nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Fracture behavior of metal oxide/silver nanowire composite electrodes under cyclic bending

The mechanical responses under cyclic bending of Ag nanowire composite electrodes coated with various metal oxide films of different thicknesses were explored, in an attempt to evaluate their applicability to flexible transparent electrodes. Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , and TiO 2 films were deposited onto Ag nanowire electrodes by atomic layer deposition at a low temperature of 100 °C, and cyclic bending tests with in situ resistance measurements were conducted for up to 300,000 cycles. Thicker metal oxide films resulted in greater increases in the resistances of the composite electrodes under cyclic bending due to the reduced fracture strength of the films. Regardless of the type of metal oxide, however, similar tendencies were observed in the resistance changes in response to cyclic bending. It was found that the critical thickness calculation based on the Griffith theory for the evaluation of the brittle-to-ductile transition was not applicable to the metal oxide/Ag nanowire composite electrodes. By correlating the mechanical, ambient, and thermal reliability test results with those of optoelectrical property evaluations, the optimal thickness of Al 2 O 3 film, as a representative metal oxide film, was determined to be 3–5 nm for Ag nanowire composite flexible transparent electrodes.
The Deconstruction of Mathematics: A criticism of Reuben Hersh's What Is Mathematics, Really? and the Humanist Philosophy of Mathematics

“My readers know how impatient I am with some pragmatists, phenomenologists, and subjective idealists of various schools who heap scorn on the notion that mathematical structures are ‘out there’ with a reality that is not mind dependent. For these thinkers, mathematical reality is located within human experience. Like...the overwhelming majority of eminent mathematicians past and present, I am a Platonist in the sense that I believe mathematical patterns are discovered, not invented. Of course, they are still invented, in a sense. Everything humans do and say is what humans do and say. Mathematics obviously is part of human culture, but to say so is to say something utterly trivial.”
The Sedimentary Strata from Mesozoic to the Cenozoic in Liupanshan Basin

The Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata of great thickness in Liupanshan basin can be identified as upper Triassic,middle Jurassic ,lower Cretaceous,Teriary and Quaternary vertically.All but middle Jurassic are widely distributed.In this paper,from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic strata sequence is defined,and five correlation marker formations are summed up through sufficient data of field gelolgic outcrop survey and comprehensive analyses.It is pointed out that there are mainly two sets of source strata developed in the upper Triassic and lower Cretaceous,with great source potential,and two corresponding sets of source-resevoir-seal assemblage have formed, so as to lay a good foundation for geological comprehensive analyses and oil gas exploration in Liupanshan basin.
VR-LAB - A Distributed Multi-User Environment for Educational Purposes and Presentations

In the last three years our research was focused on a new distributed multi-user environment. Finally, all components were integrated in a system called the VR-Lab, which will be described on the following pages. The VR-Lab provides Hard- and Software for a distributed presentation system. Elements which are often used in environments called Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). In contrast to other projects the VR-Lab integrates a distributed system in a common environment of a lecture room and does not generate a virtual conference room in a computer system. Thus, allowing inexperienced persons to use the VR-LAB and benefit from the multimedia tools in their common environment. To build the VR-LAB we developed a lot of hard- and software and integrated it into a lecture room to perform distributed presentations, conferences or teaching. Additionally other software components were developed to be connected to the VR-LAB, control its components, or distribute content between VR-LAB installations. Beside standard software for video and audio transmission, we developed and integrated a distributed 3D-VRML-Browser to present three dimensional content to a distributed audience. One of the interesting features of this browser is the object oriented distributed scene graph. By coupling a high-speed rendering system with a database we could distribute objects to other participants. So the semantic properties of any geometrical or control object can be kept and used by the remote participant. Because of the high compression achieved by the transport of objects instead of triangles a lot of bandwidth could be saved. Also each participant could select a display quality appropriate to its hardware.
DISCOVEREY OF ASSOCIATED COBALT IN KUOERZHENKUOLA GOLD DEPOSIT AND ITS GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE FOR EXPLORATION

Kuoerzhenkuola gold deposit is located in the eastern Sawuershan, Northwestern margin of Zhungaer Basin, Xinjiang.It was formed in the structural environment of island arc of Late Palaeozoic Era,and controlled by the cryptoexplosion breccia and volcanic apparatus. The orebearing rock is Narich andesite of island arc type in the Sawuershan formation of Middle Devonian. Cobalt contents of sulfides in the gold ores are higher, and they are 0.007×10-2~0.15×10-2,0.04×10-2on the arerage. There are 14 samples which contain Co≥0.02% among the 19 samples, accounting for 74% , and cobalt contents become rich towands the depth. Hereby an epithermal gold deposit exploration model has been set up for the deposit.It is two stages of ore deposition with overlapping structures.The model widens the view of exploration in Kuoerzhenkuola ore field.The discovery of associated cobalt in Kuoerzhenkuo gold deposit is of great importance for geological exploration.
William Shakespeare: A Popular Life

(Applause Books). Garry O'Connor's biography creates a vivd impression of Shakespeare's family life, his marriage and sexuality, the intimate details of his background, and his relationships with the theatre, his audiences and the towering political figures of his time such as Queen Elizabeth and the Earl of Essex. It captures the darkness and confusion of his religious feelings, and his painful search for identity as well as his continuous commitments to change and development. O'Connor imaginatively and persuasively reconstructs the playwright's life and career.
The P ower of Squares: Ideology in Landscape Archaeology and the Rectangular Land Survey of the United States of America

The Rectangular Land Survey, which covers 69 percent of the Unites States continuously, was a system of federal land management that began in 1785 and continued into the early twentieth century. Straight, gridded patterns were stretched across the country in an attempt to make the consolidation and distribution of land by the United States government quick and easy. Using the Dominant Ideology Thesis, developed by Louis Althusser, and applied to landscape archaeology by Mark Leone, the rectangular land survey can be seen as an attempt by the government of the United States to control the lives of their citizens through the use of these straight lines. Whole communities were planned in grids, with each person on their own, isolated piece of land, serving to free up crowded cities but keeping the rural population separated and obedient. The survey was also used to dissolve title of lands held by Native American groups and to carve out reservation allotments that they would soon be expected to live their new, Americanized lives upon. This interpretation provides a unique and interesting take on an often forgotten or overlooked part of American history.
Embracing Diversity in the GTA

One aspect that sets the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) apart from many other world cities is the diversity of people it attracts. According to Canada’s 2006 Census, nearly 46 per cent of all GTA residents are foreign-born. That’s the highest percentage in North America and even higher than any of the major cities in Australia, the world’s most diverse nation. Many people are drawn to our city because it is a place where people from around the world come together to share their strengths. Our differences though, extend well beyond ethnic origins to varied religious faiths, dietary preferences, and sexual orientations, to name just a few.
Edwardian Liberalism and Industrial Unrest: a class view of the decline of Liberalism

On 20th July I906, in the clubroom of the Angel Hotel, North Walsham, Norfolk, a mixed group of Liberal grandees and working men founded the 'second' agricultural workers' union the Eastern Counties Agricultural Labourers' and Small Holders' Union. The new union was a product of Norfolk Liberalism in both its strengths and its weaknesses. In the aftermath of the I 906 election the Liberals stood at the highpoint of their success in Norfolk all six county seats had returned Liberal members yet their triumph was incomplete. They had no permanent organisation through which to channel the support of the rural poor into the Liberal Party. Given the electoral 'pact' between the liberals and labour, and the changing tone of national, and indeed Norwich politics this was to prove a serious weakness in the future. Additionally, after the election, there had been a number of cases of victimisation of Liberal voters, which the Liberal Party was unable, or unwilling, to do anything about, and this was already causing dissatisfaction among the farm  The union's purpose was to win the labourers for Liberalism. In Norfolk, the Liberal election victories of I 906 were not so much the result of a programme as of a tradition of political behaviour the Gladstonian synthesis an inspired mixture of religion and reform, with just a dash of class feeling. This synthesis in Norfolk dated from the I870s, the period of the first agricultural labourers' unions. In I877, George Rix, a local official in Joseph Arch's union, together with other local union leaders, established the Norfolk County Franchise Association to agitate for the extension of the franchise to the labourer. The association remained active throughout the i 88os, and after the vote was gained was transformed into a county wide Liberal working man's association based on trade union branches and village Liberal clubs. The politics of these clubs was firmly Gladstonian, and dictated by men, like Rix, who were working class themselves. Rix was an ex-labourer who had turned small shopkeeper after being victimised; a Primitive Methodist lay Preacher and Sunday School superintendent; and secretary of the largest non-affiliated friendly society in Norfolk, as well as a union agitator. To him, and to most of his supporters, Gladstone embodied radicalism. In his autobiography Rix constantly referred to him as 'my Grand Old Man',2 and he arranged for a Gladstonian candidate to fight Mid-Norfolk as a Home Ruler in i 886 when the sitting Liberal deserted to Liberal unionism.3 In two speeches in I 88 I Rix stated his political beliefs, and his politics in that year probably represent what most
Sympathetic Ink: Intertextual Relations in Northern Irish Poetry

Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction Part I 1. 'As If He's Swallowed a Dictionary': The Oblique Poetry of Paul Muldoon 2. Medbh McGuckian: A Threader of Double-Stranded Words Part II 3. 'Something A Little Nearer Home': The Intersection of Art and Politics 4. Writing  The Northern Irish Poet and Authority 5. 'The Eye That Scanned It': The Art of Looking in Northern Irish Poetry 6. 'Roaming Root of Multiple Meanings': Irish Language and Identity  Select Bibliography Index
Experience with adaptive integration over a triangulated region using the Levin transformation (abstract and references only)

An engine driven blower/dust collector in which the suction opening and the discharge opening are arranged in the same plane in a side-by-side relation, and an air-switching slide pipe is provided to slide on the plane of these openings so as to permit the blower/dust collector to operate selectively as desired as a blower for blowing off and drifting together dust or the like and as a vacuum dust collector for collecting the dust or the like.
Pernette du Guillet| A woman poet in the male poetic tradition

ii Chapter I. THE BIOGRAPHY OF PERNETTE DU GUILLET; EDITIONS OF THE RYMES 1 Biography of Pernette du Guillet 1 Editions of the Rymes 7 II. THE POETIC TRADITION AND POETRY OF HER TIME 10 Life in Renaissance Lyons: Geographical Situation and Cultural Life 10 The Medieval Tradition: Courtly Love and Rhetorical Tendencies 13 Petrarchism: The Dominant Poetic Tradition of the French Renaissance 24 Platonism . „ 32 The Ecole lyonnaise 38 III.  Variations on the Courtly Love Ideal 44 Variations on the Grande Rhetorique and the Marotiques 50 Variations on Petrarchism 52 Variations on Neoplatonism 59 IV.  Narrative Voice 72 The Narrator's Status, Contact and Stance 75  SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 90
Atopic children and use of prescribed medication: A comprehensive study in general practice

A comprehensive and representative nationwide general practice database was explored to study associations between atopic disorders and prescribed medication in children.



All children aged 0-18 years listed in the NIVEL Primary Care Database in 2014 were selected. Atopic children with atopic eczema, asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) were matched with controls (not diagnosed with any of these disorders) within the same general practice on age and gender. Logistic regression analyses were performed to study the differences in prescribed medication between both groups by calculating odds ratios (OR); 93 different medication groups were studied.



A total of 45,964 children with at least one atopic disorder were identified and matched with controls. Disorder-specific prescriptions seem to reflect evidence-based medicine guidelines for atopic eczema, asthma and AR. However, these disorder-specific prescriptions were also prescribed for children who were not registered as having that specific disorder. For eczema-related medication, about 3.7-8.4% of the children with non-eczematous atopic morbidity received these prescriptions, compared to 1.4-3.5% of the non-atopic children. The same pattern was observed for anti-asthmatics (having non-asthmatic atopic morbidity: 0.8-6.2% vs. controls: 0.3-2.1%) and AR-related medication (having non-AR atopic morbidity: 4.7-12.5% vs. controls: 2.8-3.1%). Also, non-atopic related medication, such as laxatives and antibiotics were more frequently prescribed for atopic children.



The present study shows that atopic children received more prescriptions, compared to non-atopic children. Non-atopic controls frequently received specific prescriptions for atopic disorders. This indicates that children with atopic disorders need better monitoring by their GP.
Physics and Chemistry with Cold Molecules.

The previous century saw the emergence of techniques that made it possible to extract microscopic information—and understanding—from the chaos of macroscopic gaseous and other systems. Among the first was the molecular beam technique that demonstrated the principal virtues of controlled atomic and molecular motion for elucidating the burning questions of the day, including those concerning the validity of quantum mechanics. As emphasized by Otto Stern in 1946, “the most distinctive characteristic property of the molecular ray method is its simplicity and directness. It enables us to make measurements on isolated neutral atoms or molecules with macroscopic tools. For this reason it is especially valuable for testing and demonstrating directly fundamental assumptions of the theory.” In his 1988 article “Molecular Beams: our legacy from Otto Stern,” Norman Ramsey compiled a list of what he called “major contributions to physics from the field of molecular beams.” There were thirty two items on that list, ranging from space quantization to molecular scattering to tests of time reversal symmetry. In the 1960s, the molecular beam technique made inroads into chemistry as well, by fulfilling the pipe dream of disentangling from gaseous chaos elementary chemical reactions as single binary collisions of chemically well-defined reagents. Chemical reaction dynamics that came about as a result has remained one of the chief preoccupations of chemical/molecular physics to date.
Keeping waters clean: Environmental licensing in Rondonia

In the Amazonian agricultural frontier, pasture for cattle ranching is an important and potentially hazardous form of land use because of sediment erosion as pastures degrade. This relationship between ranching, sediment load and water quality is likely to further exacerbate environmental impacts in the region, particularly in the context of climate change. We examine the role that river basin councils (RBCs) – one of the water governance options written into Brazil’s 1997 National Water Act – might play in managing this non-point-source pollution issue in the Amazônian state of Rondônia. We implement a simple systems dynamics model of the coupled rancher-water system to compare between two potential governance options: first, a bulk water clean-up charge (BWC) implemented by RBCs and, second, a land-use fine (LUF) for failing to maintain riparian buffers based on other approaches being developed across the Amazon. We find no significant advantage to BWC over LUF in reducing sediment loading while keeping ranching profitable, across scenarios of climate change. We also fail to find in the Rondônian ranching landscape the stake in water issues that has driven water reform elsewhere in Brazil. Moreover, the comparative success of environmental programs driven by concerns over forest cover suggests that these programs may have potential to manage the issue of non-point-source agricultural pollution in the region.
Pricing Continuously Resettled Contingent Claims

This paper is a study of continuously resettled contingent claims prices in a stochastic economy. As special cases, the relationship between futures and forward prices is analyzed, and a preference-free expression is derived for these prices, as well as the price of a continuously resettled futures option, whose formula differs from Black's futures option pricing formula due to the effects of marking-to-market the changes in the futures option premium.
Clinical and pharmacological management of a high risk diabetic population undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.

An optimal clinical management and monitoring of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) has proved to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events. The main aim of this report is to verify the adherence to the latest guidelines recommendations in a considerable group of DM patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention, stratifying the population by the degree of the DM management.



The patients recruited were those consecutive, unselected patients with type 2 DM undergoing a balloon angioplasty followed by a stent implantation, between July 2002 and December 2004. Follow-up was completed in 220 patients at 39+/-8.7 months. The follow-up interview concerned sociodemographic details, medical history, pharmaceutical treatment, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events and clinical variables regarding the quality of DM management and monitoring.



Thirty-six percent of these high short and long-term risk patients received insulin treatment at index hospitalization despite a poor glucometabolic control (59% presented HbA1c >7%, mean 8+/-1.26%). The clinical management of the 204 (80%) survivors over time proved overall unsatisfactory: HbA1c, arterial blood pressure and body mass index uncommonly achieved the recommended targets (41%, 36% and 22% of the patients respectively). The DM monitoring revealed satisfactory, with the exception of the diabetic foot monitoring (performed in 38% of the patients). Concerning guideline adherence 26% of the patients proved to adhere strictly, while 38% and 36% were mildly and severely distant from these requirements.



Quality of DM management absolutely necessitates to be improved to attempt reducing the high cardiovascular event rates.
Beneath the Cross: Catholics and Huguenots in Sixteenth-Century Paris.

The religious conflicts of sixteenth-century France, in particular the St Bartholomew's Day massacres of 1572, continue to draw a good deal of attention from historians. What started as a limited coup against the Huguenot leadership became instead a conflagration that left two thousand or more Protestants dead in the streets and ushered in a series of bloody religious battles. Previous histories of the religious conflicts have been preoccupied with their political aspects, but have not examined the mass violence. Diefendorf focuses on popular religious fanaticism and religious hatred. She examines the roots and escalation of the conflicts, the propaganda of Catholic and Protestant preachers, popular religious beliefs and rituals, the role of the militia, and the underground activities of the Protestant community after the massacres. Using a wide array of published and unpublished sources, she provides the most comprehensive social history to date of these religious conflicts.
Universal Algebra in Type Theory

We present a development of Universal Algebra inside Type Theory, formalized using the proof assistant Coq. We define the notion of a signature and of an algebra over a signature. We use setoids, i.e. types endowed with an arbitrary equivalence relation, as carriers for algebras. In this way it is possible to define the quotient of an algebra by a congruence. Standard constructions over algebras are defined and their basic properties are proved formally. To overcome the problem of defining term algebras in a uniform way, we use types of trees that generalize wellorderings. Our implementation gives tools to define new algebraic structures, to manipulate them and to prove their properties.
The Common Law 'Duty to Serve' the Protection of Consumers in an Age of Competitive Retail Public Utility Restructuring

This article addresses the implications of retail competition in public utility industries, particularly electricity, for utility service obligations. After tracing the history of the common law duty to serve applicable to public utilities, the efficiency of utility service obligations in the context of rate regulation is explored. Retail competition, many suggest, poses a threat to utility service obligations. However, regulators can minimize the inefficiency of traditional utility service obligations without sacrificing the benefits of retail competition if they pay attention to the structural efficiency of competitive retail markets. The article advocates imposition of basic service obligations on the DisCo and voluntary procurement of power supply financed through a systems benefits charge in the context of PoolCo retail competition model. In addition, the implications of competition in distribution markets on service obligation financing are explored.
The best P.M. for the empire in the war?' : Lady Helen Munro Ferguson and the Australian Red Cross Society, 1914-1920

This article examines the role and relationship of Lady Helen Munro Ferguson, wife of Australia's fifth Governor General, and the Australian Red Cross during a period of unprecedented social, economic and political upheaval in Australian history. It argues that Lady Helen brought with her to Australia special qualities and experiences which were to benefit the Red Cross, an organisation she established and ran during the Great War. The activities of Lady Helen also gave an imperial cast to some important aspects of federal development in Australia.