nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Coming Out Proud to reduce stigma's impact among people with mental illness: pilot randomised controlled trial.

Facing frequent stigma and discrimination, many people with mental illness have to choose between secrecy and disclosure in different settings. Coming Out Proud (COP), a 3-week peer-led group intervention, offers support in this domain in order to reduce stigma's negative impact.



To examine COP's efficacy to reduce negative stigma-related outcomes and to promote adaptive coping styles (Current Controlled Trials number: ISRCTN43516734).



In a pilot randomised controlled trial, 100 participants with mental illness were assigned to COP or a treatment-as-usual control condition. Outcomes included self-stigma, empowerment, stigma stress, secrecy and perceived benefits of disclosure.



Intention-to-treat analyses found no effect of COP on self-stigma or empowerment, but positive effects on stigma stress, disclosure-related distress, secrecy and perceived benefits of disclosure. Some effects diminished during the 3-week follow-up period.



Coming Out Proud has immediate positive effects on disclosure- and stigma stress-related variables and may thus alleviate stigma's negative impact.
Skeletal scintigraphy of young patients with low-back pain and a lumbosacral transitional vertebra.

Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae can alter the biomechanics of weight transfer at the affected spinal segment. Low-back pain may result. This study assessed what skeletal scintigraphy reveals about stress associated with a lumbosacral transitional vertebra in young patients with low-back pain.



The study population included 48 patients (30 male, 18 female; age range, 6-19 y; mean age, 15.7 y) with low-back pain and a lumbosacral transitional vertebra. Skeletal scintigraphy was correlated with plain radiographs in all, CT in 12, and MRI in 11.



High uptake was shown at the articulation between the transverse process of a lumbosacral transitional vertebra and the sacrum in 39 (81%) of the patients. In 23 (59%) of the 39 patients with high uptake, this finding was shown only by SPECT. In 13 (81%) of the 16 for which the high uptake was shown by planar imaging, the anterior projection was more valuable than the posterior projection. In 9 (23%) of the 39 patients with high uptake at the transverse-sacral articulation, the lumbosacral transitional vertebra had not been noted in a radiographic report before skeletal scintigraphy but was identified through reevaluation or repetition of radiographs after skeletal scintigraphy. Radiographs showed sclerosis along the transverse-sacral articulation in only 8 (21%) of the 39 patients with high uptake. Findings indicating stress or motion at the joint were shown by CT in 6 (55%) of 11 and by MRI in 5 (63%) of 8 patients with high uptake at the transverse-sacral articulation who underwent these examinations.



Skeletal scintigraphy often indicates stress at the transverse-sacral articulation of young patients with low-back pain and a lumbosacral transitional vertebra. Showing evidence of stress is best accomplished using SPECT. Changes are usually not radiographically evident, but there is a trend for MRI and CT to show findings that imply stress or motion at the articulation. The unique ability of skeletal scintigraphy to provide this physiologic information supports its use in these patients.
High diagnostic stability of confirmed migraine and confirmed tension-type headache according to the ICHD-3 beta in adolescents

Stable headache diagnosis classification is a prerequisite for identification of headache type specific risk factors. Does the stability of a headache diagnosis over time vary between migraine and tension-type headache (TTH)? Are there differences in diagnosis stability between a probable and a definite headache diagnosis? In a sample of 783 students (ages 12 to 18 years) participating in a headache intervention study in greater Munich, the stability of headache classification according to the International Classification of Headache Disorder - third edition (beta version) (ICHD-3 beta) after a follow-up of 7 months was examined. Differences in stability of probable or definite migraine and probable or definite TTH were assessed. The stability of the headache diagnosis was assessed as predictive value of headache diagnosis with regard to confirmation of the headache type using the same diagnostic instrument 7 months later. Predictive values with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. Of students with initial migraine, a diagnosis of migraine was confirmed in 65.71% of students after 7 months (95%-CI [59.40-71.64]). A clear distinction between probable (44.71%, 95%-CI ) and confirmed diagnosis (76.88% 95%-CI [69.56-83.17]) of migraine was observed. For TTH the predictive value was 62.66% (95%-CI [57.07-68.01]) overall with a lower stability for probable (46.10%, 95%-CI [37.68-54.69]) compared to the confirmed diagnosis (69.71%, 95%-CI [23.58-37.67]). While confirmed migraine and confirmed TTH diagnoses seem stable over time, stability of a probable diagnosis for either headache type was lower.
Diagnostic Potential of Zymogen Granule Glycoprotein 2 Antibodies as Serologic Biomarkers in Chinese Patients With Crohn Disease

The need for reliable biomarkers for distinguishing Crohn disease (CD) from ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing. This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic potential of anti-GP2 antibodies as a biomarker in Chinese patients with CD. In addition, a variety of autoantibodies, including anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PANCA), anti-intestinal goblet cell autoantibodies (GAB), and anti-pancreatic autoantibodies (PAB), were evaluated.A total of 91 subjects were prospectively enrolled in this study, including 35 patients with CD, 35 patients with UC, 13 patients with non-IBD gastrointestinal diseases as disease controls (non-IBD DC), and 8 healthy controls (HC). The diagnosis of IBD was determined based on the Lennard-Jones criteria, and the clinical phenotypes of the IBD patients were determined based on the Montreal Classification.Anti-GP2 IgG antibodies were significantly elevated in patients with CD, compared with patients with UC (P = 0.0038), HC (P = 0.0055), and non-IBD DC (P = 0.0063). The prevalence of anti-GP2 IgG, anti-GP2 IgA and anti-GP2 IgA, or IgG antibodies in patients with CD was 40.0%, 37.1%, and 54.3%, respectively, which were higher than those in non-IBD DC (anti-GP2 IgG, 15.4%; anti-GP2 IgA, 7.7%; and anti-GP2 IgA or IgG, 23.1%) and those in patients with UC (anti-GP2 IgG, 11.4%; anti-GP2 IgA, 2.9%; and anti-GP2 IgA or IgG, 14.3%). For distinguishing CD from UC, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and positive likelihood ratios (LR+) were 40%, 88.6%, 77.8%, and 3.51 for anti-GP2 IgG, 37.1%, 97.1%, 92.9%, and 13.0 for anti-GP2 IgA, and 54.3%, 85.3%, 79.2%, and 3.69 for anti-GP2 IgA or IgG. For CD diagnosis, the combination of anti-GP2 antibodies with ASCA IgA increased the sensitivity to 68.6% with moderate loss of specificity to 74.3%. Spearman's rank of order revealed a significantly positive correlation of anti-GP2 IgG with ileocolonic location of disease (L3) (P = 0.043) and a negative correlation of anti-GP2 IgA with biologic therapy (P = 0.012).Our findings suggest that anti-GP2 antibodies could serve as a biomarker for distinguishing patients with CD from patients with UC, and the combination of anti-GP2 antibodies with ASCA IgA may improve the predictive power.
Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection and compensated cirrhosis: An integrated safety and efficacy analysis.

Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and cirrhosis are underrepresented in clinical trials of interferon-free regimens of direct-acting antiviral agents, making it difficult to optimize therapy. We performed a post-hoc analysis of data from seven clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the fixed-dose combination of ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF), with and without ribavirin (RBV), in 513 treatment-naïve and previously treated patients with genotype 1 HCV and compensated cirrhosis. All patients received LDV-SOF for 12 or 24 weeks with or without RBV. We determined the rates of sustained virological response (SVR) 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12) overall and for subgroups. Of the 513 patients analyzed, 69% were previously treated and 47% had failed previous treatment with a protease-inhibitor regimen. Overall, 493 patients (96%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 94%-98%) achieved SVR12, 98% of treatment-naïve and 95% of previously treated patients. SVR12 rates did not vary greatly by treatment duration (95% of patients receiving 12 weeks and 98% of patients receiving 24 weeks of treatment), nor by addition of RBV (95% of patients receiving LDV-SOF alone and 97% of those who received LDV-SOF plus RBV), although previously treated patients receiving 12 weeks of LDV-SOF without RBV had an SVR12 rate of 90%. One patient discontinued LDV-SOF because of an adverse event (AE). The most common AEs were headache (23%), fatigue (16%-19%), and asthenia (14%-16%). One patient (<1%) of those receiving LDV-SOF alone, and 4 (2%) of those receiving LDV-SOF plus RBV had treatment-related serious AEs.



This analysis suggests that 12 weeks of LDV-SOF is safe and effective for treatment-naïve patients with HCV genotype 1 and compensated cirrhosis. The relatively lower SVR in treatment-experienced patients treated with 12 weeks of LDV-SOF raises the question of whether these patients would benefit from adding RBV or extending treatment duration to 24 weeks.
DESIGN SPACE OF PERSONALIZED INDEXING: ENHANCING SUCCESSIVE WEB SEARCHES FOR TRANSMUTING INFORMATION PROBLEMS

Successive searches are very common search behavior in online shopping, Intranet information retrieval and other ordinary information seeking contexts. This study unveils the design space of Personalized Indexing (PI), a tool that supports successive searches for information problems that evolve over sessions. An empirical user study on a representative task of transmuting information problems in the Web context was conducted to evaluate PI. The preliminary result of this user study is briefly reported, confirming that PI does support the searchers well in the problematic areas of the information seeking process it intends to address.
Combined evaluation of rest-redistribution thallium-201 tomography and low-dose dobutamine echocardiography enhances the identification of viable myocardium in patients with chronic coronary artery disease

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether combined evaluation by discriminant analysis of rest-redistribution thallium-201 tomography and low-dose dobutamine echocardiography enhances the accuracy in identifying viable myocardium in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Rest-redistribution 201Tl has high sensitivity but low specificity in identifying viable myocardium, while the opposite is true for low-dose dobutamine echocardiography. Forty-six patients underwent low-dose dobutamine echocardiography and rest-redistribution 201Tl tomography on the same day. Rest echocardiography was repeated at least 30 days (mean 40±20) after myocardial revascularization. Discriminant analysis was applied to the results of 201Tl tomography and dobutamine echocardiography to classify a/dyskinetic segments as viable or non-viable. In 92 a/dyskinetic segments that were revascularized, rest-redistribution 201Tl tomography yielded an accuracy of 75%, while the accuracy of dobutamine echocardiography was 70% (P<0.05). When discriminant analysis was used, the combined evaluation gave an accuracy of 83% (P<0.05 vs both tests). These findings demonstrate that low-dose dobutamine echocardiography and 201Tl imaging are useful and complementary techniques for identifying viable myocardium in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Combined evaluation by discriminant analysis significantly improves accuracy, although the cost-effectiveness of such an approach remains to be determined.
Effects of Kinesio taping for stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

To investigate the effects of Kinesio taping for stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.



Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.



Twenty-one stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain within 6 months of stroke onset in the rehabilitation ward of a medical university hospital in Taiwan.



A 3-week intervention involving a conventional rehabilitation protocol and therapeutic Kinesio taping was conducted with an experimental group of 11 stroke patients. A control group of 10 stroke patients underwent an identical conventional rehabilitation programme and sham Kinesio taping on the hemiplegic shoulder. Numerical rating scale scores, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, ultrasound findings and pain-free passive range of motion of the affected shoulder, were evaluated before and after the intervention. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare within-group continuous variables before and after the intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyse the differences and changes in values between study and control groups.



There was no statistical difference in demographic variables between the 2 groups. Both groups showed improvement in passive range of motion of the shoulder, (mean numerical rating scale 2.36 (standard deviation (SD) 1.03)), and mean Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (16.64 (SD 2.62)) after the intervention (p < 0.001); however, no significant between-group differences were observed in the numerical rating scale score, pain-free passive ROM, and ultrasound findings for the shoulder after 3 weeks of treatment. Concerning the variables changes, the therapeutic Kinesio taping group showed more improvement in the numerical rating scale (p = 0.008), shoulder flexion (p = 0.008), external rotation (p = 0.006), internal rotation (p = 0.040), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (p < 0.001) than the sham Kinesio taping group.



Stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain can experience greater reductions in Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, pain, and improvement in shoulder flexion, external, and internal rotation after 3 weeks of Kinesio taping intervention compared with sham Kinesio taping. Kinesio taping may be an alternative treatment option for stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.
Improvement of β-cell function ameliorated glycemic variability in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes after short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or in combination with sitagliptin treatment: a randomized control trial.

Glycemic variability (GV) has been proposed as contributor to diabetes-related macrovascular complications. This randomized control trial evaluated a new combination therapy with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) plus sitagliptin (CSII + sitagliptin) vs. CSII only in terms of metabolic control, GV and β-cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM). 217 patients were randomized to two weeks of CSII (n = 108) or CSII + sitagliptin (n = 109) therapy. As a measure of GV, the coefficient of variation (CV) was computed from capillary blood glucose during the first and second week, respectively. β-cell function before and after treatment was determined with the Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2). Good metabolic controls were established with both therapies. CSII + sitagliptin therapy resulted in greater improvements in CV and ISSI-2 than CSII alone (all P = 0.000). For each group, change in CV was inversely correlated with change in ISSI-2 (r = -0.529, P = 0.000 and r = -0.433, P = 0.000, respectively). The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that improved ISSI-2 was the only independent contributor to reduced CV in both groups (standardized β = -0.388, P = 0.004 and standardized β = -0.472, P = 0.000, respectively). Correction of β-cell function in newly diagnosed T2DM patients via use of either CSII or CSII + sitagliptin therapy was feasible in controlling GV to prevent secondary complications of T2DM. Moreover, CSII + sitagliptin therapy was superior to CSII monotherapy in terms of GV.
Evaluation of a community health worker intervention and the World Health Organization’s Option B versus Option A to improve antenatal care and PMTCT outcomes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled health systems implementation trial

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. As HIV testing and linkage to PMTCT occurs in antenatal care (ANC), major challenges for any PMTCT option in developing countries, including Tanzania, are delays in the first ANC visit and a low overall number of visits. Community health workers (CHWs) have been effective in various settings in increasing the uptake of clinical services and improving treatment retention and adherence. At the beginning of this trial in January 2013, the World Health Organization recommended either of two medication regimens, Option A or B, for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). It is still largely unclear which option is more effective when implemented in a public healthcare system. This study aims to determine the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of: (1) a community health worker (CWH) intervention and (2) PMTCT Option B in improving ANC and PMTCT outcomes.



This study is a cluster-randomized controlled health systems implementation trial with a two-by-two factorial design. All 60 administrative wards in the Kinondoni and Ilala districts in Dar es Salaam were first randomly allocated to either receiving the CHW intervention or not, and then to receiving either Option B or A. Under the standard of care, facility-based health workers follow up on patients who have missed scheduled appointments for PMTCT, first through a telephone call and then with a home visit. In the wards receiving the CHW intervention, the CHWs: (1) identify pregnant women through home visits and refer them to antenatal care; (2) provide education to pregnant women on antenatal care, PMTCT, birth, and postnatal care; (3) routinely follow up on all pregnant women to ascertain whether they have attended ANC; and (4) follow up on women who have missed ANC or PMTCT appointments.
Terminal complement blockade with pexelizumab during coronary artery bypass graft surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized trial.

Inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass are associated with postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality.



To determine the efficacy and safety of pexelizumab, a C5 complement inhibitor, in reducing perioperative MI and mortality in CABG surgery.



A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, including 3099 patients (> or = 18 years) undergoing CABG surgery with or without valve surgery at 205 hospitals in North America and Western Europe from January 2002 to February 2003.



Patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous pexelizumab (2.0 mg/kg bolus plus 0.05 mg/kg per hour for 24 hours; n = 1553) or placebo (n = 1546) 10 minutes before undergoing the procedure.



The primary composite end point was the incidence of death or MI within 30 days of randomization in those undergoing CABG surgery only (n = 2746). Secondary analyses included the intent-to-treat analyses of death or MI composite at days 4 and 30 in all 3099 study patients.



After 30 days, 134 (9.8%) of 1373 of patients receiving pexelizumab vs 161 (11.8%) of 1359 of patients receiving placebo (relative risk, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-1.02; P =.07) died or experienced MI in the CABG surgery only population. In the intent-to-treat analyses, 178 (11.5%) of 1547 patients receiving pexelizumab vs 215 (14.0%) of 1535 receiving placebo died or experienced MI (relative risk, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.99; P =.03). The trial was not powered to detect a reduction in mortality alone.



Compared with placebo, pexelizumab was not associated with a significant reduction in the risk of the composite end point of death or MI in 2746 patients who had undergone CABG surgery only but was associated with a statistically significant risk reduction 30 days after the procedure among all 3099 patients undergoing CABG with or without valve surgery.
Association between genetic variant on chromosome 12p13 and stroke survival and recurrence: a one year prospective study in Taiwan

The association between ischemic stroke and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 12p13, rs12425791 and rs11833579 appears inconsistent across different samples. These SNPs are close to the ninjurin2 gene which may alter the risk of stroke by affecting brain response to ischemic injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between these two SNPs and ischemic stroke risk, as well as prognostic outcomes in a Taiwanese sample. We examined the relations of these two SNPs to the odds of new-onset ischemic stroke, ischemic stroke subtypes, and to the one year risk of stroke-related death or recurrent stroke following initial stroke in a case-control study. A total of 765 consecutive patients who had first-ever ischemic stroke were compared to 977 stroke-free, age-matched controls. SNPs were genotyped by Taqman fluorescent allelic discrimination assay. The association between ischemic stroke and SNPs were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the effect of individual SNPs on stroke-related mortality or recurrent stroke. There was no significant association between SNP rs12425791 and rs11833579 and ischemic stroke after multiple testing corrections. However, the marginal significant association was observed between SNP rs12425791 and large artery atherosclerosis under recessive model (OR, 2.30; 95%CI, 1.22-4.34; q-value = 0.062). Among the 765 ischemic stroke patients, 59 died or developed a recurrent stroke. After adjustment for age, sex, vascular risk factors and baseline stroke severity, Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated that the hazard ratios were 2.76 (95%CI, 1.34-5.68; q-value, 0.02) and 2.15 (95%CI, 1.15-4.02; q-value, 0.03) for individuals with homozygous variant allele of rs12425791 and rs11833579, respectively. This is a precedent study that found genetic variants of rs12425791 and rs11833579 on chromosome 12p13 are independent predictors of stroke-related mortality or stroke recurrence in patients with incident ischemic stroke in Taiwan. Further study is needed to explore the details of the physiological function and the molecular mechanisms underlying the association of this genetic locus with ischemic stroke.