nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordination economies, advertising, and search behaviour in retail markets by Kyle Bagwell and Garey Ramey: a comment

Kyle Bagwell and Garey Ramey (1994), hence (BR), address themselves to a challenging task. It is to make sense of the fact that advertising which is “ostensibly uninformative” can nevertheless promote sales. Nor are they content with this effort, no matter how formidable in and of itself. In addition, they impose a side order constraint upon themselves that their explanation must be steeped in rationality. That is, not for them an elucidation based on consumer ignorance or superstition. On the contrary, there must be “method” in what would otherwise appear to be the madness of customers flocking to firms which fail to provide hard information on prices, qualities, guarantees, etc.
”STARK INIFRÅN OCH UT” – forma, balansera och optimera : En analys av kroppsframställning i samtida hälsotidskrifter

Placed within the field of recent research concerning religion and contemporary religious landscapes, this thesis aims to show conceptions of human life and body displayed in ten Swedish health magazines. The analysis aims to demonstrate the appearance of body and bodily experience and in addition see in what way ”westernized” religious traditions and methods from east Asia may contribute to perspectives of health. The main theories for the study are objectified versus phenomenological understanding of the human body by Drew Leder (1992; 1990) and Kristen Zeiler (2010). The quote in the main title is from the empirical material (Halsa & Fitness, 2014 (11), cover). ”Strong from inside and out” depicts the core of the outcome, indicating both biomedical and holistic perspectives. With science as a provable reference, the individual’s body seems to be an object to control and shape to optimize goals of esthetic or physical benefits. Here are many mental aspects involved as well as social factors, which shows that the human is a phenomenological creature. The thesis suggests that in order to accomplish health and a healthy relationship – not only towards the body but living through it – the human need to cultivate the sensation of wholeness. Having no clear counterpart, this aspect seems to be easily provided through eastern traditions and methods, treating the human as “one”.
MacWilliams Identities and Matroid Polynomials

We present generalisations of several MacWilliams type identities, including those by Klove and Shiromoto, and of the theorems of Greene and Barg that describe how the Tutte polynomial of the vector matroid of a linear code determines the $r$th support weight enumerators of the code. One of our main tools is a generalisation of a decomposition theorem due to Brylawski.
The History of Political Science

The history of political science serves as a context within which we make sense of the nature and role of our discipline. Narratives about the past development of British and American political science help to frame debates, choices, and identities within the contemporary discipline in Britain. What do recent studies on the history of political science tell us about the character of political science in Britain and America? What do they suggest about the relation of the British study of politics to British identities more generally? Our review of recent work concentrates on three issues: (1) how historical studies of political science relate to approaches and identities within the contemporary discipline; (2) how they relate to the past, i.e. whether their historical vision is marred by presentism; (3) whether they look beyond the boundaries of the discipline.
Francis Drake en la narrativa del argentino Vicente Fidel López

This paper is part of a larger research work on Hispanic American narrative that focuses on pirates in the Caribbean Sea as its core argument. This literary corpus, composed mainly of historical novels from the 19th century, not only extolled the figure of the pirate to romantic dimensions, but also transformed him into a symbol from which the narrators of a rising Hispanic America projected their ideal of a Nation. The purpose of the present essay is two-fold: on the one hand it aims to examine the mechanisms by which the Argentinean Vicente Fidel Lopez exalts the character of corsair Francis Drake in his book The Heretic’s Bride (1855), converting him into a synecdoche of England; then the most advanced model of civilization compared to the image of a corrupted and decaying colonial Spain. On the other hand, it proposes a new reading of Lopez’s novel that reevaluates its literary quality by considering the context in which it was written, and by linking certain piratical historical events with their fictitious recreations.
Evolutionary trends in mammalian trypanosomes.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multiformity of variation and the heterogeneity among mammalian trypanosomes, which have furnished abundant material for deductions regarding the evolution of these haemo-flagellates. Evidence of some of the phases of the evolutionary process is provided by certain “relict” species, while indications of incipient speciation are found among infrasubspecific strains or demes exhibiting minor biological divergence. The gradual transition from one morphological and biological type of trypanosomes to another, as well as the progressive complication of the life cycles and mode of transmission of these parasites, supply clues to their phylogenetic relations. These, in their turn, serve as a basis for the natural classification of the mammalian trypanosomes.
Evaluative Research on Reminiscence Partnership Program for Elderly Persons in Community

The current paper examined the effect of group 
reminiscence for the community-dwelling elderly persons using 
cross-generational approach. The study was framed by Reminiscence 
Partnership Program that encompassed the intervention of 
reminiscence group, the training of the university students and the 
professionals of health and social division, and the evaluation. 
Sixteen elderly persons participated in the reminiscence group. They 
were divided into two groups of 8. They attended an hour-long 
group session once every two weeks over three months. The 
themes of the group were chronological and non-chronological, with 
the use of props of the local community.  
included pre- and post-test of MMSE, the Activity Scale of TMIG and Baum Test as well as focus group interview. The results of 
the focus group conducted to both the elderly and the students 
brought to light the socio- cultural and interactional aspect of 
group. It was suggested that the group reminiscence was effective 
for the elderly participants to bring out a sense of confidence 
towards the continuity of self. On the part of the students, it was 
found that it enhanced the students' learning in the possibilities in 
aging and their reflection on themselves as future career. A 
conceptual model is proposed in understanding the multi-dimensional 
effects of reminiscence intervention. The differences in the group 
development and dynamics between the two groups are also 
described. Themes of reminiscence and some ethical considerations 
in conducing reminiscence group are discussed. Evaluative research 
on the intervention of reminiscence group with both qualitative and 
quantitative account is highly invited.
Mapping the Niger, 1798-1832: Trust, testimony and 'ocular demonstration' in the late enlightenment

This paper is about the role of trust, testimony and direct observation in the making of maps and about the ways in which these issues were apparent in the mapping of the Niger River. By the late eighteenth century, the Niger River was a two-thousand-year-old geographical problem. Although classical writers, Arab geographers and French authorities had produced maps of the river, its direction of flow was not confirmed by direct observation until 1796 when the explorer Mungo Park did so. Yet Park solved only one part of the problem, and he died in 1805 while attempting to solve the remaining question: where did the river end? This question was not answered by direct observation until 1830. By then, however, the 'Niger problem' had been resolved, and the solution mapped, by two early nineteenth-century geographers who had charted the river's course without travelling to Africa. Attention is also paid to the maps that first presented the Niger's termination on the basis of field observation. What all this evidence raises is the question of trust in others' testimony and the role of travel and direct observation in the production of maps as 'truthful' documents in the late Enlightenment.
Life-span development and behavior

M.M. Seltzer, C.D. Ryff, Parenting Across the Life Span: The Normative and Nonnormative Cases. M.M. Baltes, S.B. Silverberg, The Dynamics Between Dependency and Autonomy: Illustrations Across the Life Span. E.A. Skinner, J.G. Wellborn, Coping During Childhood and Adolescence: A Motivational Perspective. D.F. Alwin, Aging, Personality, and Social Change: The Stability of Individual Differences Over the Adult Life Span. A. Assmann, Wholesome Knowledge: Concepts of Wisdom in a Historical and Cross-Cultural Perspective. A. von Eye, K. Kreppner, H. WeBels, Log-Linear Modeling of Categorical Data in Developmental Research. R.M. Lerner, J.R. Miller, J.H. Knott, K.E. Corey, T.S. Bynum, L.C. Hoopfer, M.H. McKinney, L.A. Abrams, R.C. Hula, P.A. Terry, Integrating Scholarship and Outreach in Human Developmental Research, Policy and Service: A Developmental Contextual Perspective.
Crowd Formalization of Action Conditions

Training intelligent systems is a time consuming and costly process that often limits their application to realworld problems. Prior work in crowdsourcing has attempted to compensate for this challenge by generating sets of labeled training data for machine learning algorithms. In this work, we seek to move beyond collecting just statistical data and explore how to gather structured, relational representations of a scenario using the crowd. We focus on activity recognition because of its broad applicability, high level of variation between individual instances, and difficulty of training systems a priori. We present ARchitect, a system that uses the crowd to ascertain pre and post conditions for actions observed in a video and find relations between actions. Our ultimate goal is to identify multiple valid execution paths from a single set of observations, which suggests one-off learning from the crowd is possible.
"Who you know" earnings effects of formal and informal social network resources under late state socialism in Hungary, 1986-1987

Although social network assets have been widely studied as mechanisms for social achievement in the capitalist context, they remain largely unexamined under socialist-type systems. This paper addresses that weakness in the literature and tests the usefulness of social network resources in income attainment models in Hungary, 1986-87. It suggests that the formal-informal distinction is a useful basic taxonomy of social network assets. Contrary to the received analytical framework of state socialist economies - which associates formality with the state sector and informality with the second economy - it treats formal and informal ties as present in both the state and non-state sectors. Regression models of social survey data show that social network resources are a positive contributor to income inequality in both the state and non-state sectors. Formal and informal network ties are shown to have independent and unequal returns, suggesting that they are different types of ties rather than poles in a spectrum.
Plattform presents: Dexter Dalwood

An artist talk by the British painter Dexter Dalwood, presented by Plattform in cooperation with Faculty of art, music and design of University of Bergen. 
 
Please join us for a talk by the British artist Dexter Dalwood, at Landmark on 14 March. 
 
Dexter Dalwood is a rare instance of an artist equipped to examine how history is constructed and interpreted through the making of paintings, which are both intellectually challenging and visually seductive. The artist’s juxtaposition of quotations and references from a broad and eclectic range of subjects is reflected in his transposition of the cut-and-paste of the collage technique to canvas. Not only does Dexter Dalwood possess a profound cultural and historical knowledge, he also perceives the connections between art history, politics, music, literature and personal experience, which he intimates with a remarkable lightness of touch. His paintings reward close observation, for the event or situation depicted is always reflected in the styles of painting that were developed during the periods referred to in the work. 
 
In Dexter Dalwood’s practice the medium of painting is not only examined and celebrated in terms of its history and legacy; Dalwood also demonstrates the enduring contemporary relevance of painting as a way of communicating how we experience the world in which we live. On the flat, painted surface Dalwood creates a breathtaking pluralism that refracts and collides the memory of the past with future recollections of the present. It is no coincidence that the subjects of his paintings are always physically absent, portrayed through depictions of the environments that they might have occupied. Their invisibility heightens the mystery and artifice of the scene but also removes the most recognisable aspect of figuration from works that ultimately communicate something that goes beyond depiction or language. Much more than the sum of their very disparate parts, Dexter Dalwood’s paintings make an uncompromising claim for the continuing tradition of the medium. 
(Text from simonleegallery.com/)
Economic Perceptions and Executive Approval in Comparative Perspective

Controversy exists over whether people use retrospective or prospective economic perceptions when evaluating their political leadership. In this article, I argue that the structure of the political-economic system affects which type of economic perception people employ. Specifically, in established democracies with developed economies, people will employ prospective assessments. In contrast, in nations with less well-established democratic systems and less developed economies, people will employ retrospective reasoning. They do so because under such conditions uncertainty about the future is too high for them to make reliable prospective assessments. I test this hypothesis on aggregate survey data taken from 41 nations in 2002. Support for the hypothesis is found. The conclusion puts the findings into perspective and discusses directions for future research.
Human action recognition using an improved string edit distance

In this paper we propose an improvement of a human action recognition method that uses a string-based representation and a string edit distance to compare the observed action with reference actions in the training set. In particular, the original improvement is based on a specific formulation of the string edit distance that is more suited to take into account the problems related to noise and to different execution speeds that are observed in an action recognition system. The experimentation has been carried out on two widely adopted datasets, namely the MIVIA and the MHAD datasets, and the obtained results, compared with both the original method and other state of the art approaches, confirm the significance of the proposed improvement and the effectiveness of the method.
As especificidades da mercadoria força de trabalho: Marx revisitado

Coming along with Polanyi's ideas of fictitious commodity, this paper seeks to reveal the logical inconsistencies and silents in the economic science arguments on the labor force as a commodity. Once Marx's influence on the anti-capitalist movements is outstanding, we need to show his contribution, through his economic thought, to the scientific economism. As is well known, when proposed that the commodity sell by the worker was the 'labor force' instead the labor, as the classical economists used to say, Marx was able to built his theory on the capitalist economy theory, which relies on the concept of surplus value.. That is the reason why the paper is specially concern with the failures or weaknesses present in one of the huge Marx contribution to the economics thought: the concept of labor force.
Management of dyspnea guidelines for practice for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Dyspnea is an important symptom to address in occupational therapy since it significantly contributes to decreased functional status and health-related quality of life in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This article presents the Management of Dyspnea Guidelines for Practice. The guidelines direct the clinician to help adult patients with COPD overcome the disabling effects of dyspnea by helping patients to master combining controlled breathing with activity exertion and by desensitizing them to dyspnea. An example of an occupational therapy treatment program based on the practice guidelines is described. A case study example is also provided to illustrate how the guidelines can be applied to occupational therapy practice.
The Ghost (Phantom) Universe: A Model in which the Universe is Flat, Quantum Ghost Matter and Vacuum Dominated and Accelerating

We propose a modification of the Standard Hot Big Bang Cosmology (SHBBC), in which the Universe is flat, quantum matter dominated, and accelerating. The total energy density of the Universe is taken to be the sum of two terms: the quantum contributions from vacuum and plus an additional quantum (ghost) term (with negative pressure) which is responsible of the dominant driver of expansion at a late epoch of the Universe. When the new term dominates, the scalar factor varies as R ∝ t 4 3 (Accelerating Flat Ghost Universe). The quantum energy density required to close the Ghost Universe is found to be much smaller than in SHBBC, so that quantum matter can be sufficient to provide a flat geometry. Quantum matter particles interactions are interpreted as a quantum fifth force and it is found to vary as F (r) ∝ r 1 2 . The Universe we live in is dynamic, in other word the space-time is expanding. It is it full of all kinds of exotic objects. Edwin Hubble discovered this in the 1920s. When Hubble looked at galaxies outside of our own, he saw that they were all racing away from us. That might suggest there was an initial explosion that we sat at the center of. But it would be unreasonable to assume that our galaxy is the center of the universe! So, instead, we deduce that the fabric of space-time, the sheet in which all these galaxies sit, is itself expanding. What causes the universe to expand? That’s actually two different interesting questions.
The Swiss disease: Facts and artefacts. A reply to Kehoe and Prescott

This paper investigates the claim made by Kehoe and Prescott (2002) that Switzerland and New Zealand experienced 'great depressions' in the last two decades. We question the appropriateness of the measure used by Kehoe and Prescott (GDP per working-age person) and propose a more accurate measure to compare economic performance on a consistent basis, namely, GDP per hour worked which is also adjusted for terms of trade changes and investment in tangibles. Based on this yardstick, the difference in economic performance between the US and Switzerland turns out to be largely a statistical artefact and Kehoe and Prescott's conditions for a 'great depression.' (
Portraiture and British Gothic Fiction: The Rise of Picture Identification, 1764–1835

This book probes how, in late eighteenth-century Britain, as Enlightenment philosophy and scientific writings eroded traditional beliefs, as radicals and reformers challenged political structures, as riots and revolutions proliferated, as new technologies, industrialization, rising populations, and increased social and geographic mobility changed professional, social, and familial identities, Gothic fiction intensified and sensationalized mass identity crises for a mass audience. Drawing on contemporaneous works on portraiture, literature, politics, economics, philosophy, religion, history, heraldry, law, education, science, anthropology, linguistics, psychology, physiognomy, and travel literature, as well as other literary genres, the monograph examines how Gothic fiction mythologized the spread of picture identification from the titled, wealthy, and celebrated (as well as the infamous) to the ordinary, middling ranks of British society, and the changing theories and practices of identification that fostered, accompanied, and followed it.
The Economic Trends, Challenges and Behaviour of Small Businesses in Australia

Small businesses make an important contribution to the Australian economy. They account for the vast majority of the active private businesses in the country and represent a large share of employment and value added. Small businesses, however, face many operational challenges and, as a consequence, typically have higher failure rates than larger businesses. While these features have been noted in previous literature, there has been little work examining how these challenges affect the business decisions of small businesses relative to those of larger businesses.
Automated Support for Legacy Code Understanding

any large companies are facing a problem: their legacy systems are inhibiting their business growth and capacity to chans. This problem can be approached in a number of ways. One way is to simply get rid of a legacy system, replacing it with a new one developed to meet new requirements. This option is rarely exercised for many reasons. For example , more often than not, alegacy systep contains critical business rules ,that are valuable assets to the company. The business rules embedded in the code may not be accurately and explicitly documented anywhere else and are therefore very difficult to capture and redevelop. Another alternative is to encapsulate a legacy system so it can be used as a whole under a new execution environment or within a new system. A very simple example of such system " wrapping " is the use of terminal emulators to translate data streams between a mainframe machine and terminal screens so that dumb terminals can be replaced with LAN-based intelligent workstations. This approach has a number of attractive features: 1) &f&y. Since there is no software change,original function&ties arc preserved. 2) Low cost. Since the system still runs on its original platform, no new hardware/equipment is necessary 3) Short miption cyck There is no need for deep analysis and understanding of system structures and code. But this approach has certain limitations: 1) Nopfmmmcegain. The system runs on its original, and possibly slow and outdated platform. It cannot take full advantage of the new computing environments. If we were to migrate a mainframe-based system to a client server-based system, it would be more desirable to break down the old system into client modules and service modules and distribute them properly. 2) Low j.?aibility. A legacy system can only be reused as a whole. It is impossible to reuse its individual parts. Yet another approach to dealing with legacy systems seems to be a compromise between the two preceding approaches. It is based on the concept of reumble component recovery (RCR). Functional components oflegacy systems are recognized, recovered, adapted, and finally reused in new system development. Since the recovered components are generally much smaller in scale than the original system, their reusability is higher and they can be more easily distributed to meet different platform requirements. The drawback of this approach is that it requires deep analysis and understanding of old code, which is a …