nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the strength of Lewis acid centers via IR spectroscopic measurement of adsorbed pyridine

According to high-temperature IR spectroscopic studies, the isosteric heats of pyridine adsorption on the Lewis centers of Al2 O3, ZrO2 and zeolite HNaY have been estimated. The dependence between the frequency υ8a (1580–1630 cm−1) and the adsorption heat is shown to take place only for centers formed by cations of the same metal.AbstractС помощью высокотемпературной ИР спектроскопии оценены изостерические теплоты адсорбции пиридина на апротонных центрх окиси алюминия, окиси цир-кония и цеолита HNaY. Показано, что зависимость между частотой υ8a (1580–1630 cm−1) и теплотой адсорбции имеет место только для центров, образо-ванных касионами одного металла.
Effect of ferrite layer thickness on the magnetic properties of SnO2/Cu-Zn ferrite multilayer

Multilayers of SnO2/Cu-Zn ferrite were deposited using rf-sputtering. The resonance field and the interlayer coupling decrease with increasing CZF layer thickness. The saturation magnetization initially increases and then saturates with increasing CZF layer thickness. The dead layer thickness and the bulk magnetization values estimated using dead layer model are 8 nm and 56 emu/cc respectively.
A Business Case Method for IT Investments in Danish Municipalities

Effective management of information technology (IT) investments is increasingly important for Danish municipalities. This is why they along with other both public and private sector organizations increasingly are using IT business cases. The business case is a document specifying the main rationale behind the expected value and cost of an IT investment for the adopting organization. However, experiences from Danish municipalities reveal difficulties in developing effective IT business cases for purposes beyond simple cost savings. Based on collaborative action research with Danish municipalities, we present insights on the challenges in contemporary IT business case practices. We applied these insights in conjunction with contemporary literature on business cases to develop a business case method for Danish municipalities. Based on the municipalities’ evaluation of the method we summarize its key contributions to IT business case practice in local government organizations.
Software Engineering Education, Training, and Research: The Legacy of Nancy Mead

The contributions of Nancy R. Mead have greatly shaped what software engineering education and training (SWEET) is today. This paper contains three tributes to Dr. Mead, each focusing on a different aspect of her legacy. The first tribute provides an overall view of her work in the SWEET field. The second essay describes her research contributions in SWEET. The final section discusses her role in the development of this conference and the challenges of building upon the solid foundations that Nancy Mead has provided the field.
La défense de l’identité provençaie dans I’oeuvre de Frédéric Mistral ( premieré partie )

The Provencale poet Frederic Mistral (1830-1914) is remembered for his attempt at revitalizing the Proven?al language. He was one of the main founders of the literary academy named Felibrige, and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1904. Although his poetical works have been extensively studied, the political inspiration which pervades a great part of his writings has not so far received the attention it deserves. This article, the first part of which appeared in the previous issue of Literator (vol. 8, no. 3), shows how profoundly Mistral was influenced by the ideal of independence and liberty which was a distinctive feature of the European XIXth century, and how his patriotic enthusiasm is reflected in his poetry.
Homofobins geopolitik: En studie av rysk mediebevakning av förbudet mot ”homosexuell propaganda”

In Russia, as in some other countries around the world, we are currently witnessing a wave of politically sanctioned homophobia, most concretely manifested in the 2013 law against “homosexual propaganda”. By examining Russian mainstream media reporting, this article aims to reconstruct a dominant narrative on homosexuality and LGBT rights. It is found that this narrative revolves around three tropes: 1) that non‐heterosexuals are a threat to the nation, 2) that LGBT rights are about imposing the minority s norms onto the majority; and 3) that LGBT rights is bound up with Western modernity, to which Russia offers an alternative. Discussing the findings in light of theories on nationalism, gender and sexuality, I argue that homophobia in Russia must be understood in a global geopolitical perspective: as an attempt to negotiate a meaningful international role for Russia in a world order where LGBT rights have become a symbolic marker of Western modernity.
Problem of cosmological singularity and inflationary cosmology

Problem of cosmological singularity of general relativity theory is discussed. The possible resolution of this problem in the framework of inflationary cosmology is proposed. Physical conditions leading to bouncing inflationary solutions in the frame of general relativity theory and gauge theories of gravitation are compared. It is shown that gauge theories of gravitation allow to build regular inflationary cosmological models of closed, open and flat type with dominating ultrarelativistic matter at a bounce.
Hypergeorgism: When is Rent Taxation as a Remedy for Insufficient Capital Accumulation Socially Optimal?

Imperfect altruism between generations may lead to insufficient capital accumulation. We study the welfare consequences of taxing the rent on a fixed production factor, such as land, in this setting. We prove that taxing the rent is welfare-enhancing as it increases capital investment. This holds for any tax level and any recycling of the tax revenues except for combinations of high taxes and strongly redistributive recycling. Specific forms of redistribution of the land rent tax - a capital subsidy or a transfer directed at fundless newborns – allow to reproduce the social optimum under parameter restrictions valid for most economies.
Jung, del Psicoanálisis a la Psicología Analítica

In this work we analyze the first disagreements between Jung and Freud and the causes that led to the rupture. We will study the first academic disagreements, especially in the early Jung’s works related to libido and sexuality that would lead to the future development of the Analytical Psychology. On a personal level, we will focus on the approach supported by the Swiss physician regarding the elements rejected by the classic psychoanalysis thesis, especially in his analysis on the paranormal phenomena, the alchemical studies and the interpretation of mandalas from a psychological paradigm.
Political Bias and War

We examine how countries' incentives to go to war depend on the "political bias" of their pivotal decision makers. This bias is measured by a decision maker’s risk/ reward ratio from a war compared to that of the country at large. If there is no political bias, then there are mutually acceptable transfers from one country to the other that will avoid a war in the presence of commitment or enforceability of peace treaties. There are cases with a strong enough bias on the part of one or both countries where war cannot be prevented by any transfer payments. Our results shed some new light on the uneven contender paradox and the interpretation of the "democratic peace." We examine countries' choices of the bias of their leaders and show that when transfers are possible, at least one country will choose a biased leader, as that leads to a strong bargaining position and extraction of transfers.
Emotional relief for parents: Is rational-emotive parent education effective?

The effects of a rational-emotive parent education program were studied on forty-eight parents from a nonclinical population using a pre-test, post-test control group design. The RET parenting program included four components: a) reducing emotional stress through disputing irrational beliefs, b) implementing rational discipline methods, c) rational problem solving skills and d) fostering rational thinking traits in their child. Four dependent variables were studied: parent irrationality, parent emotionality, parent perceptions of child problems and the perception of participants' parenting by their spouses. Results showed that for experimental group subjects there was a statistically significant reduction in parent irrationality, parent guilt and parent anger. An exploratory ten month follow-up suggested maintenance of effects, a reduction in perceived child behavior problems, and changes in parental irrational beliefs regarding self worth.
I. Eros and the Female in Greek Political Thought: An Interpretation of Plato's Symposium

They do not understand that being brought apart is carried back together with itself; it is a back-stretching harmony as of the bow and the lyre.Herakleitus, Frag. 51“Tell me, you, the heir of the argument,” I said, “what was it Simonides said about justice that you assert he said correctly?”“That it is just to give to each what is owed,” he said. “In saying this he said a fine thing, at least in my opinion.”Plato, Republic 331e(Bloom translation)
Marketing financial services to all levels of affluence

This study examines efforts being made by commercial banks to satisfy their obligations under the Community Reinvestment Act while at the same time responding to changes in their economic and competitive environments. Banks are being directly and indirectly mandated by outside forces to find ways to serve all segments of their markets. What one could consider the banks' choices or prerogatives, such as served markets, selection and pursuit of desired market niches, differentiation strategies, and positioning alternatives, are all being affected by outside regulatory forces. In an effort to identify the marketing-related factors that differentiate the two groups, this study compares the policies and characteristics of those institutions that are satisfying their regulatory obligations to those institutions that are not satisfying their obligations.
With tailored separate half Heusler / Heusler Alloy

The inorganic metal compound, wherein the compound of formula each unit comprising at least two elements and the phase composed of at least 2, wherein the at least one phase of a semiconductor or semi-metal, the at least two mutually immiscible phases are thermodynamically stable and of. The present invention allows to reduce the half-Heusler alloy thermal conductivity, and thermal stress while maintaining electrical conductivity.
Effect of Methyl, Hydroxyl, and Chloro Substituents in Position 3 of 3',4',7-Trihydroxyflavylium: Stability, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics.

The effect of methyl, hydroxyl, and chloride substituents in position 3 of the 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavylium core structure was studied. The stability, relative energy of each of chemical species (thermodynamics), and their rates of interconversion (kinetics) are very dependent on these substituents. By comparing the mole fraction distribution at equilibrium of the three multistate systems with the parent 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavylium, introduction of a methyl substituent in position 3 increases the mole fraction of hemiketal at the expense of the trans-chalcone and increases the hydration rate very significantly; a hydroxyl substituent in position 3 gives rise to a degradation process, as observed in anthocyanidins. In the case of 3-chloro-3',4',7-trihydroxyflavylium, a dramatic increase of the flavylium cation acidity was observed and a photochromic system can be operated upon irradiation of the respective trans-chalcone in 1 m HCl. According to the photochromic response of 3,3',4',7-tetrahydroxyflavylium and 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavylium, some requirements for a good photochromic performance are discussed.
Do labour market institutions matter? Micro-level wage effects of international outsourcing in three European countries

This paper studies the impact of outsourcing on individual wages in three European countries with markedly different labour market institutions: Germany, the UK and Denmark. To do so we use individual-level data sets for the three countries and construct comparable measures of outsourcing at the industry level, distinguishing outsourcing by broad region. We discuss some possible intuitive reasons for why there may be differences in the impact of outsourcing across the three countries, based on labour market institutions.
The role of occupational pension funds in Mauritius

Mauritius belongs to a select group of developing countries where contractual savings-savings with insurance companies and pension funds-exceed 40 percent of GDP and represent a major potential force in the local financial system. Pension funds account for 75 percent of contractual savings. Contractual savings institutions invest in government securities, housing loans, corporate securities, real estate and bank deposits. They currently hold 35 percent of government securities and also account for 36 percent of total outstanding housing loans.Given their strong demand for long-duration assets, they can stimulate the issue of long-term government bonds (both inflation-linked and zero-coupon) and the development of corporate debentures, mortgage bonds, and mortgage-backed securities.Mauritius has a balanced and well-managed multipillar pension system. In addition to several public components, such as the Basic Retirement Pension, the National Pensions Fund (NPF), the National Savings Fund, and the Civil Service Pension Scheme, there are over 1,000 funded occupational pension schemes that play an increasingly important part in the whole system. The funded schemes are divided into two main groups-those insured and/or administered by insurance companies, and those that are self-administered and are registered with the Registrar of Associations. Coverage of the funded schemes is estimated at about 10 percent of the labor force. Together with the unfunded civil service scheme, occupational pension schemes cover about 100,000 employees or 20 percent of the labor force. All types of pension funds, including the public ones, report low operating costs. This reflects the absence of marketing and selling costs and, in the case of large private pension funds, the assumption of some costs by sponsoring employers. The investment performance of the self-administered funds was less than fully satisfactory in the late 1990s, reflecting poor returns on the local and foreign equity markets. Funds insured or administered by insurance companies as well the NPF performed better during this period because of their heavier allocations in government securities and housing loans. However, over a longer period, the private pension funds probably outperformed the NPF. The regulatory framework, though fragmented, is not unreasonable. It has many important provisions, such as observance of internationally acceptable accounting and actuarial standards and minimum vesting and portability rules, and it does not impose prescribed limits on investments. However, consolidation and modernization of the regulatory framework is required, while supervision, which is currently nonexistent, needs to be developed and to be proactive.
How to Time the Commodity Market

Over the past few years, commodity prices have experienced the biggest boom in half a century. In this paper we investigate whether it is possible by active asset management to take advantage of the unique risk-return characteristics of commodities, while avoiding their excessive volatility. We show that observing (and learning from) the actions of different groups of market participants enables an active asset manager to successfully 'time' the commodities market. We focus on the information contained in the Commitment of Traders report, published by the CFTC. This report summarizes the size and direction of the positions taken by different types of traders in different markets. Our findings indicate that there is indeed significant informational content in this report, which can be exploited by an active portfolio manager. Our dynamically managed strategies exhibit superior out-of-sample performance, achieving Sharpe ratios in excess of 1.0 and annualized alphas relative to the S&P 500 of around 15%.
Life cycle welfare: evidence and conjecture

At a point in time subjective well-being is positively related to income; over the life course subjective well-being is constant despite substantial growth in income. This paradox is explained by new evidence on consumption aspirations. At a point in time aspirations vary fairly little by income level; over the life cycle, aspirations increase about in proportion to income. These shifts in aspirations also affect assessments of past and future well-being in such a way that the choices underlying behavior (based on what psychologists call “decision utility”) turn out not to have their expected welfare effects (experienced utility). Of the two influences shaping consumption aspirations – comparisons with others and with one’s past experience – the former appears more salient early in the life cycle and the latter, later on.
Do bosons obey BoseEinstein distribution: Two iterated limits of Gentile distribution

It is a common impression that by only setting the maximum occupation number to infinity, which is the demand of the indistinguishability of bosons, one can achieve the statistical distribution that bosons obey — the Bose–Einstein distribution. In this Letter, however, we show that only with an infinite maximum occupation number one cannot uniquely achieve the Bose–Einstein distribution, since in the derivation of the Bose–Einstein distribution, the problem of iterated limit is encountered. For achieving the Bose–Einstein distribution, one needs to take both the maximum occupation number and the total number of particles to infinities, and, then, the problem of the order of taking limits arises. Different orders of the limit operations will lead to different statistical distributions. For achieving the Bose–Einstein distribution, besides setting the maximum occupation number, we also need to state the order of the limit operations.
Will the Migration of United States Factories Abroad Hurt Us

THE MAJORITY OF ECONOMISTS undoubtedly favor free trade in spite of the adverse balance of payments in recent years and the outflow of gold. Apparently we have not been altogether successful in winning the public, or even successive generations of students, to our views. Now a new aspect of the foreign competition problem has become important: United States corporations are opening factories abroad, partly for supplying goods to our home market. While this has been going on for a long time, it is being eyed by many with increasing uneasiness. The malevolent corporation seems somehow to be betraying American interests when it expands abroad. Demands are heard for higher tariffs, lower wages, and reduced social legislation and fringe benefits. Does the defense of free trade also justify the migration of capital in the form of "runaway" factories? We shall examine this aspect of the international trade problem and its impact on our level of employment, assuming three conditions: (1) Exchange rates are deliberately kept stable as much as possible. (2) We are concerned with the nation's interests rather than with local or international
The International Trade as the Sole Engine of Growth for an Economy

Can international trade act as the sole engine of growth for an economy? If yes, what are the mechanisms through which trade operates in transmitting permanent growth? This paper answers these questions with two simple two-country models, in which only one country enjoys sustained growth in autarky. The models differ in the assumptions on technical change, which is either labour- or capital-augmenting. In both cases, the stagnant economy imports growth by trading. In the first model, growth is transmitted because of permanent increases in the trade volume. In the alternative framework, the stagnant economy imports sustained growth because its terms of trade permanently improve.
The Context of Eco‐theology

The phrase "I'm a tree-hugging Jesus freak," a self-description uttered recently by a Pentecostal environmentalist, demonstrates the complexity of contemporary eco-theology and religious ecological activism. For the past two decades or more, the combination of these two identities seemed unthinkable, for Christians were still struggling to articulate a response, much less a response that would appeal to Pentecostals, usually viewed as un-ecological. This chapter examines many of the historical and more contemporary contexts that shape what is now a rich eco-theological conversation. Although the chapter tries to give a broad international sense of the movement, it draws heavily upon the US context where a diverse and multi-faceted conversation about eco-theology has been going on for over three decades. Furthermore, while there are now ecological voices within all the major religious traditions, this chapter will primarily focus on Christianity as the context of eco-theology. While there are many historical precedents that one could acknowledge leading into the contemporary environmental movement, such as Aldo Leopold's Sand Country Almanac (1949), most scholars agree it began in the 1960s, marked by a variety of publications that brought attention to the issues at hand. In fact, many historians of the movement date the birth of the modern environmental movement to Rachel Carson's 1962 paradigm-changing book Silent Spring, which detailed the damage wrought by pesticides throughout the ecological web. Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons" (1968), a doomsday scenario about population growth, was published toward the end of the decade. Taken together, these two works exemplify the dominant concerns of the early movement-pesticides, pollution, and population. Also in the late sixties, Lynn White's infamous article "The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis" appeared in Science (White 19 6 7), in which White concluded that "Christianity bears a huge burden of guilt for the ecologic crisis." Certainly there were plenty more forces in the sixties that shaped the environmental movement, and to this we will return, but ideas alone do not produce social movements. It was in the sixties, however, that widespread activist and scholarly concern coalesced, and the response from Christian thinkers started to