nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Branded E-Government Stakeholder Interaction

E-government services—electronic services made available by governments to stakeholders, citizens, businesses or governmental authorities—and their type of creation, duration and volatility, are showing dynamic changes in the public sector. E-government services cover all governmental measures at the levels of unions, states and local governments for qualitative improvement in citizen’s various spheres of life and the business environment; for optimization of business processes within the administration; and for improvement of public appearance within an international competitive environment. To compete globally, public authorities are having to reconsider how to make their services to stakeholders more competitive. One aspect of becoming more competitive and differentiating from competitors in the market is investing in global branding for the whole process of stakeholder interaction. In this paper, we provide an implementation guide for egovernment stakeholder interaction strategies.
Understanding Career Choices of Men in Elementary Education

This study was a component of a program of research designed to increase understanding of the career choices of men who select nontraditional careers, such as elementary education, by comparing what they find important in their careers, their sex role identity, and personality components with men in a traditional career and with women in elementary education. Participants completed the Important Components of a Career scale, Bem's Sex Role Inventory (short form), and Cattell's 16 Personality Factor measure. The questionnaire packets were mailed to 1,000 potential respondents in five groups, with a response rate of 46%. The men in elementary education and nursing valued relationship-oriented components of their careers significantly more than did the men in engineering, F(2, 233) = 35.39, p < .01, Men differed significantly from women in elementary education in their personality profiles, Hotelling's T = .37, F(15, 135) = 3.32, p < .01, specifically with respect to tough versus tender mindedness, ...
The Impact of Professional Information Security Ratings on Vendor Competition 1

Security breaches often stem from business partner failures within the value chain. There have been several recent efforts to develop a common reference for rating the information risk posed by partners. We develop a simple analytical model to examine the impact of such information security ratings on service providers, customers, and social welfare. While some might believe that professional information security ratings would benefit high-security providers and hurt those with lower security, we show that this is not always the case. We find that such ratings can hurt both types of providers or benefit both, depending on the market conditions. Surprisingly, we also find that professional information security ratings do not always benefit the most demanding customers who desire highly secure business partners. Yet, in all cases, we find that social welfare is improved when professional information security ratings are adopted. This result suggests that professional information security ratings should be encouraged through public policy initiatives.
Reading art, reading Irigaray : the politics of art by women

Luce Irigaray is one of the foremost philosophers and feminist thinkers of our day. Her work has had an enormous impact on the visual arts and is widely taught and read across the field - yet the actual implications of this influential body of thought for art itself are rarely elucidated. What does her work really mean when it comes to the art made by women artists? 
 
Hilary Robinson looks at the work of groundbreaking women artists including Louise Bourgeois, Rachel Whiteread, Bridget Riley and Jenny Saville in light of the key strands of Irigaray's thought, from ideas of masquerade, mimicry, morphology and the maternal to the original notions of 'mucous' and 'the speculum' for which she is well known. With a fine eye for the intricacies of the philospher's thought, Robinson reveals the implications of Irigaray's work for the relationships between gender, subjectivity, language and art. Refuting accusations of essentialism - the belief in innate biological gender differences - Robinson here poses the question: if language is gendered, as Irigaray argues, and if art is a language, what are the ramifications for the visual 'languages' employed by women artists now and in the future?
The Concentration of Capital in UK Grocery Retailing

‘Postmodernisation’ is introduced as a unifying concept for the set of processes which characterise the development of the space economy in the 1980s. The concept consists in effects which include: an increase in the unevenness of developmental potential between ‘inner’ and ‘outer’ British regions, growing polarisation in income and unemployment indices over space, a shift towards economies of scope by producers, a growing dynamism in localities with large service-class components displaying a privatistic consumption culture, and a growth of casualised and informal labour-market opportunities at the expense of ‘lifetime’ employment. This contrasts with a set of processes characteristic of what may be termed the ‘modernisation’ period circa 1945–1975 in which there was a relatively even spread of developmental opportunities across regional space, there was income and employment convergence, production pursued volume markets and economies of scale, collective consumption provision was socially predominant a...
Development of Transportation Engineering Research, Education, and Practice in a Changing Civil Engineering World

Transportation has been one of the essential areas within civil engineering since its early days. In commemoration of the 150th anniversary of ASCE, this paper presents a review of developments in research, education, and practice in transportation engineer- ing. The review is based primarily on the issues of the Journal of Transportation Engineeringover the past several decades. Main topics include transportation engineering practice, airport and highway pavements and materials, design and safety, planning and operations, pipelines, technology, and education. Historical appraisals and the current state-of-the-art for these topics are discussed. In conclusion, future directions in transportation engineering as a result of advances in technology and the attendant changing need of the transportation engineering profession in the 21st century are addressed.
Toward RDB to NoSQL: transforming data with metamorfose framework

The emergence of applications dealing with structured, semi structured, and non-structured data created demands on new data storage systems. The relational model, widely used to store data from diverse applications, does not meet all the imposed scenarios. In response, NoSQL databases have emerged as an option. As a consequence, new approaches for converting the relational model to NoSQL models have been created. However, most of them target a specific NoSQL model and provide little (or none) support for customization for transformations with different cardinalities. In this paper we present a novel approach to convert relational databases (RDB) to document and column family NoSQLs. Our approach receives as input a set of directed acyclic graphs (DAG) representing the target NoSQL model. The DAGs are used to generate commands to transform the input RDB data. The approach supports different cardinalities, and the commands can be customized. We have developed a tool to interpret the DAGs and that supports different transformation strategies. We performed experiments to validate our solution, with different configurations, where conversions were carried out to document and column-family storage.
Code Improvements for Model Elimination Based Reasoning Systems

We have been investigating ways in which the performance of model elimination based systems can be improved and in this paper we present some of our results. Firstly, we have investigated code improvements based on local and global analysis of the internal knowledge base used by the theorem prover. Secondly, we have looked into the use of a n lists to represent ancestor goal information to see if this gives a performance boost over the traditional two list approach. This n list representation might be thought of as a simple hash table. Thirdly, we conducted initial investigations into the effect of rule body literal ordering on performance.The results for the code improvements show them to be worthwhile, producing gains in some example problems. Using the n list representation gave mixed results: for some examples it improved execution speed, in others it degraded it. A rule body literal ordering that placed instantiated goals (including hypotheses) early in the bodies of rules showed an improvement in execution time.
Language Diversity in the Classroom: From Intention to Practice

It s no secret that, in most American classrooms, students are expected to master standardized American English and the conventions of Edited American English if they wish to succeed. "Language Diversity in the Classroom: From Intention to Practice "works to realign these conceptions through a series of provocative yet evenhanded essays that explore the ways we have enacted and continue to enact our beliefs in the integrity of the many languages and Englishes that arise both in the classroom and in professional communities.Edited by Geneva Smitherman and Victor Villanueva, the collection was motivated by a survey project on language awareness commissioned by the National Council of Teachers of English and the Conference on College Composition and Communication.All actively involved in supporting diversity in education, the contributors address the major issues inherent in linguistically diverse classrooms: language and racism, language and nationalism, and the challenges in teaching writing while respecting and celebrating students own languages. Offering historical and pedagogical perspectives on language awareness and language diversity, the essays reveal the nationalism implicit in the concept of a standard English, advocate alternative training and teaching practices for instructors at all levels, and promote the respect and importance of the country s diverse dialects, languages, and literatures. Contributors include Geneva Smitherman, Victor Villanueva, Elaine Richardson, Victoria Cliett, Arnetha F. Ball, Rashidah Jammi Muhammad, Kim Brian Lovejoy, Gail Y. Okawa, Jan Swearingen, and Dave Pruett.The volume also includes a foreword by Suresh Canagarajah and a substantial bibliography of resources about bilingualism and language diversity."
Equivalent hydrogen fugacity during electrochemical charging of some martensitic advanced high-strength steels

A new thermal desorption spectroscopy apparatus was used to study hydrogen in four martensitic advanced high-strength steels (designated MS980, MS1180, MS1300 and MS1500) after gaseous hydrogen charging, and after hydrogen charging electrochemically in 0.1 M NaOH and in 3.5 wt.% NaCl. The hydrogen concentration did not correlate strongly with steel strength. For MS1500, a relationship was derived between equivalent hydrogen fugacity and the applied charging overpotential. Also for MS1500, the trap binding energies were evaluated to be 26.4 kJ mol −1 and 61.0 kJ mol −1 , which were interpreted as dislocation and interface hydrogen traps.
PRiME: designing challenge-based ethics instruction for undergraduate engineers

Engineering Communication faculty at The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) are developing Web-based educational modules designed to infuse the teaching of engineering ethics into the engineering curricula. To accomplish this, the College of Engineering has developed an instructional framework to embody the principles of challenge-based instruction deriving from the work of Bransford et al. in How People Learn. The challenge cycle has worked very well for developing a series of interactive, learner-centered materials and activities, but the HPL model, which includes four "lenses" that used together create a successful learning environment, may be problematic when applied to the teaching of ethics. This paper discusses the design of the modules, including self-assessment strategies, and the particular problems facing instructors of engineering ethics as they attempt to create an environment that is learner-centered, knowledge-centered, assessment-centered, and community-centered. The first two principles, especially, may be difficult to fulfil.
Employment dynamics in Germany: Lessons to be learned from the Hartz reforms

This paper sets out to explore the black box of recent employment dynamics in Germany and thus to identify positive and negative implications that might be of interest for future policymaking. The starting point of our analysis is the question as to whether recent employment growth in Germany is the result of labour market reforms or is instead a mere by-product of the general economic upswing. In order to tackle this ques-tion, we assess German employment performance over the last ten years and also compare the determinants of the latest two economic upturns (1998-2000 and 2005-2007). Guided by an analytical framework that stresses the complementarity of institu-tions responding to shocks, we examine possible factors behind employment dynamics. The following step is to sum up and discuss the major aspects of the recent German labour market reforms (the so-called Hartz reforms). Taken together, our empirical evi-dence indicates that the recent employment growth might indeed have been facilitated by the labour market reforms. The reforms have led to considerable improvements, but they also demonstrate serious shortcomings.
A Word for Nature: Four Pioneering Environmental Advocates, 1845-1913

The careers and ideas of four figures of monumental importance in the history of American conservation--George Perkins Marsh, Henry David Thoreau, John Muir, and John Wesley Powell--are explored in A Word for Nature . Robert Dorman offers lively portraits of each of these early environmental advocates, who witnessed firsthand the impact of economic expansion and industrial revolution on fragile landscapes from the forests of New England to the mountains of the West. By examining the nineteenth-century world in which the four men lived--its society, economy, politics, and culture--Dorman sheds light on the roots of American environmentalism. He provides an overview of the early decades of both resource conservation and wilderness preservation, discussing how Marsh, Thoreau, Muir, and Powell helped define the issues that began changing the nation's attitudes toward its environment by the early twentieth century. Dorman's readings of works including Marsh's Man and Nature , Thoreau's The Maine Woods , Muir's The Mountains of California , and Powell's Report on the Lands of the Arid Region reveal their authors' influence on environmental thought and politics even up to the present day. |Traces the careers and ideas of four of America's early environmental advocates: George Perkins Marsh, Henry David Thoreau, John Muir, and John Wesley Powell.
Competing in the Information Economy

In the information economy, the successful organization will be a sophisticated information-gathering machine that analyzes and manages information flow with the same skill and focus that the industrial company managed work processes. In the information economy, the successful company will be competitive on price and quality as a given, but will also compress cycle time to a minimum. Time compression will become the principle basis for competitive advantage. The emerging business strategies that achieve competitive advantage through time compression are explored in this paper.
Organizational Learning Supported by Reference Architecture Models: Industry 4.0 Laboratory Study

The wave of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is bringing a new vision of the manufacturing industry. In manufacturing, one of the buzzwords of the moment is "Smart production". Smart production involves manufacturing equipment with many sensors that can generate and transmit large amounts of data. These data and information from manufacturing operations are however not shared in the organization. Therefore the organization is not using them to learn and improve their operations. To address this problem, the authors implemented in an Industry 4.0 laboratory an instance of an emerging technical standard specific for the manufacturing industry. Global manufacturing experts consider the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI4.0) as one of the corner stones for the implementation of Industry 4.0. The instantiation contributed to organizational learning in the laboratory by collecting and sharing up-to-date information concerning manufacturing equipment. This article discusses and generalizes the experience and outlines future research directions.
Pain assessment for pediatric patients in the emergency department.

To examine the relationship between pediatric patient visit characteristics and pain score documentation in the emergency department (ED) and determine whether documentation of a pain score is associated with increased analgesic use.



A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of ED visits for pediatric patients from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (1997-2000). Survey weighted regression first was used to assess the association between patient visit characteristics and pain score documentation. The regression then was repeated to determine the association between documentation of a pain score and analgesic use, adjusting for visit characteristics.



A total of 24,707 visits were included. Only 44.5% of visits had documented pain scores. In the regression analysis, younger age, self-pay, visits to pediatric facilities, and visits that were not designated as injury related were associated with decreased pain score documentation. Documentation of pain score was associated with increased odds of an analgesic prescription and opioid prescription. When no pain score was documented, the odds of receiving any analgesic was similar to visits with pain documented as mild.



ED pain score documentation is suboptimal in the pediatric population. Infants and toddlers are at particular risk for not having a pain score documented. There is a significant association between pain score documentation and the use of any analgesic, particularly opioids. Improvements in pain documentation for acutely ill and injured children are needed to improve pain management.
Hygroscopicity of Mixed Glycerol/Mg(NO3)2/Water Droplets Affected by the Interaction between Magnesium Ions and Glycerol Molecules.

Tropospheric aerosols are usually complex mixtures of inorganic and organic components, which can influence the hygroscopicities of each other. In this research, we applied confocal Raman technology combined with optical microscopy to investigate the relationship between the hygroscopic behavior and the molecular interactions of mixed glycerol/Mg(NO3)2/water droplets. Raman spectra provide detailed structural information about the interactions between glycerol molecules and Mg(2+) ions, as well as information about the interactions between glycerol and NO3(-) ions through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. The change of the CH2 stretching band of glycerol molecules in mixed droplets suggests that the backbone structures of glycerol mainly transform from αα to γγ in the dehumidifying process, and the additional Mg(2+) ions strongly influence the structure of glycerol molecules. Because the existence of glycerol suppresses the crystallization of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O in the dehumidifying process, Mg(NO3)2 molecules in mixed droplets form an amorphous state rather than forming crystals of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O when the relative humidity is lower than 17.8%. Moreover, in mixed droplets, the molar ratio of NO3(-) to glycerol is higher in the center than in the outer region.
Enzymatic poly(gallic acid): A stable multiradical polyanion

In this work we re-examined the molecular structure of enzymatic poly(gallic acid) (PGAL), for which we identified a multiradical and polyanionic nature, in contrast to a previous assignment where it was mistakenly assumed as a neutral and diamagnetic molecule. Here, we present a profound investigation of its ground-state structure by the use of both experimental and theoretical methods, featuring ESR measurements and quantum chemical computations. It was found that its multiradical nature is remarkably stable thanks to an extended hydrogen bonding network occurring within its structure, with interaction energies in the 3–11 kcal/mol regime, according to DFT computations at the M06-2X/6-311++G** level of theory. This multiradical polymer displays several appealing features, including air, thermal and photostabilities, water solubility and, most remarkably, the fact that it is obtained in a multi-gram scale from the naturally abundant gallic acid in mild and green conditions.
Exporting Prolog source code

In this paper we present a simple source code configuration tool. ExLibris operates on libraries and can be used to extract from local libraries all code relevant to a particular project. Our approach is not designed to address problems arising in code production lines, but rather, to support the needs of individual or small teams of researchers who wish to communicate their Prolog programs. In the process, we also wish to accommodate and encourage the writing of reusable code. Moreover, we support and propose ways of dealing with issues arising in the development of code that can be run on a variety of like-minded Prolog systems. With consideration to these aims we have made the following decisions: (i) support file-based source development, (ii) require minimal program transformation, (iii) target simplicity of usage, and (iv) introduce minimum number of new primitives.
Sinus node dysfunction in a healthy pediatric population.

ECG recordings of 624 healthy children (age range 6 to 12 years) from a rural population were analyzed for evidence of sinus node dysfunction. Twelve children were found to have the disorder and they underwent further assessment in order to establish any etiological factors or anatomical abnormalities. All the children were asymptomatic and physical examination was completely normal. Standard ECG taken during 24-h monitoring demonstrated that the most common finding, seen in 10 of 12 patients, was that of sinus arrest. Second-degree sinoatrial exit block, Mobitz type I, occurred in four children and Mobitz type II was seen in three. Two of the children were found to have holosystolic mitral valve prolapse, which was in the normal frequency range for a population of healthy children. After a 2-year follow-up and reassessment, there was no change in the symptomatology, the ECG tracings or the physical findings of any of the children.