nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Religion, Politics, and Prehistory

This article illustrates the dangers of mixing religious certitudes and political activities with the study of the remote prehistoric past by critically reviewing the works of one of the 20th century’s most prolific and (once) influential prehistorians, Oswald Menghin. Menghin’s reconstructions of the past were inspired by a moral crusade against the perceived evils of materialist evolutionism, an agenda that during the 1930s assumed an explicitly political dimension consistent with Nazi ideology. His subsequent exile to Argentina was not a simple retreat to a safe haven but an opportunity for him to confirm a universal world history extending back into the Palaeolithic that purported to link major cultural developments in the New World with earlier developments in the Old. Menghin’s theories, which today appear dated and mistaken, were once widely accepted and developed by scholars of the Vienna culture‐historical school of ethnography, one of the main theoretical sources for culture‐historical archaeolo...
Shot By Both Sides: Art-Science And The War Between Science And The Humanities

There is a fundamental philosophical split between the modern culture of science and the postmodern culture of the humanities. This cultural estrangement is, among other things, the underlying cause for the lack of acceptance of art-science and technology-based art in the mainstream art world. However, in the last two decades the study of complexity has introduced a revolution across the sciences. It is suggested here that complexity thinking can be extended to usher in a revolution in the humanities as well. The apparently irreconcilable world views of modernism and postmodernism can be subsumed and unified by a new synthesis called complexism. And artists working on the complexity frontier can serve a key role in helping to bring this about.
Burial and thermal history of Proterozoic source rocks in Oman

A geological and thermal history of the Proterozoic sedimentary basin in Oman was reconstructed to determine the time of hydrocarbon generation from the Proterozoic Huqf Group source rocks. Data from 97 exploration wells, and supplementary seismic reflection profiles were used to establish the burial graphs for the source rocks at all 97 locations. The overburden removed during formation of regional unconformities was estimated from regional geological data, compaction trends, and fission track analyses. The thermal history was reconstructed on the basis of present-day temperature data in the wells, heat flow models, and the palaeo surface temperature history. The calculated present-day surface heat flow map shows very low values (35–40 mW/m 2 ) over the basin axis, while on the edges the values are in the range 55–65 mW/m 2 . The results of the maturity calculations show that in northwest Oman oil generation occurred mainly during the Mesozoic, and that probably a large proportion of the traps in which reserves have been discovered was formed just before the last oil generation phase. However, in the central and southeastern part of the country hydrocarbon generation stopped about 400 Ma ago. This is due to the maximum burial temperature being reached at around that time. Considering the fact that almost all traps in which reserves have been located are significantly younger than the time of oil generation, one has to invoke processes of remigration to explain the oil occurrences. The geological data from Oman show that the eastern margin of the country, presently facing the Arabian Sea has been a high for most of its Phanerozoic history. The data on quantities of eroded and deposited sediments lend support for the theory that the margin was formed by a transform fault.
A Multiparty Multi-session Logic

Recent work on the enhancement of multiparty sessions types with logical annotations enables not only the validation of structural properties of the conversations and on the sorts of the messages, but also the validation of properties on the actual values exchanged. However, the specification and verification of the mutual effects of multiple cross-session interactions is still an open problem. We introduce a multiparty logical proof system with virtual states that enables the tractable specification and validation of fine-grained inter-session correctness properties of processes participating in several interleaved sessions. We present a sound and relatively complete static verification method.
Symbolic Dynamic Filtering and Language Measure for Behavior Identification of Mobile Robots

This paper presents a procedure for behavior identification of mobile robots, which requires limited or no domain knowledge of the underlying process. While the features of robot behavior are extracted by symbolic dynamic filtering of the observed time series, the behavior patterns are classified based on language measure theory. The behavior identification procedure has been experimentally validated on a networked robotic test bed by comparison with commonly used tools, namely, principal component analysis for feature extraction and Bayesian risk analysis for pattern classification.
The effect of vascular disease on late onset Parkinson's disease.

The clinical severity of late onset Parkinson's disease (PD) varies from patient to patient and it is further complicated by the increasing prevalence of accompanying disorders in the elderly. We set out to study the impact of ischemic heart disease, minor stroke, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in a group of late onset PD patients (age >or=70 years). Consecutive late onset PD patients seen in the Department of Neurology, Medical School of Patras, Greece were included in this study. We used very strict criteria to eliminate the possibility of including patients with vascular parkinsonism. Comparisons were made between groups of patients suffering with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and the above-mentioned diseases. One hundred and sixty-seven consecutive late onset PD patients were included in this study. The most common accompanying disorders in our group were hypertension in 31 (18%) of the patients and minor stroke in 20 (12%). The Hoen and Yahr score in late onset IPD patients who suffered from minor stroke, ischemic heart disease or diabetes mellitus was significantly higher when compared with patients without the above disorders. The results clearly suggest that the presence of vascular disease on an IPD patient may aggravate PD severity. In clinical grounds, these findings can be proved significant since early and aggressive prevention of vascular disease and treatment of vascular risk may contribute in controlling symptom severity in PD.
Resolution and pebbling games

We define a collection of Prover-Delayer games to characterise some subsystems of propositional resolution. We give some natural criteria for the games which guarantee lower bounds on the resolution width. By an adaptation of the size-width tradeoff for resolution of  this result also gives lower bounds on proof size. 
 
We also use games to give upper bounds on proof size, and in particular describe a good strategy for the Prover in a certain game which yields a short refutation of the Linear Ordering principle. 
 
Using previous ideas we devise a new algorithm to automatically generate resolution refutations. On bounded width formulas, our algorithm is as least as good as the width based algorithm of . Moreover, it finds short proofs of the Linear Ordering principle when the variables respect a given order. 
 
Finally we approach the question of proving that a formula F is hard to refute if and only if is “almost” satisfiable. We prove results in both directions when “almost satisfiable” means that it is hard to distuinguish F from a satisfiable formula using limited pebbling games.
Thermal Diffusion Kinetics Study of Dendritic Segregation in ER50-6 Billets

Dendritic segregation morphology locating at different cross sections of ER50-6 casting billets was observed by using electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA), and thermal diffusion experiments were carried out to study the diffusion behavior of C and Mn elements. The effects of heating time on the segregation and diffusion distance of C and Mn elements were discussed through diffusion equations. Results show that the distribution of C and Mn elements is heterogeneous in the ER50-6 continuous casting slab under the condition of conventional solidification, and the interdendritc segregation of Mn element is obvious. Both the experiments and the diffusion equations reveal that it is possible to make C element homogeneous after heating at 1 000 ℃ for 36 min. However, it only slightly reduces the segregation of Mn element during the heating process. That is to say, it is impossible to eliminate the segregation of Mn completely only through thermal diffusion in practice.
Progress Report on the ACM Guide to Computing Literature

i,  The ACM Guide to Computing Literature (colloquially called Guide YY) is an important reference tool. Published annually, Guide contains thousands of bibliographic citations and numerous indexes covering a given year (Guide 19YY covers the computing literature appearing in year 19YY}. It complements but is significantly different from Computing Reviews (CR). Any item that has been reviewed in CR is automatically included in Guide together with a pointer to the review, but Guide includes listings of about seven times as many items as are reviewed in CR. In summary, to be described in more detail later, Guide provides literature citations while CR provides literature reviews. Today, we are in the position of just publishing Guide 81. The reasons for this delay are discussed in Section 2. In June 1983, the ACM Publications Board asked for a plan to restore Guide to a timely schedule and show the financial implications. We developed this plan during the summer of 1983 and submitted it to the Publications Board at its October 1983 meeting. They accepted the plan, as did the ACM Executive Committee. The Editor-in-Chief of Communications, who felt that Guide is not well-known or understood by the ACM
Hart Crane and T.S. Eliot on the Modern City

It is a commonplace in literary criticism that the twentieth century North American writer views the city as destructive of human values. Not since William Dean Howells and Henry James have important American authors been able to reconcile successfully a positive philosophy with the conditions of urban life. Some of the apparent thematic contradictions in Hart Crane's The Bridge (1930) arise from his attempt to accomplish just this. With T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land (1922) and its denunciation of the "Unreal City" prominently in his mind during the composition of The Bridge, Crane still felt that he could reconcile the city with a basically optimistic view of American life. Differences between his conception of the city as expressed in "Atlantis", the section of The Bridge completed first, and in "The Tunnel" and "Cape Hatteras", written much later, suggest that while working on the poem Crane was approaching the disillusionment he mentioned in a February 19, 1931letter to Waldo Frank: "Present day America seems a long way off from the destiny I fancied when I wrote [The Bridge] "
Optical study on electronic transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes at high temperature.

The transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) above room temperature are studied in this work. The infrared optical properties of SWNTs were investigated to clarify their conduction mechanism at high temperature. We present reflectivity spectra of SWNT mats in the infrared region between 0.08 eV and 0.8 eV under Ar gas flow at temperatures between 330 K and 840 K. These spectra have the typical appearance of the metallic reflectivity. Examination within the framework of the Drude-Lorentz model was performed to work out the electric resistivity for each reflectivity spectrum. It was found that the resistivity of SWNTs increases superlinearly with increasing the temperature from 330 K to 690 K, which can be explained by the quasi-1D metallic term model very well. However, the resistivity at higher temperatures than 690 K exhibited the tendency of saturation and deviated from the quasi-1D metallic term model. This behavior could be attributed to the thermal excitation of free carriers in the semiconducting SWNTs included in the mats.
Report on airmagnetic surveys of two areas in the Kenya rift valley ag

Airmagnetic surveys have been carried out in two areas within the Kenya Rift system: the Lake Magadi region and the region south of Lake Hannington. In both regions, but particularly in the area south of Lake Hannington, NW-SE trending magnetic anomalies stand out clearly. The source of these anomalies is considered to be in the deeper earth's crust beneath the rift zone. At present no explanation for the anomalies can be offered. There is no convincing evidence from the magnetic data for the occurrence of extended intrusive bodies in the upper part of the earth's crust beneath the rift floor.
A Ubiquitous Care-Support Service based on Agent-oriented Multiple-Context Coordination

This paper presents a gentle system for supervising care-support services that fulfill users' actual requirements based on their physical locations and statuses of system components in ubiquitous computing environments. To address issues of traditional supervisory systems based only on location information and the situation of one side of the watching site or the watched site, we consider all the detailed situations (contexts) of associated entities such as devices, software, networks, and users, in both sides, in addition to the users' physical locations. We propose a ubiquitous supervision system called uEyes to realize this. We introduce an autonomous decision making ability and cooperative behavior to each entity in uEyes, based on agentbased computing technologies. Using advanced features of the entities, live video streaming systems for watching over people can be constructed autonomously according to the multiple contexts of the entities, on both sides in runtime. We implemented a prototype system of uEyes for watching over elderly people, and performed some experiments based on several scenarios. For instance, we assumed a scenario in which a son, who is caring for his ailing father, needs to see his father's facial color and expression with high-quality video. For that purpose, a live video streaming system involving a high-resolution camera and a display device was autonomously configured in run-time. We confirmed that supervision services that fulfill detailed users' requirements can be provided effectively.
Risk factors for hospital admission among older persons with newly diagnosed heart failure: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study.

This study sought to identify risk factors for the occurrence of all-cause hospital admissions among older persons after heart failure diagnosis, and to determine whether geriatric conditions would emerge as independent risk factors for admission when evaluated in the context of other relevant clinical data.



Efforts to reduce costs in heart failure have focused on hospital utilization, yet few studies have examined how geriatric conditions affect the long-term risk for hospital admission after heart failure diagnosis. With the aging of the population with heart failure, geriatric conditions such as slow gait and muscle weakness are becoming increasingly common.



The study population included participants with a new diagnosis of heart failure in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a longitudinal study of community-living older persons. Data were collected through annual examinations and medical-record reviews. Geriatric conditions assessed were slow gait, muscle weakness (defined as weak grip), cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms. Anderson-Gill regression modeling was used to determine the predictors of hospital admission after heart failure diagnosis.



Of the 758 participants with a new diagnosis of heart failure, the mean rate of hospital admission was 7.9 per 10 person-years (95% CI: 7.4 to 8.4). Independent risk factors for hospital admission included diabetes mellitus (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.64), New York Heart Association functional class III or IV (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.57), chronic kidney disease (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.53), slow gait (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.55), depressed ejection fraction (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.51), depression (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.45), and muscle weakness (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.42).



Geriatric conditions are important, and potentially modifiable, risk factors for hospital admission in heart failure that should be routinely assessed at the time of heart failure diagnosis.
The Small Seeds of Innovation

What was it like in post-war Britain, before the arrival of the modern computer? How, in particular, did organisations carry out calculations and tabulations, analyses and predictions, before high-speed electronics came to their aid? When, in 1948, a small university research group came up with ideas for a new kind of computing machine, why did the government get excited and give the Ferranti engineering company a contract to turn the university prototype into a large production computer capable of solving problems of strategic importance to the nation? In this chapter we describe the seeds of innovation that bore fruit in the Manchester area, starting with a lively interaction between a small group of academics and an unsuspecting electrical engineering company founded seventy years previously. On the way, we cover the history of the Ferranti company and introduce the Ministry of Supply as the government organisation most interested in helping Ferranti take an early lead in computer manufacture.
Transcending the theory-practice problem of technology

Design activities are fundamental to technological progress. Current design research holds tight to positivism, abandoned and critically opposed to by philosophers, mostly those outside the U.S. Maintaining the positivist view when conducting research leads to significant deficiencies in the quality of research, and to problems in transferring research results to practice. In spite of significant research efforts, the improvement of practice is slow. This improvement, in turn, does not necessarily reflects the diffusion of research results into practice, but rather, the development of ideas by practitioners. This paper analyzes this theory-practice problem of technology from practical, cultural, and philosophical perspectives. It proposes a research methodology of design and briefly shows how this methodology can shed light on some problems related to technology. The paper also discusses the fundamental role of design in technology, thereby viewing the research methodology proposed as a methodology for studying some aspects of technology. University Libraries Carnegie Melhn University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
Algebraic combinatorics of diametric magic circles

We provide a definition of a diametric magic circle of order n. In this paper, we use techniques in computational algebraic combinatorics and enumerative geometry to construct and to count d-magic circles. We also provide a description of its minimal Hilbert basis and determine the symmetry operations on d-magic circles. Finally, we give an algorithm for writing a natural d-magic circle in terms of the minimal Hilbert basis.
Diffraction, microstructure and thermal stability analysis in a double phase nanocrystalline Al20Mg20Ni20Cr20Ti20 high entropy alloy

An effort has been made to develop a new composition of AlMgNiCrTi high entropy alloy (HEA) with a distinct properties includes squat density, intense strength and hardness, superior corrosion resistance, better oxidation resistance, high temperature resistance, fatigue load and crack resistance to congregate the necessity of aircraft applications. The equivalent atomic percentage for the above defined composition is established using analytical correlation for molar and atom renovation by trial and error method. The alloy is synthesized by powder metallurgy technique through mechanical alloying. Succeeding to mechanical alloying it is elucidated that the metal powder is primarily composed of single BCC solid solution with crystallite magnitude <10 nm. It is also observed that the alloy is thermally stable at prominent temperature about 800°C as it is retained its nanostructure which was revealed using differential scanning caloriemetry (DSC). This alloy powder was consolidated and sintered using spark plasma sintering at 800°C with 50 Mpa pressure to a density of 98.83%. Subsequent to sintering, Titanium carbide FCC phase evolved along with the BCC phase. The alloying behavior and phase transformation were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The homogeneity of the composition is confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The hardness of the alloy is found to be 710 ± 20 HV. The evolutions of the phases and hardness imply that this alloy is apposite for both high strength and high temperature applications.
Transforming Holiness: Representations of Holiness in English and American Literary Texts.

This fascinating collection of essays addresses the question of how holiness has been represented in English and American literary texts from early saints' lives to the poetry of the mid-twentieth century. The interaction of spiritual ideals with the creative and often worldly imagination is examined in the work of writers as varied as George Herbert, Harriet Beecher Stowe and D.H. Lawrence. The range of genres discussed includes not only devotional poetry and apparently secular prose fiction, but also political ballads, personal conduct books and congregational psalms and hymns. Holiness is set in relation to vital issues such as creativity, gender, Romanticism, translation and visual culture. Together the essays reveal the full meaning of the title of the collection: that holiness, a transforming force, has transformed itself radically as a concept over the centuries, and undergoes dynamic transformation through its expression in literature.
New Angles for Global Software Engineering Research? - Keynote Summary

In the late 1990s the Software Engineering community recognized that there was a problem with delivering global software projects to a high quality in an efficient manner. As a consequence, researchers, in the now ‘Global Software Engineering Research community’, carried out significant studies into GSE problems. But, did we really find what we expected? Did we expect that project delays were due solely to technical software engineering problems? Did we really think that software engineering techniques could resolve all GSE problems? Maybe that is what we expected – but that is not what we found. Of course Software Engineering techniques can solve some of the problems! However, the reality is that many of the issues we now discuss within the GSE community are social and socio-technical. We talk about culture and communication. We consider gender issues. Project management is high on our agenda. And what this portrays is the interdisciplinary nature of GSE research.