nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The lack of private capital in the Finnish fashion ecosystem - A case study of Finnish fashion start-ups and investors

The Finnish fashion industry has not been able to produce competitive companies with strong global sales for decades. At the same time, neighboring countries Sweden and Denmark, with similar socio economic conditions than Finland, have been able to grow their fashion industry with many young brands. Although Finnish design in general is highly praised globally, and Helsinki was recently appointed as the World Design Capital, the lack of Finnish fashion in the international market is peculiar. A major reason for this odd situation is the lack of private money in the Finnish fashion ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to examine why the level of private investments in Finnish fashion industry is so scarce.  I selected a qualitative case study as the research method for this study. The empirical part of the thesis examines four Finnish fashion start-ups and four investors in the fashion industry. The focus is to explore how entrepreneurs and investors see a successful fashion start-up ought to be run, and what are the factors determining success in this industry. The cases in the study were examined using effectuation theory by Saras D. Sarasvathy to compare their decision making and thinking processes. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with the selected fashion entrepreneurs and private investors.  The findings of the study indicate that Finnish fashion entrepreneurs are more prone to using effectual logic in business practices. On the other hand, private investors were identified to prefer more causal logic in solving similar business problems. Main differences between the two parties of the study were entrepreneurs‟ considerably lesser amount of planning and budgeting, investors‟ more commercial mindset in target setting, and the conflicting views on usage of trend analyses and customer feedback. These key strategic differences may explain why the fashion startups and investors do not seem to find mutual understanding in investment deals in Finland.
What is Surrealistic about Bohm Trajectories

We discuss interferometers in Bohmian quantum mechanics. It is shown that, with the correct configuration space, Bohm trajectories in a which way interferometer are not surrealistic, but behaves exactly as common sense suggests. Some remarks about a way to generalize Bohmian mechanics to treat density matrix are also made. 
PACS: this http URL, 03.75.Dg 
 Bohm Trajectories, Which Way Interferometers,
Early Life Risk Factors That Contribute to Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that occurs in adults. The natural history of symptoms and risk factors that contribute to IBS may begin in childhood. The aim of this systematic review was to determine what early life factors contribute to the development of IBS in adolescents and adults.A computer-assisted search of the PubMed database from 1966 to 2007 was performed. The selection criteria were: (a) studies conducted in adolescents or adults with IBS that (b) investigate premorbid factors occurring specifically during the childhood period and are (c) associated with the outcomes of symptoms, quality of life, health-care utilization, and interferences with work or disability.Twenty-five articles met inclusion criteria. The studies were categorized into articles examining the persistence of childhood gastrointestinal symptoms into adulthood, affluent childhood socioeconomic status and adult IBS, infantile and childhood trauma associated with the development of adult IBS, and social learning of illness behavior as predictors of adult IBS.CONCLUSION:Pediatricians should be aware of potentially modifiable childhood risk factors and should consider interventions such as early symptom management of recurrent functional abdominal pain with cognitive therapies and parent education about social learning of illness behavior. Early treatment may have a long-term impact. Research examining the effect of affluent childhood socioeconomic status and early childhood trauma in the evolution of functional gastrointestinal disorders may help identify causative factors of IBS.
Risk Sharing and Transactions Costs: Evidence from Kenya's Mobile Money Revolution

We explore the impact of reduced transaction costs on risk sharing by estimating the effects of a mobile money innovation on consumption. In our panel sample, adoption of the innovation increased from 43 to 70 percent. We find that, while shocks reduce consumption by 7 percent for nonusers, the consumption of user households is unaffected. The mechanisms underlying these consumption effects are increases in remittances received and the diversity of senders. We report robustness checks supporting these results and use the four-fold expansion of the mobile money agent network as a source of exogenous variation in access to the innovation.
Cretaceous complexes of the frontal zone of the Moneron-Samarga Island arc: Geochemical data on the basalts from the deep borehole on Moneron Island, the Sea of Japan

The variations of petrogenic oxides and trace elements have been studied in the Cretaceous volcanic rocks recovered by a deep borehole from the depth interval of 1253–4011 m on Moneron Island. The volcanic section is subdivided into two complexes: the Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The rocks of the Early Cretaceous Complex occur below 1500 m. Chemically, they belong to low-potassium island arc tholeiites, and their trace element distribution suggests their formation in a suprasubduction mantle wedge under the influence of water fluids that were subsequently released from subducted sediments and oceanic plate during the dehydration of subducted sedimentary rocks and oceanic basalts and, finally, mainly from basalts. The Early Cretaceous basalts from the borehole are interpreted as ascribing to the frontal part of the Moneron-Samarga island arc system. The volcanic rocks of the Late Cretaceous Complex are situated at depths above 1500 m. They also were formed in a suprasubduction setting, but already within the East Sikhote-Alin continental-margin volcanic belt that was initiated after the accretion of the Moneron-Samarga island arc system to the Asian continent. The island-arc section of the Moneron borehole contains basaltic andesite dikes, which are geochemically comparable with the Early-Middle Miocene volcanic rocks of Southwestern Sakhalin.
Safety of Terbutaline for Treatment of Acute Severe Pediatric Asthma.

The use of continuous intravenous terbutaline treatment in severe asthma attacks has been hampered by the lack of well-powered clinical trials where effects of such treatment are described in detail. Here, we aimed to provide a descriptive report on the largest cohort of severe pediatric asthma patients treated with terbutaline.



The study was conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit in a large metropolitan tertiary care university hospital on 124 patients receiving terbutaline infusion. To stratify the effect of, and determine any age-related differences of, terbutaline, the patients were divided into 3 age groups (0-6 years, 7-12 years, and 13-18 years). Clinical response and the potential harmful effects of terbutaline infusion were determined.



There were significant reductions in systolic (varying between 86% and 93% of the baseline) and diastolic blood pressures (varying between 74% and 86% of the baseline level). However, the values returned to baseline level shortly after discontinuation of infusion. Terbutaline increased heart rates in all groups shortly after initiation (9%-13% above baseline), which returned to below baseline levels 1 hour after discontinuation. Serum potassium levels were also reduced in all patients compared to their baseline values after initiation of terbutaline infusion. However, none of the subjects required potassium replacement.



The results indicate that overall, terbutaline infusion was well tolerated without irreversible adverse effects of the treatment. Although hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances occurred, these were clinically easily managed and posed little risk in emergency department or pediatric intensive care unit.
Practical Private Regular Expression Matching

Regular expressions are a frequently used tool to search in large texts. They provide the ability to compare against a structured pattern that can match many text strings and are common to many applications, even programming languages. This paper extends the problem to the private two-party setting where one party has the text string and the other party has the regular expression. The privacy constraint is that neither party should learn about the input of the other party, i.e. the string or the regular expression, except the result of the computation which is wether the string matches the regular expression or not. Secure Multiparty Computation provides general algorithms for any such problem, but it has been recommended to develop special protocols for important cases that provide better performance using the domain knowledge of that problem. This paper presents two protocols: One with perfect secrecy that provides a lower-bound on protocols using circuit construction and a fast one that provides better performance bounds, but the secrecy it provides is limited and tuned for practical applications. The fast protocol presented here uses permutation and commutative encryption as its only building blocks.
Review of "The new playscript procedure: management tool for action by Matthies, Leslie H." Office Publications, Inc., Stamford, Conn., 1977, 192 pp., ISBN 0-911054-04-9

This paper describes an in-house programmer training scheme that produced competent, productive, and practical programmers while minimizing the time taken and the costs involved. It gives details of the curriculum, highlights the benefits achieved, and discusses our solutions to the problems encountered. In addition, it examines the policies necessary on the part of management and the implementors to ensure the success of such a scheme.
Corporate Political Power & Liberal Democratic Theory*

Some pluralists critical of corporate power, are inclined to reconsider aspects of democratic theory. "Neoconservatives," on the other hand, contend that, in terms of political power, American business has been losing ground during the last several decades. Professor Joseph urges a "structural approach" to the study of corporate political power implicit in the work of Charles Lindblom and in neo-Marxist analyses of the liberal-democratic state.
When is a metal not a metal?

Small clusters of naked (no ligand attached) atoms or single atoms are seen as the ultimate catalyst for achieving different types of hydrocarbon reactions (i.e. Fischer-Tropsch reactions) without catalyzing the production of undesirable materials. Recently published works aim at the production of single atoms or clusters of naked atoms, and the characterization of these is surveyed. Attempts to answer the question of how many atoms of a specific material must cluster to bring about the transition to bulk material properties are also reported. This transition of properties occurs at different numbers of atoms/cluster for physics and chemistry.
Medievalisms In Latin Love Poetry Of The Early Italian Quattrocento

The following reflections on three authors, Giovanni Marrasio, Cristoforo Landino and Tito Vespasiano Strozzi, are examples illustrating a tradizione negata . This chapter suggests that medieval tradition played a certain role at least in some of the early collections of the Quattrocento-if not throughout the century. It shows that nearly every medievalism is filtered through the two main discourses which form the framework of humanistic love-poetry: the Roman elegists and Petrarch's Canzoniere . Medieval poetics are dependent on ancient auctoritates and especially the commentary tradition of late antiquity from which they extract general rules for describing and prescribing. The chapter summarizes the main development of the literary concept of love as it was developed in the Middle Ages and in Petrarch's Canzoniere , before turning to the poetry of the Quattrocento itself. Petrarch considered that the revival of classical literature and art the basis of any cultural and political progress in Italy.  Cristoforo Landino; Giovanni Marrasio; Italian Quattrocento; Latin love poetry; medievalism; Petrarch's Canzoniere ; Tito Vespasiano Strozzi
Aqueous solutions that model the cytosol: studies on polarity, chemical reactivity and enzyme kinetics.

Concentrated solutions of a series of organic compounds have been prepared and the effects of these solutes on the properties of the solvent system assessed as a function of their concentration and nature. Polarity, as measured by Reichardt's E(T)(30) probe, exhibits a linear variation with both solute and water concentration for simple solutes. Non-linear behaviour was also observed and is associated with preferential solvation or binding of the E(T)(30) probe molecule by the added solute. The observed trends in polarity are mirrored in the effects of these solutes on chemical reactivity and enzyme kinetics. Environmental effects on the kinetics of hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl dichloroacetate, the hydronium-ion catalysed hydrolysis of 2-(4-nitrophenoxy)-tetrahydropyran, the acyl transfer reaction between 4-nitrophenyl acetate and TRIS, the Diels-Alder reaction between 1,4-naphthoquinone and cyclopentadiene and the trypsin-catalysed hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate are reported and discussed in terms of the properties of the solutes and the mechanistic requirements of these reactions. Linear correlations were observed between the logarithms of the rate constants for the acetal hydrolysis, acyl transfer and Diels-Alder reactions with water concentration. Since the latter varies linearly with E(T)(30), this indicates a linear free energy relationship between solution polarity and chemical reactivity.
Managing technological development : strategic and human resources issues

Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd managing technological development strategic and human resources issues technological innovation and human resources vol 1 to read.
Constructing Global Order with Chinese Characteristics: Yan Xuetong and the Pre-Qin Response to International Anarchy

China’s rise as a great power has promoted a great deal of soul searching among Chinese scholars, and concern about whether China’s contribution to the world of International Relations scholarship lags behind its rise as an important shaper of the international system. There is a common understanding that China cannot escape addressing the role of theoretical discourse in directing Chinese foreign policy and framing its understanding of China’s role in the world. A perception of China as suffering from a dependent relationship to International Relations (IR) theory, and a desire to transform the role of Chinese scholars from consumers of theory to its producers inspires a debate over the formation of a distinctive ‘Chinese school’. The leading figures in China’s IR were mostly schooled in other fields and came to IR scholarship after completing their undergraduate education. Some, like Yan Xuetong and Qin Yaqing, took postgraduate programmes in the West before entering China’s academia. Others switched from fields like ideology, philosophy, or history, including diplomatic history. Others still worked as practitioners and diplomats before taking up a life of scholarship, and may never have been exposed to systematic training in modern international relations theory. The emergent generation of Chinese-trained international relations specialists possesses varying degrees of linguistic competence in Western languages. Their overall coherence to the debate is shaped by the perceived need for China to project onto the world stage a vision of the contours of its preferred world order, and to adequately engage foreign scholars and diplomats over the impact of China’s growing material power within the international system. General Secretary Hu Jintao’s call
Psychosocial variables in patients with (sub)acute low back pain: an inception cohort in primary care physical therapy in The Netherlands.

A prospective cohort study of patients with episodes of acute or subacute low back pain, seeking physical therapy in primary care, with follow-up at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12.



To evaluate the association between psychosocial factors and the transition from acute or subacute low back pain to chronicity.



Psychosocial factors have long been thought to be associated with chronic pain only. Recent prospective studies, however, suggest that these factors may also be important in acute or subacute low back pain.



Demographic, psychosocial, and psychological baseline data were collected and analyzed from a sample of 66 acute or subacute patients with low back pain in order to predict the 3-month outcome.



After 3 months, response rate was 85% (56 patients). Forty-five percent rated their current status as "not recovered." Twelve percent reported work absenteeism. Using multiple regression analyses, baseline scores on the Acute Low Back Pain Screening Questionnaire, Pain Coping Inventory, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia were not significantly associated with non-recovery at 3 months. The only significant predictor at baseline was the subscale pain of the ALBPSQ, correctly classifying 80% of the patients. The relative risk for not being recovered was 3.72 (95% confidence interval, 1.63-8.52) for the subjects with high scores on the subscale for pain. Pain scores and scores on psychosocial variables at 12 weeks were not associated.



The study strongly revealed pain-related items to be essential factors in the development of chronicity and long-term disability in primary care physical therapy. Health status at 8 weeks seems crucial in developing chronicity.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Superior Calcium and Mercury Transport by Simple Monocarboxylic Acids of Kemp's Triacid

Transport abilities of alkaline earth, transition, and heavy metal ions were examined for three kinds of disubstituted monoacid derivatives of Kemp’s triacid as transport agents for a liquid membrane system. Diamide derivatives showed high transport ability for CaII over MgII, with selectivity ratios greater than 25. Imide monoacids were also CaII selective. For transition and heavy metal ions, all monoacids including diester monoacid showed very high HgII transport, but with different selectivities depending on the functional group. High HgII/AgI ( = 24), HgII/CuII ( = 194), and HgII/PbII ( = 85) selectivities were observed for diamide, diester, and imide monoacids, respectively. The transport mechanisms are discussed for alkaline earth, transition, and heavy metal ions utilizing ion chromatography analysis of anions co-transported.
Sleep disorders in advanced cancer patients: prevalence and factors associated

Goals of workSleep disorders have been invariably reported in cancer population. However, the prevalence of this problem in advanced cancer patients has never been assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of sleep disturbances in terms of quantity and quality, and possible associated factors.Patients and methodsA consecutive sample of patients admitted to a pain relief and palliative care unit were surveyed. Patients with severe cognitive problems or who were too ill were excluded. Epidemiological and clinical data, including the performance status, habits, relevant symptoms, and drug use were recorded. Patients were asked to answer a small questionnaire regarding their sleep, and duration and characteristics (nocturnal and diurnal hours slept, falling asleep, awaking, getting back to sleep, early awaking, restoring sleep, nightmares, feeling depressed or anxious). The level of information about the illness was also assessed.Main resultsAmong the causes of admission, pain control was the main indication (about 58%). Of 123 patients surveyed, 30% slept less than 5 h. Women significantly slept more hours than men (p=0.042). Anxiety (p=0.045), falling asleep (p=0.003), awaking (p=0.035), early awaking (p=0.001), getting beck to sleep (p=0.021), and nightmares (p=0.034), were significantly associated with less hours slept. This relationship was highly significant for less restoring sleep, fatigue, and drowsiness (p<0.0005). No differences were found for age (p=0.294), primary tumor (p=0.225), level of information (p=0.529), Karnofsky status (p=0.539), depression (p= 0.095), confusion (p=0.074), possible causes of awaking (p= 0.881), use of opioids (p= 0.798), use of hypnotics (p= 0.197), other morbidities (p=0.460), or use of alcohol or coffee (p= 0.141). Patients admitted for pain control and/or those receiving opioids more frequently had drowsiness (p=0.01) Patients with lower Karnofsky scores had more drowsiness and diurnal hours slept (p=0.01). Anxiety created more difficulties in falling asleep, produced a less restoring sleep, and nightmares. Depression was associated with early awaking, nonrestorative sleep, fatigue, and nightmares. Confusion was associated with fatigue and nightmares.ConclusionSleep problems appear to be a significant issue for advanced cancer patients. Attention to sleep disturbance needs to be incorporated into the routine practice in palliative care evaluation.
Splitting Properties of Total Enumeration Degrees

We describe general conditions under which relative splittings and specified diamond embeddings are derivable in the local structure of enumeration degrees (e-degrees). In so doing, we touch upon three basic issues: the possibility for studying properties of Turing degrees via enumeration reducibility; general definability problems and the role of splitting and non-splitting; and (emerging from the techniques developed) the description of new relationships between information content and degree theoretic structure.
RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT: TOURISM GEOGRAPHY IN NANJING UNIVERSITY

Tourism geography is also a sub-disciplinary branch of geography with relatively independent professional knowledge system.The birth of tourism geography in China and in Nanjing University can be traced back to Ren Mei-e's article published in Acta Geographica Sinica in 1940 with name of "Natural Scenery and Its Geological Structure".After the reform and opening,the development of tourism geography in Nanjing University can be divided to two phases.From 1979 to 2002,tourism geography embedded in the traditional advantageous discipline of geography.Many old geographers recognized this new discipline and acted as pioneers.Scientific papers published in this phase contributed a lot in the foundation of tourism geography.These new papers mainly focused on evaluation,zoning and exploitation of tourism resources,environmental capacity of tourism destinations,the relationships between tourism and land management,the relationships between tourism and environment,and so on.From 2002 to now,tourism geography in Nanjing University have developed in depth either in coverage of basic issues in tourism geography,or in originality and innovations in tourism geography.In this phase,key research fields and subjects include the basic theories and means of tourism geography,evaluations of tourism resources and regional tourism development,tourism and environment changes,man-land relationships in tourism geography and so on.So far,the tourism geography research teams have published more than 600 academic papers at home and abroad in core journals.An academic paper reveals that Nanjing University stands first among all the universities and research institutes in China.At the end,six basic questions and their research tendency in tourism geography are discussed.