nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Moral reasoning and statecraft : essays presented to Kenneth W. Thompson

Composed by nine of his former students on the occasion of the Miller Center's tenth anniversary, these essays commemorate Dr. Kenneth W. Thompson's educational leadership and support. It is fitting that the contributors to this volume have chosen to present Dr. Thompson with a collection of essays devoted to moral reasoning and statecraft. As teacher and scholar, Dr. Thompson returns time and time again to explore the moral resources of statecraft and to probe the normative foundations of political choice. Contributors to this volume are Reed Davis, Alberto R. Coll, Farhang Rajaee, W. David Clinton, Daniel G. Lang, Nicolai N. Petro, Robert A. Strong, Ian Graig, Gale A. Mattox and Brian E. Klunk. Includes a complete bibliography of Dr. Thompson's writings. Co-published with the Miller Center of Public Affairs.
The Problem of Vacuum Energy and Cosmology (A lecture presented at the 4th Colloque Cosmologie, Paris, June, 1997; to be published in the Proceedings)

Quantum field theory predicts that vacuum energy (or what is the same, cosmological constant) should be 50-100 orders of magnitude larger than the existing astronomical limit. A very brief review of possible solutions of this problem is presented. A mechanism of adjustment of vacuum energy down to (almost) zero by the back-reaction of massless vector or second rank tensor fields is discussed.
Institutional ownership and stock liquidity

This paper examines how institutional ownership influences the cross-sectional differences in stock liquidity for a sample of stocks listed on the NYSE and the AMEX. The author finds that stocks with larger increases in the number of institutional investors tend to be more liquid than other stocks. Further analysis reveals that this effect tends to be stronger for stocks with more severe asymmetric information. Moreover, active institutional investors, such as independent advisors and mutual funds, exert larger impacts on stock liquidity than passive institutions do. These results are consistent with the theoretical prediction that information competition among institutional investors increases stock liquidity.
The Misplaced "Apology": Rethinking China's Internet Patriotism

Online patriotism in China evolved into a broad sociopolitical phenomenon from 2003 to 2006. Although this was a period during which Sino-Japanese economic and financial relations deepened and diversified considerably, national sensitivities and historical memory remained at the forefront of the relationship. Several high-profile incidents spurred the emergence of anti-Japanese patriotism online in China, including the 2006 MIT controversy. This article examines the misplacement of context and the misinterpretation of “apology” ( daoqian ) in that controversy, which set forth different discussion agendas in the US and Chinese cyberspheres.
Sustainability and social corporation responsibility as a competitive strategy in hotels.

Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir a relacao entre acoes de sustentabilidade e responsabilidade social corporativa no âmbito da hotelaria e suas possiveis contribuicoes para competitividade do setor hoteleiro. O metodo utilizado envolveu a coleta de dados de hoteis do municipio de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (Brasil), mediante um estudo de caso descritivo. Avaliou-se o discurso formal, o discurso pronunciado e subtendido, silenciado pelo responsavel por cada hotel na interpretacao dos pesquisadores. O estudo buscou descrever as acoes dos dirigentes hoteleiros com reflexos causais no desempenho organizacional de maneira estrategica. As estrategias pesquisadas com enfase foram a associacao do hotel a alguma rede hoteleira ou instituicao turistica local; e a pratica de acoes relacionadas a responsabilidade social corporativa e sustentabilidade. Os fatores operacionais destacados pelos hoteleiros e identificados como indutores da competitividade dos empreendimentos foram: (1) Organizacao em redes e franquias; (2) Manutencao e investimento em infraestrutura e equipamentos de lazer; (3) Qualificacao da mao de obra, notadamente em servicos; (4) Orientacao estrategica de mercado e, (5) Acoes de responsabilidade social corporativa. Finalmente, as acoes sustentaveis nos hoteis pesquisados enfocam principalmente a gestao rigida de caixa, com enfase em controle de centros de custos operacionais. A responsabilidade social corporativa e sustentabilidade apresentam menor prioridade estrategica para os gestores. Palavras-chave: Desempenho hoteleiro; Sustentabilidade em hotelaria; Responsabilidade Social; Competitividade no setor hoteleiro.
Tidal circulation patterns in Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Cretaceous epeiric and mioclinal shelf seas

According to some workers, ancient epeiric and mioclinal shelf seas should have lacked normal astronomical tides because of their shallow depths and great size. A variety of sedimentological and paleontological evidence, however, indicates that Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, and Cretaceous strata of western North America, Carboniferous strata of the eastern United States, Precambrian and Cambrian strata of Scotland, and Precambrian and Ordovician strata of South Africa, which were, in part, deposited in such shallow seas, contain extensive tidalites. On Holocene continental shelves, a positive correlation exists between shelf width, tidal range, and tidal current velocity; the widest shelves are characterized by the greatest tidal ranges and the greatest tidal current velocities. This relationship is generally applicable to ancient epeiric and mioclinal shelf seas, and we conclude that ancient shallow seas were, in fact, characterized and dominated by tides and by tidal circulation patterns. Therefore, sedimentological and paleontological evidence of tidal influences should be sought more widely in strata that accumulated in such seas.
Pulsed laser deposition of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) thin films

Hexagonal thin films of barium hexaferrite (BaFe 12 O 19 ) were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on sapphire substrates. The films were grown in oxygen atmosphere by two different pulsed excimer lasers: a XeCl* ( λ =308 nm, τ FWHM ≤30 ns) and a KrF* ( λ =248 nm, τ FWHM ≥20 ns) laser in the temperature range 500–750°C. The experiments showed that the heating temperature is a key parameter in determining the films' magnetic characteristics. Some of the films were laser annealed with an Nd:YAG laser ( λ =1064 nm). High coercivity H c =3.6 kOe and good hysteresis shapes were obtained. An anisotropy of the coercive force H c , saturation magnetization M s and remanent magnetization M r was observed. The magnetic measurements were correlated with the structural and compositional characterization performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
FSA: An Efficient and Flexible C++ Toolkit for Finite State Automata Using On-Demand Computation

In this paper we present the RWTH FSA toolkit --- an efficient implementation of algorithms for creating and manipulating weighted finite-state automata. The toolkit has been designed using the principle of on-demand computation and offers a large range of widely used algorithms. To prove the superior efficiency of the toolkit, we compare the implementation to that of other publically available toolkits. We also show that on-demand computations help to reduce memory requirements significantly without any loss in speed. To increase its flexibility, the RWTH FSA toolkit supports high-level interfaces to the programming language Python as well as a command-line tool for interactive manipulation of FSAs. Furthermore, we show how to utilize the toolkit to rapidly build a fast and accurate statistical machine translation system. Future extensibility of the toolkit is ensured as it will be publically available as open source software.
A study on success factors of logistics IT companies

Under this economic circumstance, the logistics firms located in port take better advantages than those in other areas. This study observed those firms with consciousness to which matters were affected a growth of the logistics IT firms. This study considered in terms of three factors which are an economic factor, a political factor and an internal-ability factor for the matters of logistics IT firms' success through the factor analysis. According to the factor analysis, subjective factors showed positive: (1) expanding market through the ideas and abilities, (2) internal relations and government support (3) capability of market identification and focusing on regional industrialization. As a result of the internal ability analysis, there were three positive matters such as (1) a factor of organization or human resource management, (2) relationship with consumer and resource and management ability for strategy, and (3) developing unique product, networking, suitable goods of regional industrialization. The external factor, through the factor analysis was turned out (1) an emerged political factor such as a support up venture, cluster composition, investing R&D and specialist training, (2) economic factor such as tax reduction, financial support, marketing collaboration, and renting office in a low price by regional government.
The Great Harvest of Hope—Brazil 2010: Creating International Dialogue with Emerging Artists

Angele Seguin, Artistic Director of the Theâtre des Petites Lanternes, describes the process by which the Great Harvest of Hope was created for the IDEA World Congress in 2010. Using a unique methodology developed by the Theatre des Petites Lanternes in Sherbrooke Quebec, an organizing group led by Seguin and Cesar Escuza Norero, the Artistic Director of Vichama Teatro in Peru, created a performance with performers from 14 different countries on the basis of 3000 pages of writing from 500 volunteers in 22 countries.
Effective Use Of Integrated Lecture And Lab To Teach Civil Engineering Materials

The civil engineering (CE) materials course along with the other courses in the U.A. Whitaker School of Engineering (WSOE) at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) is taught in an integrated lecture lab style. In this non-traditional setting, instructors use an integrated, active, and collaborative instructional technique. Also, unlike many other universities, there is not a separate time slot allocated in the schedule to conduct the laboratory experiments for this CE materials course. Instead, the lab is embedded into the course structure. Although it has been documented in the literature that this technique represents effective teaching pedagogy only a few engineering programs have adopted this method. In addition, the WSOE is only in its third year since students were first admitted into the engineering program as freshman. The CE materials course, which is taught to juniors, was offered for the first time this year. To ensure that student learning is maintained, the authors used a comparative approach with a CE instructor at Rowan University. Both instructors, one at FGCU and one at Rowan, used a similar syllabus, test structure and content, and student laboratory report assignments in their classes. Furthermore, a lecture from FGCU was recorded and viewed at Rowan to determine how other students reacted to the new technique. One laboratory report, which was graded by both instructors, was selected along with a student survey and selected assignments to assess the effectiveness of the new technique in the CE materials course at FGCU. The information presented in this paper could be used as an evaluation benchmark for other courses in the engineering program at FGCU. Also, schools in primarily teaching institutions could use the lecture lab technique to increase student participation and improve student learning in engineering courses.
Stakeholder Prioritization, Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility and Company Performance: Further Evidence

Using KLD data on more than 900 company's performance over a nine-year period in seven areas of corporate social responsibility (environment, community, corporate governance, diversity, employee relations, human rights, and product quality), this research note re-tests Michelon et al. proxies for prioritization and strategic approaches to CSR. The results show that, when a company pursues CSR initiatives that are linked to stakeholder preferences and allocates resources to these initiatives in a strategic way, the positive effect of its CSR initiatives on financial corporate performance (CP) strengthen. The analysis of KLD's variance and top tiers is thus proposed as a parsimonious way to measure when companies link their CSR initiatives to salient stakeholder preferences and undertake the corporate social actions that are ultimately relevant to the company's strategy and financials.
Analysis of literary discourse

In 1.7 we spent some time looking at the language of a short poem. Now we shall examine a passage of prose, to show in more detail how grammar can contribute to the study of literature. We shall in fact refer to three extracts from novels in this chapter. The first, from D. H. Lawrence’s The Rainbow, will be the main subject of study, and the second passage, from Dickens’s Bleak House, will be used for further illustration. The Dickens passage and a further passage, from Virginia Woolf’s The Waves, will provide material for the exercises at the end of the chapter. The three passages are given on pp. 166-70.
Decoherence in quantum gravity: issues and critiques

An increasing number of papers have appeared in recent years on decoherence in quantum gravity at the Planck energy. We discuss the meaning of decoherence in quantum gravity starting from the common notion that quantum gravity is a theory for the microscopic structures of spacetime, and invoking some generic features of quantum decoherence from the open systems viewpoint. We dwell on a range of issues bearing on this process including the relation between statistical and quantum, noise from effective field theory, the meaning of stochasticity, the origin of non-unitarity and the nature of nonlocality in this and related contexts. To expound these issues we critique on two representative theories: One claims that decoherence in quantum gravity scale leads to the violation of CPT symmetry at sub-Planckian energy which is used to explain today's particle phenomenology. The other uses this process in place with the Brownian motion model to prove that spacetime foam behaves like a thermal bath. A companion paper will deal with intrinsic and fundamental decoherence which also bear on issues in classical and quantum gravity.
Electrochemical deposition of barium titanate thin films on TiN/Si substrates

Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) films were synthesized on TiN-coated Si substrates by electrochemically anodic oxidation in mixed alkaline electrolytes of 0.5 M Ba(CH 3 COO) 2 and 2 M NaOH. A potentiostatic mode was conducted to make the films with the voltages ranging from 2 to 60 V at 70 °C for only 1 min. X-ray diffraction results show that cubic BaTiO 3 films were successfully prepared on TiN-coated substrates at the reaction voltages above 2 V. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the obtained BaTiO 3 films possessed uniformly distributed spherical-particulate surface morphology with a nanolayered feature. The thickness of BaTiO 3 could reach about 4 μm after electrochemical oxidation with the voltage of 60 V. The growth rate of BaTiO 3 films synthesized by the electrochemical oxidation was much faster than that of the films prepared by the previously reported hydrothermal and hydrothermal–galvanic couple methods where only a single layer was produced. Potentiodynamic polarization reveals that the corrosion resistance of TiN-coated substrates was greatly improved by electrochemical deposition of the dense and thick BaTiO 3 films over the substrates.
Effect of physician specialty on use of necessary coronary angiography.

This study sought to determine whether having a cardiologist as a regular source of care influences likelihood of undergoing necessary coronary angiography.



An important element of the current health policy debate is the respective roles of primary care and specialist physicians. However, there are few data on interspecialty differences in quality of care for patients with ischemic heart disease.



We contacted 243 patients by telephone (response rate 72%) who had positive (or very positive) exercise stress test results and met additional clinical criteria for necessary coronary angiography. Study patients were randomly sampled from those undergoing exercise stress testing at one university and three public hospitals in Los Angeles between January 1, 1990 and June 30, 1991. Patients were asked whether they had a regular source of care during the time after their exercise stress test and, if so, whether that provider was a cardiologist or cardiology clinic.



Among survey responders, 47% underwent necessary coronary angiography within 3 months of exercise testing and 61% within 12 months. After adjustment for sociodemographics and clinical presentation, patients with a cardiologist as a regular source of care were more likely than all other patients to have undergone necessary angiography within 3 months (52% vs. 38%, p = 0.05) and within 12 months (74% vs. 44%, p = 0.0001) of the exercise test. At 3 months, there was a trend toward a more pronounced effect of ongoing cardiologic care within the public hospitals compared with the private hospital (p = 0.09 for interaction between hospital types).



Patients with a cardiologist as a regular source of care were more likely than all other patients to undergo clinically necessary coronary angiography within both 3 and 12 months of exercise stress testing.
Socio-cultural aspects of information technology in Africa. The policy of the World Bank Studies on Media Information and Telecommunication (SMIT)

The World Bank is an important actor in the implementation of new information technologies (ITs) in Africa by means of loans to governments and support to private companies. Its policy is guided mainly by techno-economical aspects. The intended target group's socio-cultural context is hardly taken into consideration. Critics argue that the Bank's policy has resulted in inappropriate technology, ignorance of the African user and a reinforcement of Western elites. The World Bank's approach is embedded in a Western worldview, in which privatisation and liberalisation are the keywords. In this technology-driven view, IT is supposed to solve all kinds of problems, including socio-cultural problems, hence socio-cultural aspects are regarded as less important. Nevertheless, some recent documents of the World Bank indicate a growing interest in those aspects. Time will show whether we can label that discourse a neo-liberal doctrine embellished with some socio-cultural hot topics. This article is based on...
The emergence of spacetime or quantum gravity on your desktop

Is there an approach to quantum gravity which is conceptually simple, relies on very few fundamental physical principles and ingredients, emphasizes geometric (as opposed to algebraic) properties, comes with a definite numerical approximation scheme, and produces robust results, which go beyond showing mere internal consistency of the formalism? The answer is a resounding yes: it is the attempt to construct a nonperturbative theory of quantum gravity, valid on all scales, with the technique of so-called causal dynamical triangulations. Despite its conceptual simplicity, the results obtained up to now are far from trivial. Most remarkable at this stage is perhaps the fully dynamical emergence of a classical background (and solution to the Einstein equations) from a nonperturbative sum over geometries, without putting in any preferred geometric background at the outset. In addition, there is concrete evidence for the presence of a fractal spacetime foam on Planckian distance scales. The availability of a computational framework provides built-in reality checks of the approach, whose importance can hardly be overestimated.
Simultaneous densification and phase decomposition of TiB2-WB2 solid solutions activated by cobalt boride addition

In order to apply simultaneous densification and phase decomposition of TiB 2 –WB 2 solid solutions occurred by pressureless sintering using induction heating, the effect of CoB as the additive agent have been investigated. The sintered products were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses. Dense product with a relative density of 95%, which was produced with a CoB addition of 0.5 wt.% and an induction heating time for 600 s, was identified as (Ti,W)B 2 and (W,Ti)B 2 phases. Platelet crystals of the (W,Ti)B 2 phase were precipitated in grain boundary of the (Ti,W)B 2 phase. The mechanical properties of the product, which improved by the densification and decomposition of (Ti,W)B 2 , are also presented.
The effect of hot extrusion on the microstructure and anti-corrosion performance of LDHs conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

In this study, the effect of hot extrusion on the microstructure and anti-corrosion performance of LDHs (layered double hydroxides) conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated by means of microscopic observation and electrochemical measurement. After hot extrusion, the refinement and rearrangement of the β-Mg 17 Al 12 phase promotes the microgalvanic effect in the formation process, and the increase of dislocation density, twin, grain boundary and texture accelerates the dissolution rate of the Mg matrix. Due to microstructural differences, the electrochemical activity of various specimens in the formation process can be ranked as the increasing series: as-cast
High prevalence of diabetes before and after lung transplantation: target for improving outcome?

Diabetes increases morbidity and mortality of lung transplantation. However, the reported prevalence of diabetes varies post-transplantation partly due to lack of detection protocols.



To determine the prevalence of diabetes in patients (i) waitlisted for lung transplant and (ii) early post-transplantation.



We analysed patients on the St Vincent's Heart Lung database from 1 April 2014 to 30 September 2015 on the waitlist (Study 1) and those transplanted (Study 2). Standard of care required all non-diabetic patients to have an oral glucose tolerance test (modified for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to screen for CF-related hyperglycaemia (CFRH) (plasma glucose ≥8.2 mmol/L at 60 or 90 min).



Study 1 included 114 patients (32 with CF and 82 without CF). Of 30 CF patients with glycaemic data, 27 (90%) had abnormal glucose metabolism: 18 had diabetes and nine had CFRH. In 50 patients without CF, 20 (40%) had abnormal glucose metabolism: eight had diabetes and 12 had impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Study 2 included 78 transplanted patients (25 with CF and 53 without CF). Fourteen CF patients had pre-existing diabetes and seven had pre-existing CFRH. All but one patient were diagnosed with diabetes post-transplantation. Hence, diabetes prevalence in CF patients post-transplantation was 96%. Among 53 transplanted patients without CF, seven (13%) had abnormal glucose metabolism but 30 (57%) were diagnosed with post-transplant diabetes.



There is a high prevalence of diabetes in lung transplant patients. Earlier endocrine participation in lung transplant services is likely to lower diabetes-related morbidity and mortality further.
Rational solutions to an extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-like equation with symbolic computation

Associated with the prime number p = 3 , the generalized bilinear operators are adopted to yield an extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-like (eKP-like) equation. With symbolic computation, eighteen classes of rational solutions to the resulting eKP-like equation are generated from a search for polynomial solutions to the corresponding generalized bilinear equation.