nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The gravitational field of a global monopole

The authors present an exact solution to the non-linear equation which describes a global monopole in the flat space. They re-examine the metric and the geodesics outside the global monopole. They show that a global monopole produces a repulsive gravitational field outside the core in addition to a solid anglar deficit. The lensing property of the global monopole and the global monopole-antimonopole annihilation mechanism are studied.
Networks in society : links and language

Toward General Models Rob Stocker On Graphs, Networks, and Social Groups David Green, Terry Bossomaier Language Networks Terry Bossomaier Complexity and Human Society David Green, Susan Sadedin Developing Agent-Based Models of Business Relations and Networks Ian Wilkinson, Fabian Held, Robert Marks, Louise Young Agent-Based Modeling of Social Networks: Natural Resource Applications of Human/Landscape Interactions Across Space and Time Randy Gimblett, Robert Itami, Aaron Poe Social Media Networks and the "Unthinkable Present": A User's Perspective John Carroll, David Cameron
Fabrication and Wear Performance of (Cu–Sn) Solution/TiCx Bonded Diamond Composites

The Cu(Sn)–TiCx bonded diamond composites were prepared by in situ reaction sintering of Cu, Ti2SnC and diamond powders. Effect of Ti2SnC content on the phase composition, microstructure and grinding properties were studied. The result shows that Ti2SnC was decomposed to TiCx and Sn. And then, Sn atom dissolved into the crystal lattice of Cu and formed Cu(Sn) solution. The rich C formed at the interface between diamond and the matrix. Excess Ti2SnC inhibited the formation of Cu solid solution and reacted with Cu to form Cu3Sn. Additionally, its matrix was mainly composed of TiCx with better wear resistance, which may improve obviously the grinding performance of the composites. The grinding ratio value of copper–diamond composite was only 132. The grinding ratio value of the composite contained higher Ti2SnC content in the raw materials was 636.
Chaos-Based Anytime-Reliable Coded Communications

Anytime reliable communication systems are needed in contexts where the property of vanishing error probability with time is critical. This is the case of unstable real time systems that are to be controlled through the transmission and processing of remotely sensed data. The most successful anytime reliable transmission systems developed so far are based on channel codes and channel coding theory. In this work, another focus is proposed, placing the stress on the waveform level rather than just on the coding level. This alleviates the coding and decoding complexity problems faced by other proposals. To this purpose, chaos theory is successfully exploited in order to design two different anytime reliable alternatives. The anytime reliability property is formally demonstrated in each case for the AWGN channel, under given conditions. The simulation results shown validate the theoretical developments, and demonstrate that these systems can achieve anytime reliability with affordable resource expenditure.
Insuperable difficulties: Einstein's statistical road to molecular physics

In this essay I analyze Einstein's statistical papers from 1902 to 1904. In these papers, Einstein developed the foundations of a theoretical program that he applied to concrete problems in 1905 and in subsequent years. It combined skepticism about classical mechanics, a firm belief in molecules, and absolute confidence in statistical principles. However, Einstein's dissertation does not follow his statistical program. I conjecture that Einstein avoided his own theoretical ideas to win the approval of his Ph.D. advisor, Alfred Kleiner.
Hybrid polymer-CdS solar cell active layers formed by in situ growth of CdS nanoparticles

The integration of semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) into a polymeric matrix has the potential to enhance the performance of polymer-based solar cells taking advantage of the physical properties of NPs and polymers. We synthesize a new class of CdS-NPs-based active layer employing a low-cost and low temperature route compatible with large-scale device manufacturing. Our approach is based on the controlled in situ thermal decomposition of a cadmium thiolate precursor in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The casted P3HT:precursor solid foils were heated up from 200 to 300 °C to allow the precursor decomposition and the CdS-NP formation within the polymer matrix. The CdS-NP growth was controlled by varying the annealing temperature. The polymer:precursor weight ratio was also varied to investigate the effects of increasing the NP volume fraction on the solar cell performances. The optical properties were studied by using UV–Vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at room temperature. To investigate the photocurrent response of P3HT:CdS nanocomposites, ITO/P3HT:CdS/Al solar cell devices were realized. We measured the external quantum efficiency (EQE) as a function of the wavelength. The photovoltaic response of the devices containing CdS-NPs showed a variation compared with the devices with P3HT only. By changing the annealing temperature the EQE is enhanced in the 400–600 nm spectral region. By increasing the NPs volume fraction remarkable changes in the EQE spectra were observed. The data are discussed also in relation to morphological features of the interfaces studied by Focused Ion Beam technique.
Spin Dependent Structure Function $g_1$ at Low $x$

Theoretical expectations concerning small $x$ behaviour of the spin dependent structure function $g_1$ are summarised. This includes discussion of the Regge pole model predictions and of the double $ln^2(1/x)$ effects implied by perturbative QCD. The quantitative implementation of the latter is described within the unified scheme incorporating both Altarelli-Parisi evolution and the double $ln^2(1/x)$ resummation. The double $ln^2(1/x)$ effects are found to be important in the region of $x$ which can possibly be probed at HERA. Predictions for the polarized gluon distribution $\Delta G(x,Q^2)$ at low $x$ are also given.
The Psychological Significance of the Blush: Frontmatter

1. The study of the blush: Darwin and after W. Ray Crozier and Peter J. de Jong Part I. The Nature of the Blush: 2. Psychophysiology of the blush Peter D. Drummond 3. Measurement of the blush Ruth Cooper and Alexander L. Gerlach Part II. Theoretical Perspectives on the Blush: 4. Psychological theories of blushing Mark R. Leary and Kaitlin Toner 5. Colours of the face: a comparative glance Jan A. R. A. M. van Hooff 6. Self-conscious emotional development Hedy Stegge 7. A biosocial perspective on embarrassment Ryan S. Darby and Christine R. Harris 8. The affective neuroscience of human social anxiety Vladimir Miskovic and Louis A. Schmidt Part III. The Blush in Social Interaction: 9. The interactive origins and outcomes of embarrassment Rowland S. Miller 10. Performing the blush: a dramaturgical perspective Susie Scott 11. Blushing and the private self W. Ray Crozier 12. Signal value and interpersonal implications of the blush Peter J. de Jong and Corine Dijk Part IV. Blushing Problems: Processes and Interventions: 13. Red, hot and scared: mechanisms underlying fear of blushing Corine Dijk and Peter J. de Jong 14. Psychological interventions for fear of blushing Michelle C. Capozzoli,  Susan M. Bogels and Stefan G. Hofmann 15. Psychological aspects of rosacea Peter D. Drummond and Daphne Su  16. Conclusions, what we don't know and future directions for research W. Ray Crozier and Peter J. de Jong.
싱가포르의 물류산업의 발전전략에 관한 연구

This paper focuses on logistics industry in Singapore. The main object of this research is to analyze competitiveness of Singapore's logistics industry while comparing Korea's logistics industry and to suggest strategic plan on development of logistics industry in Korea. Competitiveness of logistics industry in Singapore is at the top of the world. but under the rapidly changing environment of the international logistics, logistics industry of Singapore has recently faced with challenges from other countries of East Asia. The Singapore government is attempting various logistics policies to break through the challenges. The suggestions proposed by this paper is expected to offer a useful policy for developing logistics industry in Korea.
FABRICATION AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE RESEARCH OF Al_(2(1-x))Mg_xTi_(1+x)O_5

The thermal performance of AT with additive MgO·2TiO 2 was studied in order to restrain the decomposition of AT. The solid solutions Al 2(1- x ) Mg x Ti 1+ x O 5( x =0,0.01,0.05,0.1,0.3)were fabricated by a solid state reaction method. The solid solution powders were sintered under the normal pressure. The relation of x values and the components and thermal performance of the solid solution was investigated. The results indicate that with the augment of the x values the crystal lattice constants and thermal stability increased. When x value is 0.05 the compositional fraction of AT is only 9% at the temperature of 1 100 ℃ for ten hours. Finally, thermal expansion of the sintered specimens was studied.
Activating visual energy: The MA circle and the art of Sándor Bortnyik

The article examines how energetically and biomechanically-based aesthetics, reception theories, and political ideas could inform, or inspire, leftist visual and poetic representation and choice of style in Hungarian modernism during the 1918–19 political upheavals, as a response to modern technology's effects. In connection to these views, the article also reconsiders the political ambiguities of Bortnyik's art in relation to Hungarian anarchism.
Evaluation of performance measures for materials management process in industrial construction projects

Evaluation of Performance Measures for Materials Management Process in Industrial Construction Projects. By.  with evaluating characteristics that are deemed necessary for a supplier to provide a. materials management process have been examined. logistics, performance indicators. total project costs (Construction Industry Institute, 1987). Excellence in Project Management is achieved through a structured process that. throughout the project based on stakeholder values, performance metrics. When evaluating options, the whole-life value should be considered and not limited. been created by the Construction Industry Council (CIC) and it measures. In general, lean construction projects are easier to manage, safer, completed sooner. Also, it is intended to develop methodology for process evaluation and define. The results showed that there was strong support that more reliable material. performance and productivity of the industry, and certain serious measures.
Investigating chloroperoxidase-catalyzed formation of chloroform from humic substances using stable chlorine isotope analysis.

Chloroperoxidase (CPO) is suspected to play an important role in the biosynthesis of natural chloroform. The aims of the present study are to evaluate the variability of the δ(37)Cl value of naturally produced chloroform and to better understand the reaction steps that control the chlorine isotope signature of chloroform. The isotope analyses have shown that the chlorination of the humic substances (HS) in the presence of high H3O(+) and Cl(-) concentrations induces a large apparent kinetic isotope effect (AKIE = 1.010-1.018) likely associated with the transfer of chlorine between two heavy atoms, whereas in the presence of low H3O(+) and Cl(-) concentrations, the formation of chloroform induces a smaller AKIE (1.005-1.006) likely associated with the formation of an HOCl-ferriprotoporphyrin IX intermediate. As the concentration of H3O(+) and Cl(-) in soils are generally at submillimolar levels, the formation of the HOCl-ferriprotoporphyrin IX intermediate is likely rate-limiting in a terrestrial environment. Given that the δ(37)Cl values of naturally occurring chloride tend to range between -1 and +1‰, the δ(37)Cl value of natural chloroform should vary between -5‰ and -8‰. As the median δ(37)Cl value of industrial chloroform is -3.0‰, the present study suggests that chlorine isotopic composition of chloroform might be used to discriminate industrial and natural sources in the environment.
How Does Trade Sale Privatization Work? Evidence from the Fixed-Line Telecommunications Sector in Developing Economies

This research examines the effects of privatization transaction strategy on enterprise performance in developing economies. Focusing on trade sale privatization, we use an event-driven data strategy and time-series regression techniques on data covering fixed-line telecommunications operators between 1980 and 1998. The results show performance benefits are realized when privatization trade sales introduce large-block foreign shareholdings and hybrid forms of governance, such as joint ventures or consortia. These hybrid governance structures capture more complex ownership effects during privatization restructuring, particularly when compared with the dispersed shareholdings of share issue privatization, which show no discernable effect on performance. We argue traditional financial models are too focused on large-scale market-driven mechanisms at the expense of institution-building mechanisms, and as such fail to capture important contributors to performance improvement. We advance a comparative institutional lens to better understand how "firms effects" matter for privatization restructuring and performance.
Kinetics of Reactions of Heavy Hydrogen

THE publication, recently, of two notes1 concerning the reaction of heavy hydrogen and oxygen at elevated temperatures suggests that it may be of interest to mention briefly experiments which have been in progress in this laboratory during the past few months and which have had for their object the possible confirmation or elucidation of the mechanism of some chain reactions. A search has also been made for examples of reactions involving the quantum mechanical leakage of H and of D atoms through potential barriers.
LEAN THINKING WITHIN PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING DEPARTMENT: THE CASE OF THE U.K PUBLIC SERVICE

Can Lean work in public procurement, or is the field too complex and varied for a lean approach to succeed? In May 2010 the UK government announced a reform of public procurement; a key proposal was to use lean procurement to shorten timescales and reduce costs. This paper describes the Cabinet Office's work to develop a lean sourcing process and examines its practical implementation. . Early implementation experience is discussed alongside lean principles and theory and we consider the effect on procurement success in the public sector environment where strategic outcomes are paramount. We also seek to identify whether there are key enablers or preconditions which must exist in order for public procurement bodies to use a lean sourcing approach.
Marriage Payments: a fundamental reconsideration - eScholarship

Marriage payments: a fundamental reconsideration Abstract This paper is a constructive critique of the well-known book by Jack Goody and Stanley Tambiah (1973), Bridewealth and Dowry. Given the general acceptance of Goody’s framework in contemporary studies of marriage and marriage payments, it is essential that we refer to this framework as we advance new theoretical concepts of marriage-related socio-economic processes. As some reviews of this paper have observed, this critique is certainly overdue. In the course of this discussion we shall set forth analytical conceptions of wealth and consumption goods that we find to be foundational to an understanding of marriage payments and other economic processes; and we provide consistent criteria for studying the cross-cultural incidence of payments, gifts, bequests and inheritance that are often associated with marriage. For cross-cultural analysis it is important that the dimensions of social process be clearly delineated, in spite of confusion that arises at the level of common discourse. Unfortunately, the Goody-Tambiah presentation amplifies this confusion in the interest of an ethnocentric evolutionary scheme. And in the context of the study of marriage payments in China, Goody’s construction of the “indirect dowry” is particularly unfortunate.
Transaction cost economics and business administration

This paper traces the origins of transaction cost economics to three seminal people who had an intense interest in business: Ronald Coase, Chester Barnard, and Herbert Simon. By contrast with the neoclassical theory of the firm, which is a top-down construction, the transaction cost economics theory of the firm is a bottom-up construction--which is to say that it is much more microanalytic (the transaction is made the basic unit of analysis) and is comparative in its mode of analysis. Several top-down maxims that have their origins in economic theory are examined in a bottom-up way, which serves to uncover conceptual and/or implementation problems with each. I furthermore examine growing applications of transaction cost reasoning to business administration and within the social sciences.
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development and vocational behavior.

The present investigation empirically explored the relationship between psychosocial development as described by Erik H. Erikson and vocationalchoice behavior and development. Stage resolution attitudes, derived from the first six stage crises outlined by Erikson, were explored as variables influencing problems in vocational choice and vocational maturity. Students classified in different vocational-choice adjustment groups and students scoring at different levels on the Career Maturity Inventory were compared for differences among Eriksonian stage resolution attitudes as measured by the Inventory of Psychosocial Development and the Dignan Ego Identity Scale. Findings indicated that students who had made adjusted vocational choices and developed mature career attitudes had also been more successful in positively resolving the first six psychosocial stage crises outlined by Erikson.
Variation of hadron masses in finite nuclei

The quark-meson coupling model, based on a mean-field description of nonoverlapping nucleon bags bound by the self-consistent exchange of {sigma}, {omega}, and {rho} mesons, is extended to investigate the change of hadron properties in finite nuclei. Relativistic Hartree equations for spherical nuclei have been derived from a relativistic quark model of the structure of bound nucleons and mesons. Using this unified, self-consistent description of both infinite nuclear matter and finite nuclei, we investigate the properties of some closed-shell nuclei and study the changes in the hadron masses of the nonstrange vector mesons, the hyperons, and the nucleon in those nuclei. We find a new, simple scaling relation for the changes of the hadron masses, which can be described in terms of the number of nonstrange quarks in the hadron and the value of the scalar mean field in a nucleus.
Complex geometry of the Cenozoic magma plumbing system in the central Sahara, NW Africa

Topographic uplifts in the central Sahara occur in the Hoggar-Air and Tibesti-Gharyan swells that consist of Precambrian rocks overlain by Cenozoic volcanic rocks. The swells and associated Cenozoic volcanism have been related either to mantle plumes or to asthenospheric upwelling and to partial melting due to rift-related delamination along pre-existing Pan-African mega-shears during the collision between Africa and Europe. The Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Hoggar generally range from Oligocene tholeiitic/transitional plateau basalts, which occur in the centre of the dome, to Neogene alkali basalts characterized by a decrease in their degree of silica undersaturation and an increase in their La/Yb ratios. The alkali basaltic rocks occur mainly along the margins of the dome and typically have less radiogenic Nd and Sr isotopic ratios than the tholeiitic/transitional basalts. The geochemistry of the most primitive basaltic rocks resembles oceanic island basalt (OIB) tholeiitic – in particular high-U/Pb ma...
Automated Identification and Prioritization of Business Risks in e-service Networks

Modern e-service providers rely on service innovation to stay relevant. Once a new service package is designed, implementation-specific aspects such as value (co-)creation and cost/benefit analysis are investigated. However, due to time-to-market or competitive advantage constraints, innovative services are rarely assessed for potential risks of fraud before they are put out on the market. But these risks may result in loss of economic value for actors involved in the e-service’s provision. 
Our e3fraude3fraud approach automatically generates and prioritizes undesired-able scenarios from a business value model of the e-service, thereby drastically reducing the time needed to conduct an assessment. We provide examples from telecom service provision to motivate and illustrate the utility of the tool.
The development of opportunism in cross-sector alliances

Over the last two decades, strategic alliances and partnerships across industrial and global boundaries have become an important means to competitive positioning. Despite increases in partnership activity, alliances continue to face problems fuelled by partner opportunism, and cultural incompatibility. This paper seeks to contrast literature examining individual or firm level triggers to opportunism in partnerships with group based triggers. The paper also highlights the emergence of opportunism arising from cross-sectoral partners' differences in cultural values and norms. The literature indicates that cultural differences across industrial sectors are important factors for understanding the behaviour of partners within a collaborative alliance.  May 2010]
Heap Abstractions for Static Analysis

Heap data is potentially unbounded and seemingly arbitrary. Hence, unlike stack and static data, heap data cannot be abstracted in terms of a fixed set of program variables. This makes it an interesting topic of study and there is an abundance of literature employing heap abstractions. Although most studies have addressed similar concerns, insights gained in one description of heap abstraction may not directly carry over to some other description.
 In our search of a unified theme, we view heap abstraction as consisting of two steps: (a) heap modelling, which is the process of representing a heap memory (i.e., an unbounded set of concrete locations) as a heap model (i.e., an unbounded set of abstract locations), and (b) summarization, which is the process of bounding the heap model by merging multiple abstract locations into summary locations. We classify the heap models as storeless, store based, and hybrid. We describe various summarization techniques based on k-limiting, allocation sites, patterns, variables, other generic instrumentation predicates, and higher-order logics. This approach allows us to compare the insights of a large number of seemingly dissimilar heap abstractions and also paves the way for creating new abstractions by mix and match of models and summarization techniques.