nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Ad-Hoc Affectance-Selective Families for Layer Dissemination

Information dissemination protocols for ad-hoc wireless networks frequently use a minimal subset of the available communication links, defining a rooted "“broadcast"” tree. In this work, we focus on the core challenge of disseminating from one layer to the next one of such tree. We call this problem Layer Dissemination. We study Layer Dissemination under a generalized model of interference, called affectance. The affectance model subsumes previous models, such as Radio Network and Signal to Inteference-plus-Noise Ratio. We present randomized and deterministic protocols for Layer Dissemination. These protocols are based on a combinatorial object that we call Affectance-selective Families. Our approach combines an engineering solution with theoretical guarantees. That is, we provide a method to characterize the network with a global measure of affectance based on measurements of interference in the specific deployment area. Then, our protocols distributedly produce an ad-hoc transmissions schedule for dissemination. In the randomized protocol only the network characterization is needed, whereas the deterministic protocol requires full knowledge of affectance. Our theoretical analysis provides guarantees on schedule length. We also present simulations of a real network-deployment area contrasting the perform- ance of our randomized protocol, which takes into account affectance, against previous work for interference models that ignore some physical constraints. The striking improvement in performance shown by our simulations show the importance of utilizing a more physically-accurate model of interference that takes into account other effects beyond distance to transmitters.
The significance of clinical features in the prognosis of acute renal infarction: single center experience

ObjectiveAcute renal infarct (ARI) is a common renovascular disease caused by the abrupt interruption of renal blood flow. Since the presenting symptoms are often non-specific, a major concern in ARI has been prompt diagnosis, and its long-term outcome has never been studied.Materials and methodsFrom January 2000 through to December 2009, adult patients with ARI were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively reviewed their clinical data, and followed them up until July 2011. Renal outcome and all-cause mortality were measured. total of 67 patients were finally enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 56.1 ± 16.4 years, and 52.2% of them were male. Over 76% of patients were identified to have more than one comorbidity and concurrent thromboembolic events occurred in 16.4% of the patients. Although, acute kidney injury (AKI) was present in 40.7% of the patients, long-term renal outcome was relatively good. In all cases, AKI was resolved within a month, and renal loss was found in only one patient. In-hospital mortality was 8.9% and during the median follow-up period of 40.6 months, long-term mortality was 19.7%. Independent risk factors for mortality were age, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction and hematuria [hazard ratio (HR) 1.051, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.008–1.096; HR 3.322, 95% CI 1.119–9.860; HR 9.315, 95% CI 1.555–55.796 and HR 7.745, 95% CI 1.606–37.353, respectively].ConclusionsOur study suggested that in-hospital and long-term outcomes of ARI were closely related to the comorbidities or underlying disease of ARI, rather than the disease itself.
JFDE Special ICAE2018 – Envelope 4.0

Dear Scientists, Engineers, and Designers, 
With this new edition we continue the collaboration with our funding member Tecnalia and the International Congress on Architectural Envelopes (www.icae2018.eu), which  they organise every 3 years in San Sebastian (Basque Country, Spain). 
The eleven articles found in this new issue were carefully selected from 50 abstracts that will be presented during the scientific section of the congress. The final selected papers were subjected to the regular double-blind review process of the journal. 
With this selection of papers, we want to give an overview of the traditional technologies that are normally discussed in the context of facades, while also making some mention of new technologies, which, some time ago, existed only in the realm of the laboratory but which have begun to appear in real buildings and construction in recent years. In fact, the main topic of the conference this year is the Envelope 4.0, and consequently  the aim of the magazine. Under this title, the aim is to unify two elements: the architectural envelope, due to it being the main reason for holding the conference, and the term “Industry 4.0” as a representation of the need to improve the manufacturing, assembly, distribution, and installation processes of many of the products included in today’s envelopes in order to be competitive in the market. 
We hope that with this selection we can provide you with new ideas and possibilities. 
An interesting set of approaches to new technologies is demonstrated (using robotics systems to install facades), new materials for the envelope (biocomposites, smart and multifunctional materials, and new types of membranes), use of BIM from design to manufacturing, 3D printed facades for thermal regulation, solar heating and cooling technologies in the envelope, characterisation of the thermal performance in roof solutions, and numerical and experimental performance assessment of structural thermal bridges. 
In conclusion, we want to thank our special editors, Julen Astudillo and Jose Antonio Chica from Tecnalia, for their effort in making this partnership happen. 
The editors of this special edition, 
Julen Astudillo Jose Antonio Chica Ulrich Knaack Tillmann Klein
Providing manufacturing experiences to industrial engineering students through an extension program

Industrial engineering students at the undergraduate and graduate levels can benefit from participating in industry projects. Capabilities of faculty student teams to complete such projects have been marketed to local industry by an industrial extension program. Several such projects have been completed. The impact of these projects on both the learning of industrial engineering topics by students, and the development of "soft skills" such as communication and teamwork is reported. The model used to solicit and complete such projects is reported, and the lessons learned are presented.
Effects of TiO2 and ZrO2 on optical properties of organic–inorganic hybrid polymers and thin films

TiO2- and ZrO2-doped hybrid polymers were prepared by an anhydrous sol–gel process, and their optical properties were studied. Incorporation of TiO2 and ZrO2 was found useful in promoting sol–gel condensation reactions and reducing the OH absorption and optical losses of the hybrid polymers. The thermo-optic properties of the TiO2- and ZrO2-doped hybrid polymer thin films were measured, and linear functions were observed for the changes in film thickness and refractive index during thermal scanning tests. The photosensitivity of the hybrid materials upon UV irradiation was observed to increase with the increase of the content of TiO2 and ZrO2, and the mechanisms for TiO2 and ZrO2 enhancing the photosensitivity of the hybrid polymers are discussed.
Contruction of call multigraphs revisited

This paperpresentsan algorithm for constructingcall multigraphsfor procedurallanguageprograms. The call graph construction(CGC) problem is analogousto the problem of performing control flow analysis(CFA) of Scheme[Shi88, Shi91b]. As shownlater, this problemis also analogousto the problemof determiningtypes (TD) at specific programpoints for object-orientedlanguages[PS91, PR93, Suz81]. Our CGC algorithm may be easily adaptedto perform CFA and TD. The algorithm is significantsince the CGC, CFA, and TD problems areof fundamentalimportancefor efficient compilationof programsin procedural,functional,andobject-oriented languages,respectively. Pande& Ryder [PR93] haveshownthat the TD problemis NP-hardin the presenceof single-levelpointers. We showthat the CGC problemis analogousto the TD problem. The CGC problemtoo is, therefore,intractable. Any polynomialalgorithmfor it canonly give approximateresults.The algorithmpresentedmakesthe following contributions:
Scientific History as a Teaching Method: The Formative Years

TOWARD the end of the nineteenth century, at a time when history departments and graduate programs were being organized in the leading American colleges and universities, and American historians were founding their first professional associations and journals, something called "scientific history" emerged in the United States. This is a development so familiar to the student of historiography that it seems to require little further discussion. But successfully labelling a phenomenon is by no means equivalent to satisfactorily explaining it, and scientific history, though widely talked about, has yet to be fully understood. The most authoritative analysis to date is to be found in John Higham's History.' Higham explores the philosophy of the scientific historians, their writings, and their place in the historical profession as well as in the larger stream of American culture. He discredits the long-standing myth that the scientific historians thought themselves capable of com-
Unsettling the metaphysics of neo-classical micro-economic and management thinking

Neo-classical economics and management theory is driven by a conception of self and self-interest that is formally expressed as utility maximization. Such theory is increasingly under attack, but not in ways that recognize its Cartesian metaphysical ground as the problem. An exposition of the role of Descartes' dualistic ontology in underwriting the “self” of self-interest suggests new avenues of escape both from the inconsistencies often pointed out between the behavior dictated by utility maximization and that observed in actual experience, and from the problem entailed by trying to analyze business and economic phenomena in ethically neutral ways.
Liberalism, Modernity, and Communal Being

A critical discussion of Toula Nicolacopoulos' 'The Radical Critique of Liberalism'. I analyse her methodology of 'critical reconstructionism' and argue that considerations about the epistemic status of the inquiring practices leading to the formulation of liberal political theory need not affect the viability and desirability of liberal political practice, especially if we adopt a historically-informed realist account of the foundations of liberalism.
Tax Increment Financing in Pakistan

Markets fail in the provision of public goods. Public goods are non-rival and non-exclusive. It creates the problem of free riding. Hence, public goods and infrastructure is often provided by the governments. As discussed in endogenous growth models, the public infrastructure and capital goods can enable the private sector’s production processes to experience increasing returns to scale. This can result in permanent source of economic growth in an economy. Given that public infrastructure is important for economic growth, the issue is how the government of Pakistan can mobilize enough resources to improve the public infrastructure and expand it. We argue that by way of tax increment financing, it can achieve sufficient funds through which the public infrastructure can be provided in urban centers. The rationale for tax increment financing rests on the fact that public infrastructure development leads to positive externalities. If Government owns the unused land which can potentially be used for commercial and residential use, it can lease it on long term basis and generate sufficient lease income. By issuing public securities, it can generate the seed capital and which can be serviced via these lease payments. The seed capital can also come from tax increment financing. This new proposal can help in reducing i) urban congestion, ii) urban crimes, iii) reduce prices of real estate, iv) widen the urban centers, v) generate employment in new urban centers, vi) facilitate closer migration to wide choice of urban centers, vii) create new growth nodes and production zones and viii) reduce ethnical conflicts that arise from ethnical diversity in congested urban centers.
The Heluo Area in Shanhaijing

Sanhaijing keeps the richest and most valuable social information and historical materials of ancient China,which is the important literature for the study of ancient culture.The part of Shanjing recorded natural geography and human geography of ancient China,among which there are a large number of records of pre-historic Heluo area.Based on the records of Shanhaijing,with other ancient literature and modern discovery of archaeology,the geography and social development of pre-historic Heluo area can be illustrated.
Logic on Words

This dialog between Quisani, Yuri Gurevich's imaginary student, and the author, was published in the "Logic in Computer Science Column" of the EATCS Bulletin. It is first addressed to logicians. This dialog is an occasion to present the connections between Buchi's sequential calculus and the theory of finite automata. In particular, the essential role of first order formulae is emphasized. The quantifier hierarchies on these formulae are an occasion to present open problems.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NOTION OF RELIGION IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE

This article traces the construction and use of the notion of "religion" in early modem Europe. The argument is that the concept of "religion" evolved from the medieval ideas of universitas fidelium and conscientia. A look at the writings of Machiavelli and Bodin, as well as the ideas of the English Latitudinarians, reveals that they used the word without reference to theological content and with indifference to theological differences, but, instead, to convey ideas of a common morality for the building of a civil society and a functional statehood. The word "religion" is not a modem invention; we inherited it from the Romans. However, it was rarely used before the Age of Reforma tion, when it emerged as a foster child of the religious wars. It was during this formative age of Europe (but which age is not formative?) when many of our basic notions, such as "politics", were constructed. The aim of this article is neither to define "religion" nor to analyze its several meanings and definitions; instead, the article focuses on the construction of the notion of "religion" in early modem Europe. It seems that "religion" took on the meanings of older Christian con cepts of conscientia and universitas fidelium. One of the basic ideas in Christian thought had been that the sinful person needs some restric tions: control from within and from without. The former was called forum internum, i.e., conscientia, and the later meant forum externum, fur nished by worldly magistrates. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and following from Luther and Milton, as conscientia came to be understood in highly individualized and emotional terms, and rebellious people referred to conscientia, the slowly-emerging political thought and political theology needed to replace this term with an other word, one that meant a control that came from within but was at the same time intersubjectively shared, common among the peo ple. The replacement term became "religion" and the meanings— control from within, which is shared, common, and independent from the worldly power of any person—of "religion" were taken from the notions of conscientia and universitas fidelium.
Philosophy as Rigorous Regional Studies: A Parody of E. Husserl’s Philosophy as Rigorous Science

The present paper traces the trajectory of the development of Husserl's phenomenology from its incipient eidetic phase over the transcendental to the life-world-phenomenological, and ascertains that, in spite of all their complexities, the idea of Zu den Sachen selbst is the very objective of all those 'phenomenological' investigations. The search after the 'immediately given' (Vorgegebenheiten) finally discovers that the concrete cultural life-worlds are the authentically 'immediately pre-given' and all kinds of knowledge and sciences (higher cultural configurations) are nothing but idealizations of those floor-like concrete life-worlds. Phenomenology previously as rigorous first science is now re-oriented as phenomenology as rigorous (i.e., transcendental) regional studies. Transcendental regional studies (i.e., life-world phenomenology). I 'd like to argue, is the very key to the resolution of the ambiguities of the concept of life-world as well as the key to the understanding of the vague future direction of phenomenological philosophizing that Husserl himself left open.
Exclusive boundaries, contested claims: authenticity, language and ideology

Despite recent critical attention, authenticity remains problematic and paradoxical. It is problematic in various ways. (1) It is notoriously hard to define. According to Trilling (1972:120), it is one of those words “which are best not talked about if they are to retain any force of meaning.” (2) It is often vacuous, as in the claims of travel companies to offer tourists „the authentic Finnish experience‟, „authentic Ireland‟, and the like. (3) And yet, it still matters; we seek to achieve authenticity for ourselves and our forms of life, and may have strong views about what that means in a given context. To acknowledge the plurality of the term‟s potential meanings, therefore, is not necessarily to avoid conflict about it in any particular case.
Феномен комического в творчестве М. Ю. Лермонтова

The comic takes an important place in M. Yu. Lermontov’s artistic picture of the world. It is presented by epigrams, satire, ballad parodies, humorous letters and poems in poet’s creative works. Irony is an integral part of artist’s prose. However, tragic world view still dominates in his works that is represented in the image of the comic. Lermontov’s laughter is rarely joyful, bitter irony or sad smile are typical of the poet.
Frictional properties of accreted basalt at low to high velocities

斎藤 翼・氏家恒太郎(筑波大学生命環境科学研 究科)・堤 昭人(京都大学理学研究科) Frictional properties of accreted basalt at low to high velocities Tsubasa Saito, Kohtaro Ujiie (University of Tsukuba), and Akito Tsutsumi (Kyoto University) 近年の南海トラフをはじめとする沈み込み帯における反射法地震探 査研究結果は、地震破壊のほとんどは海洋地殻最上部の玄武岩内で起こ っていることを示唆している(Bangs et al., 2009など)。事実、南海トラフ の陸上アナログである四万十付加体では、玄武岩内部で地震性すべりが 起こった証拠が報告されている (Ujiie et al., 2007など)。このように海溝 型地震の発生過程を理解するうえで、玄武岩は鍵となる物質であると考 えられるが、これまで玄武岩の摩擦特性を検討した研究はほとんどない。 そこで本研究では、四国東部に分布する四万十付加体上部白亜系牟岐メ ランジュから採取された玄武岩質物質を用い、低速~高速域における摩 擦特性の検討を行った。 牟岐メランジュでは、玄武岩を基底として海洋プレート層序が6回繰 り返しており、プレート境界断層が海洋地殻上部へスッテプダウンし底 付け付加した際に形成されたデュープレックス構造を反映していると 考えられている(Ikesawa et al., 2005)。繰り返しの基底を為す断層は厚さ 数十mで、玄武岩起源のウルトラカタクレーサイト・面状カタクレーサ イト、枕状・塊状玄武岩、ハイアロクラスタイトで構成されている。こ のうちウルトラカタクレーサイトでは、粉砕物の fluidizationや摩擦発熱 に伴う物質変化など地震性すべりの証拠が報告されている(Ujiie et al., 2007; 2008; Kameda et al., 2011)。この地震性すべりの証拠が見出された 玄武岩断層露頭から、ウルトラカタクレーサイト、面状カタクレーサイ ト、枕状玄武岩を摩擦実験用試料として採取した。 実験は、京都大学理学研究科所有の回転式せん断摩擦試験機を用いて、 低速域での速度急変実験と高速摩擦実験の双方を行った。試料は 40°C で 24 時間乾燥させた後、乳鉢で粉末状にし、模擬ガウジとした。速度 急変摩擦実験は垂直応力 5.0 MPa、すべり速度 0.0028-0.028-0.28-2.8 mm/s、 高速摩擦実験は垂直応力 2.0 MPa、すべり速度 1.27 m/sとし、どちらも 含水状態で行った。 低速時(0.28 mm/s)の摩擦係数は、同一変位量で比較すると、枕状玄武 岩が最も高く(0.67-0.75)、面状カタクレーサイト(0.47-0.53)、ウルトラカ タクレーサイト(0.38-0.5)と低くなる。速度急変時の過渡的な挙動を比較 すると、枕状玄武岩は負の速度依存性を示す一方、面状カタクレーサイ トとウルトラカタクレーサイトは正の速度依存性を示した。また、ウル トラカタクレーサイトはすべり速度 0.028-2.8 mm/sの範囲における急加 速時に過渡的なピークが見られなかった。 高速摩擦実験では全ての試料が実験開始直後にピーク摩擦係数に到 達した後、すべり弱化し、定常摩擦へと至る挙動を示した。ピーク摩擦 係数は、ウルトラカタクレーサイトは低いのに対し(0.26–0.29)、枕状玄 武岩と面状カタクレーサイトはそれぞれ 0.49–0.57と 0.6–0.75であった。 すべり弱化距離は、枕状玄武岩とウルトラカタクレーサイトでは非常に 短いが、面状カタクレーサイトは相対的に長い。定常摩擦係数は、枕状 玄武岩が 0.07–0.1、ウルトラカタクレーサイトが 0.08–0.19、面状カタク レーサイトが 0.13–0.2であった。 以上の結果は、不安定すべりは枕状玄武岩で生じやすいのに対し、地 震破壊はウルトラカタクレーサイトに沿って伝播しやすいことを示し ている。今後、実験試料の鉱物組成や微細構造について検討し、上記の 摩擦特性を決定する要因を明らかにしていく予定である。
Factors influencing treatment selection and survival in advanced lung cancer.

Despite numerous breakthrough therapies, inoperable lung cancer still places a heavy burden on patients who might not be candidates for chemotherapy. To identify potential candidates for the newly emerging immunotherapy-based treatment paradigms, we explored the clinical and biologic factors affecting treatment decisions.



We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients diagnosed at our university-affiliated cancer centre between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2013. Patient demographics, systemic treatment, and survival were examined.



During the 3-year study period, 683 patients fitting the inclusion criteria were identified. First-line therapy was administered in 49.5% of patients; only 22.4% received further lines of therapy. The main reasons for withholding therapy were poor performance status [ps (43.2%)], rapidly deteriorating ps (31.9%), patient refusal of therapy (20.9%), and associated comorbidities (4%). Older age, the presence of brain metastasis at diagnosis, and non-small-cell histology were also associated with therapeutic restraint. Oncology referrals were infrequent in patients who did not receive therapy (32.2%). Older patients and those with a poor ps experienced superior survival when treatment was administered (hazard ratio: 0.25; 95% confidence interval: 0.16 to 0.38; and hazard ratio: 0.44; 95% confidence interval: 0.23 to 0.87 respectively; p < 0.001).



Advanced lung cancer still poses a therapeutic challenge, with a high proportion of patients being deemed unfit for therapy. This issue cannot be resolved until appropriate measures are taken to ensure the inclusion of older patients and those with a relatively poor ps in large clinical trials. Immunotherapy might be interesting in this setting, given that it appears to be more tolerable. Another consequential undertaking would be the deployment of strategies to reduce wait times during the diagnostic process for patients with a high index of suspicion for lung cancer.
New results and major progress in regional geological survey of the Washixie and Altyn Tagh sheets

The metamorphic series originally assigned to the Paleoproterozoic "Altyn Tagh" Group is disintegrated into two parts: metamorphosed supracrustal rocks and metamorphosed plutonic intrusive rocks. According to the rock association and characteristics of deformation and metamorphism, the metamorphosed supracrustal rocks may be subdivided into the Milan Group-complex and Altyn Tagh Group-complex. Isotopic dating suggests that the metamorphosed plutonic intrusive rocks are Meso- to Neoproterozoic in age. A high-pressure metamorphic rock association of granulite, garnet amphibolite and kyanite-garnet-gedrite schist was first found in the central Altyn Tagh block. The p-T-t path of metamorphism indicates that this rock association underwent a dynamic process of rapid subduction-collision and then rapid exhumation (uplift). On the basis of the discovery of the tectonic ophiolitic melange zone and large-scale thrust nappe structure, combined with regional tectonic characteristics, this tectonic units in the survey area have been redefined and a deformation sequence of tectonic features established. It has been preliminarily ascertained that in the survey area there occur at least three-level ancient planation surfaces, which divide the neotectonic movement such as mountain-making movement, geomorphologic changes and water drainage evolution into five phases.
Sidgwick's ethics and Victorian moral philosophy

Henry Sidgwick's The Methods of Ethics challenges comparison, as no other work in moral philosophy, with Aristotle's Ethics in the depth of its understanding of practical rationality, and in its architectural coherence it rivals the work of Kant. In this historical, rather than critical study, Professor Schneewind shows how Sidgwick's arguments and conclusions represent rational developments of the work of Sidgwick's predecessors, and brings out the nature and structure of the reasoning underlying his position.