nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Decentralization of industrial policy as strategic delegation

What is the appropriate degree of centralization in the context of industrial policy? The basic advantage of centralization results from internalization of external effects. While most of the literature stresses the superior information of regional authorities as a countervailing force, the present paper discusses another argument in favor of decentralization: Delegation of authority to regional governments will improve the position of the home country in the policy game with a foreign government. In a linear Cournot oligopoly with two domestic regions delegation is shown to be profitable if the domestic industry comprises at least twice as many firms as the foreign industry.
Evolution of amphibolite-facies structural features and boundary conditions for deformation during exhumation of high- and ultrahigh-pressure rocks, Nordøyane, Western Gneiss Region, Norway: EXHUMATION OF HP AND UHP ROCKS, NORWAY

Geologic mapping and structural analysis of Baltica basement and overlying thrust nappes have yielded a record of the late exhumation history of high-pressure rocks, where strain partitioning has preserved evidence for interpreting the evolution of late structural features. The earliest of these were extensional detachments juxtaposing eclogite-facies rocks against overlying amphibolite-facies rocks that show no evidence for eclogite-facies metamorphism. These early detachments are strongly overprinted and complexly folded, and they represent a phase of upper crustal extension that was active during continued convergence at deeper levels. Younger more localized mylonite zones formed synchronously with tubular, sheath, isoclinal, tight and open folding that shows a progression from WNW to ENE trends. The earliest mylonite zones, interpreted as originally subhorizontal, range in strike through a 20° angle from 110° to 90°. Later steeply dipping mylonite zones, formed under lower amphibolite-facies conditions, strike 75° and locally truncate earlier structures. The youngest mylonite zones, formed under lowest amphibolite conditions, strike 50° and truncate all earlier structures. Folds developed during this progression show the range in orientation from WNW to ENE reflected in the orientations of the mylonite zones that is interpreted to represent progressive evolution during top west shearing. These changes in orientation of the late structural features are interpreted to have been caused by changes in boundary conditions related to transtensional deformation during exhumation. L > S fabrics, absence of axial planar foliation, and chaotic orientations of axial surfaces of granulite to amphibolite-facies folds indicate formation in a constrictional strain field. This is also supported by estimates of the finite strain accumulated at ∼780°C and 45 km and similar observations by previous workers. Assuming a simple monoclinic deformation for transtension, strain estimates and structural measurements indicate apparent transtensional angles of 9–11° that increased to greater than 20° and then decreased to less than 20°. These changes in transtensional angle agree with changes in the orientation of the X-Y plane of strain during exhumation from 45 km to less than ∼20 km depth and appear to reflect changes in the boundary conditions of deformation. This upper crustal transtension is interpreted to have occurred during continued sinistral oblique convergence and provides a mechanism for syncollisional exhumation of HP and UHP metamorphic rocks.
A Precise Formulation of the Third Law of Thermodynamics

The third law of thermodynamics is formulated precisely: all points of the state space of zero temperature  Γ0  are physically adiabatically inaccessible from the state space of a simple system. In addition to implying the unattainability of absolute zero in finite time (or “by a finite number of operations”), it admits as corollary, under a continuity assumption, that all points of  Γ0  are adiabatically equivalent. We argue that the third law is universally valid for all macroscopic systems which obey the laws of quantum mechanics and/or quantum field theory. We also briefly discuss why a precise formulation of the third law for black holes remains an open problem.
Antimicrobial use for symptom management in patients receiving hospice and palliative care: a systematic review.

Patients receiving hospice or palliative care often receive antimicrobial therapy; however the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy for symptom management in these patients is unknown.



The study's objective was to systematically review and summarize existing data on the prevalence and effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy to improve symptom burden among hospice or palliative care patients.



Systematic review of articles on microbial use in hospice and palliative care patients published from January 1, 2001 through June 30, 2011.



We extracted data on patients' underlying chronic condition and health care setting, study design, prevalence of antimicrobial use, whether symptom response following antimicrobial use was measured, and the method for measuring symptom response.



Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria in which prevalence of antimicrobial use ranged from 4% to 84%. Eight studies measured symptom response following antimicrobial therapy. Methods of symptom assessment were highly variable and ranged from clinical assessment from patients' charts to the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale. Symptom improvement varied by indication, and patients with urinary tract infections (two studies) appeared to experience the greatest improvement following antimicrobial therapy (range 67% to 92%).



Limited data are available on the use of antimicrobial therapy for symptom management among patients receiving palliative or hospice care. Future studies should systematically measure symptom response and control for important confounders to provide useful data to guide antimicrobial use in this population.
‘Chipping at the Landmarks of Our Fathers’: The Decline of the Testimony Against Hireling Ministry in the Nineteenth Century*

One of the distinctive features of Quakerism from the 1650s until the 1870s was its stance against any kind of pay for ministers, what Friends referred to as ‘hireling ministry’. Friends viewed a paid, authoritative pastoral ministry as contrary to Scripture, as tending toward preaching that pleased humans rather than God, as limiting the leadings of the Holy Spirit, and as generally corrupting. One of the criticisms of Orthodox by Hicksite Friends in the 1820s was that the Orthodox were compromising this testimony by associating with clergy of other denominations in reform and humanitarian causes, and both Orthodox and Hicksite Friends in the United States invoked this tradition to discourage Friends from joining abolition societies after 1830. Between 1860 and 1900, however, most Friends softened their stance. Hicksites, while eschewing paid ministry, came to view labeling other minister as ‘hirelings’ as being uncharitable and judgmental. American Gurneyites, swept up in a wave of revivalism in the 187...
Time trends of chest pain symptoms and health related quality of life in coronary artery disease

BackgroundThere is at present a lack of knowledge of time trends in health related quality of life (HRQL) in common patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated in ordinary care. The objective of this study is to assess and compare time trends of health related quality of life (HRQL) and chest pain in patients with coronary artery disease.Methods253 consecutive CAD patients in Stockholm County, Sweden – 197 males/56 females; 60 ± 8 years – were followed during two years. Perceived chest pain symptoms and three global assessments of HRQL were assessed at baseline, after one and after two years. EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) with a predefined focus on function and symptoms; the broader tapping global estimates of HRQL; EuroQol VAS (EQ-VAS) and Cardiac Health Profile (CHP) were used. Chest pain was ranked according to Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS). Change in HRQL was analysed by a repeated measurements ANOVA and chest pain symptoms were analysed by Friedman non-parametric ANOVA.ResultsPerceived chest pain decreased during the two years (p < 0.00022); CCS 0: 41–51%; CCS 1: 19–15%; CCS 2: 31–27%; CCS 3: 5–4% and CCS 4: 4–2%. By contrast, HRQL did not change: EQ-5D: 0.76 (CI 0.73–0.79) -0.78 (CI 0.75–0.81), EQ-VAS: 0.68 (CI 0.66–0.71)-0.68 (CI 0.65–0.71) and CHP: 0.66 (CI 0.64–0.69) -0.66 (CI 0.64–0.69).ConclusionHRQL did not increase despite a reduction in the severity of chest pain during two years. This implies that the major part of HRQL in these consecutive ordinary patients with CAD is unresponsive to change in chest pain symptoms.
Unusual behavior of the magnetoresistance of boron carbonitride films at low temperature

We have performed resistivity and magnetoresistance measurements down to 0.3 K, and under fields up to 37 T of boron carbonitride and BC3 films prepared by chemical vapor deposition. The turbostratic structure of the as-deposited materials favors a 2D weak localization effect which is invoked to explain the negative magnetoresistance (MR) as well as the log T variation of the resistivity. However, at very low temperature a positive component is superimposed on the negative MR. At high fields, the total MR is positive and almost isotropic. Usual theories are unable to account for the observed phenomenon. Increasing heat treatments up to 1800 degrees C increase the 2D character of the deposits, which show an increasingly negative magnetoresistance. For still higher treatments, the change of the films to a 3D graphitic-like structure leads to a vanishing of the negative magnetoresistance.
The Remarkable Mrs. Ripley: The Life of Sarah Alden Bradford Ripley

A contemporary of Emerson, Hawthorne, the Alcotts, and other New England Renaissance figures, Sarah Alden Bradford Ripley (1793-1867) is largely unknown to today's readers. Although she left no published works, Sarah is frequently mentioned in letters and journals written by her fellow intellectuals. She was a self-educated classical scholar who was well versed in languages and the sciences, ran a boarding school with her Unitarian minister husband to prepare boys for Harvard College, and raised seven children. Legend has it that she simultaneously rocked a cradle, shelled peas, heard one boy recite his Latin and another, his Greek. In this first biography of the remarkable Mrs. Ripley, Joan W. Goodwin draws on Sarah's letters and the writings of her contemporaries to paint as full a picture as possible of a compelling figure known until now only as a literary footnote. Goodwin reveals the inner drama of a woman's lonely struggle to reconcile the liberal Christian worldview with her own increasing skepticism, and her traditional domestic role with the pursuit of intellectual attainments. The author's skillful presentation of primary materials allows Sarah to speak to the reader in her own voice, particularly through her correspondence with Mary Moody Emerson and Abigail Allyn Francis, lending insight into the anguish that shaped much of her life. In a biography as distinctive as the celebrated woman it depicts, the author re-creates the life and times of Mrs. Ripley and rescues an overlooked New Englander from obscurity. This is a captivating story that will appeal to historians and general readers alike.
The atheist anthropologist: believers and non-believers in anthropological fieldwork

Following a reflection triggered by a fieldwork episode, this paper discusses issues of faith, belief, and personal conviction within anthropological fieldwork and specifically within research carried out in contexts of belief and religious practice. Incorporating fieldwork and biographical accounts taken from research within the (Gypsy) Filadelfia Evangelical Church, I discuss the involvement of personal beliefs and attitudes in anthropological theory and practice, its consequences on the production and circulation of anthropological and interpersonal knowledge, and its importance for the construction of personal relationships within fieldwork contexts. I outline the dynamic and somewhat paradoxical character of this process by comparing two different but sequential field contexts – Lisbon and Madrid.
Fabrication of Graphene/Epoxy Resin Composites with Much Enhanced Thermal Conductivity via Ball Milling Technique

Ball milling is selected to prepare composites of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and epoxy. Much enhanced thermal conductivity was recorded with higher GNP loading, which varied between 5 and 25 wt %. A maximum thermal conductivity of 2.67 W/m·K was found. The prepared composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman. It was found that KNG180, a commercially available kind of natural graphite, with a thickness of 30 ∼ 80 nm were mainly exfoliated into GNPs (<10 layers) with high quality, which were in turn uniformly dispersed in the composites.
Abundance of Life: Etruscan Wall Painting

Etruscan civilisation flourished from the 8th to the 3rd centuries BC, and covered much of the area that is now modern Tuscany. Because of the almost total lack of ancient Greek art from this era, Etruscan wall paintings are the most important examples of pre-Roman painting in the West. "Abundance of Life" traces the stylistic and iconographic evolution of Etruscan wall paintings over their five hundred year history. The earliest paintings were of colourful banquets, hunts and athletic games, but these gave way to scenes of a darker colour and nature as the civilisation declined. In addition, this volume also examines what the paintings reveal about the daily life, politics, and religion of this ancient society.
Kartavya: Understanding Selfless Acts

Kartavya is an important Indian cultural concept which governs social relationships in India. Kartavya expresses itself as a selfless act in the service of attainment of larger societal good. This article, at first, attempts to locate the concept of kartavya in the Indian religio-philosophical text and follows it up by examining how it is understood by lay people through three life narratives. Finally, an attempt is made to understand its nuanced meaning in relationship with the concepts of anA sakti and duty.
Integration of Gravity & Electromagnetism in Terms of a Dirac Polarized Vacuum

Conventionally Maxwell’s equations describe transverse elements described as ‘EM’ waves; but by utilizing the Einstein/de Broglie relations one can derive additional degrees of freedom so that Maxwell’s equations are not ‘cut off’ at the vacuum. Therefore one must employ the  fields in addition to the standard EM suggesting also that the photon is piloted. The two sets of coordinates for the EM or  fields are mutually exclusive and generally considered to be independent of each other. In this work a method is developed for integrating them in terms of a Dirac covariant polarized vacuum and extended theoretical perspectives.
The Socialist Novel in Britain: Towards the Recovery of a Tradition@@@The Radical Imagination and the Liberal Tradition: Interviews with English and American Novelists

N.B. Dates in brackets indicate original date of publication if applicable. Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart.  [1958] Ackroyd, Peter. ‘Future Imperfect.’ Spectator 21 December 1974: 797. Aldiss, Brian. ‘Living in Catastrophe.’ [1988] Doris Lessing: Conversations. Ed. Earl G. Ingersoll. . 169-172. Allott, Miriam, ed. Novelists on the Novel.  Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1959. Appleyard, Bryan. ‘Iris Murdoch as She is Writ.’ [Interview] Times 23 January 1988: 20. Arlett, Robert M. ‘The Dialectical Epic: Brecht and Lessing.’ Twentieth Century Literature 33.1 (1987): 67-79. Bakhtin, Mikhail. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics.  Manchester University Press, 1984. Barrows, John. ‘Iris Murdoch.’ John O’London’s 4 May 1961: 498. Barthes, Roland. The Pleasure of the Text.  Hill and Wang, 1975. Bayley, John. ‘Country Life: The Enigma of Arrival.’ New York Review of Books 9 April 1987: 3-4. Beck, Antony. ‘Doris Lessing and the Colonial Experience.’ The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 19.1 (1984): 64-73. Behr, Edward. ‘People are Proud of Being Stupid.’ [Interview] . Bellamy, Michael O. ‘An Interview with Iris Murdoch.’ Contemporary Literature 18 (1977): 129-140. Bertelsen, Eve. ‘Doris Lessing.’ [1984] Doris Lessing: Conversations. Ed. Earl G. Ingersoll. . 120-145. Berthoff, Warner. ‘Fortunes of the Novel: Muriel Spark and Iris Murdoch.’ Massachusetts Review 8 (1967): 301-332. Bertodano, Helena de. ‘Life is Stronger than Fiction: At 76, Doris Lessing Wants to be Alone.’ [Interview]  An Electronic Supplement to The Edmonton Journal (11 April 1996). Online. Internet. 14 June 1996.
So, you are going to be an engineer!

The term "engineer" may encompass a variety of studies and career paths for the engineering student. It is somewhat like an onion, it appears simple on the surface, but as you peel back the layers, there are many more layers to explore. There is a growing demand in industry for trained, skilled engineers. No matter what field of engineering, engineering support, or other technical field you may choose, you must be able to communicate your findings, suggestions, or results to others. Those "others" will in many cases be other technical or scientific persons, and such communication may be easy.
Buy or copy? A library operations research model

The problem of how much of a branch library's budget shoud be spent on acquisition of new material as opposed to holding capital in reserve to photoduplicate material at the main library upon demand is presented. A mathematical model is constructed and discussed in detail, and a solution procedure basen on a dynamic programming approach is developed. Several photoduplication policies are considered, modeled, and compared. An example problem is presented to show how the formulas work. Thus a library problem representative of the larger problems of library networks is developed further as an example of library operations research.
Consistent Streaming Through Time: A Vision for Event Stream Processing

Event processing will play an increasingly important role in constructing enterprise applications that can immediately react to business critical events. Various technologies have been proposed in recent years, such as event processing, data streams and asynchronous messaging (e.g. pub/sub). We believe these technologies share a common processing model and differ only in target workload, including query language features and consistency requirements. We argue that integrating these technologies is the next step in a natural progression. In this paper, we present an overview and discuss the foundations of CEDR, an event streaming system that embraces a temporal stream model to unify and further enrich query language features, handle imperfections in event delivery and define correctness guarantees. We describe specific contributions made so far and outline next steps in developing the CEDR system.
Why the English like turbans: a history of multiculturalism in one country

Book synopsis: 
 
This major collection of essays challenges many of our preconceptions about British political and social history from the late eighteenth century to the present. Inspired by the work of Gareth Stedman Jones, twelve leading scholars explore both the long-term structures – social, political and intellectual – of modern British history, and the forces that have transformed those structures at key moments. The result is a series of insightful, original essays presenting new research within a broad historical context. Subjects covered include the consequences of rapid demographic change in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; the forces shaping transnational networks, especially those between Britain and its empire; and the recurrent problem of how we connect cultural politics to social change. An introductory essay situates Stedman Jones's work within the broader historiographical trends of the past thirty years, drawing important conclusions about new directions for scholarship in the twenty-first century.
Spatial Variation of the Radioactive Element Polonium-210 in a Coal Burning Power Plant Area of Malaysia

This study presents the results of Po-210 analysis in water, total suspended solid and sediment samples collected from a coal burning power plant area of Malaysia. Hierarchical cluster analysis has been used to classify the sampling station based on the activity of Po-210. The calculation of flux allowed examining the vulnerability of study location based on the concentrations of Po-210. Among all the stations, ash pond is detected as the most vulnerable location and the less affected area is the inlet. Even though the fluxes of water and sediment are not so high, the coastal sea became the second most vulnerable station because of the higher Po-210 activity in TSS. As a whole, the study clearly indicates the impact of coal burning on the marine environment of Kapar coastal area of Malaysia.
Review on Machine Learning based Network Intrusion Detection Techniques

The security given to a network from unapproved access and dangers is broadly called as network security. It is the obligation of network managers to embrace preventive measures to shield their networks from potential security dangers. Computer networks that are associated with consistent data transactions inside the administration or business require security. The exponential development in the information that streams inside network, the quantity of individuals active on network, makes it essential to have a productive system that disallows outsiders to attack and access secret information. Consistently developing digital attacks should be checked to defend classified information. Machine learning methods which have a critical part in distinguishing the attacks are for the most part utilized as a part of the advancement of Intrusion Detection Systems. Because of colossal increment in network activity and diverse sorts of attacks, checking every single parcel in the system movement is tedious and computational serious
Studying the effects of information and communication technology on the performance of small and medium sized enterprises in Iran

Information and communication technology (ICT) in today's developing world, is on the assets and necessities for development and growth of companies, especially for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) which play an important role in the economy of each and every country and are capable of bringing about results like effectiveness, profitability, decreasing trading costs, better marketing and customer orientation. In this article, we have studied the effect of ICT investment and usage on the performance of small and medium sized enterprises in the selected districts using panel data method. The aforementioned enterprises were consisted of 10 to 49 staffed enterprises in those districts in the years of 1998-2009. Results show that ICT usage and investment have a positive effect on the performance of small and medium sized enterprises. Moreover, considering the results of our approximation, it is obvious that ICT investment has a lower profit ratio in short term as opposed to that of the other production factors.