and ultimately the conversion rate. In this paper we present a scalable approach that aims to automate this process, automatically selecting the relevant and semantically homogenous subtrees in the taxonomy, extracting from semi-structured text in items descriptions a core set of properties and a popular subset of their ranges, then extending the covered range using relational similarities in free text. Additionally, our process automatically tags the items with the new semantic information and exposes them as RDF triples. We present a set of experiments showing the effectiveness of our approach in this business context.
A colored Petri net model for the France Paris metro system

This paper describes how colored Petri nets can be used for modeling the Paris underground Metro system. This is one of the most complex metro systems in the world. In this paper, the metro system is analyzed and described. The method of analysis is outlined. A working model for three of the major lines was constructed using CPNs. The results and other issues that have to be tackled are explained.  Colored Petri Nets, Modeling and Simulation, Systems Analysis, Transport Systems
Relationship Between Rewards and Nurses' Work Motivation in Addis Ababa Hospitals

Nurses constitute the largest human resource element and have a great impact on quality of care and patient outcomes in health care organizations. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between rewards and nurse motivation on public hospitals administrated by Addis Ababa health bureau.



A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to December 2010 in 5 public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Among 794 nurses, 259 were selected as sample. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire. After the data was collected, it was analysed using SPSS version 16.0 statistical software. The results were analysed in terms of descriptive statistics followed by inferential statistics on the variables.



A total of 230 questionnaires were returned from 259 questionnaires distributed to respondents. Results of the study revealed that nurses are not motivated and there is a statistical significant relationship between rewards and the nurse work motivation and a payment is the most important and more influential variable. Furthermore, there is significant difference in nurse work motivation based on age, educational qualification and work experience while there is no significant difference in nurse work motivation based on gender.



The study shows that nurses are less motivated by rewards they received while rewards have significant and positive contribution for nurse motivation. Therefore, both hospital administrators' and Addis Ababa health bureau should revise the existing nurse motivation strategy.
Reconstruction of the maxilla and mandible with particulate bone graft and titanium mesh for implant placement.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the magnitude of ridge augmentation with titanium mesh, overall graft success, anatomic location of ridge defects and their relationship to mesh exposure.



This retrospective study evaluated 44 patients who received mandibular or maxillary reconstruction with autogenous particulate bone graft and titanium mesh for the purpose of implant placement. Autogenous bone graft was harvested from the iliac crest, tibia, and mandibular symphysis. A total of 45 sites were included in the study. Average augmentation bone heights were measured and compared. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA and Student's t test. Histomorphometric analysis was performed on the soft tissue specimen found between the mesh and the bone graft.



Twenty-nine sites underwent mandibular reconstruction and 16 underwent maxillary reconstruction. The mean augmentation in partial maxillary defects was 11.33 +/- 1.56 mm, and in complete maxillary augmentation, the height achieved was 14.3 +/- 1.39 mm. In the mandible, mean increase in height for partial defects was 14 +/- 1.42 mm and for complete augmentation it was 13.71 +/- 1.14 mm. The mean augmentation for all sites was 13.7 mm (12.8 mm in the maxilla and 13.9 mm in the mandible). A total of 82 implants were placed in the maxilla and 92 implants were placed in the mandible. In the maxillary group, 7 sites had exposure of the titanium mesh and 16 sites were exposed in the mandible. The success of the bone grafting procedure was 97.72%.



Porous titanium mesh is a reliable containment system used for reconstruction of the maxilla and the mandible. This material tolerates exposure very well and gives predictable results.
3-coloring in time O(1.3289n)

We consider worst case time bounds for NP-complete problems including 3-SAT, 3-coloring, 3-edge-coloring, and 3-list-coloring. Our algorithms are based on a constraint satisfaction (CSP) formulation of these problems. 3-SAT is equivalent to (2, 3)-CSP while the other problems above are special cases of (3, 2)-CSP; there is also a natural duality transformation from (a, b)-CSP to(b, a)-CSP. We give a fast algorithm for (3, 2)-CSP and use it to improve the time bounds for solving the other problems listed above. Our techniques involve a mixture of Davis-Putnam-style backtracking with more sophisticat ed matching and network flow based ideas.
Piercing the dark matter: bioinformatics of long-range sequencing and mapping

Several new genomics technologies have become available that offer long-read sequencing or long-range mapping with higher throughput and higher resolution analysis than ever before. These long-range technologies are rapidly advancing the field with improved reference genomes, more comprehensive variant identification and more complete views of transcriptomes and epigenomes. However, they also require new bioinformatics approaches to take full advantage of their unique characteristics while overcoming their complex errors and modalities. Here, we discuss several of the most important applications of the new technologies, focusing on both the currently available bioinformatics tools and opportunities for future research. Various genomics-related fields are increasingly taking advantage of long-read sequencing and long-range mapping technologies, but making sense of the data requires new analysis strategies. This Review discusses bioinformatics tools that have been devised to handle the numerous characteristic features of these long-range data types, with applications in genome assembly, genetic variant detection, haplotype phasing, transcriptomics and epigenomics.
NeuCoin: the First Secure, Cost-efficient and Decentralized Cryptocurrency

NeuCoin is a decentralized peer-to-peer cryptocurrency derived from Sunny King’s Peercoin, which itself was derived from Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin. As with Peercoin, proof-of-stake replaces proof-of-work as NeuCoin’s security model, effectively replacing the operating costs of Bitcoin miners (electricity, computers) with the capital costs of holding the currency. Proof-of-stake also avoids proof-of-work’s inherent tendency towards centralization resulting from competition for coinbase rewards among miners based on lowest cost electricity and hash power. NeuCoin increases security relative to Peercoin and other existing proof-of-stake currencies in numerous ways, including: (1) incentivizing nodes to continuously stake coins over time through substantially higher mining rewards and lower minimum stake age; (2) abandoning the use of coin age in the mining formula; (3) causing the stake modifier parameter to change over time for each stake; and (4) utilizing a client that punishes nodes that attempt to mine on multiple branches with duplicate stakes. This paper demonstrates how NeuCoin’s proof-of-stake implementation addresses all commonly raised “nothing at stake” objections to generic proof-of-stake systems. It also reviews many of the flaws of proof-of-work designs to highlight the potential for an alternate cryptocurrency that solves these flaws.
The efficacy of Schroth`s 3-dimensional exercise therapy in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Turkey.

To determine the effectiveness of 3-dimensional therapy in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.



We carried out this study with 50 patients whose average age was 14.15 +/-1.69 years at the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation School, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, from 1999 to 2004. We treated them as outpatients, 5 days a week, in a 4-hour program for the first 6 weeks. After that, they continued with the same program at home. We evaluated the Cobb angle, vital capacity and muscle strength of the patients before treatment, and after 6 weeks, 6 months and one year, and compared all the results.



The average Cobb angle, which was 26.10 degrees on average before treatment, was 23.45 degrees after 6 weeks, 19.25 degrees after 6 months and 17.85 degrees after one year (p<0.01). The vital capacities, which were on average 2795 ml before treatment, reached 2956 ml after 6 weeks, 3125 ml after 6 months and 3215 ml after one year (p<0.01). Similarly, according to the results of evaluations after 6 weeks, 6 months and one year, we observed an increase in muscle strength and recovery of the postural defects in all patients (p<0.01).



Schroth`s technique positively influenced the Cobb angle, vital capacity, strength and postural defects in outpatient adolescents.
Why Haven't We Mastered Alignment? The Importance of the Informal Organization Structure

1 This article was reviewed and accepted by all the senior editors, including the editor-in-chief. Articles published in future issues will be accepted by just a single senior editor, based on reviews by members of the Editorial Board. 2 Sincere thanks go to Anna Dekker and Denyse O’Leary for their assistance with this research. Funding was generously provided by the Advanced Practices Council of the Society for Information Management and by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.  In this article, the terms information systems (IS) and information technology (IT) are used interchangeably. 4 Regardless of whether IS services are provided internally (in a centralized, decentralized, or federal manner) or are outsourced, we assume the boundaries of the IS function can be identified. Thus, the fit between the unit(s) providing IS services and the rest of the organization can be examined. and books have been written on the subject, firms continue to demonstrate limited alignment.
A coplanar vivaldi antenna design with improved frequency response for microwave breast imaging

The main goal of this work is to present a planar director added coplanar Vivaldi antenna with improved impedance bandwidth, directivity for microwave breast imaging applications. Three stage design procedure is proposed to enhance the directivity and impedance bandwidth. Proposed antenna operates from 1.3GHz to 7.09GHz which fractional bandwidth is over 138%. The directivity of the proposed antenna is relatively enhanced at higher frequencies. The designed antenna structure has 64×70×1.6 mm3 dimensions and suitable for microwave imaging applications.
Design and simulation of a microfluidic device for acoustic cell separation.

Experimental acoustic cell separation methods have been widely used to perform separation for different types of blood cells. However, numerical simulation of acoustic cell separation has not gained enough attention and needs further investigation since by using numerical methods, it is possible to optimize different parameters involved in the design of an acoustic device and calculate particle trajectories in a simple and low cost manner before spending time and effort for fabricating these devices. In this study, we present a comprehensive finite element-based simulation of acoustic separation of platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells, using standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs). A microfluidic channel with three inlets, including the middle inlet for sheath flow and two symmetrical tilted angle inlets for the cells were used to drive the cells through the channel. Two interdigital transducers were also considered in this device and by implementing an alternating voltage to the transducers, an acoustic field was created which can exert the acoustic radiation force to the cells. Since this force is dependent to the size of the cells, the cells are pushed towards the midline of the channel with different path lines. Particle trajectories for different cells were obtained and compared with a theoretical equation. Two types of separations were observed as a result of varying the amplitude of the acoustic field. In the first mode of separation, white blood cells were sorted out through the middle outlet and in the second mode of separation, platelets were sorted out through the side outlets. Depending on the clinical needs and by using the studied microfluidic device, each of these modes can be applied to separate the desired cells.
Extending Urban Air Quality Maps Beyond the Coverage of a Mobile Sensor Network: Data Sources, Methods, and Performance Evaluation

Targeting the problem of generating high-resolution air quality maps for cities, we leverage four different sources of data: (i) in-situ air quality measurements produced by our mobile sensor network deployed on public transportation vehicles, (ii) explanatory air-quality and meteorological variables obtained from two static monitoring stations, (iii) land-use data of the city, and (iv) traffic statistics. We propose two novel approaches for estimating the targeted pollutant level at desired time-location pairs, extending also to areas of the city that are beyond the coverage of our mobile sensor network. The first is a log-linear regression model which is built over a virtual dependency graph based on land-use data. The second is a deep learning framework that automatically captures the dependencies of the data based on autoencoders. We have evaluated the two proposed approaches against three canonical modeling techniques considering metrics of coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and the fraction of predictions within a factor of two of observations (FAC2). Using more than 45 million real measurements in the models, the results show consistently superior performance in respect to the canonical techniques.
MicroWalk: A Framework for Finding Side Channels in Binaries

Microarchitectural side channels expose unprotected software to information leakage attacks where a software adversary is able to track runtime behavior of a benign process and steal secrets such as cryptographic keys. As suggested by incremental software patches for the RSA algorithm against variants of side-channel attacks within different versions of cryptographic libraries, protecting security-critical algorithms against side channels is an intricate task. Software protections avoid leakages by operating in constant time with a uniform resource usage pattern independent of the processed secret. In this respect, automated testing and verification of software binaries for leakage-free behavior is of importance, particularly when the source code is not available. In this work, we propose a novel technique based on Dynamic Binary Instrumentation and Mutual Information Analysis to efficiently locate and quantify memory based and control-flow based microarchitectural leakages. We develop a software framework named MicroWalk for side-channel analysis of binaries which can be extended to support new classes of leakage. For the first time, by utilizing MicroWalk, we perform rigorous leakage analysis of two widely-used closed-source cryptographic libraries: Intel IPP and Microsoft CNG. We analyze 15 different cryptographic implementations consisting of 112 million instructions in about 105 minutes of CPU time. By locating previously unknown leakages in hardened implementations, our results suggest that MicroWalk can efficiently find microarchitectural leakages in software binaries.
Dual-Polarized Tapered Slot-Line Antenna Array Fed by Rotman Lens Air-Filled Ridge-Port Design

A novel ridge-port Rotman-lens is described, which operates as a lens with tapered slot-line ports. The lens parallel-plates mirror the ridge-ports to tapered slot-line ports. The lens height is half the height of the antenna array row, and two lenses can be stacked and feed one dual-polarized antenna array row, thus yielding a compact antenna system. The lens is air-filled, so it is easy to manufacture and repeatable in performance with no dielectric tolerances and losses, and it is lightweight compared to a dielectric lens. The lens with elongated tapered ports operates down to the antenna array low frequency, thus utilizing the large antenna bandwidth. These features make the ridge-port air-filled lens more useful than a conventional microstrip Rotman lens.