nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Interdisciplinary Study of Coordination

This survey characterizes an emerging research area, sometimes called coordination theory, that focuses on the interdisciplinary study of coordination. Research in this area uses and extends ideas about coordination from disciplines such as computer science, organization theory, operations research, economics, linguistics, and psychology.
A key insight of the framework presented here is that coordination can be seen as the process of managing dependencies among activities. Further progress, therefore, should be possible by characterizing different kinds of dependencies and identifying the coordination processes that can be used to manage them. A variety of processes are analyzed from this perspective, and commonalities across disciplines are identified. Processes analyzed include those for managing shared resources, producer/consumer relationships, simultaneity constraints, and task/subtask dependencies.
Section 3 summarizes ways of applying a coordination perspective in three different domains:(1) understanding the effects of information technology on human organizations and markets, (2) designing cooperative work tools, and (3) designing distributed and parallel computer systems. In the final section, elements of a research agenda in this new area are briefly outlined.
Preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of pH sensitive, safe quercetin-succinylated chitosan-alginate core-shell-corona nanoparticle for diabetes treatment.

The study aims for development of an efficient polymeric carrier for evaluating pharmaceutical potentialities in modulating the drug profile of quercetin (QUE) in anti-diabetic research. Alginate and succinyl chitosan are focused in this investigation for encapsulating quercetin into core-shell nanoparticles through ionic cross linking. The FT-IR, XRD, NMR, SEM, TEM, drug entrapment and loading efficiency are commenced to examine the efficacy of the prepared nanoparticles in successful quercetin delivery. Obtained results showed the minimum particle size of ∼91.58nm and ∼95% quercetin encapsulation efficiently of the particles with significant pH sensitivity. Kinetics of drug release suggested self-sustained QUE release following the non-fickian trend. A pronounced hypoglycaemic effect and efficient maintenance of glucose homeostasis was evident in diabetic rat after peroral delivery of these quercetin nanoparticles in comparison to free oral quercetin. This suggests the fabrication of an efficient carrier of oral quercetin for diabetes treatment.
Bidirectional LSTM-RNN for Improving Automated Assessment of Non-Native Children's Speech

Recent advances in ASR and spoken language processing have led to improved systems for automated assessment for spoken language. However, it is still challenging for automated scoring systems to achieve high performance in terms of the agreement with human experts when applied to non-native children’s spontaneous speech. The subpar performance is mainly caused by the relatively low recognition rate on non-native children’s speech. In this paper, we investigate different neural network architectures for improving non-native children’s speech recognition and the impact of the features extracted from the corresponding ASR output on the automated assessment of speaking proficiency. Experimental results show that bidirectional LSTM-RNN can outperform feed-forward DNN in ASR, with an overall relative WER reduction of 13.4%. The improved speech recognition can then boost the language proficiency assessment performance. Correlations between the rounded automated scores and expert scores range from 0.66 to 0.70 for the three speaking tasks studied, similar to the humanhuman agreement levels for these tasks.
Doubly-Efficient zkSNARKs Without Trusted Setup

We present a zero-knowledge argument for NP with low communication complexity, low concrete cost for both the prover and the verifier, and no trusted setup, based on standard cryptographic assumptions. Communication is proportional to d log G (for d the depth and G the width of the verifying circuit) plus the square root of the witness size. When applied to batched or data-parallel statements, the prover's runtime is linear and the verifier's is sub-linear in the verifying circuit size, both with good constants. In addition, witness-related communication can be reduced, at the cost of increased verifier runtime, by leveraging a new commitment scheme for multilinear polynomials, which may be of independent interest. These properties represent a new point in the tradeoffs among setup, complexity assumptions, proof size, and computational cost. We apply the Fiat-Shamir heuristic to this argument to produce a zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zkSNARK) in the random oracle model, based on the discrete log assumption, which we call Hyrax. We implement Hyrax and evaluate it against five state-of-the-art baseline systems. Our evaluation shows that, even for modest problem sizes, Hyrax gives smaller proofs than all but the most computationally costly baseline, and that its prover and verifier are each faster than three of the five baselines.
Necklace Maps

Statistical data associated with geographic regions is nowadays globally available in large amounts and hence automated methods to visually display these data are in high demand. There are several well-established thematic map types for quantitative data on the ratio-scale associated with regions: choropleth maps, cartograms, and proportional symbol maps. However, all these maps suffer from limitations, especially if large data values are associated with small regions. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel type of quantitative thematic map, the necklace map. In a necklace map, the regions of the underlying two-dimensional map are projected onto intervals on a one-dimensional curve (the necklace) that surrounds the map regions. Symbols are scaled such that their area corresponds to the data of their region and placed without overlap inside the corresponding interval on the necklace. Necklace maps appear clear and uncluttered and allow for comparatively large symbol sizes. They visualize data sets well which are not proportional to region sizes. The linear ordering of the symbols along the necklace facilitates an easy comparison of symbol sizes. One map can contain several nested or disjoint necklaces to visualize clustered data. The advantages of necklace maps come at a price: the association between a symbol and its region is weaker than with other types of maps. Interactivity can help to strengthen this association if necessary. We present an automated approach to generate necklace maps which allows the user to interactively control the final symbol placement. We validate our approach with experiments using various data sets and maps.
Efficient and Effective Ultrasound Image Analysis Scheme for Thyroid Nodule Detection

Ultrasound imaging of thyroid gland provides the ability to acquire valuable information for medical diagnosis. This study presents a novel scheme for the analysis of longitudinal ultrasound images aiming at efficient and effective computer-aided detection of thyroid nodules. The proposed scheme involves two phases: a) application of a novel algorithm for the detection of the boundaries of the thyroid gland and b) detection of thyroid nodules via classification of Local Binary Pattern feature vectors extracted only from the area between the thyroid boundaries. Extensive experiments were performed on a set of B-mode thyroid ultrasound images. The results show that the proposed scheme is a faster and more accurate alternative for thyroid ultrasound image analysis than the conventional, exhaustive feature extraction and classification scheme.
Relationship of contraction capacity to metabolic changes during recovery from a fatiguing contraction.

The relationship between changes in muscle metabolites and the contraction capacity was investigated in humans. Subjects (n = 13) contracted (knee extension) at a target force of 66% of the maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC) to fatigue, and the recovery in MVC and endurance (time to fatigue) were measured. Force recovered rapidly [half-time (t 1/2) less than 15 s] and after 2 min of recovery was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from the precontraction value. Endurance recovered more slowly (t 1/2 approximately 1.2 min) and was still significantly depressed after 2 and 4 min of recovery (P less than 0.05). In separate experiments (n = 10) muscle biopsy specimens were taken from the quadriceps femoris muscle before and after two successive contractions to fatigue at 66% of MVC with a recovery period of 2 or 4 min in between. The muscle content of high-energy phosphates and lactate was similar at fatigue after both contractions, whereas glucose 6-phosphate was lower after the second contraction (P less than 0.05). During recovery, muscle lactate decreased and was 74 and 43% of the value at fatigue after an elapsed period of 2 and 4 min, respectively. The decline in H+ due to lactate disappearance is balanced, however, by a release of H+ due to resynthesis of phosphocreatine, and after 2 min of recovery calculated muscle pH was found to remain at a low level similar to that at fatigue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
NAPS: Natural Program Synthesis Dataset

We present a program synthesis-oriented dataset consisting of human written problem statements and solutions for these problems. The problem statements were collected via crowdsourcing and the program solutions were extracted from humanwritten solutions in programming competitions, accompanied by input/output examples. We propose using this dataset for the program synthesis tasks aimed for working with real user-generated data. As a baseline we present few models, with best model achieving 5.6% accuracy, showcasing both complexity of the dataset and large room for
Development of 2.4GHz one-sided directional planar antenna with quarter wavelength top metal

For mobile communication systems, small size and low profile antennas are necessary. Planar printed antennas such as slot antenna and microstrip antenna are attractive for their use in mobile and wireless communication systems due to their low profile compact size [1], . However, because of the electro-magnetic interference, radiation of omni directional antenna such as the slot antenna is remarkably deteriorated if the metal block of RFIC (radio frequency integrated circuit) or body of a car approaches to the back of the antenna. Patch antenna is one of the solutions to overcome these problems . However, radiation efficiency and bandwidth of a patch antenna decreases rapidly as the thickness of the substrate decreases, and also one-sided directional patch antenna has large ground plane. Therefore, miniaturized antennas on thinner substrate are necessary for future 3-dimension packaging techniques in integrating with RF-chips. In our previous works, we presented the design theory of the one-sided directional electrically small antenna (ESA) composed of an impedance matching circuit, a half wavelength (λ/2) top metal and a bottom floating metal layer for IMS (@2.4GHz) application .
On the Composition and Neutrix Composition of the Delta Function with the Hyperbolic Tangent and Its Inverse Functions

Let F be a distribution in D′ and let f be a locally summable function. The composition F f x of F and f is said to exist and be equal to the distribution h x if the limit of the sequence {Fn f x } is equal to h x , where Fn x F x ∗ δn x for n 1, 2, . . . and {δn x } is a certain regular sequence converging to the Dirac delta function. It is proved that the neutrix composition δ rs−1 tanhx 1/r exists and δ rs−1 tanhx 1/r ∑s−1 k 0 ∑Kk i 0 −1 cs−2i−1,k rs !/2sk! δ k x for r, s 1, 2, . . ., where Kk is the integer part of s − k − 1 /2 and the constants cj,k are defined by the
Intelligent cross road traffic management system (ICRTMS)

The aim of this research is to provide a design of an integrated intelligent system for management and controlling traffic lights based on distributed long range Photoelectric Sensors in distances prior to and after the traffic lights. The appropriate distances for sensors are chosen by the traffic management department so that they can monitor cars that are moving towards a specific traffic and then transfer this data to the intelligent software that are installed in the traffic control cabinet, which can control the traffic lights according to the measures that the sensors have read, and applying a proposed algorithm based on the total calculated relative weight of each road. Accordingly, the system will open the traffic that are overcrowded and give it a longer time larger than the given time for other traffics that their measures proved that their traffic density is less. This system can be programmed with very important criteria that enable it to take decisions for intelligent automatic control of traffic lights. Also the proposed system is designed to accept information about any emergency case through an active RFID based technology. Emergency cases such as the passing of presidents, ministries and ambulances vehicles that require immediate opening for the traffic automatically. The system has the ability to open a complete path for such emergency cases from the next traffic until reaching the target destination. (end of the path). As a result the system will guarantee the fluency of traffic for such emergency cases or for the main vital streets and paths that require the fluent traffic all the time, without affecting the fluency of traffic generally at normal streets according to the time of the day and the traffic density. Also the proposed system can be tuned to run automatically without any human intervention or can be tuned to allow human intervention at certain circumstances.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in mice lacking aquaporin-3 water channels.

Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a water channel expressed at the basolateral plasma membrane of kidney collecting-duct epithelial cells. The mouse AQP3 cDNA was isolated and encodes a 292-amino acid water/glycerol-transporting glycoprotein expressed in kidney, large airways, eye, urinary bladder, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. The mouse AQP3 gene was analyzed, and AQP3 null mice were generated by targeted gene disruption. The growth and phenotype of AQP3 null mice were grossly normal except for polyuria. AQP3 deletion had little effect on AQP1 or AQP4 protein expression but decreased AQP2 protein expression particularly in renal cortex. Fluid consumption in AQP3 null mice was more than 10-fold greater than that in wild-type litter mates, and urine osmolality (<275 milliosmol) was much lower than in wild-type mice (>1,200 milliosmol). After 1-desamino-8-d-arginine-vasopressin administration or water deprivation, the AQP3 null mice were able to concentrate their urine partially to approximately 30% of that in wild-type mice. Osmotic water permeability of cortical collecting-duct basolateral membrane, measured by a spatial filtering optics method, was >3-fold reduced by AQP3 deletion. To test the hypothesis that the residual concentrating ability of AQP3 null mice was due to the inner medullary collecting-duct water channel AQP4, AQP3/AQP4 double-knockout mice were generated. The double-knockout mice had greater impairment of urinary-concentrating ability than did the AQP3 single-knockout mice. Our findings establish a form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus produced by impaired water permeability in collecting-duct basolateral membrane. Basolateral membrane aquaporins may thus provide blood-accessible targets for drug discovery of aquaretic inhibitors.
Mr. Doc: A Doctor Appointment Application System

-Life is becoming too busy to get medical appointments in person and to maintain a proper health care. The main idea of this work is to provide ease and comfort to patients while taking appointment from doctors and it also resolves the problems that the patients has to face while making an appointment. The android application Mr.Doc acts as a client whereas the database containing the doctor’s details, patient’s details and appointment details is maintained by a website that acts as a server.
Text Detection and Recognition in images: A survey

Text Detection and recognition is a one of the important aspect of image processing. This paper analyzes and compares the methods to handle this task. It summarizes the fundamental problems and enumerates factors that need consideration when addressing these problems. Existing techniques are categorized as either stepwise or integrated and sub-problems are highlighted including digit localization, verification, segmentation and recognition. Special issues associated with the enhancement of degraded text and the processing of video text and multi-oriented text are also addressed. The categories and sub-categories of text are illustrated, benchmark datasets are enumerated, and the performance of the most representative approaches is compared. This review also provides a fundamental comparison and analysis of the remaining problems in the field.
Applying MDA approach for Spring MVC Framework

Separation of business logic from any technical platform is an important principle to cope with complexity, and to achieve the required engineering quality factors such as adaptability, maintainability, and reusability. In this context, Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a framework defined by the OMG for designing high quality software systems. In this paper we are going to present a model-driven approach to the development of the MVC2 web applications especially Spring MVC based on the uml class diagramme. The transformation language is ATL (Atlas Transformation Language). The transformation rules defined in this paper can generate from, the class diagramme, an XML file respecting the architecture MVC2 (Model-View-Controller), this file can be used to generate the end-to-end necessary Spring MVC code of a web application.
Optimizing Coverage in a K-Covered and Connected Sensor Network Using Genetic Algorithms

Sensing coverage of a sensor network characterizes how well an area is monitored or tracked by sensors. Connectivity is an important requirement that shows how nod es in a sensor network can effectively communicate. Some hotspot areas in the network are more important than oth er areas and need to be covered by more sensors. We are interested in an initial deployment strategy that maxim izes the coverage area of wireless sensor network while preserving connectivity between nodes provided that all gi ven hotspot regions are covered by at least k sensors. We propose a genetic algorithm based solution to find an optim al sensor node distribution. Experimental results are presented to evaluate our algorithm. Wireless Sensor Networks, Genetic Algorithm, Coverage, Co nnectivity, k-Coverage
An 8.4Gb/s 2.5pJ/b mobile memory I/O interface using simultaneous bidirectional Dual (Base+RF) band signaling

Power and bandwidth requirements have become more stringent for DRAMs in recent years. This is largely because mobile devices (such as smart phones) are more intensively relying on the use of graphics. Current DDR memory I/Os operate at 5Gb/s with a power efficiency of 17.4mW/Gb/s (i.e., 17.4pJ/b)[1], and graphic DRAM I/Os operate at 7Gb/s/pin  with a power efficiency worse than that of DDR. High-speed serial links , with a better power efficiency of ∼1mW/Gb/s, would be favored for mobile memory I/O interface. However, serial links typically require long initialization time (∼1000 clock cycles), and do not meet mobile DRAM I/O requirements for fast switching between active, standby, self-refresh and power-down operation modes . Also, traditional baseband-only (or BB-only) signaling tends to consume power super-linearly  for extended bandwidth due to the need of power hungry pre-emphasis, and equalization circuits.
Cardiovascular complications after non-cardiac surgery.

Cardiac complications are common after non-cardiac surgery. Peri-operative myocardial infarction occurs in 3% of patients undergoing major surgery. Recently, however, our understanding of the epidemiology of these cardiac events has broadened to include myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery, diagnosed by an asymptomatic troponin rise, which also carries a poor prognosis. We review the causation of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery, with potential for prevention and treatment, based on currently available international guidelines and landmark studies. Postoperative arrhythmias are also a frequent cause of morbidity, with atrial fibrillation and QT-prolongation having specific relevance to the peri-operative period. Postoperative systolic heart failure is rare outside of myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery, but the impact of pre-operative diastolic dysfunction and its ability to cause postoperative heart failure is increasingly recognised. The latest evidence regarding diastolic dysfunction and the impact on non-cardiac surgery are examined to help guide fluid management for the non-cardiac anaesthetist.
The Human Phenotype Ontology: a tool for annotating and analyzing human hereditary disease.

There are many thousands of hereditary diseases in humans, each of which has a specific combination of phenotypic features, but computational analysis of phenotypic data has been hampered by lack of adequate computational data structures. Therefore, we have developed a Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) with over 8000 terms representing individual phenotypic anomalies and have annotated all clinical entries in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man with the terms of the HPO. We show that the HPO is able to capture phenotypic similarities between diseases in a useful and highly significant fashion.
3D Convolutional Neural Networks Fusion Model for Lung Nodule Detection onClinical CT Scans

Automatically accurate pulmonary nodule detection plays an important role in lung cancer diagnosis and early treatment. We propose a three-dimensional (3D) Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) fusion model for lung nodule detection on clinical CT scans. Two 3D ConvNets models are trained separately without any pre-training weights: One trained on the LUng Nodule Analysis 2016 dataset (LUNA) and additional augmented data to learn the nodules’ representative features in volumetric space, which may cause overfitting problems meanwhile, so we train another network on original data and fuse the results of the two best-performing models to reduce this risk. Both use reshaped objective function to solve the class imbalance problem and differentiate hard samples from easy samples. More importantly, 335 patients’ CT scans from the hospital are further used to evaluate and help optimize the performance of our approach in the real situation, and we develop a system based on this method. Experimental results show a sensitivity of 95.1% at 8 false positives per scan in Free Receiver Operating Characteristics (FROC) curve analysis, and our system has a pleasing generalization ability in clinical data.
Measurement of AT electric railway system currents at power-supply frequency and validation of a multiconductor transmission-line model

An electric traction system supplied at 2 /spl times/ 25 kV with autotransformers (ATs) is considered. The conductors' arrangement is that of the new European High Speed Railway Line (HSRL) under construction: The overhead supply conductors in contact with the train pantograph are connected to a symmetrical circuit (the feeder) with the purpose of current balancing; the traction return current flows from the rolling stock axles back to the supply (i.e., substation) through the traction rails and additional return conductors. The test campaign carried on the Rome-Naples HSRL allowed the validation of the multiconductor transmission line model used for system analysis. Measurements were performed in normal system configuration (2 /spl times/ 25-kV supply) and degraded configuration (1 /spl times/ 25 kV with AT and feeder not operating). Metrological issues (accuracy and consistency) are detailed for the presented results.