nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Principle for Incorporating Axioms into the First-Order Translation of Modal Formulae

In this paper we present a translation principle, called the axiomatic translation, for reducing propositional modal logics with background theories, including triangular properties such as transitivity, Euclideanness and functionality, to decidable logics. The goal of the axiomatic translation principle is to find simplified theories, which capture the inference problems in the original theory, but in a way that is more amenable to automation and easier to deal with by existing theorem provers. The principle of the axiomatic translation is conceptually very simple and can be largely automated. Soundness is automatic under reasonable assumptions, and termination of ordered resolution is easily achieved, but the non-trivial part of the approach is proving completeness.
El Cimarrón by Hans Werner Henze – A New Approach to Political Song

During the years prior to World War II, a number of composers in Germany were creating music of political content that addressed social issues. By writing El Cimarron (1970), Hans Werner Henze made a unique contribution to the tradition of political committed music in Germany. Henze was able to go beyond the achievements of his predecessors by giving a documentary character to the work and integrating the results of his own experiments into the composition. This paper discusses the characteristic features of El Cimarron and Henze’s approach to composing this work.
Development of an optical character recognition pipeline for handwritten form fields from an electronic health record

Although the penetration of electronic health records is increasing rapidly, much of the historical medical record is only available in handwritten notes and forms, which require labor-intensive, human chart abstraction for some clinical research. The few previous studies on automated extraction of data from these handwritten notes have focused on monolithic, custom-developed recognition systems or third-party systems that require proprietary forms.



We present an optical character recognition processing pipeline, which leverages the capabilities of existing third-party optical character recognition engines, and provides the flexibility offered by a modular custom-developed system. The system was configured and run on a selected set of form fields extracted from a corpus of handwritten ophthalmology forms.



The processing pipeline allowed multiple configurations to be run, with the optimal configuration consisting of the Nuance and LEADTOOLS engines running in parallel with a positive predictive value of 94.6% and a sensitivity of 13.5%.



While limitations exist, preliminary experience from this project yielded insights on the generalizability and applicability of integrating multiple, inexpensive general-purpose third-party optical character recognition engines in a modular pipeline.
Being-towards-the-text (Gadamer and Derrida in misunderstanding)

This paper deals with Gadamer-Derrida encounter during the “Hermeneutics and 
 Deconstruction” conference (1981). Taking into account the scale of mutual 
 misunderstanding expressed on that occasion, many commentators suggested that 
 it was an improbable debate, or even the non-dialogue. But, beneath the 
 disappointing surface, Gadamer-Derrida encounter revealed complexity of 
 relations between hermeneutics and deconstruction, which involve the great 
 range of exceptional topics, influencing the main streams of twentieth 
 century philosophy. In the first part I am analyzing philosophical and 
 institutional framework of their encounter, then I am examining Gadamer’s 
 conference paper, while the last part is concerned with debate itself.
Turning Cluster Management into Data Management; A System Overview

This paper introduces the CondorJ2 cluster management system. Traditionally, cluster management systems such as Condor employ a process-oriented approach with little or no use of modern database system technology. In contrast, CondorJ2 employs a data-centric, 3-tier web-application architecture for all system functions (e.g., job submission, monitoring and scheduling; node configuration, monitoring and management, etc.) except for job execution. Employing a data-oriented approach allows the core challenge (i.e., managing and coordinating a large set of distributed computing resources) to be transformed from a relatively low-level systems problem into a more abstract, higher-level data management problem. Preliminary results suggest that CondorJ2's use of standard 3-tier software represents a significant step forward to the design and implementation of large clusters (1,000 to 10,000 nodes).
LE MAGMATISME DU CHAMP DU FEU (VOSGES SEPTENTRIONALES). Caractérisation et signification géodynamique

The late Devonian to early Carboniferous Champ du Feu Massif (Northern
 Vosges) exhibits a suite of plutonic rocks whose compositions range from gabbro-diorite to
 granite. The relationships between acid and basic rocks, show strong evidences of simultaneous
 emplacement of the two magmas without mixing. Geochemical features are typically calcalkaline.
 These characteristics, associated with those of the orogenic volcanism of the Bruche
 and Rabodeau massifs, suggest the genesis of the magmas to be related to the southward
 subduction of the Rheno-Hercynian ocean. A post-collisional setting is however not to be
 excluded. These two possibilities are discussed in the light of chronological and paleomagnetic
 data.
Thermoremanence in red sandstone clasts and emplacement temperature of a quaternary pyroclastic deposit (Catalan Volcanic Zone, ne Spain)

SummaryThe application of the progressive thermal demagnetization procedure of volcanic rock debris has been frequently used to determine the emplacement temperatures of pyroclastic deposits and thus to characterize the nature of these volcanic deposits. This debris consists of a mixture of juvenile fragments derived from the explosive fragmentation of erupting magma and an assortment of lithic clasts derived mainly from the walls of a volcanic conduit, as well as from the ground. The temperature at which the clasts were deposited can be estimated by analyzing its remanent magnetization. To do this, oriented samples of clasts are subjected to progressive thermal demagnetization and the directions of the resulting remanent vectors provide the necessary information. Clasts of basalt, andesite, limestone, pumice and homebricks have previously been used to estimate the emplacement temperatures of pyroclastic deposits. According to our data, clasts of red sandstones also seem to be good carriers of thermoremanent magnetization. We have carried out a paleomagnetic study on a Quaternary, lithic-rich, massive, pyroclastic deposit from the Puig d'Adri volcano (Catalan Volcanic Zone), which contains a large number of red sandstone clasts. It is concluded that the studied deposit cannot be considered as a lahar or as a pyroclastic surge deposit, considering both the emplacement temperature and the morphological features.
Almost Optimal Bounds for Direct Product Threshold Theorem

We consider weakly-verifiable puzzles which are challenge-response puzzles such that the responder may not be able to verify for itself whether it answered the challenge correctly. We consider k-wise direct product of such puzzles, where now the responder has to solve k puzzles chosen independently in parallel. Canetti et al have earlier shown that such direct product puzzles have a hardness which rises exponentially with k. In the threshold case addressed in Impagliazzo et al, the responder is required to answer correctly a fraction of challenges above a threshold. The bound on hardness of this threshold parallel version was shown to be similar to Chernoff bound, but the constants in the exponent are rather weak. Namely, Impagliazzo et al show that for a puzzle for which probability of failure is δ, the probability of failing on less than (1−γ)δk out of k puzzles, for any parallel strategy, is at most $e^{-\gamma^2\delta k/40}$. 
 
In this paper, we develop new techniques to bound this probability, and show that it is arbitrarily close to Chernoff bound. To be precise, the bound is $e^{-\gamma^2(1-\gamma) \delta k/2}$. We show that given any responder that solves k parallel puzzles with a good threshold, there is a uniformized parallel solver who has the same threshold of solving k parallel puzzles, while being oblivious to the permutation of the puzzles. This enhances the analysis considerably, and may be of independent interest.
The Demand for Energy-Using Assets among the World's Rising Middle Classes

We study household decisions to acquire energy-using assets in the presence of rising incomes. We develop a theoretical framework to characterize the effect of income growth on asset purchases when consumers face credit constraints. We use large and plausibly exogenous shocks to household income generated by the conditional-cash-transfer program in Mexico, Oportunidades, to show that asset acquisition is nonlinear, depends, as predicted in the presence of credit constraints, on the pace of income growth, and both effects are economically large among beneficiaries. Our results may help explain important worldwide trends in the relationship between energy use and income growth.
Security deciding in publishing views based on entropy

Publishing views have been a convenient tool for data exchange. But as the increasing of data exchange technology, the security in publishing views has been paid more attention to. Inspired by the knowledge of probabilistic database, this paper erects a probability model of security deciding in publishing views, and it gives the formularized definition of publishing views, private information, prior knowledge and so on. Then a new deciding theorem based on entropy is provided, and introduce techniques for measuring the magnitude of information disclosures in publishing view. At last it is proved by the experiment.
Allegories of Temporal Experience: The Late Work of Frederic Leighton

The late paintings of Victorian artist Frederic Leighton generally embody an abstract idea or concept instead of a specific story or moral. Many of these images express humanity’s experience of the passage of time as it relates to life, death, and rebirth. Leighton’s paintings The Garden of the Hesperides (c. 1892), Lachrymae (c. 1894-95), and Flaming June (1895) represent allegories of timelessness, death, and regeneration, respectively.  Frederic Leighton, Victorian painting, Allegory, Garden of the Hesperides, Lachrymae, Flaming June ALLEGORIES OF TEMPORAL EXPERIENCE: THE LATE WORK OF FREDERIC LEIGHTON
How Turkish Banks Benefit From Social Media: Analyzing Banks Formal Links

Companies have to catch the best points that make them survive in this hard competitive market. For that reason they try to reach their customers in every way with a single and certain message. With this strategy a company carefully integrates and coordinates its many communication channels to deliver clear, consistent, and compelling message about the organization and its brands (1). Therefore companies need to monitor the new communication tools and try to create more loyal customers by using social media effectively. This study's aim is to demonstrate the policies of Turkish banks about using this alternative channel, social media tools. A content analysis is done to show the profile of Turkish banks and whether they use social media tools to reach and affect their customers. The results showed that, nearly forty percent of Turkish Bank use Facebook and twitter more than other tools.
Annotated reasoning

The application of deduction in various domains resulted in a variety of different techniques to guide the proof search. Many of these techniques incorporate additional knowledge to restrict or select possible proof steps. As a consequence, usually the underlying calculus has to be modified to keep track of this information during the proof search. In this paper we present a general framework for maintaining additional strategic knowledge within a proof. We introduce a formal notion of annotations attached to the constituents of formulas and illustrate how a generic method of inheriting these annotations can be instantiated for various purposes.
Design on the framework of management information system for enterprises based on e-commerce

The blocking of commercial information, the complexity of deal, the high cost as well as the high risk are the barriers in front of our Chinese enterprise when doing e-commerce nowadays. The theme of the article is to clear the barriers based on the detailed and systematic analysis of the enterprise e-commercial system. I will start from the analysis of system demand with the usage of rational union process(RUP) of software development, and based on the technique platform of J2EE, I will complete the design of the system and eventually work out a cross regional and cross platform e-commerce system for the enterprise comprise three branch system — information display, back-stage management, commerce center. In this way, we can make the trade process as the information publish, trade negotiation, contract talk, conclude of contract, as well as the trace of contract be done promptly so as to fulfill the enterprise' development requirement on e-commerce.
Active Multi-Field Learning for Spam Filtering

Ubiquitous spam messages cause a serious waste of time and resources. This paper addresses the practical spam filtering problem, and proposes a universal approach to fight with various spam messages. The proposed active multi-field learning approach is based on: 1) It is cost-sensitive to obtain a label for a real-world spam filter, which suggests an active learning idea; and 2) Different messages often have a similar multi-field text structure, which suggests a multi-field learning idea. The multi-field learning framework combines multiple results predicted from field classifiers by a novel compound weight, and each field classifier calculates the arithmetical average of multiple conditional probabilities predicted from feature strings according to a data structure of string-frequency index. Comparing the current variance of field classifying results with the historical variance, the active learner evaluates the classifying confidence and regards the more uncertain message as the more informative sample for which to request a label. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve the state-of-the-art performance at greatly reduced label requirements both in email spam filtering and short text spam filtering. Our active multi-field learning performance, the standard (1-ROCA) % measurement, even exceeds the full feedback performance of some advanced individual classifying algorithm.
General geology and petrology of some Precambrian crystalline rocks from the Vijayan Complex of Sri Lanka

Detailed field studies of the Precambrian Vijayan Complex terrain, Sri Lanka, reveal the occurrence of granites, gneisses and migmatites in association with calc-silicate gneisses, quartzites and dolerites. Microcline-rich granites and gneisses show both sharp and gradational contacts with the adjacent migmatites. Petrological observations favor a magmatic origin for the granites and gneisses. These bodies seem to have intruded into pre-existing metasedimentary rocks which were subsequently subjected to retrograde metamorphism under amphibolite facies conditions.
Unsatisfiable Formulae of Gödel Logic with Truth Constants and \varDelta Are Recursively Enumerable

This paper brings a solution to the open problem of recursive enumerability of unsatisfiable formulae in the first-order Godel logic. The answer is affirmative even for a useful expansion by intermediate truth constants and the projection operator Open image in new window . The affirmative result for unsatisfiable prenex formulae of \(G_\infty ^\varDelta \) has been stated in . In , we have generalised the well-known hyperresolution principle to the first-order Godel logic for the general case. We now propose a modification of the hyperresolution calculus suitable for automated deduction with explicit partial truth.
Cohomology in Grothendieck Topologies and Lower Bounds in Boolean Complexity

This paper is motivated by questions such as P vs. NP and other questions in Boolean complexity theory. We describe an approach to attacking such questions with cohomology, and we show that using Grothendieck topologies and other ideas from the Grothendieck school gives new hope for such an attack. 
We focus on circuit depth complexity, and consider only finite topological spaces or Grothendieck topologies based on finite categories; as such, we do not use algebraic geometry or manifolds. 
Given two sheaves on a Grothendieck topology, their "cohomological complexity" is the sum of the dimensions of their Ext groups. We seek to model the depth complexity of Boolean functions by the cohomological complexity of sheaves on a Grothendieck topology. We propose that the logical AND of two Boolean functions will have its corresponding cohomological complexity bounded in terms of those of the two functions using ``virtual zero extensions.'' We propose that the logical negation of a function will have its corresponding cohomological complexity equal to that of the original function using duality theory. We explain these approaches and show that they are stable under pullbacks and base change. It is the subject of ongoing work to achieve AND and negation bounds simultaneously in a way that yields an interesting depth lower bound.
Housing and neighborhoods : theoretical and empirical contributions

Foreword by Elizabeth Huttman Introduction by Willem van Vliet-- Part I: Theoretical and Conceptual Perspectives Congruence: The Evolution of a Contextual Concept by William Michelson Prospects for Realizing Congruent Housing Environments by Raymod G. Studer Residential Satisfaction: Its Uses and Limitations in Housing Research by Guido Francescato, Sue Weidemann, and James R. Anderson Part II: Revitalization in the Inner City The Multiformity of neighborhood Revitalization in the Netherlands by E.C.M. Machielse Changing Patterns in Inner City Housing: A Canadian Example by Trudi E. Bunting Ethnic Minorities, Scarce Housing Resources, and Urban Renewal in Britainby Taner Oc Participation by Ethnic Minorities in Urban Renewal in the Netherlands by Karen Wuertz and To van der Pennen Part III: Suburbs and Planned Communities Suburbanization, Privatization, and Juvenile Delinquency: Some Possible Relationships by David Popenoe Diversity  A Cast Study of Reston, Virginia, at Age 20 by Sylvia F. Fava Part IV: Aspects of Planning and Design Shared Spaces, Small Spaces, and Spaces That Change: Examples of Housing Innovation in the United States by Karen A. Franck Planning with Scarce Resources: The Miniaturizatio of an Urban Neighborhood by Joan C. Simon and Gerda R. Wekerle High-Rise Estates and the Concentration of Poverty by Eva van Kempen Part V: Aspects of Management and Ownership Public Housing Communes: A Swedish Response to Postmaterial Demand by Alison E. Woodward Coping with Condominiums in the Netherlands by Jan van Weesup Peacetime Municipal Rent Control Lawsin the United States: Local Design Issues and Ideological Policy Debates byKenneth K. Baar Part VI: Special Population Groups Restricted Housing Markets for Female-Headed Housholds in U.S. Metropolitan Areas by Rebecca L. Smith and C. Lee Thomson The Elderly in Central Tel Aviv by Yona Ginsburg Indexes
System for protecting software and method for verifying software

To disable unauthorized use of software without inconveniencing the developer or user of the software.  An enciphering program related with this system converts all existing programs into new programs called software with protection. The software with protection is a program including the original software in an encoded configuration, and the large part of redundancy is removed by compression so that the removal of the protect can be made difficult, and the size of the software with protection can be reduced. A user dials a certain telephone number, and obtains a number used for decoding an enciphered computer program by the software with protection in order to use the software. This telephone number is used for a service fee payment speech so that the action of the speech can guarantee that the user pays fees related with the usage of the software.
Reconfigurable manufacturing systems: meeting the challenges of a dynamic business paradigm

In this introductory note, we describe the motivation behind this Special Issue of reconfigurable manufacturing systems. We begin by noting the potential opportunities offered by configuration (reconfiguration) of a system in enhancing its functionalities and capabilities. After defining the nature of configuration, we briefly describe reconfigurability in systems and potential tools and techniques utilised for reconfiguration. We close out with a brief review of the papers in this issue and their relevance to the interests of decision-makers.
Optical characterization of fullerene films on flat and patterned semiconductor substrates

Comprehensive optical characterization of C 60 films on semiconductor substrates has been performed by means of ellipsometry, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The films have been prepared by the sublimation of C 60 in vacuum. The morphology of these films and the C 60 –substrate interaction were investigated by atomic force microscopy. Both flat and patterned wafers of Si, Ge, and InP have been used as substrates. It was found formerly that the strong interaction occurs between C 60 molecules and Si surface, and the C 60 films on patterned InP surface grow with grains arrayed in [0 1 1] and [1 0 1] perpendicular directions. Initial optical characterization was performed by means of ellipsometry to determine thickness and optical constants of the films. Raman spectra have been measured at room temperature under argon laser excitation. It was shown to be very useful for structural characterization and estimation of stress. Observed increase of Raman signal from patterned samples and its possible connection with surface enhanced Raman scattering effect are under discussion. Raman spectra and low temperature photoluminescence provide information on dimer formation and polymerization.
Current Role of Blood and Urine Biomarkers in the Clinical Care of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Purpose of ReviewThere is an increasing number of adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). While several biomarkers have been validated and integrated into general cardiology clinical practice, these tests are often applied to adults with CHD in the absence of disease-specific validation. Although these patients are often grouped into a single population, there is heterogeneous pathophysiology, variable disease chronicity, extensive multisystem involvement, and a low event rate relative to acquired heart disease. These stand as challenges to systematic investigation and clinical application of biomarkers for adults with CHD. This paper reviews recent studies investigating the use of biomarkers in this population, with emphasis on biomarkers applied in clinical adult CHD care.Recent  handful of biomarkers have been integrated into adult CHD practice, such as iron studies in cyanotic heart disease and stool alpha-1 antitrypsin for diagnosis of protein losing enteropathy in the Fontan circulation. Use of kidney and liver tests has been studied in prognostication of adult CHD patients. A few other biomarkers like natriuretic peptides and troponins seem likely to provide useful information in other ACHD situations based on limited disease-specific data and extrapolation from acquired heart disease.SummaryMore research is needed to support the robust validity of most existing clinical biomarkers in adult congenital cardiology practice. Until data from larger, prospectively enrolled cohorts are available, clinical use of biomarkers in these patients will require careful interpretation with attention to underlying pathophysiology, as well as detailed understanding of potential pitfalls of specific assays and clinical contexts.