nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
With 2 Plate and 20 Text-ftgutre8 Receptive Fields, Binocular Interaction and Functional Architecture in the Cat's Visual Cortex Cat Visual Cortex Part I Organization of Receptive Fields in Cat's Visual Cortex: Properties of 'simple' and 'complex' Fields Complex Receptive Fields

What chiefly distinguishes cerebral cortex from other parts of the central nervous system is the great diversity of its cell types and inter-connexions. It would be astonishing if such a structure did not profoundly modify the response patterns of fibres coming into it. In the cat's visual cortex, the receptive field arrangements of single cells suggest that there is indeed a degree of complexity far exceeding anything yet seen at lower levels in the visual system. In a previous paper we described receptive fields of single cortical cells, observing responses to spots of light shone on one or both retinas (Hubel & Wiesel, 1959). In the present work this method is used to examine receptive fields of a more complex type (Part I) and to make additional observations on binocular interaction (Part II). This approach is necessary in order to understand the behaviour of individual cells, but it fails to deal with the problem of the relationship of one cell to its neighbours. In the past, the technique of recording evoked slow waves has been used with great success in studies of functional anatomy. It was employed by Talbot & Marshall (1941) and by Thompson, Woolsey & Talbot (1950) for mapping out the visual cortex in the rabbit, cat, and monkey. Daniel & Whitteiidge (1959) have recently extended this work in the primate. Most of our present knowledge of retinotopic projections, binocular overlap, and the second visual area is based on these investigations. Yet the method of evoked potentials is valuable mainly for detecting behaviour common to large populations of neighbouring cells; it cannot differentiate functionally between areas of cortex smaller than about 1 mm2. To overcome this difficulty a method has in recent years been developed for studying cells separately or in small groups during long micro-electrode penetrations through nervous tissue. Responses are correlated with cell location by reconstructing the electrode tracks from histological material. These techniques have been applied to CAT VISUAL CORTEX 107 the somatic sensory cortex of the cat and monkey in a remarkable series of studies by Mountcastle (1957) and Powell & Mountcastle (1959). Their results show that the approach is a powerful one, capable of revealing systems of organization not hinted at by the known morphology. In Part III of the present paper we use this method in studying the functional architecture of the visual cortex. It helped us attempt to explain on anatomical …
Characterizing cognition in ADHD: beyond executive dysfunction

The hypothesis that Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) reflects a primary inhibitory executive function deficit has spurred a substantial literature. However, empirical findings and methodological issues challenge the etiologic primacy of inhibitory and executive deficits in ADHD. Based on accumulating evidence of increased intra-individual variability in ADHD, we reconsider executive dysfunction in light of distinctions between 'hot' and 'cool' executive function measures. We propose an integrative model that incorporates new neuroanatomical findings and emphasizes the interactions between parallel processing pathways as potential loci for dysfunction. Such a reconceptualization provides a means to transcend the limits of current models of executive dysfunction in ADHD and suggests a plan for future research on cognition grounded in neurophysiological and developmental considerations.
SDN for 5G Mobile Networks: NORMA Perspective

To build a flexible and an adaptable architecture network supporting variety of services and their respective requirements, 5G NORMA introduced a network of functions based architecture breaking the major design principles followed in the current network of entities based architecture. This revolution exploits the advantages of the new technologies like Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) in conjunction with the network slicing and multitenancy concepts. In this paper we focus on the concept of Software Defined for Mobile Network Control (SDM-C) network: its definition, its role in controlling the intra network slices resources, its specificity to be QoE aware thanks to the QoE/QoS monitoring and modeling component and its complementarity with the orchestration component called SDM-O. To operate multiple network slices on the same infrastructure efficiently through controlling resources and network functions sharing among instantiated network slices, a common entity named SDM-X is introduced. The proposed design brings a set of new capabilities to make the network energy efficient, a feature that is discussed through some use cases.
A Specification-Based IDS for Detecting Attacks on RPL-Based Network Topology

Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy network (RPL) topology attacks can downgrade the network performance significantly by disrupting the optimal protocol structure. To detect such threats, we propose a RPL-specification, obtained by a semi-auto profiling technique that constructs a high-level abstract of operations through network simulation traces, to use as reference for verifying the node behaviors. This specification, including all the legitimate protocol states and transitions with corresponding statistics, will be implemented as a set of rules in the intrusion detection agents, in the form of the cluster heads propagated to monitor the whole network. In order to save resources, we set the cluster members to report related information about itself and other neighbors to the cluster head instead of making the head overhearing all the communication. As a result, information about a cluster member will be reported by different neighbors, which allow the cluster head to do cross-check. We propose to record the sequence in RPL Information Object (DIO) and Information Solicitation (DIS) messages to eliminate the synchronized issue created by the delay in transmitting the report, in which the cluster head only does cross-check on information that come from sources with the same sequence. Simulation results show that the proposed Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has a high accuracy rate in detecting RPL topology attacks, while only creating insignificant overhead (about 6.3%) that enable its scalability in large-scale network.
Enhanced Power Generation From PV Array Under Partial Shading Conditions by Shade Dispersion Using Su Do Ku Configuration

Partial shading of PV arrays reduces the energy yield of PV systems and the arrays exhibit multiple peaks in the P-V characteristics. The losses due to partial shading are not proportional to the shaded area but depend on the shading pattern, array configuration and the physical location of shaded modules in the array. This paper presents a technique to configure the modules in the array so as to enhance the generated power from the array under partial shading conditions. In this approach, the physical location of the modules in a Total Cross Tied (TCT) connected PV array are arranged based on the Su Do Ku puzzle pattern so as to distribute the shading effect over the entire array. Further, this arrangement of modules is done without altering the electrical connection of the modules in the array. The Su Do Ku arrangement reduces the effect of shading of modules in any row thereby enhancing the generated PV power. The performance of the system is investigated for different shading patterns and the results show that positioning the modules of the array according to “Su Do Ku” puzzle pattern yields improved performance under partially shaded conditions.
Data-driven Soft Sensors in the process industry

In the last two decades Soft Sensors established themselves as a valuable alternative to the traditional means for the acquisition of critical process variables, process monitoring and other tasks which are related to process control. This paper discusses characteristics of the process industry data which are critical for the development of data-driven Soft Sensors. These characteristics are common to a large number of process industry fields, like the chemical industry, bioprocess industry, steel industry, etc. The focus of this work is put on the data-driven Soft Sensors because of their growing popularity, already demonstrated usefulness and huge, though yet not completely realised, potential. A comprehensive selection of case studies covering the three most important Soft Sensor application fields, a general introduction to the most popular Soft Sensor modelling techniques as well as a discussion of some open issues in the Soft Sensor development and maintenance and their possible solutions are the main contributions of this work.
Monodispersed microfluidic droplet generation by shear focusing microfluidic device

A microfluidic device designed to generate monodispersed picoliter to femtoliter sized droplet emulsions at controlled rates is presented. This PDMS microfabricated device utilizes the geometry of the channel junctions in addition to the flow rates to control the droplet sizes. An expanding nozzle is used to control the breakup location of the droplet generation process. The droplet breakup occurs at a fixed point d droplets with s 100 nm can b generation r ©
Ear Detection under Uncontrolled Conditions with Multiple Scale Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks

Ear detection is an important step in ear recognition approaches. Most existing ear detection techniques are based on manually designing features or shallow learning algorithms. However, researchers found that the pose variation, occlusion, and imaging conditions provide a great challenge to the traditional ear detection methods under uncontrolled conditions. This paper proposes an efficient technique involving Multiple Scale Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster R-CNN) to detect ears from 2D profile images in natural images automatically. Firstly, three regions of different scales are detected to infer the information about the ear location context within the image. Then an ear region filtering approach is proposed to extract the correct ear region and eliminate the false positives automatically. In an experiment with a test set of 200 web images (with variable photographic conditions), 98% of ears were accurately detected. Experiments were likewise conducted on the Collection J2 of University of Notre Dame Biometrics Database (UND-J2) and University of Beira Interior Ear dataset (UBEAR), which contain large occlusion, scale, and pose variations. Detection rates of 100% and 98.22%, respectively, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Quality assessment for image super-resolution based on energy change and texture variation

In this paper, we propose a novel reduced-reference quality assessment metric for image super-resolution (RRIQA-SR) based on the low-resolution (LR) image information. First, we use the Markov Random Field (MRF) to model the pixel correspondence between LR and high-resolution (HR) images. Based on the pixel correspondence, we predict the perceptual similarity between image patches of LR and HR images by two components: the energy change and texture variation. The overall quality of HR images is estimated by the perceptual similarity between local image patches of LR and HR images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain better performance of quality prediction for HR images than other existing ones, even including some full-reference (FR) metrics.
A new family of omnidirectional and holonomic wheeled platforms for mobile robots

This paper presents the concepts for a new family of holonomic wheeled platforms that feature full omnidirectionality with simultaneous and independently controlled rotational and translational motion capabilities. We first present the “orthogonal-wheels” concept and the two major wheel assemblies on which these platforms are based. We then describe how a combination of these assemblies with appropriate control can be used to generate an omnidirectional capability for mobile robot platforms. Several alternative designs are considered, and their respective characteristics with respect to rotational and translational motion control are discussed. The design and control of a prototype platform developed to test and demonstrate the proposed concepts is then described, and experimental results illustrating the full omnidirectionality of the platform with decoupled rotational and translational degrees of freedom are presented.
Cognitive Control

This paper is inspired by how cognitive control manifests itself in the human brain and does so in a remarkable way. It addresses the many facets involved in the control of directed information flow in a dynamic system, culminating in the notion of information gap, defined as the difference between relevant information (useful part of what is extracted from the incoming measurements) and sufficient information representing the information needed for achieving minimal risk. The notion of information gap leads naturally to how cognitive control can itself be defined. Then, another important idea is described, namely the two-state model, in which one is the system's state and the other is the entropic state that provides an essential metric for quantifying the information gap. The entropic state is computed in the perceptual part (i.e., perceptor) of the dynamic system and sent to the controller directly as feedback information. This feedback information provides the cognitive controller the information needed about the environment and the system to bring reinforcement leaning into play; reinforcement learning (RL), incorporating planning as an integral part, is at the very heart of cognitive control. The stage is now set for a computational experiment, involving cognitive radar wherein the cognitive controller is enabled to control the receiver via the environment. The experiment demonstrates how RL provides the mechanism for improved utilization of computational resources, and yet is able to deliver good performance through the use of planning. The paper finishes with concluding remarks.
Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.

Cellulosic plant material represents an as-of-yet untapped source of fermentable sugars for significant industrial use. Many physio-chemical structural and compositional factors hinder the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass. The goal of any pretreatment technology is to alter or remove structural and compositional impediments to hydrolysis in order to improve the rate of enzyme hydrolysis and increase yields of fermentable sugars from cellulose or hemicellulose. These methods cause physical and/or chemical changes in the plant biomass in order to achieve this result. Experimental investigation of physical changes and chemical reactions that occur during pretreatment is required for the development of effective and mechanistic models that can be used for the rational design of pretreatment processes. Furthermore, pretreatment processing conditions must be tailored to the specific chemical and structural composition of the various, and variable, sources of lignocellulosic biomass. This paper reviews process parameters and their fundamental modes of action for promising pretreatment methods.
Improved learning in a large-enrollment physics class.

We compared the amounts of learning achieved using two different instructional approaches under controlled conditions. We measured the learning of a specific set of topics and objectives when taught by 3 hours of traditional lecture given by an experienced highly rated instructor and 3 hours of instruction given by a trained but inexperienced instructor using instruction based on research in cognitive psychology and physics education. The comparison was made between two large sections (N = 267 and N = 271) of an introductory undergraduate physics course. We found increased student attendance, higher engagement, and more than twice the learning in the section taught using research-based instruction.
High resolution velocity estimation for all digital, AC servo drives

Because the position transducers commonly used (optical encoders and electromagnetic resolvers) do not inherently produce a true, instantaneous velocity measurement, some signal processing techniques are generally used to estimate the velocity at each sample instant. This estimated signal is then used as the velocity feedback signal for the velocity loop control. An analysis is presented of the limitations of such approaches, and a technique which optimally estimates the velocity at each sample instant is presented. The method is shown to offer a significant improvement in command-driven systems and to reduce the effect of quantized angular resolution which limits the ultimate performance of all digital servo drives. The noise reduction is especially relevant for AC servo drives due to the high current loop bandwidths required for their correct operation. The method demonstrates improved measurement performance over a classical DC tachometer.<<ETX>>
Giving up and giving in: the costs and benefits of daily sacrifice in intimate relationships.

This research provided the first empirical investigation of how approach and avoidance motives for sacrifice in intimate relationships are associated with personal well-being and relationship quality. In Study 1, the nature of everyday sacrifices made by dating partners was examined, and a measure of approach and avoidance motives for sacrifice was developed. In Study 2, which was a 2-week daily experience study of college students in dating relationships, specific predictions from the theoretical model were tested and both longitudinal and dyadic components were included. Whereas approach motives for sacrifice were positively associated with personal well-being and relationship quality, avoidance motives for sacrifice were negatively associated with personal well-being and relationship quality. Sacrificing for avoidance motives was particularly detrimental to the maintenance of relationships over time. Perceptions of a partner's motives for sacrifice were also associated with well-being and relationship quality. Implications for the conceptualization of relationship maintenance processes along these 2 dimensions are discussed.
Table Filling Multi-Task Recurrent Neural Network for Joint Entity and Relation Extraction

This paper proposes a novel context-aware joint entity and word-level relation extraction approach through semantic composition of words, introducing a Table Filling Multi-Task Recurrent Neural Network (TF-MTRNN) model that reduces the entity recognition and relation classification tasks to a table-filling problem and models their interdependencies. The proposed neural network architecture is capable of modeling multiple relation instances without knowing the corresponding relation arguments in a sentence. The experimental results show that a simple approach of piggybacking candidate entities to model the label dependencies from relations to entities improves performance. We present state-of-the-art results with improvements of 2.0% and 2.7% for entity recognition and relation classification, respectively on CoNLL04 dataset.
Carotene: A Job Title Classification System for the Online Recruitment Domain

In the online job recruitment domain, accurate classification of jobs and resumes to occupation categories is important for matching job seekers with relevant jobs. An example of such a job title classification system is an automatic text document classification system that utilizes machine learning. Machine learning-based document classification techniques for images, text and related entities have been well researched in academia and have also been successfully applied in many industrial settings. In this paper we present Carotene, a machine learning-based semi-supervised job title classification system that is currently in production at CareerBuilder. Carotene leverages a varied collection of classification and clustering tools and techniques to tackle the challenges of designing a scalable classification system for a large taxonomy of job categories. It encompasses these techniques in a cascade classifier architecture. We first present the architecture of Carotene, which consists of a two-stage coarse and fine level classifier cascade. We compare Carotene to an early version that was based on a flat classifier architecture and also compare and contrast Carotene with a third party occupation classification system. The paper concludes by presenting experimental results on real world industrial data using both machine learning metrics and actual user experience surveys.
Polynomial Algorithms in Computer Algebra

rl, ... , rn E R (remainders) 11, ... , In ideals in R (moduli), such that Ii + Ij = R for all i =f. j Find: r E R, such that r == ri mod Ii for 1 :::  The abstract Chinese remainder problem can be treated basically in the same way as the CRP over Euclidean domains. Again there is a Lagrangian and a Newtonian approach and one can show that the problem always has a solution and if r is a solution then the set of all solutions is given by r + II n ... n In. 3.1 Chinese remainder problem 57 That is, the map ¢J: r t-+ (r + h, ... , r + In) is a homomorphism from R onto nj=1 R/lj with kernel II n ... n In. However, in the absence of the Euclidean algorithm it is not possible to compute a solution of the abstract CRP.  (1983). A preconditioned Chinese remainder algorithm If the CRA is applied in a setting where many conversions w.r.t. a fixed set of moduli have to be computed, it is reasonable to precompute all partial results depending on the moduli alone. This idea leads to a preconditioned CRA, as described in Aho et al. (1974). Theorem 3.1.7. Let rl, ... , rn and ml, ... , mn be the remainders and moduli, respectively, of a CRP in the Euclidean domain D. Let m be the product of all the moduli. Let Ci = m/mi and di = ci l mod mi for 1 :::s s n. Then n r = LCidiri mod m i=1 is a solution to the corresponding CRP. (3.l.1) Proof Since Ci is divisible by mj for j =1= i, we have Cidiri == 0 mod mj for j =1= i. Therefore n LCidiri == cjdjrj == rj mod mj, for all l:::s s n . 0 i=1 A more detailed analysis of (3.l.1) reveals many common factors of the expressions Cidiri. Let us assume that n is a power of 2, n = 2t. Obviously, ml ..... mn/2 is a factor of Cidiri for all i > n/2 and m n/2+1 ..... mn is a factor of Cidiri for all i :::s n/2. So we could write (3.1.1) as