nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Esophageal pH Monitoring Is Better Tolerated than the Catheter-Based Technique: Results from a Randomized Cross-Over Trial

Esophageal pH monitoring using a wireless pH capsule has been suggested to generate less adverse symptoms resulting in improved patient acceptance compared with the catheter-based method although evidence to support this assumption is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the subjective experience of patients undergoing both techniques for esophageal pH monitoring.Using a randomized study design, patients referred for esophageal pH testing underwent both wireless and traditional catheter-based 24-h pH recording with a 7-day interval. The wireless pH capsule was placed during endoscopy and followed by 48-h pH recording. All patients answered a questionnaire, including a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS), which described the perceived severity of symptoms and the degree of interference with normal daily activities during the pH tests.Thirty-one patients, 16 women and 15 men, were included in the analysis. The severity of all adverse symptoms associated with the wireless technique was significantly lower compared with the catheter-based technique (median VAS 2.1 vs 5.1, P < 0.001). Wireless pH recording was associated with less interference with off-work activities and normal daily life, median VAS 0.6 and 0.7 compared with 5.0 and 5.7, respectively, for the catheter-based technique (P < 0.0001). Patients actively working during both tests reported less interference with normal work during the capsule-based test than during the catheter-based pH test (median VAS 0.3 vs 6.8, P = 0.005). Twenty-seven patients (87%) stated that, if they had to undergo esophageal pH monitoring again, they preferred the wireless test over the catheter-based pH test (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS:This randomized study showed that a significant majority of patients undergoing esophageal pH monitoring preferred the wireless pH capsule over the traditional catheter-based technique because of less adverse symptoms and less interference with normal daily life.
Treatment of depression in primary care. Socio-economic status, clinical need and receipt of treatment.

Depression is prevalent, costly and often undertreated.



To test the hypothesis that people with low socio-economic status are least likely to receive and adhere to evidence-based treatments for depression, after controlling for clinical need.



Individuals with an ICD-10 depressive episode in the past 12 months (n=866) were recruited from 7271 attendees in 36 general practices in England and Wales. Depressive episodes were identified using the 12-month Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Treatment receipt and adherence were assessed by structured interview, and rated using evidence-based criteria.



We identified 332 individuals (38.3%) who received and adhered to evidence-based treatment. There were few socio-economic differences in treatment allocation. Although those without educational qualifications were least likely to receive psychological treatments (OR = 0.55,95% CI 0.34-0.89, P = 0.02), this association was not statistically significant after adjusting for depression severity.



We found no evidence of inverse care in the treatment of moderate and severe depression in primary care in England and Wales.
Prediction of Monochrome Reflectance Spectra with an Extended Kubelka-Munk Model

We present a prediction model for digital printers and more specifically for electrophotographic devices. On the one hand, we propose an electrophotographic simulation model which estimates the microscopic structure of any printed toner layer based on its input halftone bitmap. Applying BOUGUER–BEER–LAMBERT’s law, the obtained spatial toner arrangement yields the spectral transmittance distribution for non-light scattering colors. On the other hand, we introduce an extension to the KUBELKA-MUNK (KM) model, which allows to compute the halftone reflectance spectra from the estimated transmittance spectra. The extended KM model bridges the gap between the mathematical description of the optical point spread function of common office papers and the experimental results of simple reflectance measurements. With the combination of the models, we are capable of predicting the reflectance spectra of a printed monochrome wedge with a mean estimation error of less than CIELAB ∆E 94 = 1.
Refractory period following induced asthma: contributions of exercise and isocapnic hyperventilation.

To compare the refractory period that follows exercise and isocapnic hyperventilation, 10 asthmatic children performed two pairs of challenge tests in random order at least six hours apart. In pair A a hyperventilation challenge was followed by an exercise challenge and in pair B the order was reversed. Both pairs of tests were done while the children were breathing cold dry air. Tests were matched in terms of work load, ventilation, and end tidal carbon dioxide tension (PCO2). The mean percentage fall in FEV1 (delta FEV1) after the first challenge (hyperventilation) of pair A and the first challenge (exercise) of pair B were the same (30% (SEM 2%)) and 30% (4%) respectively). The mean delta FEV1 of the exercise test following hyperventilation in pair A and of hyperventilation following exercise in pair B was 22% (4%) and 18% (4%) respectively. Both these latter results were significantly lower than the respective delta FEV1 when the challenge was the first test of the pair. Although the mean refractoriness index (reduction in induced asthma in the second test of each pair compared with the first test) was greater when exercise was the first challenge, the difference was not significant.
Factor V G1691A and prothrombin G20210A in childhood spontaneous venous thrombosis – Evidence of an age-dependent thrombotic onset in carriers of factor V G1691A and prothrombin G20210A mutation

Risk factors for venous thrombosis in adults are the prothrombin (PT) G20210A, the factor (F) V G1691A mutations and hereditary deficiencies of protein C, protein S and antithrombin. However, data are limited on the relevance of these risk factors for thrombosis in children and adolescents. We therefore investigated 119 patients aged 0–18 with spontaneous venous thrombosis and controls (n= 100) for the presence of the factor V G1691A mutation and the prothrombin G20210A variant with respect to thrombotic onset and thrombosis location. The following frequencies (patients vs. controls), odds ratios (OR), 95%-confidence intervals (CI) and p-values were found: FV G1691A, 19.3% vs. 5%, OR/CI 4.55/1.66–12.5, p= 0.0038 and prothrombin G20210A, 8.4% vs. 3%, OR/CI 2.96/0.8–11, p= 0.17. A combination of the FV G1691A mutation with the PT G20210A variant was found in 3 children (2.5% of cases) but only once in the controls. With a median (range) age of 2 years (0–17), carriers of the FV mutation were significantly younger compared with patients carrying the PT variant (16 years: 0–18, p < 0.001). Vascular accidents in carriers of the FV mutation occurred in deep veins of the leg (n= 11), cerebral veins (n= 4), renal veins (n= 3) and portal veins (n= 2). Patients with the PT mutation showed spontaneous thrombosis in the majority of cases in the deep veins of the leg (n= 5) and in the central nervous system (n= 2). Combined defects were found in a neonate with renal venous thrombosis and in two adolescents with deep vein thrombosis.  Data presented here suggest that the heterozygous FV mutation is the most commonly found prothrombotic risk factor responsible for spontaneous thrombosis during infancy and early childhood. In contrast, the PT G20210A variant is likely to be more important during puberty and adolescence.
Pepsinogen II Can Be a Potential Surrogate Marker of Morphological Changes in Corpus before and after H. pylori Eradication

The aim of this investigation is to study the relationship between gastric morphology and serum biomarkers before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication.



First-degree relatives of gastric cancer patients underwent gastroscopy before and 2.5 years after H. pylori eradication. The morphological changes in two categories (normal to mild and moderate to severe) were compared with level of pepsinogens I and II before eradication (n = 369), after eradication (n = 115), and in those with persistent infection (n = 250).



After eradication, pepsinogen I decreased to 70% and pepsinogen II to 45% of the previous values. Unlike pepsinogen II and pepsinogen I to II ratio that were affected by the severity of inflammation and atrophy in corpus in all groups, pepsinogen I generally did not change. After eradication, subjects with high mononuclear infiltration in corpus had lower pepsinogen I (54 versus 77.1 μ/mL), higher pepsinogen II (9.4 versus 6.9 μ/mL), and lower ratio (7.9 versus 11.6) than those without (P < 0.05).



Pepsinogen II is a good marker of corpus morphological changes before and after H. pylori eradication.
Effect of Training Supervision on Effectiveness of Strength Training for Reducing Neck/Shoulder Pain and Headache in Office Workers: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

To investigate the effect of workplace neck/shoulder strength training with and without regular supervision on neck/shoulder pain and headache among office workers.



A 20-week cluster randomized controlled trial among 351 office workers was randomized into three groups: two training groups with the same total amount of planned exercises three times per week (1) with supervision (3WS) throughout the intervention period, (2) with minimal supervision (3MS) only initially, and (3) a reference group (REF). Main outcome is self-reported pain intensity in neck and shoulder (scale 0-9) and headache (scale 0-10).



Intention-to-treat analyses showed a significant decrease in neck pain intensity the last 7 days in 3MS compared with REF: -0.5 ± 0.2 (P < 0.02) and a tendency for 3WS versus REF: -0.4 ± 0.2 (P < 0.07). Intensity of headache the last month decreased in both training groups: 3WS versus REF: -1.1 ± 0.2 (P < 0.001) and 3MS versus REF: -1.1 ± 0.2 (P < 0.001). Additionally, days of headache decreased 1.0 ± 0.5 in 3WS and 1.3 ± 0.5 in 3MS versus REF. There were no differences between the two training groups for any of the variables.



Neck/shoulder training at the workplace reduced neck pain and headache among office workers independently of the extent of supervision. This finding has important practical implications for future workplace interventions.
Day-and-Night Closed-Loop Glucose Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Under Free-Living Conditions: Results of a Single-Arm 1-Month Experience Compared With a Previously Reported Feasibility Study of Evening and Night at Home.

After testing of a wearable artificial pancreas (AP) during evening and night (E/N-AP) under free-living conditions in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), we investigated AP during day and night (D/N-AP) for 1 month.



Twenty adult patients with T1D who completed a previous randomized crossover study comparing 2-month E/N-AP versus 2-month sensor augmented pump (SAP) volunteered for 1-month D/N-AP nonrandomized extension. AP was executed by a model predictive control algorithm run by a modified smartphone wirelessly connected to a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and insulin pump. CGM data were analyzed by intention-to-treat with percentage time-in-target (3.9-10 mmol/L) over 24 h as the primary end point.



Time-in-target (mean ± SD, %) was similar over 24 h with D/N-AP versus E/N-AP: 64.7 ± 7.6 vs. 63.6 ± 9.9 (P = 0.79), and both were higher than with SAP: 59.7 ± 9.6 (P = 0.01 and P = 0.06, respectively). Time below 3.9 mmol/L was similarly and significantly reduced by D/N-AP and E/N-AP versus SAP (both P < 0.001). SD of blood glucose concentration (mmol/L) was lower with D/N-AP versus E/N-AP during whole daytime: 3.2 ± 0.6 vs. 3.4 ± 0.7 (P = 0.003), morning: 2.7 ± 0.5 vs. 3.1 ± 0.5 (P = 0.02), and afternoon: 3.3 ± 0.6 vs. 3.5 ± 0.8 (P = 0.07), and was lower with D/N-AP versus SAP over 24 h: 3.1 ± 0.5 vs. 3.3 ± 0.6 (P = 0.049). Insulin delivery (IU) over 24 h was higher with D/N-AP and SAP than with E/N-AP: 40.6 ± 15.5 and 42.3 ± 15.5 vs. 36.6 ± 11.6 (P = 0.03 and P = 0.0004, respectively).



D/N-AP and E/N-AP both achieved better glucose control than SAP under free-living conditions. Although time in the different glycemic ranges was similar between D/N-AP and E/N-AP, D/N-AP further reduces glucose variability.
Promoting self-efficacy and outcome expectations to enable adherence to resistance training after cardiac rehabilitation.

Resistance training offers clinical and functional benefits to cardiac patients, yet exercise adherence after cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is problematic. This study examined effects of an intervention targeting self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and adherence to upper-body resistance exercise after CR.



Cardiac patients (N = 40) were randomly allocated to receive either standard exercise recommendations (wait-list control) or an intervention involving a theory-based instructional manual and Thera-Band resistive bands for upper-body resistance exercise. Self-efficacy and outcome expectations were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks later. Participation in resistance exercise was measured at 4 weeks postbaseline and at 3-month follow-up.



The intervention group reported higher levels of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and resistance exercise volume compared with the control group at the 4-week follow-up. Adherence differences were sustained at 3-month follow-up, with some support that self-efficacy for adhering to resistance training mediated the effects of the intervention on follow-up exercise training frequency. Findings support the use of a theory-based motivational manual and Thera-Band resistive bands to increase self-efficacy and outcome expectations for, and adherence to, resistance training after CR.
Using linked open data to bootstrap corporate knowledge management in the OrganiK project

Tagging has become a wide-spread tool for organising content, from photos and music, to research paper and data-visualisations. Organising tags in a taxonomy adds hierarchical structure and relationships, this can be helpful, both for finding and applying tags to new content, as well as for enabling query expansion when searching. However, taxonomies can be very time-consuming to create and maintain. If a hierarchical taxonomy could be automatically built and adapted to a particular domain, the entry cost for using taxonomies for structuring information would go down. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) do not currently have sufficient resources to invest in Enterprise 2.0 technologies like taxonomies, wikis or blogging as the entry cost it too high. The  project aims to make Enterprise 2.0 features available with low entry- and maintenance costs.
 In this paper, an algorithm and methodology to automatically create and maintain taxonomies is presented. It analyses enterprise document corpora and uses background information from domain-specific data sources or from the Linked Open Data cloud to improve and contextualise the created SKOS taxonomy. Content created in a Drupal-based Enterprise 2.0 content management system is automatically categorised, and the automatically created taxonomy is extended when needed. The system has been tested with corpora of medical abstracts, computer science papers, and the Enron email collection, and is in productive use.
The S-100B substudy of the GLUTAMICS trial: glutamate infusion not associated with sustained elevation of plasma S-100B after coronary surgery.

Concerns have been raised about potential neurological injury related to exogenous glutamate. In cardiac surgery glutamate has been administered as a putative cardioprotective agent by cardioplegia or intravenous infusion. In the GLUTAMICS trial, in addition to surveillance of clinical neurological injuries, a prespecified subgroup was analyzed with regard to postoperative S-100B levels to detect potential subclinical neurological injury related to glutamate infusion.



Sixty-nine patients operated on for unstable coronary syndrome were randomized to intravenous infusion of glutamate (n=35) or saline (n=34) perioperatively. Plasma levels of S-100B were obtained on the third postoperative day.



S-100B in the glutamate group and the control group were 0.079+/-0.034microg/L and 0.090+/-0.042microg/L respectively (p=0.245). There were no patients with stroke or mortality. Three patients in the control group and two in the glutamate group had postoperative confusion. These patients had significantly elevated S-100B compared with those without confusion (0.132+/-0.047vs 0.081+/-0.036microg/L; p=0.003). Overall, 21 patients had S-100B above reference level (> or =0.10microg/L) and these patients had significantly more calcifications in the ascending aorta on epiaortic scanning.



Intravenous glutamate infusion during surgery for unstable coronary artery disease did not initiate a sustained elevation of plasma S-100B. Thus, no evidence for subclinical neurological injury related to glutamate infusion was found. In contrast, postoperative elevation of plasma S-100B was linked to calcification of the ascending aorta and postoperative confusion.
Potentiating endogenous antitumor immunity to prostate cancer through combination immunotherapy with CTLA4 blockade and GM-CSF.

CTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a costimulatory molecule expressed on activated T cells that delivers an inhibitory signal to these T cells. CTLA4 blockade with antibody treatment has been shown to augment antitumor immunity in animal models and is being developed as a treatment for cancer patients. As has been seen in preclinical models, combining CTLA4 blockade and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-based immunotherapies can enhance the antitumor efficacy of this approach. We therefore examined whether CTLA4 blockade could be combined with GM-CSF administration. We treated 24 patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer in a phase I trial where sequential cohorts were treated with increasing doses of ipilimumab, a fully human anti-CTLA4 antibody. Study subjects also received s.c. injections of GM-CSF at a fixed dose. Of the six patients treated at the highest dose level, three had confirmed PSA declines of >50%, including one patient that had a partial response in visceral metastases. Expansion of activated, circulating CD25(+) CD69(+) CD8(+) T cells occurred more frequently at higher doses of treatment and was greater in magnitude than was seen in patients who received the same doses of either ipilimumab or GM-CSF alone. By screening sera with protein arrays, we showed that our treatment can induce antibody responses to NY-ESO-1. These results show that this combination immunotherapy can induce the expansion not only of activated effector CD8 T cells in vivo but also of T cells that are specific for known tumor-associated antigens from the endogenous immune repertoire.
Strength duration curve for left ventricular epicardial stimulation in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy.

The strength duration curve has been studied for right ventricular endocardial stimulation. There are differences between left ventricular epicardial and right ventricular endocardial stimulation due to different electrophysiologic properties and different electrode-tissue interface. The strength duration curve for epicardial left ventricular stimulation has not been studied so far.



One hundred and three patients were studied. The strength duration curves were determined for left ventricular epicardial and right ventricular endocardial stimulation. The studied points were chronaxie, rheobase, and voltage threshold at 0.5 ms. Left ventricular leads Guidant 4512, 4513, 4537, 4538 (unipolar, area 3.5 mm(2); Guidant Corp., St. Paul, MN, USA), Medtronic 4193 (unipolar, area 5.8 mm(2); Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), Guidant 4518, 4542, 4543 (bipolar, area 4 mm(2)), St. Jude Medical (bipolar, area 4.8 mm(2); St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA), and Medtronic 4194 (bipolar, area 5.8 mm(2)) were studied.



The Guidant unipolar leads with a distal electrode area of 3.5 mm(2) had a lower chronaxie than the other studied leads. The left ventricular epicardial and right ventricular endocardial chronaxie for 15 patients with Medtronic left ventricular leads 4194 or 4193 (5.8 mm(2)) and right ventricular leads 6947 (5.7 mm(2)) were 0.52 +/- 0.36 ms and 0.62 +/- 0.46 ms (P > 0.05).



The left ventricular epicardial chronaxie depends on the lead. The left ventricular epicardial chronaxie is similar to the right ventricular endocardial chronaxie for leads with similar electrode stimulation area.
Persistence of DNMT3A mutations at long-term remission in adult patients with AML.

Mutations in DNMT3A, the gene encoding DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha, have been identified as molecular drivers in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with possible implications for minimal residual disease monitoring and prognosis. To further explore the utility of DNMT3A mutations as biomarkers for AML, we developed assays for sensitive detection of recurrent mutations affecting residue R882. Analysis of DNA from 298 diagnostic AML samples revealed DNMT3A mutations in 45 cases (15%), which coincided with mutations in NPM1, FLT3 and IDH1. DNMT3A mutations were stable in 12 of 13 patients presenting with relapse or secondary myelodysplastic syndrome, but were also present in remission samples from 14 patients (at allele frequencies of <1-50%) up to 8 years after initial AML diagnosis, despite the loss of all other molecular AML markers. The mutant DNMT3A allele burden was not related to the clinical course of disease. Cell sorting demonstrated the presence of DNMT3A mutations in leukaemic blasts, but also at lower allele frequencies in T and B-cells from the same patients. Our data are consistent with the recent finding of preleukaemic stem cells in AML, which are resistant to chemotherapy. The persistence of DNMT3A mutations during remission may have important implications for the management of AML.
The outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for children with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication-positive acute myelogenous leukemia.

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) internal tandem duplication (ITD) is a somatic mutation associated with poor outcome when treated with chemotherapy alone. In children, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is recommended, but very limited data on outcome are reported. We determined the outcome of 29 children with FLT3/ITD-positive acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who underwent allogeneic HSCT in 4 pediatric centers. Eleven patients (38%) received matched related donor hematopoietic stem cells and 18 (62%) received alternative donors. Eighteen patients (62%) received total body irradiation (TBI)-based regimens. No patients experienced transplantation-related mortality. Eleven patients (38%) experienced relapsed disease. The cumulative incidence of relapse at 2 years was 34.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.4% to 54.9%). Two-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 65.3% (95% CI, 45.1% to 79.6%) and 82.2% (95% CI, 58.5% to 91.3%), respectively. There was no difference in the DFS of patients who received transplants from related donors versus the DFS of those who received transplants from alternative donors (hazard ratio [HR], 2.64; 95% CI, .79 to 8.76; P = .10), using univariate analysis. Patients with higher FLT3/ITD ratio at diagnosis had significantly worse DFS (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.93; P = .03). The use of TBI in the preparative regimen was associated with superior DFS (HR, .29; 95% CI, .08 to .99; P = .04) and OS (HR, .07; 95% CI, .01 to .62; P = .002). We conclude that allogeneic HSCT improves DFS and OS in children with FLT3/ITD-positive AML compared with what has been reported in those treated with chemotherapy alone.