nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Service employee behaviour: the role of compliance and risk taking

This paper looks at the decision-making process that determines the amount of effort frontline service employees will expend in delivering a service in a business-to-business context. Using theories in behavioural economics and interactional and social psychology, the paper develops and presents a model of employee decision-making. Managerial implications, which have the potential to enhance the marketing of business-to-business services and directions for future research in this area, are indicated.
Non-tunneling Edge-Overlay Model Using OpenFlow for Cloud Datacenter Networks

In current SDN paradigm, an edge-overlay (distributed tunneling) model using L2-in-L3 tunneling protocols, such as VXLAN, has attracted attentions for multi-tenant data center networks. The edge-overlay model can establish rapid-deployment of virtual networks onto existing traditional network facilities, ensure flexible IP/MAC address allocation to VMs, and extend the number of virtual networks regardless of the VLAN ID limitation. However, such model has performance and incompatibility problems on the traditional network environment. For L2 data center networks, this paper proposes a pure software approach that uses Open Flow virtual switches to realize yet another edge-overlay without IP tunneling. Our model leverages a header rewriting method as well as a host-based VLAN ID usage to ensure address space isolation and scalability of the number of virtual networks. In our model, any special hardware equipments like Open Flow hardware switch are not required and only software-based virtual switches and the controller are used. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the proposed model comparing with the tunneling model using GRE or VXLAN protocol. Our model showed better performance and less CPU usage. In addition, qualitative evaluations of the model are also conducted from a broader perspective.
Initial stages of SiO x deposition on graphite

The reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and the subsequent deposition of SiO x on the basal plane and edges of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were studied. Interfacial bonding and surface morphologies resulting from different reaction conditions were probed using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). The initial reaction of TEOS was found to occur at surface defects. STM images indicated that SiC x films do not grow layer-by-layer, confirming earlier indirect observations to that effect.
Profiling selected paths with loops

Path profiling records the frequency of each path in an executed program. To accomplish profiling, probes are instrumented in the program and executed as the program runs. So, the number of probes has a significant impact on the efficiency of a profiling technique. By profiling only the interesting paths, existing techniques try to improve the profiling efficiency by reducing the number of probes and optimize path encodings for efficient storage. However, they lack accuracy, waste time on running uninteresting paths, and can mainly deal with acyclic paths. In this article, a novel technique called Profiling Selected Paths (PSP) is introduced to profile selected paths, which enables custom selection for both acyclic and cyclic paths and increases the execution efficiency by early termination on uninteresting paths. Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation indicate that PSP performs better than existing techniques.
Provenance of early Palaeozoic sandstones, southeastern Australia, Part 1: vertical changes through the Bengal fan-type deposit

Ordovician strata of the Lachlan Fold Belt in southeastern Australia are dominated by a turbidite succession that in its undeformed state was comparable in size to the modern-day Bengal Fan. The ancient fan was derived from the northern part of the Cambrian Ross–Delamerian orogenic belt that formed at a convergent boundary between plates containing Gondwanaland and part of the palaeo-Pacific Ocean, respectively. Substrate to the submarine fan consisted of mafic volcanic rocks with an immature island arc affinity similar to the Eocene Izu–Mariana–Bonin system. Sandstone compositions, determined from several stratigraphically constrained sections, demonstrate a uniform framework composition dominated by monocrystalline quartz with less abundant feldspar, polycrystalline quartz, metamorphic rock fragments, sedimentary rock fragments and mica. These indicate derivation from a low-grade metamorphic terrain. Up-sequence variation is limited to decreasing feldspar and lithic fragments and increasing quartz, indicating increased weathering and lowering of topography, in the source terrain over time. 25% of counted sandstones in the Late Ordovician interval contain a small component of mafic–intermediate volcanic rock fragments that accompanied a change in palaeocurrent direction from eastwards to northwards. In the Early Silurian, the Ordovician sequence was disrupted by the formation of several major deformation zones. Between these zones, developed several deep-marine sedimentary basins that contain a continuous succession from the Ordovician into the Early Silurian. Early Silurian sandstone is similar in composition to underlying Early Ordovician rocks except that the feldspar component is generally absent. Early Silurian sandstone was derived from uplifted portions of the Ordovician sequence and includes texturally inverted types with sandstone containing a bimodal mixture of coarse well-rounded quartz and fine angular quartz.
METHODOLOGICAL CHOICES IN KELSEY'S ECCENTRIC EXISTENCE

This article explores the methodological choices that shape David Kelsey's magnum opus Eccentric Existence: A Theological Anthropology (2009). These choices are explicit, and elucidated by Kelsey primarily in the introductory sections of this work. Considered in turn are Kelsey's rejection of a modern, apologetical approach to the theological task, his recovery of a premodern commitment to explaining the logic of beliefs rather than the logic of coming to belief, his explication of theological anthropology through a God-centered, Trinitarian, understanding of the biblical plot, and his decision to elucidate the human person theologically through an appreciation of the canonical Wisdom literature, which valorizes humanity's created goodness. It concludes by assessing Kelsey's project as an unsystematic systematic theology, a notion he develops as well in his earlier Imagining Redemption (2005).
Keynote on "Current State and Future Perspectives of Software Process Technology"

This keynote reviews the technical foundations of our field in terms of the rationale for formal process notations and the objectives of explicitly representing processes, analyzing those formal descriptions, monitoring the progress of those processes as they are enacted, and automating portions of those enactments. It clusters the research in this field into four chronologically ordered technology waves - Process Formalisms, Process Adaptive Tools, Process Centered Environments, and Process Middleware. It then assesses the state of the art in this field, identifies several remaining challenges, and suggests where the field should be headed. Finally, it closes with review of what has changed in the last few years.
Continuous analogs of axiomatized digital surfaces

Z3. But simple surface points are defined by means of axioms, and the axioms do not reveal what simple surface points “look like.” In this paper eight of the nine varieties of simple surface points are shown to have natural “continuous analogs,” and the one remaining variety is shown to be very different from the other types. This work yields substantial generalizations of the main theorems on simple surface points that were proved by Morgenthaler, Reed, and Rosenfeld.
Fuzzification of probabilistic objects

A categorical approach to probability allows to put basic notions of probability into a broader mathematical perspective, to evaluate their roles, and mutual relationships. Classical probability theory and fuzzy probability theory lead to two particular categories and their relationship (in categorical terms) enable us to understand and explicitly formulate the difference between them. Using our previous results, we show that the category ID of D-posets of fuzzy sets provides a framework in which the transition from classical to fuzzy probability theory is the consequence of some natural assumptions imposed on classical notions. Probability domains are constructed via suitable cogenerators and we study the transition in terms of the fuzzification of classical Boolean cogenerator. We introduce two categories CP and FP of probability spaces and observables corresponding to the classical probability theory and the fuzzy probability theory, respectively. We show that CP is isomorphic to a subcategory of FP.
What's So European About the European Union? Legitimacy Between Institution and Identity

This article explores the tension between an understanding of Europe as purveyor of a certain kind of cultural, spiritual or religious identity and the more or less bureaucratic project of European construction undertaken in its name. The central axis of this tension is the theoretical relationship between identity and legitimacy. The classical modern problem of nation-state building involves integrating the legitimating force of collective identity into the institutions of the state. How does the project of European construction respond to an analogous challenge? This article develops this theoretical question by turning to two canonical positions concerning the relation between institutional legitimacy and its cultural, spiritual or religious under-pinnings - Montesquieu and Weber. It then returns to the founding documents of the EU in order to interrogate the legitimacy of the EU in light of the concept of European identity.
The CFL phase and m$_s$: An Effective field theory approach

We study the phase diagram of dense quark matter with an emphasis on the role of the strange quark mass. Our approach is based on two effective field theories (EFTs). The first is an EFT that describes quark quasi-particles near the Fermi surface. This EFT is valid at energies small compared to the chemical potential. The second is an EFT for the Goldstone modes in the paired phase. We find that in response to a non-zero strange quark mass the CFL phase first undergoes a transition to a kaon condensed phase, and then to a gapless phase with a non-zero Goldstone boson current.
John Gay and the London theatre

The Beggar's Opera, often referred to today as the first musical comedy, was the most popular dramatic piece of the eighteenth century - and is the work that John Gay (1685-1732) is best remembered for having written. That association of popular music and satiric lyrics has proved to be continuingly attractive and variations on the Opera have flourished in this century: by Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht, by Duke Ellington, and most recently by Vaclav Havel. The original opera itself is played all over the world in amateur and professional productions. But John Gay's place in all this has not been well defined. His Opera is often regarded as some sort of chance event. In John Gay and the London Theatre, the first book-length study of John Gay as dramatic author, Calhoun Winton recognizes the Opera as part of an entirely self-conscious career in the theatre, a career that Gay pursued from his earliest days as a writer in London and continued to follow to his death. Winton emphasizes Gay's knowledge of and affection for music, acquired, he argues, by way of his association with Handel. Although concentrating on Gay and his theatrical career, Winton also limns a vivid portrait of London itself and of the London stage of Gay's time, a period of considerable turbulence both within and outside the theatre. Gay's plays reflect in varying ways and degrees that social, political, and cultural turmoil. Winton's study sheds new light not only on Gay and the theatre but also on the politics and culture of his era.
An overview of the didactic and scientific activity at the faculty of mechanical and electrical engineering of the Polish Naval Academy

The article characterises the didactic and scientific activity at the Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of the Polish Naval Academy. The current didactic offer and the areas of current research work are presented, along with main characteristics expected from the navalspecialisation graduate majoring in mechanics and machinery construction, in the context of the Polish Navy technical staff education system. Discussed are the subjects of research activities initiated in particular Faculty units, and leading scientific problems which have been studied for years within the field of widely understood utilisation of naval technology.
Finding Efficient Recursions for Risk Aggregation by Computer Algebra

We derive recursions for the probability distribution of random sums by computer algebra. Unlike the well-known Panjer-type recursions, they are of finite order and thus allow for computation in linear time. This efficiency is bought by the assumption that the probability generating function of the claim size be algebraic. The probability generating function of the claim number is supposed to be from the rather general class of D-finite functions.
Language localisation of Tamil using Statistical Machine Translation

Language localisation, where the strings in interface and documentation are translated to a new language, is a rigorous and time consuming task. On the other hand machine translation systems, specifically Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems, are successfully used among many language pairs. A few SMT systems have been developed for generic domain; however, there are no systems available to aid localisation yet. This research proposes a new methodology in which language localisation can be done using SMT. This research also identifies suitable parameters on which a SMT aided localisation system could be built. A pilot system is developed and the system is also outlined in this paper. A RESTful API has also been developed to facilitate localisation in remote tools. Several open source software have been translated already to Tamil. Those translated English - Tamil pairs were collected from various language resource files and then cleaned, tokenised and were used to train the system. Another similar system is prepared with data from generic domain apart from the collected technical data. Systems were trained with 2-gram, 3-gram and 4-gram language models that are created using two different language modelling tools namely KenLM and IRSTLM. Then the results were evaluated using BLEU algorithm. Appropriate parameters for setting up SMT system for localisation were identified from the evaluation. The results show that it would be enough to train a system with 3-gram, and the modified BLEU algorithm will give better understanding of the results compare to the original implementation of it. Further KenLM was found to perform better than IRSTM in terms of accuracy of results and the speed of execution.
The empirical analysis of industrial structure in Liaoning Province

The shift-share analysis method is the basic method to study industrial structure and industry competition. In this paper, we use the shift-share analysis method to analysis the Liaoning Province's industrial structure. We can draw the following conclusions, Due to historical influences, the first and second industrial structure of Liaoning province is irrational. The industrial structure and competitiveness of the third industry are relatively strong. Therefore, the government departments in Liaoning should adjust the industrial structure of the first and second industries. At the same time, we should develop the third industry, especially the financial industry and service industry.
Vascular cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus: are prevention and treatment effective?

Vascular dementia is caused by progressive atherosclerosis leading to multiple small strokes and subsequent brain damage. Approximately 10%-20% of all cases of dementia are attributed to vascular dementia. The 5-year survival rate is 39% for patients with vascular dementia compared with 75% for age-matched controls. It is a growing public health concern because of the lack of effective curative treatment options and rising global prevalence. Duration of diabetes mellitus of 10 years or longer, onset of diabetes before age 65, treatment with insulin and oral antidiabetic medications, and presence of diabetes complications have an impact on the incidence of vascular dementia. On the other hand, patients who suffered stroke either had or are later diagnosed with diabetes (16%-24%). Treatment of vascular dementia in diabetes patients rests on a two-pronged approach: modification of the underlying disease and prevention and treatment of dementia symptoms.
Pretty: Film and the Decorative Image

Film culture often rejects visually rich images, treating simplicity, austerity, or even ugliness as the more provocative, political, and truly cinematic choice. Cinema may challenge traditional ideas of art, but its opposition to the decorative represents a long-standing Western aesthetic bias against feminine cosmetics, Oriental effeminacy, and primitive ornament. Inheriting this patriarchal, colonial perspectivewhich treats decorative style as foreign or sexually perversefilmmakers, critics, and theorists have often denigrated colorful, picturesque, and richly patterned visions in cinema. Condemning the exclusion of the "pretty" from masculine film culture, Rosalind Galt reevaluates received ideas about the decorative impulse from early film criticism to classical and postclassical film theory. The pretty embodies lush visuality, dense mise-en-scne, painterly framing, and arabesque camera movements-styles increasingly central to world cinema. From European art cinema to the films of Wong Kar-wai and Santosh Sivan, from the experimental films of Derek Jarman to the popular pleasures of Moulin Rouge!, the pretty is a vital element of contemporary cinema, communicating distinct sexual and political identities. Inverting the logic of anti-pretty thought, Galt firmly establishes the decorative image as a queer aesthetic, uniquely able to figure cinema's perverse pleasures and cross-cultural encounters. Creating her own critical tapestry from perspectives in art theory, film theory, and philosophy, Galt reclaims prettiness as a radically transgressive style, shimmering with threads of political agency.
A theory of sharecropping: the role of price behavior and imperfect competition

This paper proposes a theory of sharecropping on the basis of price behavior in agriculture and imperfectly competitive nature of rural product markets. First we show the superiority of sharecropping over fixed rental contracts in a benchmark landlord–tenant model with seasonal variation of price, where the tenant receives a low price for his output while the landlord can sell his output at a higher price. Then we consider more general interlinked contracts to show that there are multiple optimal contracts. Finally we incorporate imperfect competition in the product market by assuming that a third agent (called the ɛ-agent) may emerge to compete with the landlord as a buyer of the tenant's output. It is shown that (i) the presence of this competing agent generates a Pareto-improving subset of share contracts out of the multiple contracts and (ii) the unique contract that is robust to the emergence of the ɛ-agent results in sharecropping.
The Winona LaDuke Reader: A Collection of Essential Writings

For more than twenty years, Winona LaDuke has impressed people around the world with her oratory and debate skills and as an advocate for Native American rights, champion of women's and children's issues, protector of the environment, and as a leading voice of the Green Party. A charismatic and inspiring speaker and writer, LaDuke possesses a stirring passion that comes through in the 30 speeches, articles, and fiction excerpts compiled in The Winona LaDuke Reader. This is the first collection of the many political speeches and "think-pieces" that she has written for magazines such as Sierra, Smithsonian's American Indian, and more.
Thomas Church: defining styles — the early years

The compact and close-knit design community of the San Francisco Bay Area allowed Thomas D. Church to establish long-lasting relationships with several architects; his social skills and design talent made him the landscape architect of choice for residential projects throughout the 1930S and 1940s. Although designers like Garrett Eckbo, Dan Kiley and James Rose had advertised their theories for a new landscape in Pencil Points and Architectural Record from the rnid-1930S onward, consensus had established Church as the natural father of modern Californian garden design. In 1945, it was stated that:
The Employee Clientele of Corporate Leverage : Evidence from Personal Labor Income Diversification

Using employee job-level data, we empirically test the equilibrium matching between a firm’s debt usage and its employee job risk aversion (“clientele effect”), as predicted by the existing theories. We measure job risk aversion for a firm’s employees using their labor income concentration in the firm, calculated as the fraction of the employees’ total personal labor income or total household labor income that is accounted for by their income from this particular firm. Using a sample of about 1,400 U.S. public firms from 1990-2008, we find a robust negative relation between leverage and employee job risk aversion, which is consistent with the clientele effect. Specifically, when a firm’s existing employees have higher labor income concentration in it, the firm tends to have lower leverage, and this association is more pronounced for firms with higher labor intensity and those in financial distress. Our results are robust to the inclusion of firm fixed effects and managerial risk attitudes and continue to hold when we only examine full-time workers or consider the industry correlation of the multiple jobs. For identification, we make use of the quasi-natural experiment of California Paid Family Leave Legislation (CA-PFL) and adopt a difference-in-differences analysis. Finally, in terms of new hires, we find that firms with lower leverage are more likely to recruit employees with less alternative labor income.
Preoperative evaluation of patients with liver disease

Patients with end-stage liver disease often undergo surgery for indications other than liver transplantation. These patients have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality that is related to their underlying liver disease. Assessments of surgical risk provide a basis for discussion of risks and benefits, treatment decision making, and for optimal management of patients for whom surgery is planned. The most useful indicators of surgical risk are indices that predict advanced disease, such as the Child–Turcotte–Pugh score, or those that predict prognosis, such as the Model for End-stage Liver Disease score. Careful preoperative risk assessment, patient selection, and management of various manifestations of advanced disease might decrease morbidity and mortality from nontransplant surgery in patients with liver disease.