nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The US Air Force R&M 2000 Initiative Special Introduction

Reliability dedicated to the US Air are incorporated into a system from inception to producFo Transactionseon Reliability anddedilicted tM te UIition and deployment. The future operational effectiveness Force Reliability and Maintainability (R&M) 2000 Iniof our systems will be determined by how well we integrate tiative. For several years we have focused intense attention reliability and maintainability into the design process. To on improved combat readiness. At the very top of our list focus defense contractors on this goal, we have drastically of ways to accomplish this is improved reliability and altered acquisition priorities. Reliability, maintainability, maintainability. The rationale is compelling: broken and producibility now stand as the first items in the highest equipment and unusable systems don't deter war or prevail ranked areas for source selection. on the battle field. R&M improvements will translate hardIn the Air Force, R&M factors have come of age with ware on the ramp into improved sortie rates, increased priority equal to or greater than such traditional factors as mobility, decreased manpower and lower costs. All that performance, cost, and schedule. This R&M attention is adds up to more warfighting capability and, hence, more clear recognition that logistics is not just in the "nice to deterrence. have" category. Logistics is the essential prerequisite for deterrence. ~~~~~~~~and supporter of warfighting capability. Reliability and For the R&M initiative to be fully effective, it must be ain a ina modernlitic takdable. I understood and applied by all those involved in design, challenge all of you in the engineering and academic comresearch, development, acquisition, and management of munities to join me in this important initiative to build Air Force systems. R&M 2000 cuts across academic, insupportable Air Force capabilities. dustrial, and governmental lines to redefine system capability not only in terms of performance, but also in Manuscript TR8711 received 1986 December 15; revised 1987 April 21. terms of reliability, maintainability, and producibility. The IEEE Log Number 15946 4 TR >
Making ATE accessible for academic institutions

Traditionally, automated test equipment (ATE) manufacturers have been producing test systems to meet the needs of the electronic industry and research organizations. There is however another fairly large ATE market that has not been addressed by ATE-educational institutes and universities. Issues related to the electronic test equipment for educational institutions are discussed in this paper. It identifies the requirements to implement a test engineering program in the university environment, the challenges that face both university and industry, and strategies that can be adopted to meet these requirements. It provides a general roadmap that allows customization to suit emerging test engineering developments that may occur future. Consideration is given to a pragmatic, and cost effective collaboration between the academic and industrial worlds.
The question of Derrida's women

the other, in this case the question of woman (if one ignores the "but," which I will do but - only for the moment) returns the "other" to the position of object of  Such knowledge may be determinedly indeterminate - but indeterminacy itself can serve a purpose. Thus, the indeterminacy which Jacques Derrida ascribes to woman in his essay on Nietzsche's style, Spurs: Nietzsche's Styles/ ? Les Styles de Nietzsche is often seen by his critics as yet another repositioning of woman as either the fetish of philosophy (Doane, 1989:125), or as the backdrop for the erection of a (masculine) philosophical system . The beginning proper of Derrida's text is marked by a series of juxtapositions: the question of style/ the subject of woman: the question of style/veils and sails/ genres and genders/ spurs. Such an oblique entry into the question of woman allows one to overlook the ways that this essay might itself pose an interrogation of the "question of woman." If one is to examine the way that such an interrogation is articulated in the margins of this text, one must attend meticulously to Derrida's styles. One must therefore begin before the question of style2 and address the first question of his lecture: the question of the exergue. His attention in the first section of his reading to the form of the exergue will serve to situate the question of style as the question of woman. And because it is by means of an analysis of the exergue that Derrida problematizes the question of woman, I will pause at length in the space created by such an exergue.
AIDS and the private sector

It will take more than awareness to slow the HIV pandemic in Africa.Mid-term squallThe stakes are high for November's mid-term congressional elections: the Democrats need to gain just six seats in the Senate and fifteen in the House to claim majorities. For President George W. Bush, it could mean the difference between a reinvigorated presidency or an unproductive lame-duck period. In a hard-fought election, both parties are occasionally and uncharacteristically turning to science to try to sway voters. The recent presidential veto against embryonic stem-cell research has provided fodder for Republicans and Democrats alike to try to distinguish their candidates. And candidates in three states are challenging incumbents largely on scientific issues — climate change, stem cells and (California, inevitably) on clean energy. A News Feature special this week looks at how scientific issues are playing in the campaign.
El Barroco en disputa: Carl Schmitt y Walter Benjamin entre lo estético y lo político

This paper is a comparative study about the Works of Benjamin and Schmitt on the baroque art. It argues that the specific difference between them most be found in their concept of the political. For Benjamin there is a difference between tragedy and drama, the german  Trauerspiel  it is an allegorical approach to things and history. Schmitt argues that the singularity of baroque drama is the irruption of time in the plastic form. These are the points that the paper proposes.
Behavioral norms in the Islamic doctrine of economics: A critique

At the heart of the contemporary Islamic doctrine of economics lies a set of behavioral norms derived from the first Islamic society in seventh century Arabia. This paper demonstrates that these norms cannot be expected to serve as the spearhead of a drive for modern economic development. For one thing, the proposed norms are unlikely to enjoy widespread adherence in large societies where it is difficult to achieve a common perception of reality, elicit generalized altruism and overcome the free rider problem. Secondly, many Islamic norms are ambiguous, and some interfere with institutions designed to improve the workings of markets.
Camels, Cormorants, and Kangaroo Rats: Integration 
and Synthesis in Organismal Biology After World War II

During the decades following World War II diverse groups of American biologists established a variety of distinctive approaches to organismal biology. Rhetorically, organismal biology could be used defensively to distinguish established research traditions from perceived threats from newly emerging fields such as molecular biology. But, organismal biologists were also interested in integrating biological disciplines and using a focus on organisms to synthesize levels of organization from molecules and cells to populations and communities. Part of this broad movement was the development of an area of research variously referred to as physiological ecology, environmental physiology, or ecophysiology. This area of research was distinctive in its self-conscious blend of field and laboratory practices and its explicit integration with other areas of biology such as ecology, animal behavior, and evolution in order to study adaptation. Comparing the intersecting careers of Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and George Bartholomew highlights two strikingly different approaches to physiological ecology. These alternative approaches to studying the interactions of organisms and environments also differed in important ways from the organismal biology championed by leading figures in the modern synthesis.
Mere poetry and strange flesh: Shelley’s The Cenci and Calderón’s El Purgatorio de San Patricio

In this essay, I examine the act of “conscious plagiarism” that Shelley committed by incorporating into The Cenci a passage from Calderon de la Barca’s seventeenth‐century Spanish play El Purgatorio de San Patricio. I argue that Shelley, drawing on his reading of August Schlegel’s Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature, uses the passage from Calderon to enter a major debate about the nature and significance of the tragic drama among European Romantics. For Schlegel, and for other German Romantic theorists, Calderon represented the quintessential Romantic (and Christian) solution to the problem of tragic action in a world without an immanent “fate.” Insisting simultaneously that we live in a world riven by sheer contingency and that we are nonetheless continuously subject to a divine providence, Calderon achieves a symbolic “Eucharistic” reconciliation of the noumenal and the phenomenal. I draw attention to the pervasiveness of Eucharistic imagery (both satanically parodic and otherwise) in Shelley’s play...
Scenarios On Estimation of the Ecological Risks of Oil Transport Activity In Russian Far East Offshore Regions

In this study the authors are looking at the environmental risks of oil transport activity in the Russian Federation’s Far East offshore regions. The ecological risks which emerge during the functioning of the pipeline system and oil trans-shipping terminal are presented. A modeling of oil spills spreading are suggested and discussed. The estimation of the risks from the ecological accidents to the recreation activity and fishing industry in the Primorye Territory is presented. The ways of ecological risks reduction and protective measures for ecosystems including economical sanctions are worked out.
Libraries, truth and A J Ayer

A LIBRARIAN trying to make up his mind about the role of books, information, and culture in the modern world could do a lot worse than read A J Ayer's recent autobiography, Part of my life. Ayer's wide culture is unforcedly apparent. He grew up in a milieu in which learning the classics and composing Latin verses at Eton were the most natural things in the world: to that extent, he belongs to the world of C S Lewis, with whom he was later to clash at Oxford. His favourite authors range from Dickens, through Yeats, to e e cummings (a lifelong friend); and through people like Cyril Connolly he built up the right connections in Bloomsbury. His logical positivism placed him in touch with the current scientific ethos, and his eager appreciation of facts, of information, placed him in good stead during the war, when he was in military intelligence. In a sense, there can be little worth knowing that Professor Ayer does not know (and, of course, few people worth knowing).
Classical models of subatomic particles

We look at the program of modelling a subatomic particle - one having mass, charge, and angular momentum - as an interior solution joined to a classical general-relativistic Kerr-Newman exterior spacetime. We find that the assumption of stationarity upon which the validity of the Kerr-Newman exterior solution depends is in fact violated quantum mechanically for all known subatomic particles. We conclude that the appropriate stationary spacetime matched to any known subatomic particle is flat space.
ExploringCPviolation withBd0→DKSdecays

We (re)examine CP violation in the decays B_d -> D K_s, where D represents D^0, D(bar), or one of their excited states. The quantity $\sin^2(2\beta + \gamma)$ can be extracted from the time-dependent rates for $B_d(t) -> {\bar D}^{**0} K_s$ and $B_d(t) -> D^{**0} K_s$, where the $D^{**0}$ decays to $D^{(*)+}\pi^-$. If one considers a non-CP-eigenstate hadronic final state to which both D(bar) and D^0 can decay (e.g. $K^+\pi^-$), then one can obtain two of the angles of the unitarity triangle from measurements of the time-dependent rates for $B_d(t) -> (K^+\pi^-)_{D K_s}$ and $B_d(t) -> (K^-\pi^+)_{D K_s}$. There are no penguin contributions to these decays, so all measurements are theoretically clean.
Public sculpture and the civic ideal in New York City, 1890-1930

Chapter 1 Introduction Part 2 I. The Formation of a Professional Network Chapter 3 1. Sculptors and Public Sculpture before 1893 Chapter 4 2. The National Sculpture Society, Artistic Alliances, and the Search for a City Beautiful Part 5 II. New York Civic Sculpture in Context Chapter 6 3. The Public Sculpture Process Chapter 7 4. A Quick Start: The Appellate Courthouse Chapter 8 5. An Art of Conquest: The Dewey Arch Chapter 9 6. Professionals and the Federal Government: The United States Customs House Chapter 10 7. Sculptors and Tammany Hall: The New York City Hall of Records Chapter 11 8. Cultural Institutions and the Art of Negotiation: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, and the New York Public Library Chapter 12 9. Maine Memorial and Pulitzer Fountain: Site, Patronage, and Process Part 13 III. Ideologies, Interpretations, and Responses Chapter 14 10. The Myths of Civic Sculpture Chapter 15 11. Monumental Challenges to the Civic Ideal Chapter 16 12. The Rise and Demise of Civic Virtue Chapter 17 13. A Loss of Memory: The New York City World War I Memorial Chapter 18 14. The Decline of Civic Sculpture
Binding in Nominal Equational Logic

Many formal systems, particularly in computer science, may be expressed through equations modulated by assertions regarding the 'freshness of names'. It is the presence of binding operators that make such structure non-trivial. Clouston and Pitts's Nominal Equational Logic presented a formalism for this style of reasoning in which support for name binding was implicit. This paper extends this logic to offer explicit support for binding and then demonstrates that such an extension does not in fact add expressivity.
After Modern Art 1945-2000

1 The Politics of Modernism:  Expressionism and the European Informel 2 Duchamp's Legacy: The Rauschenberg-Johns Axis 3 The Artist in Crisis: From Bacon to Beuys 4 Blurring Boundaries: Pop Art, Fluxus and their Effects 5 Modernism in Retreat: Minimalist Aesthetics and Beyond 6 The Death of the Object: The Move to Conceptualism 7 Postmodernism: Theory and Practice in the 1980s 8 Into the 1990s.
American Studies in Review ''A Knowing So Deep It's Like a Secret'': Recent Approaches to Race, Identity, and Transformation in Toni Morrison's Fiction

In the burgeoning field of Toni Morrison studies, three scholars have recently made original contributions to the field with their interdisci- plinary scholarship, showing a trend in Morrison studies of forging new readings through the use of comparative and cross-cultural techniques. In so doing, Evelyn Jaffe Schreiber, K. Zauditu-Selassie, and Rebecca Hope Ferguson help to elucidate Morrison's complex relationship to the past and to African and American culture as well as the consistent ethical concerns across her body of work. Zauditu-Selassie focuses primarily on Morrison's references to African cosmology, while Ferguson and Schreiber take interdisciplinary approaches to key themes (transition, exchange, and the concept of home) in Morrison's work. While Ferguson and Schreiber tend to problematize Morrison's relationship to an African past, Zauditu- Selassie takes a much more celebratory approach regarding her use of cultural and spiritual references.
SELECTIVE TRANSPORT OF PB(II) ION BY ACYCLIC POLYETHERS BEARING AMIDE END-GROUPS

A series of acyclic polyethers bearing amide end-groups and lipophilic alkyl chains (3-5) were successfully synthesized with quantitative yields. Based upon the transport experiment in a bulk liquid membrane (BLM) system and solvent extraction, a very high selectivity of Pb2+ over other transition metal cations was observed. Measurement of thermodynamic parameters for complexation in methanol at 25 ℃ gave a strong evidence for excellent selective complexation for lead ion over other transition metal ions.
Real Currency Economies: Using Real Money in Virtual Words

Continuing improvements in computing power and high-speed Internet access have led to an explosion in the popularity of multi-player online environments. In addition to providing a new form of entertainment, several of these environments have proven useful for educational activities. Specifically, the Second Life environment, which provides a physics and graphics engine for anyone to display 3D content, has received significant attention within the academic community. The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga recently used Second Life as a platform for a senior capstone project. We describe our experiences and evaluate Second Life as a virtual environment. The evaluation includes a discussion on several unique aspects of Second Life. Specifically, player ownership of virtual property and the express provision for transfers between real currency and the virtual Linden$; this raises some interesting unresolved financial and legal questions for future projects.
Jean Leray（1906—1998）

Jean Leray was first and foremost an analyst. His involvement with algebraic topology was initially incidental and became later, at first for nonmathematical reasons, a topic of major interest for him for about ten years. His papers are written with his own notation and conventions, which, for the most part, have not been adopted and are consequently little read today. But it is there that sheaves and spectral sequences originated and were first used, so this work has exerted an immense influence on the further course of algebraic topology and of the emerging homological algebra. It divides naturally into three parts.
The debate on ‘Americanization’ among economic and cultural historians

Beginning with an analysis of the debate on the usefulness of the concepts of ‘Americanization’ and ‘Westernization’, this essay reviews the recent research on the European-American relationship during the Cold War that has dealt with the cultural impact of the United States upon Europe. The second half is devoted to a discussion of relevant work on this subject in the fields of economic and business history. Overall, the article tries to bring out that those who have applied the concept of ‘Americanization’ to their research on cultural and/or economic history have been well aware of the complexities of trans-Atlantic relations in this period, whether they were viewed as a two-way exchange or as a process of circulation.
Anomalies in finance What are they and what are they good for

In the natural sciences, anomalies contribute significantly to the development of new and ultimately more successful theories. The role of anomalies in financial economics, however, has been quite different. Although at the beginning, the word was used to show deviations from the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH)/Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) paradigm, lately, it has been applied to a new literature that is also more accurately called Behavioral Finance (BF). This paper argues that this misuse and misapplication of the word anomaly is not a simple coincidence. It is rather a sophisticated and accordant effort to imply that although there are some unresolved deviations from the norm, the reigning paradigm is irreplaceable, and its validity needs no empirical proof. In fact, an alternative paradigm such as BF is not only insignificant but also unnecessary and even impossible.
‘The snake and the seraph’ – sexual addiction and religious behaviour

The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between sexual misconduct and religious vocation. Drawing on clinical and ministerial experience the article suggests that most sexual misconduct among religious officials is a combination of sexual addiction and religious behaviour acting as interconnected responses to narcissistic damage. It goes on to outline a reciprocal inter-locking cyclical pattern of behaviour and suggests a treatment strategy that prioritizes four tasks: psycho-education, group work, family of origin exploration, and facilitating access to the components of a good quality of life.
The GARP modelling system: problems and solutions to automated spatial prediction

This paper is concerned with the problems and solutions to reliable analysis of arbitrary datasets. Our approach is to describe components of a system called the GARP Modelling System (GMS) which we have developed for automating predictive spatial modelling of the distribution of species of plants and animals. The essence of the system is an underlying generic spatial modelling method which filters out potential sources of errors. The approach is generally applicable however, as the statistical problems arising in arbitrary spatial data analysis potentially apply to any domain. For ease of development, GMS is integrated with the facilities of existing database and visualization tools, and Internet browsers. The GMS is an example of a class of application which has been very successful for providing spatial data analysis in a simple to use way via the Internet.
Seasonal Work in the Memory of the People of Apátistvánfalva

V pricujocem prispevku so predstavljeni izsledki terenske raziskave o sezonskem zaposlovanju prebivalcev Stevanovcev (južni del Porabja) med obema vojnama, ko je bilo med vascani sezonsko delo se zmeraj razsirjeno. Na sezonskem delu zasluženi pridelek je bil pomemben vir za preživetje družin. Vecmesecno bivanje na posestvih v razlicnih županijah na Madžarskem, kakor tudi v Nemciji, je pustilo globoke sledi v spominu Stevanovcanov. Pricevanja nekdanjih sezonskih delavcev so pomemben vir pri preucevanju sezonskega zaposlovanja porabskih Slovencev.  The paper focuses on the findings of a fieldwork research on seasonal work practices of the people of Apatistvanfalva (Stevanovci in Slovenian) in the south of Porabje, an area situated in a triangle between Hungary, Slovenia, and Austria. In the period between the First and the Second World Wars, seasonal work was still a significant source of income for the local population. The time spent working in different regions of Hungary as well as Germany, which usually lasted several months, has remained very much alive in the memories of the villagers of Stevanovci. Recounts of former seasonal workers and their family members represent an important source for the study of seasonal work of Slovenians from Porabje.