nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Economics and Evolution: Bringing Life Back into Economics.

Economic theory is currently at a crossroads, where many leading mainstream economists are calling for a more realistic and practical orientation for economic science. Indeed, many are suggesting that economics should be reconstructed on evolutionary lines.This book is about the application to economics of evolutionary ideas from biology. It is not about selfish genes or determination of our behavior by genetic code. The idea that evolution supports a laissez-faire policy is rebutted. The conception of evolution as progress toward greater perfection, along with the competitive individualism sometimes inferred from the notion of the "survival of the fittest," is found to be problematic. Hodgson explores the ambiguities inherent in biology and the problems involved in applying ideas of past economic thinkers--including Malthus, Smith, Marx, Marshall, Veblen, Schumpeter, and Hayek--and argues that the new evolutionary economics can learn much from the many differing conceptions of economic evolution."This is a work of enormous perceptivity and subtlety as well as judiciousness of interpretation and critique . . . [that] establish[es] Hodgson as the leading institutional theorist, and as one of the leading evolutionary theorists, of his generation." --Warren J. Samuels"A daring and successful attempt to expunge the monopoly of reductionist and mechanistic thinking over evolutionary theory . . . a must for anyone who is interested not only in the foundations of economics, but also in the foundations of social theory." --Elias L. Khalil, Ohio State UniversityGeoffrey M. Hodgson is University Lecturer in Economics, Judge Institute for Management Studies, University of Cambridge.
СУБЪЕКТО-ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ТЕКСТА В ТРИЛОГИЯХ Л. ТОЛСТОГО И М. ГОРЬКОГО

The author discusses the features of the poetics of L. Tolstoi’s trilogy “Childhood”, “Boyhood”, “Youth” and M. Gor'kii’s trilogy “My Childhood”, “In the World”, “My Universities”, studies the problem of artistic commonness in two works and the fundamental differences between their structural organization, and concludes that the subjective organization of the text in Tolstoi’s autobiography tends to monostructure, and in Gor'kii’s one – to two-in-one plot and narrative type.
Sorting of user browser history based on the relevance

Various embodiments provide a Web browser that employs a relevancy algorithm to make an educated guess as to the likelihood of a user's intended destination when the user begins to enter text into a browser's address bar. In one or more embodiments, the relevancy algorithm employs various parameters and assigns weights to the parameters to arrive at a collection of suggestions to provide to the user. By using various rules, associated weightings, and the relevancy algorithm, relevant suggestions can be provided to a user to facilitate their navigation activities.
Interdependence through time: relationships in post-Keynesian thought and the care literature.

Does Hyman Minsky's 'general interdependence through time' have anything to do with Carol Gilligan's 'narrative of relationships that extends over time'? Both post-Keynesian theory and the feminist 'care literature' embrace calendar time and fundamental uncertainty. Both investigate the properties of networks of wittingly-formed forward commitments between actors. If some prominent writers in the care literature are right, these networks merit their own social-ontological status, because they are reducible neither to individual behaviour nor structure.
Down with the old canoe : a cultural history of the Titanic disaster, with a new afterword

Everyone from suffragists to their opponents; radicals, reformers, and capitalists; critics of technology and modern life; racists and xenophobes and champions of racial and ethnic equality; editorial writers and folk singers, preachers and poets found moral and cultural lessons in the sinking of the Titanic. In a new edition that both commemorates the one hundredth anniversary of the disaster and elaborates, in a revised afterword, on the ship's continued impact on the public imagination (evidenced by the Titanic mania evoked by James Cameron's 1997 film), Steven Biel explores the Titanic in all its complexity and contradictions.
Evolutionary and Neo-Schumpeterian Approaches to Economics

1. The Neo-Schumpeterian and Evolutionary Approach to Economics - an Introduction L. Magnusson.   The Unit which Evolves: Linking Self-Reproduction and Self-Interest M. Hutter. 4. On the Nature of Economic Evolution: John R. Commons and the Metaphor of Artificial Selection Y. Ramstad. Part II: Neo-Schumpeterian Dynamics. 5. The Phenomenon of Economic Change: Neoclassical vs. Schumpeterian Approaches K. Dopfer. 6. The Theory of the Firm and the Theory of Economic Growth G. Eliasson. 7. Evolutionary Regimes and Industrial Dynamics G. Dosi, F. Malerba, L. Orsenigo. 8. The Role of Firm Difference in an Evolutionary Theory of Technical Advance R. Nelson. Part III: Critique and New Challenges. 9. The Integration of Theory and History: Methodology and Ideology in Schumpeter's Economics W. Lazonick. 10. Neo-Schumpeterians and Economic Theory A. Heertje.  From GNP-Growth to Ecological Sustainability P. Soderbaum. Innovations and Institutions: an Historical Approach L. Magnusson, G. Marklund. Index.
Effect of surfactant hydrophobicity on the pathway for unfolding of ubiquitin.

This paper describes the interaction between ubiquitin (UBI) and three sodium n-alkyl sulfates (SC(n)S) that have the same charge (Z = -1) but different hydrophobicity (n = 10, 12, or 14). Increasing the hydrophobicity of the n-alkyl sulfate resulted in (i) an increase in the number of distinct intermediates (that is, complexes of UBI and surfactant) that form along the pathway of unfolding, (ii) a decrease in the minimum concentrations of surfactant at which intermediates begin to form (i.e., a more negative ΔG(binding) of surfactant for UBI), and (iii) an increase in the number of surfactant molecules bound to UBI in each intermediate or complex. These results demonstrate that small changes in the hydrophobicity of a surfactant can significantly alter the binding interactions with a folded or unfolded cytosolic protein.
Oxidation of Caffeine by Permanganate Ion in Perchloric and Sulfuric Acids Solutions: A Comparative Kinetic Study

The kinetics of oxidations of caffeine by permanganate ion in both perchloric and sulfuric acids solutions have been investigated spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength of 1.0 mol dm -3 and at 25°C. In both acids, the reaction-time curves were obtained with a sigmoid profile suggesting an autocatalytic effect caused by Mn(II) ions formed as a reaction product. Both catalytic and non-catalytic processes were determined to be first order with respect to the permanganate ion and caffeine concentrations, whereas the orders with respect to [H+] and [Mn(II)] were found to be less than unity. Variation of either ionic strength or dielectric constant of the medium had no significant effect on the oxidation rates. Spectroscopic studies and Michaelis-Menten plots showed no evidence for the formation of intermediate complexes in both acids suggesting that the reactions point towards the outer-sphere pathway. The reactions mechanism adequately describing the kinetic results was proposed. In both acids, the main oxidation products of caffeine were identified as 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid. Under comparable experimental conditions, the oxidation rate of caffeine in perchloric acid was slightly higher than that in sulfuric acid. The constants involved in the different steps of the reactions mechanism have been evaluated. With admiration to the rate-limiting step of these reactions, the activation parameters have been evaluated and discussed.
Building information modelling : what is in there for the architects?

Despite the rapid growth in capabilities and availability of BIM supporting technologies the industry has been slow to adopt BIM in practice. A number of factors inhibiting BIM adoption have been reported in literature such as work practice, resistance to change, lack of business in itiatives, and so on . Most of these researches have focussed at specific disciplines of the AEC industry and surveys and questionnaires have generally been used to collect data. This paper reports on the findings of an actidnoriented research that aims at developing strategies and measures for greater adoption of BIM in the industry. The findings reported in this paper build on the earlier research on BIM by adopting Focus Group Interviews (FGls) as the source of data collection. FGls provide a forum for the representatives from different disciplines in the AEC industry including architects, engineers, contractors, software application vendors, consultants, project managers, academicians and people from government agencies, to share their views on BIM adoption issues. The discussions were recorded on tapes and segmented and analyzed using a coding scheme developed specifically for the study. This paper discusses the BIM related issues from the perspective of the architecture, primarily focusing on the awareness, perception and knowledge of BIM among architects. A discussion with respect to the other disciplines is also presented to demonstrate differences in perception across the design (architects! engineers) and non-design (contractors! facility managers) disciplines. Conference theme: Design computing and cognition
Microsporidia: emerging advances in understanding the basic biology of these unique organisms.

Microsporidia are long-known parasites of a wide variety of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. The emergence of these obligate intracellular organisms as important opportunistic pathogens during the AIDS pandemic and the discovery of new species in humans renewed interest in this unique group of organisms. This review summarises recent advances in the field of molecular biology of microsporidia which (i) contributed to the understanding of the natural origin of human-infecting microsporidia, (ii) revealed unique genetic features of their dramatically reduced genome and (iii) resulted in the correction of their phylogenetic placement among eukaryotes from primitive protozoans to highly evolved organisms related to fungi. Microsporidia might serve as new intracellular model organisms in the future given that gene transfer systems will be developed.
History's Contributions to the Renewal in the Sociology of the State. Crossed Franco-American Perspectives

In France as well as across the Atlantic, historians' interest in the State is relatively recent. In 1990, Rosanvallon was still deploring the state's status as a "historical non-object", whereas, three years earlier, for Leuchtenburg, then president of the Organization of American historians, the State remained a "new frontier" to be conquered for the discipline.
A Theory of the Informal Sector

In many countries, especially poor countries, a heavy burden of taxes, bribes, and bureaucratic hassles drives many producers into the informal sector. Is this situation explicable only as a consequence of either the ignorance or the ineptitude of the state authorities? On the contrary this paper shows that we can attribute the existence of a large informal sector to the fact that, because productive endowments contain important unobservable components, the state cannot adjust the amounts that it extracts from producers in the formal sector according to each producer's endowment. Given this fact we find that, if either the distribution of endowments is sufficiently inegalitarian or the production of private substitutes for public services is sufficiently easy, then the state would extract a large enough amount from producers in the formal sector that poorly endowed producers would choose to work in the informal sector. This result obtains both for a proprietary state, which maximizes its own net revenue, and for a hypothetical benevolent state, which would maximize the total net income of producers. But, we also find that a proprietary state would create an informal sector for a larger set of combinations of parameter values than would a hypothetical benevolent state.
Maastrichtian to early Tertiary stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Central and Northern Oman Mountains

They form part of a geologically distinct suite of strata deposited after obduction of the Semail ophiolite and thrusting of the Hawasina and Sumeini imbricates onto the eastern edge of the Arabian plate. The lithostratigraphy of Maastrichtian and early Tertiary rocks of the central and northern Oman Mountains is revised and a number of new formations are erected. The proto-Oman Mountains were emergent in the early Maastrichtian and were subject to subaerial erosion and weathering. NW and W of the mountains, gradual subsidence followed during the Maastrichtian, allowing for formation of a transgressive, onlapping sequence represented by the Qahlah (fluviatile to shallow marine terrigenous clastics) and Simsima (shallow shelf carbonate) Formations. More rapid subsidence NE of the mountains produced fan delta and submarine debris flow/turbidite apron sequences comprising the Al Khawd and Thaqab Formations respectively. A low-angle unconformity separates Tertiary strata from older units. During the Palaeogene, basinal and slope facies with debris flows and turbidite sequences were deposited directly upon the unconformity surface in rapidly subsiding basins NW (Muthaymimah Formation) and NNE (Ruwaydah Formation) of the Oman Mountains. Elsewhere, shallow carbonate shelf facies were extensively developed in less rapidly subsiding areas during the Palaeogene. The Palaeocene and early Eocene is represented by the Jafnayn Limestone Formation. This is succeeded and overlapped by a variety of later Eocene units. ENE and E of the mountains early Eocene regression is marked by restricted facies of the Rusayl Formation. Overlying the Rusayl Formation are shallow, open shelf limestones of the Seeb Formation which is rich in alveolinid and nummulitic foraminifera. On the Arabian side of the mountains the Rusayl Formation is not developed and the Jafnayn Formation is succeeded either by the Seeb Formation or fine-grained, faunally restricted limestones and marls of the Fahud Beds, which represent intra-shelf facies.
Why universities matter : a conversation about values, means, and directions

ContributorsPrefacePART ONE1 Universities and the ideals of inquiry - Tony Coady2 Truth and the university - Raimond Gaita3 The university and its public - Stuart Macintyre & Simon Marginson4 Australian universities today - John Molony5 Ends and means in university policy decisions - Bruce LangtryPART TWO6 The value of fundamental inquiry: the view from physics - Tony Klein7 Academic autonomy - Seumas Miller8 Blurred visions - Janet McCalman9 Competition and collegiality - Judith BrettPART THREE10 Funding universities - Peter Karmel11 Research as a managed economy: the costs - Simon Marginson12 Australian universities: a contestable future - Jane MarceauAfterword: The body in question - Morag FraserIndex
Economically Relevant Human Capital or Multi-Purpose Consumption Good? Book Ownership in Pre-Modern Württemberg

Human capital is widely regarded as central to economic growth but historical analyses find no causal link between standard literacy indicators and economic development. Book consumption has been proposed as an alternative indicator which has the advantage of measuring economically relevant human capital. We investigate this possibility using individual-level data from a German region between 1610 and 1900. Book ownership was widespread in this society from an early date. But multivariate analysis reveals that the relationship between book ownership and signatures, the standard literacy measure, differed substantially across time-periods, locations, and social groups. Book consumption was associated with other variables – time, gender, urbanization, migration status, and wealth – in ways inconsistent with its having conveyed the “useful knowledge” of industrial and commercial matters emphasized as the way books might have measured economically relevant human capital. Book consumption is interesting in its own right and casts light on important aspects of the preferences of pre-modern economic agents, but cannot serve as an indicator of human capital for historical analyses of economic growth.
Making Undocumented Immigrants into a Legitimate Political Subject: Theoretical Observations from the United States and France:

Over the last 20 years, the global North has witnessed the growing prominence of immigrant rights movements. This article examines how this highly stigmatized population has achieved a certain degree of legitimacy in hostile political environments. The central claim of the article is that this kind of legitimacy is initially achieved through the efforts of activists to represent undocumented immigrants in ways that resonate with the normative values of the nation. The author examines how activist networks are formed to present their cases within national political fields and the effects of this process on the political identities of immigrants and their respective citizenship regimes. The process of gaining legitimacy is contradictory. It contributes to nationalizing the political identities of foreigners and reproducing the exclusionary logic of national citizenship regimes. But in doing this, it encourages those who cannot conform to national values to embrace more radical and universal conceptions of r...
Limit Theorems for a General Stochastic Rumour Model

We study a general stochastic rumour model in which an ignorant individual has a certain probability of becoming a stifler immediately upon hearing the rumour. We refer to this special kind of stifler as an uninterested individual. Our model also includes distinct rates for meetings between two spreaders in which both become stiflers or only one does, so that particular cases are the classical Daley-Kendall and Maki-Thompson models. We prove a Law of Large Numbers and a Central Limit Theorem for the proportions of those who ultimately remain ignorant and those who have heard the rumour but become uninterested in it.
Special issue with selected industrial experience papers of EuroSPI22005

EuroSPI is an initiative with three major goals http://www.eurospi.net: • An annual EuroSPI conference supported by Software Process Improvement Networks from different EU countries; • Establishing an Internet-based knowledge library, newsletters, and a set of proceedings and recommended books; and • Establishing an effective team of national representatives (from each EU country) growing step by step into the other countries of Europe.
The Classical Marxist Critiques of Religion: Marx, Engels, Lenin, Kautsky

1: Marx's Critique Of Religion.- Religion and the Unity of Marx's Thought.- The Beginning and End of Critisism.- From Natural Religion to the Religion of Civil Society.- The Substance and Functions of Religion.- 2: Engels' Critique of Religion.- Engels' Role in the Critisism of Religion.- From the Inception of Religion to its Transcendence.- The Masks and Disguises of Religion.- The Unity of Engels' Critique of Religion.- 3: Lenin's Critique of Religion.- The Origins, Development, Substance, and Functions of Religion.- Religion and the Unity of Marx, Engels, and Lenin.- Shamefaced Idealism, God-Building, and the Disadvantages of Improved Religion.- 4: Kautsky's Critique of Religion.- Toward a Developed Materialist Theory of Religion.- Religion from Biblical Times to the Twentieth Century.- The Substance and Functions of Religion.- Kautsky: Stalwart Marxist or Renegade?.-
Selective Outpatient Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Elderly: Results from the SOME Bleeding Study.

To determine whether elderly patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding could be safely managed as outpatients, 84 patients (65 years and older) were studied over a 23-month period. Urgent outpatient endoscopy was performed and clinical as well as endoscopic criteria were applied to determine the need for hospital admission. Patients with endoscopic findings that indicated a low risk for rebleeding were not admitted if they lacked one major or three minor predefined clinical criteria. All enrollees were monitored with hematocrit determination and clinical assessments for 4 weeks after discharge from the clinic or hospital. Twenty-four (29%) patients were treated as outpatients; none rebled. In contrast, seven (12%) of the 60 inpatients had one or more rebleeding episodes (p = 0.002). Bleeding from peptic ulcer disease was associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications in 81% of patients. We conclude that selective outpatient management of elderly patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be done safely and can potentially reduce health care expenditures.
The Distribution of Political Participation in Norway: Alternative Perspectives on a Problem of Democratic Theory *

How citizen participation is distributed within the population is one of several fundamental questions of general significance to democratic theorists. This article briefly reviews some of the most salient normative arguments regarding the distribution of democratic citizen participation and then turns to the principal conceptual-methodological issues to be encountered when considering the basic empirical question. Against this background the Norwegian case is discussed in detail, first in light of prior synchronic investigations, then by means of a diachronic analysis of panel study data from the 1965, 1969 and 1973 national election surveys. These analyses document more broadly based citizen participation in Norway than might otherwise be anticipated and discredit the idea of a cumulative hierarchical overlap pattern of political involvement. The article concludes with a discussion of several considerations relating to these findings, all of which suggest the need for greater sensitivity and explicitness among those who would advance claims or comparisons regarding the distribution of citizen participation in modern democracies.
Schubert's Poets and the Making of Lieder

The Sappho of Vienna': Gabriele von Baumberg and the disasters of war 2. The lyre and the sword: Theodor Korner and the lied 3. Chromatic melancholy: John Mayrhofer and Schubert 4. En route to Winterreise: Ernst Schulze and the sisterly muses, or a study in Romantic psychopathy.
Achievements and Prospective of Eco-environment Study in Red Earth Hilly Region of Southern China

Since the 1980s,researchers from Integrated Scientific Survey Team of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Southern China Mountainous Region and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,have done a lot of study on the comprehensive scientific investigation of natural resources,the demonstration of agricultural science and technologic development,and the application of fundamental theories.Outstanding contributions have been made to the ecological restoration and sustainable development of economy in red soil hilly regions.New progress has been made in material cycling mechanism and its responses to global climate change.Based on the main structure thread of the development of Qianyanzhou Station,this paper reviews on the achievements and development of the eco-environment study in red earth hilly region of southern China.
Superconducting Superfluids in Neutron Stars

For treatment of the layers below the crust of a neutron star it is useful to employ a relativistic model involving three independently moving constituents, representing superfluid neutrons, superfluid protons, and degenerate negatively charged leptons. A Kalb Ramond type formulation is used here to develop such a model for the specific purpose of application at the semi macroscopic level characterised by lengthscales that are long compared with the separation between the highly localised and densely packed proton vortices of the Abrikosov type lattice that carries the main part of the magnetic flux, but that are short compared with the separation between the neutron vortices.