nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Symbolic methods applied to formal verification and synthesis in embedded systems design

Inmany of today’s technical appliances, embedded systems are deployed on an increasing scale. This trend is expected to massively gain in importance, especially for applications in consumer and automotive electronics, telecommunications, medical engineering, and avionics. Embedded systems can be characterized as follows: • They mostly consist of both hardware and software and perform control or communication tasks within an overall system, to which they are connected via networks, sensors, and actors. • In general, they are heterogeneous, often distributed systems with realtime requirements which may work on both transformative and reactive domains. • They typically are not directly visible to the user who interacts unconciously with them. The design of embedded systems poses significant challenges since system complexity grows rapidly. In particular, very elaborate design methods are necessary, and quality requirements are high because embedded systems often realize safety-critical functions. Hence the use of design automation tools has become indispensable. These can—based on a formal representation—analyze system properties and prove the correctness of the design. Then the implementation can be synthesized by automatically generating hardware and software descriptions. This enables a more flexible, faster, and less expensive design process than without automation. Within this context, the following topics are subject of this monograph: • A formal representation model called FunState is introduced which is especially suited to support embedded systems design. FunState serves as an internal design representation and can be used for modeling mixed hardware/software systems for analysis and synthesis purposes. • Based on FunState , a formal verification approach is presented which makes it possible to automatically check whether desired system properties are satisfied. In contrast to conventional verification techniques, formal verification can prove the correctness of a system’s model mathematically.  In order to generate an implementation, the execution order of functional parts within the system has to be determined, often in compliance with additional constraints. A novel, FunState-based approach to this so-called scheduling is explained. For the above-mentioned applications, mainly symbolic methods based on interval diagram techniques are suggested in this work. These new techniques can be used for enhancing the efficiency of existing approaches. One of the main challenges facing design methods is to cope with extraordinarily large state spaces of the system which have to be traversed. During the last years, symbolic methods have attracted great attention in this regard. By means of implicit enumeration, they can achieve significant savings in terms of the computational resources required during the design process.
Impersonal Speech: Blanchot, Virno, Messianism

This article addresses Virno’s diagnosis of the capture of the ability to speak in post‐Fordist capitalism by bringing his notion of virtuosity into dialogue with Blanchot’s notion of messianism. As the author shows, Virno explores the way in which what he calls virtuosity draws upon what he calls the “background” of speech, which, the author argues, is linked to the idea of the impersonal form “one speaks” in Deleuze and Guattari. Blanchot gives an alternative account of this “background”, focusing on its operation in the interpersonal relation he characterises as messianic. Since Blanchot’s account of the interpersonal relation is developed in his theoretical work chiefly through a reading of Levinas, the author traces Blanchot’s divergence from his friend on the key question of the significance of the Other, which Levinas places at the heart of his reflections on the ethical. The author then shows that this divergence also accounts for the way in which Blanchot reads Levinas’s notions of Judaism, God a...
Giuseppe Ferrari and the Italian Revolution

In this first full-length biography of Ferrari, Lovett traces his intellectual development in Milan and describes his twenty years of voluntary exile in Paris. In discussing Ferrari's relationships with French radicals and socialists, Lovett documents the growth of his political consciousness in the 1840s, his gradual commitment to the democratization of European society, and his response to the impact of both the French and Italian revolutions of 1848.Originally published 1979.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Welding behaviour of semi-crystalline polymers

A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
12 Brain/Mind Learning Principles in Action: The Fieldbook for Making Connections, Teaching, and the Human Brain – Renate Nummela Caine, Geoffrey Caine, Carol McClintic, and Karl Klimek

Books reviewed: 
 
12 Brain/Mind Learning Principles in Action: The Fieldbook for Making Connections, Teaching, and the Human Brain. By Renate Nummela Caine, Geoffrey Caine, Carol McClintic, and Karl Klimek. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press, 2005. xvi + 263 pages. ISBN 1-4129-0984-8.
Synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of silica modified with some derivatives of β-cyclodextrin.

Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. It has been demonstrated that the sorption equilibrium is reached after 30 min. The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations have been calculated. It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". It has been proved the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas as a result of cadmium (II) sorption. Chemical composition of supermolecules depends on the structure of surface active centers.
An Overview of the Numerical Modeling and Computer Programming Disciplines of an Undergraduate Civil Engineering Course and the Insane Project Experience

The world witnesses the progressive advancement of computing, whether it is in the raising power of data processing and storage, in the enhancement of modeling tools or in the improvement of the capacity to exchange information and knowledge. Today science seems to be dependent on informatics, and because of its nature, the Engineering (or the Exact Sciences, in a more general way) shares this connection even more. A need for understanding some real phenomena and the relentless search for rules that explain the behavior of physical systems drive the modern engineer to develop proper computational mechanisms that could handle the analysis of complex (mathematical) problems. Therefore, the appropriate training of engineering students regarding programming and numerical methods skills should be considered if a society wants to fully use its technological resources. In that sense, this work shares a brief overview of the numerical modeling and computer programming disciplines of the undergraduate civil engineering course of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, towards a basic diagnosis and a critical appraisal of the curriculum. Trying to fill some gaps in the academic formation process, the INSANE (INteractive Structural ANalysis Environment) project was created; an interactive environment of structural analysis conceived to be used as a didactic resource in undergraduate and graduate courses of engineering, as well as a platform of high-level scientific research on numerical methods. Throughout the years, INSANE has contributed to the training of many students, either enabling programming proficiency or in-depth learning of finite element method formulations.
Pier Paolo Pasolini: Cinema as Heresy

The major Italian filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini was also a poet, novelist, essayist, and iconoclastic political commentator. Naomi Greene reveals to English-speaking readers the diverse talents that made him one of the most controversial European intellectuals of the postwar era, at the center of political and cultural debates still vital to our time. Greene presents Pasolini's films to the English-speaking world in full detail and in a rich critical context, using them to trace the evolution of his ideas and the details of his troubled personal life from 1950, when he settled in Rome, to 1975, the year of his brutal murder, apparently at the hands of a young male prostitute. "In her concise and sympathetic book, Greene intelligently explicates the political and social context within which Pasolini became both a leading figure and a significant heretic. He was an atheist who directed one of the few genuinely profound biblical films in the cinema, a communist who severely criticized many of the radical movements of modern Italy. Though he publicly acknowledged his homosexuality, he privately referred to it as his "sickness." As the book well documents, Pasolini was not a rebel but rather an authentic heretic who worked in contradiction to both his medium and milieu.
Geology and geochronology of Helikian magmatism, western Labrador

The Shabogamo intrusive suite, a predominantly gabbroic magma series intrusive into a variety of Archean, Aphebian, and Helikian units in the Churchill and Grenville Provinces of western Labrador, is reliably dated at circa 1375 Ma using both the Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd methods on whole rocks and mineral separates. The suite is thus synchronous with Elsonian magmatism in Labrador, which is characterized by the intrusion of large volumes of gabbroic, anorthositic, and associated magma, and so invites petrogenetic correlations on a regional scale.Gabbros of the Shabogamo intrusive suite are emplaced into volcanics and volcaniclastics of the Blueberry Lake group, which are provisionally dated at 1540 ± 40 Ma. The volcanic rocks are therefore of similar age to, and probably correlative with, the upper Petscapiskau Group and Bruce River Group felsic volcanics, which occur further east in a narrow belt within the Grenville Foreland zone. The linear disposition of centres of felsic volcanism in the Grenville Foreland zo...
Reticulate Evolution Everywhere

Reticulation is a recurring evolutionary pattern found in phylogenetic reconstructions of life. The pattern results from how species interact and evolve by mechanisms and processes including symbiosis; symbiogenesis; lateral gene transfer (that occurs via bacterial conjugation, transformation, transduction, Gene Transfer Agents, or the movements of transposons, retrotransposons, and other mobile genetic elements); hybridization or divergence with gene flow; and infectious heredity (induced either directly by bacteria, bacteriophages, viruses, prions, protozoa and fungi, or via vectors that transmit these pathogens). Research on reticulate evolution today takes on inter- and transdisciplinary proportions and is able to unite distinct research fields ranging from microbiology and molecular genetics to evolutionary biology and the biomedical sciences. This chapter summarizes the main principles of the diverse reticulate evolutionary mechanisms and situates them into the chapters that make up this volume.
Inhibition of bacterial growth by metal salts. A survey of effects on the synthesis of ribonucleic acid and protein.

Inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli M.R.E. 600 by six different metal salts was accompanied by a greater decrease in the synthesis of RNA than in that of protein. The action of cobalt chloride was exceptional; inhibited cells made an excess of RNA to an extent depending on the concentration of Co(2+), the time of incubation and the concentration of Mg(2+) in the medium. Preferential synthesis of RNA in the presence of cobalt chloride was not confined to E. coli but occurred to various extents in some, but not all, of the other micro-organisms that were tested. Possible reasons for the special effect of Co(2+) are discussed.
Electromagnetic radiation from superconducting string cusps

Cusps in superconducting cosmic strings produce strongly beamed electromagnetic radiation. To calculate the energy emitted requires taking into account the effect of the charge carriers on the string motion, which has previously been done only heuristically. Here we use the known exact solution to the equations of motion for the case where the current is chiral to update previous calculations for the total energy, spectrum and angular distribution in that case. We analyze the dependence of the radiated energy on the cusp parameters, and discuss which types of cusp dominate the total radiation emitted from an ensemble.
Reactions of organic compounds in adsorbed monolayers. I. Ozonation of 3,7-dimethyloctyl acetate

Oxidation with ozone of 3,7-dimethyloctyl acetate (7) adsorbed on silica gel, alumina or barium sulphate proceeds in good yield and affords mainly the 7-hydroxy compound (8) and the 7-nor-ketone (9). Minor products include the 3-alcohol (10) and the 3,7-diol (11). The reaction involves interaction of gaseous ozone with the adsorbed organic substrate. The relative yields of the various products are related to the substrate loading. The results show that the very high regioselectivity exhibited by the reaction when conducted under suitable experimental conditions may be attributed to the mutual steric effect of one molecule upon the other in the adsorbed monolayer.
Telling the truth Heller as philosopher of history and personality

In this essay, I reconstruct Heller’s philosophy of history, arguing both that Heller’s position presents a serious intervention into modern theorizing about historical patternicity and that Heller’s position should be understood as a valuable hybrid, uniting her existential, ethical, and pragmatic bodies of work. For Heller, history is implicated indissolubly in the personal and ethical decision-making of individual actors. I conclude that Heller undermines postmodern claims about the relativism of history and scientific progress, notwithstanding initial appearances to the contrary.
[Johann Gregor Gutturff: the life and work of a plague barber on the 17th century].

Johann Gregor Gutturff was a plague barber in the Dresden epidemic of 1680, and important records of his life and work have survived. Largely ignored by plague research, the source material provides detailed insight into the quasi-medical work and everyday life of a plague barber. The sources provide information relating to medical diagnosis and treatment; the barber's relationship to his patients; and the public's perception of the barber and his work. There is also a good deal to be learned relating to Johann Gregor Gutturff himself: his self-perception as a person suffering from plague, his experience under the plague regiment, and other opinions and reflections. Last but not least, this study attests to the existence of numerous unevaluated archival materials, which can be systematically analysed to create new avenues of historical description (historiography) and epidemiology.
The Subsurface Geology and Source Rocks Characteristics of Some Jurassic and Cretaceous Sequences in the West Qarun Area, North Western Desert, Egypt

The lithostratigraphic cross sections, thickness variations, and lithofacies of some Jurassic and Cretaceous rock units are discussed in order to distinguish the shape and the extent of sedimentary basins and the environment of deposition. The geochemical study assisted in the identification of potential source intervals within the studied rock units. The results showed that the Middle Jurassic source rocks are mature and have good to very good organic richness with mixed kerogen type (III/II). The Cretaceous source rocks vary from poor to very good with mixed oil and gas and characterized by immature to marginally mature in the study area.
Older Age and Steroid Use Are Associated with Increasing Polypharmacy and Potential Medication Interactions Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Comorbidity and polypharmacy, more prevalent among older persons, may impact the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aims of this study were to assess the frequency of polypharmacy and medication interactions within a cohort of older patients with IBD and describe IBD treatment patterns.



Cohort study of 190 patients with IBD 65 years or older followed at a tertiary IBD referral center from 2006 to 2012. Data collected included demographics, IBD-specific characteristics including disease activity, and comorbidity. Medication histories were extracted from medical records, and data were used to classify polypharmacy, frequency, and severity of potential medication interactions and inappropriate medication use.



Older patients with IBD were prescribed an average of 9 routine medications. Severe polypharmacy (≥10 routine medications) was present in 43.2% of studied patients and associated with increasing age, greater comorbidity, and steroid use. Overall, 73.7% of patients had at least 1 potential medication interaction, including 40% of patients with potential IBD medication-associated interactions. Chronic steroids were prescribed to 40% of the older patients including 24% who were in remission or with mild disease activity. Only 39.5% of patients were on immunomodulators and 21.1% on biologics. Approximately, 35% of patients were given at least 1 Beers inappropriate medication and almost 10% were receiving chronic narcotics.



Older patients with IBD are at increased risk for severe polypharmacy and potential major medication interactions especially with increasing comorbidity and chronic steroid use. Steroid-maintenance therapies are prevalent among the older patients with IBD with lower utilization of steroid-sparing regimens.
Fake? : the art of deception

What is a fake and why are fakes made? Did the forgers of the Turin Shroud and Piltdown Man have the same motives? Does a famous Vermeer cease to be beautiful when it turns out to be a Van Meegeren? Is the Piranesi Vase an eighteenth-century masterpiece or a faked-up antique? Fakes, argue the contributors to this volume, have always been unjustly neglected, especially given the unparalleled evidence they provide of the values and perceptions of both those who make them and those who commission them.Included in this major survey of fakes and forgeries from ancient Babylonia to the present day are more than 600 objects from the British Museum and other outstanding collections. There are spectacular fakes once hailed as masterpieces of ancient and modern art. There are musical instruments and manuscripts, Chinese bronzes and Chelsea porcelain. There are literary and documentary frauds and political forgeries that have changed the course of history. Both the methods of making fakes and the recent scientific advances in their detection are described, but many puzzles remain. The book concludes with a discussion of intriguing cases like the Vinland Map, the "Aztec" rock-crystal skull, and the mysterious discoveries at Glozel, which continue to perplex curator, historian, and scientist alike.
1995 workshop on electronic design processes: April 19–21, 1995

The Electronic Design Processes Subcommittee of the DATC held its third annual Workshop on Electronic Design Processes from April 19 through 21, 1995. With 24 participants we were able to achieve the quality of interactions that workshops are intended for. Seventeen of the participants were from industry and seven from universities. The Co-chairs were Margarida Jacome (jacome@pine.ece.utexas.edu) and Jerry S u l l i v a n ( j s s . d t i @ t p o i n t . c o m ) . Bill M c C a l l a (wjmc@cadence.com) was Registrar/Treasurer and Charlotte Acken (cfacken@sandia.gov) was Local Arranger.
A STUDY OF THE GRAVITATIONAL WAVE FORM FROM PULSARS

We present analytical and numerical studies of the Fourier transform (FT) of the gravitational wave (GW) signal from a pulsar, taking into account the rotation and orbital motion of the Earth. We also briefly discuss the Zak– Gelfand integral transform and a special class of the generalized hypergeometric function of potential relevance. The Zak–Gelfand integral transform that arises in our analytic approach has also been useful for Schr¨ odinger operators in periodic potentials in condensed matter physics (Bloch wavefunctions) and holds promise for the study of periodic GW signals for long integration times.
Preparation of carbon nanotubes with iron nanowires inside using a simple microwave-based method

The importance of synthesizing carbon nanotubes with iron nanowires inside (Fe-MWNTs) via microwave radiation lies in the fact that it allows to improve aspects such as selective and uniform heating of the sample, reduction of the time of synthesis, avoiding complex experimental procedures and lowering the cost of production. In this paper we synthesize and characterize carbon nanotubes with iron nanowires inside using a mixture of graphite and iron acetate powders as starting materials and a 900 W domestic microwave oven used as power source. A mixture of the starting materials inside a vacuum sealed quartz ampoule was subjected to radiation for 7 min. As a result straight Fe nanowires are obtained with lengths between 5 and 15 microns, and a wide variety of partially Fe filled nanotubes with diameters in the 30–80 nm range. Samples were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.