nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection of Customers' and Suppliers' Knowledge in Software Development Projects with Fixed-Price Contract: Using Property Rights Theory

In software development projects (SDP), both the supplier and the customer must share their business knowledge for reaching the project success. However, this business knowledge is an essential intellectual property, and thus needs protection from misuse. In this paper, we present an analysis of knowledge difficult to protect. We enact a strategy to achieve SDPs success despite these barriers. Our theoretical and empirical analysis also found that SDP success is largely an uncertainty problem between the contractual parties on the management level, and thus technical-organizational approaches alone are inadequate for achieving success. Based on property rights theory, we introduce two models for protecting knowledge depending on uncertainties. Our findings offer managers important insights how they can design and enact especially fixed-price contracts. Moreover, we show how the economic theories can enhance understanding of SDP dynamics and advance the development of a theory of effective control of SDP success.
Social theories of Jacksonian democracy : representative writings of the period 1825-1850

Change your habit to hang or waste the time to only chat with your friends. It is done by your everyday, don't you feel bored? Now, we will show you the new habit that, actually it's a very old habit to do that can make your life more qualified. When feeling bored of always chatting with your friends all free time, you can find the book enPDF social theories of jacksonian democracy representative writings of the period 1825 1850 and then read it.
[Wound care at family medicine office].

Chronic wound is a big load for the patient, family and health care system. A team of family medicine doctors can provide care for chronic wound patient that will eventually lead to complete healing. With good education and proper work organization with defined mandatory changes in prescribing orthopedic tools (sets for compression), chronic wound patients can be completely managed at the primary care level. Such an approach would be possible through better and more efficient communication with secondary health care (wound centers), as well as telemedicine consultations.
Low-firing, temperature stable and improved microwave dielectric properties of ZnO TiO2Nb2O5 composite ceramics

This article presents low-firing, low-loss and temperature stable ZnO TiO 2 Nb 2 O 5 microwave dielectric composite ceramics with the assistance of lithium borosilicate (LBS) and zinc borosilicate (ZBS) glass frits. There is a liquid phase (eutectic mixture) generated by LBS (ZBS) glass, and solid particles could be wetted and dissolved. Therefore, the migrations and rearrangements of particles could be performed. Besides, compared with ceramics undoped with glass frits, lower activation energies (E a ) of ceramics doped with LBS and ZBS glass suggest that the low-temperature sintering behavior is easier to carry out. The results indicated that LBS and ZBS glass both are effective sintering aids to accelerate the sintering process and improve the microwave dielectric properties of composite ceramics by controlling the phase compositions under low temperature. Combination great properties of ZnO TiO 2 Nb 2 O 5 ceramics were obtained when sintered at 900 °C for 4 h: e r  = 36.7, Q × f = 20,000 GHz, τ f  = 7 ppm/ o C.
A book of Chinese whispers

These prose pieces develop areas and images encountered elsewhere in Smith's poetry. Some are fictions, some fables, some prose poems, some ill-tempered jokes, some existential romances with mundane reality. As in the game of Chinese Whispers, messages are passed, repeated, misheard, misremembered, delicately tampered with, and fiddled with in the interests of politics, commerce and the pursuit of power. Even the language is suspect, as are our perceptions. Our hero struggles to survive against all the odds, invited apparently to forget all he knows and begin again at the beginning. Or at the end. Smith writes in the radical tradition of Borges, Brautigan, Burroughs, and Buster Keaton.
Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2001

CAAD Futures is a bi-annual conference that aims to promote the advancement
of computer-aided architectural design in the service of those concerned
with the quality of the built environment. The conferences are organized
under the auspices of the CAAD Futures Foundation, which has its secretariat
at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands.

This volume provides state-of-the-art articles in the following areas:
capturing design, information modelling, CBR techniques, Virtual Reality,
CAAD education, (hyper) media, design evaluation, design systems
development, collaboration, generation, design representation, knowledge
management, form programming, simulation, architectural analysis, and urban
design.
Capitalist Class Relations, the State, and New Deal Foreign Trade Policy

In this paper, I focus on the political influence of class forces surrounding the 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA). The RTAA was instrumental because it shifted much of the trade-policy process from Congress to the Executive Branch. I find that capitalist class relations had a great impact on the development and passage of the RTAA. Despite the concerns of capitalists from the nationalist segment over their ability to influence Executive Branch policy making, the nationalist segment unified with capitalists from the increasingly powerful internationalist segment and were successful in their combined efforts to change the institutional arena within which trade policy was formulated. This research bolsters support for the class embeddedness perspective of trade policy as portrayed in the works of Domhoff (1990), Prechel (1990), and Dreiling (2000). Further, it contributes to this work by explaining the historical foundation for the class embeddedness of contemporary foreign trade policy debate as...
Random Walks on Figure Eight:From Polymers Through Chaos to Gravity and Beyond

(1998). It also elaborates on some problems which were left unsolved or just mentioned in Physics Reports Vol.298, 251 (1998). Applications of the obtained results include (but not limited to) polymer physics, classical and quantum chaos, fractional Hall effect, dynamics of textures in liquid crystals and 2+1 gravity. The paper presents some self contained excerpts from mathematics(not discussed so far in physics literature)to facilitate the uninterrupted reading of the manuscript.
Pathways to the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer in Australia.

To describe the diagnostic pathways experienced by a large, representative group of Australian women with ovarian cancer, and to document the time between first presentation to a medical professional and clinical diagnosis.



1463 women with epithelial ovarian cancer from an Australia-wide population-based study (2002-2005) completed a telephone interview in which they described the events that led to the diagnosis of their cancer.



Number and type of doctors consulted, investigations performed, referral patterns and the time from first presentation to diagnosis.



Of the 1463 women, 145 had their cancer diagnosed incidentally and were excluded from analysis. Most of the remaining 1318 women (1222, 93%) presented first to their general practitioner. As a result of their first medical consultation, 75 women (6%) were given a diagnosis, and 484 (37%) were referred to a gynaecologist, gynaecological oncologist or oncologist for further assessment. Overall, 85% of women visited three or fewer doctors before their cancer was diagnosed; 66% of cancers were diagnosed within 1 month of the initial presentation, and 80% were diagnosed within 3 months. For 12% of women, the diagnostic process took longer than 6 months; this was more likely for women residing in remote Australia, those with lower incomes, and those presenting with abdominal pain or bowel symptoms, or with more than one symptom.



Despite anecdotal suggestions to the contrary, most women with ovarian cancer in Australia are investigated and diagnosed promptly. The diagnostic process is more protracted for a minority of women, and the factors we found to be associated with diagnostic delay warrant further investigation.
Force constants of small molecules

The calculations ofnormal vibrations have two aspects. One is the use of calculated frequencies for the assignments of observed vibrational bands. In this case a deviation of several percent is permissible. Mizushima together with the author and co-workers have applied the Urey-Bradley force field to more than one hundred molecules and the assignments based on these calculations have been shown to be reliabJ.el, 2, The second aspect is to obtain accurate force constants. During the past few years the author and co-workers* have tried to obtain reliable and transferable force constants. This paper will review results so far obtained. Recently, Crawford, Overend, Scherer, Hisatsune et al. have madeextensive studies ~m the U rey-Bradley field. I t is a pleasure for the author to include these results in this review. For the potential function of molecules we started from the Urey-Bradley force field3 (UBFF) and tried to classify various molecules according to whether this type of force field is adequate or not.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Requirements Engineering - Integrating Technology

Integrating Technology A combination of factors has made Internet-bascd computing an essential coinponent of all types of busincsses, and it is fast becoming a household necessity. Hardware tcchnology has made sophisticated computers affordable by a large range ot consumers. To keep up with hardwarc, many aspects of software technology havc made significant advancements, including Wcb-based technology and general nctworking and communications. But thc field of software engineering has
H.G. Wells's world reborn : the outline of history and its companions

H. G. Wells's World Reborn: The Outline of History and its Companions explores the phenomenon that was H. G. Wells's Outline of History and subsequent volumes built around the biological and social sciences. First published in 1919, the Outline was immensely successful, starting a fad for explanations of the world aimed at a knowledge-hungry middle-class audience. Ross examines the Wellsian view of universal history, both in its conception and its execution, and also looks at the Outline's reception by contemporary historians, especially those associated with the American New History movement. He also surveys the scope, and relative strengths of the two subsequent and more moderately successful volumes: The Science of Life and The Work, Wealth and Happiness of Mankind. In a series of chapters, he also sets Wells's progressive, Enlightenment-based view of the world against more current attitudes towards race, colonialism, feminism, and eugenics.
The early Stuart masque : dance, costume, and music.

The Early Stuart Masque: Dance, Costume, and Music studies the complex impact of movements, costumes, words, scenes, music, and special effects in English illusionistic theatre of the Renaissance. Drawing on a massive amount of documentary evidence relating to English productions as well as spectacle in France, Italy, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire, the book elucidates professional ballet, theatre management, and dramatic performance at the early Stuart court. Individual studies take a fresh look at works by Ben Jonson, Samuel Daniel, Thomas Carew, John Milton, William Davenant, and others, showing how court poets collaborated with tailors, designers, technicians, choreographers, and aristocratic as well as professional performers to create a dazzling event. Based on extensive archival research on the households of Queen Anne and Queen Henrietta Maria, special chapters highlight the artistic and financial control of Stuart queens over their masques and pastorals. Many plates and figures from German, Austrian, French, and English archives illustrate accessibly-written introductions to costume conventions, early dance styles, male and female performers, the dramatic symbolism of colours, and stage design in performance. With splendid costumes and choreographies, masques once appealed to the five senses. A tribute to their colourful brilliance, this book seeks to recover a lost dimension of performance culture in early modern England.
Characterization of Ni-doped Carbon Aerogel

Porous Ni-doped carbon aerogels are obtained via sol-gel process doping the resorcinol-formaldehyde reaction mixture with nickel acetate.XRD(X-Ray Diffraction) and TEM(Transmission electron microscopy) tests are used to investigate the structure of the carbon aerogels.BET(Brunauer-emmett-teller) and PSD(Pore size distribution) tests are also used to characterize the pore structure of carbon aerogels.As a result,the surface area of Ni-doped carbon aerogel is 593.3m~2/g,while the surface area of pure carbon aerogel is 487.3m~2/g.Furthermore,the electric resistance of the carbon aerogels doped with nickel acetate is increased considerably compared with that of pure carbon aerogels.
On the faithfulness of graph visualizations

Readability criteria have been commonly used to measure the quality of graph visualizations. In this paper we argue that readability criteria, while necessary, are not sufficient. We propose a new kind of criterion, generically termed faithfulness, for evaluating graph layout methods. We propose a general model for quantifying faithfulness, and contrast it with the well established readability criteria. We use examples of multidimensional scaling, edge bundling and several other visualization metaphors (including matrix-based and map-based visualizations) to illustrate faithfulness.
Thoracolumbar tuberculosis: implications for appropriate management based on disease location and proposal of a novel scoring system

To identify factors indicating disease severity in patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis requiring surgical intervention. 
Design: Medical charts of patients who underwent surgery for thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis from 1990-2005 were reviewed. Patients with different levels of disease were compared in terms of neurological deficits, duration of symptoms, previous antituberculous therapy, nutritional status and associated co-morbids. 
 Ninety-three patients aged 7-77 years (mean age 40 years) were included. Thoracic spine was involved in 80% of operated patients, and lumbar spine in 20%. Severe neurological impairment (Frankel A to C) was present in 68% of patients with thoracic disease, as compared to 5% with lumbar disease (p<0.05). Postoperatively, complete neurological recovery occurred in 65% with thoracic versus 100% with lumbar disease (p<0.05). Based on the disease location and pertinent elements in clinical history, physical signs, radiographic and biochemical features, a scoring system was developed. 
 In endemic areas with limited resources, strategies for cost-effective care are needed. By objectively outlining the treatment approach, the judicious use of surgery offers hope for enormous cost savings in countries endemic for tuberculosis, averting complications from disease progression.
王詵의 〈煙江疊嶂圖〉와 文人山水畵의 傳統

The late Northern Song artist and collector Wang Shen (c. 1048-after 1104) created a landscape painting entitled Mistry River and Layered Peaks in the late 1080s after he returned from the political exile with his friends Su Shi (1036-1101) and Wang Gong (1048-after 1104). He gave the painting to Wang Gong, and Wang Shen and Su Shi wrote poems after the painting. Both painting and poems became very popular and widely known among the literati from the Northern Song period on as the embodiment of literati tradition in which verbal and pictorial images interact and enrich the meaning of the art work. The painting title, Misty River and Layered Peaks, was repeated by famous literati painters such as Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322), Shen Zhou (1427-1509). Wen Zhengming (1470-1559), and Dong Qichang (1555-1636), and became an important landscape theme which inspired later artists. Literary records evidence that Wang Shen painted more than one version of Misty River and Layered Peaks in handscroll format, and the landscape painted in blue and green manner now in the Shanghai Museum collection is quite possibly the painting that Wang Gong owned. Although unsigned and without seals of either Wang Shen or Wang Gong, it is one of the most securely documented of all extant Northern Song painting. It entered the emperor Huizong's imperial collection and has official seals of the Xuanhe era (1119-1125) and a title inscribed immediately to the right of the painting by Huizong. The monumental style of landscape which prevailed among the court painters of the Northern Song reached its peak during the reign of emperor Shenzong (1067-1085) with Guo Xi (c. 1001-1090). Stylistic comparison of Mistry River and Layered Peaks with other Northern Song landscapes clearly shows that Wang's painting reflects technical and stylistic changes that occurred in landscape painting at the turn of the twelfth century. As a privileged imperial relative and one of the leading members of the literati circle, Wang Shen most probably had access to old masterworks and acquired his knowledge of painting from them. By adopting the landscape style of Li Cheng (919-967) and reviving the archaic blue and green mode of the Tang dynasty. Wang Shen created his own modes of landscape. The composition with vast expanse of water and soaring mountains is a visual presentation of the title. It also indicated the departure from the monumental landscape structure and expressed the separation and loneliness he experienced during a period of painful exile, thus expanded the range of meaning and style in Chinese landscape painting. Created at a time when scholar-officials were turning to painting as a serious form of self-cultivation and working out their new styles and genres of painting to distinguish themselves from the professional tradition, Wang Shen's painting demonstrated that the art of landscape began to convey the individual human mind and experience, which marked the beginning of the literati landscape tradition in China.
Trading Agent Kills Market Information - Evidence from Online Social Lending

The proliferation of Internet technology has created numerous new markets as social coordination mechanisms, including those where human decision makers and computer algorithms interact. Because humans and computers differ in their capabilities to emit and process complex market signals, there is a need to understand the determinants of the provision of market information. We tackle the general research question from the perspective of new electronic credit markets. On online social lending platforms, loan applications typically contain detailed personal information of prospective borrowers next to hard facts, such as credit scores. We investigate whether a change of the market mechanism in the form of the introduction of an automated trading agent shifts the dynamics of information revelation from a high-effort norm to a low-effort information equilibrium. We test our hypothesis with a natural experiment on Smava.de and find strong support for our proposition.
GRACEFUL PERFORMANCES: THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT OF MUSIC AND DANCE IN THE CORTEGIANO

AbstractMusic and dancing are critical components of the Italian Renaissance court's political and social structures. Indeed, Castiglione's Libro del Cortegiano emphasizes this aspect of the function of music in court society. Music and dance epitomize the role of the courtier; they are not merely ornamental or additional to more important qualities, but are considered crucial to his social and political existence: ‘anzi estimo per le ragioni che voi dite e per molte altre esser la musica non solamente ornamento, ma necessaria al cortegiano’.
Surgical Research II.

In 2009, we began a previous publication by emphasizing the importance of medical and surgical research, which could be called Surgical Research I. In that work, we defined why research is so important in medicine and surgery and agreed that without research we would not see the advances we are encountering today. We summarized at the time by saying that "research has been the driving force introducing new directions for the improvement of medicine and surgery." In this writing, we extend our commitment to the research sciences, in this case concentrating on the surgical discipline, and searching for the origins of surgical research, which we call Surgical Research II. We highlight the American scene as it pertains to William Beaumont, Samuel Gross, and William Halsted. Other notable surgeon pioneers in the United States are not presented in this work. Great international contributors to the surgical research scene have been portrayed by us in other works, referring to John Hunter and Joseph Lister, and are not considered in this publication.
Janet Malcolm Constructing boundaries of journalism

In the 1980s, Janet Malcolm was sued for libel for allegedly fabricating direct quotations in a profile she wrote for the New Yorker. The suit lasted nine years and generated a wealth of legal documents as well as articles in newspapers, magazines and trade journals. In this article, I draw on work on the sociology of science to analyze how representations of journalism constructed in and around the Malcolm case were used to defend and challenge old boundary lines separating ‘subjective storytelling’ from ‘objective reporting’, and to affirm journalism’s authority.
People Power FREE: Free Referenda & Elections Electronically - Technical Documents -

After providing a broad analysis of the subject area and motivations for the work, the current state of theoretical work on electronic voting is reviewed. Working from these concepts the author describes and explains a novel design for an Internet-based electronic voting system using Java. The implementation of this system is then explored and any problematic issues arising are swiftly dealt with. The document ends with a brief summary and a review of the new avenues of exploration that this research has exposed.
Transformation of Management in the Public Sector: Exploring the Strategic Frameworks of e-Government

Management is what makes e-government successful by coordinating the use of corporate resources, managing relationships, and empowering strategic alliances. However, current e-government methodologies and models used are only tailored to specific requirements. This restrains the ability to compare cases and draw valuable conclusions as to how to improve e-government and its performance measurements. Therefore, the authors are attempting to address the issues faced by surveying the models consisting of effective practices in e-government and Information Technology integration management and support. The study provides in depth overview of the current status of e-government models and links with emerging Information Technology.  10.4018/978-1-60960-839-2.ch003