nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
English Schooled: International Society Between Hegemony and Jihad

American Hegemony and Interstate Cooperation in the War on Terrorism. By Barak Mendelsohn, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2009. 304 pp., $45.00 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-226-52011-7).

Barak Mendelsohn breathes new life into English School theory and policy relevance with Combating Jihadism: American Hegemony and Interstate Cooperation . As a state-centric perspective focusing on the rules and order of “international society,” the English School (ES) has been a realist cousin, whereby state interests and power matter but with a hint of sociality defining legitimate action in ways that transcend realist materialism. Just what exactly ES offers in contrast to realism and other theoretical views has not always been clear in the thirty-plus years since Hedley Bull's foundational book, The Anarchical Society . Mendelsohn revisits the perspective, freshens it up with policy-relevant focus on both the transnational terrorism and the age of American hegemony. In so doing, he relates these two as twin forces that international society guards against in its pursuit of survival and stability as a community of sovereign states. While not wholly successful in his theoretical or empirical tasks, he makes a plausible case for taking norms and normative behavior seriously in the study of both counterterrorism and hegemonic orders.

Mendelsohn's thesis is that transnational “jihadism” is a threat to international society. He argues that disparate states with their own interests nonetheless come together and cooperate because of a desire to preserve the social order threatened by transnational jihadists. Such various states set aside differences and bear high material costs to do so, even following the “hegemonic” power, the United States, to uphold the survival and stability of international society. But, cooperation is contingent on the hegemon's leadership being …
W. E. Johnson's 1913 Paper and the Question of his Knowledge of Pareto

In 1913, the Cambridge logician W.E. Johnson published a famous article on demand theory in the Economic Journal. Although Johnson’s treatment of the subject strongly resembles the analysis set forth by Pareto in the Manual of Political Economy, Johnson does not cite the Italian economist. This has aroused a long-standing debate about Johnson’s actual acquaintance with Pareto’s works, but the debated point has never been thoroughly investigated. The present paper addresses the question of Johnson’s knowledgeof Pareto both from an analytical and historical viewpoint, by examining Johnson’s life in the Cambridge environment and his available unpublished papers. Even though the new evidence gathered gives some weight to the thesis that Johnson could not have been unaware of Pareto’s Manual, it cannot exclude the possibility that the logician wrote his paper autonomously.
CASE Tools and the IS workplace: Some findings form empirical research

This paper explores the implications for IS personnel of the introduction and implementation of automated systems development aids, which are referred to as CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) Tools in today's IS environment. The discussion presented in this paper draws on an extensive, in-depth analysis of the use of these technologies that was conducted over a period of eight months in a large, multinational software consulting firm. The paper will conclude by making recommendations for practice and future research.
Highly aligned nonwoven vapor grown carbon fibre based polyurethane fibrous membrane for direction-dependent microwave shielding

Highly aligned nonwoven vapor grown carbon fibre (VGCF) based polyurethane (PU) fibrous membrane (VGCF@PUFM) was fabricated by rotation spinning based on DMF-H 2 O exchange for directional microwave shielding. This VGCF@PUFM showed obviously different electrical conductivity and mechanical strength in parallel and perpendicular directions. Variational microwave shielding effectiveness (SE) could be observed by changing the rotation angles of VGCF@PUFM with vibrational direction of electromagnetic (EM) wave. There was the shielding difference more than 10 dB (above 20 dB in 0°, below 8 dB in 90°). Greater shielding effectiveness could be expected by enhancing the anisotropy of electrical conductivity of the VGCF@PUFM. In addition, oriented alignment of VGCF in fibre is promising for further improvement of the electrical conductivity in fibre direction.
The Entrepreneur in Economic Thought: A Thematic Overview

Even though the term 'entrepreneur' originated and gained currency as part of economic theory, today it is very often used in a loose, generic sense. This, according to the author, may be due to the fact that the concept could never be fully integrated into a coherent economic theory, except for a brief period of Schumpetarian synthesis. And in recent years, when the develop ment of entrepreneurship, rather than explaining it, has become the prime concern, the concept has virtually disappeared from economic theory.
ZnO-Co3O4-Cr2O3-La2O3 세라믹스의 결함과 입계 특성에 미치는 CaCO3의 영향

Liquid phases in ZnO varistors cause more complex phase development and microstructure, which makes the control of electrical properties and reliability more difficult. Therefore, we have investigated 2 mol% $CaCO_3$ doped $ZnO-Co_3O_4-Cr_2O_3-La_2O_3$ (ZCCLCa) bulk ceramics as one of the compos...
Combinatorial and probabilistic properties of systems of numeration

Let G = (G(n))(n) be a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers with G(0) = 1. We study the system of numeration defined by this sequence by looking at the corresponding compactification K-G of N and the extension of the addition-by-one map tau on K-G (the 'odometer'). We give sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of tau-invariant measures on K-G in terms of combinatorial properties of G.
Modeling linear logic with implicit functions

Just as intuitionistic proofs can be modeled by functions, linear logic proofs, being symmetric in the inputs and outputs, can be modeled by relations (for example, cliques in coherence spaces). However generic relations do not establish any functional dependence between the arguments, and therefore it is questionable whether they can be thought as reasonable generalizations of functions. On the other hand, in some situations (typically in differential calculus) one can speak in some precise sense about an implicit functional dependence defined by a relation. It turns out that it is possible to model linear logic with implicit functions rather than general relations, an adequate language for such a semantics being (elementary) differential calculus. This results in a non-degenerate model enjoying quite strong completeness properties.
Model for isopaching Jurassic-age Norphlet Formation in Mobile Bay, Alabama area

Deep gas was discovered in the Norphlet Sandstone of Mobile Bay Alabama in 1979. Sixteen wells, of which Exxon Company, U.S.A. has had an interest in eight, have tested gas from depths greater than 20,000 ft and at an average rate of 19 million ft/sub 3/ of gas per day. The dominant structural features in Mobile Bay are large east-west-trending salt-supported anticlines associated with salt pull-apart listric normal faulting. Throws on these faults measure up to 1000 ft. Individual structures have dimensions as large as 15 mi in an east-west strike direction and 8 mi in a north-south dip direction. The Jurassic age (Callovian) Norphlet of Mobile Bay is characterized by eolian dune sand deposits up to 700 ft thick. An important factor affecting future development drilling is the accurate prediction of reservoir thickness. This presentation shows that an integrated study of seismic and well data has facilitated the development of a geological model for isopaching the Norphlet Formation. The isopach exhibits a strong north-northwest-south-southeast orientation of parallel thicks and thins. These trends are believed to be the result of original eolian deposition of complex linear dunes in the Norphlet Sandstone. The major east-west structural grain of faults and anticlinesmore » overprints this preserved depositional trend.« less
Molecular and genetic advances to understanding evolution and biodiversity in the polar regions.

In September 2011, Aberdeen (UK) hosted the World Conference on Marine Biodiversity (WCMB). Within this Conference, the multidisciplinary international Science Research Programme (SRP) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) “Evolution and Biodiversity in the Antarctic — The Response of Life to Change (EBA)” was granted a generous platform, which included a full-day Side Meeting on Advances in Evolution and Biodiversity in Marine Antarctic Environments. To mark the importance of this subject, as an outcome of the WCMB we decided to promote an EBA Special Issue of Marine Genomics, focussing on marine biodiversity in the polar regions. The contributions in this issue address the role of environmental change, variability and extreme events in the biological processes of marine organisms, including subjects such as phylogeography, phylogeny, phenotypic plasticity and molecular/ physiological adaptations in the vertebrates and invertebrates of both polar oceans. Polar habitats influence the pace and nature of global environmental changes, and respond to these changes in an integrated system of biologically modulated connections. In contrast with the terrestrial environment, Antarctic marine biodiversity is high. Perhaps the most pristine region on Earth, the Antarctic marine realm is fragile with undescribed organisms, continuous speciation and high endemism. “Polar amplification” of global anthropogenic warming causes acceleration of glacier retreat, sea-ice thinning and loss, and permafrost degradation, and raises the possibility that human influence may cause a major extinction event over the next 50 years. There is unprecedented urgency and importance to better understand the patterns, diversity and controlling processes of organisms, ecosystems and habitats in the Antarctic. This requires not only knowledge of physical and ecological processes, but also the physiological and molecular responses to ecosystem changes, as genomics underly organisms' ability (or their lack of it) to adapt and survive. Better knowledge of Antarctic marine communities at their various levels of organisation (molecular, cellular, individual, population, etc.) may reveal crucial warnings of the impacts of current environmental changes. The largest challenge facing mankind today is the management of the Earth System to ensure a sustainable future. The concept of a “sustainable world” is strongly linked to that of biodiversity. All life becomes possible because biodiversity makes the planet what it is. Biodiversity depends on the diversity of genes, individuals, species, habitats, as well as their interconnections and relationships. Long-term warming, ocean acidification, and other anthropogenic impacts may present major challenges to the survival and biodiveristy of Antarctic marine communities, as well as their terrestrial and limnetic counterparts. Present patterns of biodiversity are a consequence of processes operating on physiological, ecological and
Intangible Assests and Market Value: Evidence from Biotechnology Firms

We examine the relationship between the characteristics of the firms' knowledge base in terms of knowledge capital and knowledge integration and the stock market value of 99 firms active in biotechnology during the nineties. Panel data regression models show that our measure of knowledge integration better explains the variance of a firm's market value than the more conventional variable of knowledge capital. This econometric relationship becomes stronger as the technology cycle reaches more mature phases. Meanwhile, profitable and research-intensive firms reach higher levels of market value.
The Regulative and the Constitutive In Kant’s and Hegel’s Theories of History

I show one reason why Hegel's theory of history is an improvement over Kant's. There is an ambiguity in Kant's theory of history. He wants, on the one hand, to distinguish empirical history (and, by extension, other empirical sciences which constitute experience) from reason's a priori regulative role in history. On the other hand, his view of the nature of sceinces and the role of reason precludes such a separation. I trce this problem to different roles assigned the faculties of understanding and reason in our experience. In Hegel's theory of history, both reason and undestanding together constitute the sciences, and thus exprience. Hegel argues that history is a unified field employing both understanding and reason. I conclude that the more consistent theory of history for idealists is Hegel's, and that this consistency partially explains the movement in German idealism form kantian to hegelian thought.
Images Revisited – Postmodern Perceptions of Power and Democracy: Political Empowerment in the Danish Case

This article discusses postmodern perceptions of power and democracy based on a Danish study. Danes appear to have a nuanced perception of societal power and former and well known images of society seem out-faded. Politicians, media, capital, interest organisations and experts are all experienced as powerful. Most people, however, conceptualise power as being blurred, systemic and structural. Nevertheless, the Danes generally do not feel powerless or distant from power. Paradoxically, while experiences of power as ‘system’ are common, the actors appear to be both resourceful and active – there is a high degree of empowerment. Confidence in indi-vidual capacity to make a difference is considerable.  Danes seem to believe that it can pay to exercise one's influence – that one is able to make a difference.
Studies on Marxism in postwar Japan : main issues in political economy and the materialist outlook of history

１ Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｉｓｍ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ Ｃｏｎｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ Ｗｏｒｌｄ（Ｍａｒｘ’ｓ Ｒａｄｉａｎｔ Ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ；Ｔｈｅ Ｃｈａｏｔｉｃ Ｆｉｎ ｄｅ Ｓｉ｀ｅｃｌｅ Ｗｏｒｌｄ；Ｄｉｓａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅ ｏｆ Ｖｉｅｗｓ ｏｆ Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ ほか） ２ Ｍａｉｎ Ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ ｏｆ Ｍａｒｘｉｓｔ Ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ ｏｎ Ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌ Ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ ａｆｔｅｒ ｔｈｅ Ｓｔａｌｉｎ Ｃｒｉｔｉｃｉｓｍ ｉｎ Ｊａｐａｎ（Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ ｈｕｍａｎ ｌａｂｏｕｒ；Ｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ‐ｆｒｏｍ ａｎｄ ｉｔｓ ｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓ ほか） ３ Ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ Ｒｅｎａｉｓｓａｎｃｅ ｏｆ Ｍａｒｘｉｓｍ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ２１ｓｔ Ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ（Ｔｈｅ Ｗｏｒｌｄ ａｔ ｔｈｅ Ｏｐｅｎｉｎｇ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ２１ｓｔ Ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ；Ｔｈｅ Ｃｒｉｓｉｓ ｏｆ Ｔｏｄａｙ’ｓ Ｍａｒｘｉｓｍ；Ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ ｏｆ Ｍａｒｘｉｓｍ ｉｎ Ｐｏｓｔｗａｒ Ｊａｐａｎ ほか）
Social science to improve fuels management: a synthesis of research on the impacts of wildland fires on communities

A series of syntheses were commissioned by the U.S. Forest Service to aid in fuels mitigation project planning. Focusing on research on the social impacts of wildland fire, this synthesis explores decisions and actions taken by communities before, during, and after a wildland fire to minimize its impacts. It then synthesizes the research studying (1) the consequences of these decisions and (2) the community impacts of wildland fire.
Tuning the Redox Properties of a Nonheme Iron(III)-Peroxo Complex Binding Redox-Inactive Zinc Ions by Water Molecules.

Redox-inactive metal ions play important roles in tuning chemical properties of metal-oxygen intermediates. Herein we report the effect of water molecules on the redox properties of a nonheme iron(III)-peroxo complex binding redox-inactive metal ions. The coordination of two water molecules to a Zn(2+) ion in (TMC)Fe(III) -(O2 )-Zn(CF3 SO3 )2 (1-Zn(2+) ) decreases the Lewis acidity of the Zn(2+) ion, resulting in the decrease of the one-electron oxidation and reduction potentials of 1-Zn(2+) . This further changes the reactivities of 1-Zn(2+) in oxidation and reduction reactions; no reaction occurred upon addition of an oxidant (e.g., cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN)) to 1-Zn(2+) , whereas 1-Zn(2+) coordinating two water molecules, (TMC)Fe(III) -(O2 )-Zn(CF3 SO3 )2 -(OH2 )2 [1-Zn(2+) -(OH2 )2 ], releases the O2 unit in the oxidation reaction. In the reduction reactions, 1-Zn(2+) was converted to its corresponding iron(IV)-oxo species upon addition of a reductant (e.g., a ferrocene derivative), whereas such a reaction occurred at a much slower rate in the case of 1-Zn(2+) -(OH2 )2 . The present results provide the first biomimetic example showing that water molecules at the active sites of metalloenzymes may participate in tuning the redox properties of metal-oxygen intermediates.
HIT: A Human-Inspired Trust Model

This paper presents a new approach to assign trust levels in ad hoc networks. Our system is inspired by the human concept of trust. The trust level considers the recommendation of trustworthy neighbors and their own experience. For the recommendation computation, we take into account not only the trust level, but also its accuracy and the relationship maturity. We also propose the Recommendation Exchange Protocol (REP), which minimizes the number of exchanged messages. The results show the efficacy of the system and the influence of main parameters.
Vacuum quantum effect for the moving Plates in Robertson--Walker Spacetime

The energy-momentum tensor for a massless conformally coupled scalar field in the region between two parallel plates moving by uniform proper accelerations in k = −1 Robertson–Walker spacetime is investigated. We assume that the scalar field satisfies the Dirichlet boundary condition on the plates. k = −1 Robertson– Walker space is conformally related to the Rindler space, as a result we can obtain vacuum expectation values of energy-momentum tensor for conformally invariant field in Robertson–Walker space from the corresponding Rindler counterpart by the conformal transformation. E-mail: rezakord@ipm.ir E-mail: pouriya@ipm.ir
Reversible inactivation of cytochrome P450 by alkaline earth metal ions: auxiliary metal ion induced conformation change and formation of inactive P420 species in CYP101.

The effects of the divalent alkaline-earth metal ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) on the substrate binding affinity, spin-state transition at the heme active site, conformational properties as well as the stability of the active form of cytochrome P450cam (CYP 101) have been investigated using various spectroscopic and kinetic methods. The divalent cations were found to have two types of effects on the enzyme. At the initial stage the alkaline-earth metal ion facilitated enhanced binding of the substrate and formation of the high-spin form of the heme active center of the enzyme compared to that in absence of any metal ion. However, analogous to many other mono-valent metal ions, the alkaline-earth metal ions were also less efficient than K+ in promoting the substrate binding and spin-transition properties of the enzyme. The auxiliary metal ions were shown to cause small but distinct change in the circular dichroism spectra of the substrate-free enzyme in the visible region, indicating that the tertiary structure around the heme was perturbed on binding of the auxiliary metal ion to the enzyme. The effect of the auxiliary metal ion was found to be more prominent in the WT enzyme compared to the Y96F mutant of P450cam suggesting that the Tyr 96 residue plays an important role in mediating the effects of the auxiliary metal ions to the active site of the enzyme. At the second stage of interaction, the alkaline-earth metal ions were found to slowly convert the enzyme into an inactive P420 form, which could be reversibly re-activated by addition of KCl. The results have been discussed in the light of understanding the mechanism of inactivation of certain mammalian P450 enzymes by these alkaline-earth metal ions.
An integrated and adaptive decision-support framework for high-tech manufacturing and service networks

This article describes the results of one of the ten pilot programmes under the Integrated Manufacturing and Service Systems (IMSS) initiative pursued by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* STAR) in Singapore. The objective of this particular programme is to investigate how design, analysis, enhancement and implementation of critical business processes in a manufacturing and service network can be realised using one single simulation/application framework. The overall architecture of the framework outlines how commercial simulation packages and web-service based business process application components would have to be connected through a commercial application framework to achieve maximum leverage and re-usability of the applications involved. In the pilot phase of this programme, research issues were also addressed with regard to mechanisms for interoperation between commercial simulation packages, symbiotic interaction between simulation-based decision support components and physical systems, and simulation speed-up through multi-objective optimal computing budget allocation techniques on a grid infrastructure.
A Simple Combinatorial Proof of Duality of Multiroute Flows and Cuts

A classical flow is a nonnegative linear combination of unit flows along simple paths. A multiroute flow, first considered by Kishimoto and Takeuchi, generalizes this concept. The basic building blocks are not single paths with unit flows but rather tuples consisting of k edge disjoint paths, each path with a unit flow. A multiroute flow is a nonnegative linear combination of such tuples. We present a simple combinatorial proof of the duality theorem for multiroute flows and cuts and its corollary which characterizes multiroute flows in terms of classical flows. Specifically, we show that a (classical) flow of size F is a k-flow if and only if the flow through every edge is at most F/k. This duality then immediately yields an efficient algorithm. 1 On leave from Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Email addresses: {bagchi,amic}@ics.uci.edu (Amitabha Bagchi, Amitabh Chaudhary), kolman@cs.ucr.edu (Petr Kolman), sgall@math.cas.cz (Jǐŕı Sgall).
New tectonic divisions of the Grenville Province, Southeast Canadian Shield

On the basis of geological, geophysical, and geochronological data, the Grenville Province has been divided into three first-order longitudinal belts, the Parautochthonous Belt (PB), Allochthonous Polycyclic Belt (APB), and Allochthonous Monocyclic Belt (AMB). These are set apart by three first-order tectonic boundaries, the Grenville Front (GF), Allochthon Boundary Thrust (ABT), and Monocyclic Belt Boundary Zone (MBBZ). The belts are subdivided into terranes based on internal lithological character. The GF separates the Archean to Proterozoic foreland northwest of the orogen from reworked equivalents to the southeast. Continuous at the scale of the orogen, its main characteristic is that of a crustal-scale contraction fault. The PB, although less clearly identified along the length of the orogen, in most places represents upgraded and tectonically reworked rocks of the adjacent foreland. The boundary between the PB and the APB to the southeast, the ABT, is most clearly delineated in the eastern half of the province. It is the locus of major crustal delamination along which high-grade, mostly middle Proterozoic, polycyclic terranes were tectonically transported northwest toward and onto the PB. The AMB comprises two separate areas underlain by the Wakeham Supergroup and what is currently known as the Grenville Supergroup, respectively; its basal contact, the MBBZ, is a decollement zone of variable kinematic significance between older polycyclic rocks and tectonically overlying monocyclic rocks. This first-order zonation implies a tectonic polarity to the Grenville Province, superimposed on which are second-order features evident from contrasting tectonic styles and radiometric ages. These characteristics are consistent with a diachronous or oblique collisional model for the Grenville orogen.