nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Multinational States: the Revival of Nations and Nationalism

Rogers Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe (), 202 pp., ISBN 0-521-57649-0. Michael Forman, Nationalism and the International Labor Movement. The Idea of the Nation in Socialist and Anarchist Theory (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998), 212 pp., cloth $35.00, paper $17.95, ISBN 0-271-01727-9. Ilya Prizel, National Identity and Foreign Policy. Nationalism and leadership in Poland, Russia and Ukraine ( 1998), 443 pp., hardback ?50.00, paperback ?16.95 ($54-95 / $24.95), ISBN 0-521-57697-0. Andrew Baruch Wachtel, Making a Nation, Breaking a Nation. Literature and Cultural Politics in Yugoslavia ( 1998), 302 pp., cloth $55.00, paper $18.95, ISBN 0-804-73181-0. Yitzhak M. Brudny, Reinventing Russia. Russian Nationalism and the Soviet State 1953-1991, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 352 pp., ISBN 0-674-75408-5. Catherine Wanner, Burden of Dreams. History and Identity in Post-Soviet Ukraine (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998), 255 pp., cloth $50.00, paper $18.95, ISBN 0-271-01793-7.
Social Norms And Individual Savings In The Context Of Informal Insurance

This paper develops a theory of informal insurance in the presence of an intertemporal technology. It is shown that when an insurance agreement suffers from enforcement problems, constraints on individual savings behaviour can enable the group to sustain greater cooperation. This result provides a motivation for a variety of social norms observed in traditional societies which discourage 'excessive' accumulation of wealth by individuals. The paper also shows that social norms that discourage savings are more likely to benefit poorer communities and thus, paradoxically, cause them to fall further behind even as it serves a useful purpose.
On the History and Historiography of International Relations

(IR), that is, both the scholarship on the history of the field and the methodological principles involved in that research and writing, is more advanced today than at any time in the past. During the last ten years, a wealth of new literature has appeared that greatly challenges much of the conventional wisdom regarding the development of IR. In light of the new and sophisticated research on the historiography of IR, it is even possible to suggest that progress is being made in understanding the complex and multifaceted story of the emergence and maturation of IR as an academic field of study. Scholars have also discovered that researching the history of the field can lead to new insights that have critical purchase in the present. Today, disciplinary history has achieved a level of recognition and legitimacy that it formerly lacked. This is a dramatic improvement on the previously existing attitudes that many expressed about disciplinary history. Despite the growing pluralization of the field and the ever-expanding range of topics being investigated, an element of suspicion was cast on the task of examining its history. One possible explanation for the reluctance to grant legitimacy to this research task is the common notion that we already know the history. Another possibility is that those in the mainstream are satisfied with the dominant story that is told about the development of the field. In any event, there is no shortage of brief synoptic accounts of this history in introductory textbooks, state-of-the-field articles, and International Studies Association presidential addresses. These renditions frequently retell a conventional story of how the field has progressed through a series of phases: idealist, realist, behavioralist, post-behavioralist, pluralist, neorealist, rationalist, post-positivist, and constructivist. The image of the first three phases has been so deeply ingrained in the minds of students and scholars that there almost seems to be no alternative way of understanding the early history of the field. On the History and Historiography of International Relations
Will a Decaying Atom Feel a Friction Force?

We show how a simple calculation leads to the surprising result that an excited two-level atom moving through a vacuum sees a tiny friction force of first order in v/c. At first sight this seems to be in obvious contradiction to other calculations showing that the interaction with the vacuum does not change the velocity of an atom. It is even more surprising that this change in the atom's momentum turns out to be a necessary result of energy and momentum conservation in special relativity.
Quine’s conjecture on many-sorted logic

Quine often argued for a simple, untyped system of logic rather than the typed systems that were championed by Russell and Carnap, among others. He claimed that nothing important would be lost by eliminating sorts, and the result would be additional simplicity and elegance. In support of this claim, Quine conjectured that every many-sorted theory is equivalent to a single-sorted theory. We make this conjecture precise, and prove that it is true, at least according to one reasonable notion of theoretical equivalence. Our clarification of Quine’s conjecture, however, exposes the shortcomings of his argument against many-sorted logic.
Variations on a theme of Debs and Saint Raymond

A famous theorem of Debs and Saint Raymond states that the complement of a set of first category is of strong multiplicity. We prove a theorem which combines this with a result of Rudin which states that independent closed sets of strong multiplicity exist. We also prove a theorem which combines the theorem of Debs and Saint Raymond with a theorem of Wiener and Wintner which states that there exists a measure with singular support whose convolution square is absolutely continuous
Inventions of the Iran - Iraq War

For many years historians of west Asian affairs have preferred to refer to a descriptive reading of international events in the region as if they were trying to define law-like causalities, unchangeable continua or inevitable facts to the multifarious transformations and diversity intrinsic to the ‘Middle East.’ The methods that empower these historians to pursue this mode of analysis are partly engrained in the discipline and partly borrowed from other social sciences with a strong positivistic and empiricist tradition, especially economics, political science, and, albeit to a lesser extent (and perhaps unconsciously), ‘realist’ international relations theories. What has been written about the Iran–Iraq war of 1980–88 is no exception. A quick perusal of the literature reveals three recurrent themes: first, Saddam Hussein seized the favorable international moment that was conducive to a military attack against the newly established Islamic state in Iran (realist, power politics argument); second, the Iran–Iraq war was inevitable due to the ‘historic’ enmity between the two states (‘orientalist’ argument); and third, the Ba’thist state felt threatened by the spillover of the Islamic revolution and decided to pre-empt further Shia uprisings in Najaf, Karbala, Samarra, Kazimiyah, and Baghdad as a means to contain a Shia resurgence in the greater west Asian area (balance of power argument).
Synthesis and Sintering of Nanocrystalline Barium Titanate Powder under Non-Isothermal Conditions. Part 6. Structure, Grain Boundaries, and Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate Obtained by Various Sintering Methods

The grain boundary structure of barium titanate obtained by controlled-rate sintering and high-pressure sintering (HPS), and the dependence of dielectric properties on grain size and consolidation method were studied. It was shown that sintering without the application of pressure leads to a diffusion-controlled formation of equilibrium grain boundaries with minimal impedance factor, which minimally decrease the dielectric constant of the ceramics. HPS results in the formation of non-equilibrium grain boundaries which have a large free volume, and which substantially decrease the dielectric constant. The Curie-Weiss constant was analyzed from the viewpoint of a matrix structural model, and a «brick-wall» model.
The Sources and Methods of Engineering Design Requirement

The increasing interest in emerging markets drives the product development activities for emerging markets. As a first step, companies need to understand the specific design requirements of a new market when expanding into it. Requirements from external sources are particularly challenging to be defined in a new context. This paper focuses on understanding the design requirement sources at the requirement elicitation phase. It aims at proposing an improved design requirement source classification considering emerging markets and presenting current methods for eliciting requirement for each source. The applicability of these methods and their adaption for emerging market is discussed.
Domestic Politics and Dynamic Issue Linkage: A Reformulation of Integration Theory

The recent successes of the EC have reinvigorated the study of regional integration. This essay reviews integration theory, and offers a model which links the domestic politics of EC members to their regional bargaining. Two domestic variables, policy-making mode and government strength, help to determine the size of states' bargaining positions. EC bargaining is encouraged by dynamic issue linkage, or linkage across issues and time. A high level of dynamic issue linkage is one of the key features that distinguish EC bargaining from other negotiations among states. The utility of this model is demonstrated in a brief case study of EC social policy-making.
Factors Influencing Users' Acceptance in Internet Banking Success: Proposing a Unified Model

The highly accelerated growing of electronic banking such as Internet banking has already become one of the most prominent examples of electronic commerce success in Internet-based application. Many previous studies had noted that satisfaction, loyalty, commitment, and trust are very important elements in online banking success and consumer reluctance to make decisions to accept and to adopt e- commerce has annotated to the role of trust, security and privacy in commerce systems. This study is to propose an extendedly unified framework based on DeLone and McLean IS Success Model and Trust- Commitment Theory. The study provides a literary and a comprehensive framework as the result for the formation of consumers' usage decisions and relational building behaviors towards Internet-based banking services within several countries.
Household Financial Assets Allocation and Behaviour of Art Collection Holding

Financial demands of household show a typical characteristic of hierarchy, which is reflected by financial assets allocation of household. The collection itself has dual-attributes of consumption and investment goods, which is becoming an important choice of household financial assets allocation. Using micro-survey data of China households and analyzing empirically, it is found that the higher the hierarchy of financial assets allocation, the stronger the tendency to hold the art collection for household. It is believed that financial assets allocation should be optimized further and the hierarchy of household financial demands should be enhanced based on the satisfaction of household transaction requirements in order to develop the art collection markets of China and absorb more households to participate in.
Reflections of a Peace Educator: The Power and Challenges of Peace Education With Pre-Service Teachers

AbstractThis retrospective essay examines one long-standing peace and global education initiative for pre-service teacher candidates. The article probes the meanings of peace education and of global education embedded in the program, as well as the program’s apparent consequences: What understandings of peace education did the pre-service candidates in this program demonstrate, through their own words and the teaching plans they produced? What skills did the pre-service candidates seem to acquire in curriculum design? My reflections are based on my own experience as a faculty member and coordinator of the program, as well as retrospective understandings derived from ongoing examination of questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews, and especially, almost 200 curriculum products (lesson and unit plans) created by pre-service candidates in a special “global cohort” and in the general pre-service population at the same university. The article provides a literature review of the main definitions of p...
in Developing an Employees Sense of Belonging in the Work Place as an HRM Strategy

This study aims to evaluate the strategies of keeping qualified employees within the business by considering the need and desire of maintenance and growth of the business with the use of social media, a new communication medium formed owing to developing electronic technologies of today, as a form of communication, through the eye of the employee. In this study we have dealt with the level of social media-employee interaction and its relationship and its effect on organizational commitment. To determine this effect, we have included the valuation results of the surveys taken with the employees. Thus we tried to show the strategic importance of social media for the business and the recruitment of human resources to match its conditions.
EXPLORING THE PARENTING DIFFICULTIES OF STEPMOTHERS IN HONG KONG: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORKERS AND TEACHERS

The number of divorce cases in Hong Kong is soaring in recent years and the stepfamily is an emerging family structure. This exploratory study is aimed at examining difficulties of parenting in stepfamilies through interviews with stepmothers, social workers and teachers. Reports of these stepmothers reveal that they feel overloaded in the stepfamilies and that their spouses do not give them enough support. They complain that their in-laws and relatives create stress rather than offer help in child management. The findings indicated that there are difficulties in communication between the couples, problems between stepmother-stepchild, and in-law relationships. It is suggested that social workers and teachers should cooperate to deal with cultural stereotyping of stepfamily and change negative social attitudes towards members of stepfamilies. Efforts should also be made by these professionals to identify stepmother-stepchild relationship problems with greater sensitivity, and regularity.
Refusing ‘Slave Man's Revenge’: Reading the Politics of the Resisting Body in Zee Edgell's Beka Lamb and Brenda Flanagan's You Alone Are Dancing

In this article I focus on the black woman's body and its use as a political and cultural signifier and as a site where the politics of gender power is enacted. I argue that two first novels of two contemporary Caribbean women writers, Zee Edgell and Brenda Flanagan, intervene in a history of fictional representation which uses the figure of the ‘native’ woman to signify territorial, economic and sexual conquest and exploitation. The black woman, in early twentieth‐century Caribbean anti‐colonial fiction, silently concedes to her aggressor, whose actions ultimately end in her destruction. The novels of these writers revise the themes and forms of representation that characterise these earlier, predominantly male‐authored texts: in its focus on resistance to both colonial and patriarchal dominance, their work presents an alternative to either victimhood or to the suggestion that, for the poor, working‐class black woman, her body is her only capital.
Transnational political practices and the receiving state: Turks and Kurds in Germany and the Netherlands

This article examines how the social and political contexts in receiving countries affect the transnational political practices of migrants and refugees, such as their mobilization around political events in their homeland. The case study explores the political participation of Turks and Kurds in Germany and the Netherlands in its full complexity, that is in both the immigration country and in homeland politics. The findings suggest that transnational political practices should not be reduced to a function of the political opportunity structures of particular receiving countries for two main reasons: (a) more inclusive political structures, which provide for more participation and co-operation on immigrant political issues, may at the same time, and for that very reason, serve to exclude dialogue on homeland politics; (b) homeland political movements may draw on a different range of resources than their immigrant political counterparts, including those outside the local political institutional context.
Implementation of address-based data sorting on different FPGA platforms

Among numerous tasks that need to be solved, sorting is considered to be one of the most important. Since it is time consuming for large volumes of data, acceleration is greatly required for many practical applications. It is also important to discover such methods that take advantage of the implementation platform (due to its uniqueness) and consider not only the number of the required operations, but also efficiency of their implementation in hardware circuits. This paper evaluates implementations of address-based data sorting algorithms in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuits. It is demonstrated that the proposed technique can be used efficiently both in low cost FPGAs as well as in advanced FPGAs, and the number of sorted items (with sizes of up to 32 bits) can reach 232.
The Current Status of Industrialized Construction and Construction Robotics in Finland

During the past few years, a cluster of development projects with wide participation have been initiated in Finland in order to create the necessary basis for a second wave of industrialization of construction in the next decade. The targets include the creation of an open construction system based on prefabricated components and of a national framework for project wide computer aided design. On the other hand, a research programme concerned with computerization and robotization of construction has been launched, in order to build up the necessary national competence in these areas, which are seen as the major driving forces for the coming changes.
Working with autistic children through the spectrum of psychoanalytic concepts

In this paper, a specific institution in North London provides services for children with mild learning difficulties, was examined “through the spectrum of psychoanalytical concepts” by looking at the way its members cope with working with autistic children. The unconscious institutional anxieties, defences and the counter-transference were focused. It was clearly seen through the extracts and observations that unconscious factors can determine teaching and learning experiences together with the emotional aspects of the institution.
The Economics And Ethics Of Private Property: Studies In Political Economy And Philosophy

Part One: Economics. 1. Fallacies of the Public Goods Theory and the Production of Security. 2. The Economics and Sociology of Taxation. 3. Money, Banking, and International Politics. A Sociological Reconstruction of the Present Economic Order. 4. Marxist and Austrian Class Analysis. 5. The Theory of Employment, Money, Interest, and the Capitalist Process. The Misesian Case against Keynes. Part Two: Philosophy. 6. On Praxeology and the Praxeological Foundation of Epistemology 7 Is Research Based on Causal  Principles Possible in the Social Sciences? 8. From the Economics of Laissez Faire to the Ethics of Libertarianism. 9. The Justice of Economic Efficiency. 10. On the Ultimate Justification of the Ethics of Private Property. 11. Austrian Rationalism in the Age of the Decline of Positivism.
Geometry and kinematics of the Triassic rift basin in Jameson Land (East Greenland)

The Triassic rift basin along the East Greenland margin described in this paper is represented by NE—SW trending basins and highs segmented by NW—SE trending transfer zones. Coarse grained sediments along the eastern side of Jameson Land are shown to be hosted in half-graben structures belonging to the Carlsberg Fjord Basin that is bounded by NW-dipping normal faults mapped and described after fieldwork in the Klitdal area in Liverpool Land. New aeromagnetic and electromagnetic data together with new drill cores allow the re-interpretation of available seismic lines showing the continuation of the Triassic rift basin toward the SW where it is buried under the Upper Triassic post-rift sediments and the Jurassic successions of the Jameson Land Basin. The N—S trending Liverpool Land, interpreted as the boundary block of the Triassic basin, is shown to represent a structural high inherited from the Late Carboniferous tectonics and faulted during the Triassic rifting. The Carlsberg Fjord Basin and the Klitdal Fault System described in this paper should be seen as analogues to the Helgeland Basin in the Norwegian offshore that is bounded by the Ylvingen Fault Zone and to the Papa and West of Shetlands Basins that are bounded by the Spine Fault. The Triassic rift zone and transfer faults on both conjugate margins shows a straightforward correlation with the trends of the initial spreading line and fracture zones of the North-East Atlantic indicating a possible inheritance of the Triassic rifting.
Resolution of sleep-disordered breathing in a dialysis-dependent child post-renal transplantation

This case alerts paediatricians and renal physicians to the potential for significant sleep-disordered breathing in children with renal disease, particularly those with end stage kidney disease requiring dialysis. In some cases, management of the underlying renal disease may result in amelioration of the sleep-disordered breathing. Proactive sleep history taking and formal sleep monitoring in experienced centres may be indicated for these children to limit morbidity, especially if respiratory support is indicated.
Nemoglobins: divergent nematode globins.

Globins are proteins commonly associated with oxygen transport in vertebrate blood, but the invertebrate phyla display a wide variety of globin types that reflect their disparate life styles and evolutionary history. It has been known for over 100 years that parasitic nematodes contain globins, but recent molecular investigations are only now beginning to shed some light on their curious properties. Mark Blaxter here describes the diversity of the different globins found in nematodes, and reviews emerging data on their evolution and function.
Designing an intelligent Business Model Transformation Tool

Global companies as well as small and medium-sized businesses have to respond to fast-changing markets and new customer demands to maintain their position in competition. Therefore, business models of companies must be able to reply flexibly to new requirements and simultaneously their execution must be ensured. However, existing business model concepts and tools are too rigid and often remain on a rather abstract level. As a consequence, they support a transformation of a company not suitable enough. Therefore, we present a design science PhD-project with the aim of designing a business model configuration tool enabling higher executability of the defined business models and support business model transformations. Based on a comprehensive problem analysis and literature study, we derive a first set of meta-requirements and design principles. Additionally, we demonstrate a first prototypical instantiation of the identified design principles. The presented tool enables practitioners as well as theorists to observe changes in business models rapidly and use to tool for a transformation of a business model. Furthermore, through the configuration character of the tool, a company-tailored business model can be defined. As a final contribution, this research fosters cooperation between strategic and executive company levels which increasingly becomes an imperative capability in today’s business environments.