nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of sociodemographic patient characteristics on the efficacy of decision AIDS: a patient-level meta-analysis of 7 randomized trials.

Decision aids (DAs) increase patient knowledge, reduce decisional conflict, and promote shared decision making (SDM). The extent to which they do so across diverse sociodemographic patient groups is unknown.



We conducted a patient-level meta-analysis of 7 randomized trials of DA versus usual care comprising 771 encounters between patients and clinicians discussing treatment options for chest pain, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. Using a random effects model, we examined the impact of sociodemographic patient characteristics (age, sex, education, income, and insurance status) on the outcomes of knowledge transfer, decisional conflict, and patient involvement in SDM. Because of small numbers of people of color in the study population, we were not powered to investigate the role of race. Most patients were aged ≥65 years (61%), white (94%), and women (59%); two thirds had greater than a high school education. Compared with usual care, DA patients gained knowledge, were more likely to know their risk, and had less decisional conflict along with greater involvement in SDM. These gains were largely consistent across sociodemographic patient groups, with DAs demonstrating similar efficacy when used with vulnerable patients such as the elderly and those with less income and less formal education. Differences in efficacy were found only in knowledge of risk in 1 subgroup, with greater efficacy among those with higher education (35% versus 18%; P=0.02).



In this patient-level meta-analysis of 7 randomized trials, DAs were efficacious across diverse sociodemographic groups as measured by knowledge transfer, decisional conflict, and patient involvement in SDM. To the extent that DAs increase patient knowledge and participation in SDM, they have potential to impact health disparities related to these factors.
The Role of Trust in Financial Customer-seller Relationships Before and After the Financial Crisis

This study examines the role of trust in customer–seller relationships before and after the 2008 financial crisis. On the basis of two surveys comprising 1155 and 757 bank customers, respectively, it is shown that trust is less likely to mediate the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty after the financial crisis compared with before the financial crisis. The results suggest that consumers rely more on satisfaction and less on trust after the financial crisis compared with before the financial crisis when determining whether they should remain loyal to a particular financial service provider. Hence, as a direct managerial implication, financial service managers should consider investing additional resources in satisfying their customers in the after crisis era. In addition, it is suggested that managers should seek to rebuild the positive relationship between trust and loyalty in order to receive the full benefit of their trust-building efforts.
Den bortglömda krisen – en kritisk diskursanalys på nyhetsrapporteringen av Centralafrikanska republiken

Central African Republic has partly been portrayed in the media as a forgotten crisis, but also as something that is completely natural for how it is in Africa. The society has perceptions about Africa, which has been reproduced and reconstructed in the selected articles. The discourses in particular have appeared in articles are discourses about: us and them, the confidence in experts, social representations especially (emotional roots), ideological inequities and power relations between different parties.
Real Effects of Capital Inflows in Emerging Markets

We examine the association between capital inflows and industry growth in a sample of 22 emerging market economies from 1998 to 2010. We expect more external finance dependent industries in countries that host more capital inflows to grow disproportionately faster. This is indeed the case in the pre-crisis period of 1998–2007, and is driven by debt, rather than equity, inflows. We also observe a reduction in output volatility but this association is more pronounced for equity, rather than debt, inflows. These relationships, however, break down during the crisis, hinting at the importance of an undisrupted global financial system for emerging markets to harness the growth benefits of capital inflows. In line with this observation, we also document that the inflows-growth nexus is stronger in countries with well-functioning banks.
Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life

For junior and senior managers alike, Deal and Kennedy offer explicit guidelines for diagnosing the state of one's own corporate culture and for using the power of culture to wield significant influence on how business gets done.. Business experts everywhere have been finding that corporations run not only on numbers, but on culture. In this revised and updated 2000 edition of Corporate Cultures , organization consultants Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy probe the conference rooms and corridors of corporate America to discover the key to business excellence. They find that the health of the bottom line is not ultimately guaranteed by attention to the rational aspects of managing-financial planning, personnel policies, cost controls, and the like. What's more important to long-term prosperity is the company's culture-the inner values, rites, rituals, and heroes-that strongly influence its success, from top management to the secretarial pool. For junior and senior managers alike, Deal and Kennedy offer explicit guidelines for diagnosing the state of one's own corporate culture and for using the power of culture to wield significant influence on how business gets done.
Paying Informally in the Albanian Health Care Sector: A Two-Tiered Stochastic Frontier Bargaining Model

The 'watch dog' role of the media, the impact of migration processes, health care access for children in developing countries, mitigation of the effects of Global Warming are typical examples of governance issues – issues to be tackled at the base; issues to be solved by creating and implementing effective policy. students to pave the road for innovative policy developments in Europe and the world today. Our master's and PhD programmes train you in analysing, monitoring and evaluating public policy in order to strengthen democratic governance in domestic and international organisations. The School carefully crafts its training activities to give national and international organisations, scholars and professionals the tools needed to harness the strengths of changing organisations and solve today' s challenges, and more importantly, the ones of tomorrow.  The study is part of Project ASSPRO CEE 2007 (Grant Agreement no. 217431) funded by the European Commission under the 7 th Framework Programme, Theme 8 Socioeconomic Sciences and Humanities. The content of the publication is the sole responsibility of the authors and it in no way represents the views of the Commission or its services.  This paper looks at informal payments in the health care sector in Albania and the bargaining power of patients and medical staff. We develop a two-tiered stochastic frontier model to measure the effect of bargaining power of medical staff and patients on the extent of informal payments. We use data from the Albania Living Standards Measurement Survey 2005 and calculate patients' maximum willingness to pay and medical staff' expected payments for both outpatient and inpatient visits. The results show that medical staff have consistently more bargaining power than patients, while patients and medical staff bargain more in outpatient than in inpatient care. Higher education, difficulty to pay for health care, and location of hospital increase the bargaining power of patients, while type of illness and location of hospital increase the bargaining power of medical staff.
Effects of Fe addition on glass-forming ability and mechanical properties of Ti–Zr–Be bulk metallic glass

The influence of Fe addition on the glass-forming ability (GFA) and mechanical properties in Ti 41 Z r25 Be 34 −  x Fe x ( x  = 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 at.%) alloys was studied. It has been found that the glass forming-ability and mechanical property of the Ti–Zr–Be alloys could be significantly improved by addition of Fe element. Among the present alloys, the Ti 41 Zr 25 Be 28 Fe 6 glassy alloy shows the largest supercooled liquid range Δ T x (Δ T x  = 107 K), and a large critical size of 8 mm for fabricating BMGs by copper mold casting method. The yield strength, ultimate strength and plastic strain are dramatically enhanced from 1755, 1914 MPa and 2.9% for Ti 41 Zr 25 Be 34 glassy alloy to 1964 MPa, 2268 MPa and 11.2% for Ti 41 Zr 25 Be 28 Fe 6 glassy alloy, respectively. Especially, the specific strength (yield strength/density) is 4.02 × 10 5  Nm/kg, greatly larger than that of most other BMGs. The experimental results show that Fe addition is an effective way for improving the glass-forming ability and mechanical properties of Ti–Zr–Be glassy alloy.
반 고흐의 〈낡은 구두〉

This essay deals with the debates between Martin Heidegger, Meyer Schapiro and Jacques Derrida on the truth in Vincent Van Gogh’s Painting of Pair if Shoes. Heidegger said that this painting let us know what shoes are in truth. This represented equipment belongs to the earth, and it is protected in the world of the peasant woman. Van Gogh’s painting is the disclosure of what the equipment, the pair of peasant shoes, is in truth. This art work opens up in its own way the Being of beings, and this opening up, i.e., this deconcealing, i.e., the truth of beings, happens in the work. Shapiro criticized Heidegger that this attribution of Van Gogh’s picture of the shoes to a peasant woman is false. The shoes are not those of a peasant woman but of a male city dweller, Van Gogh’s own shoes at the time he was living in Paris. He accused Heidegger that he deceived himself, that he imagined everything and projected it into the painting. According to Schapiro, this painting is worth Van Gogh’s self portrait. Derrida argues that this episode is not a theoretical or philosophical dispute for the interpretation of a work but a matter of history and politics. He says that this shoes are painted shoes and they will not returned to the rightful owner, to the original subject. Painting is anterior to the discourse about truth, anterior to the desire for restitution. Finally, his essay is lodged against the discourse of belonging, against the discourse of attribution. Art History is based on the connoisseurship, in other words, the discourse of attribution. Then how can we art historians react to Derrida’s accusations? Derrida says that “one dreams of a painting without truth, which without debt and running the risk of no longer saying anything to anyone, would still not give up painting”. Yet, this resembles Kant’s definition of aesthetic experience which is ‘without purpose’, ‘without use’, ‘without interest’. The ghost step which still comes to haunt the painted shoes is not so much peasant woman’s nor Van Gogh’s, neither Heidegger’s nor Schapiro’s, but Kant’s. Derrida further claims that painting suspends its own meaning, risking the loss of meaning. The truth may have something to do with the ownership of the history rather than the truth, or than the origin of truth, the truth of truth. There exist contests for the identity and truth. Then this debate is not so much the debate between disciplines, i.e., between art histoy and philosophy of art, but a matter of world-view. Do we believe that we owe the world some debt? The debt of meaning, truth, whatever. The promise of Cezanne, “I owe you the truth in painting, and I wil tell it to you” is only a performative promise. Yet, do we expect something in his promise? Truth or not, the promise always belongs to the future which is not yet rome. Thus, promise, the promise on the truth of painting always takes the form of belief and expectation before it turns into mere traces of truth.
The rhetoric of space: Literary and artistic representations of landscape in Republican and Augustan Rome

Horace's famous Ut pictura poesis serves as the point of departure for this book. It is a much discussed passage, in our time and in the past, because it has been subjected to widely divergent interpretations. This follows from the assumption that Horace meant pictures are like poems. Leach, however, argues he meant no such thing; instead, he compared the ways visual and literary works address themselves to the beholder, an aesthetics and semiology of reception, not expression. The subject matter of this book is ancient Roman landscape, not gardens per se, nor cities, although architectural settings (and sets) are discussed; rather, Leach explores the sort of outdoor terrain, in pictures and poems that serves as the site of events: for example, harbours, hillsides, battlefields and temple compounds as places of arrival and departure, epiphany, war and religious rite. The sources examined range from the writings of Virgil, Caesar, Lucretius, Varro, Horace, Pliny, Propertius and Ovid to the panel and fresco paintings in Rome, Naples, Pompeii and elsewhere. The wide and inclusive expanse of Leach's �landscape� makes the book very long, seemingly wandering in places and nearly intractable as a whole. The argument is best sustained at a local level when specific writings and works are considered, especially those of Virgil in the context of the Odyssey landscapes.
Impact of B2O3 and La2O3 addition on structural, mechanical and biological properties of hydroxyapatite

In this study, hydroxyapatite-B2O3-La2O3 composites (with ≤ 20 wt.% B2O3 and ≤ 2 wt.% La2O3) were synthesized via wet precipitation method and calcined at 1100 °C for 1 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the existence of the pure hydroxyapatite (HA) phase with high crystallinity. Characteristic absorption bands of HA were also observed in Fourier transform infrared spectra. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the addition of B2O3 and La2O3 into HA enhanced the particle growth. Mechanical properties of the composites were studied by diametral tensile test and the results showed that incorporation of 10 wt.% B2O3 and 2 wt.% La2O3 led to a 39% increase in tensile strength (compared to the pure HA). In vitro cytocompatibility of HA-B2O3-La2O3 composites was investigated using Osteosarcoma Cell Lines (Saos-2). Incorporation of B2O3 and La2O3 into HA had no toxic effect towards the cells. Based on its tensile strength properties and biological response, composite of 88 wt.% HA, 10 wt.% B2O3 and 2 wt.% La2O3 was suggested as a promising composite for bone tissue engineering applications.
German Werkkunstschules and the Establishment of Industrial Design Education in Turkey

Istanbul has been the pioneering city for product design instruction since the inception of this academic field in Turkey. The current umbrella organization, under which industrial design instruction is governed, is the State Academy of Fine Arts. In 1972, a separate division at the Academy (the “Interior Architecture and Industrial Design” division) was formed to specifically address instruction in industrial design at higher schools and universities nationwide. The precursor and inspiration for this division was the State School of Applied Fine Arts, an industrial product design school which opened in 1957. Originally a three-year school, in 1962, the State School of Applied Fine Arts became a four-year institution and its name was changed to the Istanbul State School of Applied Fine Arts. Following the example of the State School of Applied Fine Arts, a private school for the applied arts which opened in 1968, but was taken over by the State Academy shortly thereafter (during the period in which private universities were banned in Turkey). This second applied arts school was renamed the School of Applied Industrial Arts, and included a department of industrial design until the 1980s. While the establishment of the State School of Applied Fine Arts, which forms the core of this article,1 was still in progress, the rapid developments seen in the State Academy of Fine Arts were realized thanks to the personal efforts of Önder Küçükerman, who, at the time, was head of the Interior Architecture Department. At the same time, researchers in the field considered the State School of Applied Fine Arts to be the pioneering school for industrial design training in Turkey. H. Alpay Er has observed: It can be claimed that training for industrial product design in Turkey stemmed from two main roots. One of them is the two important art schools in Istanbul: the Istanbul State Academy of Fine Arts and the State School of Applied Fine Arts. Although not much was written about the latter school, relatively more resources are available to study the foundation of instruction at the Istanbul State Academy of Fine Arts. The Istanbul root that developed from the 1 The subject of this article first was presented as “An Overview of the State Academy of Applied Arts and the Influence of German Werkkunstschules during the Establishment and Development Period of Industrial Product Design in Turkey” at “Mind the Map, Third International Conference on Design History & Design Studies” (Istanbul, July 2002, organized by the Istanbul Technical University in cooperation with the Kent Institute of Art and Design).
Finite and infinite support in nominal algebra and logic: nominal completeness theorems for free

By operations on models we show how to relate completeness with respect to permissivenominal models to completeness with respect to nominal models with finite support. Models with finite support are a special case of permissive-nominal models, so the construction hinges on generating from an instance of the latter, some instance of the former in which sufficiently many inequalities are preserved between elements. We do this using an infinite generalisation of nominal atoms-abstraction. The results are of interest in their own right, but also, we factor the mathematics so as to maximise the chances that it could be used off-the-shelf for other nominal reasoning systems too. Models with infinite support can be easier to work with, so it is useful to have a semi-automatic theorem to transfer results from classes of infinitely-supported nominal models to the more restricted class of models with finite support. In conclusion, we consider different permissive-nominal syntaxes and nominal models and discuss how they relate to the results proved here.
Toward a Theory of Hierarchical Definability (THD)

Attempts to formulate mathematically precise definitions of basic concepts such as causality, randomness and probability have a long history. The concept of hierarchical definability that is outlined in the following suggests that such definitions may not exist. Furthermore, it suggests that existing definitions of many basic concepts, among them those of linearity stability, statistical independence and Pareto-optimality, may be in need of reformulation.In essence, definability is concerned with whether and how a concept, X, can be defined in a way that lends itself to mathematical analysis and computation. In mathematics, though not in logic, definability of mathematical concepts is taken for granted. But as we move further into the age of machine intelligence and automated reasoning, the issue of definability is certain to grow in importance and visibility, raising basic questions that are not easy to resolve.
A Generalized Approach to Measure Market Timing Skills of Fund Managers: Theory and Evidence

In this paper the authors extend the analysis in Woodward and Brooks (2010) to derive a generalized form of Merton’s (1981) dual beta market timing model that allows for continuous adjustment of portfolio beta in response to changing market conditions, and also includes the dual beta model as a special case. The model provides a more realistic representation of the fund return generation process. Using this model the authors test the market timing skills of fund managers for a sample of Australian superannuation funds for the period 1990 to 2002. The authors find that managed funds in which investors voluntarily select a given fund (retail funds) experience frequent rebalancing when compared to managed funds in which the investors’ contribution is involuntary (wholesale funds). The authors relate the greater sensitivity to all changes in market conditions of retail funds to higher expenses and poor performance that was found in a recent study by Langford, Faff and Marisetty (2006). The results have important implications for Australian superannuation policy, since the Australian Government, effective from 1st July 2005, has required all funds to introduce voluntary contribution schemes. A Generalized Approach to Measure Market Timing Skills of Fund Managers: Theory and Evidence
The Secret Knowledge

A lost musical masterpiece is at the heart of this gripping intellectual mystery by award-winning writer Andrew Crumey. In 1913 composer Pierre Klauer envisages marriage to his sweetheart and fame for his new work, The Secret Knowledge. Then tragedy strikes. A century later, concert pianist David Conroy hopes the rediscovered score might revive his own flagging career. Music, history, politics and philosophy become intertwined in a multi-layered story that spans a century. Revolutionary agitators, Holocaust refugees and sixties student protesters are counterpointed with artists and entrepreneurs in our own age of austerity. All play their part in revealing the shocking truth that Conroy must finally face the real meaning of The Secret Knowledge. A novel for readers who like intellectual game-playing and having their imagination stretched.
Development and validation of a risk score to assist screening for acute HIV-1 infection among men who have sex with men

BackgroundEarly treatment of acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) is beneficial for patients and could reduce onward transmission. However, guidelines on whom to test for AHI with HIV-1 RNA testing are lacking.MethodsA risk score for possible AHI based on literature and expert opinion – including symptoms associated with AHI and early HIV-1 – was evaluated using data from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies among men who have sex with men (MSM). Subsequently, we optimized the risk score by constructing two multivariable logistic regression models: one including only symptoms and one combining symptoms with known risk factors for HIV-1 seroconversion, using generalized estimating equations. Several risk scores were generated from these models and the optimal risk score was validated using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.ResultsUsing data from 1562 MSM with 175 HIV-1 seroconversion visits and 17,271 seronegative visits in the Amsterdam Cohort Studies, the optimal risk score included four symptoms (oral thrush, fever, lymphadenopathy, weight loss) and three risk factors (self-reported gonorrhea, receptive condomless anal intercourse, more than five sexual partners, all in the preceding six months) and yielded an AUC of 0.82. Sensitivity was 76.3% and specificity 76.3%. Validation in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study resulted in an AUC of 0.78, sensitivity of 56.2% and specificity of 88.8%.ConclusionsThe optimal risk score had good overall performance in the Amsterdam Cohort Studies and performed comparable (but showed lower sensitivity) in the validation study. Screening for AHI with four symptoms and three risk factors would increase the efficiency of AHI testing and potentially enhance early diagnosis and immediate treatment.