nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical vapour deposition of PyC–SixCy–SiC–Si3N4 multilayer with graded C…SiC transition

A multilayer protective coating of C/C-SiC composites is proposed and realised by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). It consists of a pyrocarbon layer for bonding and smoothing the substrate surface, and a controlled graded Si x C y transition coating for a stoichiometric SiC layer. Si 3 N 4 and Al 2 O 3 topmost layers provide oxidation and corrosion protective properties. This complete layer stacks put in a single growth process into a horizontal ‘Cold Wall’ reactor chamber equipped with high frequency (HF)—heating under atmospheric and at low pressure. Microstructure, chemical composition, and morphology of the layers are investigated by SEM, EDX, EPMA, ESCA, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The line-scan electron-probe microanalysis and Raman spectroscopy on the cross sectional layering of the samples shows the distribution of the various elements and their composition according to the controlled deposition process. ESCA measurements identify the formation of Si 3 N 4 .
Transparency and Corporate Governance

An objective of many proposed corporate governance reforms is increased transparency. This goal has been relatively uncontroversial, as most observers believe increased transparency to be unambiguously good. We argue that, from a corporate governance perspective, there are likely to be both costs and benefits to increased transparency, leading to an optimum level beyond which increasing transparency lowers profits. This result holds even when there is no direct cost of increasing transparency and no issue of revealing information to regulators or product-market rivals. We show that reforms that seek to increase transparency can reduce firm profits, raise executive compensation, and inefficiently increase the rate of CEO turnover. We further consider the possibility that executives will take actions to distort information. We show that executives could have incentives, due to career concerns, to increase transparency and that increases in penalties for distorting information can be profit reducing.
Marx's Concept of Man

Preface Part I: Marx's Concept of Man, Erich Fromm 1. The Falsification of Marx's Concepts 2. Marx's Historical Materialism 3. The Problem of Consciousness, Social Structure and the Use of Force 4. The Nature of Man 5. Alienation 6. Marx's Concept of Socialism 7. The Continuity in Marx's Thought 8. Marx, The Man Part II: Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, Karl Marx Translator's Note Preface First Manuscript: Alienated Labour Second Manuscript: The Relationship of Private Property Third Manuscript: Private Property and Labour Private Property and Communism Needs, Production and Division of Labour Money Critique of Hegel's Dialectic and General Philosophy From German Ideology Preface to a Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy Introduction to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law. Critique of Religion Reminiscences of Marx, Paul Lafargue Jenny Marx to Joseph Weydemeyer Karl Marx, Eleanor Marx-Aveling Confession, Karl Marx Karl Marx's Funeral, Frederick Engels Afterword, Erich Fromm
Electrical Initiation of Solidification and Preservation of Supercooled State for Sodium Acetate Trihydrate

Electrical initiation of solidification from supercooled state and preservation of supercooled state of sodium acetate trihydrate solution, which is considered as a promising thermal energy storage material, are experimentally investigated with varying the configuration of electrodes and confirmed that the initiation of solidification and preservation of supercooled state are both possible by using the electric field. Further, effect of crystal growth direction on crystal growth rate is also investigated by using the newly developed electrical nucleation method. The result shows that the crystal growth rate, which growth direction is bottom to top, is slightly decreased compared with the direction of top to bottom at certain supercooling temperature range.
Foundations of Modern Query Languages for Graph Databases

We survey foundational features underlying modern graph query languages. We first discuss two popular graph data models: edge-labelled graphs, where nodes are connected by directed, labelled edges, and property graphs, where nodes and edges can further have attributes. Next we discuss the two most fundamental graph querying functionalities: graph patterns and navigational expressions. We start with graph patterns, in which a graph-structured query is matched against the data. Thereafter, we discuss navigational expressions, in which patterns can be matched recursively against the graph to navigate paths of arbitrary length; we give an overview of what kinds of expressions have been proposed and how they can be combined with graph patterns. We also discuss several semantics under which queries using the previous features can be evaluated, what effects the selection of features and semantics has on complexity, and offer examples of such features in three modern languages that are used to query graphs: SPARQL, Cypher, and Gremlin. We conclude by discussing the importance of formalisation for graph query languages; a summary of what is known about SPARQL, Cypher, and Gremlin in terms of expressivity and complexity; and an outline of possible future directions for the area.
Photon Energy Spectrum in B → Xs + γ and comparison with Data

A comparison of the inclusive photon energy spectrum in the radiative decay B → X S + γ , measured recently by the CLEO Collaboration, with the standard model is presented, using a B -meson wave function model and improving earlier perturbative QCD-based computations of the same. The dependence of the photon energy spectrum on the non-perturbative model parameters, p F , the b -quark Fermi momentum in the B hadron, and m q , the spectator quark mass, is explicitly shown, allowing a comparison of these parameters with the ones obtained from the analysis of the lepton energy spectrum in semileptonic B decays. Taking into account present uncertainties, we estimate BR( B → X s + γ ) = (2.55 ± 1.28) × 10 −4 in the standard model, assuming |V ts | |V cb | = 1.0 . Comparing this with the CLEO measurement BR( B → X s + γ ) = (2.32±0.67) × 10 −4 implies |V ts | |V cb | = 1.1 ± 0.43 , in agreement with the CKM unitarity.
DASAR EPISTEMOLOGI ILMU KOGNITIF DALAMTINJAUAN PEMIKIRAN TIGA DUNIA KARL RAIMUNDPOPPER

The title of this tesis is "The Epistemology Background Of Cognitive
Science In Perspective Of Karl Raimund Popper's Three World". The thought of
Three World is the one of the most important work from Karl R. Popper, because
The Three World is ontological, and also epistemological basis of Karl R Popper's
philosophy.  The aims of this research is
to: (1) describe the definition and the main problems of cognitive science, (2) find
epistemology background in cognitive science.
This research is a library researched using several methods, 
Interpretation - to understand the contents of data which been found in Karl R.
Popper's Three World
El autoritario en el discurso pedagógico y la inclusión del heterogéneo

Resumo Pretendemos provocar um giro no discurso pedagogico e no discurso da inclusao ao efetuarmos uma leitura sobre o que concebemos como heterogeneo, apoiadas em uma revisao de literatura efetuada com base na analise de discurso de matriz francesa, especificamente na tipologia discursiva de Orlandi e de contribuicoes provenientes da psicanalise freudiana e lacaniana. O metodo empregado nesta revisao de literatura e pautado na teoria e analise discursiva, a qual expoe sentidos legitimados a opacidade. E, para efetuarmos essa leitura/ interpretacao, ancoramo-nos em alguns recortes literarios e em uma capa de uma revista de cunho pedagogico para compormos a discussao sobre o discurso pedagogico e sua tendencia ao autoritario. Propomos, por meio do discurso ludico e polemico, a possibilidade de uma inclusao que leve em conta o sujeito, que chamamos de heterogeneo, em contraponto a homogeneidade instalada nos moldes escolares. Palavras-chave: Sujeito. Discurso pedagogico. Inclusao escolar.
Early Jurassic A-Type Granites in Southeast China: Shallow Dehydration Melting of Early Paleozoic Granitoids by Basaltic Magma Intraplating

AbstractA-type granites are widespread in most orogenic belts, and their petrogenesis has played an important role in reconstructing orogenic events. However, their sources, even today, are a subject of considerable controversy. At least four models have been proposed for their formation, namely, melting of a previously melted source, fractionation of basaltic magma, anatexis of crustal igneous sources, and magma mixing. Here we present Early Jurassic A-type granites in southeast (SE) China as an example of a shallow (ca. 15–20-km depth), igneous, crust-derived A-type granite. We present detailed laser ablation ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and major- and trace-element and Sr-Nd isotopic data for these granites and assess their origin and relationship to the geodynamics of the late Mesozoic extensive magmatism in SE China. The associated granites include the Zhaibei, Keshubei, Zhulanbu, and Guangze plutons, which were emplaced during the interval 191–188 Ma and occur in a northeast-trending belt, parallel to ...
Fuzzy Logic and Probability

In this paper we deal with a new approach to probabilistic reasoning in a logical framework. Nearly almost all logics of probability that have been proposed in the literature are based on classical two-valued logic. After making clear the differences between fuzzy logic and probability theory, here we propose a {em fuzzy} logic of probability for which completeness results (in a probabilistic sense) are provided. The main idea behind this approach is that probability values of crisp propositions can be understood as truth-values of some suitable fuzzy propositions associated to the crisp ones. Moreover, suggestions and examples of how to extend the formalism to cope with conditional probabilities and with other uncertainty formalisms are also provided.
Comments on "Measuring the Gravity Speed by VLBI"

Einstein gravity with extra dimensions or alternative gravity theories might suggest that the gravity propagation speed can be different from the light speed. Such a difference may play a vital role in the primordial universe. In recent, Kopeikin and Fomalont claimed the first measurement of the gravity speed by VLBI. However, the measurement has no relevance with the speed of gravity as I had shown before the observation was done. It seems that our conclusion has been established well by re-examining recent papers with great care.
Role of Innovation in the Development of ICT Software Enterprises in Palestine

The ICT 
sector in Palestine is growing in quantity and scope of works endorsed by the 
governmental institutions. ICT enterprises working on software development 
related works have started two decades ago. Some of these enterprises have 
scored success on national and regional levels. The ICT software development 
enterprises are so much important in the national innovation system as they are 
not only delivering goods but providing diversity of services and tools used in the 
process of knowledge generation and implementation and the 
knowledge-based-economy. In an effort of assessing the innovation levels in the 
Palestinian software development enterprises, the community innovation survey 
questionnaire has been translated, tailored and used on a representative 
sample. Analysis of the innovation survey questionnaire brings promising results that need to be 
carefully studied. It is 
found that most enterprises are innovators and having high potentials. However, potentials are found to 
be fragmented as national directive policies are not yet developed. For the 
development of the sector, public-private-academic partnership is needed.
CASAP: A Testbed for Program Flexibility

CASAP at tempts to c rea te a more f l e x i b l e knowledge-based system fo r per forming a c t i o n s . It Is based on the combinat ion of a procedural r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of a c t i o n s , and an In fo rmat ion r e t r i e v a l subsystem used to dynamical ly ob ta i n a l l I n f o rma t i on requ i red to perform an a c t i o n . It Is argued t ha t such a combinat ion eases the s p e c i f i c a t i o n of new ac t i ons and increases t h e i r a b i l i t y to o b t a i n , from a wide v a r i e t y of poss ib le env i ronments, the In fo rmat ion they r e q u i r e .
Super PACs and strong relationships: The impact of digital interaction on the political organization–public relationship

Contributing to the development of digital political public relations scholarship, this study examines the political organization–public relationship cultivated via social media. Using Twitter as a vehicle, this posttest-only experimental design looked at whether interaction with a political organization facilitated a relationship. Furthermore, the study examined whether that relationship might manifest into political support. Results indicate active engagement (tweeting at an organization), even for a short term, increases the sense that there is a real conversational exchange, enhancing the organization–public relationship. Internal political disposition such as political cynicism, political information efficacy, or strength of ideology in some cases can help predict organization–public relationship.
Solid-state characterization of CdTe:Sn as a medium for adaptive interferometry

Two-wave mixing adaptive interferometer based on photorefractive crystal allows for compensation of temporal disturbances in ambient environment and operation with speckled beams. The crystal should exhibit large effective trap density, low dark conductivity and large photoconductivity. Deliberately doped semiconductor may meet these requirements. In the present work the photorefractive, spectroscopic and magneto-optical study of CdTe:Sn is performed aiming to estimate these characteristics and to describe the space-charge formation. The photon energies for optical ionization/neutralization of the tin ions are estimated. The crystal is characterized as a medium for two-wave mixing adaptive interferometer with excellent performance.
The Lifetime of $B_c$ meson and some relevant problems

The lifetime of the B_c-meson is estimated with consistent considerations on all of the heavy mesons ($B^0, B^\pm, B_s, D^0, D^\pm D_s$) and the double heavy meson B_c. In the estimate, the framework, where the non-spectator effects for nonleptonic decays are taken into account properly, is adopted, and the parameters needed to be fixed are treated carefully and determined by fitting the available data. The bound-state effects in it are also considered. We find that in decays of the meson B_c, the QCD correction terms of the penguin diagrams and the main component terms c_1O_1, c_2O_2 of the effective interaction Lagrangian have direct interference that causes an enhancement about 3 ~ 4% in the total width of the B_c meson.
Structure and electrophysical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/magnetite nanocomposites:

In the present study, the effect of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles on the structural and dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix was investigated. Distribution of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix has been studied by scanning electron microscopy (JEOL JSM-7600 F). The structure of the nanocomposite samples was investigated by the X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that the dielectric permittivity of PVDF + Fe3O4 nanocomposite samples was gradually increased up to 7 wt% of Fe3O4 content. Further increase in the concentration of the filler leads to decrease in the dielectric permittivity. The subsequent decrease in dielectric permittivity at higher Fe3O4 content can be explained by the increase in defects in the structure of the nanocomposite. The comparison of experimental data and the results of theoretical calculations show that the reduction in the empirical value of dielectric permittivity of the nanocomposite is obviously linke...
脉冲激光沉积法制备SrMnO3薄膜 SrMnO3 Film Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition

本文在采用固相反应法的基础上使用两步法制备出了较高纯度单相多晶SrMnO3靶材，并利用脉冲激光沉积法在SrTiO3(001)衬底上使用不同的实验条件尝试制备SrMnO3薄膜。结果表明在较高的衬底温度(≥700℃)和适当的氧压(5 Pa左右)条件下能够生长出结晶性较好的SrMnO3薄膜。本文通过X射线衍射和同步辐射X射线衍射手段确定了SrMnO3薄膜在SrTiO3(001)衬底上的外延生长，其取向关系为SrMnO3(001)//SrTiO3(001)。X射线光电子能谱分析显示薄膜中的Mn元素存在+3价和+4价两种价态，其中大部分为+4价，占所有Mn元素的90%左右。Mn元素+3的价态存在的原因可能是薄膜生长过程中的缺陷以及薄膜中氧空位的存在。薄膜中氧元素的XPS图谱表明氧元素主要以晶格氧的形式存在。XPS图谱中氧元素另一个峰有可能是由于缺陷、吸附氧或氧空位的存在引起的。SrMnO3单相薄膜的制备和测试为对其进一步研究奠定了基础。 Two-step method through solid state reaction is used to synthesize high purity single phase po-lycrystalline SrMnO3 target. Then we use Pulsed Laser Deposition to grow SrMnO3 films on SrTiO3(001) substrates, we have tried different temperatures of substrate and different oxygen pressures during our experiment. Results show that with deposition temperature above 700 de-gree and oxygen pressure around 5 Pa, SrMnO3 film will grow with good crystallinity. X-Ray dif-fraction and synchrotron radiation X-Ray diffraction are measured here to identify the crystal structure. Epitaxy between film and substrate is confirmed and the orientation between film and substrate is SrMnO3(001)//SrTiO3(001), also phi scan shows that at in plane there is no rotation between film and substrate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of Mn element reveal that in the film Mn have +3 and +4 two valence states, about 90 percentage of all the Mn are +4 valence. We speculate that the +3 valence state of Mn comes from defects in film or oxygen vacancy in it. Also XPS of O element is measured, spectroscopy shows that most of O element in film exist as lattice oxygen, another peak in spectroscopy may attribute to defect, absorbed oxygen or oxygen vacancy. Growth of SrMnO3 film establishes foundation for further study of SrMnO3.
E-recruiting support system based on text mining methods

Since web documents have different formats and contents; it is necessary for various documents to use standards to normalise their modelling in order to facilitate retrieval task. The model must take into consideration, both the syntactic structure, and the semantic content of the documents. Curriculum vitae (CV) is the document that summaries our education, skills, accomplishments, and experience. Job seekers submit their CV via the web. Therefore, in their recruitment process, companies are requiring systems for extraction and analysis of information from CVs: identifying specific patterns, which meet with certain profile. To extract the essential component of CVs and to relate them with user’s require, needs first, a study of their most significant elements and a better understanding of the CV feature. This work focuses on CVs’ analysis. It introduces an approach for analysing and structuring CVs which are in French. To this end, we make an extension of General Architecture of Text Engineering (GATE). The extension affects essentially a formulation of logic rules for the generation of annotations used for CV handling. The goal is to normalise the CV content according to the structure adopted by Europass CV. This action is guided by the HR-XML standard. We experiment the proposed process and we showed that there is an improvement in the extraction phase.
A Technician's Dream? The Critical Reception of 3-D Films in Britain

Recent debates about the role of 3-D within cinema (and other media) have contained the traces of a largely anti-stereoscopic agenda that can be traced back to critical responses to 3-D in the 1950s. This article considers how British film reviews from the 1950s and 1980s established potent terms of discussion around the 3-D technology, its potential aesthetic development, and the role of stereoscopy within cinema. Exploring the parameters that the original reviewers set in place concerning the 3-D aesthetic, notably claims around realism, novelty, and gimmickry, the article argues that the language and terms of 1950s British film reviewers have worked to set an agenda that resonates through both the 1980s 3-D revival and modern day digital 3-D.
The bubble expansion rate of each period of China's fictitious economy development

Over-development of fictitious economy may produce bubble capital and bubble burst can induce financial crisis. The Granger cause of the representative variable of real economy to the variables of fictitious economy in China is tested and the bubble expansion rate of each period of China's fictitious economy is calculated by the quarterly data from the second quarter of 1998 to the forth quarter of 2009. The results show that there is either unilateral or bidirectional Granger cause among the variables; China's fictitious economy has a low bubble expansion rate from 2008 to 2009; and the expansion rate of the financial market and the futures market increased quickly since 2008. The national sectors of China should take proper measures to promote healthy development of the fictitious economy and improve balanced development of the fictitious economy and real economy.
시교육과 정전의 문제

Korean modern poetry has been educated centering around the poetic canons. They are composed based on lyricism, nationalism, elitism and anticommunism. They are reinforced by poetry education also. Nowadays, studies on poetry education has succeeded in criticizing and deconstructing poetic canons, but failed to compose a new meaningful canons. Actually, studies on poetic canons and poetry education are political affairs, but there are no meta-analysises about the necessity and sphere of them. I tried some meta-analysises about poetic canons and poetry education in this paper. I classified problems of studies on poetic canons and poetry education to five topics. First, they failed to distinguish educational canon from literary canon. Second, they did not receive the reality that poetry education centered around poetic canons failed these days. Third, they did not consider any readers and students in composing poetic canons for long times. Firth, they misunderstood the nature of national curriculum and textbooks in official education. Lastly, they exaggerated the value of alternative canons and concealed the political nature of studies on canon. I presented three fundamental rules to improve poetry education centered around poetic canons in this paper. First, it needs to slice the concepts of canon by goals and scopes of poetry education. We can teach poetic canons through struggles between diverse concepts of canon. Second, we have to add the concept of 'canonical literacy' to poetic ability as a substance of poetry education. Lastly, it will be more efficient to teach poetic canons by four steps - extensive reading of canons, inquiry into the origin and diversity of many potential canons, composing meta-cognition of poetic canons, and composing a new meaningful personal canon. Some problems remain to be solved to improve poetry education - like as to distinct concept of canonicity, the grounds of studies on poetic canons in modern Korean poetry education, and methods of use results of studies on canon.
And the Rest Is Sigetik : Silencing Logic and Dialectic in Heidegger's Beiträge zur Philosophie

Faced with the impossibility of saying Being directly given that all language is language of beings, Heidegger proposes an overcoming of logic in favor of what he calls Sigetik: a way of addressing Being in and through silence, i.e., without asserting anything of Being. After considering what such a Sigetik actually involves and how it is possible, this paper asks why Heidegger rejects the alternative of that indirect saying of Being that he identifies with dialectic. It is then argued both that Heidegger's arguments against dialectic are not compelling and that the Beitrage itself, in mostly failing to achieve and sustain the Sigetik it prescribes, cannot fully escape some form of dialectic. Sigetik may prove a lure more threatening to philosophical questioning than the dialectic it seeks, unsuccessfully, to overcome.