nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Orientation Inference Framework for Surface Reconstruction From Unorganized Point Clouds

In this paper, we present an orientation inference framework for reconstructing implicit surfaces from unoriented point clouds. The proposed method starts from building a surface approximation hierarchy comprising of a set of unoriented local surfaces, which are represented as a weighted combination of radial basis functions. We formulate the determination of the globally consistent orientation as a graph optimization problem by treating the local implicit patches as nodes. An energy function is defined to penalize inconsistent orientation changes by checking the sign consistency between neighboring local surfaces. An optimal labeling of the graph nodes indicating the orientation of each local surface can, thus, be obtained by minimizing the total energy defined on the graph. The local inference results are propagated over the model in a front-propagation fashion to obtain the global solution. The reconstructed surfaces are consolidated by a simple and effective inspection procedure to locate the erroneously fitted local surfaces. A progressive reconstruction algorithm that iteratively includes more oriented points to improve the fitting accuracy and efficiently updates the RBF coefficients is proposed. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method by showing the surface reconstruction results on some real-world 3-D data sets with comparison to those by using the previous methods.
Cardiac chamber formation: development, genes, and evolution.

Concepts of cardiac development have greatly influenced the description of the formation of the four-chambered vertebrate heart. Traditionally, the embryonic tubular heart is considered to be a composite of serially arranged segments representing adult cardiac compartments. Conversion of such a serial arrangement into the parallel arrangement of the mammalian heart is difficult to understand. Logical integration of the development of the cardiac conduction system into the serial concept has remained puzzling as well. Therefore, the current description needed reconsideration, and we decided to evaluate the essentialities of cardiac design, its evolutionary and embryonic development, and the molecular pathways recruited to make the four-chambered mammalian heart. The three principal notions taken into consideration are as follows. 1) Both the ancestor chordate heart and the embryonic tubular heart of higher vertebrates consist of poorly developed and poorly coupled "pacemaker-like" cardiac muscle cells with the highest pacemaker activity at the venous pole, causing unidirectional peristaltic contraction waves. 2) From this heart tube, ventricular chambers differentiate ventrally and atrial chambers dorsally. The developing chambers display high proliferative activity and consist of structurally well-developed and well-coupled muscle cells with low pacemaker activity, which permits fast conduction of the impulse and efficacious contraction. The forming chambers remain flanked by slowly proliferating pacemaker-like myocardium that is temporally prevented from differentiating into chamber myocardium. 3) The trabecular myocardium proliferates slowly, consists of structurally poorly developed, but well-coupled, cells and contributes to the ventricular conduction system. The atrial and ventricular chambers of the formed heart are activated and interconnected by derivatives of embryonic myocardium. The topographical arrangement of the distinct cardiac muscle cells in the forming heart explains the embryonic electrocardiogram (ECG), does not require the invention of nodes, and allows a logical transition from a peristaltic tubular heart to a synchronously contracting four-chambered heart. This view on the development of cardiac design unfolds fascinating possibilities for future research.
Millimeter-WaveWireless Communication Systems : Theory and Applications

Recently, millimeter-wave radio has attracted a great deal of interest from academia, industry, and global standardization bodies due to a number of attractive features of millimeter-wave to provide multi-gigabit transmission rate. This enables many new applications such as high definition multimedia interface (HDMI) cable replacement for uncompressed video or audio streaming and multi-gigabit file transferring, all of which intended to provide better quality and user experience. Despite of unique capability of millimeter-wave technology to offer such a high data rate demand, a number of technical challenges need to be overcome or well understood before its full deployment. This special issue is aimed to provide a more thorough understanding of millimeter-wave technology and can be divided into three parts. The first part presents the recent status and development of millimeter-wave technology and the second part discusses various types of propagation channel models. Finally, the last part of this special issue presents some technical challenges with respect to suitable millimeter-wave air interface and highlights some related implementation issues. In the first paper by S.-K. Yong and C.-C. Chong, the authors provide a generic overview of the current status of the millimeter wave radio technology. In particular, the potential and limitations of this new technology in order to support the multi-gigabit wireless application are discussed. The authors envisioned that the 60 GHz radio will be one of the important candidates for the next generation wireless systems. This paper also included a link budget study that highlights the crucial role of antennas in establishing a reliable communication link. The second paper by N. Guo et al. extends the overview discussion of the first paper by summarizing some recent works in the area of 60 GHz radio system design. Some new simulation results are being reported which shown the impact of the phase noise on the bit-error rate (BER). The authors concluded that phase noise is a very important factor when considering multi-gigabit wireless transmission and has to be taken into account seriously. In the third paper by C.-P. Lim et al. the authors propose a 60 GHz indoor propagation channel model based on the ray-tracing method. The model is validated with measurements conducted in indoor environment. Important parameters such as root mean square (RMS) delay spread and the fading statistics in order to characterize the behavior of the millimeter-wave multipath propagation channel are extracted from the measurement database. This ray-tracing model is particularly important …
Play interventions to reduce anxiety and negative emotions in hospitalized children

Hospitalization is a stressful and threatening experience, which can be emotionally devastating to children. Hospital play interventions have been widely used to prepare children for invasive medical procedures and hospitalization. Nevertheless, there is an imperative need for rigorous empirical scrutiny of the effectiveness of hospital play interventions, in particular, using play activities to ease the psychological burden of hospitalized children. This study tested the effectiveness of play interventions to reduce anxiety and negative emotions in hospitalized children.



A non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test, between subjects design was conducted in the two largest acute-care public hospitals in Hong Kong. A total of 304 Chinese children (ages 3-12) admitted for treatments in these two hospitals were invited to participate in the study. Of the 304 paediatric patients, 154 received hospital play interventions and 150 received usual care.



Children who received the hospital play interventions exhibited fewer negative emotions and experienced lower levels of anxiety than those children who received usual care.



This study addressed a gap in the literature by providing empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of play interventions in reducing anxiety and negative emotions in hospitalized children. Findings from this study emphasize the significance of incorporating hospital play interventions to provide holistic and quality care to ease the psychological burden of hospitalized children.
Upper Extremity Limb Function Discrimination Using EMG Signal Analysis

A signal analysis technique is developed for discriminating a set of lower arm and wrist functions using surface EMG signals. Data wete obtained from four electrodes placed around the proximal forearm. The functions analyzed included wrist flexion/extension, wrist abduction/adduction, and forearm pronation/supination. Multivariate autoregression models were derived for each function; discrimination was performed using a multiple-model hypothesis detection technique. This approach extends the work of Graupe and Cline  by including spatial correlations and by using a more generalized detection philosophy, based on analysis of the time history of all limb function probabilities. These probabilities are the sufficient statistics for the problem if the EMG data are stationary Gauss-Markov processes. Experimental results on-normal subjects are presented which demonstrate the advantages of using the spatial and time correlation of the signals. This technique should be useful in generating control signals for prosthetic devices.
A Self-Organizing Semantic Map for Information Retrieval

Self-organizing Semantic Map for Information Retrieval Xia Lin Dagobert Soergel Gary Marchionini College of Library and Information Services University of Maryland College Park, A neural network’s unsupervised learning algorithm, Kohonen’s feature map, is applied to constructing a selforganizing semantic map for information retrieval. The semantic map visualizes semantic relationships between input documents, and has properties of economic representation of data with their interrelationships. The potentials of the semantic map include using the map as a retrieval interface for an online bibliographic system. A prototype system that demonstrates this potential is described.
Health Care Behaviours and Beliefs in Hasidic Jewish Populations: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Cultural issues impact on health care, including individuals’ health care behaviours and beliefs. Hasidic Jews, with their strict religious observance, emphasis on kabbalah, cultural insularity and spiritual leader, their Rebbe, comprise a distinct cultural group. The reviewed studies reveal that Hasidic Jews may seek spiritual healing and incorporate religion in their explanatory models of illness; illness attracts stigma; psychiatric patients’ symptomatology may have religious content; social and cultural factors may challenge health care delivery. The extant research has implications for clinical practice. However, many studies exhibited methodological shortcomings with authors providing incomplete analyses of the extent to which findings are authentically Hasidic. High-quality research is required to better inform the provision of culturally competent care to Hasidic patients.
Theory and Applications of Compressed Sensing

Compressed sensing is a novel research area, which was intro duced in 2006, and since then has already become a key concept in various areas of applied m athe atics, computer science, and electrical engineering. It surprisingly predicts that igh-dimensional signals, which allow a sparse representation by a suitable basis or, more general ly, a frame, can be recovered from what was previously considered highly incomplete linear me asurements by using efficient algorithms. This article shall serve as an introduction to a nd survey about compressed sensing.
3D Point Cloud Learning for Large-scale Environment Analysis and Place Recognition

In this paper, we develop a new deep neural network which can extract discriminative and generalizable global descriptors from the raw 3D point cloud. Specifically, two novel modules, Adaptive Local Feature Extraction and Graph-based Neighborhood Aggregation, are designed and integrated into our network. This contributes to extract the local features adequately, reveal the spatial distribution of the point cloud, and find out the local structure and neighborhood relations of each part in a large-scale point cloud with an end-to-end manner. Furthermore, we utilize the network output for point cloud based analysis and retrieval tasks to achieve large-scale place recognition and environmental analysis. We tested our approach on the Oxford RobotCar dataset. The results for place recognition increased the existing state-of-the-art result (PointNetVLAD) from 81.01% to 94.92%. Moreover, we present an application to analyze the large-scale environment by evaluating the uniqueness of each location in the map, which can be applied to localization and loop-closure tasks, which are crucial for robotics and self-driving applications.
A Comparison of Static Analysis Tools for Vulnerability Detection in C / C + + Code

We describe work that is part of a research project on static code analysis between the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and Bitdefender. The goal of the project is to develop customized static analysis tools for detecting potential vulnerabilities in C/C++ code. We have so far benchmarked several existing static analysis tools for C/C++ against the Toyota ITC test suite in order to determine which tools are best suited to our purpose. We discuss and compare several quality indicators such as precision, recall and running time of the tools. We analyze which tools perform best for various categories of potential vulnerabilities such as buffer overflows, integer overflow, etc.
Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise.

Lifestyle intervention can be effective when treating non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) patients. Weight loss decreases cardiovascular and diabetes risk and can also regress liver disease. Weight reductions of ⩾10% can induce a near universal non-alcoholic steatohepatitis resolution and fibrosis improvement by at least one stage. However, modest weight loss (>5%) can also produce important benefits on the components of the NAFLD activity score (NAS). Additionally, we need to explore the role of total calories and type of weight loss diet, micro- and macronutrients, evidence-based benefits of physical activity and exercise and finally support these modifications through established behavioural change models and techniques for long-term maintenance of lifestyle modifications. Following a Mediterranean diet can reduce liver fat even without weight loss and is the most recommended dietary pattern for NAFLD. The Mediterranean diet is characterised by reduced carbohydrate intake, especially sugars and refined carbohydrates (40% of the calories vs. 50-60% in a typical low fat diet), and increased monounsaturated and omega-3 fatty acid intake (40% of the calories as fat vs. up-to 30% in a typical low fat diet). Both TV sitting (a reliable marker of overall sedentary behaviour) and physical activity are associated with cardio-metabolic health, NAFLD and overall mortality. A 'triple hit behavioural phenotype' of: i) sedentary behaviour, ii) low physical activity, and iii) poor diet have been defined. Clinical evidence strongly supports the role of lifestyle modification as a primary therapy for the management of NAFLD and NASH. This should be accompanied by the implementation of strategies to avoid relapse and weight regain.
Music emotion recognition using chord progressions

The chord progression is a fundamental building block in music which sketches the overall mood of a song. Many composers compose music by first deciding chord progressions as a structure and then adding melody and details. Despite its importance, it is rarely used as an emotional feature in music emotion recognition. Few previous works considered chords or intervals as features but the progression or transition of chords were ignored. In this work, we explore the effect of chord progressions in music emotion recognition. We collected music database and extracted features to form an emotion recognition model. The chord progression is then detected from each song, and its effectiveness is showed using cross-validation. The results show that chord progressions have influence in music emotion, especially valence.
TEXTS : The Code Book : The Evolution of Secrecy from Mary Queen of Scots to Quantum Cryptography

coherent exposition difficult. Almost every war, however, has notable instances where some cipher message solution foils a plot or wins a battle. Here it is easy to connect the cryptographic or cryptanalytic technicalities with particular historical events, but a book that relies too much on such instances becomes in effect no more than an adventure story anthology. So it is no surprise that there are few general surveys of the history of cryptography and fewer good ones. The rule of thumb seems to be one new book every thirty years. In 1902 and 1906 Alois Meister published his immensely scholarly Die Anfänge der Modernen Diplomatischen Geheimschrift and Die Geheimschrift im Dienste der Päpstlichen Kurie, reproducing and summarizing texts relevant to cryptography in the late medieval and early modern periods. The readership cannot have been large. At the opposite extreme of readability was the 1939 Secret and Urgent: The Story of Codes and Ciphers by the journalist and naval affairs commentator Fletcher Pratt. The book presented a breezy series of thrilling anecdotal historical episodes involving ciphers and code-breaking exploits. Each episode came complete with Sunday supplement-style character sketches and just the
Automatic Text Simplification For Handling Intellectual Property (The Case of Multiple Patent Claims)

Handling intellectual property involves the cognitive process of understanding the innovation described in the body of patent claims. In this paper we present an on-going project on a multi-level text simplification to assist experts in this complex task. Two levels of simplification procedure are described. The macro-level simplification results in the visualization of the hierarchy of multiple claims. The micro-level simplification includes visualization of the claim terminology, decomposition of the claim complex structure into a set of simple sentences and building a graph explicitly showing the interrelations of the invention elements. The methodology is implemented in an experimental text simplifying computer system. The motivation underlying this research is to develop tools that could increase the overall productivity of human users and machines in processing patent applications.
Fatal truck-bicycle accident involving dragging for 45 km

Vehicle-bicycle accidents with subsequent dragging of the rider over long distances are extremely rare. The case reported here is that of a 16-year-old mentally retarded bike rider who was run over by a truck whose driver failed to notice the accident. The legs of the victim became trapped by the rear axle of the trailer and the body was dragged over 45 km before being discovered under the parked truck. The autopsy revealed that the boy had died from the initial impact and not from the dragging injuries which had caused extensive mutilation. The reports of the technical expert and the forensic pathologist led the prosecutor to drop the case against the truck driver for manslaughter.
iKneeBraces: knee adduction moment evaluation measured by motion sensors in gait detection

We propose light-weight wearable devices, iKneeBraces, to prevent knee osteoarthritis (OA) using knee adduction moment (KAM) evaluation. iKneeBrace consists of two inertial measurement units (IMUs) to measure shin and thigh angles. KAM is estimated by ground force reaction (GRF), knee position and center of pressure position. Instead of heavy and bulky 3DoF force plates conventionally used, we propose to build a 2D input regression model using shin and thigh angles from iKneeBrace as input to infer GRF direction and further estimate KAM. We perform an experiment to evaluate the method. The results show that iKneeBrace can infer KAM similar to the ground truth in the first peak, the most important part to prevent knee OA. Furthermore, the proposed method can infer KAM in all parts if better IMUs used in iKneeBrace in the future. The proposed method not only makes KAM evaluation portable but also requires only light-weight devices.
Child trafficking and the European migration crisis: The role of forensic practitioners.

Trafficking in children is one of the worst forms of human rights violation and is categorised as a serious crime. Children at high risk of becoming victims of trafficking are runaways, children with a history of abuse, and migrant children. Internationally, cases of child trafficking are increasing the most in Europe, which is likely the result of the current migration crisis. In crises, preventing and combating human trafficking needs to be prioritized, considering that the aims of humanitarian action include saving lives, easing suffering and preserving human dignity. The involvement of forensic practitioners in investigations of cases of child trafficking mainly concerning the identification of victims may save lives and certainly alleviate suffering of the child victims and their families searching for them. Moreover, by aiding the prosecution process through thorough documentation and expert reporting forensic practitioners may contribute to the protection, rehabilitation and possibly compensation of the child victims, and thus to the restoration of their rights and dignity. So far, forensic practitioners were rarely specifically mentioned as actors in the counter-trafficking efforts in the multitude of policies, regulations, guidelines and recommendations concerning different aspects of child trafficking. This seems surprising considering that the expertise and experience of practitioners from forensic sciences including cyber forensics, document analysis, forensic biology, anthropology, and medicine can be utilised for gathering intelligence in cases of suspected human trafficking, for identifying the victims as well as perpetrators, and for securing evidence for legal proceedings as this paper shows. While this article mainly discusses the role of forensic pathologists and anthropologists, with a specific focus on the identification of child victims of trafficking in the context of the European migration crisis, the notions regarding the contribution of forensic sciences to the counter-trafficking efforts can be adapted to other geographical and sociopolitical contexts.
Monocephalus diprosopus, a rare form of conjoined twins, and associated congenital anomalies.

Craniofacial duplication (diprosopus) is a rare form of conjoined twins. A case of monocephalus diprosopus with anencephaly, cervicothoracolumbar rachischisis, and duplication of the respiratory tract and upper gastrointestinal tract is reported. The cardiovascular system remained single but the heart showed transposition of the great vessels. We present this case due to its rarity, and compare our pathologic findings with those already reported.