nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-progressive mantle-melt evolution and magma production in a Tethyan marginal sea: A case study of the Albanide-Hellenide ophiolites

We present a comprehensive overview of the melt evolution of the upper mantle peridotites and different lava types occurring in the Jurassic Albanide-Hellenide ophiolites, based on new and extant geochemical data and trace element modeling. Peridotites consist of lherzolites and harzburgites that are variably depleted, and show increasing light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment with increasing whole-rock depletion. The spatial-temporal relationships of volcanic rocks indicate four discrete types with progressively younging ages: (1) normal midoceanic ridge basalts (N-MORBs); (2) medium-Ti basalts (MTBs); (3) island arc tholeiitic (IAT) basalts; (4) boninitic rocks. Our REE modeling reveals the following results. (1) Moderately depleted lherzolites represent N-MORB mantle residua produced by 10%–20% partial melting of a depleted MORB mantle source. Melt extraction formed N-MORB lavas. (2) Residual lherzolite underwent 5%–8% partial melting without any subduction influence, producing MTB magmas. (3) Following subduction initiation, these refractory lherzolites were enriched in LREEs by subduction-derived fluids. Their partial melting (~10%–20%) generated IAT magmas. (4) With continued subduction, the highly depleted residual mantle left after the previous melting events underwent significant LREE enrichment and high degree (15%–25%) partial melting, producing the youngest, boninitic rocks. The residual mantle after boninitic melt extraction is represented by extremely refractory harzburgites. This progressive melt evolution of the upper mantle peridotites and volcanic rock types is compatible with that of the subduction initiation–related magmatism and mantle dynamics in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc-trench rollback system, and indicates a time-progressive mantle-melt evolution in the upper plate of the Tethyan subduction system. LITHOSPHERE; v. 10;  p. 35–53; GSA Data Repository Item 2017330 | Published online 14 September 2017
James Joyce: Texts and Contexts

James Joyce stands at the forefront of modernism - a writer whose work has gained a unique status in modern Western culture.This book offers an introduction to reading and studying Joycean texts and surveys the key contexts - literary, historical, political, philosophical and compositional - which shaped and determined them. By identifying and engaging with Joyce's writing methods and style, the book opens up strategies and approaches for reading his complex texts. It also introduces the critical reception of Joyce and his work, from the early structuralist and 'myth' critics, through deconstruction, to recent developments including historical criticism and genetic criticism.
Arguments Concerning the Criterion of Truth in the Modern History of Philosophy in Western Europe

The thesis that social practice is the only criterion by which to judge truth has now become common sense in Marxist philosophy. However, the formulation of the thesis came as a result of the long period of exploration and struggle over the issue of the criterion of truth in the history of human knowledge. In Europe, the criterion has varied from the scholasticism of the Middle Ages, through the capitalist philosophy of modern times, to Marxist philosophy, according to the different philosophical lines and different viewpoints on truth. In a nutshell, in the Middle Ages, the criterion was the religious inquisition based on dogmas in the "Bible." In opposing the ecclesiastic theology of the Middle Ages, capitalist philosophers in modern times presented "judgment by rationality." On the issue of the criterion of truth, some of them stressed rationality, while others emphasized experience. Only when Marxist philosophy proposed judgment on the basis of social practice was the issue truly resolved scientifically.
Red City, Blue Period: Social Movements in Picasso's Barcelona

In Red City, Blue Period, Kaplan combines the methods of anthropology and the new cultural history to examine the civic culture of Barcelona between 1888 and 1939. She analyzes the peculiar sense of solidarity the citizens forged and explains why shared experiences of civic culture and pageantry sometimes galvanized resistance to authoritarian national governments but could not always overcome local class and gender struggles. She sheds light on the process by which principles of regional freedom and economic equity developed and changed in a city long known for its commitment to human dignity and artistic achievement. Although scholars increasingly recognize the relationship between so-called high art and popular culture, little has been done to explain what opens the eyes of artists to folk figures and religious art. Kaplan shows how artists like Picasso and Joan Miro, playwright Santiago Russinyol, the cellist Pablo Casals, and the architect Antonio Gaudi, as well as anarchists and other political activists, both shaped and were influenced by the artistic and political culture of Barcelona.
Nicolas Bérauld, laissé pour compte des « Bonnes Lettres ». Monographie sur l’humaniste orléanais Nicolas Bérauld (c. 1470-c. 1555)

This monography intends to highlight the fundamental contribution which was brought by Nicolas Berauld (c. 1470- c. 1550), humanist born in Orleans at the beginning of the XVIth century, for the benefit of the establishment of a specific french humanism. Teacher, publisher, printer, librarian, jurist and even writer, this multitalented humanist, very famous during his time, has fallen in oblivion nowadays: he is, as the title of this work points it off, a laisse pour compte des « Bonnes Lettres » who needs to get back the appreciation he deserves. He relentlessly intervened in many fields of activity. He brought on a deep thinking about languages, as he was interested in latin improvisation and contributed to the rise of greek, still very little studied at the beginning of the XVIth century. The model of the grammaticus inspired his activities, exactly the way Quintilian figured it in his Institutio Oratoria, which means that he could be at the same time encyclopaedist, publisher, commentator and teacher. This versatile grammaticus was bound to tangle with every field of his time knowledge. This made Berauld either to pay attention to the aesthetic and creative dimension of language, its « poietic », or to get involved into the great ideological debates which stired up his time (as for politics, law or religion). To study the career of this humble teacher is also a way to pay tribute to the early stage of humanism, more or less put in the shade by the bright time of the Royal Lectors and of the Pleiade.
Effective Interactions In Neutron-Rich Matter

Properties of effective interactions in neutron-rich matter are reflected in the medium's equation of state (EOS), which is a relationship among several state variables. Spin and isospin asymmetries play an important role in the energy balance and could alter the stability conditions of the nuclear EOS. The EOS has far-reaching consequences for numerous nuclear processes in both the terrestrial laboratories and the cosmos. Presently the EOS, especially for neutron-rich matter, is still very uncertain. Heavy-ion reactions provide a unique means to constrain the EOS, particularly the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. On the other hand, microscopic, self-consistent, and parameter-free approaches are ultimately needed for understanding nuclear properties in terms of the fundamental interactions among the basic constituents of nuclear systems. In this talk, after a brief review of our recent studies on spin-polarized neutron matter, we discuss constraining the changing rate of the gravitational constant $G$ and properties of (rapidly) rotating neutron stars by using a nuclear EOS partially constrained by the latest terrestrial nuclear laboratory data.
MODELS OF THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ARITHMETIC.

This paper announces various extensions of the author's new formulation of the "Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic" (abbreviated FTA) 1-I so as to classify all multiplicative models of FTA and to show new relations between additive number theory and multiplicative number theory. Further, certain connections are given between the theory to be presented, and algebra (especially ideal theory a la Kummer-Kronecker-Hilbert) and analysis (as concern limiting distributions for squarefree numbers). In general, proofs are not given here. 1. The basic method of the author is reflexive induction, i.e., applying a rule to a portion of the entity obtained from a prior application of that same rule. If a reflexive induction terminates in a finite number of steps, it is called a finite reflexive induction, otherwise an infinite reflexive induction. For example, the Euclidean Algorithm is obtained from the Division Algorithm by finite reflexive induction upon the Division Algorithm; in full strength, Fermat's method of infinite descent4 makes use of an infinite reflexive induction to obtain the standard kind of contradiction for a reductio ad absurdum proof. The new formulation of FTA uses finite reflexive induction in that it applies the standard Gaussian model of FTA,5 viz., n = pla1 P2a2 ... pa to a portion of itself, i.e., to the natural number exponents given by the Gaussian model, until the process terminates. Finiteness of the induction follows by the Well-ordering Principle. The final (unique) configuration of primes alone that represents a natural number is called a mosaic. For example, the mosaic of 10,000 is 222 522, and consists of primes alone. LEMMA 1 (alternate formulation of FTA). There exists a 1-1 effectively calculable function' v from the natural numbers onto mosaics (identify 1 with the "empty" mosaic). Upon taking the simple product of the primes alone appearing in the mosaic of a natural number, one can define an interesting effectively calculable number-theoretic function f,6 from the natural numbers onto the natural numbers.3 For example, recalling the mosaic of 10,000 given above, ,1 (10,000) = 2 2 2 2 2 5 = 160, and ,1 (s) = s for every square-free natural number s. LEMMA 2. Let N be the set of all natural numbers, i.e., strictly positive integers. Put 12 = {(+(.)), and define /t, k > 3, recursively. Then { 1: iEN is an infinite recursive set of effectively calculable number-theoretic functions, all intimately related to FTA. The proof of Lemma 2 depends, in part, upon S. C. Kleene's Basic Theorem concerning infinite recursive sets.7 At this point we introduce additive notions into the context of FTA in the obvious way, viz., defining another integer-valued number-theoretic function At* by taking the simple sum of the primes alone that appear in the mosaic of a natural number. For example, V,/*(10,000) = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 5 = 15, and 4,*(p) = pfor every prime p. LEMMA 3. 4,t* is an effectively calculable number-theoretic function. At* (n) <
The Price of Motherhood: Why the Most Important Job in the World Is Still the Least Valued@@@The Invisible Heart: Economics and Family Values@@@Unbending Gender: Why Family and Work Conflict and What to Do about It

The Price ofMotherhood is a compelling book, so well documented as to be virtually unimpeachable. It should be required reading for every first year college student, or better still, part of the high school curriculum. Maybe then we could look forward to an honest public discussion about the dangerous ideologies and policies that work against mothers and children in America. We could begin to focus on valuing the family instead of bludgeoning women with the hollow club of "family values." Crittenden argues that women who mother face discrimination and she illustrates the myriad ways in which that discrimination has been institutionalized and perpetuated by public policy, the legal system, and the values of "turbo-capitalism." In particular, she shows how mothers and children are devalued by the childcare industry. Crittenden debunks myths that have worked to further complicate and denigrate the work ofmothers, such as the myth that children necessarily suffer when mothers work outside the home ("mothers today spend as much if not more time with their children as mothers did in the 1960's" (19); the myth that
Van Aura tot Stigma: Over de waardering van het werk van de katholieke beeldhouwer Steph Uiterwaal

The development of Dutch sculpture in the period between I920 and I940 may be characterised as regressive. This is commonly considered to be due to the influence of Jan Bronner, who was professor of sculpture at the state academy (Rijksacademie) in Amsterdam at that time. Bronner was an exponent of a solid education, founded on a thorough understanding of human anatomy and on materials research, rather than on frivolous form experiments. This explanation, with its emphasis on Bronner's influence, has led to a simplification of the history of modern Dutch sculpture into a genealogical scheme based on three generations of sculptors, with Bronner as the main figure. The result was that several sculptors who were not educated at the state academy were not mentioned in the history of Dutch art. This happened to many Catholic sculptors who, like craftsmen, trained as apprentices at sculptors' studios. Steph Uiterwaal (I889-I960) was one of these Catholic sculptors, but although his education was traditional, his work is not. In the late I920 s and early I930 s , Uiterwaal experimented with a number of contemporary styles, such as cubism and constructivism. He was a true avant-garde artist. Still, like many of his Catholic companions, he was forgotten. This misconception has never been rectified because between the two World Wars, Dutch society was strongly divided along political and religious lines. This meant, for example, that there was a demand for Catholic craftsmen. After the Second World War, this division of society gradually eroded, and society became more open (the Dutch refer to this as de-pillarisation, from the pillars into which Dutch society had become divided). There was no longer a demand for Catholic artists, so that both they and their work sank into obscurity, leading to a distortion of the history of Dutch sculpture. This article may help to give this group of sculptors their due.
Effect of Temperature on s-Ribonucleic Acid Aggregation induced by Magnesium Ions

RECENTLY, the aggregation of sRNA from Escherichia coli has been reported1. At neutral pH and at 25° C the aggregation process is dependent on nucleic acid and magnesium ion concentration. In 0.02 M magnesium, the aggregates dissociate into monomer units at low nucleic acid concentrations. This report shows that a modest increase in temperature (from 25° C to 45° C) partially dissociates the aggregates and that the decrease in molecular weight is reflected in the viscosity thermal profile.
Growth dynamics and thermal stability of Ni nanocrystalline nanowires

The growth dynamics and the thermal stability of a Ni nanocrystalline nanowire (NNW) model system fabricated using electrochemical deposition has been investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transition electron microcopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It has been found that the thermal stability of the Ni-NNW is dominated by the microstructure movement and the grain boundary rotation mechanism at temperature ranging from 400 to 600 °C. The Ni-NNW experiences the Rayleigh instability at temperature approaching the melting point. The observed fragment separation in the Rayleigh phase-transition is much greater than that expected theoretically.
Training Complex Decision Support Systems with Differential Evolution Enhanced by Locally Linear Embedding

This paper aims at improving the training process of complex decision support systems, where evolutionary algorithms are used to integrate a large number of decision rules in a form of a weighted average. It proposes an enhancement of Differential Evolution by Locally Linear Embedding to process objective functions with correlated variables, which focuses on detecting local dependencies among variables of the objective function by analyzing the manifold in the search space that contains the current population and transforming it to a reduced search space. Experiments performed on some popular benchmark functions as well as on a financial decision support system confirm that the method may significantly improve the search process in the case of objective functions with a large number of variables, which usually occur in many practical applications.
Material Modernism: The Politics of the Page

Acknowledgments Introduction 1. How to read a page: modernism and material textuality 2. The once and future text of modernist poetry 3. Yeats and textual reincarnation: 'When you are old' and 'September 1913' 4. Building Yeat's tower/building modernism 5. Pressing women: Marianne Moore and networks of Modernism 6. Joyce and the colonial archive: constructing alterity in Ulysses 7. Afro-Celtic connections: hybridity and the material text Notes Index.
Scientific approaches to the philosophy of religion

Series Editors' Preface Notes on Contributors Introduction: Y.Nagasawa PART I: DIVINE ATTRIBUTES The Necessity of God and the Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking R.Le Poidevin Why Would Anyone Believe in a Timeless God?: Two Types of Theology B.Murphy PART II: GOD, CREATION AND EVOLUTION Darwin's Argument from Evil P.Draper Attributing Agency: Fast and Frugal or All Things Considered? G.Wood PART III: GOD AND THE UNIVERSE On Non-Singular Spacetimes and the Beginning of the Universe W.L.Craig & J.D.Sinclair The Theistic Multiverse: Problems and Prospects K.J.Kraay PART IV: RELIGIOUS BELIEFS How Relevant is the Cognitive Science of Religion to Philosophy of Religion?  Consequence and Salvation S.Clarke Polarized yet Warranted Christian Belief D.Efird PART VI: THE COMPATIBILITY OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION Freedom, Science, and Religion K.A.Rogers The Compatibility of Science and Religion: Why the Warfare Thesis is False M.Ruse
Laura Ingalls Wilder and Rose Wilder Lane: Authorship, Place, Time, and Culture

The mother-daughter partnership that produced the Little House books has fascinated scholars and readers alike. Now, John E. Miller, one of America's leading authorities on Laura Ingalls Wilder and Rose Wilder Lane, combines analyses of both women to explore this collaborative process and shows how their books reflect the authors' distinctive views of place, time, and culture. Along the way, he addresses the two most controversial issues for Wilder/Lane aficionados: how much did Lane actually contribute to the writing of the Little House books, and what was Wilder's real attitude toward American Indians.Interpreting these writers in their larger historical and cultural contexts, Miller reconsiders their formidable artistic, political, and literary contributions to American cultural life in the 1930s. He looks at what was happening in 1932 - from Depression conditions and politics to chain stores and celebrity culture - to shed light on Wilder's life, and he shows how actual "little houses" established ideas of home that resonated emotionally for both writers.In considering each woman's ties to history, Miller compares Wilder with Frederick Jackson Turner as a frontier mythmaker and examines Lane's unpublished history of Missouri in the context of a contemporaneous project, Thomas Hart Benton's famous Jefferson City mural. He also looks at Wilder's Missouri Ruralist columns to assess her pre - Little House values and writing skills, and he readdresses her literary treatment of Native Americans. A final chapter shows how Wilder's and Lane's conservative political views found expression in their work, separating Lane's more libertarian bent from Wilder's focus on writing moralist children's fiction.These nine thoughtful essays expand the critical discussion on Wilder and Lane beyond the Little House. Miller portrays them as impassioned and dedicated writers who were deeply involved in the historical changes and political challenges of their times - and contends that questions over the books' authorship do not do justice to either woman's creative investment in the series. Miller demystifies the aura of nostalgia that often prevents modern readers from seeing Wilder as a real-life woman, and he depicts Lane as a kindred artistic spirit, helping readers better understand mother and daughter as both women and authors.
Input of different kinds of soluble pectin to cation binding properties of roots cell walls.

It is widely believed that pectin are responsible for the vast majority of cation binding positions in the root cell walls. To estimate the role of particular kinds of pectin, we studied the cell wall material isolated from the roots of monocots (wheat and rye) and dicots (clover and lupine) before and after removal of different fractions of soluble pectin. Simultaneously PME activity and degree of pectin methylation were determined. From potentiometric titration curves cation exchange capacity, total surface charge and acidic strength of surface functional groups responsible for surface charging were determined. Monocots had smaller cation exchange capacity and lower pectin content than dicots. Removal of pectin induced up to 50% reduction in the cell walls surface charge. Pectin seem to have more acidic character than the other roots components that is seen from an increase in very weakly acidic groups fraction and significant decrease in the average dissociation constant of the cell walls material after pectin removal. Water soluble pectin and non-pectic soluble compounds had the dominant role in surface charging, while chelator and diluted alkali soluble pectin contributed to surface charge only at high pH's.
Formal verification of UML-modeled machine controls

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are applied in a wide field of application and, especially, for safety-critical controls. Thus, there is the demand for high reliability of PLCs. Moreover, the increasing complexity of the PLC programs and the short time-to-market are hard to cope with. Formal verification techniques such as model checking allow for proving whether a PLC program meets its specification. However, the manual formalization of PLC programs is error-prone and time-consuming. This paper presents a novel approach to apply model checking to machine controls. The PLC program is modeled in form of Unified Modeling Language (UML) state-charts that serve as the input to our tool that automatically generates a corresponding formal model for the model checker NuSMV. We evaluate the capabilities of the proposed approach on an industrial machine control.
Microbial Evolution, Diversity, and Ecology: A Decade of Ribosomal RNA Analysis of Uncultivated Microorganisms

A bstractThe application of molecular biological methods to study the diversity and ecology of microorganisms in natural environments has been practiced since the mid-1980s. Since that time many new insights into the composition of uncultivated microbial communities have been gained. Whole groups of organisms that are only known from molecular sequences are now believed to be quantitatively significant in many environments. Molecular methods have also allowed characterization of many long-recognized but poorly understood organisms. These organisms have eluded laboratory cultivation and, hence, have remained enigmatic. This review provides an outline of the main methods used in molecular microbial ecology, and their limitations. Some discoveries, made through the application of molecular biological methods, are highlighted, with reference to morphologically distinctive, uncultivated bacteria; an important biotechnological process (wastewater treatment); and symbiotic relationships between Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya.