nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum gravitational applications of nuclear, atomic and astrophysical phenomena

By following the old concept of “gravity is having a strong coupling at nuclear scale” and considering the ‘reduced Planck’s constant’ as a characteristic quantum gravitational constant, in this letter we suggest that: 1) There exists a gravitational constant associated with strong interaction, G s ~3.328x10 28 m 3 /kg/sec 2 . 2) There also exists a gravitational constant associated with electromagnetic interaction, G e ~2.376x10 37 m 3 /kg/sec 2 .Based on these two assumptions, in a quantum gravitational approach, an attempt is made to understand the basics of final unification with various semi empirical applications like melting points of elementary particles, strong coupling constant, proton-electron mass ratio, proton-neutron stability, nuclear binding energy, neutron star’s mass and radius, Newtonian gravitational constant, Avogadro number and molar mass unit. With further research and investigation, a practical model of ‘quantum gravitational string theory’ can be developed.
The Leader (Book Review)

Harry K. Jackson, Jr. AMACOM BooksJAMA 1601 Broadway, 12th Fl New York, NY 10019 176 pages $17.95 This is a short but powerful book that describes the skills and characteristics required to be a leader. The book is probably most useful for someone new to a leadership position or thinking about taking on a leadership role. The tone is forceful and direct, so the message is clear. The book describes the characteristics of a leader, a leadership vision, building a team, achieving your vision, overcoming resistance, and obstacles to leadership. Each chapter offers good advice, helpful questions, and charts for self-assessment. There are two appendices: one is a series of questions to determine the reader’s readiness for leadership, and the other is an outline to help the reader develop a specific plan to become a leader and achieve a vision. This book would be helpful at work, but also in other arenas, including professional society leadership and leadership in community organizations.
The Indonesian bank crisis and restructuring : lessons and implications for other developing countries

Drawing on the Indonesian experience in 1997, this paper demonstrates the complexity of managing banking crises deals. It aims at deriving conclusions from this experience for other developing countries facing similar problems. The paper also refers to comparative experiences of other countries, in particular Malaysia and Thailand, examines the IMF programme and reveals its shortcomings. The key question is to what extent the ineffectiveness and slow progress of bank restructuring, corporate restructuring and continued dilemmas in macroeconomic management in Indonesia were due to shortcomings of the economic programme, its sequencing or emphasis, and to what extent it has to be attributed other factors, including corruption and lack of policy-making capacity. Although prudential requirements and regulations, such as lending limits, were introduced to address corporate governance problems, governance of the banking sector was generally weak, and there was little incentive for banks to make appropriate risk assessments in their activities. It is shown that structural weaknesses precipitated and aggravated the crisis. There is clear evidence for mistakes in the initial responses to the crisis by both the Government and the international financial institutions. The most difficult problems facing a country like Indonesia are the political and social constraints to rapid restructuring and reforms to strengthen the financial sector. Indonesia was obliged to implement second generation Washington consensus reforms focusing on corporate governance, bankruptcy procedures, business-government relations, and more restrictive prudential regulation. A clear message of the paper is that a one-size-fits-all programme is unlikely to be successful. Policy makers must be able to address linkages between the financial sector and macroeconomic performance, which, if not managed appropriately, can exacerbate macroeconomic cycles. There is also a need to reduce the concentration of bank ownership and to minimize moral hazards through the design of clear exit mechanisms. Moreover, attempts to restructure the banking system can only be successful in the context of an overall recovery of the domestic economy. The main message of the paper is the importance of appropriate speed and sequencing of necessary reforms, taking due account of the institutional, legal and human capacities that are specific to each country. ix The Indonesian Bank Crisis and Restructuring: Lessons and Implications for other Developing Countries
In a Different Place: Pilgrimage, Gender and Politics at a Greek Island Shrine

This textured account of a modern pilgrimage combines ethnographic detail, theory, and personal reflection. Visited by thousands of pilgrims yearly, the Church of the Madonna of the Annunciation on the Aegean island of Tinos is a site where different interests - sacred and secular, local and national, personal and official - come together. Exploring the shrine and its surrounding town, Jill Dubisch shares her insights into the intersection of social, religious and political life in Greece. Along the way she develops the idea of pilgrimage - journeying away from home in search of the miraculous - as a metaphor for anthropological fieldwork. Dubisch examines in detail the process of pilgrimage itself, its relationship to Orthodox belief and practice, the motivations and behaviour of pilgrims, the relationship between religion and Greek national identity, and the gendered nature of religious roles. Seeking to evoke rather than simply describe, her book presents readers with a sense of the emotion, colour, and power of pilgrimage at this Greek island shrine.
Dielectric response, functionality and energy storage in epoxy nanocomposites: Barium titanate vs exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets

Barium titanate/epoxy and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets/epoxy nanocomposites were prepared and studied varying the filler content. Morphological characteristics were examined via scanning electron microscopy, while structural changes occurring in barium titanate as a function of temperature were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was employed for determining the dielectric response of the prepared systems. Based on the conducted analysis it was found that three relaxation processes are present in the spectra of the examined materials. From the slower to the faster one, these are interfacial polarization, glass to rubber transition of the polymer matrix, and rearrangement of polar side groups of the polymer chain. Systems' functionality and energy storing efficiency were assessed in terms of dielectric reinforcing function. Finally, the energy density of all systems was evaluated. Composite systems with embedded graphite nanoplatelets exhibit higher energy storing efficiency, while thermally induced structural changes in ferroelectric particles provide functional behavior to barium titanate composites.
Automatic Learning in Proof Planning

In this paper we present a framework for automated learning within mathematical reasoning systems. In particular, this framework enables proof planning systems to automatically learn new proof methods from well chosen examples of proofs which use a similar reasoning pattern to prove related theorems. Our framework consists of a representation formalism for methods and a machine learning technique which can learn methods using this representation formalism. We present the implementation of this framework within the ΩMEGA proof planning system, and some experiments we ran on this implementation to evaluate the validity of our approach.
Computer engineering curriculum in the new millennium

Currently there is a joint activity (referred to as Computing Curricula 2001, shortened to CC2001) involving the Association for Computing Machinery and the IEEE Computer Society, which is producing curriculum guidance for the broad area of computing. Within this activity, a volume on computer engineering is being developed. This volume addresses the important area of the design and development of computers and computer-based systems. Current curricula must be capable of evolving to meet the more immediate needs of students and industry. The purpose of this paper is to look at areas of future development in computer engineering in the next ten years (2013) and beyond and to consider the work of the Computer Engineering volume of CC2001 in this context.
Sensitivity of Coastal Environments and Wildlife to Spilled Oil

This data set contains sensitive biological resource data for marine and estuarine fish species in South Florida. Vector polygons in this data set represent fish distribution, concentration areas, nursery areas and spawning areas. Species specific abundance, seasonality, status, life history, and source information are stored in relational data tables (described below) designed to be used in conjunction with this spatial data layer. This data set comprises a portion of the ESI data for South Florida. ESI data characterize the marine and coastal environments and wildlife by their sensitivity to spilled oil. The ESI data include information for three main components: shoreline habitats, sensitive biological resources, and human-use resources.  The ESI data were collected, mapped, and digitized to provide environmental data for oil spill planning and response. The Clean Water Act with amendments by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 requires response plans for immediate and effective protection of sensitive resources.  The data were compiled during 2011-2013. The currentness dates for this data range from 1972 to 2013 and are documented in the Lineage section.
Transient ensemble dynamics in time-independent galactic potentials

This paper summarises a numerical investigation of the short time, possibly transient, behaviour of ensembles of stochastic orbits evolving in xed nonintegrable potentials, with the aim of deriving insights into the structure and evolution of galaxies. The simulations involved three diierent two-dimensional potentials, quite diierent in appearance. However, despite these diierences ensembles in all three potentials exhibit similar behaviour. This suggests that the conclusions inferred from the simulations are robust, relying only on basic topological properties, e.g., the existence of KAM tori and cantori. Generic ensembles of initial conditions, corresponding to stochastic orbits, exhibit a rapid coarse-grained approach towards a near-invariant distribution on a timescale t H , the age of the Universe. This approach is exponential in time, with a rate, , that exhibits a direct correlation with the value of the Liapounov exponent,. However, this near-invariant distribution does not correspond to the true invariant measure: If this distribution be evolved for much longer timescales one sees systematic evolutionary eeects associated with diiusion through cantori, which on short timescales divide stochastic orbits into two distinct classes, namely connned and unconnned. For the deterministic simulations described herein, the timescale for this diiusion is t H , although various irregularities associated with external and/or internal irregularities can drastically accelerate this process. A principal tool in the analysis is the notion of a local Liapounov exponent, which provides a statistical char-acterisation of the overall instability of stochastic orbits over nite time intervals. In particular, there is a precise sense in which connned stochastic orbits are less unstable, with smaller local Liapounov exponents, than are unconnned stochastic orbits.
Generalized rough equivalence and generalized rough inclusion based on equivalence operator of pansystems of rough sets

By means of equivalence operator of pansystems, common binary relation is converted into equivalence relation. Two concepts of generalized rough equivalence and generalized rough inclusion, which make rough sets deal with the matters based on non-equivalence relation, are put forward to expand the range of application of rough sets, and provide ideas for dealing with the problems of uncertain information, enable the pansystems theory and rough sets theory to combine effectively.
Population ecology and the new economics: guidelines for a steady-state economy.

This article is concerned with the necessity of modifying the well known classical theory of demographic transition because of recent developments, particularly in the worldwide ecological situation. It affects statements about developing as well as industrialized countries and is urgently needed in view of the dominant role transition theory plays in practice, planning and forecasting. The basic ideas of a demoecological transition theory is developed. The final part is a draft, with necessary consequences, of the new guidelines for economic action, that is alternatives and room to manoeuvre within a steady-state economy.
Formation of the Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion and the world's third largest Ni-Cu sulfide deposit: Associated with the ∼825 Ma south China mantle plume?: JINCHUAN ULTRAMAFIC INTRUSION

We report here SHRIMP U-Pb geochronological, geochemical, and Nd isotopic data for the Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion (Gansu Province, China), which hosts the world's third largest magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits. U-Pb baddeleyite analyses yield an age of 812 ± 26 Ma for the ultramafic intrusion. This age is indistinguishable within analytical uncertainties from the U-Pb zircon ages of 827 ± 8 Ma and 828 ± 3 Ma for the sulfide-bearing ultramafic rocks and the dolerite dykes that cut the ultramafic intrusion, respectively. These U-Pb dating results show beyond doubt that the Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion and associated Ni-Cu sulfide deposit were formed at ∼825 Ma, rather than ∼1500 Ma as has been widely believed. The ultramafic rocks exhibit large negative ɛNd(T) values (−8.9 to −12.0) that decrease with increasing La/Sm, suggesting that their parental magmas were derived from a long-term enriched lithospheric mantle and experienced crustal contamination. Mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical data all indicate that the Jinchuan intrusion was generated by melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle heated by an anomalously hot plume. The U-Pb ages of ∼825 Ma for igneous baddeleyites and zircons and ∼900–880 Ma for inherited zircons in the Jinchuan mafic-ultramafic rocks are comparable with those in the Qaidam block and Qilian belt, the western extension of the Qinling belt that was likely derived from northern Yangtze craton. The Jinchuan Ni-Cu sulfide-bearing intrusion, along with coeval regional plume-related mafic dykes and tholeiites, and mafic-ultramafic complexes with associated V-Ti and Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization, is interpreted to be genetically related to the ∼825 Ma south China mantle plume.
Fifty Years of Quantum Chemistry

An assessment of some aspects of the impact of quantum mechanics on chemistry will be attempted, with emphasis on the different ways it has had an important influence. These include a change in the chemists' vocabulary, his way of looking at molecules and reactions, the instruments and methods he uses, the psychological satisfaction he gets from his subject, the procedures he uses to describe and to rationalize his results, as well as direct, partly predictive theories and numerical calculations. The introduction and improvement of the electronic computer played a major role but also diverted talent away from the development of new approaches. A number of other questions about quantum chemistry will be raised and personal answers offered. Fifty years should be long enough for a new approach to have a major impact on a science, and there is no doubt about the magnitude of the impact of quantum chemistry. Quantum mechanics as applied to chemistry has an astonishing history. Only three years after its first formulation in 1926 Dirac made his famous statement' "The underlying physical laws necessary for the mathematical theory of a large part of physics and the whole of chemistry are thus completely known. . .", yet at that time not a single accurate chemical i.e. molecularapplication of quantum mechanics had been made. Nevertheless, Dirac's views have been shared ever since by most theoretical chemists, despite the fact that even today with mammoth computers not even dreamed of in 1929, only a few properties of a handful of the most trivial molecules can be calculated with an accuracy approaching experiment. How can one say that scientists lack faith! I wish now to discuss the impact of quantum mechanics on chemistry by asking—and then attempting to answer— a series of questions. Some of the answers will be personal judgments with which not everyone will agree. The first question is: Is quantum mechanics correct? The answer is: surely not. Relativity is not properly taken into account, and of course the physicist has gone beyond ordinary elementary quantum mechanics in order to deal with high energy phenomena, appearing and disappearing particles, quantized radiation fields, etc. Is ordinary quantum mechanics good enough for chemistry? For the lighter elements and most phenomena of chemistry, I would vote "yes". For the heavier elements, there still seem to be unresolved problems with relativistic effects. Table 1 shows some estimated corrections.2 These suggest that not all is well with heavier elements, although recent non-relativistic calculations on lead oxide3 have been interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that such calculations can be used. Why should we believe that quantum mechanics is in Table 1. Relativistic corrections for the ground state of some atoms.2 (Hartrees, 1 Hartree = 6275 kcal)
Ultraproducts of Admissible Models for Quantified Modal Logic

Admissible models for quantified modal logic have a restriction on which sets of worlds are admissible as propositions. They give an actualist interpretation of quantifiers that leads to very general completeness results: for any propositional modal logic S there is a quantificational proof system QS that is complete for validity in models whose algebra of admissible propositions validates S. In this paper, we construct ultraproducts of admissible models and use them to derive compactness theorems that combine with completeness to yield strong completeness: any QS-consistent set of formulas is satisfiable in a model whose admissible propositions validate S. The Barcan Formula is analysed separately and shown to axiomatise certain logics that are strongly complete over admissible models in which the quantifiers are given their standard Kripkean interpretation.
Perspectives on equality : the second Seamus Heaney lectures

Mary Ann Lyons and Fionnuala Waldron 1. The Philosophy and Politics of Equality of Condition - John Baker 2. Multiethnicity and the Idea of Europe - Ash Amin 3. The Challenge of Diversity for Education in Northern Ireland - Alan Smith 4. Equality, Dependency and Disability - Eva Feder Kittay 5. Equality and Education: A Framework for Theory and Action - Kathleen Lynch 6. Give Tongue Its Freedom: Children as Citizens of Irish Civic Society - Mary Shine Thompson 7. Reflections on the Challenges of Inclusive  A Response to Eva Feder Kittay's Argument for Equal Dignity - Joseph Travers 8. The Shape of Things to Come: A Reflective Summary of the Seamus Heaney Lecture Series, Perspectives on Equality - Ann Louise Gilligan.
Physicochemical properties of beta-lactam antibacterials: deuterium solvent isotope effect on penicillin G degradation rate.

To obtain kinetic evidence on the degradation mechanism of penicillin in aqueous solution, degradation rates of penicillin G in water and deuterium oxide were measured in the pH (pD) range of 4-10. The solvent isotope effect (kH2O/kD2O) of 1.53 below pH (pD) 6 supports the mechanism of water-catalyzed rearrangement of undissociated penicillin G to benzylpenicillenic acid. The spontaneous degradation at neutral pH (pD) and the hydroxide-ion-catalyzed degradation in the alkaline pH (pD) range progress with a deuterium solvent isotope effect (kH2O/kD2O) of 4.5 and 0.59, respectively. This finding indicates the mechanisms of general base-catalyzed hydrolysis by water in the neutral pH range and of nucleophilic attack of the hydroxide ion on the beta-lactam in the alkaline pH range. No significant side-chain dependency was observed in the reaction of penicillins with bases. The solvent isotope studies led to the conclusion that penicillin degradation is catalyzed by a series of bases via general base-catalyzed and nucleophilic mechanisms, depending on their basicity.
Alternative Approaches to Incorporate Design for Safety into Construction Engineering Curricula

Robert G. Batson, Ph.D., P.E., is a professor of construction engineering in the Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering at The University of Alabama. He holds a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics and an M.S. in Industrial Engineering, both received from The University of Alabama in 1979. He teaches required undergraduate courses in construction engineering, safety engineering, engineering management, and applied statistics, and graduate courses in operations research and supply chain management. Prior to transitioning into the Construction Engineering Program at UA, he was a professor of Industrial Engineering 1984-2007. From 1979-84, he was a systems engineer with Lockheed Corporation. Dr. Batson is a long-time member of ASEE and is past-president of the Southeastern Section.
Urothelial cancers: ureter, renal pelvis, and bladder.

To review the diagnosis, treatment, and nursing management of patients with urothelial cancers.



PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Text books, and clinical experience.



Progress is being made in the surgical and systemic management of urothelial cancers, and the oncology nurse is in a position to make an impact on patient education and overall quality of life.



Nursing care begins at pre-diagnostic testing and continues through treatment for metastatic disease. Nurses must be knowledgeable about diagnostic tests, treatment options, and the quality-of-life implications of associated surgeries and/or treatments to support and guide patients. Education should be comprehensive, addressing not only treatment side effects but also long-term implications on patients' lives and lifestyles.
Prolegomenon to a Critique of Symbolic Reason

Jacob Klein’s own account of the change from the ancient to the modern mode of thinking presented in his seminal Greek Mathematical Thought and the Origin of Algebra included the observation that it did not consider the larger perspective of this change. The discussion to follow proposes to view the larger perspective of this transition through the lens provided by the Kantian concept of a “critique” of pure reason. By asking and attempting to answer the question of whether Klein’s account of what he calls the “symbolic abstraction” responsible for the genesis of the modern concept of number can be seen as what Kant characterizes as an “assessment” of pure reason, it is my intent to venture a prolegomenon to a critique of what, following Klein, I want to argue is most properly called “symbolic reason.”