nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
IEEE standard 1149.6 implementation for a XAUI-to-serial 10-Gbps transceiver

The design, implementation and verification of IEEE standard1149.6 IP for a transceiver manufactured with 90 nm technology and using current mode logic (CML) are challenging because (i) CML has high operating frequency, (ii) CML has very low operating voltage range, and (iii) CML is inherently a differential type of circuitry. This work describes how major building blocks of IEEE standard1149.6 IP-such as input test receiver, boundary scan register containing new AC boundary scan cells, output test signal generation circuitry, and modified TAP controller-were implemented and verified. Third-party CAD tools typically used for IEEE standard 1149.1 IP generation were used for this implementation.
Development of A Computerized Biometric Control Examination Screening And Attendance Monitoring System With Fees Management

Examination is one of the ways to assess the receptiveness of student to various class teachings in various schools or institutions from primary to post primary and tertiary institutions. But this is not without problem like impersonation, student class absenteeism and debtor student sitting for examination especially in private institutions. The proposed system developed with the aim of solving stated problems. The system did not only has the ability to take student class attendance and screening before and after examination but it can also be used to verify whether such student is in debit to the institution or whether the student has paid required percentage of the tuition before being allowed to sit for the examination thereby reducing number of student in debit before examination started, it will also eliminate impersonation during examination and stress of manual class attendance taking and record keeping, also avoid writing of name of absent student unlike in manual process of class attendance. The system will also make it easier to calculate required percentage of class attendance before any student is allowed to sit for an examination in any institution. The system adopted biometric access control techniques, which is designed with extended graphical user interface by using Microsoft visual studio 2010 and integrated with Microsoft fingerprint reader. The student information is stored by MySQL which serve as database located in the user's computer or server. KeywordsBiometric; Fingerprint; Examination; Attendance; Tuition; Fees;
A Compact Dual-Polarized Double  ${\rm E}$-Shaped Patch Antenna With High Isolation

A compact dual-polarized double E-shaped patch antenna with high isolation for pico base station applications is presented in this communication. The proposed antenna employs a stacked configuration composed of two layers of substrate. Two modified E-shaped patches are printed orthogonally on both sides of the upper substrate. Two probes are used to excite the E-shaped patches, and each probe is connected to one patch separately. A circular patch is printed on the lower substrate to broaden the impedance bandwidth. Both simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has a port isolation higher than 30 dB over the frequency band of 2.5 GHz - 2.7 GHz, while the return loss is less than - 15 dB within the band. Moreover, stable radiation pattern with a peak gain of 6.8 dBi - 7.4 dBi is obtained within the band.
Orthosis noncompliance after the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet: a relevant problem that needs reevaluation.

Idiopathic talipes equinovarus is the most common congenital defect characterized by the presence of a congenital dysplasia of all musculoskeletal tissues distal to the knee. For many years, the treatment has been based on extensive surgery after manipulation and cast trial. Owing to poor surgical results, Ponseti developed a new treatment protocol consisting of manipulation with cast and an Achilles tenotomy. The new technique requires 4 years of orthotic management to guarantee good results. The most recent studies have emphasized how difficult it is to comply with the orthotic posttreatment protocol. Poor compliance has been attributed to parent's low educational and low income level. The purpose of the study is to evaluate if poor compliance is due to the complexity of the orthotic use or if it is related to family education, cultural, or income factors.



Fifty-three patients with 73 idiopathic talipes equinovarus feet were treated with the Ponseti technique and followed for 48 months after completing the cast treatment. There was a male predominance (72%). The mean age at presentation was 1 month (range: 1 wk to 7 mo). Twenty patients (38%) had bilateral involvement, 17 patients (32%) had right side affected, and 16 patients (30%) had the left side involved. The mean time of manipulation and casting treatment was 6 weeks (range: 4 to 10 wk). Thirty-eight patients (72%) required Achilles tenotomy as stipulated by the protocol. Recurrence was considered if there was a deterioration of the Dimeglio severity score requiring remanipulation and casting.



Twenty-four out of 73 feet treated by our service showed the evidence of recurrence (33%). Sex, age at presentation, cast treatment duration, unilateral or bilateral, severity score, the necessity of Achilles tenotomy, family educational, or income level did not reveal any significant correlation with the recurrence risk. Noncompliance with the orthotic use showed a significant correlation with the recurrence rate. The noncompliance rate did not show any correlation with the patient demographic data or parent's education level, insurance, or cultural factors as proposed previously.



The use of the brace is extremely relevant with the Ponseti technique outcome (recurrence) in the treatment of idiopathic talipes equinovarus. Noncompliance is not related to family education, cultural, or income level. The Ponseti postcasting orthotic protocol needs to be reevaluated to a less demanding option to improve outcome and brace compliance.
Design Analysis of 2.45 GHz Meander Line Antenna (MLA)

A Meander Line Antenna (MLA) for 2.45 GHz is proposed. This research focuses on the optimum value of gain and reflection coefficient. Therefore, the MLA's parametric studies is discussed which involved the number of turn, width of feed (W1), length of feed (LI) and vertical length partial ground (L3). As a result, the studies have significantly achieved MLA's gain and reflection coefficient of 3.248dB and -45dB respectively. The MLA also resembles the monopole antenna behavior of Omni-directional radiation pattern. Measured and simulated results are presented. The proposed antenna has big potential to be implemented for WLAN device such as optical mouse application.
Assessment of Patient Empowerment - A Systematic Review of Measures

Patient empowerment has gained considerable importance but uncertainty remains about the best way to define and measure it. The validity of empirical findings depends on the quality of measures used. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of studies assessing psychometric properties of questionnaires purporting to capture patient empowerment, evaluate the methodological quality of these studies and assess the psychometric properties of measures identified.



Electronic searches in five databases were combined with reference tracking of included articles. Peer-reviewed articles reporting psychometric testing of empowerment measures for adult patients in French, German, English, Portuguese and Spanish were included. Study characteristics, constructs operationalised and psychometric properties were extracted. The quality of study design, methods and reporting was assessed using the COSMIN checklist. The quality of psychometric properties was assessed using Terwee's 2007 criteria.



30 studies on 19 measures were included. Six measures are generic, while 13 were developed for a specific condition (N=4) or specialty (N=9). Most studies tested measures in English (N=17) or Swedish (N=6). Sample sizes of included studies varied from N=35 to N=8261. A range of patient empowerment constructs was operationalised in included measures. These were classified into four domains: patient states, experiences and capacities; patient actions and behaviours; patient self-determination within the healthcare relationship and patient skills development. Quality assessment revealed several flaws in methodological study quality with COSMIN scores mainly fair or poor. The overall quality of psychometric properties of included measures was intermediate to positive. Certain psychometric properties were not tested for most measures.



Findings provide a basis from which to develop consensus on a core set of patient empowerment constructs and for further work to develop a (set of) appropriately validated measure(s) to capture this. The methodological quality of psychometric studies could be improved by adhering to published quality criteria.
On integrating event definition and event detection

We develop, in this paper, a representation of time and events that supports a range of reasoning tasks such as monitoring and detection of event patterns which may facilitate the explanation of root cause(s) of faults. We shall compare two approaches to event definition: the active database approach in which events are defined in terms of the conditions for their detection at an instant, and the knowledge representation approach in which events are defined in terms of the conditions for their occurrence over an interval. We shall show the shortcomings of the former definition and employ a three-valued temporal first order nonmonotonic logic, extended with events, in order to integrate both definitions.
On the Uniform One-dimensional Fragment

The uniform one-dimensional fragment of first-order logic, U1, is a recently introduced formalism that extends two-variable logic in a natural way to contexts with relations of all arities. We survey properties of U1 and investigate its relationship to description logics designed to accommodate higher arity relations, with particular attention given to DLRreg . We also define a description logic version of a variant of U1 and prove a range of new results concerning the expressivity of U1 and related logics.
Analysis of Rail Potential and Stray Currents in a Direct-Current Transit System

The diode-grounded scheme for stray-current collection in some systems, such as the Taipei rapid transit systems (TRTS), has been constructed to gather the stray current leaking from the running rails and avoid corrosion damage to the system as well as the surrounding metallic objects. During operation of the TRTS, a high potential between the negative return bus and system earth bus at traction substations, referred to as rail potential, has been observed on the Blue line between BL13 and BL16. Since the Blue and Red-Green lines have their running rails and stray-current collector mats in junction at the G11 station, the TRTS suspects that the impedance bond at G11 is the cause of rail potential rise. This paper presents the results of field tests for studying whether the impedance bond at G11 of the tie line has an impact on rail potential and stray currents in TRTS. The results show the rail potential can be reduced by disconnecting the impedance bond at G11 of the tie line so that the negative return current of the Blue line cannot flow to the rails of the Red-Green Line, and vice-versa. In addition, rail potential and stray currents occurring at a station of the Blue line are numerically simulated by using a distributed two-layer ladder circuit model. The simulation results are compared with the field-test results and they are consistent with each other.
Control of Quantum-Confined Stark Effect in InGaN-Based Quantum Wells

This paper reviews current technological developments in polarization engineering and the control of the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) for InxGa1- xN-based quantum-well active regions, which are generally employed in visible LEDs for solid-state lighting applications. First, the origin of the QCSE in III-N wurtzite semiconductors is introduced, and polarization-induced internal fields are discussed in order to provide contextual background. Next, the optical and electrical properties of InxGa1- xN-based quantum wells that are affected by the QCSE are described. Finally, several methods for controlling the QCSE of InxGa1- xN-based quantum wells are discussed in the context of performance metrics of visible light emitters, considering both pros and cons. These strategies include doping control, strain/polarization field/electronic band structure control, growth direction control, and crystalline structure control.
Adversarial learning: A critical review and active learning study

This papers consists of two parts. The first is a critical review of prior art on adversarial learning, i) identifying some significant limitations of previous works, which have focused mainly on attack exploits and ii) proposing novel defenses against adversarial attacks. The second part is an experimental study considering the adversarial active learning scenario and an investigation of the efficacy of a mixed sample selection strategy for combating an adversary who attempts to disrupt the classifier learning.
Distance-Aware DAG Embedding for Proximity Search on Heterogeneous Graphs

Proximity search on heterogeneous graphs aims to measure the proximity between two nodes on a graph w.r.t. some semantic relation for ranking. Pioneer work often tries to measure such proximity by paths connecting the two nodes. However, paths as linear sequences have limited expressiveness for the complex network connections. In this paper, we explore a more expressive DAG (directed acyclic graph) data structure for modeling the connections between two nodes. Particularly, we are interested in learning a representation for the DAGs to encode the proximity between two nodes. We face two challenges to use DAGs, including how to efficiently generate DAGs and how to effectively learn DAG embedding for proximity search. We find distance-awareness as important for proximity search and the key to solve the above challenges. Thus we develop a novel Distance-aware DAG Embedding (D2AGE) model. We evaluate D2AGE on three benchmark data sets with six semantic relations, and we show that D2AGE outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines. We release the code on https://github.com/shuaiOKshuai.
A model of adoption determinants of ERP within T-O-E framework

The purpose of this paper is to attempts to provide further insight into IS adoption by investigating how 12 factors within the technology-organization-environment framework explain smalland medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) adoption of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software.  The approach for data collection was questionnaire survey involving executives of SMEs drawn from six fast service enterprises with strong operations in Port Harcourt. The mode of sampling was purposive and snow ball and analysis involves logistic regression test; the likelihood ratios, Hosmer and Lemeshow’s goodness of fit, and Nagelkerke’s R provided the necessary lenses.  The 12 hypothesized relationships were supported with each factor differing in its statistical coefficient and some bearing negative values. ICT infrastructures, technical know-how, perceived compatibility, perceived values, security, and firm’s size were found statistically significant adoption determinants. Although, scope of business operations, trading partners’ readiness, demographic composition, subjective norms, external supports, and competitive pressures were equally critical but their negative coefficients suggest they pose less of an obstacle to adopters than to non-adopters. Thus, adoption of ERP by SMEs is more driven by technological factors than by organizational and environmental factors.  The study is limited by its scope of data collection and phases, therefore extended data are needed to apply the findings to other sectors/industries and to factor in the implementation and post-adoption phases in order to forge a more integrated and holistic adoption framework.  The model may be used by IS vendors to make investment decisions, to meet customers’ needs, and to craft informed marketing programs that would appeal to actual and potential adopters and cause them to progress in the customer loyalty ladder.  The paper contributes to the growing research on IS innovations’ adoption by using factors within the T-O-E framework to explains SMEs’ adoption of ERP.
Unusual accidental decapitation in a road traffic incident.

Decapitation is an occurrence only rarely encountered in forensic medical practice. This fatality is generally most often described in pedestrians who have been run over by trains accidently or in cases of suicide, or alternatively in occupants of cars involved in high speed vehicle collisions. We report, for the first time, a case of a complete decapitation of a pedestrian as a consequence of a traffic accident. Due to a thorough medico-legal investigation of the body and the involved vehicle, we were able to reconstruct the unique dynamics of the accident and the mechanism of injury.
Large-Scale Mobile Traffic Analysis: A Survey

This article surveys the literature on analyses of mobile traffic collected by operators within their network infrastructure. This is a recently emerged research field, and, apart from a few outliers, relevant works cover the period from 2005 to date, with a sensible densification over the last three years. We provide a thorough review of the multidisciplinary activities that rely on mobile traffic datasets, identifying major categories and sub-categories in the literature, so as to outline a hierarchical classification of research lines. When detailing the works pertaining to each class, we balance a comprehensive view of state-of-the-art results with punctual focuses on the methodological aspects. Our approach provides a complete introductory guide to the research based on mobile traffic analysis. It allows summarizing the main findings of the current state-of-the-art, as well as pinpointing important open research directions.
Fast Range Image Segmentation and Smoothing Using Approximate Surface Reconstruction and Region Growing

Decomposing sensory measurements into relevant parts is a fundamental prerequisite for solving complex tasks, e.g., in the field of mobile manipulation in domestic environments. In this paper, we present a fast approach to surface reconstruction in range images by means of approximate polygonal meshing. The obtained local surface information and neighborhoods are then used to 1) smooth the underlying measurements, and 2) segment the image into planar regions and other geometric primitives. An evaluation using publicly available data sets shows that our approach does not rank behind state-of-the-art algorithms while allowing to process range images at high frame rates.
A dual-frequency Wilkinson power divider: for a frequency and its first harmonic

A Wilkinson power divider operating not only at one frequency f/sub 0/, but also at its first harmonic 2f/sub 0/ is presented. This power divider consists of two branches of impedance transformer, each of which consists of two sections of 1/6-wave transmission-line with different characteristic impedance. The two outputs are connected through a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor. All the features of a conventional Wilkinson power divider, such as an equal power split, impedance matching at all ports, and a good isolation between the two output ports, can be fulfilled at f/sub 0/ and 2f/sub 0/, simultaneously.
Information-Centric Networking in Mobile and Opportunistic Networks

Information Centric Networking (ICN) as an emerging paradigm for the Future Internet has initially been rather focusing on bandwidth savings in wired networks, but there might also be some significant potential to support communication in mobile wireless networks as well as opportunistic network scenarios, where end systems have spontaneous but time-limited contact to exchange data. This chapter addresses the reasoning why ICN has an important role in mobile and opportunistic networks by identifying several challenges in mobile and opportunistic Information-Centric Networks and discussing appropriate solutions for them. In particular, it discusses the issues of receiver and source mobility. Source mobility needs special attention. Solutions based on routing protocol extensions, indirection, and separation of name resolution and data transfer are discussed. Moreover, the chapter presents solutions for problems in opportunistic Information-Centric Networks. Among those are mechanisms for efficient content discovery in neighbour nodes, resume mechanisms to recover from intermittent connectivity disruptions, a novel agent delegation mechanisms to offload content discovery and delivery to mobile agent nodes, and the exploitation of overhearing to populate routing tables of mobile nodes. Some preliminary performance evaluation results of these developed mechanisms are
Queuing theory accurately models the need for critical care resources.

Allocation of scarce resources presents an increasing challenge to hospital administrators and health policy makers. Intensive care units can present bottlenecks within busy hospitals, but their expansion is costly and difficult to gauge. Although mathematical tools have been suggested for determining the proper number of intensive care beds necessary to serve a given demand, the performance of such models has not been prospectively evaluated over significant periods.



The authors prospectively collected 2 years' admission, discharge, and turn-away data in a busy, urban intensive care unit. Using queuing theory, they then constructed a mathematical model of patient flow, compared predictions from the model to observed performance of the unit, and explored the sensitivity of the model to changes in unit size.



The queuing model proved to be very accurate, with predicted admission turn-away rates correlating highly with those actually observed (correlation coefficient = 0.89). The model was useful in predicting both monthly responsiveness to changing demand (mean monthly difference between observed and predicted values, 0.4+/-2.3%; range, 0-13%) and the overall 2-yr turn-away rate for the unit (21%vs. 22%). Both in practice and in simulation, turn-away rates increased exponentially when utilization exceeded 80-85%. Sensitivity analysis using the model revealed rapid and severe degradation of system performance with even the small changes in bed availability that might result from sudden staffing shortages or admission of patients with very long stays.



The stochastic nature of patient flow may falsely lead health planners to underestimate resource needs in busy intensive care units. Although the nature of arrivals for intensive care deserves further study, when demand is random, queuing theory provides an accurate means of determining the appropriate supply of beds.
Consensus molecular subtypes and the evolution of precision medicine in colorectal cancer

Critical driver genomic events in colorectal cancer have been shown to affect the response to targeted agents that were initially developed under the 'one gene, one drug' paradigm of precision medicine. Our current knowledge of the complexity of the cancer genome, clonal evolution patterns under treatment pressure and pharmacodynamic effects of target inhibition support the transition from a one gene, one drug approach to a 'multi-gene, multi-drug' model when making therapeutic decisions. Better characterization of the transcriptomic subtypes of colorectal cancer, encompassing tumour, stromal and immune components, has revealed convergent pathway dependencies that mandate a 'multi-molecular' perspective for the development of therapies to treat this disease.