nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Hive - A Warehousing Solution Over a Map-Reduce Framework

The size of data sets being collected and analyzed in the industry for business intelligence is growing rapidly, making traditional warehousing solutions prohibitively expensive.  is a popular open-source map-reduce implementation which is being used as an alternative to store and process extremely large data sets on commodity hardware. However, the map-reduce programming model is very low level and requires developers to write custom programs which are hard to maintain and reuse. In this paper, we present Hive, an open-source data warehousing solution built on top of Hadoop. Hive supports queries expressed in a SQL-like declarative language HiveQL, which are compiled into map-reduce jobs executed on Hadoop. In addition, HiveQL supports custom map-reduce scripts to be plugged into queries. The language includes a type system with support for tables containing primitive types, collections like arrays and maps, and nested compositions of the same. The underlying IO libraries can be extended to query data in custom formats. Hive also includes a system catalog, Hive-Metastore, containing schemas and statistics, which is useful in data exploration and query optimization. In Facebook, the Hive warehouse contains several thousand tables with over 700 terabytes of data and is being used extensively for both reporting and ad-hoc analyses by more than 100 users. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the Hive data model and the HiveQL language with an example. Section 3 describes the Hive system architecture and an overview of the query life cycle. Section 4 provides a walk-through of the demonstration. We conclude with future work in Section 5.
IGF 2 and cancer

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a 7.5 kDa mitogenic peptide hormone expressed by liver and many other tissues. It is three times more abundant in serum than IGF1, but our understanding of its physiological and pathological roles has lagged behind that of IGF1. Expression of the IGF2 gene is strictly regulated. Over-expression occurs in many cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. Elevated serum IGF2 is also associated with increased risk of developing various cancers including colorectal, breast, prostate and lung. There is established clinical utility for IGF2 measurement in the diagnosis of non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia, a condition characterised by a molar IGF2:IGF1 ratio O10. Recent advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of IGF2 in cancer have suggested much novel clinical utility for its measurement. Measurement of IGF2 in blood and genetic and epigenetic tests of the IGF2 gene may help assess cancer risk and prognosis. Further studies will determine whether these tests enter clinical practice. New therapeutic approaches are being developed to target IGF2 action. This review provides a clinical perspective on IGF2 and an update on recent research findings.
CACTI-IO: CACTI with off-chip power-area-timing models

We describe CACTI-IO, an extension to CACTI [4] that includes power, area and timing models for the IO and PHY of the off-chip memory interface for various server and mobile configurations. CACTI-IO enables design space exploration of the off-chip IO along with the DRAM and cache parameters. We describe the models added and three case studies that use CACTI-IO to study the tradeoffs between memory capacity, bandwidth and power.
 The case studies show that CACTI-IO helps (i) provide IO power numbers that can be fed into a system simulator for accurate power calculations, (ii) optimize off-chip configurations including the bus width, number of ranks, memory data width and off-chip bus frequency, especially for novel buffer-based topologies, and (iii) enable architects to quickly explore new interconnect technologies, including 3-D interconnect. We find that buffers on board and 3-D technologies offer an attractive design space involving power, bandwidth and capacity when appropriate interconnect parameters are deployed.
Embedding Transfer for Low-Resource Medical Named Entity Recognition: A Case Study on Patient Mobility

Functioning is gaining recognition as an important indicator of global health, but remains under-studied in medical natural language processing research. We present the first analysis of automatically extracting descriptions of patient mobility, using a recently-developed dataset of free text electronic health records. We frame the task as a named entity recognition (NER) problem, and investigate the applicability of NER techniques to mobility extraction. As text corpora focused on patient functioning are scarce, we explore domain adaptation of word embeddings for use in a recurrent neural network NER system. We find that embeddings trained on a small in-domain corpus perform nearly as well as those learned from large out-ofdomain corpora, and that domain adaptation techniques yield additional improvements in both precision and recall. Our analysis identifies several significant challenges in extracting descriptions of patient mobility, including the length and complexity of annotated entities and high linguistic variability in mobility descriptions.
Safeguarding CRISPR-Cas9 gene drives in yeast

RNA-guided gene drives capable of spreading genomic alterations made in laboratory organisms through wild populations could be used to address environmental and public health problems. However, the possibility of unintended genome editing occurring through the escape of strains from laboratories, coupled with the prospect of unanticipated ecological change, demands caution. We report the efficacy of CRISPR-Cas9 gene drive systems in wild and laboratory strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, we address concerns surrounding accidental genome editing by developing and validating methods of molecular confinement that minimize the risk of unwanted genome editing. We also present a drive system capable of overwriting the changes introduced by an earlier gene drive. These molecular safeguards should enable the development of safe CRISPR gene drives for diverse organisms.
Evolutionary games and population dynamics: maintenance of cooperation in public goods games.

The emergence and abundance of cooperation in nature poses a tenacious and challenging puzzle to evolutionary biology. Cooperative behaviour seems to contradict Darwinian evolution because altruistic individuals increase the fitness of other members of the population at a cost to themselves. Thus, in the absence of supporting mechanisms, cooperation should decrease and vanish, as predicted by classical models for cooperation in evolutionary game theory, such as the Prisoner's Dilemma and public goods games. Traditional approaches to studying the problem of cooperation assume constant population sizes and thus neglect the ecology of the interacting individuals. Here, we incorporate ecological dynamics into evolutionary games and reveal a new mechanism for maintaining cooperation. In public goods games, cooperation can gain a foothold if the population density depends on the average population payoff. Decreasing population densities, due to defection leading to small payoffs, results in smaller interaction group sizes in which cooperation can be favoured. This feedback between ecological dynamics and game dynamics can generate stable coexistence of cooperators and defectors in public goods games. However, this mechanism fails for pairwise Prisoner's Dilemma interactions and the population is driven to extinction. Our model represents natural extension of replicator dynamics to populations of varying densities.
Wide Band Meander Line Antenna for Wireless Communication Systems

Printed antennas are becoming one of the most popular designs in personal wireless communications systems. In this paper, the design of a novel tapered meander line antenna is presented. The design analysis and characterization of the antenna is performed using the finite difference time domain technique and experimental verifications are performed to ensure the effectiveness of the numerical model. The new design features an operating frequency of 2.55 GHz with a 230 MHz bandwidth, which supports future generations of mobile communication systems.
Self-Paced Learning: an Implicit Regularization Perspective

Self-paced learning (SPL) mimics the cognitive mechanism o f humans and animals that gradually learns from easy to hard samples. One key issue in SPL is to obtain better weighting strategy that is determined by mini zer function. Existing methods usually pursue this by artificially designing th e explicit form of SPL regularizer. In this paper, we focus on the minimizer functi on, and study a group of new regularizer, named self-paced implicit regularizer th at is deduced from robust loss function. Based on the convex conjugacy theory, the min imizer function for self-paced implicit regularizer can be directly learned fr om the latent loss function, while the analytic form of the regularizer can be even known. A general framework (named SPL-IR) for SPL is developed accordingly. We dem onstrate that the learning procedure of SPL-IR is associated with latent robu st loss functions, thus can provide some theoretical inspirations for its working m echanism. We further analyze the relation between SPL-IR and half-quadratic opt imization. Finally, we implement SPL-IR to both supervised and unsupervised tasks , nd experimental results corroborate our ideas and demonstrate the correctn ess and effectiveness of implicit regularizers.
An Exploratory Study of Data Sketching for Visual Representation

Hand-drawn sketching on napkins or whiteboards is a common, accessible method for generating visual representations. This practice is shared by experts and non-experts and is probably one of the faster and more expressive ways to draft a visual representation of data. In order to better understand the types of and variations in what people produce when sketching data, we conducted a qualitative study. We asked people with varying degrees of visualization expertise, from novices to experts, to manually sketch representations of a small, easily understandable dataset using pencils and paper and to report on what they learned or found interesting about the data. From this study, we extract a data sketching representation continuum from numeracy to abstraction; a data report spectrum from individual data items to speculative data hypothesis; and show the correspondence between the representation types and the data reports from our results set. From these observations we discuss the participants’ representations in relation to their data reports, indicating implications for design and potentially fruitful directions for research.
6 Wire Robots Part I Kinematics , Analysis & Design

One drawback of classical parallel robots is their limited workspace, mainly due to the limitation of the stroke of linear actuators. Parallel wire robots (also known as Tendon-based Steward platforms or cable robots) face this problem through substitution of the actuators by wires (or tendons, cables, . . .). Tendon-based Steward platforms have been proposed in (Landsberger & Sheridan, 1985). Although these robots share the basic concepts of classical parallel robots, there are some major differences:
Design and fabrication of materials with desired deformation behavior

This paper introduces a data-driven process for designing and fabricating materials with desired deformation behavior. Our process starts with measuring deformation properties of base materials. For each base material we acquire a set of example deformations, and we represent the material as a non-linear stress-strain relationship in a finite-element model. We have validated our material measurement process by comparing simulations of arbitrary stacks of base materials with measured deformations of fabricated material stacks. After material measurement, our process continues with designing stacked layers of base materials. We introduce an optimization process that finds the best combination of stacked layers that meets a user's criteria specified by example deformations. Our algorithm employs a number of strategies to prune poor solutions from the combinatorial search space. We demonstrate the complete process by designing and fabricating objects with complex heterogeneous materials using modern multi-material 3D printers.
Ridge Regression: Biased Estimation for Nonorthogonal Problems

In multiple regression it is shown that parameter estimates based on minimum residual sum of squares have a high probability of being unsatisfactory, if not incorrect, if the prediction vectors are not orthogonal. Proposed is an estimation procedure based on adding small positive quantities to the diagonal of X’X. Introduced is the ridge trace, a method for showing in two dimensions the effects of nonorthogonality. It is then shown how to augment X’X to obtain biased estimates with smaller mean square error.
An Overview of Genome Organization and How We Got There: from FISH to Hi-C.

In humans, nearly two meters of genomic material must be folded to fit inside each micrometer-scale cell nucleus while remaining accessible for gene transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. This fact highlights the need for mechanisms governing genome organization during any activity and to maintain the physical organization of chromosomes at all times. Insight into the functions and three-dimensional structures of genomes comes mostly from the application of visual techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular approaches including chromosome conformation capture (3C) technologies. Recent developments in both types of approaches now offer the possibility of exploring the folded state of an entire genome and maybe even the identification of how complex molecular machines govern its shape. In this review, we present key methodologies used to study genome organization and discuss what they reveal about chromosome conformation as it relates to transcription regulation across genomic scales in mammals.
Evaluation of the effect of temperature , concentration and volume of serum complement on alternative complement pathway activity in koi carp ( Cyprinus carpio koi )

Azadeh Yektaseresht1*, Amin Gholamhosseini2 , Ali Janparvar3 1*Department of Pathobiology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Shiraz University, Shiraz; Iran.  Azadeh Yektaseresht, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases; School of Veterinary Medicine; Shiraz University; Shiraz; Iran.
The paradoxical future of digital learning

What constitutes learning in the 21st century will be contested terrain as our society strives toward post-industrial forms of knowledge acquisition and production without having yet overcome the educational contradictions and failings of the industrial age. Educational reformers suggest that the advent of new technologies will radically transform what people learn, how they learn, and where they learn, yet studies of diverse learners’ use of new media cast doubt on the speed and extent of change. Drawing on recent empirical and theoretical work, this essay critically examines beliefs about the nature of digital learning and points to the role of social, culture, and economic factors in shaping and constraining educational transformation in the digital era.
A self-aligning gripper using an electrostatic/gecko-like adhesive

This paper introduces a new robotic gripper for flat surfaces based on a novel electrostatic/gecko-like adhesive. This unique gripping solution overcomes the shortcomings of vacuum grippers for part-handling by eliminating the need for a compressed air system and offering more rapid actuation, thus achieving significant potential cost savings and throughput improvements in manufacturing processes. Results demonstrate the gripper's performance on a variety of both smooth and rough surfaces, including fabrics, as well as show that the gripper is able to successfully pick up and release glass and carbon fiber sheets for over 100 cycles.
A Lightweight Secure Data Sharing Scheme for Mobile Cloud Computing

With the popularity of cloud computing, mobile devices can store/retrieve personal data from anywhere at any time. Consequently, the data security problem in mobile cloud becomes more and more severe and prevents further development of mobile cloud. There are substantial studies that have been conducted to improve the cloud security. However, most of them are not applicable for mobile cloud since mobile devices only have limited computing resources and power. Solutions with low computational overhead are in great need for mobile cloud applications. In this paper, we propose a lightweight data sharing scheme (LDSS) for mobile cloud computing. It adopts CP-ABE, an access control technology used in normal cloud environment, but changes the structure of access control tree to make it suitable for mobile cloud environments. LDSS moves a large portion of the computational intensive access control tree transformation in CP-ABE from mobile devices to external proxy servers. Furthermore, to reduce the user revocation cost, it introduces attribute description fields to implement lazy-revocation, which is a thorny issue in program based CP-ABE systems. The experimental results show that LDSS can effectively reduce the overhead on the mobile device side when users are sharing data in mobile cloud environments.
A lower limb exoskeleton control system based on steady state visual evoked potentials.

We have developed an asynchronous brain-machine interface (BMI)-based lower limb exoskeleton control system based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs).



By decoding electroencephalography signals in real-time, users are able to walk forward, turn right, turn left, sit, and stand while wearing the exoskeleton. SSVEP stimulation is implemented with a visual stimulation unit, consisting of five light emitting diodes fixed to the exoskeleton. A canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method for the extraction of frequency information associated with the SSVEP was used in combination with k-nearest neighbors.



Overall, 11 healthy subjects participated in the experiment to evaluate performance. To achieve the best classification, CCA was first calibrated in an offline experiment. In the subsequent online experiment, our results exhibit accuracies of 91.3 ± 5.73%, a response time of 3.28 ± 1.82 s, an information transfer rate of 32.9 ± 9.13 bits/min, and a completion time of 1100 ± 154.92 s for the experimental parcour studied.



The ability to achieve such high quality BMI control indicates that an SSVEP-based lower limb exoskeleton for gait assistance is becoming feasible.
Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential election

The spread of fake news on social media became a public concern in the United States after the 2016 presidential election. We examined exposure to and sharing of fake news by registered voters on Twitter and found that engagement with fake news sources was extremely concentrated. Only 1% of individuals accounted for 80% of fake news source exposures, and 0.1% accounted for nearly 80% of fake news sources shared. Individuals most likely to engage with fake news sources were conservative leaning, older, and highly engaged with political news. A cluster of fake news sources shared overlapping audiences on the extreme right, but for people across the political spectrum, most political news exposure still came from mainstream media outlets.
Wake on wireless: : an event driven energy saving strategy for battery operated devices

The demand for an all-in-one phone with integrated personal information management and data access capabilities is beginning to accelerate. While personal digital assistants (PDAs) with built-in cellular, WiFi, and Voice-Over-IP technologies have the ability to serve these needs in a single package, the rate at which energy is consumed by PDA-based phones is very high. Thus, these devices can quickly drain their own batteries and become useless to their owner.In this paper, we introduce a technique to increase the battery lifetime of a PDA-based phone by reducing its idle power, the power a device consumes in a "standby" state. To reduce the idle power, we essentially shut down the device and its wireless network card when the device is not being used---the device is powered only when an incoming call is received. Using this technique, we can increase the battery lifetime by up to 115%.In this paper, we describe the design of our "wake-on-wireless" energy-saving strategy and the prototype device we implemented. To evaluate our technique, we compare it with alternative approaches. Our results show that our technique can provide a significant lifetime improvement over other technologies.
Realtime performance-based facial animation

This paper presents a system for performance-based character animation that enables any user to control the facial expressions of a digital avatar in realtime. The user is recorded in a natural environment using a non-intrusive, commercially available 3D sensor. The simplicity of this acquisition device comes at the cost of high noise levels in the acquired data. To effectively map low-quality 2D images and 3D depth maps to realistic facial expressions, we introduce a novel face tracking algorithm that combines geometry and texture registration with pre-recorded animation priors in a single optimization. Formulated as a maximum a posteriori estimation in a reduced parameter space, our method implicitly exploits temporal coherence to stabilize the tracking. We demonstrate that compelling 3D facial dynamics can be reconstructed in realtime without the use of face markers, intrusive lighting, or complex scanning hardware. This makes our system easy to deploy and facilitates a range of new applications, e.g. in digital gameplay or social interactions. CR Categories: I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques—Interaction techniques; I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism—Animation;
Design of An anthropomorphic tendon-driven robotic finger

The flexor digitorum profundus, extensor digitorum communis and lumbrical muscle of the human hand play a significant role in the movement of the finger. The structure consisting of these muscles and tendons is important to consider an anthropomorphic tendon-driven finger. However, there are some problems to apply the structure found in humans to robotic fingers using mechanical elements. One of them is that the origin of the lumbrical muscle is not on any bones but on the tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus. Another is the non-constant length of the moment arm of the lateral band at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. We propose a design based on the kinematic model proposed by Leijnse et al.  considering the equalization of the joint torques. The proposed model can be easily realized by a structure consisting of actuators fixed to a base and a tendon-pulley system that maintains the function of those three muscle and their tendons.