nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
O diabo na vida de um santo: uma análise complementar da autobiografia de Valério do Bierzo

This text is linked to the aspects of power relations in the Vita Sancti Aemiliani in Vita Sancti Fructuosi and autobiography of Valerio of Bierzo: Christianization and ecclesiastical reorganization of the Visigothic kingdom in the seventh century, funded by CNPq. Among other assumptions, this research recognizes that the ecclesiastical authorities at the beginning of the Middle Ages worked for the promotion of a comprehensive education program, which was associated with standardization and education of lay and clergy. In this process, the hagiographic literature has assumed a prominent place. Considering the autobiography written by Valerius of Bierzo as an expression of the hagiographic genre, it is intended in this article, based on the historiographical reflections of ecclesiastical activity in the Hispanic peninsula in the sixth and seventh centuries, discussing the role played by the devil in such a report, sometimes more sharply expression a literary topos, now speaker of the specific situation of the author.
Book review: The Early Sartre and Marxism, written by Sam Coombes

AbstractIt is a widely held view among scholars and commentators on the works of Jean-Paul Sartre that his corpus can be roughly divided into an early, largely a-political, non-Marxist period, and a later, more overtly political, post-liberation period. In The Early Sartre and Marxism, Sam Coombes seeks to problematise this interpretation of Sartre’s corpus by undertaking a re-evaluation of a wide array of pre-liberation and early post-liberation writings in order to establish the extent to which views fully consistent with a certain brand of Marxism are already present therein. The later period, he argues, does not so much constitute a break from the early work as a more complete development of certain nascent themes and concerns. There are difficulties inherent in any claim that Sartre’s early work is consonant with Marxism, primarily due to the fundamental incompatibilities between Sartre’s ontological description of liberation as a project of individual freedom and the inherent hostility of interpersonal relations, and Marxism’s requirements of the development of class consciousness and social solidarity for revolutionary action. Nonetheless, the modest claim that through the 1930s and early ’40s themes and ideas are appearing in Sartre’s work that are indeed not abandoned but constitute the basis of Sartre’s later more directly Marxist writings is compelling and may serve to reopen fruitful speculative philosophical dialogue between Sartre’s early existentialism and Marxism.
Reactivity of food phenols with iron and copper ions: binding, dioxygen activation and oxidation mechanisms.

In this work, the affinity of common dietary phenols (gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and rutin) for iron and copper ions was quantitatively investigated in neutral phosphate buffer as well as the reactivity of the complexes toward dioxygen. Contrasting behaviors were observed: because of the competing phosphate ions, Fe(III) binding is much slower than Fe(II) binding, which is rapidly followed by autoxidation of Fe(II) into Fe(III). With both ions, O2 consumption and H2O2 production are modest and the phenolic ligands are only slowly oxidized. By contrast, metal-phenol binding is fast with both Cu(I) and Cu(II). With Cu(I), O2 consumption and H2O2 production are very significant and the phenolic ligands are rapidly oxidized into a complex mixture of oligomers. The corresponding mechanism with Cu(II) is hampered by the preliminary rate-determining step of Cu(II) reduction by the phenols. The consequences of these findings for the stability and antioxidant activity of plant phenols are discussed.
Should purchasing activities be outsourced along with production?

When outsourcing its production to a contract manufacturer, a brand name company may also let the manufacturer take over the procurement of raw materials so as to focus on core competencies. However, by outsourcing the purchasing function, the brand name company may lose control over the quality of purchased materials, which may in turn damage its brand name and market share. In this paper, we study ways by which a brand name company can control the input material quality when outsourcing its procurement activities. Specifically, we consider a supply chain consisting of one brand name company, one contract manufacturer and a pool of material suppliers, each associated with a distinct quality level. The prices that the brand name company and the contract manufacturer are able to obtain from the suppliers depend on their bargaining power which may be private information. We show that a well designed procurement outsourcing contract can motivate the contract manufacturer to select higher quality materials. We also propose a material inspection strategy for fraud prevention and quality assurance in procurement outsourcing. Finally, we discuss the possibility of the brand name company ceding contracting rights to the contract manufacturer.
Quiet Rebellion: The Fictional Heroines of Eliza Fowler Haywood.@@@Fictions of Feminine Desire: Disclosures of Helloise.@@@Feminism in Eighteenth-Century England.@@@Mothering the Mind: Twelve Studies of Writers and Their Silent Partners.

Recognised period specialists look at a wide variety of nurturing relationships between men and women, both sexual and platonic. Mothering is examined as a component of marriage and as a sustaining force in less traditional but equally creative relationships. In some instances, actual mothers provide the encouragement and unconditional approvals that are hallmarks of the mothering role. Crucial questions are posed such as how and why did these attachments evolve? Are such relationships mutually beneficial? The book offers a balanced feminist approach and perspective and is an important contribution not only to the areas of biography and psychoanalytical criticism, but also to women's studies.
INTRODUCTION: THE STARTUP PROCESS * IntroduccIn: El procEso dE crEacIn dE EmprEsas

Entrepreneurship is considered to be an important mechanism for economic development through employment, innovation and welfare effects. The papers in this special issue are from the 3 rd Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Research Conference held in Washington D.C. in 2007. The introduction has three objectives. First, to discuss the importance of the three stages of economic development, the factor-driven stage, the efficiency-driven stage and the innovation-driven stage. Second, to examine the empirical evidence on the relationship between stages of economic development and entrepreneurship. Third, to present a summary of the papers.
Operations Management and Business Pricing

The field of revenue management originated within the operations research community and is concerned with demand management and related pricing decisions. Pricing has not traditionally been one of the mainstream operations management (OM) concerns, but revenue management is attracting a substantial amount of OM research. While revenue management has had significant impact on the management of demand and pricing for consumer services, the management of business pricing decisions has received comparably much less attention within this community. This paper reviews fundamental differences between business and consumer commerce, discusses current business pricing practice, brings to light gaps between this practice and revenue management based pricing research, and identifies future trends for research and applications in the area of business pricing that might benefit from OM research.
Life Values and Adolescent Mental Health

Preface. Theoretical, Empirical, and Analytical Framework.  The Measure and Developmental Trends.  Measure Origins and Developmental Changes. The Environmental Origins of Life Goals: Neighborhood, School, and Peers. The Environmental Origins of Children's Values: Family Effects. Within-Child Correlates of Children's Patterns of Admiration and Life Priorities. The Consequences of Children's Attitudes and Life Priorities: Connections With Mental Disorder. Summarizing the Past, Anticipating the Future. Tying It Together.
Algebraic temporal specifications with extended TUS. Hierarchical granular terms and their applications

Specification and efficient handling of temporal knowledge is an important issue in design and implementation of contemporary information systems, such as databases, knowledge-based systems or decision support systems. This paper re-explores TUS, the time unit system being an algebraic tool for constructing simple yet powerful temporal specifications. In particular, an extended version of TUS, to be called XTUS is introduced and its basic operations and properties are shown
A Metatheory of a Mechanized Object Theory

In this paper we propose a metatheory, MT, which represents the computation which implements its object theory, OT, and, in particular, the computation which implements deduction in OT. To emphasize this fact we say that MT is a metatheory of a mechanized object theory . MT has some “unusual” properties, e.g. it explicitly represents failure in the application of inference rules, and the fact that large amounts of the code implementing OT are partial, i.e. they work only for a limited class of inputs. These properties allow us to use MT to express and prove tactics, i.e. expressions which specify how to compose possibly failing applications of inference rules, to interpret them procedurally to assert theorems in OT, to compile them into the system implementation code, and, finally, to generate MT automatically from the system code. The definition of MT is part of a larger project which aims at the implementation of self-reflective systems, i.e. systems which are able to introspect their own code, to reason about it and, possibly, to extend or modify it.
Solving Solar Neutrino Puzzle via LMA MSW ConversionThe project supported in part by National Natura

We analyze the existed solar neutrino experiment data and show the allowed regions. The result from SNO’s salt phase itself restricts quite a lot the allowed region’s area. Reactor neutrinos play an important role in determining oscillation parameters. KamLAND gives decisive conclusion on the solution to the solar neutrino puzzle, in particular, the spectral distortion in the 766.3 Ty KamLAND data gives another new improvement in the constraint of solar MSW-LMA solutions. We confirm that at 99.73% C.L. the high-LMA solution is excluded.
Interpretação Bachelardiana do Ṛg-Veda, IV-19 1 A Bachelardian Interpretation of Ṛg-Veda, IV-19

Based on Bachelard’s point of view, we will analyze the hymn IV-19 of ṚgVeda, dedicated to Indra, one of the most important gods of the Indian pantheon. The French philosopher proposes a poetic of reverie, in which 1
Formal Verification of Protocols Based on Short Authenticated Strings

Modern security protocols may involve humans in order to compare or copy short strings between different devices. Multi-factor authentication protocols, such as Google 2-factor or 3D-secure are typical examples of such protocols. However, such short strings may be subject to brute force attacks. In this paper we propose a symbolic model which includes attacker capabilities for both guessing short strings, and producing collisions when short strings result from an application of weak hash functions. We propose a new decision procedure for analysing (a bounded number of sessions of) protocols that rely on short strings. The procedure has been integrated in the AKISS tool and tested on protocols from the ISO/IEC 9798-6:2010 standard.
Nitrogenation of hafnium carbide powders in AC and DC plasma by Electrical Discharge Assisted Mechanical Milling

Metal carbonitride powders and coatings are well known as superhard materials which are widely applied in many engineering products. Of this group of materials hafnium carbonitride properties are one of the least known due to difficulties with preparation. In this study, the electric discharge assisted mechanical milling (EDAMM) method involving a nitrogen plasma together with mechanical milling was used to synthetise hafnium carbonitride powders within minutes. It was found that difficulties in conventional manufacturing methods, resulting in the formation of only thin layers instead of bulk materials can be overcome by applying the new technique, and HfC x N y powder could be successfully engineered with controlled amount of nitrogen uptake. In this investigation we studied the effects of AC and DC discharges on nitrogen solubility in HfC powder. Microstructure and phase evolution were determined using XRD and SEM, while the nitrogen content in the grains was evaluated by EDS and bulk nitrogen content by CHN analysis. Maximum solubilities of 3.42 wt% and 2.95 wt%N under DC an AC discharge currents, respectively, were obtained. Reaction paths varied depending on processing conditions with HfC x N y formed under DC discharge processing and mixed products containing HfC, several HfC x N y phases and HfN like phase formed after AC processing. After nitrogenation the most highly nitrided powders were subjected to 1 min additional EDAMM processing using high power discharges to allow the formation of large, sintered particles of sufficient size to perform hardness measurements on. Vickers harnesses of fully sintered large particles after 5 and 10 min of EDAMM were 1808 and 2169HV, respectively.
Boninitic and tholeiitic dykes in the Lewis Hills mantle section of the Bay of Islands ophiolite: implications for magmatism adjacent to a fracture zone in a back-arc spreading environment

A detailed, integrated field, petrographic, and geochemical study of the Springers Hill area of the Bay of Islands ophiolite exposed in the Lewis Hills was undertaken to explain the anomalously high abundance of veins and dykes of chromitite, orthopyroxenite, and clinopyroxenite, and their associated dunites, hosted by a refractory harzburgite–dunite mixture. A geodynamic situation is presented, which is constrained by previous studies requiring formation of the Springers Hill mantle section at a ridge–fracture zone intersection, and the whole of the Bay of Islands ophiolite within a back-arc spreading environment. The veins and dykes formed during magmatism at the ridge–fracture zone intersection and along the fracture zone, as progressively hotter, more fertile (richer in clinopyroxene) asthenosphere ascended and was channelled up and along the fracture zone wall. Shallow melting of refractory harzburgite in the presence of subduction-derived hydrous fluids produced light rare earth element (LREE)-enric...
Dichotomies and Duality in First-order Model Checking Problems

We study the complexity of the model checking problem, for fixed model A, over certain fragments L of first-order logic. These are sometimes known as the expression complexities of L. We obtain various complexity classification theorems for these logics L as each ranges over models A, in the spirit of the dichotomy conjecture for the Constraint Satisfaction Problem -- which itself may be seen as the model checking problem for existential conjunctive positive first-order logic.
Discourses at Work: How Norms Still Matter in Politics

Do norms truly matter in politics? Many political scientists question the degree to which norms actually operate in political decision-making. Through an examination of environmental legislation in the US, this paper argues that while politics political maneuvering, electoral considerations, party wrangling, and so on-plays an important role in the development of policy, norms do, in fact, matter. While those involved in decision-making may not self-consciously articulate a moral conception of nature, policy debates are shaped by underlying normative conceptions ideas about what parts of nature matter, what kind of value nature has, who is being harmed and whether we care, what type of entity 'nature' is, etc. This paper considers federal policy - the Wilderness Act, Clean Air Act, Endangered Species Act, Marine Mammal Protection Act, and the BLMs multiple use doctrine to assess the operation of environmental discourses. What concepts of nature featured in discussions over the design, passage, and implementation of these policies? Building on a typology of discourses that characterize the range of ways in which individuals and organizations express their sensibilities about the status of nature and the human-nature relationship, I analyze legislative history, media coverage, and other sources to illustrate the manner in which particular environmental discourses shaped the design and implementation of environmental policy.
Research on network marketing of real estate enterprises

Along with Internet and home-buyer's youth oriented development, network sale has already become one of very important models. This article carries on analysis of current situation of real estate marketing network, proposes existence question, then provides specific thought for network marketing construction of real estate enterprise, implementation and CRM. This provides the thought for real estate enterprises to raise efficiency for real estate enterprises, to reduce the cost and to promote enterprise brand development. Also, this provides general home-buyers with beneficial help, such as providing fast, convenient on-line information and services, realizing online customization and procurement and improving efficiency.
Effects on advanced materials: results of the STS-8 EOIM (effects of oxygen interaction with materials) experiment

A variety of materials were exposed to the low Earth orbit space environment on shuttle flight STS-8 as a part of NASA's Effects of Oxygen Atoms Interaction with Materials experiment. These materials include carbon and graphites, optical materials, organic and metal films, Kevlar and fiberglass fabric, and high-temperature coatings. The effects noted on these materials included oxidative erosion of the carbon and graphite, loss of tensile strength for the Kevlar fabric, erosion and oxidation of organic films, partial oxidation of infrared optical materials, and loss of reflectance for the high-temperature coatings.  Atomic oxygen, Auger analysis, Carbon fibers, Fiberglass, Fourier transform infrared specTroscopy, Graphite, High temperature coatings, Infrared optical coatings.
Changing Perspectives in Courses in World Religions

N the life-'time of many of us, courses in world religions have exhibited five chief perspectives. The first of these was the perspective expressed in the term "comparative religion." This perspective was a hold-over from the 19th, and even from the 18th century. The governing purpose was in line with Christian, specifically with missionary interests. The curiosity of the leaders of the 18th Century Enlightenment concerning the "natural religion" of "savages" and Oriental "heathen" was succeeeded in the 19th Century by an intense interest in at least two aspects of the religions of peoples who were the object of missionary concern: first, the strengths and weaknesses of these religions, and second the possible points of contact through which missionaries might establish mutual understanding. In some cases the attitudes of scorn and intolerance persisted, but there was increasingly evident a more and more broadminded willingness to see truth and ethical worth in non-Christian faiths. This moderation was due to closer acquaintance with other faiths and ushered in the second phase of the development of world religions courses. The second phase was signalled by the gradual dropping of the title "comparative religion" with its suggestion that other religions were to be measured against the Christian and found wanting. Two new names took its place: "the history of religions" (religionsgeschichte) and, in rather general use in colleges in this country, "the religions of the world." Here quite plainly the suggestion is that the religions are to be considered one by one, objectively and impartially, without necessarily subjecting them to more than historical comparisons. In contrast, the older courses forthrightly took sides. In them the finality of Christianity was negatively demonstrated by the picking of flaws in other religions. While points of contact with nonChristian faiths were sought by a consideration of the "strengths" of these faiths, the impression was conveyed that "weaknesses" were discerned with something approaching satisfaction. R. E. Hume's The World's Liv-
Automatic Recommendation for Online Users Using Web Usage Mining

A real world challenging task of the web master of an organization is to match the needs of user and keep their attention in their web site. So, only option is to capture the intuition of the user and provide them with the recommendation list. Most specifically, an online navigation behavior grows with each passing day, thus extracting information intelligently from it is a difficult issue. Web master should use web usage mining method to capture intuition. A WUM is designed to operate on web server logs which contain user’s navigation. Hence, recommendation system using WUM can be used to forecast the navigation pattern of user and recommend those to user in a form of recommendation list. In this paper, we propose a two tier architecture for capturing users intuition in the form of recommendation list containing pages visited by user and pages visited by other user’s having similar usage profile. The practical implementation of proposed architecture and algorithm shows that accuracy of user intuition capturing is improved.
Avoiding Pitfalls When Learning Recursive Theories

Learning systems that express theories in rst-order logic must ensure that the theories are executable and, in particular, that they do not lead to innnite recursion. This paper presents a heuristic method for preventing innnite re-cursion in the (multi-clause) deenition of a recursive relation. The method has been implemented in the latest version of foil, but could also be used with any learning method that grows clauses from ground facts by repeated specialization. Results on several examples, including Ackermann's function, are presented.