nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical mouse sensor for detecting height variation and translation of a surface

A new sensing system based on an optical mouse sensor is developed. The optical mouse sensor is traditionally used as a 2D motion sensor, and in this study it is creatively used for detecting the height variation and translation of the object surfaces at the same time. Based on the experimental characteristics of the sensing system, it can be seen that the sensing system is useful in many fields such as robot odometry. The sensing system is based on a low-cost photoelectric sensor, which is a commercial LED-based optical mouse sensor, and thus it is easily available and generalized. Specially, the outputs of the sensor are intuitively displayed on the computer screen and recorded on the hard disk, which greatly improves the convenience of the system. A periodically-square-shaped rubber surface and a periodically-arc-shaped rubber surface are studied in the experiments. Experiments show that the shape information of the object surfaces and the translation direction of the object surfaces can be obtained at the same time. Besides, in the experiments, it is found that the sensitivity of the optical mouse sensor in different translation direction is different.
A Low-Noise Wideband Digital Phase-Locked Loop Based on a Coarse–Fine Time-to-Digital Converter With Subpicosecond Resolution

This paper presents the design of a digital PLL which uses a high-resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC) for wide loop bandwidth. The TDC uses a time amplification technique to reduce the quantization noise down to less than 1 ps root mean square (RMS). Additionally TDC input commutation reduces low-frequency spurs due to inaccurate TDC scaling factor in a counter-assisted digital PLL. The loop bandwidth is set to 400 kHz with a 25 MHz reference. The in-band phase noise contribution from the TDC is -116 dBc/Hz, the phase noise is -117 dBc/Hz at high band (1.8 GHz band) 400 kHz offset, and the RMS phase error is 0.3deg.
Support for vehicle-to-everything services based on LTE

Vehicular applications and communications technologies are often referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X), which is classified into four different types: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle- to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) . V2X related research projects, field tests, and regulatory work have been promoted in different countries and regions. In May 2015, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of China explained national strategies, "Made in China 2025," about intelligent connected vehicles. In 2020 and 2025, the overall technology and key technologies for intelligent driver assistance and automatic driving will be available in China, respectively . V2X solutions are the critical technologies to support the realization of such visions. Although IEEE 802.11p has been selected as the technology for V2X communications in some countries such as the United States and in Europe, the intrinsic characteristics of IEEE 802.11p have confined the technology to support low latency with high reliability [3, 4]. Standardization of Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based V2X is being actively conducted by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to provide the solution for V2X communications that benefit from the global deployment and fast commercialization of LTE systems. Because of the wide deployment of LTE networks, V2I and V2N services can be provided with high data rate, comprehensive quality of service (QoS) support, ubiquitous coverage, and high penetration rate . Meanwhile, LTE can be extended to support V2V direct communications based on device-to-device (D2D) sidelink design to satisfy the QoS requirements, such as low latency, high reliability, and high speed in the case of high vehicle density .
Auto-association by multilayer perceptrons and singular value decomposition

The multilayer perceptron, when working in auto-association mode, is sometimes considered as an interesting candidate to perform data compression or dimensionality reduction of the feature space in information processing applications. The present paper shows that, for auto-association, the nonlinearities of the hidden units are useless and that the optimal parameter values can be derived directly by purely linear techniques relying on singular value decomposition and low rank matrix approximation, similar in spirit to the well-known Karhunen-Loève transform. This approach appears thus as an efficient alternative to the general error back-propagation algorithm commonly used for training multilayer perceptrons. Moreover, it also gives a clear interpretation of the rôle of the different parameters.
Using Nonfinancial Measures to Assess Fraud Risk

This study examines whether auditors can effectively use nonfinancial measures (NFMs) to assess the reasonableness of financial performance and, thereby, help detect financial statement fraud (hereafter, fraud). If auditors or other interested parties (e.g., directors, lenders, investors, or regulators) can identify NFMs (e.g., facilities growth) that are correlated with financial measures (e.g., revenue growth), inconsistent patterns between the NFMs and financial measures can be used to detect firms with high fraud risk. We find that the difference between financial and nonfinancial performance is significantly greater for firms that committed fraud than for their nonfraud competitors. We also find that this difference is a significant fraud indicator when included in a model containing variables that have previously been linked to the likelihood of fraud. Overall, our results provide empirical evidence suggesting that NFMs can be effectively used to assess fraud risk. ∗North Carolina State University; †George Mason University; ‡Brigham Young University. We especially thank Abbie Smith (editor) and the referee for their invaluable guidance. We are grateful for helpful comments from Mark Beasley, Brian Cloyd, Andrew Felo, Glen Gray, Dana Hermanson, Diane Matson, Kevin Melendrez, Mitch Oler, Mark Peecher, and workshop participants at Indiana University, Virginia Tech University, Lehigh University, Utah State University, the 2005 Brigham Young University Research Symposium, the 2006 AAA Annual Meeting, the 2006 International Symposium on Audit Research, the 2007 Auditing Section Midyear Conference, the 2008 Conference on Corporate Governance and Fraud Prevention at George Mason University, the 2008 Corporate Governance and Ethics Symposium at George Mason University, the North Carolina Association of Government Accountants, the North Carolina Office of the State Controller, and First Citizens Bank. Finally, we appreciate the many students who gathered data for our sample of firms. This study was funded by research grants from the Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Investor Education Foundation.
Revisiting Our Reappraisal of the (Surprisingly Few) Benefits of High Self-Esteem.

Our 2003 article clashed with conventional wisdom by concluding that high self-esteem has only a couple of benefits, notably high initiative (based on trusting one's own judgment) and feeling good. Its high citation rate reflects not only the novel conclusions but also widespread interest in self-esteem both among researchers and in the broader society. Psychology may have lost some credibility by advocating efforts to raise self-esteem that were based on correlational evidence, which may be a salutary lesson for the field. There is still much to learn about self-esteem, but future work can improve by noting weaknesses in self-report data and correcting for confounds.
Dynamic programming.

Little has been done in the study of these intriguing questions, and I do not wish to give the impression that any extensive set of ideas exists that could be called a "theory." What is quite surprising, as far as the histories of science and philosophy are concerned, is that the major impetus for the fantastic growth of interest in brain processes, both psychological and physiological, has come from a device, a machine, the digital computer. In dealing with a human being and a human society, we enjoy the luxury of being irrational, illogical, inconsistent, and incomplete, and yet of coping. In operating a computer, we must meet the rigorous requirements for detailed instructions and absolute precision. If we understood the ability of the human mind to make effective decisions when confronted by complexity, uncertainty, and irrationality then we could use computers a million times more effectively than we do. Recognition of this fact has been a motivation for the spurt of research in the field of neurophysiology. The more we study the information processing aspects of the mind, the more perplexed and impressed we become. It will be a very long time before we understand these processes sufficiently to reproduce them. In any case, the mathematician sees hundreds and thousands of formidable new problems in dozens of blossoming areas, puzzles galore, and challenges to his heart's content. He may never resolve some of these, but he will never be bored. What more can he ask?
RelocNet: Continuous Metric Learning Relocalisation Using Neural Nets

We propose a method of learning suitable convolutional representations for camera pose retrieval based on nearest neighbour matching and continuous metric learning-based feature descriptors. We introduce information from camera frusta overlaps between pairs of images to optimise our feature embedding network. Thus, the final camera pose descriptor differences represent camera pose changes. In addition, we build a pose regressor that is trained with a geometric loss to infer finer relative poses between a query and nearest neighbour images. Experiments show that our method is able to generalise in a meaningful way, and outperforms related methods across several experiments.
Developing a stimulator and an interface for FES-cycling rehabilitation system

FES cycling system is introduced as a beneficial rehabilitation method for restoring muscle function in SCI patients. The system is made up of three main parts: a cycling device, a controller and an electrical stimulator. In this paper, a commercial motorized bicycle was augmented with an electrical muscle stimulator and a pedal observation interface. Firstly, a six-channel electrical stimulator was designed and manufactured whose output consists of current pulses (faradic/bursting stimulation pulses) with a wide range of rectangular waveforms (monophasic/biphasic) ranging from 0–150mA with steps of 0.6mA and time resolution of 5μs. The device is capable of receiving position feedback data from the cranks and exchanging data with the computer via serial connection, that is, it is capable of sending the cycling speed to the computer and receiving two groups of commands from the computer: the commands, needed for adjusting the frequency and pulse width of the output signals as well as the commands needed for activating the desired stimulation channel at different time intervals. The main advantages of the device are the high level of output current amplitude, the capability of fine time and amplitude tuning, the vast range of output waveforms, and the use of low cost electronics components in its structure which makes it economically efficient for being used in various FES research studies, specially FES-cycling. Secondly, a commercial motorized bicycle (Viva1) is equipped with a pedal observation interface. The device receives the signal produced by the shaft encoder attached to the motor of the bicycle and uses this data in order to calculate the cycling speed and provide an angular position index which is consequently fed to an electromyography device and helps with the process of determining muscle recruitment pattern in FES-cycling.
Slot-Coupled Multisection Quadrature Hybrid for UWB Applications

We present a three-section quadrature hybrid based on slot-coupled directional couplers, which operates over a bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. A prototype has been fabricated which exhibits a return loss better than 20 dB, isolation around 20 dB, an amplitude imbalance between output ports of less than plusmn0.75 dB and a phase imbalance between +1deg and -3deg across the 3.1-10.6 GHz band. This design outperforms previously reported results for ultra wide band operation.
An LDA-Based Approach to Scientific Paper Recommendation

Recommendation of scientific papers is a task aimed to support researchers in accessing relevant articles from a large pool of unseen articles. When writing a paper, a researcher focuses on the topics related to her/his scientific domain, by using a technical language. The core idea of this paper is to exploit the topics related to the researchers scientific production (authored articles) to formally define her/his profile; in particular we propose to employ topic modeling to formally represent the user profile, and language modeling to formally represent each unseen paper. The recommendation technique we propose relies on the assessment of the closeness of the language used in the researchers papers and the one employed in the unseen papers. The proposed approach exploits a reliable knowledge source for building the user profile, and it alleviates the cold-start problem, typical of collaborative filtering techniques. We also present a preliminary evaluation of our approach on the DBLP.
New Design Formulas for Impedance-Transforming 3-dB Marchand Baluns

New design formulas for impedance-transforming 3-dB Marchand baluns are proposed. They are about the even- and odd-mode impedances of the coupled transmission-line sections of the Marchand baluns and determined by coupling coefficients together with termination impedances. The particular property proposed in this paper is to choose the coupling coefficient arbitrarily, resulting in infinite sets of design formulas available. This is quite different from the conventional design approach in which only one coupling coefficient is possible. For the perfect isolation of the Marchand balun, an isolation circuit (IC) is needed, being composed of two 90° transmission-line sections and resistance(s). Sufficient area to build such a long IC is, however, inherently not available. For this, ways to reduce the IC size are also suggested. To validate them, a microstrip Marchand balun terminated in 130 and 70 Ω is designed at a design center frequency of 1.5 GHz and tested. The measured results are in good agreement with prediction, showing that power divisions are 3.57 and 3.262 dB, return losses at all ports are better than 21 dB, and the isolation is better than 20 dB around the design center frequency. The measured phase difference between two balanced signals is 180°±2° in about 50% bandwidth.
Ang Social Network sa Facebook ng mga Taga-Batangas at ng mga Taga-Laguna: Isang Paghahambing

Online social networking (OSN) has become of great influence to Filipinos, where Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+, and Instagram are among the popular ones. Their popularity, coupled with their intuitive and interactive use, allow one’s personal information such as gender, age, address, relationship status, and list of friends to become publicly available. The accessibility of information from these sites allow, with the aid of computers, for the study of a wide population’s characteristics even in a provincial scale. Aside from being neighbouring locales, the respective residents of Laguna and Batangas both derive their livelihoods from two lakes, Laguna de Bay and Taal Lake. Both residents experience similar problems, such as that, among many others, of fish kill. The goal of this research is to find out similarities in their respective online populations, particularly that of Facebook’s. With the use of computational dynamic social network analysis (CDSNA), we found out that the two communities are similar, among others, as follows: 1. Both populations are dominated by single young female; 2. Homophily was observed when choosing a friend in terms of age (i.e., friendships were created more often between people whose ages do not differ by at most five years); and 3. Heterophily was observed when choosing friends in terms of gender (i.e., more friendships were created between a male and a female than between both people of the same gender). This paper also presents the differences in the structure of the two social networks, such as degrees of separation and preferential attachment.
Learning Anisotropic RBF Kernels

We present an approach for learning an anisotropic RBF kernel in a game theoretical setting where the value of the game is the degree of separation between positive and negative training examples. The method extends a previously proposed method (KOMD) to perform feature re-weighting and distance metric learning in a kernel-based classification setting. Experiments on several benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method generally outperforms stateof-the-art distance metric learning methods, including the Large Margin Nearest Neighbor Classification family of methods.
Ferrite-magnet spoke-type IPMSM with W-shaped magnet placement

Rare earth magnets that have a large energy product are generally used in high-efficiency interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). However, efficient rare-earth-free motors are needed because of problems such as the high prices of and export restrictions on rare earth materials. This paper introduces a ferrite-magnet spoke-type IPMSM that employs a W-shaped magnet placement in order to achieve high efficiency. The effectiveness of the W-shaped magnet placement is verified from the results of two-dimensional finite element analysis and experiments on a prototype.
Accurate 3D reconstruction of dynamic scenes with Fourier transform assisted phase shifting

Phase shifting is a widely used method for accurate and dense 3D reconstruction. However, at least three images of the same scene are required for each reconstruction, so measurement errors are inevitable in dynamic scenes, even with high-speed hardware. In this paper, we propose a Fourier transform assisted phase shifting method to overcome the motion vulnerability in phase shifting. A new model with motion-related phase shifts is formulated, and the coarse phase measurements obtained by Fourier transform profilemetry are used to estimate the unknown phase shifts. The phase errors caused by motion are greatly reduced in this way. Experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain accurate and dense 3D reconstruction of dynamic scenes, with regard to different kinds of motion.
Fine-tuning Deep Convolutional Networks for Plant Recognition

This paper describes the participation of the ECOUAN team in the LifeCLEF 2015 challenge. We used a deep learning approach in which the complete system was learned without hand-engineered components. We pre-trained a convolutional neural network using 1.8 million images and used a fine-tuning strategy to transfer learned recognition capabilities from general domains to the specific challenge of Plant Identification task. The classification accuracy obtained by our method outperformed the best result obtained in 2014. Our group obtained the 4th position among all teams and the 10th position among 18 runs.
Enhancing bank security system using Face Recognition, Iris Scanner and Palm Vein Technology

The objective of this paper is to design a bank locker security system which is using Face Recognition, Iris Scanner and Palm Vein Technology (PVR) for securing valuable belongings. A face recognition system is a system which identifies and authenticates the image of the authorized user by using MATLAB software. The images of a person entering a unrestricted zone are taken by the camera and software compares the image with an existing database of valid users. Iris Recognition system uses generous characteristics present in human body. This technology is employed for biometric authentication in ATM’s, Immigration & border control, public safety, hospitality and tourism etc. This paper serves techniques so that capability of palm vein recognition system can be improved using modified vascular pattern thinning algorithm. Palm Vein Recognition (PVR) is a technology which recognizes palm vein pattern of an individual and matches it with the data stored in database for authentication. This is a very reliable technique and has a very good accuracy and is considered as the most secure and better technique for security purposes.
Shielding-Cancelation Technique for Suppressing Common-Mode EMI in Isolated Power Converters

In an isolated power converter, the interwinding capacitance of the transformer is the critical coupling path for the generating of common-mode (CM) noise. The shielding technique, for the purpose of blocking the electric coupling between the adjacent windings, has been widely used to deal with the CM noise. For the transformer with a single shielding layer, the displacement current that flows between the shielding layer and its adjacent windings still causes CM noise. In this paper, the shielding-cancelation (SC) technique is proposed by combining the shielding technique and the winding cancelation method together: The shielding layer is adjusted to have the same turns number and winding direction with its adjacent windings. In this way, the dv/dt on the interwinding capacitance is always zero; thus, the CM noise can be effectively suppressed. A flyback converter prototype is built in the laboratory, and the performance of the SC technique on suppressing the CM noise is verified by experiments.
Social Network Data Analytics

The advent of online social networks has been one of the most exciting events in this decade. Many popular online social networks such as Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook have become increasingly popular. In addition, a number of multimedia networks such as Flickr have also seen an increasing level of popularity in recent years. Many such social networks are extremely rich in content, and they typically contain a tremendous amount of content and linkage data which can be leveraged for analysis. The linkage data is essentially the graph structure of the social network and the communications between entities; whereas the content data contains the text, images and other multimedia data in the network. The richness of this network provides unprecedented opportunities for data analytics in the context of social networks. This book provides a data-centric view of online social networks; a topic which has been missing from much of the literature. This chapter provides an overview of the key topics in this eld, and their coverage in this book.
Knowledge , Strategy , and the Theory of the Firm Author ( s ) :

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Wiley-Blackwell and John Wiley & Sons are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Strategic Management Journal. This paper argues that firms have particular institutional capabilities that allow them to protect knowledge from expropriation and imitation more effectively than market contracting. I argue that it is these generalized institutional capabilities that allow firms to generate and protect the unique resources and capabilities that are central to the strategic theory of the firm.