nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Economic Metaphors, Behavioralism, and Political Theory: Some Observations On the Ideological Uses of Language

rT -HE IMPORTANCE of metaphorical language in structuring a political theory, though generally recognized, is a subject little discussed in the literature of political science.' Virtually every history of political philosophy cites Plato as an illustrative example of this relationship. His references to the expertise of the ship captain, the physician, the horse trainer, etc., are but poetic expressions of basic presuppositions about political reality which characterize Plato's substantive political thought. Yet, while the role of metaphor finds an established place in the history of political thought, its applicability as a way of understanding contemporary political thought is much more suspect. Doubtless, the roots for this negative attitude toward the use of metaphorical language to support or express political ideas extends at least as far back as Hobbes. Metaphors, he proclaimed in the Leviathan, are to be "utterly excluded" from "all rigorous search of truth."2 Despite the fact that Hobbes himself made extensive use of metaphor in the elaboration of his own political theory, he maintained that the application of the principles of science to politics did not require the use of "deceptive" language, which he attributed to the theologically centered political theories advanced by his contemporaries.3 More recently, of course, the application of positivistic standards to the use of language, the influence of Ayer, Weldon, and others have continued the effort to circumscribe the employment of metaphors within political science. It is not part of my purpose in this essay to provide even the briefest history of this methodological attitude with respect to metaphorical language. I mention it only to indicate its general predominance within the discipline and as part of any explanation as to why a relationship so obvious to understanding the meaning of a political theory receives so little attention in the literature of contemporary political science. In addition to the philosophical criticism of metaphorical language as a way of formulating a political theory, there is a recognition that language is or can be a persuasive instrument for mobilizing people to take political action. This is a much-discussed issue in the history of political philosophy, and constitutes one of the major points of Socrates' critique of the Sophists. But here again, Hobbes is a figure of some importance, since he associates the tendency to employ metaphorical language not only with political deception, but, more importantly, with the making of a revolution.4 This tendency, to link metaphor, ideology, and revolutionary political objectives, which, I believe, constitutes the ultimate sociopolitical standard for the modern negative attitude toward such language, has its origins
Effect of Re element on oxidation resistance of Ni3Al-Mo based alloys at 1150 °C

The isothermal oxidation behaviors of three kinds of Ni 3 Al-Mo based alloys at 1150 °C were studied. The morphology, structure and element distribution of oxide scales of the alloys were researched by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. The research results show that there are three oxide layers, an outer layer of NiO, an intermediate layer mainly composed of NiO, NiAl 2 O 4 and a small amount of NiMoO 4 , and an inner layer of NiAl 2 O 4 and Al 2 O 3 . Re element was mainly distributed in the intermediate layer, which plays a role as “diffusion barrier” in the process of oxidation, and effectively reduces the diffusion rate of Al and Mo elements outward and diffusion rate of O element inward. As a result, a Al-rich oxide layer formed in the inner layer inhibits the growth of oxide layer and improves the oxidation resistance of the alloy.
The study of history

Table of content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Editions of this work .  1 livres (13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Documents about this work . . 2 Documents about the work A study of history (1934) / Arnold Toynbee (1889-1975) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Pages in data.bnf.fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Related authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 This page in data.bnf.fr lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Sources and references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Link to the main catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Variants of the title
Neoclassical and Institutional Economics as Foundations for Human Resource Development Theory

In an effort to more comprehensively understand economics as a foundation of human resource development (HRD), this article reviews economic theories and models pertinent to HRD research and theory building. By examining neoclassical and neoinstitutional schools of contemporary economics, especially the screening model and the internal labor market theory, it is argued that economic theories not only provide a foundation but also have important implications to HRD theory, research, and practice. Broadening research directions may be fruitful and provocative in expanding HRD’s theoretical base as well as practical applications in organizations.
Efficient Verification of Concurrent Programs Over TSO Memory Model

We address the problem of efficient verification of multi-threaded programs running over Total Store Order (TSO) memory model. It has been shown that even with finite data domain programs, the complexity of control state reachability under TSO is non-primitive recursive. In this paper, we first present a bounded-buffer verification approach wherein a bound on the size of buffers is placed; verification is performed incrementally by increasing the size of the buffer with each iteration of the verification procedure until the said bound is reached. For programs operating on finite data domains, we also demonstrate the existence of a buffer bound k such that if the program is safe under that bound, then it is also safe for unbounded buffers. We have implemented this technique in a tool ProofTraPar. Our results against memorax , a state-of-the-art sound and complete verifier for TSO memory model, have been encouraging.
Design and Implementation of a Combinatorial Optimization Multi-population Meta-heuristic for Solving Vehicle Routing Problems

This paper aims to give a presentation of the PhD defended by Eneko Osaba on November 16th, 2015, at the University of Deusto. The thesis can be placed in the field of artificial intelligence. Specifically, it is related with multi- population meta-heuristics for solving vehicle routing problems. The dissertation was held in the main auditorium of the University, in a publicly open presentation. After the presentation, Eneko was awarded with the highest grade (cum laude). Additionally, Eneko obtained the PhD obtaining award granted by the Basque Government through.
Puzzling robust 2D metallic conductivity in undoped β-Ga2O3 thin films

Here, we report the analogy of an extremely stable topological-like ultra-wide bandgap insulator, a solid that is a pure insulator in its bulk but has a metallic conductive surface, presenting a two-dimensional conductive channel at its surface that challenges our current thinking about semiconductor conductivity engineering. Nominally undoped epitaxial β -Ga 2 O 3 thin films without any detectable defect (after a range of state-of-the-art techniques) showed the unexpectedly low resistivity of 3 × 10 −2  Ωcm which was found to be also resistant to high dose proton irradiation (2 MeV, 5 × 10 15 cm −2 dose) and was largely invariant (metallic) over the phenomenal temperature range of 2 K up to 850 K. The unique resilience and stability of the electrical properties under thermal and highly ionizing radiation stressing, combined with the extended transparency range (thanks to the ultra-wide bandgap) and the already known toughness under high electrical field could open up new perspectives for use as expanded spectral range transparent electrodes (e.g., for UV harvesting solar cells or UV LEDs/lasers) and robust Ohmic contacts for use in extreme environments/applications and for novel optoelectronic and power device concepts.
Planning redirection techniques for optimal free walking experience using model predictive control

RedirectedWalking (RDW) is a technique that allows exploring immersive virtual environments by real walking in a small physical room. RDW employs so-called redirection techniques (RETs) to manipulate the user's real world trajectory in such a way that he remains within the boundaries of the physical room. Different RETs were suggested and evaluated in the past. In addition, steering algorithms were proposed that apply a limited set of RETs to redirect a user away from the physical room's boundaries. Within this paper, a generalized approach to planning and applying RETs is presented. It is capable of dynamically selecting suitable RETs and also controlling parameters like their strengths. The problem of steering a user in a small physical room using RETs is formulated as an optimal control problem. This allows applying an efficient probabilistic planning algorithm to maximize the free walking experience. The proposed algorithm uses a map of the virtual environment to continuously determine the optimal RET that has to be applied next. The suggested algorithm is evaluated within a user study and compared to a state-of-the-art steering algorithm. Results show that for the given virtual environment, it is able to reduce the number of collisions with the room boundaries by 41 % and furthermore reduces the amount of applied redirections significantly.
History helping the civil engineering programs

This work is the result of the fortunate encounter of a historical research and engineering. It is about the aspects of engineering in the building of a city in the 1960's - Praia Grande and the necessity of providing proper and good internship for students of some engineering schools in a region. These two facts have resulted in a very deep analysis of the regional building market and a structured project that has been developed for two years now with the objective to get for the students of civil engineering programs internships with real value.
Lectures on Duflo Isomorphisms in Lie Algebra and Complex Geometry

Duflo isomorphism first appeared in Lie theory and representation theory. It is an isomorphism between invariant polynomials of a Lie algebra and the center of its universal enveloping algebra, generalizing the pioneering work of Harish-Chandra on semi-simple Lie algebras. Later on, Duflo’s result was refound by Kontsevich in the framework of deformation quantization, who also observed that there is a similar isomorphism between Dolbeault cohomology of holomorphic polyvector fields on a complex manifold and its Hochschild cohomology. The present book, which arose from a series of lectures by the first author at ETH, derives these two isomorphisms from a Duflo-type result for Q-manifolds. 
 
All notions mentioned above are introduced and explained in the book, the only prerequisites being basic linear algebra and differential geometry. In addition to standard notions such as Lie (super)algebras, complex manifolds, Hochschild and Chevalley–Eilenberg cohomologies, spectral sequences, Atiyah and Todd classes, the graphical calculus introduced by Kontsevich in his seminal work on deformation quantization is addressed in details. 
 
The book is well-suited for graduate students in mathematics and mathematical physics as well as for researchers working in Lie theory, algebraic geometry and deformation theory.
Real-Time Fair Resource Allocation in Distributed Software Defined Networks

The performance of computer networks relies on how bandwidth is shared among different flows. Fair resource allocation is a challenging problem particularly when the flows evolve over time. To address this issue, bandwidth sharing techniques that quickly react to the traffic fluctuations are of interest, especially in large scale settings with hundreds of nodes and thousands of flows. In this context, we propose a distributed algorithm based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) that tackles the fair resource allocation problem in a distributed SDN control architecture. Our ADMM-based algorithm continuously generates a sequence of resource allocation solutions converging to the fair allocation while always remaining feasible, a property that standard primal-dual decomposition methods often lack. Thanks to the distribution of all computer intensive operations, we demonstrate that we can handle large instances in real-time.
Normalization by realizability also evaluates

For those of us that generally live in the world of syntax, semantic 
proof methods such as realizability or logical relations / 
parametricity sometimes feel like magic. Why do they work? At which 
point in the proof is "the real work" done? 
 
Bernardy and Lasson express realizability and parametricity models as 
syntactic model -- but the abstraction/adequacy theorems are still 
explained as meta-level proofs. Hoping to better understand the proof 
technique, we look at those theorems as programs themselves. How does 
a normalization proof using realizability actually computes those 
normal forms? 
 
This detective work is an early stage and we propose a first attempt 
in a simple setting. Instead of arbitrary Pure Type Systems, we use 
the minimal negative propositional logic (arrows only). Instead of 
starting from the simply-typed lambda-calculus, we work on 
sequent-style terms in a simple subset of the Curien-Herbelin 
L calculus.
Compassion: Learning and Doing

The Compassion Project was developed at parochial schools in Germany in response to the observed loss of solidarity in our society. Through social practicums, students taking part in the project have opportunities to encounter people who are reliant on the help of others in kindergartens, hospitals, workshops for the disabled, nursing homes and so on. In these encounters, pro-social attitudes such as helpfulness, communication, cooperation and solidarity are encouraged. Within the theoretical framework explicitly set out and discussed in the article, an action-research based study design was developed. Participatory observation was used as the method for gathering data, and grounded theory was used for data analysis, with the aim of providing answers to the following question: Can the Compassion Project that has been piloted above all for high school (Gymnasium) students at Roman Catholic schools in Germany, and in particular the practical portion consisting of a social practicum, be implemented under empirically controlled conditions at a state middle school? If so, what adaptations need to be made to adapt the project to this population, and how can the insights gained from this research be applied to further developing the project? The article presents a selection of results from the study, along with evaluation and perspectives for further study and reflection.
Laterite geochemistry applied to diamond exploration in the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia

This paper describes an exploration programme based on regional laterite sampling (1 to 9 km spacing) aimed at locating geochemical anomalies of kimberlite pipes. Orientation studies at the Aries pipe, Western Australia, and several pipes in the Coromandel area in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, demonstrated that lateritic residuum on kimberlite reflects the characteristic geochemical signature of the bedrock. Data interpretation by identifying and ranking geochemical anomalies of alkaline ultramafic rocks in regional multi-element datasets was done using univariate and multivariate statistics. These techniques can also test the datasets for other mineral occurrences, such as rare metals. Although this study did not locate a kimberlite pipe, regional geochemical sampling identified an area (46 Gate Road anomaly near Lake Brown) in the northern Merredin region where lateritic ferruginous materials appear to have formed on mafic–ultramafic alkaline bedrock, possibly an ultramafic lamprophyre that had not previously been recognized. Other regional geochemical features identified by this study, and yet to be followed up, include a Ta–Sn–Nb anomaly SE of Meekatharra, a Ni–Cu–Zn–Co anomaly in an area NE of Lake Barlee, an As–Cr–Sb–(Ni–Co–Mn–Mg) anomaly east of the Youanmi greenstone belt, and a Mg–Cr–Co anomaly in the very southern part of the survey area. The deeply weathered terrains of the Yilgarn Craton and adjacent Proterozoic belts in Western Australia present difficult environments for diamond exploration and to date no economic diamond pipes have been found in the Yilgarn Craton. With the exception of diamond and chromite, indicator minerals are destroyed through intense weathering, with very short dispersion trails of any remaining minerals in a dominantly low-relief landscape. The use of aeromagnetic data is limited by deep weathering causing noisy magnetic backgrounds in areas with preserved lateritic residuum due to contained maghemite. Additional problems arise from variably magnetic granites and gneisses, and greenstone remnants within them. Electromagnetic techniques are often adversely affected by highly conductive overburden. Laterite geochemistry applied within a regolith–landform framework has the potential to be a complementary technique for diamond exploration in deeply weathered terrain. It can be used to test geophysical targets in areas with a preserved lateritic mantle and to explore for pipes that may have obscure geophysical signatures. Orientation studies, using ferruginous gravels and duricrust formed on alkaline ultramafic and ultramafic rocks, show characteristic geochemical signatures with a halo about three times larger than the pipe itself due to mechanical and hydromorphic dispersion within the regolith.
Geological education for undergraduate civil engineers

I would like to offer the following comment, for publication. Most Civil Engineering Departments provide for a service course to be given by a Geology Department early in the civil engineers training with a view to teaching the elements of geology and it is fitting that such a course should be given by a geology department who are best able to introduce their subject. This is geology for engineers, not engineering geology and forms a useful introduction to soil mechanics which should follow. Applications such as site investigation, problems with dams, water, foundations etc. should be left until late in the course when they can be appreciated and should only be given by those staff members who have some real training or experience in these matters. One is often irked by an attitude sometimes shown by geologists that geology has something to offer civil engineering (which it has) but civil engineering has nothing to offer geology. Until geologists as a part of their training take some courses in soil mechanics, rock mechanics and fluid mechanics, which are available in civil engineering departments we will tend to have geologists who say ‘what do the engineers want?’ I would also deprecate an attitude which regards an engineering geologist as a ‘middle man’, rather engineering geology is a subject in its own right which should develop its own theory and expertise in the same way that soil mechanics has been developed. In conclusion the paper is interesting as it shows an awareness of
The hydration of 1-aryl-3,3,3-trifluoropropynes and some other phenylacetylenes in sulfuric acid. An excess acidity analysis

The excess acidity method has been used to analyse the hydration kinetics of the phenylacetylenes Y-C6H4-C≡C-Z in aqueous sulfuric acid mixtures; Z = CF3 (1), H (2), COC6H4-X (3), and CO2H (4). All substrates gave acetophenone-type products consistent with the normal hydration mechanism involving rate-determining vinyl cation formation. Standard-state log k0 intercepts, and m≠m* slopes, were both used in linear free energy relationship plots against the substituent σ+ values. Solvent isotope effects and activation parameters were obtained in some cases. The deactivating Z substituents in 1, 3, and 4 all cause reaction to be some 100 times slower than that of the parent phenylacetylene 2. Compounds 2,3, and 4 all have ρ+ values of about −3.8, but 1 is more substituent sensitive, with a ρ+ of −5.3. A σ+ value of 0.38 is calculated for the CF3C≡C substituent. The ρ+ values were found to be acidity independent for 1 and 2, and probably for 3, but not for 4. Proton transfer at the transition state was found to...
Informal Care Time and Cost in a Large Clinical Trial Sample of Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: Determinants and Level of Change Observed

IntroductionWe evaluate the association between caregiver (informal) time/cost and illness severity from two recently completed clinical trials of an investigational drug for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodsChanges from baseline caregiver time were calculated and treatment effects analyzed using a restricted maximum likelihood-based mixed model for repeated measures. Four separate models were then estimated to examine the association between caregiver time costs and the clinical endpoints measured during the trials, including cognition (MMSE), function (DAD), behavior (NPI), global disability (CDR) and dependence (DS).ResultsCaregiver time cost was significantly associated with all clinical measures of illness severity with a 1-unit change in MMSE, DAD, NPI, CDR and DS associated with a 11.57%, 4.81–4.97%, 3.58–3.67%, 42.52% and 71.05% change, respectively, in primary caregiver time cost. The association between caregiver time cost and DS was the strongest of all the associations examined.ConclusionCaregiver time costs increase with increasing AD severity in all key domains of AD (cognition, function, behavior, global disability and dependence on others). Our analysis demonstrated that patient dependence is a particularly important predictor of caregiver time costs and should be considered as a potential outcome measure in intervention clinical trials in AD.FundingPfizer Inc. and Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research and Development.