nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Group Work with Men's Beliefs.

The article provides a discussion of a group modality (similar to the Association for Specialists in Group Work's [ASGW] definition of psychoeducational groups) for working with men's beliefs regarding to the personal, social, familial, and historical and developmental aspects of their lives. Betz, Wilbur, and Roberts-Wilbur (1981) first presented their typology of group modalities as a model for organizing the myriad of group forms and information from numerous and different disciplines. Since 1981, they have applied the task-, socio-, and psycho-process group modalities to a variety of populations and a plethora of contexts (Bernard & Goodyear, 1992; Betz, Wilbur, & Roberts-Wilbur, 1981, 1983; Wilbur, Roberts-Wilbur, & Betz, 1981, 1983; Wilbur, Roberts-Wilbur, Morris, Hart, & Betz, 1991).
Implementing deregulation and promoting foreign direct investment in Africa : a report on six workshops

This paper is a summary of discussions and recommendations from a series of six workshops held in different African countries. The workshops came out of the Garborone Roundtable in 1992 and dealt with policy implementation; discussing with high level civil servants, problems and issues related to implementing policy changes on the working level and to the vital role civil servants have to play in making their countries more attractive to foreign investors. The following issues were debated: investment improvement process, access to land, domestic financing, tax administration, entry visas and work permits, price controls, customs and port operations, foreign trade formalities, foreign exchange controls and formalities, and legal and judicial systems.
The Wright Brothers: First Aeronautical Engineers and Test Pilots

Sir George Cayley invented the conventional configuration of the airplane at the turn of the 19th century. Otto Lilienthal realized that building a successful aircraft meant learning how to fly; he became the first hang glider pilot and also the first flight fatality in 1896. Beginning in the late 1890s, the Wright Brothers absorbed all that was known in aeronautics before them, then added their own discoveries and developed the first successful airplane. Technically, their greatest fundamental achievement was their invention of three-axis aerodynamic control. Less obviously, their success was a consequence of style, their manner of working out their ideas and of progressing systematically to their stunning achievements. They were indeed the first aeronautical engineers, understanding as best they could all aspects of their aircraft and flying. They were thinkers, designers, constructors, analysts, and especially flight-testpilots. Their powers of observation and interpretation of the behavior of their aircraft in flight were remarkable and essential to their development of the airplane. Their work in the period 1899–1905 constitutes the first true research and development program carried out in the style of the 20th century. As the centenary of their first powered flights approaches, the Wright Brothers’ magnificent achievements excite growing admiration and respect for their achievements. The broad features of their accomplishments have long been well known. Only in the past two decades has serious attention been directed to the scientific and technical content of their work, to explain the nature of the problems they faced and how they solved them. After a century’s progress in aeronautics, the principles, understanding,and methods not available to the Wrights provide the basis for interpreting in modern terms the experiences that the Wrights themselves documented so meticulously in their diaries, papers, and correspondence. It is a unique opportunity in the history of technology.
Solving the Puzzle of Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises: The Path of the Temasek Model in Singapore and Lessons for China

The purpose of this Article is to examine the corporate governance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the Asian context by empirically surveying the influence of Temasek Holdings, Singapore’s sovereign wealth fund, on its portfolio of government-linked companies in Singapore. Overall, the Temasek model seems to be a promising one. This Article shows that the top listed government-linked companies in which Temasek has a stake have greater board independence than the other top listed companies in Singapore. This illustrates that a high quality of corporate governance could be aligned with public interests associated with SOEs. While this research offers hope for SOE reformers in China, the Article also argues that the need for strong public governance, the role of foreign activities and market forces, and the importance of a government’s desire to serve as a market leader are all underlying factors that make Temasek what it is today. Unfortunately, in the absence of those institutional factors, transplant of the Temasek model to other countries is unlikely to be entirely successful.  Assistant Professor of Law, Singapore Management University. The author thanks for the kind sponsorship of the Singapore Management University to fund this research (Research Grant No. 14C234-SMU-006). 36_2_2_CHEN FINAL.docx (DO NOT DELETE) 3/30/16 3:21 PM Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business 36:303 (2016) 304 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Information management and consumer oriented service system in the automobile repair businesses in Taiwan

The automobile repair businesses in Taiwan strive to meet many challenges today The most critical ones are the close connections of sale networks, the information sharing of repair and technique, the integration of educational training, and the establishment of service information network. In order to face these challenges, one strategy is to apply information technology in automobile repair businesses. This study investigates how automobile repair businesses utilize information management and consumer oriented service system to achieve their automotive management goals. An in-depth case study of the automobile repair businesses was performed by conducting interviews with key decision makers and academic researchers. We found information management was being launched for transaction development to enhance the technician skill and customer satisfaction in Taiwan. Implications for instruction and testing are discussed.
A token to the future : a digital ‘archive’ of early Australian children’s literature

This essay considers a specific digital ‘archive’ of early Australian children’s literature, known as the Children’s Literature Digital Resources (CLDR), which is located in AustLit: The Australian Literature Resource ( http://www.austlit.edu.au ). We examine what the CLDR collection can tell us about Australia’s history. To narrow the scope, we focus on how Australia was constructing itself as a nation with its own character, or national identity, in texts written for children from the latter part of the nineteenth century up until the end of World War II. Our approach is to consider how early Australian children’s literature included in the CLDR collection rhetorically constructs nation and place, and in so doing constructs an Australian identity for its implied readers.
Henry James and the Jacobites

In the 1920's he had a small but definite position of prominence. He was read by Scott Fitzgerald, for example, among other writers of the period; his first editions were collected by the sophisticated. In the thirties age of social concern and radical belief, of thwarted hopes and twisted careers, of disenchantment, yes, but of vitality and excitement too poor James was put back in his familiar corner of obscurity. It was only in the midforties, in the decades following the Second (and perhaps Last) World War, that James was "discovered," and rediscovered, and discovered again, until he took on, with each passing year of our period, a greater and greater importance. Isn't he now the source of a whole literary, academic and critical foundation an industry? Like his own scoundrelly philosopher of "The Coxon Fund" strange irony James has become an institution. He is considered today not only a major figure in world literature but, with Melville, as a supreme American artist sometimes as the only American writer of modern times.
PERCEIVED LOCUS OF CAUSALITY AS A VARIABLE AFFECTING USE OF EMOTIONAL WORDS

Sammary.-The role of locus of causality (atmibution: self, none or other) and event outcome (success or failure) in the use of emotional words was addressed when 129 subjects rated 20 emotions in terms of how strongly they would feel them in 6 imaginary situations. Significant main effects were associated with outcome (for 17 words) and with locus of causalicy (10 words). The interaction of locus and outcome was also significant (5 times). Parallels are drawn between the dimensiom of attribution (including locus) and the dimensions of affective space. Russell ( 1778) provides convergent validity for two bipolar dimensions of affective space (the dimensional space used to describe emotional words).  and Activation (or Arousal) are validated by references to past and present research. Subsequent to stringent efforts aimed at describing dimensions beyond Evaluation and Activation, Russell concludes that such additional dimensions are to be "interpreted as describing not the emotion per se but rather beliefs about the antecedents and consequences of the emotion." In another context, Russell and Pratt (1780) concluded that dimensions beyond Evaluation and Activation should not bear the label "affective" but should be considered as "cognitive" instead, bearing as they do on events surrounding the emotion and on the individual's interpretation of such events. The interpretations that surround events are considered important in attribution theory, where causal attribution (the answer to the question "why") is seen to interact with event outcomes (success, failure) and with emotional responses to the event (Forsyth & McMillan, 1781). Data from classroom sirnations bear out the value of Weiner's three-dimensional theory of attribution: locus of causality, stability, and controlability affect the emotional responses of subjects to test results (Forsyth & McMillan, 1781). The language used to describe the dimensions of attribution (locus of causality, stability, controlability) is very similar to the language used by Russell in describing candidates for the role of the third dimension in affective space (locus of control, locus of causation, dominance). The present experiment attempts to clarify, to some extent, the role of causal attribution in the use and understanding of emotional words. Causal attribution is not necessarily represented as a dimension in affective space. Rather, a set of emotional words is presented to subjects under different assumptions of event outcome and causal attribution. Systematic responses,
Max Weber and the moral idea of society

Methodological individualism has always been a focal point in the secondary literature on Max Weber. Some of the recent literature has endeavoured to extend this focus to individual autonomy and freedom in Weber’s political thought, and a part of this endeavour has attempted to portray his comparative studies of religion as evidence of his promotion of North American civil society at home in Germany. However, whilst this literature has provided us with a very high standard of research into the context of Weber’s work, little has been written about the conceptualizations of society that he made outside of his magnum opus, Economy and Society. This article concentrates on the scholarly approach to the social world and society that Weber adopted in his contributions to the social question, in his encounter with an organic concept of society, and in his rejection of holistic reifications of society. The focus is on a complex idea of morality in Weber’s work. Despite his contempt for organicism and what we mig...
Transition to a low carbon footprint : a conceptual model of impacts and management for Australian businesses

Australian businesses will face profound and wide-ranging structural impacts during their transition to a low carbon footprint economy. This paper synthesizes the impacts for the firm during the transition and identifies the crucial impact variables. In doing so, it explores the link between the opportunities and benefits, costs, risks and structural changes and evaluates the challenges in managing the multiple impacts. The paper provides a conceptual model that will assist decision-makers deal with risk management or bottom-line protection issues as well as exploiting the business opportunity the new regulatory environment will produce. The model argues for a holistic corporate governance mechanism, with responsibility and accountability of climate change risk management placed with the board of directors and senior management. The literature review is presented first, followed by the discussion and the model. Future empirical research direction is also presented with the development of a series of propositions for testing.
Late Jurassic age for the Morokweng impact structure, southern Africa

A roughly 70 km diameter circular feature buried beneath the Kalahari sands in South Africa is revealed on regional aeromagnetic maps. Boreholes drilled into the centre of the structure intercept a ∼ 250 m thick sheet of quartz norite, interpreted as an impact melt, which overlies brecciated and shock metamorphosed basement granite. Zircons recovered from the quartz norite, yield U-Pb ages of 145 ± 0.8 Ma, and biotites provide Ar-Ar ages of 144 ± 4 Ma. These data provide strong evidence for the occurrence of a Late Jurassic impact crater (the Morokweng impact structure) ∼ 100 m beneath the surface.
Influence of spark plasma sintering temperature on the microstructure and strengthening mechanisms of discontinuous three-dimensional graphene-like network reinforced Cu matrix composites

For metal matrix composites (MMCs), the sintering temperature is of vital importance in realizing a dense bulk material with tight interfacial adhesion as well as limited structural damage to reinforcements. In this work, we investigated the influence of the spark plasma sintering (SPS) sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the in-situ synthesized discontinuous three-dimensional graphene-like network (3D GN) reinforced copper matrix composites. It demonstrates that with the rise of the sintering temperature from 600 °C to 700 °C, the GN distribution changes from intergranular type to intragranular type as a result of the significant improvement in interfacial wettability. Furthermore, the overall mechanical performance (both tensile strength and ductility) of the GN/Cu composites presents an unanticipated declining trend at elevated sintering temperatures. Integrated with microstructure characterization and the theoretical analysis, it is verified that the change of the reinforcement size and its distribution are the dominant factors. Their contributions to the mechanical properties of the composites were also studied in detail.
Flexibility, networks and the management of innovation

This working paper reports on the findings from a research project, just completed. The project aimed to contribute to understanding of the innovative performance of UK industry by bringing together human resources and innovation management expertise. The central research question being investigated was: how do companies maintain the ability to innovate, given looser formal ownership of intellectual capital, due to increasingly flexible contractual relationships between companies and their staff, and increased outsourcing of business functions. Research methods included a postal survey of 2700 employers of 100 or more people, covering the whole of the private sector. This was complemented by eight detailed case studies of organizations and networks of organizations. This paper is the first summary of findings from the whole research programme.
The Study of Psychology Method Applied to the Historical Geography Teaching Research

After half a century of development, historical geography of contemporary China has made great achievements. With the development of modern science and technology, historical geography must pay attention to absorbing and referring to relevant subject research methods and research means. This paper firstly describes the importance of historical geography research methods and the significance of psychology applied to historical geography. And then start with two branch of historical geography, the historical national geography and historical society geography, a detailed analysis of the historical geography in psychological research methods learn how to research methods of psychology that we study the historical geography can be an effective means.
External Sampling

We initiate the study of sublinear-time algorithms in the external memory model . In this model, the data is stored in blocks of a certain size B , and the algorithm is charged a unit cost for each block access. This model is well-studied, since it reflects the computational issues occurring when the (massive) input is stored on a disk. Since each block access operates on B data elements in parallel, many problems have external memory algorithms whose number of block accesses is only a small fraction (e.g. 1/B ) of their main memory complexity. 
 
However, to the best of our knowledge, no such reduction in complexity is known for any sublinear-time algorithm. One plausible explanation is that the vast majority of sublinear-time algorithms use random sampling and thus exhibit no locality of reference. This state of affairs is quite unfortunate, since both sublinear-time algorithms and the external memory model are important approaches to dealing with massive data sets, and ideally they should be combined to achieve best performance. 
 
In this paper we show that such combination is indeed possible. In particular, we consider three well-studied problems: testing of distinctness , uniformity and identity of an empirical distribution induced by data. For these problems we show random-sampling-based algorithms whose number of block accesses is up to a factor of $1/\sqrt{B}$ smaller than the main memory complexity of those problems. We also show that this improvement is optimal for those problems. 
 
Since these problems are natural primitives for a number of sampling-based algorithms for other problems, our tools improve the external memory complexity of other problems as well.
A Classification Theory of Semantics of Normal Logic Programs: I. Strong Properties

Our aim in this article is to present a method for classifying and characterizing the various different semantics of logic programs with negation that have been considered in the last years. Instead of appealing to more or less questionable intuitions, we take a more structural view: our starting point is the observation that all semantics induce in a natural way non-monotonic entailment relations “ |˜ ”. The novel idea of our approach is to ask for the properties of these |˜ -relations and to use them for describing all possible semantics. The main properties discussed in this paper are adaptations of rules that play a fundamental role in general non-monotonic reasoning: Cumulativity and Rationality. They were introduced and investigated by Gabbay, Kraus, Lehmann, Magidor and Makinson. We show that the 3-valued version COMP 3 of Clark's completion, the stratified semantics M supp P as well as the well-founded semantics WFS and two extensions of it behave very regular: they are cumulative, rational and one of them is even supraclassical. While Pereira's recently proposed semantics O-SEM is not rational it is still cumulative. Cumulativity fails for the regular semantics REG-SEM of You/Yuan (recently shown to be equivalent to three other proposals). In a second article we will supplement these strong rules with a set of weak rules and consider the problem of uniquely describing a given semantics by its strong and weak properties together.
Three Examples of Join Computations

This article answers three questions of J. Almeida. Using combinatorial, algebraic and topological methods, we compute joins involving the pseudovariety of nite groups, the pseudovariety of semigroups in which each idempotent is a right zero and the pseudovariety generated by monoids M such that each idempotent of Mnf1g is a left zero. The need to organize nite semigroups into a hierarchy comes from several algorithmic problems in connection with computer science. The lattice of semigroup pseudovarieties (classes of nite semigroups closed under nite direct product, subsemigroup and homomorphic image) became the object of special consideration after the publication of Eilenberg’s treatise [11]. Many problems from language theory found indeed an interesting formulation within this scope. At the moment, one of the challenges is to understand some operators acting on pseudovarieties. In this perspective, topological approaches providing signican t results were developed during the last decade by Almeida. The present paper takes advantage of these techniques to answer three
More shock than therapy : Market transition, employment, and income in Russia, 1991-1995

We assess 14 predictions from market transition theory using survey data on employment, earnings, and income in Russia, during the first five years of market reform. Although the private sector has grown, self-employment is still rare. Incomes are down, and unemployment is up. Some entrepreneurs and managers have achieved dramatic success, while most Russians have steadily lost ground to hyper-inflation. The upshot is a distended income distribution and unprecedented income inequality. Distinctive features of late Soviet-era stratification persist: low returns to education, a gender gap in earnings, and low earnings among professionals. The Russian market transition offers more opportunity in trade, consumer services, and speculation and fewer in manufacturing than do other emerging markets. This dynamic corresponds to the image of "merchant capitalism" and contradicts the predictions of market transition theory.
Effects of amination and adsorption of ammonia on the electrical conductivity of the detonation nanodiamond powders

In the present work, the temperature dependence of the static Gdc(T) and dynamic conductivity Gac(T, f) of detonation nanodiamond powders in the frequency range 25-10 6 Hz and 300<T<800 K have been studied. Data on Gdc(T) and Gac(T,f) were obtained for the initial and aminated samples. It has shown that the value of electroconductivity for the intial and amianted nanodiamond powders differs by 2,5 order. A value of activation energy decreases compared to the original and equals 0.46 eV. Data on the effect of ammonia adsorption on Gdc(T), Gac(T, f) and the frequency dependence of dielectric permeability (?) were obtained for powders of DND at room temperature. The effect of giant dielectric permeability increase at low frequencies was found. After exposure to ammonia within 48 hours, the dielectric permeability changes from 15 to 2,1?105 for initial sample at a 25 Hz, and at 1 kHz from 11 to 1.6?103 for UDD-SP,..
Integrability of anisotropic and homogeneous Universes in scalar-tensor theory of gravitation

In this paper, we develop a method based on the analysis of the Kovalewski exponents to study the integrability of anisotropic and homogeneous Universes. The formalism is developed in scalar-tensor gravity, the general relativistic case appearing as a special case of this larger framework. Then, depending on the rationality of the Kovalewski exponents, the different models, both in the vacuum and in the presence of a barotropic matter fluid, are classified, and their integrability is discussed.