nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Superparticles in D > 11 Revisited

A model for n superparticles in (d − n, n) dimensions is proposed. In addition to target space supersymmetry that involves a product of n momentum generators, the action also has n(n + 1)/2 local bosonic symmetries and n local fermionic symmetries. The precise relation between this model and related ones in the literature is explained. We also present a new model for superparticles in arbitrary dimensions where coordinates are associated with all the p-form charges occuring in the superalgebra. The model naturally gives rise to the BPS condition for the charges.
Arendt on Positive Freedom

Hannah Arendt’s concept of freedom is exceptional in contemporary political theory. First, it is positive, which puts it into opposition to the both current versions of its negative counterpart, the liberal (Isaiah Berlin), and the republican (Quentin Skinner, Philip Pettit) concepts of freedom. In particular, a comparison between Arendt’s and Pettit’s approaches allows establishing some striking points of antagonistic logical mirroring. Based on this, the notion of “schools of thought” is introduced, which plays an essential role in the subsequent discussion of Arendtian realism. Second, although Arendt’s theory of freedom shares features that are common to the major continental thinkers, like Martin Heidegger, Gilles Deleuze, or Alain Badiou, her solution to the problem of freedom aligns her closer to the liberals. Third, I argue that one should consider this logical irregularity as evidence in favor of her political realism, rather than a trivial inconsistency. This realism is the genuinely exceptional part of her legacy, which may guide us eventually, with modifications applied, to a paradigm shift in the current political philosophy. Finally, I present an evaluation of her solution to the problem of freedom, and a brief follow-up to some seemingly-out-of-place Arendtian notions, such as “excellence” and “elite.” Although in the final analysis, her solution seems to be artificial, it opens up a new promising area of research related to the notion of “benevolent excellence.”
Limitations on the portability of real time Ada programs

This paper describes areas of the Ada language where transportability is restricted by the fact that implementation choices are allowed. Transportability guidelines have been developed previously for Ada [2,3,10], but have taken the approach that only features of the language which are guaranteed to be supported by all implementations should be used. The “common intersection” approach rules out use of many features that were included in Ada because they are required for real-time applications. This paper addresses the transportability of real-time Ada programs from a realistic point of view. Specifically, time-critical applications are of little use being transportable if they execute too slowly on all available implementations; and reasonable people will not wish to transport an application to architectures and/or compilation systems that do not support the requirements of the application.
A practical approach to managing these difficulties is presented as a set of transportability guidelines. These guidelines are intended to improve the transportability of programs which must rely on language features that are implementation dependent.
[Severe liver damage in acute circulatory failure. A clinical study of 40 cases].

急性循環不全に伴う肝障害,いわゆるショック肝のうち心不全,急性心筋梗塞に伴うもの40例について臨床的検討を行った.ショック肝の臨床所見として中心静脈圧上昇(58.5%),血圧低下(46%),アシドーシス(46%),低酸素血症(39%)など種々の循環不全の症状に伴い出現した. GOT,プロトロンビン時間は発症早期に最も悪化し,後者は予後に関連した.右心不全を伴う例では総ビリルビン値の上昇がみられ,経過の遷延によりさらに上昇した.心エコー図による基礎心疾患の評価はLVDd: 61.5±4.1mm, LVDs: 52.7±4.5mm,駆出率: 32.6±4.6%と心腔は著明に拡張し,重症心不全を有する症例が多かった.1カ月以内の死亡は68.3%と極めて予後不良であった.
Why Do Real Estate Agents Buy Houses at Lower Prices? Cherry Picking or Bargaining Power

Real estate agents play an important intermediary role in housing markets. We use a merged transaction dataset that identifies houses purchased by registered real estate agents (salespersons) and other buyers in Singapore to empirically test the hypothesis that real estate agents use information advantages to buy houses at bargained prices. We estimate that agents bought their own houses at prices that are 2% lower than comparable houses bought by other buyers. Discounts for houses bought by agents for their own use have diminished after the new regulatory regime has been introduced in 2010. We compare agents’ transactions that involve two different groups of sellers. The first group includes weak sellers, who are individuals facing time pressure to sell their current houses before moving into new houses, and distressed sellers affected by lawsuits, and the second group includes strong sellers, such as investors who sell houses for positive investment returns. We find no evidence that agents use information advantages to “cherry pick” weak sellers in housing transactions. However, our results support the bargaining power hypothesis that agents use information advantages to obtain lower prices when buying their own houses from individuals and distressed sellers.
Sport and Society

Sport is a very prominent social institution in almost every society because it combines the characteristics found in any institution with a unique appeal only duplicated by, perhaps, religion. The functional, conflict, and cultural studies perspectives are reviewed, with additional discussion on how sport relates to the processes of socialization and social change. The latter focusses on the evolution of sport from a playful, participation-oriented activity to one that resembles a corporate form guided by the principles of commercialism and entertainment. The role of sport in international relations and national development dramatizes the political meaning of sport to many societies. While sport may be integrative at the higher political levels, it has not been so at the interpersonal levels of gender and race. The inequality that characterizes society's relations of gender and race is found in sport as well. The sociology of sport will be able to shed more light on all of these issues when theory informs more of the research in this subfield.
Microstructural Evolution Model of the Sintering Behaviour and Magnetic Properties of NiZn Ferrite Nanoparticles

The sintering of RF plasma synthesized NiZn ferrite nanoparticles was studied. The as-synthesized nanoparticles have been modeled as having a core-shell structure with richer Zn concentration on the surface. Most Zn cations occupy tetrahedral sites typical of zinc ferrites, while some of the Zn cations occupy tetrahedral sites in a (111) oriented surface layer in the form of ZnO. Ni and Fe cations show no evidence of such disorder and their positions are consistent with the bulk spinel structure. This core-shell structure evolves by decomposition of the as-synthesized nanoparticles into Ni-and Zn-rich ferrites followed by the decomposition of the Zn-rich ferrites into ZnO and -Fe2O3 during sintering of the nanoparticles. Within the core region, sintering causes Ni to exit the ferrite structure and be reduced to a metallic form, possibly via a NiO intermediate. The miscibility gap in the pseudo-binary ZnFe2O4/NiFe2O4 system was modeled using equilibrium solution data. Decomposition rates are interpreted considering inter-diffusion kinetics. Sintered nanoparticle compacts showed an evolution of a 4- phase mixture of ferrite + ZnO + -Fe2O3 + Ni with increasing sintering temperature. The average ferrite nanoparticle size is preserved up to very high sintering temperatures. These observations suggest that the ZnO shell contributes to the sintering process by surface diffusion while acting as a barrier to the growth of the ferrite core. Metal edge EXAFS patterns of the sintered compacts confirm that Fe transforms from a single ferrite phase into a mixture of -Fe2O3 and ferrite; ZnO content progressively increases with sintering temperature and elemental Ni evolves from the ferrite with increasing sintering temperature. The saturation magnetization and Curie temperature were observed to decrease as a function of sintering temperature, with an anomaly at the temperature where Ni starts to form. This is explained by Zn diffusing from the core depleting the ferrite and increasing the amount of non-magnetic ZnO in the shell. AC magnetic measurements also vary systematically with the microstructural evolution.
From hot atom chemistry to epithermal chemistry

The rise and fall of hot atom chemistry (HAC) over the years from 1934 to 2004 is reviewed. Several applications are discussed, in particular to astrophysics and the interaction of energetic ions and atoms in space. Epithermal chemistry (ETC) is proposed to substitute the old name, since it better fits the energy range as well as the non-thermal and non-equilibrium character of the reactions. ETC also avoids the strong connexion of HAC to nuclear chemistry and stands for the opening of the field to physical chemistry and astrophysics.
Human Evolutionary Genetics: Origins, Peoples & Disease

Study Human Evolutionary Genetics? Section 2: How do we study Genome Diversity? 2. Structure, Function and Inheritance of the Human Genome 3. The Diversity of the Human Genome 4. Discovering and Assaying Genome Diversity  How do we Interpret Genetic Variation? 5. Processes Shaping Diversity 6. Making Inferences from Diversity Section 4: Where and When did Humans Originate? 7. Human Apes 8. Origins of Modern Humans Section 5: How did Humans Colonize the World? 9. The Distribution of Diversity - Out of Africa and into Asia, Australia and Europe 10. Agricultural Expansions 11. Into New Found  What Happens When Populations Meet? Section 6: What use is an Evolutionary Perspective? 13. Understanding the Past and Future of Phenotypic Variation 14. Health Implications of Our Evolutionary Heritage 15. Identity and Identification
Supporting Children's Mental Health in Schools: Teacher Perceptions of Needs, Roles, and Barriers

There is a significant research to practice gap in the area of mental health practices and interventions in schools. Understanding the teacher perspective can provide important information about contextual influences that can be used to bridge the research to practice gap in school-based mental health practices. The purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ perceptions of current mental health needs in their schools; their knowledge, skills, training experiences and training needs; their roles for supporting children’s mental health; and barriers to supporting mental health needs in their school settings. Participants included 292 teachers from 5 school districts. Teachers reported viewing school psychologists as having a primary role in most aspects of mental health service delivery in the school including conducting screening and behavioral assessments, monitoring student progress, and referring children to school-based or community services. Teachers perceived themselves as having primary responsibility for implementing classroom-based behavioral interventions but believed school psychologists had a greater role in teaching social emotional lessons. Teachers also reported a global lack of experience and training for supporting children’s mental health needs. Implications of the findings are discussed.
George Lawson's Politica and the English Revolution

Preface Texts used and a concordance for the 'Politica' List of abbreviations Part I. Historiographical and Biographical Preliminaries: 1. Historiography 2. Biography Part II. An Exposition of Lawson's Politica: 3. God and human society 4. Community and political power 5. The keys 6. The limits of subjection Part III. An Examination of the Politica: 7. Providence and rhetoric 8. Community, representation and consent 9. Settlement and resistance 10. From Civil War to settlement Part IV. The Fate of the Politica from the Settlement to the Glorious Revolution: 11. Lawson and Baxter 12. Lawson and Hunfrey 13. The Politica and the allegiance controversy 14.  15. Between Hobbes and Locke 16. Theory and historiography Index.
BEYOND CULTURE VERSUS POLITICS: A Case Study of a Local Women's Movement

This article goes beyond the debate over whether culture competes with politics in the women's movement to explore the complex relationship between cultural and political action. A case study of the local women's movement in Bloomington, Indiana, provides little evidence that cultural feminism led to a decline in political activity in the women's movement. Rather, the attractiveness of cultural and political activities changes with shifts in political opportunities. During periods of opportunity or threat that stimulate extensive action, activists are energized for both cultural and political projects. During “slow” periods when there are few opportunities to make political gains, cultural projects are particularly attractive to feminists and may compete with political activities. However, cultural activities also help to maintain a feminist collective identity and provide networks to political groups. Ongoing political action is provoked by countermovement actions and other critical events and supported ...
Effects of Si phase refinement on the plasma electrolytic oxidation of eutectic Al-Si alloy

The plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process of high-silicon aluminum alloys is hard to be started and the properties of the PEO coating is also not satisfactory, which is caused by the existence of coarse eutectic or primary silicon (Si) phase in the substrate. In this study, the Si phase in the eutectic Al-Si alloy was firstly controlled to a much smaller size by 0.1 wt % strontium (Sr) modification treatment. Subsequently, PEO was carried out on the Sr-modified Al-Si alloy. It was shown that as the eutectic Si phase in the substrate getting much smaller and more homogeneous, PEO was much easier to be started. The PEO coating was thicker and more uniform at the initial discharge stage compared with that on the un-modified eutectic Al-Si alloy. The influence of Si refinement was less pronounced after certain time of spark discharge oxidation. After 30 min treatment, the PEO coating was composed of γ-Al 2 O 3 , α-Al 2 O 3 , mullite and some amorphous phase. The PEO coating on Sr-modified Al-Si alloy showed a more compacted structure and better anticorrosion property compared with that on the un-modified eutectic Al-Si alloy.
Questioning the Curriculum: Arts, Education and Ideology.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses arts, education, and ideology. The liberal view of education sees education as an independent and neutral system, dispensing knowledge, and operating to redress inequalities and offer the possibility of social mobility. The rise of the present system of education is taken as a part of the extension of civilization and the democratization of culture from elite to the whole population. A close look at the social history of schooling; however, reminds that institutions, including educational ones, do not develop in a vacuum and that the origins of the existing educational system lie in the particular social and economic conditions of the 19th century. The origins of the present educational system, then, lie in the particular social and economic features of that period that saw the birth of contemporary education. Similarly, developments in educational theory and practice in the present century have been closely related to the needs of the economy and the social and ideological concerns of policy-makers and educationalists.
STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH'S CRUST BY GEOPHYSICAL DATA (STROENIE ZEMNOI KORY PO GEOFIZICHESKIM DANNYM),

The goal of the present work is the finding of general regularities of the crustal structure by means of comparisons of seismic data with gravity anomalies and contour intervals. The comparison of the gravimetric and seismic data was performed by two methods; graphic method and by the analysis of velocity columns of the earth's crust. There is a chapter in this work devoted to these two methods. Seismic investigations of the crustal structure in sea and ocean regions were carried out by the methods of refracted and reflected waves. Only the general features of these investigations is taken into consideration. The earth's crust is subdivided into continental and oceanic. A chapter is devoted to the study of the structural differences. All the results obtained during this investigation are the summary of the first and most general phase of works for the study of the abyssal crustal structure and the connection of deepseated and surface structures. In further study of this problem, it will be important to include a more detailed comparison of geophysical data with tectonic data and their multiple interpretation in order to find out necessary conditions of the crustal structural development.
The impact of unions on municipal elections and urban fiscal policies

The efficient decentralized provision of public goods requires that special interest groups, such as municipal unions, do not exercise undue influence on the outcome of municipal elections and local fiscal policies. We develop a new political economy model in which a union can endorse one of the candidates in a local election. A politician that prefers an inefficiently large public sector can, therefore, win an election if the union can provide sufficiently strong support during the campaign. We have assembled a unique data set that is based on union endorsements that are published in leading local newspapers. Our empirical analysis focuses on municipal elections in the 150 largest cities in the U.S. between 1990 and 2012. We find that challengers strongly benefit from endorsements in competitive elections. Challengers that receive union endorsements and successfully defeat an incumbent also tend to adopt more union friendly fiscal policies.
Принципы и условия исправительно-коррекционной работы с осужденными преступниками

The work is devoted to the general psychological and psychopedagogical aspects of the moral and spiritual welfare of convicted criminals and their rehabilitation; to the methods of its psychological examination; to the principles and conditions of its shaping in the places of confinement. The experimental results reason the effectiveness of the correctional program which includes: 1 the system of terms on a reform of the functional formations of both the material and spiritual values of convicts; 2the actualization and formation of mechanisms of the positive moral and spiritual aiming and gaining; and also 3the system of conditions under which a convicted person would exercise and execute sound behavioural moral and spiritual stereotypes.
Influence of pH on the speciation of copper(II) in reactions with the green tea polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate and gallic acid

Changes in speciation of copper(II) in reactions with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA) as a function of pH have been investigated by multifrequency (X- and S-band) EPR spectroscopy in the fluid and frozen states. The EPR spectra show the formation of three distinct mononuclear species with each of the polyphenols, and these are interpreted in terms of one mono- and two bis-complexes. However, di- or polymeric complexes dominate the Cu(II) speciation in the pH range 4-8, and it is only at alkaline pH values that these mononuclear complexes make appreciable contributions to the metal speciation. Each mononuclear complex displays linewidth anisotropy in fluid solution as a consequence of incomplete averaging of the spin Hamiltonian parameters through molecular motion. Rotational correlation times for the individual complexes have been estimated by analysing the lineshape anisotropy of the fluid solution spectra using parameters determined by simulation of the rigid limit spectra. These show that the molecular masses increase with increasing pH, indicating either coordination of increasing numbers of polyphenol molecules as ligands to the copper or the increasing involvement of polyphenol dimers as ligands in the copper coordination sphere.
Endosymbiotic origins of sex.

Understanding how complex sexual reproduction arose, and why sexual organisms have been more successful than otherwise similar asexual organisms, is a longstanding problem in evolutionary biology. Within this problem, the potential role of endosymbionts or intracellular pathogens in mediating primitive genetic transfers is a continuing theme. In recent years, several remarkable activities of mitochondria have been observed in the germline cells of complex eukaryotes, and it has been found that bacterial endosymbionts related to mitochondria are capable of manipulating diverse aspects of metazoan gametogenesis. An attempt is made here to rationalize these observations with an endosymbiotic model for the evolutionary origins of sex. It is hypothesized that the contemporary life cycle of germline cells has descended from the life cycle of the endosymbiotic ancestor of the mitochondrion. Through an actin-based motility that drove it from one cell to another, the rickettsial ancestor of mitochondria may have functioned as a primitive transducing particle, the evolutionary progenitor of sperm.
Legal issues in knowledge-based software engineering

KBSE systems are maturing into viable software development environments. As KBSE systems are deployed into real-world use, legal issues of intellectual property rights and liability will play an increasing role in shaping the industry. The paper develops a conceptual framework for the legal issues affecting intellectual property rights and liability of KBSE systems. The epistemological status of KBSE might lead to a breakdown in current interpretations of property rights for ideas implemented in software. Furthermore, KBSE artifacts might themselves become agents of invention, leading to further dilemmas of ownership. In contrast, KBSE could lead to less uncertainty in liability associated with software engineering. This would occur by formalizing the artifacts, interfaces, and processes of the software life cycle.
Fast computation of the $N$th term of an algebraic series in positive characteristic

We address the question of computing one selected term of an algebraic power series. In characteristic zero, the best known algorithm for computing the Nth coefficient of an algebraic series uses differential equations and has arithmetic complexity quasi-linear in √ N . We show that in positive characteristic p, the complexity can be lowered to O(logN). The mathematical basis of this dramatic improvement is a classical theorem stating that a formal power series with coefficients in a finite field is algebraic if and only if the sequence of its coefficients can be generated by an automaton. We revisit and enhance two constructive proofs of this result. The first proof uses Mahler equations; their size appear to be prohibitively large. The second proof relies on diagonals of rational functions; we turn it into an efficient algorithm, of complexity linear in logN and quasi-linear in p.
Chemical activation through super energy transfer collisions.

Can a molecule be efficiently activated with a large amount of energy in a single collision with a fast atom? If so, this type of collision will greatly affect molecular reactivity and equilibrium in systems where abundant hot atoms exist. Conventional expectation of molecular energy transfer (ET) is that the probability decreases exponentially with the amount of energy transferred, hence the probability of what we label "super energy transfer" is negligible. We show, however, that in collisions between an atom and a molecule for which chemical reactions may occur, such as those between a translationally hot H atom and an ambient acetylene (HCCH) or sulfur dioxide, ET of chemically significant amounts of energy commences with surprisingly high efficiency through chemical complex formation. Time-resolved infrared emission observations are supported by quasi-classical trajectory calculations on a global ab initio potential energy surface. Results show that ∼10% of collisions between H atoms moving with ∼60 kcal/mol energy and HCCH result in transfer of up to 70% of this energy to activate internal degrees of freedom.