nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
On Colour Photography in an Extra-Moral Sense

AbstractThis article looks closely at the critical and curatorial discourse concerning colour in the work of two contemporary photographers, David Goldblatt (Intersections, ‘In the time of AIDS’, South Africa, 1999–2005) and Richard Mosse (Infra, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2010–2011). Specifically, the article explores ideas regarding colour's moral and political effects and how they may – or may not – be changing in the contemporary moment, when documentary images are subject to heightened critical scrutiny. Readings of Goldblatt's and Mosse's images are framed by ideas drawn from political philosophy as well as from other critical and theoretical treatments of documentary photography, in an effort to pinpoint whether, and how, digital photography is changing the stakes of longstanding arguments over the relationship between aesthetics and politics.
Les Sud‐américains de Paris: Latin American Artists and Cultural Resistance in Robho Magazine

Edited in Paris between 1967 and 1971 by the art critic Jean Clay and the visual poet Julien Blaine, Robho magazine introduced an international view of art. The magazine aimed to shed light on institutional critique and cultural resistance to American‐style capitalist expansion. To this end Robho included a significant number of Latin American artists. With graphic design by Carlos Cruz‐Diez, many of the magazine’s central articles were devoted to Madi art, Jesus Rafael Soto, Julio Le Parc, Lygia Clark and the Argentine collective experience Tucuman Arde. If the aforementioned artists were neither political exiles nor guerrilla fighters it may be thought, though, that being Latin American carried particular connotations within the context of the crisis of French modernisation in the 1960s, related to the imaginary of the Third World. This article aims to analyse Robho magazine’s selection and interpretation of the work of Latin American artists during this period dominated by the events of May 19...
INSTITUTIONAL, EVOLUTIONARY AND CULTURAL ASPECTS IN MAX WEBER'S SOCIAL ECONOMICS

One of the keys to Max Weber's social economics is the evolution of institutional arrangements. In the first part, I show that Weber can be interpreted as an institutional economist. In the second part, I reconstruct the most important features of Max Weber's institutionalism, namely the interrelations between ideas, interests, institutions and social orders. In the third part, I demonstrate how Weber applied this institutionalist approach by looking at his economic explanation of the hampered economic development of China. Following Weber's concept, I finally make a few proposals as to how modern economic research could be enriched
Properties of Datasets Predict the Performance of Classifiers

This thesis is mostly about supervised visual recognition problems. Based on a general definition of categories, the contents are divided into two parts: one which models categories and one which is not category based. We are interested in data driven solutions for both kinds of problems.In the category-free part, we study novelty detection in temporal and spatial domains as a category-free recognition problem. Using data driven models, we demonstrate that based on a few reference exemplars, our methods are able to detect novelties in ego-motions of people, and changes in the static environments surrounding them.In the category level part, we study object recognition. We consider both object category classification and localization, and propose scalable data driven approaches for both problems. A mixture of parametric classifiers, initialized with a sophisticated clustering of the training data, is demonstrated to adapt to the data better than various baselines such as the same model initialized with less subtly designed procedures. A nonparametric large margin classifier is introduced and demonstrated to have a multitude of advantages in comparison to its competitors: better training and testing time costs, the ability to make use of indefinite/invariant and deformable similarity measures, and adaptive complexity are the main features of the proposed model.We also propose a rather realistic model of recognition problems, which quantifies the interplay between representations, classifiers, and recognition performances. Based on data-describing measures which are aggregates of pairwise similarities of the training data, our model characterizes and describes the distributions of training exemplars. The measures are shown to capture many aspects of the difficulty of categorization problems and correlate significantly to the observed recognition performances. Utilizing these measures, the model predicts the performance of particular classifiers on distributions similar to the training data. These predictions, when compared to the test performance of the classifiers on the test sets, are reasonably accurate.We discuss various aspects of visual recognition problems: what is the interplay between representations and classification tasks, how can different models better adapt to the training data, etc. We describe and analyze the aforementioned methods that are designed to tackle different visual recognition problems, but share one common characteristic: being data driven.
Adverse Outcomes after Major Surgery in Patients with Pressure Ulcer: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

Postoperative adverse outcomes in patients with pressure ulcer are not completely understood. This study evaluated the association between preoperative pressure ulcer and adverse events after major surgeries.



Using reimbursement claims from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study of 17391 patients with preoperative pressure ulcer receiving major surgery in 2008-2010. With a propensity score matching procedure, 17391 surgical patients without pressure ulcer were selected for comparison. Eight major surgical postoperative complications and 30-day postoperative mortality were evaluated among patients with pressure ulcer of varying severity.



Patients with preoperative pressure ulcer had significantly higher risk than controls for postoperative adverse outcomes, including septicemia, pneumonia, stroke, urinary tract infection, and acute renal failure. Surgical patients with pressure ulcer had approximately 1.83-fold risk (95% confidence interval 1.54-2.18) of 30-day postoperative mortality compared with control group. The most significant postoperative mortality was found in those with serious pressure ulcer, such as pressure ulcer with local infection, cellulitis, wound or treatment by change dressing, hospitalized care, debridement or antibiotics. Prolonged hospital or intensive care unit stay and increased medical expenditures were also associated with preoperative pressure ulcer.



This nationwide propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study showed increased postoperative complications and mortality in patients with preoperative pressure ulcer. Our findings suggest the urgency of preventing and managing preoperative pressure ulcer by a multidisciplinary medical team for this specific population.
An investigation into the automated assessment of the design-code interface

In this paper, we present an investigation into the development of a framework for the automatic grading (marking) of student submitted course work. We discuss this framework, its structure and its subsystems. Our framework has been developed in the context of the student submission consisting of two components: a design (using the UML methodology) and source code (using the Java programming language). The focus of our framework is upon the consistency between the student code and design. We discuss its context and development and highlight how we can infer structure from the student submission and use this to inform the assessment process. We describe the approach we are currently undertaking to instantiate this framework and apply it to work submitted for assessment by undergraduate computing students.
Karst hydrogeology and origin of thermal waters in the Codru Moma Mountains, Romania

Two karst areas within Permian and Triassic carbonate rocks of the Codru Moma Mountains in the northwestern part of Romania yield thermal waters. Major karst springs occur where groundwater flow is intercepted by hydraulic barriers, which also results in the movement of water from deeper levels. At Moneasa, thermal groundwater rises along faults and fractures associated with a thrust, and at Vascau Town, water rises along faults marginal to the Beius Basin. Geochemistry suggests that the thermal component of the Moneasa groundwaters is derived from dolomites and that at least a proportion of the Vascau thermal waters originates from deeply buried Permian sandstones.Résumé Deux régions karstiques développées dans les roches carbonatées du Permien et du Trias des Monts Codru Moma, dans le nord-ouest de la Roumanie, possèdent des sources thermales. Les principales sources karstiques apparaissent là où les écoulements souterrains recoupent des barrières hydrauliques, qui provoquent aussi la remontée d'eaux depuis des niveaux plus profonds. Á Moneasa, les eaux thermominérales remontent le long de failles et de fractures associées à un chevauchement; dans la ville de Vascau, l'eau émerge le long des failles de la marge du bassin de Beius. La géochimie laisse penser que la composante thermale des eaux souterraines de Moneasa provient des dolomies et qu'au moins une partie des eaux thermales de Vascau provient des grès permiens enfouis profondément.Resumen En las Montañas Codru Moma, al Noroeste de Rumanía, hay dos áreas kársticas desarrolladas en rocas carbonatadas del Pérmico y Triásico donde se obtienen aguas termales. Los manantiales kársticos más importantes se originan en los puntos de intersección del flujo subterráneo con barreras hidráulicas, hecho que facilita el desplazamiento del agua desde niveles inferiores. En Moneasa, las aguas subterráneas termales ascienden a través de fallas y fracturas asociadas a mantos de corrimiento (thrusts, por aplicación de cargas superficiales) y, en la ciudad de Vascau, a través de fallas marginales de la cuenca Beius. La geoquímica indica que la componente termal de las aguas subterráneas en Moneasa procede de dolomitas, mientras que al menos una parte de las aguas subterráneas en Vascau procede de areniscas muy profundas del Pérmico.
A Marxist accounting history of the British industrial revolution: a review of evidence and suggestions for research

An important debate neglected by accounting historians concerns the existence, origins and significance of the British Industrial Revolution (BIR). A key problem is explaining why Britain was such a technologically creative society. Part one uses accounting ideas to explain Marx's theory that industrial capitalism first appeared in Britain and was revolutionary because it took control of production to maximise the rate-of-return on capital employed. Part two shows that accumulating evidence of the use of modern management accounting by leading firms during the BIR supports Marx's view that it was a capitalist revolution in his sense. Part three argues that the accounting history of Boulton and Watt supports the hypothesis that the capitalist mentality and accounts drove revolutions in the technical and social relations of production during the BIR. Part four re-examines other well-known key sites for the study of accounting history and argues that these cases support the hypothesis that the primary cause of variations in accounting during the BIR was variations in the social relations of production. The paper makes suggestions for further research and concludes that, by thoroughly testing Marx's theory, accounting historians can make an important contribution to a major historical debate.
THE PALEOZOIC SEDIMENTS OF THE FERGANA BASIN: THEIR POTENTIAL FOR OIL AND GAS

The Paleozoic deposits of Central Asia, including the Fergana basin, are considered by most investigators to be basement rocks, strongly deformed and highly metamorphosed, and as such to offer no prospects for discovering significant deposits of oil or gas. However, up till now, the Paleozoic sediments of the Fergana basin, or for that matter of the whole of Central Asia, have not been studied specifically from the aspect of their possible petroleum content, although there are many positive examples in the area. The author has made an attempt to analyze the composition and the structural-textural features of these sediments in order to determine the reservoir properties of the rocks and the possible accumulation of hydrocarbons in them. Geochemical, lithological, petrographic, and geological data are described. The author asserts that the data point to the Karatau-Guzan-Korachatyr zone, a deep trough with thick Paleozoic clastic and carbonate sequences which contain organic matter, to a certain degree transformed into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, as the primary target for drilling to test the petroleum prospects of the Paleozoic sediments. 10 references, 1 figure.
Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy

The principle of self-government through political parties, the cornerstone of democracy, has come to be regarded as a solution to the problem of nationality. This is because the principle of nationality entails the acceptance of the idea of popular government. The importance of the principle of nationality is undeniable, and most of the national questions of Western Europe might be solved in accordance with this principle. Matters are complicated by geographical and strategical considerations, such as the difficulty of determining natural frontiers and the frequent need to establish strategic frontiers. Moreover, the principle of nationality cannot help us where nationalities barely exist or where they are entangled in inextricable confusion. The present work is a critical discussion of the problem of democracy. Michels believes that democracy, as an intellectual theory and as a practical movement, has entered upon a critical phase from which exit will be extremely difficult. In this book he analyzes the tendencies that oppose the realization of democracy, and claims that these tendencies can be classified in three ways: dependence upon the nature of the individual; dependence upon the nature of the political structure; and dependence upon the nature of organization. This edition, described by Morris Janowitz as a "classic of modern social science" and by Melvin Tumin as "the beginning of a tradition", offers a landmark study in political science. Following its original publication in 1910, the study and analysis of political parties was established as a new branch of science. "Political Parties" continues to be a foundation work in the literature and is a necessary addition to the libraries of contemporary political scientists, sociologists and historians.
Europe's Classical Balance of Power: A Case History of the Theory and Practice of One of the Great Concepts of European Statecraft

What was the origin of the idea of the balance of power? How did European leaders apply its principles in actual practice? Widespread as the term "balance of power" has been, and vital as its principles have been in European statecraft, nevertheless study of its theory and practice has often been neglected by historians. A more complete understanding of the concept is arrived at in Edward Vose Gulick's well-knit examination of the two questions posed above. Throughout the book, the events of history and the diplomatic struggle as played out by statesmen are related to balance-of-power theory as conceived by political scientists. Europe's Classical Balance of Power brings into the spotlight of scholarly attention an idea that has demonstrated great vitality in times gone by, that has worked behind the scenes in the conclaves of power, and that, under another name, has survived to influence twentieth-century diplomacy.
Contextualising innovation in construction firms in regional areas

Construction firms based in regional contexts face different challenges to their metropolitan counterparts in terms of access to markets and resources, scale of operations, and the nature of their competition. This potentially provides both business opportunities and challenges particularly in relation to innovation activities. A large scale research project investigating innovation processes in an Australian regional construction industry is being contemplated and a research mechanism has been piloted. Accordingly the case of a successful regional New South Wales smallmedium-sized enterprise's (SME) quest for sustainable competitive advantage is presented through the lens of a dynamic capabilities framework. It reveals four capabilities that deliver innovation, one of which is regional in flavour, indicating that a regional location need be no impediment to innovation and indeed may hold some advantages
PROJETO PILOTO SANTA FÉ: ORGANIZAÇÃO RURAL E EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA

The pilot project began in 1988 as a result of a request made by the community of Santa Fe to the Federal University of Goias, in order to collaborate with community development specially to assist the Association of Small Rural Producers, founded that year, as well as The Women’s Association in existence since 1979. The main objective of this extension project of the University, in partnership with the community, is the improvement of the quality of life of the population of Santa Fe de Goias. It is a region characterized by a high concentration of land ownership, by the increase of large land holdings and by the gradual disappearance of small land holdings. The university participates through the Department of Rural Economy - in various ways: making projects to raise money [CIMADE (A French ecumenical organization), FUNDEC, Banco do Brasil, the Government of the State of Goias and others]; organizing requested training courses; making trips to other communities in order to share experiences doing market research; seeking alternatives for the buying of input and selling of output; making budgets, rendering of accounts, writing letters, reports and evaluations, etc. What stands out here is our concern to never dictate the way but to show alternatives, discuss them with the associates and always follow their decision. It is an action of educational dialogue and not imposition.  Rural development; rural organization; university extension.
The real sociology of war: a reply to Roger

Roger Scruton's 'Notes on the sociology of war' (BJS, XXXVIII, 3, September 1987: 295-309) are an argument in principle against the discipline, rather than an argument against a sociology of war which actually exists. The only recent sociological work to which Scruton refers is polemic by Marsland,l which as Mann's review in the same issue of the BJS notes, itself refers to only one collection of substantive work (edited by the present writer).2 Since there is no reason to believe that Scruton has gone back even to Marsland's solitary source, this is a remarkably flimsy basis for a critique. And yet Scruton raises issues on which contemporary sociological work could have given him considerable assistance. He writes as if the sociology of war is in thrall to a simple Marxist viewpoint. The reality is that sociologists have developed far more cogent critiques of Marxism than Scruton's, and without indulging in wishful thinking about the pacific tendencies of the 'free world' which is every bit as superficial as the simplified Marxist view which he attacks. Sociological writers have rarely supposed that one can offer narrowly social explanations for war. Mann, for example, has polemicized against both 'the theory of militaristic capitalism' and 'the optimistic theory of pacific capitalism', and has argued instead for a modified version of 'the theory of geopolitical militarism'.3 This locates the causes of war not in domestic social or political structures but in the manifestly central context of international relations between states. Giddens has devoted a major volume of his Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism to The Nation-State and Violence, arguing that it is the changing relations of internal surveillance and external military power, together with the industrialization of war, that explain the escalating violence of war. He does not, however, claim that these factors provide the causes of particular wars.4 Skocpol, in a slightly earlier work, provided an even more radical inversion of traditional Marxist views, by demonstrating how international relations and war, rather than social contradictions, were essential to explaining revolutions such as the Russian and Chinese.5 These are major social theorists, arguably radical sociologists in
Polynomial space hardness without disjunction property

Horcik and Terui  show that, if a substructural logic enjoys the disjunction property, then its tautology problem is PSPACE-hard. We prove that all substructural logics in the interval between intuitionistic logic and generalized Hajek basic logic have a PSPACE-hard tautology problem, which implies that uncountably many substructural logics lacking the disjunction property have a PSPACE-hard tautology problem.
Effect of occupational and recreational activity on the risk of colorectal cancer among males: a case-control study.

Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that either occupational or recreational physical activity is protective against colon cancer. However, it is unclear whether recreational activity is similarly protective among those who engage in high or low occupational activity. We therefore compared 440 male cases of colorectal cancer with 1164 male hospital patients. Occupational activity was defined according to job title, while recreational activity was assessed by questionnaire for three different periods of life. Occupational activity was protective with respect to colorectal cancer irrespective of whether one engaged in recreational activity at any different period of life. In contrast, recreational activity, performed at 20-44 years of age appeared to decrease colon cancer risk by 10-25% irrespective of the intensity of job activity. The present results suggest that, although we observed a larger effect with occupational activity than with recreational activity, middle-aged men may reduce their risk of colorectal cancer if they exercise when they are not working. These findings need to be confirmed in other populations.
The Spirit of the Enlightenment

We cannot "go back" to the Enlightenment today; its world is not ours. However, we should not reject it as revolutionaries and anti-humanists tried to during the last century. Rather, we need a rebirth of the Enlightenment to preserve its heritage at the same time subjecting it to a critical appraisal. The Enlightenment has taught us how to do this by lucidly and fearlessly contrasting it with its desirable and undesirable consequences. In criticizing the Enlightenment we remain faithful to it.
Managing New Product Innovation Proceedings of the Quantum Leap Conference

Conference proceedings are unlike other books: whilst they have an independent life of their own, when readers meet their contents for the first time, they also have another life, in which they support the memory of previous, fleeting entities - the conference presentations. Conference delegates shared those occasions, and for them the contents of the. book are more than an opportunity to consider the notions at the heart of the conference: they serve as a reminder of other, unrecorded moments of the event they partially represent.