nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction Graphs: Exponentials

In two previous papers [Sei12b, Sei12a], we exposed a combinatorial approach to the program of Geometry of Interaction, a program initiated by Jean-Yves Girard [Gir89b]. The strength of our approach lies in the fact that we interpret proofs by simpler structures — graphs — than Girard’s constructions, while generalizing the latter since they can be recovered as special cases of our setting. This third paper tackles the complex issue of defining exponential connectives in this framework. In order to succeed in this, we consider a generalization of graphs named graphings, which is in some way a geometric realization of a graph. We explain how we can then define a GoI for Elementary Linear Logic (ELL), a sub-system of linear logic where representable functions are exactly the functions computable in elementary time. This construction is moreover parametrized by the choice of a map, giving rise to a whole family of models.
Theory of Population Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology: An Introduction

0. Introductory Survey of Population Phenomena. I. THE BASICS OF POPULATION GENETICS. 1. An Overview of Population Genetics. 2. The Hardy-Weinberg Law. 3. Natural Selection and Mutation at One Locus with Two Alleles. 4. The Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection. 5. Genetic Drift. 6. The Neutrality Controversy. II. COMPLEX GENETIC SYSTEMS. 7. Natural Selection with Multiple Alleles at One Locus. 8. Population Genetics with Multiple Loci. 9. Natural Selection and Quantitative Inheritance. 10. Nonrandom Mating. III. SPECIAL TOPICS IN EVOLUTION. 11. Evolution of the Genetic System. 12. Evolution in Spatially Varying Environments. 13. Natural Selection in Temporally Varying Environments. 14. The Evolution of Altruism: Kin Selection and Group Selection. IV. EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF SINGLE POPULATIONS. 15. An Overview of Evolutionary Ecology. 16. Exponential and Logistic Population Growth. 17. Density-Dependent Natural Selection. 18. Population Growth with Age Structure. 19. Age-Specific Selection and Life History Strategies. 20. Stochastic Environments: Extinction, Resource Tracking, and Patchiness. V. EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF INTERACTING POPULATIONS. 21. Competition. 22.  Coevolution in Ecological Systems. 24. Niche Theory and Island Biogeography.  The Mean and Variance. A2. How to Write a Computer Program in BASIC. A3. Matrix Algebra and Stability Theory. Index. Bibliography.
Innovation, competition and financial vulnerability in economic development

The financial sector has been viewed traditionally as either providing the "oil" for the "wheels of commerce" or as a parasite on the real sector of the economy where real productivity gains provide for increasing real wages and per capita incomes. The present paper takes a different route and attempts to an analysis of financial institutions on a par with the production sector of the economy. It also develops a link which amalgamates "the knowledge-based" perspective on firms' operations with Schumpeterian financial leverage to exploit productivity enhancing innovations, and Minsky's tendency towards financial fragility. The analysis also leads to some policy recommendations concerning financial regulation, risk management and financial institution's building.
Optimal scheduling for fault-tolerant and firm real-time systems

Time redundancy is an effective method for achieving fault tolerance in a real time system, when space redundancy cannot be used for cost or weight constraints. The paper presents a fault tolerant scheduling algorithm for real time systems consisting of firm and hard periodic tasks. Firm tasks can occasionally skip one instance according to a predefined quality of service parameter, whereas hard tasks include a primary and a backup job. The proposed scheduling algorithm ensures that each task instance is satisfied within its timing constraints by either the primary or the backup job. Moreover the algorithm maximizes the processor idle time available for processing primary jobs and automatically reclaims the spare time saved by deallocating backup jobs. A very interesting feature of the algorithm is that it can be tuned to balance performance versus complexity, so easily conforming to application's requirements.
The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer and post-transplant lympho-proliferative disorders in the Scottish cardiac transplant population and the provision of specialist dermatological follow-up.

Immunosuppression helps prevent acute rejection post-cardiac transplant but has been linked to malignancy development. This may be due to a reduction in T-lymphocyte function, a direct oncogenic effect or the increased impact of environmental carcinogens. There has been shown to be significant increases in non-melanoma skin cancers and post-transplant lympho-proliferative disorders, particularly in those treated with OKT3.  To investigate the survival and incidence of malignancy in the Scottish cardiac transplant population and whether rates of non-melanoma skin cancers justify the provision of specialist dermatological follow-up.  Retrospective case note analysis of patients transplanted (363) or followed up (2) in Scotland from 1992 to 2016. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis generated a survival curve. Patients had a 1-year survival of 82% and a median survival of 10.9 years. There were 60 (95% CI 47.5, 75.2) NMSCs and 8 (3.7, 12.4) post-transplant lympho-proliferative disorders diagnosed in the cohort (3110 person years follow-up). Fisher's exact test was employed to analyse the association between induction therapy (via OKT3 or rabbit antithymocyte globulin) and post-transplant lympho-proliferative disorder development. Patients treated with OKT3 had a 6.7 times greater risk ( P = 0.014) and a shorter experience of patients treated with rabbit antithymocyte globulin has so far shown no significantly altered risk ( P = 1.00) of developing a post-transplant lympho-proliferative disorder.  Incidences of non-melanoma skin cancers and post-transplant lympho-proliferative disorders were increased in the Scottish cardiac transplant population and there was a significant association between post-transplant lympho-proliferative disorder development and OKT3 therapy but not rabbit antithymocyte globulin therapy. These findings in Scottish patients reflect what is published in wider literature and support the provision of a dedicated post-transplant dermatology clinic.
Case-Based Reasoning for Design Patterns Searching System

patterns are graceful solutions to specific software design problems. However, choosing proper design patterns for given software design problems might not be an easy task especially for novice developers. The design patterns searching tools are therefore needed to solve the problem. One major problem of the existing researches in this field is the indexing problem. This paper aims to solve the problem by presenting an elegant design pattern searching model that combines Case Based Reasoning (CBR) and Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) techniques. This model proposes a newly refinement technique. The technique allows experts to organize indexes to gain more complete software problem description in order to retrieve more appropriate design patterns. The indexes and cases similarity is calculated using FCA. The learning model to store new knowledge for retention process is also provided. Mean Average Precision (MAP) is used to assess the performance of the model. The preliminary experimental results show that the presented model has more retrieval ability in term of MAP comparing to the traditional model of CBR.
Logic Programming for Describing and Solving Planning Problems

A logic programming paradigm which expresses solutions to problems as stable models has recently been promoted as a declarative approach to solving various combinatorial and search problems, including planning problems. In this paradigm, all program rules are considered as constraints and solutions are stable models of the rule set. This is a rather radical departure from the standard paradigm of logic programming. In this paper we revisit abductive logic programming and argue that it allows a programming style which is as declarative as programming based on stable models. However, within abductive logic programming, one has two kinds of rules. On the one hand predicate definitions (which may depend on the abducibles) which are nothing else than standard logic programs (with their non-monotonic semantics when containing with negation); on the other hand rules which constrain the models for the abducibles. In this sense abductive logic programming is a smooth extension of the standard paradigm of logic programming, not a radical departure.
O efeito educacional em Foucault. O governamento, uma questão pedagógica?

The article incorporates the thesis of Hoskin (1993) that the archaeological and genealogical work of Foucault spun around educational issues although he had not been aware of it. Before we ratify or reject this claim, we consider that the notion of "governmentality", built in his last lectures at the College de France, can be better understood if it is taken as part of an analysis of pedagogical practices as they constitute privileged conduct practices of self and of the others. To support this claim, we will showthrough some examples derived from previous research the centrality of pedagogical practices in the modalities of the government of life in the so-called Modernity and its relevance in contemporary forms of government.
The form factors of ωπ0 and π+π− at ψ(2S)

The measurements of ψ (2 S )→ ωπ 0 and ψ (2 S )→ π + π − in e + e − experiments are examined. It is found that the non-resonance virtual photon annihilation gives large contributions to the observed cross sections of these two processes. By including this contribution, the form factors and branching fractions of these two decay modes are revised.
A Museum in a Book: Teaching Culture through Decolonizing, Arts-Based Methodologies.

This paper explores the positivist, museum-based, and touristic constructions of indigenous cultures in the Americas, as represented in the DK Eyewitness series, and then overturns these constructions using an artist book created by the authors. In our analysis of the nonfiction series, we identified three trajectories: cataloguing, consignment to the past, and pleasurable display. Using techniques borrowed from "new historiography" and the decolonizing methodologies of Linda Tuhiwai Smith (1999), we suggest ways in which adults and young people might "speak back" to these positivist paradigms.  Teaching Culture through Decolonizing, Arts-based Methodologie... http://www.ijea.org/v12lai1/index.html
PRECAMBRIAN-CAMBRIAN CARBONATE BASINS IN OHIO AND INDIANA

In the last decade the perception of the ideas about the rocks below the Mount Simon Sandstone in southwestern Ohio have undergone dramatic change. This change is due to a stratigraphic test hole (DGS2627) in Warren County and a number of seismic lines scattered throughout the region. Some of this recently recognized complexity was actually known 70 years ago when a hole (Friend #1 Mattinson) was drilled 404 m into rocks below the Mount Simon Sandstone in Southern Clark County. This well, though reported in the literature at the time was generally forgotten until recently. The original reports on this well and more recent study of the cutting have led us to collect 40 km of seismic data in the area around the well. The limited portion of the basin covered by the present seismic data is 6 km by 6 km. The eastern edge appears to be near South Charleston but the basin is continuing to thicken at the western end of the seismic lines. On the basis of the Friend #1 Mattinson cuttings we know that the upper part of the pre-Mount Simon rock is carbonate. Our interpretation is that the carbonate rock may be 1220 m thick and this unit lies on rock with seismic characteristics similar to the Middle Run Formation in Warren County. The top of the carbonate unit is very irregular suggesting an unconformity with the Mount Simon deposited on a karst surface. The only other location where we have found carbonate rock described below the Mount Simon is in Jay County, Indiana about 140 km to the northwest. The Friend #1 Mattinson well reports provided evidence of hydrocarbon potential and the seismic sections show several possible trap types. Much is unknown about the basin but we think the evidence points to the potential for hydrocarbon production. A modern well is needed in the vicinity of the Friend #1 Mattinson well to clarify the nature of the basin and to test its production potential.
Assessing the Usefulness of a Cartographic Curiosity: The 1673 Map of a Sugar Island

During the colonial period, maps of the New World were important sources of information to Europeans, providing graphic depictions of the resources and inhabitants of new lands as well as of the progress being made by colonists. Today these historic maps are intriguing to scholars, yet they are rarely used to the fullest extent possible as sources of historical data. The 1673 map of the eastern Caribbean island of Montserrat is used to demonstrate how cartometry, documentary research, and field study can be used to reap valuable information from a supposed unreliable source. After I corrected the map for spatial distortion, I checked the data it contained against contemporary documents and the results of archaeological and geographical field research. My conclusion is the map is so accurate that it may serve as a freeze frame of seventeenth-century colonial agency.
Preferences in distributing scarce goods

Respondents rated their preference for distributing scarce goods in four studies. Study 1, in which respondents were presented with brief scenarios, and Study 2, in which respondents were presented with single statements about the scarcity, showed that preferences among four different means of distribution (order of application, the market, merit, and random) varied with the nature of the scarcity. There was a tendency for respondents to prefer methods currently employed by society. Study 3 compared the preferences for the market system versus regulation of respondents brought up in a market or a regulated (communist) economy, and Study 4 compared preferences for New Zealand and German students. The results suggest that preferences are not a simple product of either economic upbringing or current practice.
Consistency in Non-Transactional Distributed Storage Systems

Over the years, different meanings have been associated with the word consistency in the distributed systems community. While in the ’80s “consistency” typically meant strong consistency, later defined also as linearizability, in recent years, with the advent of highly available and scalable systems, the notion of “consistency” has been at the same time both weakened and blurred.
 In this article, we aim to fill the void in the literature by providing a structured and comprehensive overview of different consistency notions that appeared in distributed systems, and in particular storage systems research, in the last four decades. We overview more than 50 different consistency notions, ranging from linearizability to eventual and weak consistency, defining precisely many of these, in particular where the previous definitions were ambiguous. We further provide a partial order among different consistency predicates, ordering them by their semantic “strength,” which we believe will be useful in future research. Finally, we map the consistency semantics to different practical systems and research prototypes.
 The scope of this article is restricted to non-transactional semantics, that is, those that apply to single storage object operations. As such, our article complements the existing surveys done in the context of transactional, database consistency semantics.
A Repository for Tarski-Kleene Algebras

We have implemented a repository of algebraic structures and theorems in the theorem proving environment Isabelle/HOL. It covers variants of Kleene algebras and relation algebras with many of their models. Most theorems have been obtained by automated theorem proving within Isabelle. Main purposes of the repository are the engineering of algebraic theories for computing systems and their application in formal program development. This paper describes the present state of the repository, illustrates its potential by a theory engineering and a program verification example, and discusses the most important directions for future work.
Problem Statement and Requirements for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Routing

6LoWPANs are formed by devices that are compatible with the IEEE
802.15.4 standard. However, neither the IEEE 802.15.4 standard nor the
6LoWPAN format specification define how mesh topologies could be
obtained and maintained. Thus, it should be considered how 6LoWPAN
formation and multi-hop routing could be supported. This document
provides the problem statement and design space for 6LoWPAN routing.
It defines the routing requirements for 6LoWPAN networks, considering
the low-power and other particular characteristics of the devices and
links. The purpose of this document is not to recommend specific
solutions, but to provide general, layer-agnostic guidelines about the
design of 6LoWPAN routing, which can lead to further analysis and
protocol design. This document is intended as input to groups working
on routing protocols relevant to 6LoWPAN, such as the IETF ROLL WG.
"The first time I put on a Maggie Smith ...": The Role of Costuming in the Artistic Process of Actresses at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival

This article investigates the role of costuming in the lives of actresses at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival. Although there have been numerous sociological studies of the role of clothing in women's lives, few of these have examined the complex, shifting relationship that develops between actors and their costumes, from first sketch to fittings to opening night and beyond. Taking a cue from recent investigations of how rehearsal environments and other offstage spaces affect theatre artists in unexpected, even surprising ways, this article weaves together three conversations with actresses from the Stratford Shakespeare Festival (Lucy Peacock, Andrea Runge, Sara Topham) to better highlight the similarities as well as the differences in the three women's lived experiences.
The Category Theoretic Solution of Recursive Program Schemes

This paper provides a general account of the notion of recursive program schemes, studying both uninterpreted and interpreted solutions. It can be regarded as the category-theoretic version of the classical area of algebraic semantics. The overall assumptions needed are small indeed: working only in categories with "enough final coalgebras" we show how to formulate, solve, and study recursive program schemes. Our general theory is algebraic and so avoids using ordered, or metric structures. Our work generalizes the previous approaches which do use this extra structure by isolating the key concepts needed to study substitution in infinite trees, including second-order substitution. As special cases of our interpreted solutions we obtain the usual denotational semantics using complete partial orders, and the one using complete metric spaces. Our theory also encompasses implicitly defined objects which are not usually taken to be related to recursive program schemes. For example, the classical Cantor two-thirds set falls out as an interpreted solution (in our sense) of a recursive program scheme.
Prototype Environmental Assessment of the impacts of siting and construction of an SPS ground receiving station

This report is a prototype assessment of the environmental impacts of siting and constructing a Satellite Power System (SPS) Ground Receiving Station (GRS). The objectives of the study are: l) to develop an assessment of the non-microwave-related impacts of the reference system SPS GRS on the natural environment (microwave health and safety and communications impacts were not assessed); 2) to assess the impacts of GRS construction and operations in the context of actual baseline data for a site in the California desert about 250 kilometers north of Los Angeles referred to as Rose Valley/Coso; and 3) to identify critical GRS characteristics or parameters that are most significant in terms of the natural environment.
Is diabetes treated as an acute or chronic illness in community family practice?

Poor quality of diabetes care has been ascribed to the acute care focus of primary care practice. A better understanding of how time is spent during outpatient visits for diabetes compared with visits for acute conditions and other chronic diseases may facilitate the design of programs to enhance diabetes care.



Research nurses directly observed consecutive outpatient visits during two separate days in 138 community family physician offices. Time use was categorized into 20 different behaviors using the Davis Observation Code (DOC). Time use was compared for visits for diabetes, other chronic conditions, and acute illnesses during 1,867 visits by patients > or =40 years of age.



Of 20 DOC behavioral categories, 10 exhibited differences among the three groups. Discriminant analysis identified two distinct factors that distinguished visits for chronic disease from visits for acute illness and visits for diabetes from those for other chronic diseases. Compared with visits for other chronic diseases, visits for diabetes devoted a greater proportion of time to nutrition counseling, health education, and feedback on results and less time to chatting. Compared with visits for acute illness, visits for diabetes were longer and involved a higher proportion of dietary advice, negotiation, and assessment of compliance.



Visits for diabetes are distinct from visits for other chronic diseases and acute illnesses in ways that may facilitate patient self-management. Novel quality-improvement interventions could support and expand existing differences between family physicians' current approaches to care of diabetes and other chronic and acute illnesses.
Ptolemyness of conventional program for microcosm investigations and alternative research program

It is shown that the conventional approach to microcosm investigations uses an incorrect supposition (incorrect space-time model) whose incorrectness is compensated by means of additional hypotheses, known as quantum mechanics principles. Such a conception reminds the Ptolemaic doctrine of celestial mechanics. Alternative research program, which uses a more correct space-time model and does not need additional hypotheses (quantum principles) for free explanations of quantum effects, is suggested. If the more correct space-time model were known in the beginning of XXth century, when research of microcosm started, quantum mechanics could develop in other way. The alternative research program appeared with a secular delay, because all this time the necessary mathematical technique was not available for researchers. Absence of necessary mathematical technique is connected with some prejudices which have been overcame at the construction of new conception of geometry and that of statistical description. Basic statements of the new mathematical technique and principles of its application in alternative research program are presented in the paper.