nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering 2020: Preparing for future

Taking into account the new era in engineering education the Engineering Education Research Team of COPEC - Science and Education Research Council has designed a program for an engineering school which main goal is to prepare engineers for the future work market, the engineer for future. The program has been designed in details in according to the present labor market for engineers, with its particular characteristics and with a need of engineers that is growing. The success of the program depends on the ability to inspire the students showing engineering as an exciting career, a personal upward path, and a way to affect local social and economic well-being. The implementation of the program is for 2012. The goal of this work is to show the engineering program developed with the objective to train engineers to enter and remain in the future labor market.
Strategic Cost Management Practices Adopted by Segments of Brazilian Agribusiness

The perception that the globalization event creates an increasingly fierce competition between companies is already known by managers and customers (Shank & Govindarajan, 1997). Like in the other segments, in agribusiness the tougher competition has been one of the inducing vectors, among others, in the search for more effectiveness and efficiency in the use of resources, as a way of ensuring business continuity.
Work‐life balance in times of economic crisis and austerity

The purpose of this editorial is to provide an overview of the wider debates concerning the evolution of work‐life balance practice and policy since the onset of the “Great Recession” of 2008 and to draw out some comparisons of the issues raised by the papers in the special issue by focusing particularly on the example of the UK.Design/methodology/approach – The editorial analyses how the direction and pace of changes in work‐life balance practice and policy varies between different national contexts and welfare regimes and also asks whether, within the same national context, the changes taking place are always consistent. The special issue draws together an international overview of work‐life balance measures which focuses particularly on measures for fathers, an EU‐wide analysis of the use of flexible employment and its relationship with work‐family conflict and a number of specific country case studies from Southern Europe where recession has been particularly severe (Spain and Ital...
Theories of Personality

Appropriate for undergraduate-level courses in Personality and Personality Theory. Successfully classroom tested, this revised examination introduces the reader to the principal theories of the field which are of greatest current importance to the understanding of personality, including a thorough treatment of cognitive theory. The authors clearly present each theory and explore the research, applications, and evaluations that stem from it. The volume's first chapter reveals the structure of theory, ways of comprehending and evaluating theories, and the major issues facing all personality theories. The final chapter gives a comparative analysis and overall evaluation of the various theories and discusses the future of personality theory."
Association between gastrointestinal events and persistence with osteoporosis therapy: analysis of administrative claims of a U.S. managed care population.

A large proportion of patients do not persist with osteoporosis (OP) therapy. Gastrointestinal (GI) events (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux disease and nausea/vomiting) are common among OP patients receiving OP therapy and may impact persistence with treatment.



To examine the association of GI events and persistence with OP therapy.



Using a large U.S. administrative claims database, we studied women aged ≥ 55 years who received oral bisphosphonate (BIS) as their first OP therapy from 2002-2009. The index date was the first pharmacy claim date recorded for oral BIS therapy; the baseline period was 12 months pre-index, and follow-up was 12 months post-index. Patients were considered persistent with therapy if they had continuous refills of the index drug class without additional drug therapy from a different drug class from the index date until the end of the follow-up period with no gaps in supply greater than 45 days. Discontinuation was defined as the first gap greater than 45 days during which there was no evidence of refills of OP medication. The association between post-treatment GI events and the risk of discontinuation or switching was modeled with Cox regression stratified by presence of baseline GI events and adjusted for baseline clinical and demographic characteristics.



Of the 75,593 women who met eligibility criteria, 59.9% discontinued BIS; 39.3% were persistent; and 0.5% switched to non-BIS. GI events were diagnosed in 20,073 patients (26.6%) during baseline and in 21,142 (28.0%) in the post-treatment period (12-month follow-up post-index). Patients with post-treatment GI diagnosis were 35.6% more likely to discontinue or switch treatment (HR = 1.356, 95% CI = 1.318-1.396) during the 12-month follow-up compared with those without post-treatment GI diagnosis. GI events that occurred closer to treatment discontinuation or switching were associated with a greater risk of discontinuation or switching: 37.9% (HR = 1.379, 95% CI = 1.338-1.421) for GI events within 6 months of discontinuation or switching and 45.6% (HR = 1.456, 95% CI = 1.408-1.505) for GI events within 3 months of discontinuation or switching.



Among women aged 55 years or older in a U.S. managed care population, post-treatment GI events were associated with a higher risk of discontinuation of oral BIS or switching to non-BIS.
Medicine on British television: A content analysis

Fifty-four British television programs on medical topics were viewed and analyzed during a four-month period in the winter of 1988–89. Medical programs of a nonfictional, nondramatic variety were represented on all four channels of British television with 75% appearing on the BBC. The primary format was that of a documentary; most offerings were during peak television viewing hours and were 30–50 minutes in length. Principal settings were within the realm of clinical medicine or health care delivery. The location of filming was in hospitals rather than outpatient areas. Doctors were presented as experts, but general practitioners were infrequently represented. The health care team was generally treated in a sympathetic manner. Psychiatric/behavioral and neurologic topics appeared frequently, with common medical problems and preventive medicine rarely emphasized.
On shielding of nuclear electric dipole moments in atoms

We demonstrate explicitly that some recent calculations of atomic electric dipole moments (EDM) are incomplete. A contribution overlooked therein is pointed out. When included, it cancels exactly the result of those calculations, and thus restores the standard conclusions for nuclear EDM in atoms. The existence of EDMs of elementary particles, nuclei, and atoms is forbidden by CP invariance. The predictions of the standard model of electroweak interactions for these EDMs are at least six orders of magnitude below the present experimental bounds. It makes experimental searches for EDMs, even at present level of accuracy, extremely sensitive to possible new physics beyond the standard model.
Rosa Luxemburg and the Critique of Political Economy, edited by Riccardo Bellofiore, London: Routledge, 2009

This review-essay discusses the contributions to Ricardo Bellofiore’s book Rosa Luxemburg and the Critique of Political Economy in their respective historical and theoretical contexts. A key goal of the book is to establish Luxemburg’s work as a ‘macro-monetary class approach’, which means linking an economic outlook on effective demand and finance with a political focus on class-struggles in the domestic and international arenas. This approach marks a significant, and positive, departure from widespread interpretations that separate Luxemburg’s political theory from her economic theory. Given the apparent limits of neoliberal globalisation it is also a very timely approach that can help us to understand the current conjuncture of economic and political crises. Bellofiore’s book offers a useful framework for such analysis but focuses much more on economic theory than on politics and the historical developments of global capitalism. To fully exploit the potential of Luxemburg’s political economy, complementary work on these latter two aspects has to be done.
Datatype-Generic Termination Proofs

Datatype-generic programs are programs that are parameterised by a datatype. We review the allegorical foundations of a methodology of designing datatype-generic programs. The notion of F-reductivity, where F parametrises a datatype, is reviewed and a number of its properties are presented. The properties are used to give concise, effective proofs of termination of a number of datatype-generic programming schemas. The paper concludes with a concise proof of the well-foundedness of a datatype-generic occurs-in relation.
Investigation of structure and electrical hysteresis in functional materials

This thesis addresses issues regarding structure and electrical hysteresis in two functional materials; the semiconductor CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , which is the prototypical material used in lead-halide perovskite solar cells, and the magnetic multiferroic CuFeO 2 . Thin film CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 is characterised by electrical hysteresis loop measurements which show that the current-voltage hysteresis observed in lead-halide perovskite solar cells cannot be attributed to a ferroelectric nature of the material but instead indicate a conductive hysteretic mechanism. This is further investigated through dielectric spectroscopy of crystals of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 , which reveal dispersive, thermally activated hopping conduction due to ionic vacancy conduction. The low activation energies reveal that ionic vacancy migration is the likely underlying mechanism of current-voltage hysteresis. The structural details of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 are investigated by X-ray and neutron scattering. X-ray diffraction gives no indication of a polar crystal structure at room temperature and the extent of symmetry twinning is characterised. Quasielastic neutron scattering on crystals of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 is used to study the rotational dynamics of the CH 3 NH 3 molecule, resolved in q -space. This reveals the highly isotropic nature of CH 3 NH 3 molecular reorientation throughout the tetragonal phase. In the multiferroic material CuFeO 2 , a ferroelectric polarisation memory effect is characterised through history-dependent pyrocurrent measurements. Uniaxial strain is applied to control the magneto-structural domain population, however the polarisation memory is found to only depend on the magnetic history of the material. Simulations of the magnetic domain wall spin structures by Monte Carlo methods predict the existence of helical domain walls in the magnetic ground state. It is proposed that these helical domain walls can act to store information on the helical state of the ferroelectric phase, thus accounting for the observed memory effects.
Human Right to Peace, Security and Prosperity: The Buddhist Perspective, The

An important aspect omitted, though implied, when Fundamental Human Rights were identified for universal acceptance half a century ago is the basic Human Right to Peace, Security and Prosperity. Even as violence gains ground and terrorism ascends to be the most daunting danger facing humanity, the importance of transforming the prevailing culture of armed conflict and multiple forms of violence to a culture of peace, tolerance and understanding becomes patent. 
 
This paper commences with a brief overview of mechanisms in force and efforts made in different quarters to ensure peace, security and prosperity to every human being. It then proceeds to look for inspiration, insights and guidance, which the teachings of the Buddha and twenty-six centuries of Buddhist history can give us. 
 
The Buddha’s most eloquently and comprehensively expressed views are examined along with his active interventions in conflict prevention and resolution. The Buddha’s absolute path to peace is undoubtedly his unequivocal soteriological or salvific message of self-cultivation and mental perfection leading to the ultimate goal of peace and happiness in Nibbana – the end of suffering. But the Buddha was also conscious of the need of humanity for peace, security and prosperity here and now in this world. 
 
How the traditional Buddhist ideals, wisdom and values continue to apply to this modern age is further illustrated with copious quotes from Grand Master Hsing Yun’s insights on peace and equality. 
 
The conclusion of this analysis is that the Buddhist perspective so expressed is not only relevant but also most urgently needed as a corrective to current international and national efforts to ensure peace, security and prosperity through socioeconomic, educational, spiritual, moral and cultural regeneration of humanity.
Unemployment persistence and loss of productive capacity: A Keynesian approach

Empirical evidence suggests that the European unemployment problem is somehow connected with a capital shortage. The paper introduces a Keynesian model to deal with this issue. In this model the rate of capacity utilization plays a central role in two simultaneously operating mechanisms thus exhibiting hysteresis: price adjustment and capital accumulation. The implications for employment and unemployment are discussed. It is demonstrated that equilibrium unemployment may be caused by adverse demand shocks.
The impact of intellectual capital on companies' market value and financial performance

Intellectual capital determines growth potential, affects above average returns, and is a source of competitive advantage for firms in an information economy. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between the intellectual capital and market and financial performance of companies listed on Belgrade Stock Exchange (BELEX) in Serbia. The research sample consisted of 42 enterprises that made BELEXline index. The period of the research covered five years (2010-2014). Two research hypotheses were tested and partially confirmed: the impact of the intellectual capital of Serbian listed firms on their market performance and on their financial performance. According to research results, human capital and physical capital positively affect market performance of companies. When analyzing financial performance, human capital significantly affects return on equity and return on assets, whereas structural capital affects neither market nor financial performance, except in the case of employee productivity. On the other hand, physical and financial capital of companies are less important for employee productivity, unlike the human and structural capital.
Zeolite Facies Metamorphism of Sandstone in the Western Olympic Peninsula, Washington

Authigenic laumontite is extensively developed in sandstone beds of Eocene to Miocene age exposed in the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington. In these rocks, laumontite primarily replaces calcic plagioclase, but it also forms cement and fills veins. Degree of alteration varies locally, depending primarily on the presence of calcareous cements, but also on porosity and grain size. Metamorphic grade increases eastward toward the core of the Olympic uplift and passes, apparently gradationally, into the prehnite-pumpellyite facies. Similar alteration reactions should be anticipated in other deeply buried clastic sequences in the Oregon and Washington Coast Ranges.
Russian-Iranian Relations: Outlook for Cooperation with the Axis of Evil

The Iranian government has been repeated criticized by the international community for the position it has taken in pursuit of nuclear technology. While many nations in the international community have warned Iran not to pursue such a course, Russia surprisingly has not. In fact, it has done just the opposite. Russia has openly admitted to supplying Iran with the technical capability to build a nuclear reactor and is one of Iran’s staunchest advocates in its quest to pursue such a course.[1] In doing so, Russia has blatantly ignored warnings by the international community with full knowledge that its actions could lead to damaged relations. This leads one to question Russia’s basic motives for doing so. Why has Russia defied international pressure and taken such an ardent stance in support of a “nuclear” Iran? Second, what does Russia stand to gain by maintaining relations with Iran? Third, what is the likelihood that Russia will curtail its relations with Iran as a way of appeasing the international community?
Big Business and Management: Too Many Bosses and Too Much Pay?

The mainstream or neoclassical economics view that labor is rewarded according to its productivity has been extended to managers and management teams as justification for the levels of compensation that they receive. Additionally, the management concept of “span of management” or “span of control” has been used to explain the total number of and per employee number of managers in any organization along with the assumption that the appropriate span of management is where the marginal productivity of the last manager employed should equal his/her marginal cost, or wage. On the other hand, Marxists and institutionalists hold different views of the roles and purposes of managers within organizations and attempt to explain these through either the view of managers exploiting workers on behalf of owners or the view of managers exploiting both workers and owners in order to advance their own agenda. This research note examines managerial compensation and intensity from both traditional/mainstream and alternative views by focusing on measures of managerial salaries, employee productivity, return on owners’ equity, return on assets, and rates of worker exploitation.
High Level Synthesis for Symmetric Key Cryptography

Classification of the major cryptographic functions on the basis of their under-lying basic computational elements yields simplicity and scalability in the design of cryptographic embedded systems. Especially, it benefits their high level synthesis, with performance as good as the hand crafted designs. This chapter discusses the various steps in the HLS tool for block ciphers (called RunFein) and stream ciphers (called RunStream). Several design points in the scope of architectural customizations available to the HLS tool are elaborated. A thorough benchmarking to compare against the hand crafted solutions reveals their performance to be at-par with hand-optimized HDL implementations. The results can be accessed as [1, 2, 3].
Law, Corporate Governance, and Corporate Scandal in an Emerging Economy: Insights from China

There is an astonishingly high incidence of scandal among firms in the Chinese emerging market. This paper empirically examines whether certain corporate governance mechanisms are related to the probability of a firm being associated with corporate scandal. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms convicted for fraud, we find that firm ownership is related to the probability of a firm committing fraud, whereas other corporate governance characteristics such as board size, board independence, and institutional ownership are not. These findings suggest that in general governance mechanisms have not helped avoid serious corporate scandals in China. Further analysis indicates that the level of development of a country's legal system is related to the probability of a firm committing fraud. Together, our results suggest that without effective legal enforcement, corporate governance mechanisms will not be able to protect minority shareholders and facilitate stock market development in emerging markets.
Better Answers to Real Questions

We consider existential problems over the reals. Extended quantifier elimination generalizes the concept of regular quantifier elimination by providing in addition answers, which are descriptions of possible assignments for the quantified variables. Implementations of extended quantifier elimination for the quadratic case via virtual substitution have been successfully applied to various problems in science and engineering. So far, the answers produced by these implementations included infinitesimal and infinite numbers, which are hard to interpret in practice. We introduce here a post-processing procedure to convert, for fixed parameters, all answers into standard real numbers. The relevance of our procedure is demonstrated by application of our implementation to various examples from the literature, where it significantly improves the quality of the results.
Proof theory for locally finite many-valued logics: Semi-projective logics

We extend the methodology in Baaz and Fermüller (1999) [5] to systematically construct analytic calculi for semi-projective logics-a large family of (propositional) locally finite many-valued logics. Our calculi, defined in the framework of sequents of relations, are proof search oriented and can be used to settle the computational complexity of the formalized logics. As a case study we derive sequent calculi of relations for Nilpotent Minimum logic and for Hajek's Basic Logic extended with the  see text]-contraction axiom (. The introduced calculi are used to prove that the decidability problem in these logics is Co-NP complete.
Mechanical, thermomechanical, and thermal properties of polystyrene crosslinked with a multifunctional zirconium oxo cluster

Inorganic–organic hybrid materials were prepared by free radical polymerization of styrene in the presence of varying amounts of the cluster Zr6O4(OH)4 (methacrylate)12. Stepwise polymerization allowed the preparation of bubble- and crack-free, transparent bulk samples on a 30 g scale with dimensions required for mechanical testing. Small-angle X-ray scattering investigations and transmission electron micrographs revealed that the clusters formed randomly distributed aggregates of random size. Solvent uptake in swelling experiments was related to the cluster proportion. Storage moduli in the glassy state were slightly increased when compared with neat polystyrene, but pronounced plateau moduli were observed above the glass transition temperature, which correlated to the cluster proportion. Plateau moduli were used to calculate network parameters such as network density. Onset temperatures of thermal decomposition and the glass transition temperatures of the cluster-crosslinked polymers were higher than that of neat polystyrene. Thermal expansion coefficients were unaffected in the glassy state, but were gradually reduced above the glass transition temperature with increasing cluster proportion. Both the tensile moduli at room temperature and the yield points increased when polystyrene was doped with the cluster. The strain hardening moduli, as determined in compression tests at large deformations, increased linearly with the cluster proportion.
Feynman integrals and motives

This article gives an overview of recent results on the relation between quantum 
field theory and motives, with an emphasis on two different approaches: a “bottom-up” 
approach based on the algebraic geometry of varieties associated to Feynman graphs, and 
a “top-down” approach based on the comparison of the properties of associated categorical 
structures. This survey is mostly based on joint work of the author with Paolo Aluffi, along 
the lines of the first approach, and on previous work of the author with Alain Connes on 
the second approach.