nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
From NAZI LITERATURE IN THE AMERICAS

Featuring several mass-murdering authors, two fraternal writers at the head of a football-hooligan ring and a poet who crafts his lines in the air with sky writing, Nazi Literature in the Americas details the lives of a rich cast of characters from one of the most extraordinarily fecund imaginations in world literature. Written with acerbic wit and virtuosic flair, this encyclopaedic cavalcade of fictional pan-American authors is the terrifyingly humorous and remarkably inventive masterpiece which made Bolano famous throughout the Spanish-speaking world. One of the most exhilarating, intense and dangerous voices to emerge from South America ...[Nazi Literature in the Americas] is a parade of delusional, mediocre, vicious and pitiable poetasters, a scabrous parlour game that reveals much about literature, power and complicity. Very funny indeed.' Scotland on Sunday The triumphant posthumous entrance of Roberto Bolano into the English-language literary firmament has been one of the sensations of the decade.' Sunday Times The best and weirdest kind of literary game ...This artful alternate history of modern literature, stitched together from loose ends, half-told stories and deft episodes of pastiche, is a strangely profound place to get lost. ' Financial Times
Commentary on Trevor Barnes's 2011 Roepke Lecture in Economic Geography

The article discusses the history of economic geography, with an emphasis on geographers Walter Christaller and Edward L. Ullman. It critiques the article "Notes From the Underground: Why the History of Economic Geography Matters: The Case of Central Place Theory" by Trevor J. Barnes. According to the author, Barnes' article does not fully explain the rise of theoretical quantitative geography. The author also critiques the role of theory in geographic scholarship.
Portraiture in Africa

A portrait depicts a specific person, and the idea of portraiture springs from a common impulse to remember and be remembered, whether the reasons are personal or political, ritual or social. The nature of portrayal differs from culture to culture, however, subject to concepts of individualism, the prevailing aesthetic, and a host of social or ritual beliefs particular to a given time period, people, or place.' Western culture emphasizes individual identity, Western art features representation, and the portrait canon stresses physiognomic likeness-notably, the communication of personality through facial features and expression. We do not know what John Harvard looked like, yet a quite realistic sculpted image bearing his name surveys Harvard Yard. In contrast, African culture emphasizes social identity, the African aesthetic is a generalizing one, and the portrait image is individuated by name and context. Thus such widely disparate visual configurations as Kurumba antelope headdresses (Roy 1987) and dressed houses  work as portraits in Africa alongside representational  and stylized  human images.2 Recognition of the portrait genre in Africa stems from the same interaction of situations and events that has expanded the range of African images now generally considered appropriate to study under the rubric "art"-notably developments in Western art since the late 1800s, field study in Africa by Euroamerican scholars, and the increasing participation of scholars from Africa in the academic disciplines concerned with material culture (Borgatti 1976a). The modern period in Western art is rich in examples of portraiture that convey personal identity without resorting to literal physical description-making them more like African portraits and making it easier for us to recognize comparable images in Africa. For example, reliance upon literary reference and indirection creates a conceptual and cross-cultural bond between such works as Charles Demuth's I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold , a symbolic portrait of William Carlos Williams that refers to his poetry (Aiken 1987), and Fon applique portraits  that draw upon the imagery of a proverb to sug2. COMMEMORATIVE MASK (OLIMI NIKEKE) REPRESENTING ZIBIRI ATEKPE'S FATHER, ATEKPE.  1978. OKPELLA, NORTHERN EDO, NIGERIA. ZIBIRI ATEKPE'S COMPOUND, OGIRIGA VILLAGE, 1979.  JEAN M. BORGATTI.
Assessing the Challenges and Opportunities for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Vietnamese Apparel Retail Market

Since the Vietnamese government implemented an economic renovation policy in 1986, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have tremendously contributed to a rapid growth in the country’s economy (Tran, Le, & Nguyen, 2008). Although SMEs play an important role in Vietnam’s apparel retail market, relatively little is known about Vietnam’s apparel retailing market environment and domestic Vietnamese apparel retailers’ dynamic business performance in the marketplace. Therefore, the present study aimed to extend an understanding of the competitive advantages of domestic Vietnamese small-sized apparel retail firms and examine their growth potential in Vietnam’s apparel retail marketplace. Rostow’s Stage of Growth Model (1960) and the VRIO framework (Barney, 1995) were used to frame the qualitative-dominant mixed methods approach. For this study, faceto-face interviews and a paper-based survey were conducted among a target sample including domestic Vietnamese small-sized apparel retail store owners who independently-owned and operated an apparel retailing store in Hochiminh City of Vietnam. To obtain candid responses from participants, closed-ended and open-ended responses in semi-structured questionnaire were used. The sample (n=13) for the present study was obtained using a snowball sampling technique. Open coding, constant comparison, and axial coding processes were used to analyze the data (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). For the qualitative phase, interpretive analyses revealed overarching themes, including (1) resources generated for domestic Vietnamese small business owners in the apparel retail market, (2) limited access to financial resources, (3) lack of reliable human resources, (4) need for further development of transportation infrastructure, (5) use of retail technology, (6) economic conditions’ influence on apparel consumption, and
Visualizing cells and their connectivity graphs for CompuCell3D

Developing models that simulate the behavior of different types of interacting biological cells can be a very time consuming and error prone task. CompuCell3D is an open source application that addresses this challenge. It provides interactive and customizable visualizations that help a user detect when a model is producing the desired behavior and when it is failing. It also allows for high quality image generation for publications and presentations. CompuCell3D uses the Python programming language which allows for easy extensions. Examples are provided for performing graph analyses of cell connectivity.
Protreptic aspects of aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics

In order to reach the fullest understanding of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, we would do well not only to study the details of his argumentation but also to appreciate the various purposes that these details serve. Aristotle tries to inform his audience about his own ethical and social standpoint and how it is founded on arguments consistent with his wider philosophical commitments; but he also tries to motivate members of his audience to engage in their own philosophical inquiries, as applied not only to concrete moral and political questions but also to the most abstract and inapplicable forms of philosophy. We hope to show that the overall protreptic plan of Aristotle’s ethical writings is based on the plan he used in his published work Protrepticus (Exhortation to Philosophy), by highlighting those passages in his ethical writings that primarily offer hortatory or protreptic motivation rather than dialectical argumentation and analysis, and illustrating several ways that Aristotle’s ethical works adapt certain arguments and examples from his Protrepticus. We confine our attention in this contribution to the Nicomachean Ethics. The most explicit references to Aristotle's audience and his purpose in writing any of his ethical discourses are found in NE x. Early in the book, he writes this: “True arguments, then, seem to be the most useful, not only in the acquisition of knowledge, but in how we live. For since they are in harmony with the facts, they are believed, and for that reason they exhort (protrepontai) those who understand them to live in accordance with them” (1.1172b3-7). Toward the end of the book, however, he focuses on the qualification “those who understand them” rather more: “As things are, though they [sc. philosophical arguments] appear to have the power to influence and exhort (protrepsasthai) those young people who possess generosity of spirit, and perhaps to make susceptible to virtue character that is well bred and truly loves what is noble, they seem unable to exhort (protrepsasthai) the masses in the direction of what is noble and good” (9.1179b7-10, modified). For the majority of people, then, politics and laws are called for, not Ethics and philosophy.
Pricing for content in the internet

Pricing content defines a major challenge for tomorrow’s Internet, since existing models appear to be unworkable yielding very poor results. However, the provider of content, commercial ones as well as private persons, show in a commercialized world of interactive trade the clear need for content charging systems, which in particular are demanding for electronic content. Those systems generally are beyond the pure technical scope of a system and they go beyond the economic point of view as well. Only an integrated approach, fully understood in their details and technological-economic interactions, will provide the platform for future success. Although traditional manners of content charging will work in the Internet, such as credit card payments or paper bills, the set of constraints and technical possibilities has changed, e.g., a customized newspaper can be provided only electronically. This new approach for pricing content in the Internet needs to cover mechanisms for resource allocation, service fusion, payment schemes, valuation of content, pricing, charging for services and content, and a management system. Therefore, this position paper addresses some of those topics in more detail, which will find a refinement during the panel.
Language, law and history

This volume, the second of two, treats all versions of the "Scienza Nuova", together with Vico's writings on jurisprudence. It is argued here that Vico's account of The Hebrews is crucial for his entire theoretical outlook, and that he fuses a cyclical account of social decline with a reworking of Augustines' "two cities" employment of history. With its companion volume, the book has implications for current theoretical debates, and should be of interest to philosophers, theologians, cultural theorists, literary critics, and historians of ideas.
Statistical properties of compact group extensions of Hyperbolic flows and their time one maps

Recent work of Dolgopyat shows that 
"typical" hyperbolic flows exhibit rapid decay of correlations. 
Melbourne and Torok used this result to derive statistical 
limit laws such as the central limit theorem and the almost sure 
invariance principle for the time-one map of such flows. 
 
In this paper, we extend these results to equivariant observations 
on compact group extensions of hyperbolic flows and their time one 
maps.
Gravity anomalies, crustal structure and rift tectonics at the Konkan and Kerala basins, western continental margin of India

Litho-stratigraphic variation of sedimentary units constructed from seismic sections and gravity anomaly in the Konkan and Kerala basins of the western continental margin of India (WCMI) have been used to model processes such as lithospheric rifting mechanism, its strength, and evolution of flank uplift topography that led to the present-day Western Ghats escarpment. Based on the process-oriented approach, two lithospheric models (necking and magmatic underplating) of evolution of the margin were tested. Both, necking and underplating models suggest an effective elastic thickness (Te) of 5 km and 10 km along Konkan and Kerala basins, respectively and a deep level of necking at 20 km at both basins. Model study suggests that the necking model better explains the observed gravity anomalies in the southern part of the WCMI. A synthesis of these results along with the previously published elastic thickness estimates along the WCMI suggests that a low-to-intermediate strength lithosphere and a deeper level of necking explains the observed flank-uplift topography of the Western Ghats. Process-oriented gravity modelling further suggests that the lateral variations in the lithospheric strength, though not very significant, exist from north to south within a distance of 600 km in the Konkan and Kerala basins along the WCMI at the time of rifting. A comparison with previous Te estimates from coherence analysis along the WCMI indicates that the lithospheric strength did not change appreciably since the time of rifting and it is low both onshore and offshore having a range of 5–15 km.
Oxygen evolution from water catalyzed by mononuclear aquaruthenium complexes

[Ru(terpy)(bpy)(OH2)]2+ and its analogues were found to be highly active as catalysts toward water oxidation in the presence of Ce4+ as an oxidizing reagent in acidic aqueous media. These findings were considered as a significant breakthrough in this field because there had been a long belief that the four-electron process (i.e., 2H2O→O2+4H++4e−) is much more effectively accelerated by dinuclear or tetranuclear metal complexes. The kinetics of O2 evolution is investigated as a function of either the catalyst concentration or the oxidant concentration, revealing that these catalysts can be classified into two groups exhibiting different rate laws for O2 evolution. Moreover, the singlet biradical character of the hydroxocerium(IV) ion is realized, indicating that the radical coupling of the oxygen atoms of a RuV=O species and a hydroxocerium(IV) ion is the key step for the catalysis. Several important insights into the mechanism of oxygen evolution from water catalyzed by the mononuclear aquaruthenium complexes will also be discussed.
The sign value of accounting: IMF structural adjustment programs and African banking reform

This paper examines an IMF structural adjustment program and the role of accounting technologies and agents within that program. Focusing on banking sector reform in Nigeria, the paper shows how IMF attempts to remake economic life come up against formidable contextual challenges, and how accounting may or may not be taken up to confront those challenges. Specifically, it shows that even where accounting numbers are ‘managed’, the potential disciplinary power of accounting's system of signs remains, though again that power may not be exploited if those who are responsible for governing lack the necessary desire. The study's findings challenge two sets of understandings: that which sees the economy as somehow separate or distinct from the wider socio-political field, and that which sees crises such as occurred in Nigeria as simply resulting from inadequate or insufficient accounting regulations and controls.
The argumentational texture of transaction cost economics

The deconstruction method was used to analyze a seminal text in transaction cost economics, viz., Oliver Williamson's Economic Institutions of Capitalism. This deconstructive reading revealed that the assumption of opportunism that gives rise to the problem of economic organization as formulated by William son also tends to undermine the proposed solution to this problem. The plausi bility of unified governance as a solution to the problem of opportunism in transaction relations with asset specificity is shown to hinge on the temporary deferment of the assumption of opportunism. Thus, transaction cost economics finds itself in an impasse of thought: actors have to be assumed to be both opportunistic and not-opportunistic if the logic of the theory is to be main tained.
Tailoring shear banding behaviors in high entropy bulk metallic glass by minor Sn addition: A nanoindentation study

The present work investigated systematically the glass forming ability, the mechanical properties and the shear deformation of the TiZrHfCuBe high entropy bulk metallic glass (HE-BMG) with minor Sn addition. The results revealed that the glass forming ability and the thermal stability are enhanced by minor Sn addition but within a rather limited composition range. A nanoindentation study of the mechanical response in the (TiZrHfCuBe) 1- x Sn x ( x  = 0, 1, 2 and 3 at. %) HE-BMGs showed that the structural heterogeneity caused by Sn addition resulted in higher hardness, larger number of shear bands and smaller size of shear transformation zone, ascribing to the positive enthalpy of mixing between the Sn and Cu/Be elements. A statistical analysis of the serrated flow revealed that the chemical heterogeneities promote a relatively large population of shear deformation units and lead to multiple nucleation of shear bands. The present work might has implications in establishing the link between minor element addition and structure heterogeneity, which is of critical importance for understanding of shear banding behaviors in BMGs.
OXIDATIVE ADDITION REACTIONS OF d8 COMPLEXES. I. CHLORINE OXIDATION OF TETRACHOLOROPALLADATE (II)

The reaction of Na2PdCl4 with chlorine in aqueous acid solution proceeds in two stages: oxidation of the complex to a Pd(IV) species followed by a slower substitution reaction. The oxidation reaction is first order in complex and first order in chlorine. At high chloride concentration, a six-coordinate palladium(II) intermediate is formed, which is oxidised via an outer-sphere type mechanism. Oxidation of the chloroaquopalladium(II) species present at low chloride concentration occurs via a different mechanism, probably involving coordination of the oxidant in a ‘quasiinner-sphere’ mechanism.
Axiomatizations of t-norm based logics – A survey

In fuzzy logic in wider sense, i.e. in the field of fuzzy sets applications, t-norms got a prominent rôle in recent times. In many-valued logic, the ŁUKASIEWICZ systems, the GÖDEL sytems, and also the product logic all are t-norm based systems. The present paper discusses the more general problem of the adequate axiomatizability for such t-norm based logical systems in general, surveying results of the last years. The main emphasis in the present paper is on propositional logic.
Putting it together: An electronic panel discussion among engineers and scientists elicits a call for a national computer network that spans disciplines

A national network should connect all scientists and engineers, spanning discipline boundaries not only between computer science and related fields such as integrated-circuit design or fabrication but also between physics, chemistry, and biology: this was the recommendation of a group of U.S. scientists and engineers discussing national priorities for next-generation computer research. This discussion, initiated by Spectrum, took place via electronic mail on the CSnet, a National Science Foundation-sponsored network connecting computer-science researchers.) ¿It is a scandal that it is not already in place,¿ said Nobel-prize-winning physicist Kenneth Wilson of Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y.
The Social Meaning of Money: "Special Monies"

Classic interpretations of the development of the modern world portray money as a key instrument in the rationalization of social life. Money is reductively defined as the ultimate objectifier, homogenizing all qualitative distrinctions into an abstract quantity. This paper shows the limits of such a purely utilitarian conception of "market money." A model of "special monies" is proposed to examine the extraeconomic, social basis of modern money. The article argues that, while money does indeed transform items, values, and sentiments into numerical cash equivalents, money itself is shaped in the process. Culture and social structure mark the quality of money by institutionalizing controls, restrictions, and districtions in the sources, uses, modes of allocation, and even the quantity of money. The changing social meaning and structure of domestic money, specifically married women's money in the United States, 1870-1930, are examined as an empirical case study of a special money.
The Magmtic Response of the Cenozoic Orogeny for the Southwest Tian Shan:A Case For Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks in Piqiang Basin,Xinjiang

Piqiang basin is a Cenozoic tectono-volcanic depression located in Southwest Tian Shan,Xinjiang,NW China.There are four volcanoes and some dykes in Piqiang basin,and several dykes are connected with volcanic necks.This paper studied these volcanic rocks with petrographic and geochemical analysis method.The results show that these volcanic rocks are the mantle-source partial melting products of primary magma and these are composed of tephrites,basanites and basalts,and display that these volcanic rocks are from intraplate orogenic setting,and they lack evident fractional crystallization trend.With volcanic rocks geochemical data of Tuyun basin,we discuss that trigger mechanism of magma ranges in Southwest Tien Shan,and suggest that regional lithosphere delamination is the important magmatic mechanism.
Aggregation operators based on indistinguishability operators

This article gives a new approach to aggregating assuming that there is an indistinguishability operator or similarity defined on the universe of discourse. The very simple idea is that when we want to aggregate two values a and b we are looking for a value l that is as similar to a as to b or, in a more logical language, the degrees of equivalence of l with a and b must coincide. Interesting aggregation operators on the unit interval are obtained from natural indistinguishability 
operators associated to t-norms that are ordinal sums.
Adorno and Schelling: How to ‘Turn Philosophical Thought Towards the Non-Identical’

This paper explores the relationship between Adorno and Schelling. It argues that Adorno resorted to Schellingian motifs (whether he acknowledged them or not, or acknowledged them only partially) to counteract the influence of Hegelian thought. In defending this thesis, I examine the various stages in the development of Adorno’s thought, beginning with two texts from the 1930s and concluding with Negative Dialectics and ‘Skoteinos’. This allows us to see that Adorno’s concern to discover a way of thinking that is capable of doing justice to the ‘non-identical’ was present throughout his philosophical career.
Mechanistic Study on the Reaction of Phenyldiazomethanes with Singlet Oxygen: Formation and Cycloreversion of 1,2,3,4-Dioxadiazole Intermediates

The formation of carbonyl oxides in the singlet oxygen (1O2) oxidation of phenyldiazomethanes 1 has been investigated mechanistically. Product ratios of N2/N2O, which are indicative of the selectivity in the carbonyl oxide/ketone formation, were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yields of carbonyl oxides were not affected by changing solvents but were significantly increased with the increasing electron-donating ability of substituents on diazomethanes. Rate constants for the quenching of 1O2 by 1 as determined by monitoring the emission of 1O2 at 1270 nm were also insensitive to solvents. These results suggest the predominant formation of 1,2,3,4-dioxadiazole intermediates by the cycloaddition of 1O2 to 1 followed by its cycloreversion, the selectivity of which is controlled by the relative stability of resulting carbonyl oxides. The formation of carbonyl oxides, observable from its transient absorption at ∼400 nm, was in good agreement with the decay of 1O2 within the exper...