nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on fabrication and photoluminescence of SiC nanorods synthesised by carbothermal reduction

SiC nanorods were synthesised from SiO2 xerogel containing carbon nanoparticles at 1550°C in argon flow. The morphology and structure of the materials were determined by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering methods. The static photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence of SiC nanorods were examined under different thermal contact surface areas in the synthesis process. The results showed that products with high thermal contact surface areas have strong photoluminescence. The emission peaks were around 490 nm and shifted to longer wavelength regions when annealed at high temperature. The nature of photoluminescence emission observed in different synthesis conditions is discussed in this report.
Diskurso sąvoka sociologiniame-istoriniame akademinės disciplinos tyrime (metodologinės pastabos)

The article discusses sociological potential of the concept of discourse in sociological-historical research of academic disciplines. In SSK scientific knowledge is understood as an output of complex social process as any other kind of social knowledge. In sociological perspective, the concept of discourse is not used as a synonym of a text. In the sociological discourse analysis, attention is shifted from analysis of inner structure of a text and hidden meanings to social context of text production. Methodological principles of M. Foucault's archeology of knowledge emphasize social practices of discourse production; analysis of scientific discourses (N. Gilbert and M. Mulkay) examines contextual meanings of interpretations concerning social actions of scientists; Bourdieu's research of academic field explores the process of intellectual and social legitimation of scientific knowledge. Sociological concept of discourse connects a class of texts to social conditions of its production. Social context determines the status of a text and its inclusion into the text class of an academic discipline. In this perspective, every academic discipline is understood as an object for sociological analysis. The scope of sociological discourse analysis covers institutional development of academic organizational structures, transformations of a category of the discipline in a general taxonomy system of academic disciplines, changes of other social circumstances structuring patterns of knowledge production and composition of texts.
Study ofΛb→Λνν¯with polarized baryons

We investigate the decay of Λb → Λ ν ν̄ with the polarized baryons of Λb and Λ. With the most general hadronic form factors, we first study the decay branching ratio and then derive the longitudinal, normal and transverse polarizations of Λ in terms of the spin unit vectors of Λb and Λ and the momentum of Λ. A polarization of Λb is also discussed.
TAKUJI OGAWA AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY IN JAPAN

Prof. Takuji Ogawa (1870-1941), tried hard to reach Humboldt's geography in order to found modern geography in Japan. He planned to bridge the two phases of the earth sur-face, natural and cultural, based upon Bruhn's concept of paysage geographique as facts de masse, being opposed to the idea of Ratzel's environmentalism. Most of historical geographers in Japan have been influenced by his dynamic way of geographic thinking. One of his lifeworks “Historical Geography of China” was published in 1928-29, in which he criticized some historical explanations of Richthofen's “China”. Prof OGAWA employed _??_ as usable documents of the ancient chinese geographical knowledges mixed with myths. Besides these pioneering contributions, he established a geographic way on studies on Japanese villages. He considered the most-surrounding nucleated settlement to be a pattern introduced from ancient China and also some field plans such as Joni in Japan, _??_ in northern China and centuriation in Rome. His attempts to systematize the earth surface as complex in ecological orders, from villages to states and to make some mathematical models are of great interest.
High precision pulsed selective laser sintering of metallic powders

The generative process of selective laser sintering of powders such as Titanium, Platinum alloys and steel can in comparison to cw radiation significantly be improved by using pulsed radiation. With an appropriate energy deposition in the metallic powder layer, the material properties of the selective laser sintered parts can locally be tailored to the requirements of the finished work piece. By adapting the laser parameters of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, notably pulse duration and local intensity, the degree of porosity, density and even the crystalline microstructure can be controlled. Pulsed interaction allows minimizing the average power needed for consolidation of the metallic powder, and leads to less residual thermal stresses. With laser post processing, the surface can achieve bulk-like density. Furthermore, we present the possibility of forming metallic glass components by sintering amorphous metallic powders.
Examining peer acceptance in verbal and non-verbal interaction during computer-supported collaborative learning: implications for inclusion

This paper discusses the results of peer acceptance in a study investigating the interactions of pairs of disabled and non-disabled pupils working together on computer-based tasks in mainstream primary schools in Cyprus. Twenty dyads of pupils were observed and videotaped while working together at the computer. Data analyses were based on the collaborative nature of events for the non-verbal interaction and the functional–structural approaches for the verbal interaction. Findings gave an important insight into the interactions among disabled and non-disabled pupils working together at the computer, indicating that peer (non)acceptance came through: (1) response to the peer, articulated through verbal moves that included reply, feedback, evaluation, agree and justify, in both collaborative and non-collaborative events; (2) peer involvement, reflected in requesting involvement of the peer, mainly in collaborative and socio-emotional positive events; (3) individualistic behaviour, present through ignoring th...
On force-field models of the spacecraft flyby anomaly

Recently, Anderson et al. published an empirical prediction formula for the so far unexplained parts of the velocity changes of spacecrafts during Earth flybys. In the framework of a perturbational approach, we show that there is no velocity-independent force field of the Earth - in addition to its Newtonian gravity field - that is to reproduce this formula. However, we give examples for fields modeling exactly the flyby anomaly which are quadratic functions of the velocity of the spacecraft.
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers: The History and Activities of the IEICE

A brief history and some of the activities of the Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) are introduced. Specifically, the organization, membership distribution, publication activities, and educational activities of the IEICE today are also introduced. The root of the engineering education in Japan is introduced and its relation to the current engineering education in USA is stated. Keywords-component; IEICE, history, publication activities, education activities, engineering education, EC2000
Zirconium-Doped Hafnium Oxide High-k Dielectrics with Subnanometer Equivalent Oxide Thickness by Reactive Sputtering

Ultrathin zirconium-doped hafnium oxide high dielectric constant films, e.g., with an equivalent oxide thickness less than 1 nm, have been prepared by high-power sputtering and low oxygen content annealing conditions on the p-type Si( 100) substrate. The influence of the process conditions on the film's material and electrical properties were investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and electrical measurements. The low equivalent oxide film also shows a small charge trapping density, a low leakage current density, and a moderate interface state density. This is a viable gate dielectric film for future complementary metal oxide semiconductor devices.
Le Grand, Racism and the Nature of Equity

Le Grand gives an illustration of an employment situation which would generally be considered racist ‐ (Amanda and Catherine are equally talented and hard‐working employees. The former is white and better paid than her black colleague) ‐ and gives an analysis of the ethics of the situation in terms of his theory of equity. I shall discuss his analysis and his theory of equity. Is the situation inequitable? If it is, is it ‘inequitable’ for the reason that Le Grand puts forward as constituting the essence of ‘inequity’?
Lower Bounds for Structuring Unreliable Radio Networks

In this paper, we study lower bounds for randomized solutions to the maximal independent set (MIS) and connected dominating set (CDS) problems in the dual graph model of radio networks---a generalization of the standard graph-based model that now includes unreliable links controlled by an adversary. We begin by proving that a natural geographic constraint on the network topology is required to solve these problems efficiently (i.e., in time polylogarthmic in the network size). We then prove the importance of the assumption that nodes are provided advance knowledge of their reliable neighbors (i.e, neighbors connected by reliable links). Combined, these results answer an open question by proving that the efficient MIS and CDS algorithms from [Censor-Hillel, PODC 2011] are optimal with respect to their dual graph model assumptions. They also provide insight into what properties of an unreliable network enable efficient local computation.
Valperga: Or, the Life and Adventures of Castruccio, Prince of Lucca

"The earth is a wide sea," she cried, "and we its passing bubbles; it is a changeful heaven, and we its smallest and swiftest driven vapours; all changes, all passes nothing is stable, nothing for one moment the same." Valperga (1823), the novel Mary Shelley wrote after Frankenstein, is based on the life of Castruccio Castracani (1281-1328), Prince of Lucca. A brilliant soldier and cruel tyrant, he successfully commanded Ghibelline forces in Tuscany against the Guelphs, threatening Florence, their stronghold. Woven into the story of this factional conflict are the tragice destinies of two heroines, fictional creations of the author. Ethanasia, Countess of Valperga (the name of her castle to the north of Lucca), finds herself increasingly torn between loyalty to her Guelph roots and her affection fro Castruccio which began in childhood. Beatrice, who the author's father, William Godwin, described as 'the jewel of the book', is a heretical Paterin with whom Castruccio falls in love only to abandon. This meticulously researched historical fiction combines a narrative of suspense with a remarkable reconstruction of manners in the Middle Ages. Set in the period of Dante's lifetime, it is also suffused with a poetic spirit which evokes the beauties of Italy's physical environment and points to the melancholy inevitability of change. This edition provides a clear account of the circumstances in which Valperga was composed and published.
Co-eruption of carbonate and silicate magmas during volcanism in the Limagne graben (French Massif Central)

Peperites in the Limagne graben (French Massif Central) have been interpreted up to now as phreatomagmatic eruptions involving fragmentation of sedimentary rocks during magma–water interaction. We report about the possible magmatic origin of the carbonates involved in the peperites from Gergovie and Pileyre localities. In these two volcanic deposits, carbonates are manly dolomitic in composition, while the Limagne sediments are almost exclusively detrital formations or limestones. In the studied rocks, the carbonates can be found in different habits, but are sometimes closely associated with Cr-diopsides and Cr-spinels, minerals never found in the Limagne Miocene volcanic rocks and related to deep mantle processes. Dykes crosscutting the layered deposits are mainly composed of euhedral dolomite grains. Trace elements and Sr isotopes confirm that the carbonates are chemically different compared to the sedimentary rocks from the Limagne and therefore that the studied volcanic rocks are not a mixing between silicate magma and the local sediments. Based on our new petrological and geochemical data, we interpret these carbonates as evidence for the eruption of carbonatitic magmas associated with the silicate magmas found in the deposits. The high Sr isotopic ratios of these rocks imply the melting of an enriched metasomatised mantle for the source of the carbonates, as already advocated for many ultrapotassic or carbonatitic volcanic rocks in Europe. These results call for a reappraisal of the origin of the volcanism in the Limagne volcanic province and more generally of the carbonatitic volcanic provinces in Western Europe.
On the Triangle Conjecture

In the following N denotes the set of nonnegative integers, A = {a, b} a two-letters alphabet and A* the free monoid of base A. An element w of A* is called a word and ]w] denotes its length. A subset X of A* is a code over A if X is the base of the free submonoid X* of A*, i.e., if any work of X*\ 1 has a unique factorization in terms of the elements of X. It has been conjectured by Perrin and Schtitzenberger as follows (see ).
Liquid-liquid extraction of pertechnetic acid (TcVII) by tri-n-butyl phosphate: where is the proton? A molecular dynamics investigation.

We report a molecular dynamics study on pertechnetic acid (PTA) extraction from water to an oil phase containing either pure TBP (tri-n-butyl phosphate) or a TBP/n-hexane mixture, with the main aim to understand the state of the acid (associated TcO(4)H vs dissociated TcO(4)(-)H(+)) and its "complexation" by TBP. Experimentally, Tc(VII) is extracted from acidic water to TBP:alkane solutions in 1:3 or 1:4 Tc:TBP ratio, suggesting that three or four TBPs coordinate to TcO(4)H or TcO(4)(-). According to simulations in TBP solution, however, neither TcO(4)H nor TcO(4)(-) species displays specific coordination to TBP. We thus investigated several hypothetical states of the proton of the dissociated pertechnetic acid in organic phases and at their aqueous interfaces, comparing "pH neutral" to nitric acid containing systems. Proton hydrates are shown to coordinate 3-4 TBPs, in the form of H(3)O(+)(TBP)(3) and H(5)O(2)(+)(TBP)(4) hydrogen-bonded adducts, whereas TBPH(+) binds 1 TBP. The MD and PMF results complemented by those of QM investigations suggest that Tc(VII) is extracted as TcO(4)(-)(H(3)O)(+)(TBP)(3) or TcO(4)(-)(H(5)O(2))(+)(TBP)(4) contact ion pairs instead of the neutral form TcO(4)H of the acid. They explain why nitric acid promotes the Tc(VII) extraction. Comparison between nitric acid (mainly extracted via its neutral form NO(3)H) and pertechnetic acid is discussed.
Random motions at the velocity of light and relativistic quantum mechanics

With the physical hypothesis of the existence of a covariant subquantum vacuum, Dirac's aether, the authors show that: (i) the idea that subquantum random jumps occur at the velocity of light is a consequence of the introduction of stochastic fluctuations into the gmu nu field of general relativity and (ii) the Klein-Gordon equation can be deduced, in a new simple way, from a stochastic process on the set of the four possible space-time directions of the velocity of light.
Branes in lattice SU(2) gluodynamics

We review lattice evidence for existence of thin vortices in the vacuum state of SU(2) gluodynamics. On the average, the non-Abelian action density per unit area is ultraviolet divergent as a^{-2} where a is the lattice spacing. At small scales, the surface looks very crumpled so that the corresponding entropy factor appears also ultraviolet divergent. The total area, however, scales in physical units. The surface is populated by monopoles which represent a tachyonic mode. The smallest value of $a$ tested is about (3 GeV)^{-1}.
Paul Tillich's Perspectives on Ways of Relating Science and Religion

Where do Paul Tillich's views of the relationship between religion and science fit in Ian Barbour's four classifications of conflict, independence, dialogue, and integration? At different levels of analysis, he fits in all of them. In concrete religions and sciences, some conflict is evident, but religion and science can be thought of as having parallel perspectives, languages, and objectives. Tillich's method of correlation itself is a form of dialogue. His theology of nature in “Life and the Spirit” (Part 4 of his Systematic Theology) fits the integration type. His strong “Two Types of Philosophy of Religion” (in Theology of Culture) is a latent natural theology. His system of the sciences is a form of synthesis, a type of integration.
More Peculiarities of the British: Budgetary Control in U.S. and UK Business to 1939

Budgetary control is a crucial technique for managing large, integrated enterprises. Often presented as a management accounting technique, it is best considered in a wider role as a method of planning and coordinating activities across functional departments and delegating tasks down a managerial hierarchy without loss of control. In the United States budgetary control evolved together with large integrated enterprise and became systematI2ed and widely used as a management technique following the experience of U.S. business in the post-World War I boom and slump. The various examples of UK practice, or non-practice, in budgetary control demonstrate that, as with other management techniques, there was a small minority of UK firms who adopted sophisticated practices as developed as any in the United States or Germany and a large majority of firms whose management practices barely changed from before World War I to after World War II. It is not correct, therefore, to characterize UK business as universally under-developed in management technique: there was a wide divergence in practice, sometimes within the same firm. There was sufficient publicly available information and there were sufficient trained personnel for any UK company to adopt any current management technique had it wished to do so. The failure to adopt them was a failure of demand not supply. The explanation for this failure — the word failure being used here in a straightforwardly judgmental and normative way — may be found, it is suggest ed, in the particular structures adopted by large UK enterprise. These structures were in turn the consequence of persistent proprietorial power which tended to weaken the development of integrated management structures and, in particular, worked against the development of top management. The adoption of new management techniques by a minority of UK firms only took place when, due to particular circumstances, it suited proprietorial interests to do so.
GENERATION IN ITSELF OR FOR ITSELF

The concept of welfare generation and the idea of possible conflicts between generations have been discussed frequently in the context of pension systems. In order to form interest groups that could engage in such a conflict, the generations in question would have to form clear collectives with strong agendas. This article shows that the concept of generation is rather vague and that it is not possible to define a generational collective characterised by its experiences with and attitudes towards the welfare state or the pension system. Pensioner cohorts have so far been identified mainly on the basis of financial transactions. If other resources and characteristics are taken into account, the seemingly clear-cut differences between generations get blurred. Apart from these external factors, there is also no evidence to be found for specific generations perceiving themselves as winners or losers, nor do they show an outspoken conflict potential that would mark them as actors in generational disputes.
Content-Based Top-N Recommendation Using Heterogeneous Relations

Top-$N$ recommender systems have been extensively studied. However, the sparsity of user-item activities has not been well resolved. While many hybrid systems were proposed to address the cold-start problem, the profile information has not been sufficiently leveraged. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of profiles between users and items intensifies the challenge. In this paper, we propose a content-based top-$N$ recommender system by learning the global term weights in profiles. To achieve this, we bring in PathSim, which could well measures the node similarity with heterogeneous relations (between users and items). Starting from the original TF-IDF value, the global term weights gradually converge, and eventually reflect both profile and activity information. To facilitate training, the derivative is reformulated into matrix form, which could easily be paralleled. We conduct extensive experiments, which demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Review of "Choosing and keeping computer staff by Chandor, Anthony." International Publ. Service Collings, Inc., New York, 1976, 203 pp.

This brief, no-nonsense book should be read by every individual who has management or hiring and firing responsibilities for computer staff. Those who may have come up through the technical ranks of the computing profession will profit from the administrator's and personnel manager's viewpoint; those who may have migrated into such a position from outside of the computing profession will be introduced to the personnel problems peculiar to the trade.
Energy And Momentum Associated With Bianchi Type Universes

This paper has been removed by arXiv administrators because it plagiarizes gr-qc/0303009,   
This paper has excessive overlap with the following papers also written by the authors or their collaborators: gr-qc/0607115, gr-qc/0607103, gr-qc/0606080, gr-qc/0607126, gr-qc/0607102, gr-qc/0510123, gr-qc/0607110, and others.
An emerging picture of organic micropollutants in groundwater in the London area

This meeting is focussed on exploring the chemistry and toxicity of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (emerging contaminants) which are those that have recently been discovered in soil and water environments and are considered to be a potential risk to the environment and/or and human health. The meeting will also explore “common historic contaminants” in the ground that are generally recognised as a risk to human health and/or the environment. These contaminants are present in the environment generally due to a historic lack of regulation, poor use, storage practices and waste disposal and are now subject to remediation.
Thinking Philosophically: An Introduction to Critical Reflection and Rational Dialogue

A Preface to Teachers. Acknowledgments. Philosophers in Thinking Philosophically. Part I: Metaphilosophy: 1.  2. What is Philosophy? 3. Why We Do Philosophy. 4. The Two Most Basic Causes of Philosophy. 5. Reason, Philosophy, and Other Disciplines. 6. Methods for Doing Philosophy. 7. Things Philosophers Do. 8. A Healthy Philosophical Attitude. 9. Alternatives to Philosophy.  What is Truth? 11. What is Knowledge? 12. Logic - Understanding and Evaluating Arguments. Part III: THEORY OF VALUE: 13. Axiology and Happiness. 14. Ethics and Morality.  The Mind/Body Problem. 17. Philosophical Theism. 18. Philosophical Materialism. 19.  Parting Remarks: Index.
Achieving industrial relevance with academic excellence: lessons from the Oregon master of software engineering

Many educational institutions are developing graduate programs in software engineering targeted to working professionals. These educators face the dilemma of providing programs with both industrial relevance and academic excellence. This paper describes our experience and lessons learned in developing such a program, the Oregon Master of Software Engineering (OMSE). It describes a structured approach to curriculum design, curriculum design principles and methods that can be applied to develop a quality professional program.