nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Lithofacies of Volcanic Rocks from Zhongguai Swell to District-5 and District-8 in Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin

The core observation,slices appraisal,well-logging and logging data analysis are conducted for study of volcanic lithologies of Carboniferous and Permian from Zhongguai swell to District-5 and District-8 in northwestern margin of Junggar basin,combining with seismic data interpretation.On the basis of single well facies and section facies analyses,the plane distribution map of lithofacies of Carboniferous and sub-group of Jiamuhe formation of Permian is plotted.The Carboniferous in this area is dominated by volcanic rocks,with some andesites in the northeast,central and southwest;tuff in vast east area and the south,volcanic-sedimentary rocks in the southwest,these multi-rocks in the northwest,and volcanic breccia and basalt scattered near the west.The sub-group of Jiamuhe is also divided into two sections,from bottom to top,the rocks has some continuity with Carboniferous,but the lithofacies of upper section shows increase of andesite and volcanic-sedimentary rocks,and decrease of basalt and tuff,which may owing to volcanic activity tending to diminish and cease.
Research on the Synthesis and Application of Graphene Composite Nanomaterials

During the last half decade, chemically modified graphene has been studied in the context of many applications, such as polymer composites, energy-related materials, sensors, and so on. Herein, we provide a recent development of the synthesis of graphene composite nanomaterials and their application. This paper will be of value to synthetic chemists interested in this emerging field of materials science, as well as those investigating applications of graphene.
The universal definition of spin current

The spin current, orbit angular momentum current and total angular momentum current in a tensor form have been universally defined according to the quantum electrodynamics. Their conservation quantities and the continuity equations have been discussed in different cases. Non-relativistic approximation forms are deduced in order to explain their physical meanings, and to analyze some experimental results. The spin current of helical edge states in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells is calculated to demonstrate the properties of the spin current of the two dimensional quantum spin-Hall system. A generalized spin-orbit coupling term in the semiconducting media is deduced based on the theory of the electrodynamics in the moving media. It is recommended to use the effective total angular momentum current instead of the pure spin current to describe the distribution of polarization and the transport properties in spintronics.
The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii

This new synthesis includes a section on plate kinematics, documenting the basis for a new interpretation of the magnetic anomaly patterns. It also includes: six chapters on various aspects of tectonics, petrologic characteristics, and hydrothermal processes of active ridges from the Galapagos Rift to the Juan de Fuca Ridge; a section on mid-plate volcanism, including the Hawaii-Emperor chain; five chapters on various aspects of northeastern Pacific sedimentary regimes; and nine chapters on the geology of the Pacific continental margin from the Aleutians to Guatemala, seen from the perspective of marine geology. Three separate oversize plates illustrate the bathymetry of the northeast Pacific; two more on the same base show distribution of sediment samples and types and magnetic anomaly data and tectonic interpretations; and others include a synthesis of the geology and bathymetry of the Hawaiian Islands, details of bathymetry along parts of the East Pacific Rise, and a major seismic profile across the Pacific margin of Guatemala.
The role of nurses' clinical impression in the first assessment of children at the emergency department.

To assess the diagnostic value and determinants of nurses' clinical impression for the recognition of children with a serious illness on presentation to the emergency department (ED).



Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort.



6390 consecutive children <16 years of age presenting to a paediatric ED with a non-surgical chief complaint and complete data available.



Diagnostic accuracy of nurses' clinical impression for the prediction of serious illness, defined by intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital admission. Determinants of nurses' impression that a child appeared ill.



Nurses considered a total of 1279 (20.0%) children appearing ill. Sensitivity of nurses' clinical impression for the recognition of patients requiring ICU admission was 0.70 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.76) and specificity was 0.81 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.82). Sensitivity for hospital admission was 0.48 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.51) and specificity was 0.88 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.88). When adjusted for age, gender, triage urgency and abnormal vital signs, nurses' impression remained significantly associated with ICU (OR 4.54; 95% CI 3.09 to 6.66) and hospital admission (OR 4.00; 95% CI 3.40 to 4.69). Ill appearance was positively associated with triage urgency, fever and abnormal vital signs and negatively with self-referral and presentation outside of office hours.



The overall clinical impression of experienced nurses at the ED is on its own, not an accurate predictor of serious illness in children, but provides additional information above some well-established and objective predictors of illness severity.
Hobbes and Schmitt

Many commentators are unconvinced by Carl Schmitt's interpretation of Hobbes's political theory which, to their minds, remakes Hobbes in Schmitt's own authoritarian image. The argument advanced in this essay comprises three claims about Hobbes and Schmitt and the ways in which they are construed. The first claim is that certain commentators are bewitched by a picture of authority which biases their own claims about Hobbes, perhaps in ways that they may not fully appreciate. The second claim relates to Hobbes's individualism. On Schmitt's account, it was this individualism that opened the barely visible crack in the theoretical justification of the state through which it was worm-eaten by liberalism. This essay argues that Hobbes's individualism is not what Schmitt or his critics take it to be. The individualism that figures in Hobbes's discussions of covenant and conscience, pace Schmitt, is an illusion, albeit one that lies at the very heart of his conception of the state and animates his understanding o...
Multisensor system using support vector machines for water quality classification

The field of monitoring drinking water acquires a particular importance in the last few years. The control of risks in the factories that produce and distribute water ensures the quality of this vital resource. Several methods and techniques were implemented in order to reduce these risks. We present here by a new technique called: support vector machines (SVMs). This method is developed from the statistical learning theory, which displays optimal training performances and generalization in several fields, among others the field of pattern recognition. The exposed technique ensures within a monitoring system, a direct and quasi permanent quality control of water. For a validation of the performances of this technique used as classification tool, a study in simulation of the training time, the recognition rate and the noise sensitivity, is carried out. With an aim of showing its functionality, an application test is presented.
THE APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA TO REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION IN KARAKORUM AREA

The Triassic metamorphic rocks south of Kangxiwa fault in Karakorum Mountain area are composed of two sorts of rocks with different remote sensing characteristics. Field work shows that one sort is hypometamorphic rock whose lithologic features, deformation and metamorphic facies are similar to those of Proterozoic Group in Tarim plate, and the other belongs really to Triassic. There exists an unknown deep fault between the two sorts of rocks, which has a distinct linear feature in the remote sensing image. Based on geological analysis, it is considered that this fault is an important geological boundary.
SPECIAL ISSUE： EARLY MODERN ECONOMY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE： CHINAAND EUROPE Trust, Capitalism and Contract in English Economic History： 1500-1750

大多数市场交易都会因缺乏现款而扩大非正式信贷业务，这意味着人际之间的信任关系是至关重要的，如此，一个人所具有的诚实和公平交易的声誉对于他事业的成功便十分重要。现金只是在有限的交易中使用，而信用，通常以家庭为单位，作为一种信任的“文化性货币”在大多数商业交易中被使用。信任、信仰和信用相互伴随，当信用为中层人上赢得财富和地位时，经济信用和社会信用之间已没有截然的界限。16世纪后期随着市场的扩展，信用网络更多地牵扯到长距离的贸易关系中．如此信任便更多地出现问题，债务纠纷常常导致人们争执纷起。随着普通法越来越被用于促使当事人去履行契约，由此产生了大量诉讼。因过度负债而有朝下的社会流动发生，这反而进一步加强了拥有良好信用的社会重要性，也造成信用文化逐渐走向法制化。尽管信用方面的竞争，以及保征家庭经济收益的需要，削弱了在市场中保持信任关系的重要性；但是没有信任，经济活动仍无法进行．结果，商业增长主要被看作是一种社交活动的增长．因为它需要信任。信任逐渐被认为是公正的基础，且信守承诺则成为所有社会组织的基础。但是到1750年，诉讼下降到很低的水平，理性个人的自控能力和讲礼貌的品质在纠纷解决中相比于法律手段扮演了更为重要的角色。在近代早期，冲突只有在发生以后才被加以处置，然而如今个人的自控能力致力于抑制个人间的冲突，以及诉讼的发生。结果，18世纪时“资本”和“储蓄”的概念得到了发展，信用网络的结构也发生了变化。
Учение Руссо о ценностях и его политические взгляды

The article deals with the development of the original theory of values in Rousseau's works (the ideas of "order" and " the good"). The relations to the ideas of philosophers of the Enlightenment and the apologists of Christianity are analyzed and the role of the values theory in the political theory of the thinker is indicated. The author of the article underlines that the interpretation of these ideas by J.-J. Rousseau was deeply influenced by the dialogue with Malebranche and critical attitude towards thoughts of philosophers of the Enlightenment.
Digital activism: How social media and dissensus inform theory and practice

Through thematic analysis of user-generated comments to posts on Chick-fil-A’s Facebook page, this article explores the postmodern concept of dissensus ( Lyotard, 1988 ) as an area for development in activist and social media research. This article examines which dissenting perspectives emerged, how dissensus was expressed, and the implications of this for practitioners and scholars. Several areas for embracing dissensus suggest how social media may impact public relations practice and theory.
The French microelectronics training network supported by industry and education ministries

The Microelectronics Education in France is organised through a National Committee (CNFM) which makes links between Ministries (Education, Industry, Research), education institutions, and the trade Associations of this field. Eleven interuniversity centers providing education in process technology and Computer-Aided-Design in several fields of application were created during the 80's taking into account the geographic distribution of the research laboratories and training institutions. The aim of this paper is to show how CNFM constitutes a strength in the French education system and allows the development of the microelectronics education, as well as research beginner or continuing education.
Learning From Japan About The Nurturance Gap In America$fr:1$f:0034–6764/94/0301 -2/$1.50/0$ef:

If we confine attention to the inner dynamics of advanced monopoly capitalism, it is hard to avoid the conclusion that the prospect … would be the spread of increasingly severe psychic disorders leading to the impairment and eventual breakdown of the system's ability to function even on its own terms — Paul Baran and Paul Sweezy Pareto optimality is faint praise indeed — A. K. Sen
Dante and Renaissance Florence

Acknowledgements List of abbreviations Introduction Part I. Competing Cults: the Legacy of the Trecento and the Impact of Humanism, 1350-1430: 1. Boccaccio and Petrarch 2. Florentine humanism and vernacular culture: perspectives on Dante, 1375-1430 Part II. New Directions and the Rise of the Vernacular, 1430-1481: 3. Dante as a civic and linguistic model, 1430-1441 4. Dante and Florentine vernacular humanism: critical judgments and literary experiments Part III. Cristoforo Landino and his Comento sopra la Comedia (1481): 5. Cristoforo Landino on Dante and Florence: the prologue to the Comento 6. Tradition and innovation in Cristoforo Landino's Comento: platonism, natural science and classicism Conclusion Notes Selected bibliography Index.
Development of Corporate Social Responsibility Legislation in Argentina.

The purpose of this paper is, on the one hand, to disclose the legislative actions that Argentine Government its different jurisdictions has undertaken about Corporate Social Responsibility in; and, on the other hand, to set the authors point of view as regards its future development. Considering the fact that there is no a comprehensive national legislation about this subject, some local laws and initiatives are taken as example. One of them is Act No. 2594 by Legislatura de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, which demands companies to publish entrepreneurial social reports. Another source is national Act No. 25877 and its modification proposals, which deals with Working Regime Order in relation to Social Report publications. Besides, another regulatory project about the topic from Municipalidad de San Carlos de Bariloche is taken into account.
Friendship and money, oil and water? Credit constraints and "Family and Friends" finance

The use of informal finance is primarily discussed in the context of developing countries and start-up businesses. Survey data used in this study, however, shows that ``Family and Friends'' (F\&F) finance is also remarkably widespread among established firms in Germany, a highly developed country. Establishing a causal link, Instrumental Variables estimations in this study show that firms use F\&F finance in response to credit constraints. Considering that welfare gains from financial intermediation no longer materialize when firms go informal, this result is of utmost importance in the analysis of the consequences of a non-functioning financial system, even in developed economies.
Organizational Justice Perceptions in China: Development of the Chinese Organizational Justice Scale

ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE PERCEPTIONS IN CHINA: DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHINESE ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE SCALE Katherine Mohler Fodchuk Old Dominion University, 2009 Director: Dr. Donald D. Davis Research analyzing fairness perceptions within organizations has gained the attention of cross-cultural theorists as the criteria used to judge fairness varies across cultures. Review of the literature indicates that researchers use translated Western measures of organizational justice on Eastern samples despite evidence of cultural variation in justice criteria. This dissertation addresses some of the gaps in the current research by developing and validating an indigenous measure of Chinese organizational justice perceptions. A preliminary qualitative study revealed numerous justice rules used by Chinese employees to determine whether a workplace decision was fair. The qualitative results were used to develop the Chinese Organizational Justice Scale (COJS). The COJS and various outcome measures were administered to 307 Chinese employees. The COJS revealed a fivefactor model for Chinese organizational justice perceptions with distributive justice breaking into two factors. The five-factor COJS measurement model indicated excellent fit and psychometric properties and included factors of distributive justice west (equity-based distributions), distributive justice east (distributions based on need, guanxi, and nonperformance related equity criteria), procedural justice, informational justice, and interpersonal justice. Unique Chinese justice criteria were identified for distributive justice and procedural justice.
Comments on Richard Webster's book: Why Freud Was Wrong: Sin, Science and Psychoanalysis

In October 1997, a conference on the future of psychiatry took place in Oslo, arranged by Einar Kringlen, a senior professor of psychiatry. University of Oslo. Richard Webster, the author of “Why Freud Was Wrong: Sin, Science and Psychoanalysis” was one of the two main speakers. One of Webster's central theses is that psychoanalysis is mostly a dogmatic, religious belief system, and not a scientifically founded enterprise. A panel was invited to comment on Webster's presentation. Siri Erika Gullestad, Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Oslo, and psychoanalyst, was one of the panelists. In the following, her discussion of Webster's book is presented.
Formation of Corundum, Magnesium Titanate, and Titanium(III) Oxide at the Interface between Rutile and Molten Al or AlSi7Mg0.6 Alloy

For the filtration of oxide inclusions in aluminum melts, active materials covering the surface of ceramic filters are developed permanently. In this study, corundum (α-Al2O3) filters coated with rutile (TiO2) coatings are exposed to molten aluminum and to aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg0.6, respectively. For pure aluminum, the chemical reactions occurring at the interface between the metal melt and the filter surface are found to lead primarily to the formation of Al2O3 at the surface of the functionalized filter. Al3Ti and Ti2O3 are found as minor phases for long operation times. In the case of aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg0.6, the surface of the TiO2 coatings is covered by MgTiO3. Additional phases are Al2O3 and Al3Ti. One part of the interface reaction experiments is performed on powder mixtures to identify the reaction products, another one on functionalized filters to estimate the reaction kinetics. The experiments are performed in a Spark Plasma Sintering apparatus, which offers high heating rates that are comparable with those in standard cast processes, but impedes the macroscopic flow of the melt in case of the bulk samples. The equilibrium state is concluded from thermodynamic calculations using the CalPhaD method.
The role of translators in children's literature : invisible storytellers

Popular Fiction in Translation: The Child as Consumer of Romances and Fables in the Medieval and Early Modern  Tales of the Marvellous 1690-1760: The Arabian Nights and the French Fairy Tale 4: Imagination, Reason and Mapping the World 1750-1820 5: Religious Stories and the Artful Fairy Tale in the Nineteenth Century 6: The Translating Woman: Assertive Professional or Invisible Storyteller 7: Summary  Translation Practices and the Child Audience Part Two  Into the Twentieth Century: Classics, the Folk Tale and Internationalism 1870-1940 9: Rewarding Translation for Children: Landmark Translations from 1940 and the Batchelder and Marsh  Retranslation in the Twentieth And Twenty-First Centuries: For Children or Adults? 11: Translators' Voices 12: From Anonymity to Global Marketing: The Role of Translators in Children's Literature Notes Bibliography Index
Ethical naturalism : current debates

Naturalism in moral philosophy Gilbert Harman 2.  five arguments from Parfit against normative naturalism David Copp 3. Naturalism: feel the width Roger Crisp 4. On ethical naturalism and the philosophy of language Frank Jackson 5. Metaethical pluralism: how both moral naturalism and moral skepticism may be permissible positions Richard Joyce 6. Moral naturalism and categorical reasons Terence Cuneo 7. Does analytical moral naturalism rest on a mistake? Susana Nuccetelli and Gary Seay 8. Supervenience and the nature of normativity Michael Ridge 9. Can normativity be naturalized? Robert Audi 10. Ethical non-naturalism and experimental philosophy Robert Shaver 11. Externalism, motivation, and moral knowledge Sergio Tenenbaum 12. Naturalism, absolutism, relativism Michael Smith.
The Object Partition Problem

We provide a theoretical framework for the "object partition problem". We begin by considering this problem In a rather abstract context. Consider the semantic domain of physical objects, and the syntactic domain of picture graphs. The object partition problem can be viewed In terms of specifying syntactic operations that yield partitions of the picture graph, which when interpreted In the semantic domaih correspond to possible partitions of the scene into physical objects. We term such syntactic partitions "physically realizable partitions" or simply "realizable partitions". The problem has several aspects. We may seek all possible partitions, the one "best" partition, several plausible partitions, judge or rank proposed partitions, and so forth. The most Important aspect of the problem, In sone sense, is determining the "best" or most likely realizable partition. Guzman's SEE attempts to deal with this problem. Guzman uses his understanding of the semantic physical world of objects to make local choices on the best partition of a given picture graph. These choices are somewhat Interrelated. They are combined to inform global decisions which may also be interrelated. Guzman's SEE is a remarkable heuristic programming achievement. However, as might be expected of tho germinal achievement in its field, It lacks a satisfactory theoretical framework. There Is some difficulty in determining the motivations and implications of Gukian's heuristic decisions.
Connecting southern Californians with nature

Ecosystem services is a term used to describe the benefits to people fiom natural areas (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Services to humans can range from food production to water purification to aesthetics. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) was initiated in 2001 to assess the consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being and the scientific basis for actions needed to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of those systems. The assessment involved more than 1,300 experts worldwide.
Dissociation pathways and species distribution of aluminum bound to an aquatic fulvic acid

A ligand-exchange reaction between Al-fulvic acid (FA) complexes and lumogallion (Lum), Al-FA+Lum→Al-Lum+FA, was investigated by following the appearance of the fluorescent complex AlLum. Rate data fit a model of simultaneous first-order reactions and indicated that the concentration of the slowest reacting component increased with increasing fulvic acid concentration. Small changes in pH (5.0-5.5) and in ionic strength (I=0.02-0.11)had no effect on the observed rates
On the chemistry of ion exchange in monomolecular layers of lipids.

The main purpose of this work has been to study further the association of cations and anions with cell membrane lipids, in particular with phosphatidylcholine. The adsorption of Ca 2+ or SO 4 2− to phosphatidylcholine monolayers (measured with isotopes) shows that there is no uptake of these ions under various experimental conditions including different bulk pH values and concentrations. The presence or absence of charges in monomolecular films of lipids can be inferred by utilizing a method of analysis proposed here; it depends on the study of the cation and anion exchange properties of each functional group found in lipids. To mimic the structure of the polar head of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine, surface-active molecules with phosphoric, carboxyl and trimethylammonium groups were combined in various proportions and used to form a mixed monolayer. The uptake of Ca 2+ or SO 4 2− by mixed monolayers of octadecyltrimethylammonium and octadecyl phosphate (both groups present in phosphatidylcholine) indicate that when the molar fraction of octadecyltrimethylammonium is about 0.4 the mixed monolayers behaves as neutral.
Economy of Dreams: Hope in Global Capitalism and Its Critiques

In this article, I respond to Vincent Crapanzano's recent call for attention to the category of hope as a term of social analysis by bringing it into view as a new terrain of commonality and difference across different forms of knowledge. I consider the efforts of participants active in the capitalist market to reorient their knowledge in response to neoliberal reforms side by side with the efforts of academic critics of capitalism to reorient their critique. These efforts to reorient knowledge as a shared method of hope bring to light contrasting views on where such a reorientation might lead.