nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose-intensive response-based chemotherapy and radiation therapy for children and adolescents with newly diagnosed intermediate-risk hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group Study AHOD0031.

The Children's Oncology Group study AHOD0031, a randomized phase III study, was designed to evaluate the role of early chemotherapy response in tailoring subsequent therapy in pediatric intermediate-risk Hodgkin lymphoma. To avoid treatment-associated risks that compromise long-term health and to maintain high cure rates, dose-intensive chemotherapy with limited cumulative doses was used.



Patients received two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone (ABVE-PC) followed by response evaluation. Rapid early responders (RERs) received two additional ABVE-PC cycles, followed by complete response (CR) evaluation. RERs with CR were randomly assigned to involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) or no additional therapy; RERs with less than CR were nonrandomly assigned to IFRT. Slow early responders (SERs) were randomly assigned to receive two additional ABVE-PC cycles with or without two cycles of dexamethasone, etoposide, cisplatin, and cytarabine (DECA). All SERs were assigned to receive IFRT.



Among 1,712 eligible patients, 4-year event-free survival (EFS) was 85.0%: 86.9% for RERs and 77.4% for SERs (P < .001). Four-year overall survival was 97.8%: 98.5% for RERs and 95.3% for SERs (P < .001). Four-year EFS was 87.9% versus 84.3% (P = .11) for RERs with CR who were randomly assigned to IFRT versus no IFRT, and 86.7% versus 87.3% (P = .87) for RERs with positron emission tomography (PET) -negative results at response assessment. Four-year EFS was 79.3% versus 75.2% (P = .11) for SERs who were randomly assigned to DECA versus no DECA, and 70.7% versus 54.6% (P = .05) for SERs with PET-positive results at response assessment.



This trial demonstrated that early response assessment supported therapeutic titration (omitting radiotherapy in RERs with CR; augmenting chemotherapy in SERs with PET-positive disease). Strategies directed toward improved response assessment and risk stratification may enhance tailoring of treatment to patient characteristics and response.
Observations and outcomes of urethroplasty for bulbomembranous stenosis after radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Bulbomembranous stenosis is a significant complication of radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Our purpose is to report outcomes of urethroplasty for radiation-induced bulbomembranous urethral stenoses. Thirty-five patients underwent urethroplasty for refractory radiation-induced bulbomembranous stenoses from January 2004 to November 2013. Patients had a minimum follow-up of 12 months with routine cystoscopy at 6 and 12 months. Primary outcome was urethral patency, and secondary outcomes were 90-day complications, de novo incontinence, de novo erectile dysfunction and bothersome LUTS. Outcomes were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Of the 35 patients, 20 and 15 had stenosis related to external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy, respectively. Mean stricture length was 3.5 cm. Reconstruction was performed using anastomotic urethroplasty in 23 patients (65.7 %), while 12 required tissue transfer as a buccal mucosa graft (20.0 %) or penile island flap (14.3 %). With 50.5 months of follow-up, thirty patients (85.7 %) achieved cystoscopic patency with no significant difference between techniques (p = 0.32). A 90-day complication rate of 31.4 % was observed (all Clavien 1–2) with no difference between techniques (p = 1.00). Adverse change in continence occurred in 25.7 % of patients (13.3 % in those without previous TURP). Postoperatively, persisting storage LUTS occurred in 40.0 and 30.4 % described adverse change in erectile function (exclusively in the anastomotic urethroplasty group). Reconstruction of radiation-induced bulbomembranous stenosis yields satisfying patency rates. However, radiation-induced urethral stenosis is not an isolated problem as many patients suffer from storage symptoms, erectile dysfunction or incontinence as a consequence of treatment either before or after urethroplasty.
Usefulness of data from magnetic resonance imaging to improve prediction of dementia: population based cohort study

To determine whether the addition of data derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain to a model incorporating conventional risk variables improves prediction of dementia over 10 years of follow-up.



Population based cohort study of individuals aged ≥ 65.



The Dijon magnetic resonance imaging study cohort from the Three-City Study, France.



1721 people without dementia who underwent an MRI scan at baseline and with known dementia status over 10 years' follow-up.



Incident dementia (all cause and Alzheimer's disease).



During 10 years of follow-up, there were 119 confirmed cases of dementia, 84 of which were Alzheimer's disease. The conventional risk model incorporated age, sex, education, cognition, physical function, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol use), health (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, systolic blood pressure), and the apolipoprotein genotype (C statistic for discrimination performance was 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.71 to 0.82). No significant differences were observed in the discrimination performance of the conventional risk model compared with models incorporating data from MRI including white matter lesion volume (C statistic 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 0.82; P=0.48 for difference of C statistics), brain volume (0.77, 0.72 to 0.82; P=0.60), hippocampal volume (0.79, 0.74 to 0.84; P=0.07), or all three variables combined (0.79, 0.75 to 0.84; P=0.05). Inclusion of hippocampal volume or all three MRI variables combined in the conventional model did, however, lead to significant improvement in reclassification measured by using the integrated discrimination improvement index (P=0.03 and P=0.04) and showed increased net benefit in decision curve analysis. Similar results were observed when the outcome was restricted to Alzheimer's disease.



Data from MRI do not significantly improve discrimination performance in prediction of all cause dementia beyond a model incorporating demographic, cognitive, health, lifestyle, physical function, and genetic data. There were, however, statistical improvements in reclassification, prognostic separation, and some evidence of clinical utility.
Hybrid Structured Clock Network Construction 1

This paper hierarchically constructs a hybrid mesh/tree clock network structure consisting of overlying zero-skew clock meshes, with underlying zero-skew clock trees originating from the mesh nodes. We propose a mesh construction procedure, which guarantees zero skew under the Elmore delay model, using a simple and efficient linear programming formulation. Buffers are inserted to reduce the transition time (or rise time). As a post-processing step, wire width optimization under an accurate higher-order delay metric is performed to further minimize the transition time and propagation delay/skew. Experimental results show that the hybrid mesh/tree construction scheme can provide smaller propagation delay and transition time than a comparable clock tree.
Value of Computed Tomography of the Chest in Subjects With ARDS: A Retrospective Observational Study.

The value of computed tomography (CT) of the chest in the management of patients with ARDS is poorly defined. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical utility of thoracic CT scans in subjects with ARDS using the Berlin definition.



This was a retrospective, observational study in a university hospital ARDS center on all subjects with ARDS in whom a CT scan of the chest was performed immediately before or during an ICU stay between January 1, 2007 and June 30, 2013.



During the study period, a total of 1,781 thoracic CT scans were performed, of which 204 cases met inclusion criteria. The most common pathologic findings of the lung parenchyma were consolidations (94.1% of cases) and ground glass opacities (85.3%). Furthermore, CT scans showed pleural effusions (80.4%), mediastinal lymphadenopathy (66.7%), signs of right ventricular strain and pulmonary hypertension (53.9%), pericardial effusion (37.3%), emphysema of the chest wall (12.3%), pneumothorax (11.8%), emphysema of the mediastinum (7.4%), and pulmonary embolism (2.5%). Results of CT scans led to changes in management in 26.5% of cases. Mortality was significantly increased in subjects with involvement of lung parenchyma of >80% (P = .004). Intrahospital transport was associated with critical incidents in 8.3% of cases.



Systematic evaluation of thoracic CT scans yielded information useful for making a diagnosis, predicting prognosis, and recognizing concomitant disorders requiring therapeutic interventions. Results obtained from CT scans led to changes in management in 26.5% of cases.
Intravenous magnesium therapy for moderate to severe pediatric asthma: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous magnesium (IVMg) therapy for moderate to severe asthma exacerbations in pediatric patients.



Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.



Urban pediatric emergency department.



Thirty-one patients aged 6 to 18 years who were being treated for an acute asthma exacerbation with peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) less than 60% of the predicted value after receiving three beta 2-adrenergic nebulizer treatments.



Magnesium sulfate infusion, 25 mg/kg (maximum, 2 gm), or equivolume saline solution for 20 minutes.



Vital signs, O2 saturation by pulse oximetry, PEFR, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at 1 second, and physical examination were serially recorded for 110 minutes, with serum magnesium concentrations measured before and after the 20-minute infusion. At 50 minutes the magnesium group had a significantly greater percentage of improvement from baseline in forced expiratory volume at 1 second (34% vs -1%; p = 0.05); this improvement was sustained and even greater at 110 minutes (75% vs 5%; p = 0.01). Results were similar for PEFR at 80 through 110 minutes (59% vs 20% at 110 minutes; p = 0.05) and for forced vital capacity (55% vs 8% at 80 minutes; p = 0.05). There were no significant intergroup differences in blood pressure at any point. Patients who received intravenous magnesium infusions were more likely to be discharged home from the emergency department than those who received placebo (4/15 vs 0/16; p = 0.03).



Children treated with intravenous magnesium infusions for moderate to severe asthma had significantly greater improvement in short-term pulmonary function without any significant alteration in blood pressure, suggesting a role for this agent as an adjunct in the treatment of such patients.
Substance abuse treatment and psychiatric comorbidity: do benefits spill over? analysis of data from a prospective trial among cocaine-dependent homeless persons

Comorbid psychiatric illness can undermine outcomes among homeless persons undergoing addiction treatment, and psychiatric specialty care is not always readily available. The prognosis for nonsubstance abuse psychiatric diagnoses among homeless persons receiving behaviorally-based addiction treatment, however, is little studied.



Data from an addiction treatment trial for 95 cocaine-dependent homeless persons (1996-1998) were used to profile psychiatric diagnoses at baseline and 6 months, including mood-related disorders (e.g. depression) and anxiety-related disorders (e.g. post-traumatic stress disorder). Treatment interventions, including systematic reinforcement for goal attainment, were behavioral in orientation. There was a 32% reduction in the prevalence of comorbid non-addiction psychiatric disorder from baseline to 6 months, with similar reductions in the prevalence of mood (-32%) and anxiety-related disorders (-20%) (p = 0.12).



Among cocaine-dependent homeless persons with psychiatric comorbidity undergoing behavioral addiction treatment, a reduction in comorbid psychiatric disorder prevalence was observed over 6 months. Not all participants improved, suggesting that even evidence-based addiction treatment will prove insufficient for a meaningful proportion of the dually diagnosed homeless population.
Variants in TRIM22 That Affect NOD2 Signaling Are Associated With Very-Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Severe forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that develop in very young children can be caused by variants in a single gene. We performed whole-exome sequence (WES) analysis to identify genetic factors that might cause granulomatous colitis and severe perianal disease, with recurrent bacterial and viral infections, in an infant of consanguineous parents.



We performed targeted WES analysis of DNA collected from the patient and her parents. We validated our findings by a similar analysis of DNA from 150 patients with very-early-onset IBD not associated with known genetic factors analyzed in Toronto, Oxford, and Munich. We compared gene expression signatures in inflamed vs noninflamed intestinal and rectal tissues collected from patients with treatment-resistant Crohn's disease who participated in a trial of ustekinumab. We performed functional studies of identified variants in primary cells from patients and cell culture.



We identified a homozygous variant in the tripartite motif containing 22 gene (TRIM22) of the patient, as well as in 2 patients with a disease similar phenotype. Functional studies showed that the variant disrupted the ability of TRIM22 to regulate nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)-dependent activation of interferon-beta signaling and nuclear factor-κB. Computational studies demonstrated a correlation between the TRIM22-NOD2 network and signaling pathways and genetic factors associated very early onset and adult-onset IBD. TRIM22 is also associated with antiviral and mycobacterial effectors and markers of inflammation, such as fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein, and Crohn's disease activity index scores.



In WES and targeted exome sequence analyses of an infant with severe IBD characterized by granulomatous colitis and severe perianal disease, we identified a homozygous variant of TRIM22 that affects the ability of its product to regulate NOD2. Combined computational and functional studies showed that the TRIM22-NOD2 network regulates antiviral and antibacterial signaling pathways that contribute to inflammation. Further study of this network could lead to new disease markers and therapeutic targets for patients with very early and adult-onset IBD.
HeartSense: Ubiquitous Accurate Multi-Modal Fusion-based Heart Rate Estimation Using Smartphones

Heart rate is one of the most important vital signals for personal health tracking. A number of smartphone-based heart rate estimation systems have been proposed over the years. However, they either depend on special hardware sensors or suffer from the high noise due to the weakness of the heart signals, affecting their accuracy in many practical scenarios.
 Inspired by medical studies about the heart motion mechanics, we propose the HeartSense heart rate estimation system. Specifically, we show that the gyroscope sensor is the most sensitive sensor for measuring the heart rate. To further counter noise and handle different practical scenarios, we introduce a novel quality metric that allows us to fuse the different gyroscope axes in a probabilistic framework to achieve a robust and accurate estimate.
 We have implemented and evaluated our system on different Android phones. Results using 836 experiments on different subjects in practical scenarios with a side-by-side comparison with other systems show that HeartSense can achieve 1.03 bpm median absolute error for heart rate estimation. This is better than the state-of-the-art by more than 147% in median error, highlighting HeartSense promise as a ubiquitous system for medical and personal well-being applications.
Tea drinking is associated with benefits on bone density in older women.

Impaired hip structure assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is an independent predictor for osteoporotic hip fracture. Some studies suggest that tea intake may protect against bone loss.



Using both cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs, we examined the relation of tea consumption with hip structure.



Randomly selected women (n = 1500) aged 70-85 y participated in a 5-y prospective trial to evaluate whether oral calcium supplements prevent osteoporotic fractures. aBMD at the hip was measured at years 1 and 5 with DXA. A cross-sectional analysis of 1027 of these women at 5 y assessed the relation of usual tea intake, measured by using a questionnaire, with aBMD. A prospective analysis of 164 women assessed the relation of tea intake at baseline, measured by using a 24-h dietary recall, with change in aBMD from years 1 to 5.



In the cross-sectional analysis, total hip aBMD was 2.8% greater in tea drinkers (x: 806; 95% CI: 797, 815 mg/cm(2)) than in non-tea drinkers (784; 764, 803 mg/cm(2)) (P < 0.05). In the prospective analysis over 4 y, tea drinkers lost an average of 1.6% of their total hip aBMD (-32; -45, -19 mg/cm(2)), but non-tea drinkers lost 4.0% (-13; -20, -5 mg/cm(2)) (P < 0.05). Adjustment for covariates did not influence the interpretation of results.



Tea drinking is associated with preservation of hip structure in elderly women. This finding provides further evidence of the beneficial effects of tea consumption on the skeleton.
Evaluating the FRIENDS program: a cognitive-behavioral group treatment for anxious children and their parents.

Conducted the 1st randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of the FRIENDS program, a family-based group cognitive-behavioral treatment (FGCBT) for anxious children. Children (n = 71) ranging from 6 to 10 years of age who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for separation anxiety (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or social phobia (SOP) were randomly allocated to FRIENDS or to a 10-week wait-list control group. The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated at posttreatment and 12-month follow-up. Results indicated that 69% of children who completed FGCBT were diagnosis-free, compared to 6% of children completing the wait-list condition. At 12-month follow-up, 68% of children were diagnosis-free. Beneficial treatment effects were also evident on the self-report measures completed by the children and their mothers. Parents and children reported high treatment satisfaction. Results suggest that FRIENDS is an effective treatment for clinically anxious children. Limitations of this study and directions for future research are discussed.
Single or tandem autologous stem-cell transplantation for first-relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: 10-year follow-up of the prospective H96 trial by the LYSA/SFGM-TC study group.

We assessed the long-term results of autologous stem-cell transplantation for patients with first-relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma included in the prospective Lymphoma Study Association/Société Française de Greffe de Moelle H96 trial. This large multicenter phase II trial evaluated a risk-adapted strategy with single or tandem autologous stem-cell transplantation for 245 Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Poor-risk patients (n=150) had primary refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (n=77) or ≥2 risk factors at first relapse (n=73) and were eligible for tandem autologous stem-cell transplantation. Intermediate-risk patients (n=95) had one risk factor at first relapse and were eligible for single autologous stem-cell transplantation. With a median follow-up of 10.3 years, 10-year freedom from second failure and overall survival rates were, respectively: 64% (95% CI, 54% to 74%) and 70% (95% CI, 61% to 80%) for the intermediate-risk group, and 41% (95% CI, 33% to 49%) and 47% (95% CI, 39% to 55%) for the poor-risk group. Considering only patients who did not relapse after completing autologous stem-cell transplantation, the 15-year cumulative incidences of second primary malignancies were 24% for the 70 intermediate-risk patients and 2% for the 75 poor-risk ones. With long-term follow-up, the risk-adapted strategy remains appropriate. Tandem autologous stem-cell transplantation can still be considered an option for poor-risk patients, but integration of positron-emission tomography findings and new drugs may help to refine the need for a second autologous stem-cell transplant and possibly improve outcomes of patients with first-relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.
Within patient comparison of prazosin and UK-33,274. A new alpha-adrenoceptor-antagonist

Eleven patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension received increasing single daily doses of UK-33,274, a new alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist, and prazosin for 4 days, in a open cross-over study. Doses were increased until a satifactory blood pressure response was obtained. Average doses reached were 4.5 mg for UK-33,274 and 2.4 mg for prazosin. The maximum effect of the two drugs on standing blood pressure was similar, but prazosin was more effective in the supine position. Both drugs had a greater effect on standing than on supine blood pressure. UK-33,274 caused a consistent increase in heart rate while prazosin did not. Whereas there was no clear difference between the two compounds in the duration of the reduction in blood pressure the onset of action was more gradual for UK-33,274. The incidence of side-effects was similar for both drugs. The data suggest that UK-33,274 is less effective than prazosin in reducing blood pressure.
Apathy in nursing home residents with dementia: results from a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Here we evaluate an interdisciplinary occupational and sport therapy intervention for dementia patients suffering from apathy.



A prospective, controlled, rater-blinded, clinical trial with two follow-ups was conducted as part of a larger cluster-randomized trial in 18 nursing homes in Berlin. n=117 dementia patients with apathy, defined as a score of 40 or more on the apathy evaluation scale (AES) or presence of apathy on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), were randomly assigned to intervention or control group. The intervention included 10 months of brief activities, provided once a week. The primary outcome measure was the total score on the AES scale measured directly after the intervention period and again after 12 months.



We found significant group differences with respect to apathy during the 10 month intervention period (F2,82=7.79, P<0.01), which reflected an increase in apathy in the control group, but not in the intervention group. Within one year after the intervention was ceased, the treatment group worsened and no longer differed significantly from the control group (P=0.55).



Our intervention was effective for the therapy of apathy in dementia, when applied, but not one year after cessation of therapy.