nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Paleomagnetic evidence in support of a middle Proterozoic (Helikian) collision between North America and Gondwanaland as a cause of the metamorphism and deformation in the Adirondacks: Summary

Two of the great puzzels in Adirondack geology are (1) what caused the high pressures indicated by experimental studies of mineral assemblages that characterize Precambrian rocks there, and (2) what caused enormous nappes (large folds with subhorizontal axial surfaces) to develop in these rocks. Studies of pyroxenes from the Mount Marcy area indicate that the Precambrian units of the Highlands were subjected to pressures of 7 to 10 kbar (Whitney-and McLelland, 1973; Jaffee and others, 1978; Boone and others, 1978; Bohlen and Essene, 1978). Furthermore, pressures of 5 to 7 kbar have been proposed for the supracrustal rocks of the lowlands (Bohlen and Essene, 1978). Nappes up to 80 km in amplitude with a coherent “stratigraphy” have been mapped in the southern Adirondacks (McLelland, 1977), and large nappes have been postulated elsewhere in the Adirondacks (de Waard, 1967; Romey and others, 1978, 1979). Dewey and Burke (1973) proposed that the Grenville Province (of which the Adirondacks form a part) resulted from a collision of two continents about 1,000 m.y. ago and that one of these continents thickened as a result of lateral compression. They proposed that the collisional suture lies to the southeast of the present exposures of Grenville basement. Deep erosion of a thickened continent could explain how rocks once subjected to the extreme pressures inferred for the Precambrian rocks of the Adirondacks could be exposed at the Earth9s surface. However, it is difficult to explain the origin of the large nappes with this model. Simple lateral compression will tend to produce folds with steeply inclined rather than subhorizontal axial sufaces, because axial surfaces tend to develop perpendicular to the maximum principal stress.
A distributed approach for access and visibility task under ergonomic constraints with a manikin in a virtual reality environment

This paper presents a new method, based on a multiagent system and on digital mock-up technology, to assess an efficient path planner for a manikin for access and visibility task under ergonomic constraints. In order to solve this problem, the human operator is integrated in the process optimization to contribute to a global perception of the environment. This operator cooperates, in real-time, with several automatic local elementary agents. The result of this work validates solutions brought by digital mock-up and that can be applied to simulate maintenance task.
Equal recognition, consolidation or familiarization? The language rights debate in the context of the minority of Western Thrace in Greece

A number of theorists have tried to determine how liberal states should respond to the language recognition claims made by minority groups. Liberal multiculturalists defend the ‘equal recognition’ of minority and majority languages, liberal neutralists advance the ‘consolidation’ of a single unified language, and democratic liberals argue for ‘familiarization’ of the majority and the minority population as the fairest response to the groups’ claim. In this article, I illustrate and test these responses with the case of the Muslim minority of Western Thrace, a group that has resided in Greece since Ottoman times and has been the subject of competitive Greek and Turkish relations. Contextual analysis in this article will show that when minority groups are part of antagonistic interstate relations, a priori individual and collective rights approaches cannot ensure that their members are treated fairly. I argue that familiarization of linguistically diverse group members provides the fairest response to the c...
CHENG Yuqi Academicians and Luxi Precambrian Geological Research

The division of Yanlingguan group,Shancaoyu group and Liuhang group in Taishan formation has been determined by CHENG Yuqi academician.Residual amygdaloidl structure and rock flow characteristics have been found in amphibolite,and meta-basic lava flow,meta-volcanic tuffaceous rocks and meta-basic veins have been correctly distinguished.Bearing biotite plagioclase gneiss in original Huamawan group is banded tonalite gneiss in early Archean period.Pb zircon age of gneissic trondhjemite in anticline of Fushan mountain is(2612±20) Ma.Plagioclase amphibolites with vesicular filling structure belongs to Yanlingguan formation;while SHRIMP U-Pb age of the youngest fragements in gravel-bearing biotite leptynite in the core of Lijiazhuang inverted oblique in Liuhang group is(2524±7) Ma.
Value Creation by Automation and Robotics in Construction: An Introduction

In the decades to come, building production will concentrate in the metropolitan centres of the world due to the migration of the world’s population to the major cities. An improvement of the construction process in densely populated inner cities will be the task of the future. This focuses on performance management, construction engineering and construction management. New developments being discussed in this field are new design strategies, human machine technologies, employee safety, progress monitoring, distributed production information and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs).
The Impact of Political Variables on Budgets and Social Outcomes in a Context of Decentralization: The Case of Colombia

We examine the case of decentralization in Colombia in order to explore its effects on poverty indicators, and on public sector responsiveness to real local demands. We first summarize economic data on the effects of decentralization. Colombian municipalities increased investment significantly as decentralization deepened, while running costs fell. Investment shifted from economic production and infrastructure to social services and human capital formation. We then explore the determinants of local public investment via a series of econometric models. Political and electoral variables prove to be decisively important.
Petrology of Late Precambrian-Cambrian Quartzose Sandstones in the Eastern Mojave Desert, Southeastern California

Petrographic and radiographic analyses were conducted on oriented samples of Late Precambrian-Cambrian quartzose sandstones collected from five cratonal and five miogeoclinal stratigraphic sections in the eastern Mojave Desert, southeastern California. Twelve petrographic variables were measured in each of 494 samples. Cratonal sandstones are dominantly subarkose, whereas miogeoclinal sandstones are subarkose and quartzarenite in almost equal proportions. Sediments were derived chiefly from granitic rocks, gneiss, and schist as well as older sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. The cratonal source areas were to the east and southeast. Samples collected from six northern sections within the Cordilleran frontal thrust belt have a higher content of undulatory quartz and silica cement and are partially recrystallized when compared with samples from four southern sections. Polynomial time-trend analysis showed considerable variation in mineral composition with thickness at each stratigraphic section. Areal variation of total quartz was estimated from analysis of variance models. The difference was not highly significant for the Stirling Quartzite. Depositional history was inferred for each formation on the basis of petrography, clasticity and sedimentary structures. The Johnnie Formation fines upward, which suggests a marine transgression or change from open to partially restricted shelf environments. The Stirling Quartzite coarsens upward and consists largely of prograding mature shelf sands or deposits of migrating bars and barrier beaches. The Wood Canyon Formation is dominantly subtidal with local evidence for intertidal deposition.
Self-reported cognitive impairment after breast cancer treatment in young women from the ELIPPSE40 cohort: the long-term impact of chemotherapy.

Cognitive impairment (CI) is common after cancer treatments, but little is known about the long-term evolution of CI, especially in premenopausal women. Since September 2005, all consecutive women included in the French National Health Insurance Fund registry with a diagnosis of primary breast cancer, aged 18-40 years and living in South Eastern France, were asked to participate in a cohort study, including telephone interviews, medical data, and prescription refills of psychotropic drugs and adjuvant endocrine therapy. At each interview, CI is defined as self-report of frequent memory loss and attention deficits. As of February 2010, 222 women with available medical data had taken part in the 10-, 16-, and 28-month telephone interviews, with CI being reported by 37.4%, 36.5%, and 42.3% of participants, respectively. Tranquilizers' dispensation was associated with CI self-report at all three interviews; chemotherapy was reported only at the 28-month interview. At 28 months, besides chemotherapy and tranquilizer's dispensation, having a low educational level and not being a native French woman were also independently associated with CI. Reports of CI were common in young women and primarily related to psycho-social vulnerabilities and cancer treatment. As they affect quality of life, long-term CI complaints deserve greater consideration.
Microwave-hydrothermal preparation of alkaline-earth-metal tungstates

Microwave-hydrothermal processing was employed to synthesize nanostructured alkaline-earth-metal tungstate compounds in environmentally friendly conditions not yet found in the literature: 110 °C for times ranging from 5 to 20 min. X-ray diffraction showed that crystalline, single-phase materials were produced, while electron microscopy evidenced nanostructured particles with different morphologies. Raman spectroscopy was used to probe short-range ordering and also to obtain a reliable set of spectra containing all the Raman-active bands predicted by group-theory calculations. The Raman spectra showed no extra feature, indicating that our method gave well-ordered materials without important tetrahedral distortions. Sintered ceramics were submitted to polarized Raman scattering in parallel- and cross-polarized configurations. The Eg modes were totally evidenced in a cross-polarized configuration, while Ag and Bg modes appeared in the parallel arrangement, in complete agreement with the theoretical predictions. Photoluminescence measurements showed broad, complex emission bands, which varied from the blue to the red visible light regions. These results are related to shallow and deep defects into the band gap, through the presence of oxygen vacancies in the complex clusters with metal cations and tungsten atoms.
Twenty engineering principles for undergraduate mechatronics engineering students

A number of engineering principles are introduced to the students of undergraduate mechatronics courses that arm them with a valuable tool in design and problem solving. These twenty principles are first introduced to the students and then reinforced during various courses by the use of case studies and projects. Each of the twenty principles is reviewed and examples given where appropriate. An example of the study of a final year graduation project as a tool to illustrate and clarify one of the principles is also given. It is important that the principles become second nature to the students rather than something interesting they hear or read about or a set of points that they memorise. This is ensured by providing them with a large number of opportunities to apply the principles and understand the great benefit they provide in their engineering careers.
Physician Perspectives on Medical Home Recognition for Practice Transformation for Children.

To examine child-serving physicians' perspectives on motivations for and support for practices in seeking patient-centered medical home (PCMH) recognition, changes in practice infrastructure, and care processes before and after recognition, and perceived benefits and challenges of functioning as a PCMH for the children they serve, especially children with special health care needs.



Semistructured interviews with 20 pediatricians and family physicians at practices that achieved National Committee for Quality Assurance level 3 PCMH recognition before 2011. We coded notes and identified themes using an iterative process and pattern recognition analysis.



Physicians reported being motivated to seek PCMH recognition by a combination of altruistic and practical goals. Most said recognition acknowledged existing practice characteristics, but encouraged ongoing, and in some cases substantial, transformation. Although many physicians said recognition helped practices improve financial arrangements with payers and participate in quality initiatives, most physicians could not assess the specific benefits of recognition on patients' use of services or health outcomes. Challenges for practices in providing care for children included managing additional physician responsibilities, communicating with other providers and health systems, and building sustainable care coordination procedures.



PCMH recognition can be valuable to practices as a public acknowledgement to payers and patients that certain processes are in place, and can also catalyze new and continued transformation. Programs and policies seeking to transform primary care for children should leverage physicians' motivations and find mechanisms to build practices' capacity for care management systems and linkages with the medical neighborhood.
Relativistic SUSY QM as Deformed SUSY QM

The relativistic finite-difference SUSY Quantum Mechanics (QM) is developed. We show that it is connected in a natural way with the q-deformed SUSY Quantum Mechanics. Simple examples are given. The relativistic QM is based on Snyder’s idea of noncommutative space-time coordinates and the concept of relativistic configurational space. We refer the reader to the review papers [1-5], and the references therein. The natural connection of RQM with q-deformations is discussed in the articles [5, 6].
Kinetico-mechanistic Study on the Oxidation of Biologically Active Iron(II) Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Complexes by Air. Importance of NH···O2 Interactions As Established by Activation Volumes.

Air oxidation of methanolic solutions of biologically active tridentate pyridyl thiosemicarbazone (TSC) complexes of the general formula [FeII(TSC)2] has been studied at varying dioxygen concentrations, temperatures, and pressures. The data collected indicate that the activation entropy of the reaction increases linearly with the redox potential of the complexes in a more definite way than the activation enthalpy. However, a very distinct behavior is observed for the values of the activation volumes, which do not follow the expected entropy-volume parallel trend for all of the systems studied. The involvement of important interactions between the terminal NH groups of the coordinated TSC ligand and molecular dioxygen has been found to be significant by measurements carried out at varying hydrostatic pressures. Kinetic experiments run on analogous N-deuterated complexes confirm the importance of these noncovalent interactions, which are weaker for the less acidic ND groups. These interactions show the existence of an ordering/expansion process upon going from the reactants to the transition state, whenever an interaction between the polar terminal amino groups and dioxygen can be established.
Synthesising call sequences from OCL operational contracts

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is widely used by software engineers in different phases of software development cycle. It allows them to visualise and depict a system into different diagrams. Among these diagrams, UML class diagrams are used to capture the structure of a system including classes, attributes and associations. The set of operation calls defined in a UML class diagram then capture the behaviour of a system. These operation calls typically constrain the inputs and outputs via a set of pre or postconditions (operational contracts) written in Object Constraint Language (OCL). Hence, a sequence of operation calls conforming to pre or postconditions is crucial to analyse, verify and understand the behaviour of a system. In this paper, we propose a new technique for synthesising call sequences from a set of operational contracts. This technique works by reducing a synthesis problem to a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) problem. The preliminary results show that our technique is capable of synthesising call sequences at a large scale.
C. P. Steinmetz and E. F. W. Alexanderson: Creative engineering in a corporate setting

A Consulting Engineering Department was organized by the General Electric Company in 1910. It was designed to complement the General Electric Research Laboratory through a focus on creative engineering rather than basic science. The Department was conceived and directed during its early years by C. P. Steinmetz. It continued under the able leadership of a Steinmetz protegé, E. F. W. Alexanderson, until its identity was finally lost during a reorgnization in 1951. The Department produced numerous innovations in communications, electronics and power engineering, including a world radio system that provided the technological basis for a new corporation, the Radio corporation of America, founded in 1919. The history of the Department and the philosophy articulated by Steinmetz and Alexanderson are considered from the perspective of recent studies of the nature of science and technology and their interaction.
Medication adherence in successful kidney transplant recipients.

To explore the medication-taking behavior of successful kidney transplant recipients and determine what behaviors were common among this group.



Open-ended interviews were conducted by telephone with 19 individuals who had successfully maintained a transplanted kidney for 25 years or more. Data were coded by using a grounded theory approach to explore patterns of phenomena, common descriptions, and relationships.



Four themes emerged as participants described the behaviors they developed to adhere successfully to the immunosuppressive medication required for maintaining their transplanted kidneys. The themes were reminder methods, obtaining medications, maintaining routines, and problem-solving strategies. Kidney transplant recipients identified the importance of developing and maintaining medication-taking skills and routines on medication adherence. Problem-solving abilities were also valuable during times of disruption of normal routines.



Interventions focusing on medication-taking skills, habit formation, and resources for problem solving may improve immunosuppressive medication adherence and clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.
Phase changes during hygroscopic cycles of mixed organic/inorganic model systems of tropospheric aerosols.

A correct description of the aerosol's phases is required to determine its gas/particle partitioning, its reactivity and its water uptake and release. In this study, we investigate organic/electrolyte interactions of ammonium sulfate, nitrate and sodium chloride with substances containing carboxylic acids (COOH) and hydroxyl (OH) functional groups. As organic model compounds, we chose polyols with different OH/CHn (n = 0-3) ratios-namely, glycerol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,2-hexanediol-as well as PEG 400 and a mixture of dicarboxylic acids consisting of malic, malonic, maleic, glutaric, and methylsuccinic acid. Bulk solubility and water activity measurements of these model systems together with a survey of literature data showed that NaCl is a salting-out agent for alcohols and organic acids whereas ammonium nitrate and sulfate exhibited salting-in and salting-out tendencies depending on the nature and number of functional groups as well as on the concentration of the solution. All investigated salts induce a liquid-liquid phase separation in the 1,2-hexanediol/water system. Considering the composition of the tropospheric aerosol, such phase separations might indeed occur frequently when particles in the atmosphere are exposed to varying relative humidity. To complement the bulk experiments, we investigated single particles consisting of ammonium sulfate and dicarboxylic acids as well as of ammonium sulfate and PEG 400 in an electrodynamic balance. Whereas the relative humidities of total deliquescence as well as the water uptake and release of the fully deliquesced particles are in good agreement with the bulk results and represent thermodynamic equilibrium, the water uptake before full deliquescence shows significant deviations. These deviations may be caused by morphological effects.
Geography, institutions and urban development: Italian cities, 1300–1861

Recent studies have highlighted the role of geography and institutions as key determinants of urban development. In this paper, we test this hypothesis by considering the case of Italian cities over a very long time period, i.e., from 1300 to 1861. Our measure of development is the urban population, and we relate it to geographical and institutional variables at both city and regional level. We find that the quality of institutions as measured by the experience of free city-state and the presence of a university has a positive effect on urban development, whereas we could not find a robust impact of the quality of regional government. However, we also find that cities located in mountain areas grew less than cities located in lowlands, possibly with access to the sea. We interpret these results as evidence of the importance of urban institutions and geography in shaping urban development.
Internal Snd e-Sales Information Systems: Impact On Innovation And Business Performance In The Tourism Sector

The relation between information systems, innovation and business performance is a critical question for both researchers and practitioners. This paper provides an empirical investigation of this issue in the tourism sector by conducting an analysis of the relations between: I) the exploitation level of two widely adopted types of IS, namely internal and e-sales systems (first level); II) the extent of business innovation and benefits from ICT (second level); and III) business performance (third level). This study has been based on firm-level data from 2665 European tourism firms, which have been used for constructing a structural equation model (SEM) and estimating the interrelationship amongst these constructs. The model provided evidence of a positive impact of the exploitation level of both IS (internal and e-sales) on innovation, with the former being a stronger driver of innovation than the latter. The exploitation levels of the internal and e-sales IS were also found to have both a positive impact on the business benefits that the tourism firms achieve from their ICT infrastructures, which impact is also mediated by innovation; internal IS were found to have a higher impact on ICT business benefits than the e-sales IS. Furthermore, these ICT benefits and innovation (both directly and indirectly through the ICT benefits) were found to have an ultimate positive impact on business performance. Consequently, the findings suggest that tourism firms should combine the development of internal ICT and e-sales IS with innovation if they wish to get more IS driven business benefits and ultimately increase their business performance.