nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Imagining Globalization Through Latin American Literature

Through a combination of practical applications and theoretical underpinnings, this article explores the question of how to approach the teaching of Latin American Literature in the current period of globalization. Many theorists argue that we need new epistemologies in which to ground our pedagogy for the 21st century. Understanding the effects of globalization on Latin American Literature is a challenge, but one way we can meet it is by taking heed of new epistemologies such as Walter Mignolo's idea of `border thinking' or Boaventura de Sousa Santos' `epistemology of the South' that advocate an inclusive, dialogic approach to the integration of histories, cultures and different knowledges.
Word and Image: French Painting of the Ancien Régime

List of illustrations Preface Acknowledgements 1. Discourse, figure 2. The legible body: LeBrun 3. Watteau and reverie 4. Transformations in rococo space 5. Greuze and the pursuit of happiness 6. Diderot and the word 7. Diderot and the image 8.  style or sign? Notes List of societies affiliated to CINOA Select bibliography Index.
Extending Decision Procedures with Induction Schemes

Families of function definitions and conjectures based in quantifier-free decidable theories are identified for which inductive validity of conjectures can be decided by the cover set method, a heuristic implemented in a rewrite-based induction theorem prover Rewrite Rule Laboratory (RRL) for mechanizing induction. Conditions characterizing definitions and conjectures are syntactic, and can be easily checked, thus making it possible to determine a priori whether a given conjecture can be decided. The concept of a T-based function definition is introduced that consists of a finite set of terminating complete rewrite rules of the form f(s 1 ,..., s m ) → r, where s 1 ,..., s m are interpreted terms from a decidable theory T, and r is either an interpreted term or has nonnested recursive calls to f with all other function symbols from T. Two kinds of conjectures are considered. Simple conjectures are of the form f(x 1 ,...x m ) = t, where f is T-based, x i 's are distinct variables, and t is interpreted in T. Complex conjectures differ from simple conjectures in their left sides which may contain many function symbols whose definitions are T-based and the nested order in which these function symbols appear in the left sides have the compatibility property with their definitions. The main objective is to ensure that for each induction subgoal generated from a conjecture after selecting an induction scheme, the resulting formula can be simplified so that induction hypothesis(es), whenever needed, is applicable, and the result of this application is a formula in T. Decidable theories considered are the quantifier-free theory of Presburger arithmetic, congruence closure on ground terms (with or without associative-commutative operators), propositional calculus, and the quantifier-free theory of constructors (mostly, free constructors as in the case of finite lists and finite sequences). A byproduct of the approach is that it can predict the structure of intermediate lemmas needed for automatically deciding this subclass of conjectures. Several examples over lists, numbers and of properties involved in establishing the number-theoretic correctness of arithmetic circuits are given.
Sport as Cultural Assimilation: Representations of American Indian Athletes in the Carlisle School Newspaper

The article analyzes archival Carlisle school newspapers to demonstrate how the institution used news representations of athletics and recreation to foster assimilationist aims. The article argues that athletics and recreation were imbued with different meanings for the various constituencies, all of whom used athletics and recreation to construct identities, express emotions, and struggle over the politics of assimilation. The conjuncture of Carlisle's athletic programs and the growth of sports coverage resulted in representations of Indian athletes within the context of a racial ideology that portrayed the Indian as both a noble and primitive savage whose instinctive abilities and cunning allowed him to compete against whites despite a lack of scientific training. In the process, a modern bicultural athletic world came into being, but it was not destined to last. The very cultural system that had supported Indian athletes in the early twentieth century was transformed in ways that rendered Indi...
Good corporate governance of ICT in municipalities

Effective service delivery through a municipality in general is important. ICT plays a major role in service delivery. Various best practices and standards indicate that the municipal council must take full responsibility and accountability for the corporate governance of ICT. According to the Auditor General, in the South African context, this is not being done. With this existing lack of responsibility and accountability, the municipal council does not fully support the corporate governance of ICT in a municipality. Through the extensive use of a literature survey and document analysis, guidelines have been defined to address this lack. These guidelines can possibly aid a municipal council in the corporate governance of ICT in municipalities. This not only applies to South Africa, but also to the rest of Africa.
Price Competition in Markets with Consumer Variety Seeking

We investigate price competition between firms in markets characterized by consumer variety seeking. While previous research has addressed the effect of consumer inertia on prices, there exists no research on the effects of variety seeking on price competition. Our study fills this gap in the literature. Using a two-period duopoly framework as in Klemperer's analysis of inertial markets, we show that the noncooperative pricing equilibrium in a market with consumer variety seeking may be the same as the collusive outcome in an otherwise identical market without variety seeking. Specifically, our variety-seeking model implies tacit collusion between firms in both periods, unlike the inertia model of Klemperer that implies tacit collusion between firms only in the second period but implies fierce price competition in the first period. When consumers are assumed to have rational expectations about future prices, the implied first-period prices increase further, which is consistent with what Klemperer finds in an inertial market. To summarize, while our variety-seeking analyses support two key results (pertaining to second-period prices and rational expectations) previously derived for inertial markets by Klemperer, they depart from one key result (pertaining to first-period prices).
Factors involved in heavy metal poisoning.

The heavy metals include at least 40 elements but cadmium, lead, and mercury have been most extensively studied. The biological properties of heavy metals are discussed in terms of three important characteristics: the ability to form, irreversibly, complexes and chelates with organic ligands; the properties to form organic-metallic bonds; and the potential to undergo oxidation-reduction reactions. The formation of complexes and chelates within the body is shown to influence greatly the dynamics of transport, distribution, and excretion of several important metal cations. The excretion of uranium is influenced by acid-base balance in the body because uranium forms complexes with bicarbonate anions that are filtered by the kidneys. The biliary excretion of methylmercury depends on the formation of small molecular weight complexes with sulfur-containing amiono acids and the peptides in the liver. The degree of enterohepatic recirculation of a variety of heavy metals appears to depend on the chemical nature of the bilary complexes. The oxidation of elemental to divalent ionic mercury is the crurial step in the retention and tissue deposition of inhaled mercury vapor. That the oxidation process is, at least in part, catalyzed by the enzyme, catalase, explains the effects of ethanol, aminotriazole and the state of acatalasemia on the metabolism of inhaled vapor in man and animals. The formation of covalent bonds between metal cations and the carbon atom usually greatly modifies the biological properties of the metal. Methylarsenic and methylmercury compounds both differ from the inorganic forms in accumulation in animals.
Multidisciplinary views in modeling response to climate change: A workshop summary

The report summarizes presentations at a workshop jointly sponsored by the Interdisciplinary Climate Systems Section of the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Northern Global Change Research Program of the USDA Forest Service. This year`s title was Moving from Equilibrium to Transient GCMs (general circulation models): Linking Physiological Responses, Community Responses, and Ecological Rates of Change with Social-Economic Factors. Topics included global-scale climate simulations, continental-scale biotic models, ecosystem-level research, and issues associated with developing large-scale assessments.
Kinetics of carbon monoxide binding to fully and partially reduced human hemoglobin valency hybrids.

The kinetics of carbon monoxide binding following fast reduction of the valency hybrids alpha2+betaCO2 and alphaCO2beta+2 by hydrated electrons have been studied at different degrees of reduction. The results show that at pH 6.0 and 7.0 reduction of one heme group yields a species which reacts fast with carbon monoxide (rate constant of the order of 10(6) M-1S-1). At pH 6.0 the intermediates alphaCO2beta2 and alpha2betaCO2 bind carbon monoxide with a rate characteristic of the T state. At pH 7.0 alphaCO2beta2 is for the greater part in the T state, while in the case of alpha2betaCO2 the R and the T state are about equally populated.
The need for an industrial engineering software library

There is a real need for an Industrial Engineering Software Library. This need has been specified by previous studies and quantified by a widely distributed questionnaire. This article briefly outlines the work that has been accomplished so far towards the establishment of a clearinghouse to which industrial engineers can turn for available software. The question remaining is: How tto support and implement this project which we believe would be of great value to industrial engineers and others interested in quantitative techniques for decision making?
Il nome della rosa di Umberto Eco e la storia della filosofia medievale

What contribution has Umberto Eco’s historical fiction made to knowledge of the history of medieval philosophy? His first and most famous novel, The Name of the Rose (1980), had the merit of drawing the attention of the common reader to mediaeval thought, which is usually neglected and still not widely known. However, this portrayal was characterized by a negative and deforming image of medieval monasticism and its philosophical conceptions. By contrast the scholastic Middle Ages (Roger Bacon, Marsilius of Padua, and especially William of Ockham) were looked upon by Eco with very modern —even “postmodern”— eyes, so that very little was left of the Middle Ages themselves.
Survey of care provided by ambulatory care pharmacists to patients with chronic kidney disease.

A survey was conducted to determine the role of ambulatory care pharmacists in the care of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).



Data from a survey of ambulatory care pharmacists in the treatment and management of patients with CKD were collected. A 22-item anonymous survey was sent to 1028 potential respondents in January 2004. Only pharmacists indicating routine provision of care to patients with risk factors for the development of CKD or with stages 1-4 of CKD were included in the analysis. Additional questions surveyed the timeliness and frequency of nephrology referrals and the pharmacists' familiarity with National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-K/DOQI) guidelines.



Of 1028 surveys, 535 were completed and returned. Only respondents who provided care in an outpatient setting to geriatric patients and patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or decreased creatinine clearance were included in the analysis (n = 388). Initial assessment of CKD was performed by 85% of the surveyed pharmacists. Over one third of the pharmacists made nephrology referrals. However, even pharmacists who had a high percentage of patients with a known risk for CKD infrequently screened for kidney dysfunction, and only a small portion monitored the areas recommended by NFK-K/DOQI. The respondents' familiarity with the NFK-K/DOQI guidelines indicated that 7% were very familiar, 45% were somewhat familiar, 34% were not very familiar, 13% were not at all familiar, and 1% did not respond.



The ambulatory care pharmacists surveyed were not consistently involved in the routine monitoring of common complications of CKD.
Dimensional effects in controlled structure supported catalysts derived from layered synthetic microstructures. Final progress report for period March 1, 1997 - February 28, 2000

Several heterogeneous catalytic reactions show size dependence, whereby the specific rate changes with the average diameter of supported metal particles in the nanometer range. Geometric arguments relating the size dependence to the relative concentration of active sites on idealized crystal particles cannot account for all the observed results. In an effort to overcome the geometric limitations of supported particles, the authors had previously created novel supported metal catalysts called Layered Synthetic Microstructures (LSMs) by the physical vapor deposition of alternating thin films of Ni and silica onto 3-in. Si wafer substrates. Subsequent lithography followed by wet etching left an array of micron-sized towers. Relative catalytic rate measured for ethane hydrogenolysis showed that LSMs produced similar size effects as previously found with supported particles. In the current work, experiments were accomplished using LSMs with a wider range of metals (Ni, Pt, Ir, Rh, Ru, etc.) and supports (SiO{sub 2} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}). Dry etching with Ar ions was used. It was found that a distinction can be made between several types of size effects due to the well-defined geometry of LSM catalysts. Rates in some systems are truly size dependent, while in other systems rates are clearly dependent on the metal-support interface. In addition, a lift-off process was developed for fabrication of all kinds of LSMs without resorting to either wet or dry etch techniques.
Stress - Dependent Out - Annealing of Defects in Self - Implanted Silicon

Effect of hydrostatic pressure (HP) on out – annealing of defects in self – implanted silicon (Si:Si, Si+ doses 5x1016 cm-2 and 1x1017 cm-2, energies 50 keV and 160 keV), treated for 1 – 10 h at up to 1400 K (HT) under HP ≤ 1.4 GPa, has been investigated by photoluminescence, X-ray and related methods. Applied at 720 – 1270 K enhanced pressure does not affect or affects adversely Si:Si structure while at 1400 K assists in its improvement. HP – dependent transformations in Si:Si at HT are related to effect of HP on diffusion of point defects, such as silicon interstitials and vacancies produced at implantation. Out - annealing of defects in self - implanted silicon is dependent also on spatial position of damaged areas in Si substrate.
Effects of defects on dielectric breakdown phenomena and life time of polymeric insulation

Effects of defects on dielectric breakdown phenomena and life time of PE insulation were investigated. Volatile impurity was observed by FT-IR spectrum and oxidation reaction was faster on Cu than Al open pan. From the artificial impurities such as carbon fiber, nylon, Cu and Al particles, electrical tree started and dielectric breakdown was occurred finally. Space charge formed by the injection of electron from electrode and trapped in impurities acts as the main cause of dielectric breakdown in polymeric insulation.
Designing the Construction Process

After its initial development in the telecommunications industry (Hall 1962, Bode 1967), systems engineering flourished mainly in the defence and aerospace industries. As a spin-off from the development in these areas, systems engineering itself has developed and grown to accommodate many more domains all over the world. One of these domains is the construction industry. This paper elaborates on the tailoring of systems engineering principles to a construction industry environment: governments, railroads, city boards, highways and a lot of steel and concrete. It examines the equivalence between this domain and the more traditional systems engineering processes as a path to recasting systems engineering in a language that would make it more immediately useful and acceptable in the construction. Finally, the paper discusses some features of the implementation of such a reformulation undertaken within the Dutch construction industry, illustrating the communalities for applying Systems Engineering within the construction domain throughout the world.
Global R-currents and phase transitions in large Nc gauge theory

We study, using a gravity dual, the finite temperature dynamics of SU(Nc) gauge theory for large Nc, with fundamental quark flavours in a quenched approximation, in the presence of a fixed R-charge under a global R-current. We observe several notable phenomena. There is a first order phase transition where the quark condensate jumps discontinuously at finite quark mass, generalizing similar transitions seen at zero charge. Our tool in these studies is holography, the string dual of the gauge theory being the geometry of Nc spinning D3-branes at finite temperature, probed by a D7-brane.
Human Knowledge: Classical and Contemporary Approaches

*=NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION General  Human Knowledge-Its Nature, Sources, and Limits PART I. CLASSICAL SOURCES Meno Phaedo Republic Theaetetus Posterior Analytics De Anima Outlines of Pyrrhonism Contra Academicos De Civitas Dei Summa Theologiae Meditations on First Philosophy An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Introduction to New Essays on the Human Understanding A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 11.  An Inquiry into the Human Mind Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics PART II.  The Will to Believe Appearance, Reality, and Knowledge By Acquaintance Verification and Philosophy The Pragmatic Element in Knowledge Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology Two Dogmas of Empiricism 19. * Pragmatism, Relativism, and Irrationalism Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? An Alleged Defect in Gettier Counter-Examples The Gettier Problem A Pragmatic Conception of the A Priori The Truths of Reason A Priori Knowledge, Necessity, and Contingency Concepts of Epistemic Justification The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge 28.  A Contextualist Theory of Epistemic Justification 29.  Evidentialism Reflective Equilibrium, Analytic Epistemology, and the Problem of Cognitive Diversity Proof of an External World Cause and Effect: Intuitive Awareness Skepticism, Naturalism, and Transcendental Arguments 34.  Philosophical Scepticism and Epistemic Circularity 35. * Scepticism, 'Externalism', and the Goal of Epistemology Epistemology Naturalized Why Reason Can't Be Naturalized Epistemic Folkways and Scientific Epistemology 39.  Quine as Feminist: The Radical Import of Naturalized Epistemology
Moralidade positiva e moralidade crítica

Moral beliefs and attitudes may vary to great extent across different societies. Even within the same society, the prevailing moral beliefs and attitudes may vary throughout the history of this society. The moral beliefs and attitudes that prevail in a given society, at a given time, constitute the “positive morality” of this society. But can we morally assess the “positive morality”? In this paper I present reasons so as to give this question an affirmative answer. I argue that the moral assessment of the “positive morality” must resort to the general principles of “critical morality”. The conception of “critical morality” that I defend in this paper resumes some aspects of David Hume’s moral philosophy. In the last section of this paper I also argue that formative works of art, such as novels, feature films, and documentary films may participate in the process of rational deliberation required by “critical morality”.
MicroElectronics Cloud Alliance (MECA) — Presentation of a new Erasmus+ project

The MicroElectronics Cloud Alliance (MECA) Erasmus+ project (562206-EPP-1-2015-1-BG-EPPKA2-KA, 2016-18) brings together 18 partners from higher education institutions (HEIs) and enterprises (SMEs) to develop cloud-based European infrastructure and organisation for education in micro- and nanoelectronics providing a range of Open Educational Resources (OERs); remote access and sharing of educational and professional software; remote and practice-based learning facilities. Eight European HEIs and eight SMEs develop e-learning courses on: CAD systems, microelectronics technologies, test, characterisation and application of integrated circuits and systems; and they are to be provided as open educational resources to promote virtual mobility. Each university will provide remote access to its facilities, laboratory experiments or software systems for the partners in a cloud teaching system, giving them access to new resources. By providing accessibility of all developed e-learning materials as OERs, the university-business alliance will have impact on the education to be more responsive to labour market needs, thus the graduated students will be better prepared for the jobs, and the enterprises will be satisfied by the knowledge and skills of young specialists.
남남갈등으로 표류한 김영삼 정부의 대북정책

김영삼 정부의 대북 정책에 대해서는 지금까지 많은 비판이 제기되었다. 특히 김영삼 정부가 사회적 여론과 언론에 휘둘려서 일관된 정책을 실시하지 못했다는 것이 가장 큰 비판이었다. “여론과 정치적 이해에 따라 두 가지 선택 사이를 시계추처럼 왕복함으로써 차라리 ‘보수적 선택으로 일관하는 것만도 못한 결과를 초래하고 말았다”는 비판에서부터 “대북정책이 일관되지 못한 상황에서 김영삼 대통령 개인의 대북관이 기본적으로 ‘극우반공냉전주의’에 근거하고 있었기 때문에 대북정책이 실패할 수밖에 없었다”는 주장이 제기되기도 했다. 그러나 당시 진행된 다양한 국내외 상황 때문에 김영삼 정부는 일관된 대북정책을 시행할 수 없는 상황을 맞이하였다. 무엇보다도 중요한 점은 탈냉전과 민주화 이후 노태우정부 시기를 거치며 사회 내부에서 보수세력이 강경파와 온건파로 분열되었고, 그 중에서 강경한 보수세력의 역공세가 강화되는 시점에서 김영삼 정부가 출범했다는 사실이다. 이들은 북한을 둘러싸고 논란이 될 만한 사건이 발생할 때마다 북한에 대한 강경 발언을 쏟아냈다. 그리고 김영삼 정부는 이들에게서 받는 일정한 지지 위에서 출범했던 태생적 한계를 갖고 있었다. 따라서 이들의 발언에서 자유로울 수 없었다. 이러한 태생적 한계 위에서 1993년부터 1998년까지 지속된 북한 핵 문제와 김일성사망, 조문 파동, 잠수함 사건, 그리고 황장엽 망명 사건으로 대표되는 북한 문제의 ‘출렁임’ 때문에 김영삼 정부가 일관된 정책을 실행할 수 없는 조건이 형성되었다. 이 시기 북한은 내부의 거대한 변화를 경험했다. 김일성 주석이 사망했으며, 러시아와 동구에서 공산주의 정권이 붕괴한 데다가 수해가 잇따르면서 경제적 추락이 거듭되었다. 민주화 운동의 주류세력이었던 김영삼 대통령과 민주계가 정권을 잡았다는 것은 분명 대북정책에 서 전향적인 변화를 일으킬 기회가 될 수 있었지만, 대외적 변화와 보수세력의 분열로 고조된 남남갈등은 결국 김영삼 정부의 대북정책이 별다른 성과를 거두지 못하게 만드는 가장 큰 요인이 되었다.
The depositional systems and palaeogeography of the Lower Jurassic Fuxian Formation in the Ordos Basin

The Ordos Basin is one of the largest Mesozoic coal-bearing basins and continental petroleum basins in China. The Fuxian Formation represents the earliest Jurassic sedimentary strata in the basin developed upon the denudational surface generated during the Indosinian orogeny, and is overlain unconformably upon the underlying Triassic Yanchang Formation. The sediment thickness and lithology are highly variable. The deposition here is mani{ested in filling, and the depositional systems consist of the alluvial fan and fluvial sediments, where the channel facies has more potential as oil and gas reservoirs if the cover of the channel sediments in the formation are favourable.