nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
4 Mobilität erfassen: Auswertung der Umfrage 2011

Part 4 presents results of the 2011 survey conducted among the subprojects of the Collaborative Research Centre. The responses were originally supposed to deliver crucial input for the working group's further approach towards 'mobility'. However, admitting the limited significance of the survey results, the working group started to draw on the ultimate strength of the entire Research Centre: the great number of individual case studies on mobile (nomadic) communities. Hence, part 4.1 deals with a historical case study on the temporal migration of the actually sedentary Germanic tribes (375-568) during their encroachment into the Roman Empire. The author Thomas Bruggemann points to the multiple causes of Germanic mobility and describes how the Germanic peoples adapted to the mobile way of life by employing specific nomadic techniques and practices. In contrast, the empirical case study (4.2) on the caterpillar fungus economy in eastern Tibetan areas (Qinghai Province, China) by Janka Linke seeks to combine the concepts of 'social' and 'spatial' mobility by linking specific notions of markets and resources. The contrasting case studies allow insights into the different methodological and conceptual approaches of empirical and historical research respectively.
Steroid-responsive demyelinating peripheral neuropathy associated with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of natural killer cells.

We herein report the findings of a 67-year-old woman with steroid-responsive multiple mononeuropathy associated with chronic natural killer (NK) cell lymphocytosis. The patient developed progressive, asymmetric weakness and numbness in all four extremities in the course of a three-month period. Nerve conduction studies revealed asymmetric demyelination in both the motor and sensory nerves, and a biopsy specimen of the sural nerve showed a conspicuous difference in the demyelination between the neighboring fascicles and the infiltration of NK cells in the endoneurium. We considered the multiple mononeuropathy in this patient to have been caused by NK cell infiltration in the endoneurium, and the observed asymmetry might have been due to differences in the NK cell intrusion among the fascicles. Corticosteroid administration resulted in a rapid neurological, electrophysiological and hematological improvement. The rapid clinical amelioration that was observed after corticosteroid therapy suggested that the neuropathy in this case had been mainly caused by the mechanical compression of the endoneurial NK cells or the inflammatory cytokines that had been released by them.
Not the Golden Gate: Legal Writing Bridges the 'Divide' between Doctrine and Skill

In this environment of legal education reform, legal writing courses are already well-positioned. Accustomed to staying innovative and anticipating changing technological and economic realities of law practice, legal writing classes already bridge that so-called divide between doctrine and skill. It is "so-called," because the divide is in many respects artificial, by focusing on a traditional, increasingly obsolete model in which experiential educational learning is not included in the classroom. And how do legal writing courses bridge it? By merging the substantive and practical into an indistinguishable whole, in interactive, multi-faceted classrooms.
The fundamental constants in physics and their time dependence

We discuss the fundamental constants in the Standard Model of particle physics. Furthermore we discuss possible changes of these constants on the cosmological time scale. The Grand Unification of the observed strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions implies relations between the time variations of the finestructure constant α and of the QCD scale Λ c . A change of α by 10 −15 /year, as seen by an astrophysics experiment, implies a time variation of Λ c of at least 10 −15 /year. An experiment in Quantum Optics, which was designed to look for a time variation of Λ c , is discussed.
Patients’ Perceptions of Information and Education for Renal Replacement Therapy: An Independent Survey by the European Kidney Patients' Federation on Information and Support on Renal Replacement Therapy

Selection of an appropriate renal replacement modality is of utmost importance for patients with end stage renal disease. Previous studies showed provision of information to and free modality choice by patients to be suboptimal. Therefore, the European Kidney Patients' Federation (CEAPIR) explored European patients' perceptions regarding information, education and involvement on the modality selection process.



CEAPIR developed a survey, which was disseminated by the national kidney patient organisations in Europe.



In total, 3867 patients from 36 countries completed the survey. Respondents were either on in-centre haemodialysis (53%) or had a functioning graft (38%) at the time of survey. The majority (78%) evaluated the general information about kidney disease and treatment as helpful, but 39% did not recall being told about alternative treatment options than their current one. Respondents were more often satisfied with information provided on in-centre haemodialysis (90%) and transplantation (87%) than with information provided on peritoneal dialysis (79%) or home haemodialysis (61%), and were more satisfied with information from health care professionals vs other sources such as social media. Most (75%) felt they had been involved in treatment selection, 29% perceived they had no free choice. Involvement in modality selection was associated with enhanced satisfaction with treatment (OR 3.13; 95% CI 2.72-3.60). Many respondents (64%) could not remember receiving education on how to manage their kidney disease in daily life. Perceptions on information seem to differ between countries.



Kidney patients reported to be overall satisfied with the information they received on their disease and treatment, although information seemed mostly to have been focused on one modality. Patients involved in modality selection were more satisfied with their treatment. However, in the perception of the patients, the freedom to choose an alternative modality showed room for improvement.
Ensuring an Adequate Education: Opportunity to Learn, Law, and Social Science

The Massachusetts Education Reform Act of 1993 and the decisions of the State’s highest court interpreting the state constitution’s education clause are benchmarks in efforts at law-based education reform. This article discusses the implications of legislative and judicial mandates concerning the provision of education and the extent to which these mandates fail to ensure a fair and meaningful opportunity to learn for all students. It contrasts the legal mandates with evidence from social science literature concerning the conditions that must exist in order to create appropriate learning opportunities, particularly for the most at-risk student populations. It concludes that law can play a role in creating the conditions in local schools for implementing meaningful education reform, but that the present statutory requirements are insufacient and judicial deference to the legislative branch may result in ongoing achievement deacits for the State’s most vulnerable students.
Temporality and Public Art

Immutability is valued by society. There is a desire for a steadfast art that expresses permanence through its own perpetualness. Simultaneously, society has a conflicting predilection for an art that is contemporary and timely, that responds to and reflects its temporal and circumstantial context. And then there is a self-contradicting longing that this fresh spontaneity be protected, made invulnerable to time, in order to assume its place as historical artifact and as concrete evidence of a period's passions and priorities. For the Venice Biennale in 1986, Krzysztof Wodiczko projected a collaged photographic image of a 35mm camera, a gun belt with a grenade, and a large tank for several hours onto the base of the 600-year-old campanile in the Piazza San Marco. Besides providing a critique of tourism and politics, Wodiczko's project offered a potent dialectic on the ambivalent requirements for stability and preservation, and change and temporality.
Empirical software engineering research with industry: Top 10 challenges

Software engineering research can be done in many ways, in particular it can be done in different ways when it comes to working with industry. This paper presents a list of top 10 challenges to work with industry based on our experience from working with industry in a very close collaboration with continuous exchange of knowledge and information. The top 10 list is based on a large number of research projects and empirical studies conducted with industrial research partners since 1983. It is concluded that close collaboration is a long-term undertaking and a large investment. The importance of addressing the top 10 challenges is stressed, since they form the basis for a long-term sustainable and successful collaboration between industry and academia.
The luncheon speech: the computer as sorcerer's apprentice

The computer is the engine of this latest phase in the acceleration of the industrial revolution. The role of the computer cannot be measured in the simple terms of the number of computers at work in the American economy or even in the extraordinary variety of functions in which the computer has found work to do---from accounting routines to industrial process control to creative enterprise in mathematics itself. More significantly, computer technology gathers in and brings to intense focus the most diverse discoveries on the frontiers of knowledge---from investigation into the nature of matter to speculations at the foundation of knowledge. It is the agency through which the advance of human understanding now finds its way to the control of natural forces in time intervals that grow shorter year by year and month by month.
Nazism as modern magic: bronislaw malinowski's political anthropology

In the 1930s, the functionalist anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski embarked on a lecture tour of the United States in an attempt to alert the American public to the threat posed by Nazism. This article considers how Malinowski's public campaigning built on his anthropological studies, and suggests how the insights contained therein can still be an impetus to further augment our understanding of Nazism as a phenomenon.
The Impact of Competition on Bank Orientation and Specialization

How do banks react to increased competition? Recent banking theory offers conflicting predictions about the impact of competition on bank orientation - i.e., the choice of relationship based versus transactional banking - and bank industry specialization. We empirically investigate the impact of interbank competition on bank branch orientation and specialization. We employ a unique dataset containing detailed information on bank-firm relationships and industry classification. We find that bank branches facing stiff local competition engage considerably more in relationship-based lending and specialize somewhat less in a particular industry. Our results illustrate that competition and relationships are not necessarily inimical.
Quantum chemical studies on the structure and performance properties of 2,5,2'-triazido-1,1'-azo-1,3,4-triazole

Density functional theoretical method has been used to investigate the IR spectrum, heat of formation and thermal stability of a new energetic material, viz., 2,5,2'-triazido-1,1'-azo-1,3,4-triazole. The detonation velocity and pressure are evaluated using the Kamlet-Jacobs equations, based on the theoretical density and heat of formation. The bond dissociation energies for the weakest bonds have been analyzed to investigate the thermal stability of the title compound. The results show that the heat of formation of the title compound is much larger than that of RDX and HMX. The detonation velocity and pressure of the title compound are lower than those of HMX, but comparable to those of RDX. Bond dissociation calculations show that the N5-N6 bond is the trigger bond during pyrolysis.
Globalization and the Welfare State: Testing the Microfoundations of the Compensation Hypothesis

The debate on how globalization affects the welfare state has so far largely neglected to examine the microlevel causal mechanism underlying different macrolevel claims. Based on survey data from Switzerland, this article provides empirical microfoundations for the so-called compensation hypothesis. It finds that globalization losers are more likely to express feelings of economic insecurity. Such feelings, in turn, increase preferences for welfare state expansion, which in turn increase the likelihood of voting for the Social Democratic Party. The analysis also shows that globalization losers and winners differ significantly with regard to their social policy preferences and their propensity to vote for left parties. The article is innovative on two counts: First, it uses a number of different and more nuanced indicators measuring individuals’ positions as beneficiaries or losers of increasing global competition. Second, rather than focusing on one particular part of the causal chain, it tests the entire individual-level causal mechanism implied by the compensation hypothesis.
The Beau Monde: Fashionable Society in Georgian London

the 'brilliant vortex' 1. The beau monde: London's little coterie 2. Leading the fashion: 'a most brilliant shew' 3. Life in the town: 'all together and all distinct' 4. Politics and fashionable life: 'all the chatter chitter I heard' 5. The court and fashionable display: 'most tastefully spangled' 6. Beauties: 'so pow'rful her charms' 7. Risk, exile and fraud: a changeable world Conclusion Notes Index
ADSORPTION AND ABSORPTION OF H ON Ni(111): A THEORETICAL STUDY BASED ON MOLECULAR ORBITALS

The adsorption of monoatomic H on Ni(111) was studied theoretically, taking into account the possibility of H diffusion and eventual incorporation of H as an interstitial. The desorption of H2 as a diffusion-controlled process from the bulk and the influence on adsorption properties due to a H sub-surface phase very near to the adsorbed phase were considered. Our semiempirical molecular orbital approach allows us to analyze the results from an electronic structure perspective, showing that in general the H–Ni bond is weakened by the presence of the H sublayer.
Ecological and evolutionary connections between morphology, physiology, and behavior

Phenotype variation within populations both provides the raw material for and is the product of evolutionary change. An individual’s phenotype, defined as the amalgamation of morphology, physiology, and behavior, is highly complex. It has been common to try to isolate each of these aspects of phenotype rather than directly examine their integration. For example, despite the demonstrated importance of single aspects of phenotype for acquiring mates it is well known that signal traits are not evaluated in isolation, but rather in conjunction with associated behaviors, and sometimes with other signal traits (Møller and Pomiankowski, 1993; Candolin, 2003; Hebets and Papaj, 2005; Hebets, 2011). Indeed, the multidimensional components of phenotype are influenced by a dynamic interplay among morphology, physiology, and behavior, as well as the social and environmental context in which phenotypes are expressed. Such interactive feedbacks indicate that current models of the function and evolution of complex phenotypes, including those used as signal traits, must be updated to incorporate these dynamic interactions.
HEC-MAC: A Hybrid Energy-Aware Cross-Layer MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks are a key element of the Internet of Things since they are one of the most interesting pervasive systems. However, they are battery-powered, so energy efficiency represents one of the primary design challenges to address. This goal can be primarily achieved through an optimization of the communication procedure, which is the most power-consuming component of a WSN node. Nevertheless, the poor resources of the embedded devices usually limit the complexity of protocol solutions, which thus are not sufficient to reach satisfactory results. For this reason, the current trend aims at integrating both hardware and software solutions. In this work, a cross-layer solution, based on the combined use of a duty-cycling MAC protocol and a reconfigurable beam-steering antenna, is presented and validated. It significantly reduces the nodes' power consumption by exploiting scheduling techniques and directional communications. Specifically, a MAC scheduler manages the activation of the antenna sectors based on information coming from both MAC and network layers. This way, node awakenings occur only when an actual communication has to take place and only the interested antenna sector is activated. The effectiveness of the proposed cross-layer approach has been evaluated through OMNeT++ simulation tool.
Manga from the floating world : comicbook culture and the kibyōshi of Edo Japan

"Manga from the Floating World" is the first full-length study in English of the kibyoshi, a genre of sophisticated pictorial fiction widely read in late-18th Century Japan. By combining analysis of the socioeconomic and historical milieus in which the genre was produced and consumed with three annotated translations of works by major author-artist, Santo Kyoden (1761-1816) that closely reproduce the experience of encountering the originals, Adam Kern offers a sustained close reading of the vibrant popular imagination of the mid-Edo period. The kibyoshi, Kern argues, became an influential form of political satire that seemed poised to transform the uniquely Edoesque brand of urban commoner culture into something more, perhaps even a national culture, until the shogunal government intervened. Based on extensive research using primary sources in their original Edo editions, the volume is copiously illustrated with rare prints from Japanese archival collections. It serves as an introduction not only to the kibyoshi but also to the genre's readers and critics, narratological conventions, modes of visuality, format, and relationship to the modern Japanese comic book (manga) and to the popular literature and wit of Edo. Filled with graphic puns and caricatures, these entertaining works will appeal to the general reader as well as to the more experienced student of Japanese cultural history.
Chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia: Should reports of increased mortality influence management?

There have been few studies examining whether persons with chronic widespread pain or fibromyalgia are at increased risk for dying prematurely. Among the studies conducted there is little consistency in results. If there is an increased mortality risk, it is of the order of a 30% excess and it may be related to the lifestyle of patients with these symptoms, including lack of exercise. Skilled judgment is required in determining whether reports of new symptoms are likely to indicate underlying new pathology. Studies are currently underway which will determine whether initial observations of an increased mortality risk can be replicated.
Discrepant Engagement: Dissonance, Cross-Culturality, and Experimental Writing

This highly regarded and frequently referenced work of literary criticism is essential to any study of avant garde poetics.Nathaniel Mackey addresses the poetry and prose of a number of authors not commonly grouped together: black writers from the United States and the Caribbean and the so-called Black Mountain poets. Although they are seemingly disparate, these writers are united by their experimentation with style and form. Mackey, an important contemporary poet and critic, focuses on the experimental aspects of their work rather than on its subject matter or authorship to show that they all share an implied critique of conventional poetic practices.Mackey analyzes the work of Black Mountain poets Robert Duncan, Robert Creeley, and Charles Olson, African American poets Amiri Baraka and Clarence Major, and Caribbean writers Edward Kamau Brathwaite and Wilson Harris. He frequently brings the work of these authors into dialogue and juxtaposition, noting the parallels and counterpoint that exist among writers normally separated by ethnic, temporal, or regional boundaries. By insisting that their experimentation unites these writers rather than marginalizes them, Mackey questions traditional notions that underlie conventional perceptions and practice.In his epilogue and bibliographic essay, volume editor Michael Conniff suggests new directions for further research and offers a comprehensive survey of the evolution of major writings, theories, and methodologies in the field.
The Politics of Modernism: Against the New Conformists

This is an exploration of the ambivalent relationship between revolutionary politics and modernist or avant-garde art. Williams clarifies many of the issues that have dogged recent critical discussion: the term "modernism" itself; the distinction between modernism and avant garde; and the possibility of a cultural theory "beyond the modern" which avoids the pitfalls of postmodernism. Raymond Williams is the author of "Politics and Letters," "Problems in Materialsm and Culture," "Resources of Hope" and "Writing in Society."
Poor awareness of stroke--a hospital-based study from South India: an urgent need for awareness programs.

Stroke treatment has reached a new benchmark with thrombolytic therapy. However, India has witnessed a tremendous increase in morbidity and mortality of stroke over the past few decades. The prime deciding factor is initiation of treatment within the time window, which requires early recognition of stroke symptoms. We wished to analyze the lacunae in the stroke knowledge in our population. This hospital-based study assessed awareness of the public regarding stroke.



Two trained medical students interviewed accompanying relatives using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done. Descriptive results are presented as mean ± SD. P less than .05 was considered as statistically significant.



In total, 350 individuals formed the study group; mean age was 40.23 ± 13.4 years constituting 145 males (47.5%) and 205 females (58.5%). Only 50 (14%) respondents could identify that the patient had developed stroke; however, 35% respondents identified brain as the organ involved for the presenting complaints and 34% could identify the warning symptoms of stroke, limb weakness being the most common (30%). Sources of information were friends and media (8%). Median time of reaching the hospital was 10 hours with patients transported by ambulance reaching early (P < .03); 80% of patients were fed in drowsy state during transport. More than 50% of the respondents were not able to identify the risk factors nor were aware that stroke is a preventable or a life-threatening disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that higher level of education was the only variable, which correlated with the organ identification (P < .001), stroke recognition (P < .002), and identification of the warning symptoms (P < .001).



This hospital-based study reveals that there is a poor knowledge of recognition of stroke, its warning signs, risk factors, and prehospital care. There is an urgent need to design stroke awareness programs in the country with emphasis on ambulance service to minimize the time to thrombolysis.