nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Priorities for research and management on Lake Victoria

Under the worrisomely changing situation in fish species diversity, water environment characteristics, socio-economic dimensions and other ecosystems variables in Lake Victoria, there is an urgent need to put in place effective research and management packages aimed at safe guarding the sustainability of the vast resources of the lake. 
Priority in have been out-lined to develop strategies which would promote biological productivity and diversity, and socio-economic returns. But given the size of the lake (69,000 km2) and the complexity of dynamic forces which are driving the changes, coordinated approach for research and management among the riparian states and the international scientific community will be required. The task is not only extensive but urgent as well.
Crystallization, glass transition, and molecular dynamics in PDMS of low molecular weights: A calorimetric and dielectric study

In this work linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) of five low molecular weights, W m ∼2–8 kg/mol, i.e. mainly below the entanglement threshold, is studied employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC), a special dielectric technique in the temperature domain, and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). It is shown mainly via raw data that the crystallization and glass transition for the larger W m s follow expected trends, however, for W m ∼2 k (corresponding to ∼22 monomers/chain) crystallization is severely suppressed and slower. Moreover, it is demonstrated that upon isothermal annealing the crystalline fraction (CF) is maximized for all W m s with the exception of the lower one. For the latter, results indicate that during the annealing only the first stages of crystallization (nucleation, ordering of the polymer around the nuclei) take place, while the main crystallization event (formation of crystals) is recorded only upon heating, via the cold crystallization process. The suppressed crystallizability originates from the retarded nucleation. In particular for the lower W m , the presence of large numbers of chain ends should be at the origins of hindered short range ordering of the polymer chains, as well as in relation to the difficult formation of physical crosslinks. At the same time, in TSDC and BDS uniquely for W m ∼2 k upon annealing and CF∼0, next to the relaxation peaks related with the glass transition of the bulk-like polymer ( α and α c ), an additional quite strong peak ( α new ) is recorded at higher temperatures. The overall characteristics of α new relaxation resemble those of PDMS chains constrained and ordered in the interfacial layer in amorphous silica/PDMS nanocomposites ( α int relaxation). Thus, combing the overall results with results from the literature, it is proposed that α new is a direct recoding of retarded dynamics of the polymer chains being ordered around the crystallization nuclei or around extremely small crystals.
BOHMIAN MECHANICS AND QUANTUM EQUILIBRIUM

BOHMIAN MECHANICS AND QUANTUM EQUILIBRIUMDetlef Durr*, Sheldon Goldstein and Nino Zangh¨ ´i**Department of MathematicsRutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ 089031. IntroductionWe report here on our work on Bohmian mechanics. A much more detailedpresentation will be published elsewhere [7].According to the quantum formalism, measurements performed on a quantumsystem with deﬁnite wave function typically yield random results. However, thequantum dynamics governing the evolution of the wave function over time, at leastwhen no measurement is being performed, and given, say, by Schrodinger’s equa-tion, is completely deterministic. Thus if all physical processes, including those wecall measurements, are governed by the same fundamental laws, and if one assumesthe wave function to be the complete description of the physical state, one arrivesat an inconsistency, often referred to as “the measurement problem” or the problemof the “collapse of the wave function.”Debates over this were strongly inﬂuenced by “quantum epistemology”—by theobligatory reference to the observer in a measurement, whose act of “observation”somehow creates the random outcome. In recent years, however, the growing disen-chantment with this irreducible reference to the observer has begun to assume theform of serious doubts about the validity and meaning of the quantum formalism.
Adoption of Internet Banking Service within the Corporate Sector: Evidence from Newly Acceded EU Country

This paper explores the level of adoption of the Internet banking service in the corporate sector of Croatia as newly acceded EU country, with the goal of finding out the reasons behind the usage of service or refusal to use. Furthermore, we seek an answer regarding the frequency of usage of certain Internet banking functionalities among those companies which implemented the Internet banking. Finally, we hypothesise that companies’ characteristics explain disparities in acceptance of Internet banking service. A questionnaire research encompassed up to 80 companies. Research results reveal that the most of companies (around 75%) adopted the Internet banking service, but mainly to perform transactional services (e.g. paying bills, checking bank account balances and transferring funds). Profitability of the company, an industry in which it operates and computer literacy of its employees are confirmed as the main drivers of Internet banking service adoption. Furthermore, there is a relationship between using online banking in private and professional life. Altogether, the obtained results might be interesting for the Croatian banks in their attempts to operate as the full-service institutions via cross-selling strategy and possible new entrants to Croatian banking market.
Internal and External Factors on Firms’ Transfer Pricing Decisions: Insights from Organization Studies

Well understood in economics, accounting, finance, and legal research, transfer pricing has rarely been comprehensively explored in organization management literature. This paper explores some theoretical explanations of transfer pricing within multidivisional firms drawing insights from various organizational theories - primarily institutional theory, transaction cost economics, and social networks - to develop a conceptual model of transfer pricing. This model focuses on the nature of multidivisional firms' internal transfers, internal and external technological environments, and internal and external social environments. We highlight the importance of transfer pricing as a key strategic dimension to understand intra-firm flows and their associated costs.
JFK and LBJ: The Influence of Personality Upon Politics

Exploring the influence of personality upon politics, Mr. Wicker explains why John F. Kennedy, the popular president, failed to push his legislative program through Congress, and why Lyndon Johnson, the consummate domestic politician, squandered his great consensus in an unpopular war in Vietnam. "Steadily persuasive...wonderfully astute and incomparably lucid."-Newsweek.
Processing and mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline Fe

Nanocrystalline Fe samples have been produced by inert gas condensation and warm compaction with a new consolidation device. The new consolidation device was designed and built to reduce the processing defect population inherent in samples produced in an earlier device and to minimize contamination. The Vickers microhardness of nanocrystalline Fe, while still strongly dependent upon porosity, is 3 to 7 times the microhardness of coarse-grained Fe.
Urban pioneers in the making: Recontextualization and the emergence of the engaged resident in redeveloping communities1

This paper discusses the interconnections among discourse, personhood and the political economy of contemporary urban transformation. Drawing on interview and walking-tour data from three redeveloping neighborhoods in a mid-size city in the U.S. Southeast, I examine metasemiotic descriptions of the ‘engaged urban resident’ as a particular emblem of identity that is circulated in a social network of residents and community-redevelopment sponsors. Using a discourse-analytic approach, I discuss four different excerpts as recontextualizations of the emblem, moving from an institutional description that offers an abstract model of conduct for urban residents to deictically concrete and personalized testimonies of resident action. The analysis highlights how despite a common thematic focus on resident engagement, personal commentaries and stories of resident activism steer away from the institutional ideal of positive problem solving toward conflict and acts of removal. I identify links between circulated metasemiotic descriptions of the ‘engaged urban resident’ and market-led urban redevelopment and argue that individual reframings and enactments of the institutionally-mandated urban persona can foster socially exclusive and spatially-purified urban neighborhoods.
The Newcastle NHS Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Service: not all fatigue is the same.

In England the Department of Health has funded specialist clinical services aimed at diagnosing and managing the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). These services are not available to those who do not fulfil the diagnostic criteria for CFS. This service evaluation examined the proportion of those referred to a specialist CFS service fulfilling the Fukuda diagnostic criteria for CFS and the alternative fatigue-associated diagnoses. The CFS database was interrogated to include every patient referred to the Newcastle service from November 2008 to December 2009. All medical notes were reviewed and the diagnosis, sex and age recorded. Data were compared to a previous service evaluation (2005-07). In 2008-09, 260 subjects were referred: 19 referrals per month (260/14), compared with 17 referrals per month in 2005-07 (375/24). The proportion of patients diagnosed with CFS increased significantly compared with 2007 (36% [20/56] vs 60% [157/260]; p < 0.0001). Of the 40% of patients subsequently found not to have CFS the most common diagnosis was fatigue associated with a chronic disease (47% of all alternative diagnoses); 20% had primary sleep disorders, 15% psychological/psychiatric illnesses and 4% a cardiovascular disorder. Thirteen per cent remained unexplained (5.2% of the total referrals). This study found a significant increase in the proportion of patients referred to National Health Service (NHS) CFS services diagnosed with CFS. A large proportion of patients presenting with fatigue are not eligible for referral to the Department of Health specialist fatigue services, which represents an unmet need in terms of symptom management in current NHS services.
After Wordsworth: Global Revisions of the English Poet

): Makdisi, Saree |  After Wordsworth reads the fraught relationships between the English poet and his global Anglophone audience, for whom he was an inspiration and a burden--often at the same time. Where other scholars, both Romanticist and otherwise, have analyzed the afterlives of Romanticism in a teleological straight path from life to afterlife, my dissertation turns this path into a round-trip. By connecting the trajectory of life and afterlife in a circuit, I argue that William Wordsworth's appearances in a variety of genres and locales--from political tracts to memoirs, from New England to the Amazon--do not just produce a reception history. Rather, they uncover the ambivalent Englishness of Wordsworth's own writing.The dissertation opens with a primal scene: the common childhood experience, especially in the colonies of the British empire, of memorizing and reciting Wordsworth's "I wandered lonely as a cloud." In Jamaica Kincaid's Lucy (1990), this experience inspires the title character's immediate hatred for daffodils. But in chapter one I argue that rather than repudiating Wordsworth's poetry, Kincaid in My Garden (Book): (1999) shares Wordsworth's struggle in his Guide to the Lakes (1835) to express the relationship between local stasis and colonial movement through the contested and artificial space of the garden. In chapter two I examine J. M. Coetzee's Disgrace (1999) and contest the critical assumption that it uses Wordsworth's Prelude (1805) merely to indicate the irrelevance of what Coetzee calls in White Writing "the quintessentially European posture of reader vis-a-vis environment." In chapter three I examine the abolitionist afterlife of Wordsworth in the political writings of antebellum activist Lydia Maria Child, who musters Wordsworth's Excursion (1814) in support of her comprehensive anti-slavery agenda--an agenda that Wordsworth seldom considered. In my concluding chapter I suggest that Wordsworth's representativeness, his ability to stand for moral, geographical, and national spheres beyond those which he actually inhabited in his writing, has in part a strange and paradoxical source: it has been constructed since the 1790s by the Wordsworth family. Both then and now, the Wordsworth family labors reveal that the poet's preeminence is a result of his representativeness, a quality that requires a familial infrastructure ready to subsume itself under the banner of Wordsworth.
Social Theory and the Sociological Discipline(s) - European Sociological Association's Social Theory Conference

One cost of sociology s growth and its institutional success are fragmentation and specialization. However, the continual splicing off into new themes and subfields, and frequent cutting off from traditional links with the classical founders, discipline-wide issues, and subfield-transcending questions are often criticized at ESA and ISA meetings. It ultimately contradicts sociology s self-understanding in two important ways: first, its widespread post-Kuhnian philosophical foundation and, second, its public role in society. Consequently, it is increasingly important to remind ourselves what the identity of sociology is and look for unifying links that inspire the breadth of sociological studies, namely, for social theory: How does social theory keep sociology and social sciences together? And, in particular, how does it do that in practice?One cost of sociology s growth and its institutional success are fragmentation and specialization. However, the continual splicing off into new themes and subfields, and frequent cutting off from traditional links with the classical founders, discipline-wide issues, and subfield-transcending questions are often criticized at ESA and ISA meetings. It ultimately contradicts sociology s self-understanding in two important ways: first, its widespread post-Kuhnian philosophical foundation and, second, its public role in society. Consequently, it is increasingly important to remind ourselves what the identity of sociology is and look for unifying links that inspire the breadth of sociological studies, namely, for social theory: How does social theory keep sociology and social sciences together? And, in particular, how does it do that in practice?
‘An Answer to the Question: What is [ubuntu]?'

First circumscriptionAn abstract, like the introduction, stands in a problematic relationship to the text. Written last but read first, it seeks to capture the essence of a text or at least, to draw the reader’s attention to main and supportive arguments. But arguments don’t necessarily unfold in terms of premises and conclusions, supportive and main arguments. When they don’t, the idea of prefacing a text with an abstract and introduction becomes problematic. There is nothing new in this. Many philosophers, Hegel and Derrida to name but two, have written extensively on this question. That said, it gains renewed actuality for a paper that argues, among many other things of equal importance, for a distinction between the work of ubuntu and the discourse on ubuntu. The former is irreducible to the latter in the sense that, given the discursive invention of Africa, it will always remain heterogenous to our attempts to name it. We can at best circumscribe this difference and all the attempts we have historica...
Letter by Nunes regarding article, "Clinical cardiology: physician update: erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease".

I appreciated the review by Schwartz and Kloner,1 but I disagree with some points. The authors classify the patients with erectile dysfunction as low-, intermediate- and high-risk cardiovascular groups as defined by The Second Princeton Consensus  They suggest that intermediate-risk patients with erectile dysfunction, including asymptomatic individuals with ≥3 cardiovascular risk factors, should undergo cardiac stress testing to detect asymptomatic coronary artery disease …
Catalysis of phosphoryl group transfer. The role of divalent metal ions in the hydrolysis of lactic acid O-phenyl phosphate and salicylic acid O-aryl phosphates.

The spontaneous hydrolyses of lactic acid O-phenyl phosphate (I) and, to a lesser extent, 3-hydroxybutyric acid O-phenyl phosphate (II) have been investigated and compared with similar intramolecular and bimolecular reactions. Compared to bimolecular nucleophilic reactions, the reactivity of II is similar to other systems involving the formation of a six-membered ring intermediate, which suggests that the electrostatic barrier to attack of an anionic nucleophile on a phosphate diester anion is fully present in II. The reactivity of I, as compared to that of II, would suggest that at least a partial overcoming of the electrostatic barrier takes place upon closer approimation of the two reacting centers. The Mn-2+-catalyzed hydrolysis of I exhibits saturation kinetics, consistent with the enhanced reactivity of the metal ion-substrate complex. The binding constant for this complex, determined from kinetics, is in good agreement with that obtained by electron spin resonance (ESR) titration. It is argued that the complex of Mn-2+ with II, as observed by pulsed Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, is a precursor to the complex of catalytic significance. The hydrolysis of I as catalyzed by a variety of divalent metal ions suggests an optimal metal ion size. The spontaneous and metal ion catalyzed hydrolyses of salicyclic acid O-aryl phosphates (IIIa-d) proceed through cyclic acyl phosphate intermediates after expulsion of phenol. Product studies on the parent compound have failed to detect phenyl phosphate as a product in either the spontaneous or metal ion catalyzed process. The dependence of the second-order rate constant for the metal-catalyzed hydrolysis on leaving group pKa, beta-1-g, decreases significantly relative to beta-1-g for the spontaneous hydrolysis. From the collective data a specific interation of the metal ion with a pentacovalent intermediate is inferred in the rate-determining step for esters I and III. The probable consequences of these mechanistic postulates for phosphoryl transfer reactions in biological systems are discussed.
Financing Constraints, Firm Dynamics, and International Trade

This paper studies the impact of financial constraints on exporter dynamics, and the role of financial intermediation in international trade. We propose a two-country general equilibrium model economy in which entrepreneurs and lenders engage in longterm credit relationships. Financial markets are endogenously incomplete because of private information, and financial constraints arise as a consequence of optimal financial contracts. In equilibrium, competitive financial intermediaries actively channel individuals' short-term deposits to fund a diversified portfolio of long-term risky firms. Young and small firms operate below their efficient level, and their financial constraint is relaxed as the entrepreneur's claim to future cash- flows increases. Consistent with empirical regularities, there is a substantial year-to-year transition in and out of export markets for smaller firms, and new exporters account only for a small share of total exports. Established ex-porters are less likely to exit export markets and tend to experience slower, albeit more stable growth.
Benefits of relationship banking: Evidence from consumer credit markets

This paper empirically examines the benefits of relationship banking to banks, in the context of consumer credit markets. Using a unique panel dataset that contains comprehensive information about the relationships between a large bank and its credit card customers, we estimate the effects of relationship banking on the customers' default, attrition, and utilization behavior. We find that relationship accounts exhibit lower probabilities of default and attrition, and have higher utilization rates, compared to non-relationship accounts, ceteris paribus. Such effects become more pronounced with increases in various measures of the strength of the relationships, such as relationship breadth, depth, length, and proximity. Moreover, dynamic information about changes in the behavior of a customer’s other accounts at the bank, such as changes in checking and savings balances, helps predict and thus monitor the behavior of the credit card account over time. These results imply significant potential benefits of relationship banking to banks in the retail credit market.
A lithospheric-scale seismogenic thrust in central Italy

In this paper, the relatively deep (up to 90 km) seismicity of central Italy is considered in comparison with the upper crust seismicity at the outer front of the Apennine fold-and-thrust belt system and with the major crust-scale tectonic discontinuities outlined by deep crust seismic reflection and refraction profiles. In particular, attention is given to the presence of a Plio-Quaternary SW-dipping thrust zone cutting the entire Adriatic crust and emerging at the outer front of the Apennine thrust system, along the Po Plain-Adriatic belt. This discontinuity, detectable from the CROP 03 near-vertical seismic reflection profile, but only partially highlighted in previous studies, is here named Adriatic Thrust (AT). The geometry of the AT is compared with the distribution and kinematics of the Coastal-Adriatic upper crust seismicity, of the Marche Foothill lower crust seismicity and of the Apennine deep seismicity (base of the crust and upper mantle). A good spatial correspondence between the down-dip fault geometry and the seismicity is observed. The rheological stratification of the lithosphere controls the location of the seismic activity at different depth intervals along the fault plane (0–10, 15–25, 35–45 km). The reconstructed rheological conditions do not allow to justify in terms of brittle behavior the deepest earthquakes, located at depths from 55 to 70 km within the possible down-dip intra-mantle prosecution of the AT. These events might represent either co-seismic plastic instabilities due to high strain concentrations within the AT shear zone or seismic failure of the continental Adriatic lithosphere due to a strong increase in pore fluid pressure (infiltration from the asthenosphere of hydroxil-CO 2 rich volatiles). The proposed interpretation of the AT as a lithosphere-scale seismogenic fault zone, has several implications: (1) the Po Plain-Adriatic front of the Apennine thrust system is still active; (2) the Apennine deep seismicity is not associated with a SW-dipping subduction plane; (3) seismogenic deformation in association with lithospheric failure is possible.
$b \to s$ Transitions in Family-dependent $U(1)^\prime$ Models

We analyze flavor-changing-neutral-current (FCNC) effects in the $b\to s$ transitions that are induced by family non-universal $U(1)'$ gauge symmetries. After systematically developing the necessary formalism, we present a correlated analysis for the $\Delta B =1, 2$ processes. We adopt a model-independent approach in which we only require family-universal charges for the first and second generations and small fermion mixing angles. We analyze the constraints on the resulting parameter space from $B_s - \bar B_s$ mixing and the time-dependent CP asymmetries of the penguin-dominated $B_d \to (\pi, \phi, \eta', \rho, \omega, f_0)K_S$ decays. Our results indicate that the currently observed discrepancies in some of these modes with respect to the Standard Model predictions can be consistently accommodated within this general class of models.