nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate polymers as constituents of exopolymer substances in seawater, their complexing properties towards copper ions, surface and catalytic activity determined by electrochemical methods.

The goal of this study was to investigate to which extent polysaccharides (PS) contribute to the complexing capacity for copper ion (LT), to determine their property of surface activity and evaluate their capability to cause the catalytic hydrogen evolution wave (peak "H") due to their adsorption and the catalytic groups in their structure. Complexing capacities and apparent stability constants (Kapp) were measured electrochemically for model polysaccharides (PS): carrageenans (κ-, ι- and λ-), chondroitin sulfate, dextran, dextran sulfate, Na-alginate and humic material. Cu-complexing capacities were determined for Na-alginate (logKapp=8.32) and chondroitin sulphate (logKapp=8.14). PS adsorb on different surfaces due to their amphyphylic properties and on that way they could increase the interaction of copper ions with these surfaces by forming the surface complexes with Cu ions.
Keynote: Understanding and Reducing Project Failure: The Ethics of

In this paper I correct the meaning of “Software Failure”, or more precisely, focus attention on some overlooked meaning of “Software Failure”. Software fails even though it was produced on schedule within budget and met the customer’s specified software requirements. Software has been developed which, although meeting stated requirements, has significant negative social and ethical impacts. By ethical impact I mean those impacts of software which positively or negatively the circumstances, experiences, behavior, livelihood, or daily routine of others. The ethical stakeholders in software are those who are so affected.
Nanostructured powders and their industrial application. Materials Research Society symposium proceedings Volume 520

This new volume from the MRS brings together industrial and academic researchers involved in the synthesis and use of nanostructured powders such as fumed silica, pyrolytic titania and precipitated silica, as well as less conventional nanostructured powders such as exfoliated clays. Similarities and differences among these various fields of study and application are featured. In some ways, the volume is a continuation of the ``Better Ceramics Through Chemistry'' series. One main difference, however, is that this volume focused on the industrial use of these materials. Topics include: overview of nanopowder technology; physical aspects of nanostructured powders; synthesis of nanostructured powders; and applications of nanostructured powders.
Structural Evolution of MoO3 Thin Films Deposited on Copper Substrates upon Annealing: An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study

Structural changes of MoO3 thin films deposited on thick copper substrates upon annealing at different temperatures were investigated via ex situ X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). From the analysis of the X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) pre-edge and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), we show the dynamics of the structural order and of the valence state. As-deposited films were mainly disordered, and ordering phenomena did not occur for annealing temperatures up to 300 °C. At ~350 °C, a dominant α-MoO3 crystalline phase started to emerge, and XAS spectra ruled out the formation of a molybdenum dioxide phase. A further increase of the annealing temperature to ~500 °C resulted in a complex phase transformation with a concurrent reduction of Mo6+ ions to Mo4+. These original results suggest the possibility of using MoO3 as a hard, protective, transparent, and conductive material in different technologies, such as accelerating copper-based devices, to reduce damage at high gradients.
FRIENDSHIP, TRUST, AND POLITICAL INFLUENCE IN POOR WORKING-CLASS BRITAIN

This paper looks at the political importance of friendships between religious and charitable visitors to poor working-class homes, and those they befriended there, in late 19 th and early 20 th century urban Britain. It argues that these relationships, in combination with a limited engagement by poorer working-class voters with Liberal and Conservative politicians and policies, and also a lack of intimate neighbourhood ties, may have significantly affected political behaviour and outcomes. This paper has been peer-reviewed.
Finding the next cultural paradigm for road safety

Cultural paradigms determine both how we view road safety and the actions we take to improve it. While there may be many different competing paradigms for dominance, one paradigm can be seen as dominant. The dominant paradigm has changed a number of times over the century of motorization. The Finnish scholar, Valde Mikkonen (1997) has characterized conceptual development in road safety as a slow evolution punctuated by brief revolutions, which he sees as leading to a new dominant paradigm.
The Call of Jeremiah and Diaspora Politics

The problem of the significance of Jeremiah's call as a "prophet to the nations" (Jer 1:5) is a singular one. It seems to challenge a self-evident premise of biblical scholarship regarding the primary purpose and function of Israelite prophecy, namely, that for weal or woe, the Israelite prophet was to convey the divine word to Israel (Judah). Surprisingly little sustained scholarly work has been done on the theological significance of the international aspect of Jeremiah's call within the context of the book of Jeremiah.1 Older commentaries that did not emend the text of 1:5 outright tended to read the reference to "the nations" as indicating that the political fate of Israel had consequences for the political fortunes of its neighbors, or conversely, that what happened to surrounding principalities would necessarily have an effect on Israel.2 Even the
A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

From Creation to evolution geography astronomy from "Signs and Wonders" to law in the heavens from Genesis to geology the antiquity of man, Egyptology, and Assyriology the antiquity of man and prehistoric archaeology the "Fall of Man" and anthropology the "Fall of Man" and ethnology the "Fall of Man" and history from "The Prince of the Power of the Air" to meteorology from magic to chemistry and physics.  From miracles to medicine from fetich to hygiene from "Demoniacal Possession" to insanity from diabolism to hysteria from Babel to comparative philology from the Dead Sea legends to comparative mythology from Leviticus to political economy from the Divine Oracles to the higher criticism.
Moving Targets - Elliott-Automation and the Dawn of the Computer Age in Britain, 1947-67

This book charts the take-up of IT in Britain, as seen through the eyes of one company. It examines how the dawn of the digital computer age in Britain took place for different applications, from early government-sponsored work on secret defence projects, to the growth of the market for Elliott computers for civil applications. Features: charts the establishment of Elliotts Borehamwood Research Laboratories, and the roles played by John Coales and Leon Bagrit; examines early Elliott digital computers designed for classified military applications and for GCHQ; describes the analogue computers developed by Elliott-Automation; reviews the development of the first commercial Elliot computers and the growth of applications in industrial automation; includes a history of airborne computers by a former director of Elliott Flight Automation; discusses the computer architectures and systems software for Elliott computers; investigates the mergers, takeovers and eventual closure of the Borehamwood laboratories.
Commutation in Global Supermonoid of Free Monoids

This work is an attempt of generalization of the simple statement about the requirements of commutation of words for the case of languages. In the paper, the necessary condition for com- mutation of languages are obtained, and in the prefix case the necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained. It is important to note that the considered alphabets and languages can be infinite. The possibilities of application of the obtained results are shown in the other problems of the theory of formal languages. The boundary problems for the further solution are formulated.
Introduction to Environmental Geology

Please note this Table of Contents is from the third edition of Introduction to Geology: Part I: Foundations of Environmental Geology 1: Philosophy and Fundamental Concepts 2: Internal Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics 3: Minerals and Rocks Part II: Earth Processes and Natural Hazards 4: Introduction to Natural Hazards 5: Earthquakes and Related Phenomena 6: Volcanic Activity 7: Rivers and Flooding 8: Slope Processes, Landslides, and Subsidence 9: Coastal Processes 10: Impact of Extraterrestrial Objects Part III: Resources and Pollution 11: Water Resources 12: Water  Mineral Resources 14: Energy and Resources 15: Soils and Environment 16: Waste as a Resource: Waste  Air Pollution Part IV: Environmental Management, Global Perspectives, and Society 18: Global Climate Change 19: Geology, Society, and the Future
Scenario-Based Design: Envisioning Work and Technology in System Development [Book Review]

By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this scenario based design envisioning work and technology in system development, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.
Electrochemical Implications of Defects in Carbon Nanotubes

The electrochemical behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) containing both intrinsic and extrinsically introduced defects has been investigated through the study of bamboo and hollow multi-walled CNT morphologies. The controlled addition of argon, hydrogen, and chlorine ions in addition to atomic hydrogen and magnesium vapor was used for varying the charge and type of extrinsic defects. To quantify changes in the CNTs upon treatment, Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques were employed. It was indicated from Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronopotentiometric experiments that the electrochemical response of hollow type CNTs could be tailored more significantly compared to bamboo type CNTs, which have innately high reactive site densities and are less amenable to modification. Total defect density and edge- plane-like defect concentrations monitored through Raman spectroscopy were used to correlate changes in the electrochemical response of the CNT electrodes as a function of treatment. The implementation of CNT electrodes in a prototypical electrolytic capacitor device was then explored and characterized. Dependencies on source current and redox couple concentration were evaluated, as well as changes in the total capacitance as a function of treatment. Cyclability studies were also performed as a function of source current magnitude to evaluate the longevity of the faradaic currents which typically decrease over time in other similar capacitors. This thesis then concludes with an overall summary of the themes and findings of the research presented in this work
Research on Assembly Line Balance of Jiu Wei Mechanical and Electronics Enterprise Based on the Standard Time

This paper introduces the theory of assembly line balance and researches the production system and assembly line balance emulation issues. The method is to establish the assembly operation tree, give the constraint of assembly operation, re-build the emulation model over and over and combine assembly process. In conclusion, this paper can help the enterprise to program the assembly line based on the standard work time and assembly time to make the production capability smoothly. KeywordsAssembly line planning; Standard work time; Assembly operation tree; emulation model
Exploring the Potential Effects of Organic Production on Contracting in American Agribusiness

Organic production, while still a niche market in U.S. agriculture, is growing at a rapid rate. This paper argues that organic producers, particularly those seeking certification to sell at the retail level, share many characteristics with conventional producers who opt for contracting over independence. These include yield risk, search and transaction costs, and technological changes. Depending on the rate at which federal assistance programs grow and evolve to serve organic producers, contracting may become a popular choice within the organic sector. In turn, contracting may come to cover a significantly larger share of agricultural production as the organic sector continues to grow.
On the Energy of Stringy Black Holes

It is well-known that one of the most interesting and challenging problems of General Relativity is the energy and momentum localization. There are many attempts to evaluate the energy distribution in a general relativistic system. One of the methods used for the energy and momentum localization is the one which used the energymomentum complexes. After the Einstein work, a large number of definitions for the energy distribution was given. We mention the expressions proposed by Landau and Lifshitz,  The Einstein, Landau and Lifshitz, Papapetrou, Bergmann and Weinberg energy-momentum complexes are restricted to calculate the energy distribution in quasi-Cartesian coordinates. The energy-momentum complex of Moller gives the possibility to make the calculations in any coordinate system. In this paper we calculate the energy distribution of three stringy black hole solutions in the Moller prescription. The Moller energymomentum complex gives us a consistent result for these three situations.
Computer-supported innovation pipelines: Current research and trends

Even though the term ‘‘innovation’’ is blurred into many different definitions and perceptions, our society has clearly identified the necessity to organize the means to transform new and relevant ideas into valued products, processes, services or business opportunities successfully accepted by the market. To meet such a challenge, companies are tempted to adopt new emerging models like open innovation, where not only their own internal ideas but also those from other firms drive them to new markets outside their traditional businesses. Without discipline and structured processes, the very best ideas and open approaches may fail to attain the target, as more rapid responses to the market, shortened product life cycles, enhanced product performance and user friendliness requirements tend to increase the risk of falling short. Computer-aided innovation is a new community challenging these current realities. One of its roles is to support innovation pipelines that enable enterprises to effectively implement a complete innovation process throughout the entire product life cycle. The aim of this special issue is to continue to contribute to the foundation of the theoretical background and practical implementation of computer-supported innovation pipelines, not only with methods and tools that integrate scientific fields, but also with practical applications that aim to increase the innovation success rate in an orchestrated manner. The term ‘‘pipeline’’ has been newly employed in our community as we realize that innovation is characterized by a lengthy process along which a great deal of associated data flow from one stage to another through various paths. Even if milestones of innovation paths have been clearly identified (idea synthesis phase, selection of the most promising and challenging ones, transforming an idea into a robust concept through multidisciplinary calculations), there are multiple ‘‘ways’’ of moving from idea to innovation. Consequently, the term ‘‘pipeline’’ has been used in the plural. The computer methods and tools for supporting these innovation pipelines are the central theme in this special issue, starting at the fuzzy front end of perceiving customer demands that challenge traditional design drivers and open new business opportunities and continuing through the entire product development process up to the successful introduction into the market. This special issue leads with a survey paper that summarizes past contributions in the CAI domain and contains a research agenda for computing developments associated with innovation pipelines. It analyzes how innovation has evolved to assert itself in the form of tangible, measurable tools and methods at every phase of the innovation process. This lead article identifies the emergence of a new age of tools for computer-aided artefact creation and
Understanding confinement from deconfinement

We use effective magnetic SU(N) pure gauge theory with cutoff M and fixed gauge coupling g{sub m} to calculate the nonperturbative magnetic response in the deconfined phase of SU(N) Yang-Mills theory. We obtain the response to an external closed loop of electric current by reinterpreting and regulating the calculation of the one loop effective potential in Yang-Mills theory. This effective potential gives rise to a color magnetic charge density, the counterpart in the deconfined phase of color magnetic currents introduced in effective dual superconductor theories of the confined phase via magnetically charged Higgs fields. The resulting spatial Wilson loop has area law behavior. Using values of M and g{sub m} determined in the confined phase, we find SU(3) spatial string tensions compatible with lattice simulations in the temperature interval 1.5T{sub c}<T<2.5T{sub c}. Use of the effective theory to analyze experiments on heavy ion collisions will provide applications and further tests of these ideas.
Bonding of monocarboxylic acids, monophenols and nonpolar compounds onto goethite.

Adsorption of a diverse set of chemicals onto goethite was evaluated by column chromatography. The pH of the effluents was 4.7-5.2. Van der Waals forces dominate the exothermic adsorption of 8 nonpolar compounds (e.g., PAHs and chlorobenzenes). H-bonding is responsible for the adsorption of 32 monocarboxylic acids (i.e., benzoic acids, naphthoic acids and acidic pharmaceuticals) and their adsorption tends to be endothermic. Steric effects significantly decreased the bonding of monocarboxylic acids with ortho-substitutions. Exothermic adsorption of 10 monophenols is controlled by weak H-bonding. Bonding of these 50 solutes onto goethite is totally reversible. In contrast, inner-sphere complexation of phthalic acid and chlortetracycline with goethite occurred according to their low desorption ratio (1.1%-54.4%). Polyparameter linear free energy relationship (PP-LFER) models were established to provide acceptable fitting results of the goethite-solute distribution coefficients (RMSE = 0.32 and 0.30 at 25 °C and 5 °C, respectively). It is worthy to note that steric effects must be considered to get a better prediction for compounds with ortho-substitutions.
Aportes de la propuesta filosófica-antropológica de Rudolf Allers para el planteamiento de una psicología integral

Describe and analyze the principles proposed by Dr Rudolf Allers, for the development of an integral psychology of the human being.  A theoretical review whose units of analysis were theoretical articles and books by Rudolf Allers, originating from research in data bases and local libraries. The sources for the analysis of theological anthropology are key texts from the teachings of the Church.  Current studies have demonstrated the low level of consideration on the part of contemporary psychology for spiritual reality in the explanation of psychological health and the human experience in general. This research-based evidence seems to indicate discrimination towards the spiritual dimension in the professional spheres of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the psychologists who work according to the guidelines of this association.  A firm and consistent effort is reflected in the works of Allers to contribute to the
Energy efficiency and the environment: Innovative ways to improve air quality in the Los Angeles Basin

This paper focuses on novel, innovative approaches for reducing or delaying the production of photochemical smog in the Los Angeles Basin. These approaches include modifying the surface characteristics of the basin by increasing surface albedo and an extensive tree-planting program. The changes in surface conditions are designed to reduce the basin air temperatures, especially during the summer months, which will result in two possible effects. First, a decrease in temperature would lead to a reduction in energy use with an associated decline in emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO[sub x]) and a lowering of evaporative emission of reactive organic gases. Reductions in these smog precursors could improve the air quality of the basin without imposing additional emissions regulations. The second effect is associated with the possible causal relationship between air temperature and smog formation (i.e., lower temperatures and lower incidence of smog). Since this approach to mitigating air emissions is broad, the studies to date have concentrated on how changes in surface characteristics affect the meteorological conditions of the basin and on how these meteorological changes subsequently affect smog production. A geographic information system database of key surface characteristics (i.e., vegetative cover, albedo, moisture availability, and roughness) was compiled, and these characteristics were evaluated using prognostic meteorological models. The results of two- and three-dimensional meteorological simulations will be presented and discussed in this paper.
From denial to acceptance of sexually offending behaviour: a psychodynamic approach

Offenders who have intellectual disabilities like any one else may deny their offence. This paper reports a case study of a man who admitted his offence and them accepted probation with a condition of treatment. However, when he attended treatment he denied the offence. Thus do those providing treatment send them back into the criminal justice system or work with them try and help them accept what they have done and provide appropriate treatment to help them reduce future risk of offending.  In this case study the assimilation model was used to understand the process of change and monitor change through exploratory psychotherapy. The psychotherapeutic model was psychodymnamic.  The client demonstrated gains through the stages of the model toward acceptance of his problematic behaviour and continued to work on this through further psychotherapy.  The assimilation model offers a useful approach to monitor change in psychotherapy; but especi...
The Maps of Carsten Niebuhr: 200 Years After

AbstractThis is an account of the cartographic work which resulted from a Danish expedition to Arabia in the seventeen-sixties. Niebuhr was one of those early travellers who made a serious attempt to record systematically the geographical facts about the places he visited, producing both small-scale general maps of Arabia, Egypt, Syria, etc., and town plans of important cities such as Cairo and Baghdad. His work constitutes a remarkable attempt to accomplish some precise mapping in what was then a virtually unmapped part of the world.