nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
One Discipline, Four Ways: British, German, French, and American Anthropology

One Discipline, Four Ways offers the first book-length introduction to the history of each of the four major traditions in anthropology - British, German, French, and American. The result of lectures given by distinguished anthropologists Fredrik Barth, Andre Gingrich, Robert Parkin, and Sydel Silverman to mark the foundation of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, this volume not only traces the development of each tradition but considers their impact on one another and assesses their future potentials. Moving from E. B. Taylor all the way through the development of modern fieldwork, Barth reveals the repressive tendencies that prevented Britain from developing a variety of anthropological practices until the late 1960s. Gingrich, meanwhile, articulates the development of German anthropology, paying particular attention to the Nazi period, of which surprisingly little analysis has been offered until now. Parkin then assesses the French tradition and, in particular, its separation of theory and ethnographic practice. Finally, Silverman traces the formative influence of Franz Boas, the expansion of the discipline after World War II, and the "fault lines" and promises of contemporary anthropology in the United States.
MASS RATIOS IN MULTIPLE STAR SYSTEMS

Recently a catalogue of 612 physical multiple stars was published by Tokovinin. The systems are generally hierarchical, i.e. they consist of binaries of different hierarchy levels. We have studied the mass ratios of the hierarchical binaries as a diagnostic of the origin of the multiple systems. The threebody statistical break-up theory is used to obtain likely mass ratio distributions in dynamically strongly interacting systems. A comparison with the catalogue data shows good agreement between theory and observations. This tells us that the multiple stars of the catalogue are not primordial but their properties are results of dynamical interactions where the three-body ejection process plays a key role.
Karl Popper en het Wenen van zijn tijd. Intellectuele en politieke wortels van het kritisch rationalisme

Karl Popper's Vienna. The Intellectual and Political Roots of Critical Rationalism.
Karl Popper, who grew up in the intellectual atmosphere of the wealthy bourgeoisie of Vienna, Austria, was influenced by Albert Einsten's relativity theory as well as Marxism. However, after spurning militant communism in 1919, he joined the Austrian Monists and participated in the socialist school reform movement. Popper opposed modernism in general, and remained conservative in music and art, but Edward Hanslick's objectivist approach to music affected Popper's philosophy and led to his theory of the three worlds. Additionally, Popper's falsificationist methodology was influenced by the therapeutic nihilism once dominating the Vienna Medical School. As a student of the Gestalt psychologist Karl Buhler and a member of the Gomperz Circle, his opposition to logical positivism represented a successful articulation of contemporary criticism. In contrast to the empirical inductionists of the Vienna Circle, he opted for deductivist theory and philosophical realism of the Boltmann-Einstein School. Anticipating the Nazi takeover, he emigrated to New Zealand in 1937. From 1946 onward, he taught at the U of London (England), and died in England 17 Sept 1994. Although sociologists might choose other works, Popper is remembered primarily for his treatment of the growth of natural science knowledge described in The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1959). 35 References. Adapted from the source document.
What factors influence the catalytic activity of iron-salan complexes for aerobic oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols?

A few Fe-salan dimer complexes serve as catalysts for aerobic oxidative coupling (AOC) of 2-naphthols, but some others do not. X-Ray and cyclic voltammetry studies of various Fe-salan complexes revealed that the absence or the presence of double hydrogen bonding in Fe-salan dimers, the oxidation potential of monomeric Fe-salan species and the location of the resulting radical cation are critical factors for the catalytic activity of iron-salan complexes for the AOC.
Ontology and Hyper Graph Based Dashboards in Data Warehousing Systems

Analytical and computational requirements are increasing in data warehousing systems. So it is very crucial to identify semantically equivalent data, linking them and discovering structural dependencies. This can be performed using dashboards. Dynamic dashboard will perform the customization of information for specific need of user. And we are using an improved method for dashboard development using hyper graph approach and ontology exploration. Existing dashboard design satisfies given user query and provides flexibility in changing user interactions. In this paper a quick specification of dashboard interfaces is obtained for detailed DB (data base) query language where semantics of user interaction is in a declarative manner. Keyword- QBSE, QBVE, Ontology, Dashboard, Hyper graph, DBE I.  The variety, complexity and diversity of analytical requirements lead to increased interest of on-demand DWH systems(data warehousing systems)(1),where qualitative difference in data monitoring, exploration and other tasks is obtained by interactive and analytical data processing. This maximized the popularity of dashboard applications which analyze and monitor flexible, rapid information for specific need of users (2).Performance and flexibility in the dash board development process is maintained by the QBE method based on knowledge. Ontological knowledge is utilized by DBE framework to formalize the context and content of heterogeneous sources of data. DBE query language defines queries on data source's base attributes, base data semantics which is ontology encoded and on the analyzed data and the Ontology data connections . Ontology explorations associated with hyper graph transversals problem (3). Here hyper graph clustering and hyper graph partitioning techniques are used (4) which provide rich information sources for data linkage and semantic browsing tasks. Dashboard is an easily readable, real-time user interface, can be viewed as a single page. It includes current status and organization's historical trends which are presented graphically thus instantaneous and important decisions can be made at a glance. In computer and information science, ontology is representing knowledge as concept sets within a domain and different relationships among concept pairs. We are describing our method using a real-world based scenario and explaining the benefits regarding the solution's design flexibility.
Does a tensorial energy-momentum density for gravitation exist?

No tensorial expression for the energy-momentum density of the gravitational field seems to exist in general relativity. Would this be an ineluctable property of nature, or just a limitation of the general-relativistic geometric bias? An analysis of the spin connection shows that the non-tensorial character of the general relativity expressions is due to the fact that they all include the energy-momentum density of the fictitious forces associated to the non-inertiality of the adopted frame--which is non-tensorial by its very nature. Splitting the spin connection in such a way as to separate gravity from inertia, one ends up with teleparallel gravity, where a tensorial expression for the energy-momentum of gravity alone naturally emerges. Like the energy-momentum tensor of any other field in the presence of gravitation, it is conserved only in the covariant sense.
Global Politics in the 1580s: One Canal, Twenty Thousand Cannibals, and an Ottoman Plot to Rule the World

Yemen with a small war fl eet and headed for the Portuguese-controlled city-states of Africa's Swahili coast. Although ultimately unsuccessful, his expedition was conceived as only the fi rst step in an extended effort to create a centralized Ottoman imperial infrastructure throughout the Indian Ocean basin. And had it not been for the fortuitous intervention of several thousand "Zimba" warriors on the eve of the fi nal encounter between Ottoman and Portuguese forces at Mombasa in March 1589, the available evidence suggests that Mir Ali and his men might very well have carried the day.
Deep Supervised Discrete Hashing

With the rapid growth of image and video data on the web, hashing has been extensively studied for image or video search in recent years. Benefiting from recent advances in deep learning, deep hashing methods have achieved promising results for image retrieval. However, there are some limitations of previous deep hashing methods (e.g., the semantic information is not fully exploited). In this paper, we develop a deep supervised discrete hashing algorithm based on the assumption that the learned binary codes should be ideal for classification. Both the pairwise label information and the classification information are used to learn the hash codes within one stream framework. We constrain the outputs of the last layer to be binary codes directly, which is rarely investigated in deep hashing algorithm. Because of the discrete nature of hash codes, an alternating minimization method is used to optimize the objective function. Experimental results have shown that our method outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets.
"Self-responsibility" and the Nature of the Postwar Japanese State: Risk through the Looking Glass

This article examines the relationship between the postwar Japanese state and the citizen by focusing on how the state has deployed the discourse of "self-responsibility" in recalibrating the citizen's exposure to external and internal risks. In the context of a more pro-active military role and the pressures of globalization, the citizen is increasingly being required to mediate a range of risks. The article develops this argument by analyzing the Japanese state's response to the exposure of citizens to external risks in the war in Iraq and internal risks in the employment market following the bursting of the "bubble economy."
Influence of dissolved organic matter components on arsenate adsorption/desorption by TiO2.

The influences of different dissolved organic matter (DOM) components and ionic matters on As(V) adsorption/desorption behavior on the TiO2 surface were investigated. The results demonstrated that the characteristics and involving order of DOM significantly affected the As(V) adsorption/desorption behavior. The presence of DOM decreased the As(V) adsorption quantity. Fulvic acid (FA) exhibited the most negative effect, and followed by the order of alginate ≈ BSA > SDBS. The precomplexation DOM prevented more As(V) adsorption. While, the presence of DOM caused more As(V) release when the surrounding changed and FA exhibited the strongest effect. The results indicated that the site competition and electrostatic repulsion were the major mechanisms to resist As(V) adsorption. The presence of Fe3+ and Ca2+ increased As(V) adsorption by bridge effect, while PO43- and CO32- decreased As(V) adsorption owing to the competition.
Why Do Foreign Banks Withdraw from Other Nations

This paper describes the trends in foreign bank ownership across the world and presents, for the first time, empirical evidence on the causes of foreign banks’ withdrawal from other nations. Using maximum likelihood estimation techniques and data on 81 closed foreign bank subsidiaries across 37 countries during 1999-2006, we show that problems encountered by the subsidiaries were not the main cause of divestment by the parent banks. Based on data for the parent banks of the closed subsidiaries, our results show that those banks reported significant financial weakness one year prior to the closing of the international operation. We therefore assume that a multinational bank’s decision to close a subsidiary in another nation is caused by problems in the home country rather than by weak performance of the subsidiary. This paper is currently reserved to Carefin sponsors and will be made public on SSRN after a short embargo. Please visit the CAREFIN website to learn more on how to get the paper.
Cooperation in collective action

The ability to cooperate in collective action problems --such as those relating to the use of common property resources or the provision of local public goods --is a key determinant of economic performance. In this paper we discuss two aspects of collective action problems in developing countries. First, which institutions discourage opportunistic behavior and promote cooperation? Second, what are the characteristics of the individuals involved that determine the degree to which they cooperate? We first review the evidence from field studies, laboratory experiments, and cross community studies. We then present new results from an individual level panel data set of rural workers.
Provenance of Holocene beach sand in the Western Iberian margin: the use of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for the deciphering of sediment recycling in a modern coastal system

Detrital zircons from Holocene beach sand and igneous zircons from the Cretaceous syenite forming Cape Sines (Western Iberian margin) were dated using laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry. The U–Pb ages obtained were used for comparison with previous radiometric data from Carboniferous greywacke, Pliocene–Pleistocene sand and Cretaceous syenite forming the sea cliff at Cape Sines and the contiguous coast. New U–Pb dating of igneous morphologically simple and complex zircons from the syenite of the Sines pluton suggests that the history of zircon crystallization was more extensive (ca 87 to 74 Ma), in contrast to the findings of previous geochronology studies (ca 76 to 74 Ma). The U–Pb ages obtained in Holocene sand revealed a wide interval, ranging from the Cretaceous to the Archean, with predominance of Cretaceous (37%), Palaeozoic (35%) and Neoproterozoic (19%) detrital-zircon ages. The paucity of round to subrounded grains seems to indicate a short transportation history for most of the Cretaceous zircons (ca 95 to 73 Ma) which are more abundant in the beach sand that was sampled south of Cape Sines. Comparative analysis using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistical method, analysing sub-populations separately, suggests that the zircon populations of the Carboniferous and Cretaceous rocks forming the sea cliff were reproduced faithfully in Quaternary sand, indicating sediment recycling. The similarity of the preCretaceous ages (>ca 280 Ma) of detrital zircons found in Holocene sand, as compared with Carboniferous greywacke and Pliocene–Pleistocene sand, provides support for the hypothesis that detritus was reworked into the beach from older sedimentary rocks exposed along the sea cliff. The largest percentage of Cretaceous zircons (<ca 95 Ma) found in Holocene sand, as compared with Pliocene–Pleistocene sand (secondary recycled source), suggests that the Sines pluton was the one of the primary sources that became progressively more exposed to erosion during Quaternary uplift. This work highlights the application of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov method in comparison of zircon age populations used to identify provenance and sediment recycling in modern and ancient detrital sedimentary sequences.  (2016)
The Political Ideas of St. Thomas Aquinas Representative Selections ; Edited with an Introduction by Dino Bigongiari. --. --

What is the relation of the state to God? How can a man be both a "political animal" and a follower of Christ? These enduring questions are considered in detail in this volume of selected writings of St Thomas Aquinas. Among the most influential of the medieval philosophers, he is recognized for synthesizing Christian theology with Artistotelian metaphysics, recognized for synthesizing Christian theology with Artistotelian metaphysics, and providing a philosophical defence of Christianity addressed to the non-Christian reader. This selection specifically focuses on Aquinas's concepts of politics, justice and social conflicts, and the impact they have on society. In a discussion of the historical background and evolution of St Thomas Aquinas's political ideas, the editor explains their enduring influence and legacy. He also provides explanatory notes and a glossary of unusual terms and unfamiliar words.
全球化時代的政府與企業——以兩岸經貿關系為例 State and Business in the Era of Globalization: The Case of Cross-Strait Linkages in the Computer Industry

The general framework of state-business relations in cross-Strait economic interactions is examined along with the collective efforts of Taiwanese and global firms to develop the Chinese market. The process of 'localisation' of globalised Taiwanese firms in China is analysed and efforts on both sides of the Strait by two central states, the municipal governments and quasi-state agencies are observed to accommodate the forces of globalisation.
The Gift Paradox: Complex Selves and Symbolic Good

Symbolic utility involves appreciation and esteem and expressed by symbolic products (gifts), while substantive utility entails ordinary welfare satisfied by substantive products. For neoclassical theory, both utilities are symmetrical or fungible and, hence, substitutable along the uni-dimensional utility function. If they are substitutable, though, why would agents be judged as “crass” if they intentionally remind the recipient of the cost of the substitution? For normative sociological theory, the judgment of “crassness” would arise if the agent mixes moral norms with non-moral substantive interests. The two are supposed to be non-fungible, stemming from multiple selves. If both utilities are non-fungible and stem from multiple selves, though, why do we call agents who spend on gifts beyond their means “fools,” while those who spend very little “cheapskates”? It seems that there must be a supervising, single self that makes decisions on the proper division of the budget between substantive products and gifts. But this invites the single-self idea from the back window, reverting back to the neoclassical approach. We would be caught in a vicious cycle of anomalies. To get out of the cycle, this paper identifies the critical issues and suggests an alternative, complex-self view.
Febrl - A Parallel Open Source Data Linkage System: http://datamining.anu.edu.au/linkage.html

In many data mining projects information from multiple data sources needs to be integrated, combined or linked in order to allow more detailed analysis. The aim of such linkages is to merge all records relating to the same entity, such as a patient or a customer. Most of the time the linkage process is challenged by the lack of a common unique entity identifier, and thus becomes non-trivial. Linking todays large data collections becomes increasingly difficult using traditional linkage techniques. In this paper we present an innovating data linkage system called Febrl, which includes a new probabilistic approach for improved data cleaning and standardisation, innovative indexing methods, a parallelisation approach which is implemented transparently to the user, and a data set generator which allows the random creation of records containing names and addresses. Implemented as open source software, Febrl is an ideal experimental platform for new linkage algorithms and techniques.
Towards an integrated and synergized social policy: Concepts and strategies

In first reviewing the most recent trends of social policy in Western Europe, the present article argues that social policy is best conceived of as a plural action system that enhances the interactions between community care and intermediary welfare organizations and does this within the framework of a welfare state working as an Observation‐Diagnosis‐Guidance system. Social policies for the 1990s can be better understood, planned, and implemented if seen as a new way for steering social systems.
Determining the optimal policy for a home delivery milk retailing: A simulation approach

textabstractA food retailing firm operates in a complex situation where its economic result is influenced by a large number of variables: own marketing variables, characteristics of customers and area of location and the nature of competition. 

This paper demonstrates how all these influences can be integrated into a model and how this model subsequently can be used to find the optimal policy of the retailing firm under various conditions. The specific application in the paper is home delivery milk retailing in the Netherlands.
China: A Geographical Survey

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Extracting Herbrand disjunctions by functional interpretation

Carrying out a suggestion by Kreisel, we adapt Gödel’s functional interpretation to ordinary first-order predicate logic(PL) and thus devise an algorithm to extract Herbrand terms from PL-proofs. The extraction is carried out in an extension of PL to higher types. The algorithm consists of two main steps: first we extract a functional realizer, next we compute the β-normal-form of the realizer from which the Herbrand terms can be read off. Even though the extraction is carried out in the extended language, the terms are ordinary PL-terms. In contrast to approaches to Herbrand’s theorem based on cut elimination orɛ-elimination this extraction technique is, except for the normalization step, of low polynomial complexity, fully modular and furthermore allows an analysis of the structure of the Herbrand terms, in the spirit of Kreisel ([13]), already prior to the normalization step. It is expected that the implementation of functional interpretation in Schwichtenberg’s MINLOG system can be adapted to yield an efficient Herbrand-term extraction tool.
Market Visions: The Interplay of Ideas and Institutions in Chinese Financial Restructuring

In studies of transitional systems, negative economic outcomes are often associated with ‘partial’ or ‘stalled’ reform – a reform that signifies an institutional departure from standard market operation. Such departures are often traced to socio-political contestation or political preferences. Focusing on China's intertwined financial and enterprise reforms, this paper challenges that approach on two fronts. First, it argues that institutional change and resultant economic outcomes are driven less by contestation than by societally held assumptions regarding the nature of economic causation in market contexts. The analytical lenses that actors employ to understand their environment shape expectations about how markets function, influence the manner by which economic problems are diagnosed, and profoundly affect the ultimate institutional evolution of the system. Second, such lenses are necessitated by substantial uncertainties at the theoretical level regarding market function – uncertainties that make characterizations of economic behavior as ‘irrational’ highly problematic.