nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on psychopathology and behavior.

This study examined prevalence of psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems in children with and without prenatal alcohol exposure (AE) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).



Primary caregivers of 344 children (8 to 16 years, M = 12.28) completed the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV (C-DISC-4.0) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Subjects comprised 4 groups: AE with ADHD (AE+, n = 85) and without ADHD (AE-, n = 52), and nonexposed with ADHD (ADHD, n = 74) and without ADHD (CON, n = 133). The frequency of specific psychiatric disorders, number of psychiatric disorders (comorbidity), and CBCL behavioral scores were examined using chi-square and analysis of covariance techniques.



Clinical groups had greater frequency of all psychiatric disorders, except for anxiety, where the AE- and CON groups did not differ. There was a combined effect of AE and ADHD on conduct disorder. For comorbidity, children with ADHD had increased psychiatric disorders regardless of AE, which did not have an independent effect on comorbidity. For CBCL scores, there were significant main effects of AE and ADHD on all scores and significant AE × ADHD interactions for Withdrawn/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, Attention, and all Summary scores. There was a combined effect of AE and ADHD on Externalizing, Total Problems, and Attention Problems.



Findings indicate that ADHD diagnosis elevates children's risk of psychiatric diagnoses, regardless of AE, but suggest an exacerbated relation between AE and ADHD on conduct disorder and externalizing behavioral problems in children. Findings affirm a poorer behavioral prognosis for alcohol-exposed children with ADHD and suggest that more than 1 neurobehavioral profile may exist for individuals with AE.
Reduced total energy expenditure and physical activity in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer can be modulated by an energy and protein dense oral supplement enriched with n-3 fatty acids

The aim of the study was to assess the total energy expenditure (TEE), resting energy expenditure (REE) and physical activity level (PAL) in home-living cachectic patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. The influence of an energy and protein dense oral supplement either enriched with or without the n-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and administered over an 8-week period was also determined. In total, 24 patients were studied at baseline. The total energy expenditure was measured using doubly labelled water and REE determined by indirect calorimetry. Patients were studied at baseline and then randomised to either oral nutritional supplement. Measurements were repeated at 8 weeks. At baseline, REE was increased compared with predicted values for healthy individuals (1387(42) vs 1268(32) kcal day−1, P=0.001), but TEE (1732(82) vs 1903(48) kcal day−1, P=0.023) and PAL (1.24(0.04) vs 1.50) were reduced. After 8 weeks, the REE, TEE and PAL of patients who received the control supplement did not change significantly. In contrast, although REE did not change, TEE and PAL increased significantly in those who received the n-3 (EPA) enriched supplement. In summary, patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were hypermetabolic. However, TEE was reduced and this was secondary to a reduction in physical activity. The control energy and protein dense oral supplement did not influence the physical activity component of TEE. In contrast, administration of the supplement enriched with EPA was associated with an increase in physical activity, which may reflect improved quality of life.
Effects of stabilization exercises on health-related quality of life in women with chronic low back pain.

The study examined the effects of a 4-week intensive isometric and isotonic stabilization exercise program on dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in women with chronic low back pain (CLBP).



A total of 39 women (27-72 years old) provided data in an experimental study with a 9-month follow-up. Random allocation was undertaken for the two treatment groups out of the 3 groups: isometric stabilization (n = 13), isotonic stabilization (n = 13), and a control group (n = 13) that did not participate in any form of exercise. Health-related quality of life measures using the Short-Form 36 Health Survey were assessed before program initiation, immediately after program termination, and 4 times postintervention for a period of 9 months.



The isometric stabilization group displayed large improvements in bodily pain and vitality for women with CLBP attending a 4-week intensive isometric stabilization exercise program. The effects were retained for a period of 9 months after program termination.



Isometric stabilization exercises reduce pain and enhance vitality as dimensions of HRQL among women with chronic low back pain with such effects lasting for at least 9 months.
Inter-observer agreement on the interpretation of capsule endoscopy findings based on capsule endoscopy structured terminology: a multicenter study by the Korean Gut Image Study Group.

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a novel investigation for the diagnosis of small-bowel disease but its interpretation is highly subjective. We studied the inter-observer agreement and accuracy of the interpretation of CE findings based on capsule endoscopy structured terminology (CEST).



Fifty-six CE video clips were collected from eight university hospitals in South Korea and were independently reviewed by 13 gastroenterology experts and 10 trainees. All investigators recorded their findings based on CEST. To determine the accuracy of individual viewers, we defined the 'gold standard' as a joint review by four experts.



The 56 CE video clips included five normal cases, 19 cases of protruding lesions, 21 cases of depressed lesions, three cases of flat lesions, one case of abnormal mucosa, six cases with blood in the lumen, and one case of stenotic lumen. The overall mean accuracies for the experts and trainees were 74.3% +/- 22.6% and 61.7% +/- 25.4%, respectively. The overall accuracy for the trainee group was significantly lower than that for the expert group (P < 0.001), especially in normal, tumor, venous structure, and ulcer cases. The accuracies of the two groups varied with the CE findings. The accuracies were higher in cases with more prominent intraluminal changes (e.g. active small-bowel bleeding, ulcer, tumor, stenotic lumen). In contrast, subtle mucosal lesions, such as erosion, angioectasia, and diverticulum, had lower accuracies. The mean kappa values for the experts and trainees were 0.61 (range 0.39-0.97) and 0.46 (range 0.17-0.66), respectively.



Our results showed that there was substantial agreement between experts and moderate agreement between trainees. In order to achieve higher accuracies and better inter-observer agreement, we need not only more experience with CE but also consensus regarding CEST terminology.
Mirror therapy in chronic stroke survivors with severely impaired upper limb function: a randomized controlled trial.

Mirror therapy (MT) has been proposed to improve the motor function of chronic individuals with stroke with mild to moderate impairment. With regards to severe upper limb paresis, MT has shown to provide limited motor improvement in the acute or sub-acute phase. However, no previous research has described the effects of MT in chronic individuals with stroke with severely impaired upper limb function.



The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of MT on chronic stroke survivors with severe upper-limb impairment in comparison with passive mobilization.



A randomized controlled trial.



Rehabilitative outpatient unit.



A total of 31 chronic subjects poststroke with severely impaired upper limb function were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (N.=15), or a control group (N.=16).



Twenty-four intervention sessions were performed for both groups. Each session included 45-minute period of MT (experimental group) or passive mobilization (control group), administered three days a week. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention with the Wolf Motor Function Test, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and the Nottingham Sensory Assessment.



Improvement in motor function was observed in both groups on the time (P=0.002) and ability (P=0.001) subscales of the Wolf Motor Function Test. No differences were detected in kinesthesis or stereognosis. However, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in tactile sensation that was mainly observed as an increased sensitivity to light touches.



In comparison with passive mobilization, MT in chronic stroke survivors with severely impaired upper-limb function may provide a limited but positive effect on light touch sensitivity while providing similar motor improvement.



MT is a therapeutic approach that can be used in the rehabilitation of severely impaired upper limb in chronic stroke survivors, specifically to address light touch sensitivity deficits.
Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents with bipolar disorder: a 1-year open trial.

To describe an adapted version of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents with bipolar disorder.



The dialectical behavior therapy intervention is delivered over 1 year and consists of two modalities: family skills training (conducted with individual family units) and individual therapy. The acute treatment period (6 months) includes 24 weekly sessions; sessions alternate between the two treatment modalities. Continuation treatment consists of 12 additional sessions tapering in frequency through 1 year. We conducted an open pilot trial of the treatment, designed as an adjunct to pharmacological management, to establish feasibility and acceptability of the treatment for this population. Participants included 10 patients (mean age 15.8 +/- 1.5 years, range 14-18) receiving treatment in an outpatient pediatric bipolar specialty clinic. Symptom severity and functioning were assessed quarterly by an independent evaluator. Consumer satisfaction was also assessed posttreatment.



Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were high, with 9 of 10 patients completing treatment, 90% of scheduled sessions attended, and high treatment satisfaction ratings. Patients exhibited significant improvement from pre- to posttreatment in suicidality, nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior, emotional dysregulation, and depressive symptoms.



Dialectical behavior therapy may offer promise as an approach to the psychosocial treatment of adolescent bipolar disorder.
Comparison of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC) versus subcutaneously implanted port-chamber catheters by complication and cost for patients receiving chemotherapy for non-haematological malignancies

Indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) have been increasingly used to enable delivery of intravenous chemotherapy. We aimed to compare the safety and cost of two commonly used CVCs, peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICCs) and ports, in the delivery of chemotherapy in patients with non-haematological malignancies. Seventy patients were randomly assigned to receive either a PICC or a port. The primary endpoint was occurrence of major complications, which required removal of the CVC and secondary endpoints included occurrence of any complications. Port devices were associated with fewer complications compared with PICC lines (hazard ratio of 0.25, CI, 0.09–0.86, P = 0.038). Major complication rate was lower in the port arm compared to the PICC arm (0.047 versus 0.193 major complications/100 catheter days, P = 0.034) with 6 versus 20 % of patients experiencing major complications, respectively. Thrombosis, the most common complication, was significantly higher in the PICC arm compared to the port arm (25 versus 0 %, P = 0.013). Quality of life and cost estimates did not differ significantly between the two arms. Port devices are associated with a lower risk of complications, with no difference in cost, compared to PICC lines in patients with non-haematological malignancies receiving intravenous chemotherapy.
[Validation of a screening questionnaire for activities of daily living (M-ADL) in handicapped children].

The issue to what extent acitivities of daily living are impaired becomes increasingly relevant for social integration and for the indication and evaluation of therapies in children with developmental disorders and handicaps. The study presents the validation of a screening questionnaire for activities in children (M-ADL).



The validity of the M-ADL was examined in 2 studies with 3-7-year old children with the full spectrum of severity of cerebral palsy. In study I, the concurrent validity with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) has been studied in 33 children. In study II, the predictive validity was evaluated by comparing 63 handicapped children with a stratified sample of 217 normal children of the same age.



The scales of the M-ADL covered eating/drinking, self care at home, toileting, manual ability (summarised as "self care") and mobility. In section A, a general estimation from 0 (full support) to 10 (independent) and in section B a rating based on preset graded scales is given. The correlation of the two ratings has been taken to estimate the criterion validity. Further, the subjective bias of the rater has been estimated by comparison of the absolute values in both sections between the groups.



The M-ADL domains showed a very good concurrent validity with those of the PEDI (r=.78-r=.92). The sensitivity and specificity were excellent, particularly for ratings in section B. The criterion validity was high (mobility domain r=.76, self care domain r=.82). Comparison of the subjective bias showed that parents of CP children over-estimated the activities level of their children compared with controls showing the same values in both sections (group differences, t-test: 95% CI for mobility 0.47-1.46, p<0.001, self care 0.91-1.48, p<0.001).



The M-ADL is a valid standardised instrument of functional independence in handicapped children, which needs little time and requires no special training for the examiner. In addition to other ADL measures, manual ability, e.g. playing, doing handicrafts, using a pen, is rated. Further, a subjective bias of the raters can be estimated. The instrument may serve as a tool for quick information on the level of activities according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
Oral topiramate reduces the consequences of drinking and improves the quality of life of alcohol-dependent individuals: a randomized controlled trial.

Topiramate, a fructopyranose derivative, was superior to placebo at improving the drinking outcomes of alcohol-dependent individuals.



To determine whether topiramate, compared with placebo, improves psychosocial functioning in alcohol-dependent individuals and to discover how this improvement is related to heavy drinking behavior.



Double-blind, randomized, controlled, 12-week clinical trial comparing topiramate vs placebo for treating alcohol dependence (1998-2001).



One hundred fifty alcohol-dependent individuals, diagnosed using the DSM-IV.



Seventy-five participants received topiramate (escalating dose of 25 mg/d to 300 mg/d), and 75 had placebo and weekly standardized medication compliance management.



Three elements of psychosocial functioning were measured: clinical ratings of overall well-being and alcohol-dependence severity, quality of life, and harmful drinking consequences. Overall well-being and dependence severity and quality of life were analyzed as binary responses with a generalized estimating equation approach; harmful drinking consequences were analyzed as a continuous response using a mixed-effects, repeated-measures model.



Averaged over the course of double-blind treatment, topiramate, compared with placebo, improved the odds of overall well-being (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-2.60; P =.01); reported abstinence and not seeking alcohol (OR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.52-4.53; P =.001); overall life satisfaction (OR = 2.28; 95% CI, 1.21-4.29; P =.01); and reduced harmful drinking consequences (OR = -0.07; 95% CI, -0.12 to -0.02, P =.01). There was a significant shift from higher to lower drinking quartiles on percentage of heavy drinking days, which was associated with improvements on all measures of psychosocial functioning.



As an adjunct to medication compliance enhancement treatment, topiramate (up to 300 mg/d) was superior to placebo at not only improving drinking outcomes but increasing overall well-being and quality of life and lessening dependence severity and its harmful consequences.
Effects of injection-site splinting on the incidence of phlebitis in patients taking peripherally infused amiodarone: A randomized clinical trial.

Intravenous amiodarone is considered an effective treatment option for cardiac ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. Peripheral infusion of amiodarone may cause blood vessels irritation and phlebitis that is the most common complication of this drug by this route even when it is administered within recommended dosing limits. The effect of injection-site splinting on the occurrence of phlebitis among a group of cardiac arrhythmia patients receiving peripherally infused amiodarone. This research is a clinical trial on patients of Tehran Heart Center who were hospitalized due to cardiac arrhythmias. A sample of 60 patients with mean age 65 ± 14 years were randomly divided into control and test groups. In the experimental group with close splint and restrict the movement of the injection site until the end of the infusion and control groups without closing brace, at the same time received amiodarone. Injection protocol was similar for both groups. The results were analyzed with Spss18. The results of this research still significantly reduced the incidence of amiodarone injection-site phlebitis in the injection time (P = .005).
Long-term effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering on arterial wall stiffness in hypertensive patients.

Aortic stiffness is assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and predicts the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of hypertensive patients. To determine the long-term effects of intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering by antihypertensive drug therapy on aortic stiffness assessed by PWV, a single-blind randomized prospective study was performed.



One hundred forty nondiabetic hypertensive patients (67.6 +/- 0.9 years old; systolic/diastolic BP: 177 +/- 1/101 +/- 1 mm Hg) were assigned to an intensive control group (IC) with a target BP of <130/85 mm Hg (n = 71) or a moderate control group (MC) with a target BP of <140/90 mm Hg (n = 69), and aortic stiffness was assessed every 3 months by measuring aortic PWV with a pulse pressure analyzer.



During the 12-month treatment period, BP significantly decreased to 129 +/- 1/78 +/- 1 mm Hg and 152 +/- 2/87 +/- 1 mm Hg in the IC and MC, respectively. At the beginning of the study, PWV in the IC and MC was similar, averaging 1779 +/- 41 and 1885 +/- 50 cm/sec, respectively. By the end of the treatment period, however, PWV had decreased to 1621 +/- 34 cm/sec in the IC, but had not changed significantly in the MC. In the IC, the ratio of the change in PWV to the change in BP increased with the duration of BP lowering. Clinical and biological parameters were similar in both groups, except that higher doses of amlodipine were used in the IC.



Long-term intensive BP lowering in the hypertensive patients was associated with a significant reduction in aortic stiffness distinct from its acute depressor effect.
Agreement between CASA parent reports and provider records of children's ADHD Services

This study examines agreement between parental reports of children's ADHD outpatient services ascertained with the Child and Adolescents Services Assessment (CASA) and provider records among a sample of elementary school students who participated in an epidemiologically based health services study. Parental reports of any outpatient mental health treatment, services intensity, and medication regimens were compared to records of the specified mental health and primary care providers using intraclass correlations and kappa estimates. Results indicated that parental reports using the CASA produced valid data on whether any outpatient ADHD services had been received in the past 12 months (83% agreement), and on details of the child's medication regimens (kappas above 0.90), but that agreement was poor on how many times the child had been seen (intraclass correlation 0.29), without agreement differences by provider type. These findings support the validity of using parental report for ADHD services in primary care settings and for study of medication regimens.
The risk of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with vaccines: an international case-control study.

Studies have suggested that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be triggered by vaccinations. We undertook this study to investigate the relationship between vaccination and onset of SLE.



This international case-control study was conducted between April 2008 and June 2012 in 36 specialist referral centers (34 in France and 2 in Quebec, Canada) and recruited patients ≤60 years old recently diagnosed as having either definite SLE (meeting ≥4 American College of Rheumatology [ACR] criteria including at least 1 immunologic criterion) or probable SLE (meeting 3 ACR criteria including at least 1 immunologic criterion). Controls were recruited from general practice settings through a closely monitored protocol and matched to patients by age, sex, region of residence, and date of recruitment. Vaccinations and other potential risk factors for SLE were assessed using a standardized telephone interview. We compared proportions of patients and controls who were vaccinated 12 and 24 months before the index date (date of first clinical symptom presented by the patient) using odds ratios (ORs) from conditional logistic regression.



We assessed 105 patients (89 with definite SLE and 16 with probable SLE) and 712 controls. Twenty-two of the 105 patients (21.0%) and 181 of the 712 controls (25.4%) had received at least 1 vaccination within 24 months before the index date (adjusted OR 0.9 [95% confidence interval 0.5-1.5]). The proportions of patients and controls vaccinated within the previous 12 months were also similar.



Our study showed no association between exposure to vaccination and risk of developing SLE.
Prolonged disease-free survival in MOPP-resistant Hodgkin's disease after treatment with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD)

Twenty-one patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease resistant to MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) were treated with ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine). ABVD induced complete remission in 13 patients (62%) and partial remission in 2 (9.5%). In particular, complete response to ABVD was obtained in 7 of 13 patients who failed to respond to primary MOPP chemotherapy. After six cycles, no further therapy was given to patients in complete remission. At 36 months from starting ABVD, 69.7% of complete responders remain alive and free of disease, with a total survival of 73.4%. In contrast, none of the patients in whom partial response or nonresponse was observed was alive at 18 months. ABVD for six cycles was accompanied by mild and reversible toxicity. The results indicate that there is no cross-resistance between MOPP and ABVD. ABVD appears a simple, effective, and tolerable multiple-drug chemotherapy for use in patients who are resistant to MOPP.