nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Thromboembolic prevention in frail elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: a practical algorithm.

Atrial fibrillation is a common condition in the elderly, and the incidence of thromboembolic events secondary to atrial fibrillation increases with age. Antithrombotic therapy effectively prevents stroke and systemic embolism but also exposes patients to the risk of bleeding. Because the risk of bleeding also increases with age, clinicians tend to withhold anticoagulation in the elderly. Anticoagulation is particularly complex in the frail elderly patient, who presents additional risk factors affecting both efficacy and safety of thromboembolic prevention. The main clinical trials rarely include frail elderly patients and, consequently, the guidelines do not provide guidance for their management. In the absence of clear indications for this class of patients, we identified some areas that should be taken into account both before starting and when discontinuing anticoagulation: comorbidities, polypharmacotherapy, adherence, cognitive impairment, mobility and monitoring barriers, nutritional status and swallowing disorders, risk of falls, and reduced life expectancy. We also suggest a multidimensional algorithm covering both a standard ischemic and bleeding risk assessment and an additional anticoagulation-focused frailty assessment. This is of particular relevance given the recent introduction of the oral direct inhibitors, as they are likely to widen the treatment options for the frail elderly. Depending on which aspect of frailty is present, anticoagulation can now be tailored accordingly.
Tolerance or truth? : The good, the bad and the political in the discourse of the American Family Association

This master’s thesis conducts a discourse analysis on a political organization within the New Christian Right (NCR), the American Family Association (AFA). The purpose of the study is to analyze the conditions of possibility for a politics that aims to prevent progress for LGBT rights and does so by analyzing the political terrain where operations of power produce particular and meaningful political practices. As analytical tools the study relies on a theory of the political by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, who together with Michel Foucault also provide an elaborate theory of power. Theoretical work by Wendy Brown provides insights into how politics can be expressed when social antagonisms are prevented from engaging in political contestation. Results of the discourse analysis trace social antagonisms in AFA discourse to a dislocation of the social where new articulatory practices have established new relationships between elements of discourse and thereby also changed the nature of social intelligibility and interaction. AFA discourse articulates family values based on the privileged signifiers of freedom, democracy and rights, which is utilized both for a separatist politics of discrimination and an inclusive politics of social assimilation. AFA discourse shows many points of antagonism and organizes an enemy in postmodernism. Freedom as a mode of governmentality conditions the political demands that are and can be made which can be traced to a hegemonic neoliberal articulation. AFA discourse challenges neoliberal hegemony through the process of separatism, yet is intimately bound to the hegemonic way of making political demands in order to gain discursive strength and legitimacy.
Review of Willie Henderson's The origins of David Hume's economics. London and New York: Routledge, 2010, 228 pp.

The " origins " in the title refers narrowly to the link between Hume's Political discourses (1987 [1752]) and A treatise of human nature (2002 [1739-1740]). As this locution indicates Henderson wants to argue for a unity and continuity in Hume's thinking—hence a detailed discussion of the " Abstract " (of A treatise of human nature) and a chapter on the two However, he argues that notwithstanding this coherence Hume deliberately changed his " textual strategy " and embarked on what Henderson calls a " rhetorical turn " (Henderson 2010, 4, et passim). In the context of this book's own " strategy " the way this argument is executed produces an odd outcome. Henderson is careful to advertise that this is not a book of " advanced scholarship " but is a " general book " intended " to help those new to Hume " (pp. xvi, 20, xv), yet the first third of the book is devoted to a discussion of textual analysis in general and of some passages of Hume in particular. The more general analysis goes on at some length about the various meaning of " summarization " and " selection " , citing in the process some standard histories of economics. It is questionable whether Henderson's intended audience is as concerned as he is with this issue. Henderson's own commitment to textualism is relatively unreflective. There is not here any excursus into Derridean or Foucauldian concerns about " authorship " (merely some occasional secondhand references to post-structuralism) nor is there any acknowledgement of the Cambridge School's and their critics' deliberations on intentionality. This unreflectiveness does reveal itself in some naivety, as when he states " meaning is rarely given in a sentence, being rather constructed within a sweep of sentences in a surrounding discourse " (p. 36). He also does not subscribe to this dictum wholeheartedly since he is able to declare that Hume's admiration for commercial society is exhibited " at sentence level " (p. 89). At the heart of Henderson's textualism is what he calls " close reading " which he
Modelling Remote Concurrency with Ada

When developing concurrent software, a proper engineering practice is to choose a good level of abstraction for expressing concurrency control. Ideally, this level should provide platform-independent abstractions but, as the platform concurrency behaviour cannot be ignored, this abstraction level must also be able to cope with it and exhibit the influence of different possible behaviours. We state that the Ada language provides such a convenient abstraction level for concurrency description and evaluation, including distributed concurrency. For demonstrating it, we present two new cooperative algorithms based on remote procedure calls which, although simply stated, contain actual concurrency complexity and difficulties. They allow a distributed symmetric nondeterministic rendezvous. One relies on a common server and the second is fully distributed. Both realize a symmetric rendezvous using an asymmetric RPC modelled by Ada rendezvous. These case studies show that Ada concurrency features provide the adequate abstraction level both for describing and evaluating concurrency and for carrying out design decisions.
Student under stress

Stress is a natural phenomenon, sooner or later experienced by the most Rapid increase in the number of students with health problems, seeking health and advisory services, causes deep concern to parents, schools and wider community. This, in turn, arouses the interest in the research of the negative effects of poor physical and mental health on academic success. Considering the fact that school age population was rarely the subject of research, this paper deals with psycho-social and developmental aspects of stress, namely, with causes, consequences and the strategies for overcoming stressful events in the education of children and adolescents. Life events in which children most often participate and which are also potential sources of stress (stressors) can be classified into familial, interpersonal, personal and academic. Out of numerous identified sources of stress, we have focused our attention on several less researched ones in the field of school life starting school, transition from primary school to secondary and from secondary school to university, peer rejection and problems concerning financing school education. Anxiety, depression and anger were analyzed as the most frequent consequences of unfavorable life events. The following strategies for overcoming stress are most often used by children and adolescents: seeking social support, problem-solving orientation, reduction and avoidance of tension as well as sport and recreation.
: Designing a Scalable Build Process

Modern software codebases are frequently large, heterogeneous, and constantly evolving. The languages and tools for software construction, including code builds and configuration management, have not been well-studied. Developers are often faced with using 1) older tools (like make) that do not scale well, 2) custom build scripts that tend to be fragile, or 3) proprietary tools that are not portable. 
 
In this paper, we study the build issue as a domain-specific programming problem. There are a number of challenges that are unique to the domain of build systems. We argue that a central goal is compositionality—that is, it should be possible to specify a software component in isolation and add it to a project with an assurance that the global specification will not be compromised. The next important goal is to cover the full range of complexity—from allowing very concise specifications for the most common cases to providing the flexibility to encompass projects with unusual needs. Dependency analysis, which is a prerequisite for incremental builds, must be automated in order to achieve compositionality an reliability; it also spans the full range of complexity. 
 
We develop a language for describing software builds and configuration. We also develop an implementation (called OMake), that addresses all the above challenges efficiently and portably. It also provides a number of features that help streamline the edit/compile development cycle. 
 
OMake is freely available under the GNU General Public License, and is actively being used in several large projects.
Efficient graffiti image retrieval

Research of graffiti character recognition and retrieval, as a branch of traditional optical character recognition (OCR), has started to gain attention in recent years. We have investigated the special challenge of the graffiti image retrieval problem and propose a series of novel techniques to overcome the challenges. The proposed bounding box framework locates the character components in the graffiti images to construct meaningful character strings and conduct image-wise and semantic-wise retrieval on the strings rather than the entire image. Using real world data provided by the law enforcement community to the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, we show that the proposed framework outperforms the traditional image retrieval framework with better retrieval results and improved computational efficiency.
Synthesis of nanocrystalline RuO2(60%)-SnO2(40%) powders by amorphous citrate route

Nanometer RuO2-SnO2 was synthesized by the citrate-gel method using RuCl3, SnCl4 as cation sources, citric acid as complexing agent and anhydrous ethanol as solvent. The structures of the derived powders were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement. The pure, fine and amorphous powders was obtained at 160 °C. The materials calcined at above 400 °C were composed of rutile-type oxide phases having particle sizes of fairly narrow distribution and good thermal resistant properties. By adding SnO2 to RuO2, the Ru metallic phase can be effectively controlled under a traditional temperature of preparation for dimensional stable anode.
A survey of cancer patients undergoing a radical course of radiotherapy to establish levels of anxiety and depression.

This research aims to establish the prevalence and aetiology of anxiety and depression in cancer patients 
within their first 2 weeks of a radical course of radiotherapy. Depression followed by anxiety is the two 
most frequent psychological disorders experienced by cancer patients. However, these two disorders are frequently undiagnosed and untreated in patients undergoing a course of radiotherapy possibly because the treatment side effects often simulate those of anxiety and depression; the consequences of this can be reduced patient prognosis and increased health care costs. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 100 eligible cancer patients and this yielded a 68% response rate. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale was integrated into the questionnaire to accurately establish levels of anxiety and 
depression in the respondents of the study. The study identified six respondents with clinically significant 
levels of anxiety (9%) and six with depression (9%); 21% (n ¼ 14) of participants had higher than normal levels of anxiety and 21% for depression (n ¼ 14). Correlations were then identified between levels of psychological distress and the four independent variables; age, diagnosis, adjuvant medication and pain. Four predisposing factors were established—breast cancer diagnosis, age range 40"50 years, the presence of pain and adjuvant chemotherapy regimes
A Political History Of Nigeria And The Crisis Of Ethnicity In Nation-Building

The virus of ethnicity has been one of the most definitive causes of social crisis, injustice, inequality and religio-political instability in Nigeria. Ethnicity has been perceived in general as a major obstacle to the overall politico–economic development of the country. Nigeria is marked by underlying ethnic cleavages and inter-ethnic fears and tensions, hence a bellicose nation. These are revealed from time to time by conflicting lobbies at the moments of competition for shares of the national cake and political appointments to high offices, resource control, head of political parties and ministerial positions. Losers in competitions for high national offices often attribute their failures to ethnicity or ethnic marginalization, while winners hardly ever explained their success in terms of the influence of ethnicity, and are therefore not gallant losers or magnanimous in victory. The Nation’s incessant appeals to ethnicity have obviously showcased the evils inherent in the politicization of ethnicity. Consequently, the ensuing complications of ethnicity have grossly impinged on the development of the country in all ramifications. The paper, a historio-political venture, argues that the path was colonially charted though; the Nigerian political elite have in complicity exacerbated ethnicity in the country. As Nigeria warms to its centennial amalgamation birthday, the Nigerian political history is summable as a squandered century of nationhood, a nation-building in close call, extremely in dire need of operational reappraisals.
Interfacial Reaction in Poly Si1 − x Ge x / ZrO2 with Ge Content in Poly Si1 − x Ge x Films

The interfacial reaction between poly Si 1 - x Ge x (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4) and ZrO 2 films after annealing was investigated to use ZrO 2 films as an alternative gate dielectric. In the poly Si/ZrO 2 structure, silicidation was the dominant reaction due to continuous formation of Zr-silicide and SiO during annealing. However, in poly Si 1 - x Ge x (x = 0.2. 0.4)/ZrO 2 , silicate formation was the main reaction after annealing at 900°C for 30 min. In addition, after annealing at 800°C, the silicate layer was observed only in the poly Si 0 . 6 Ge 0 . 4 /ZrO 2 system.
The Model of Intellectual Capital Approach on the Human Capital Vision

The management of human capital had passionate scholars all over time. The managers have taken a long time to find the best way to monetize their human assets. The era of knowledge is fundamental to know and identify the vectors of intellectual capital associated with organizational productivity. In this article the dynamics associated with empirical research capable of produce an explanatory model is the subject. These studies are part of a major line of research initiated by Antonio Martins in 2000 and has been the subject of numerous publications. Following the seminal studies of Edvinsson and Nonaka, the authors seek to show a model of intellectual capital, from the theoretical conceptions of the authors of human capital. First presents a literature review, followed by the explanation and method. And then present the results and discussion on them. Finally explore the model originally presented by Antonio Martins, now validated and supported. After all, in the knowledge society, the domain of the management of intellectual capital is increasingly the difference.
Using Popular Music to Teach Principles of Economics: Beyoncé's Take on Demand and Quantity Demanded

Academic economists must teach students in principles-level classes the fundamental concepts of economics so that students become informed participants within the democratic process of collective choice over public policy (Boettke, 2012, 2011). Any good student of economics must know the distinction between demand and quantity demanded (Hayne, Boettke, and Prychitko, 2010). Economics is a social science that arrives at the knowledge through different epistemological procedures. This paper proposes the active learning exercise that uses the lyrics of the popular song “Irreplaceable” performed by American R&B singer Beyonce Knowles to teach students the fundamental concepts of demand and quantity demanded.
Base hydrolysis of [Rh(NH3)5OCOR]2+ ions: Influence of polar and steric requirements of the R groups on the reaction mechanism☆☆☆

Complexes of the type [Rh(NH3)5OCOR]2+, where RCOO- is formate, acetate or substituted acetate ion, were hydrolysed in basic aqueous media. The observed pseudo first-order rate constants were found to obey the equation 
Kobs = k1[OH−] + k2[OH−]2 
 
 
The reaction mechanism is discussed on the basis of the sensitivity of k1 and k2 to both polar and steric requirements of the R groups.
Troubles with the UN

This chapter discusses the main difficulties with which the UN has had to deal in its development since the early 1990s. It provides an overview of the problems encountered in trying to reform the Security Council, in setting its financial arrangements on a sound footing, in working more closely with regional organisations on security maintenance, in promoting development in ways which do not penalise future generations, and in strengthening the rule of law as it applies to individuals. The chapter does not propose solutions, but identifies the controversies about reform, and the range of desirable and possible outcomes. A recurrent theme is the different visions about whose interests the UN should serve: those of particular States, or groups of States, the collective interest of States, or those of individuals.
Leisure travellers' willingness to pay travel agents in a new revenue environment : a survey based on South Africa

The travel industry has experienced major changes and continues to do so. The airline industry is no longer paying commission to travel agents, and agents are now charging fees to clients for various types of services, as business and leisure travel become increasingly specialised. The role of the travel agent has changed from that of an agent for the supplier to an agent for the customer. For business travel, the travel agent has evolved into a travel management company serving the business and corporate travel market. Traditional travel agencies have started to focus more on the leisure traveller. The development of the Internet has resulted in a proliferation of channels that can be accessed by the leisure traveller, further eroding the role of the travel agent as a provider of travel information and a mechanism for reservations and transactions. The question that arises is whether the customers of a leisure travel agency are willing to pay for services that could feasibly be obtained elsewhere. In this study, customers of a travel agency franchise group were surveyed with respect to their willingness to pay for the services rendered by a travel agent. The results show that many leisure customers find that the services rendered by travel agencies are important, but believe that a distinction should be made between the type of service fee and whether the travel is international or local.
Saat Hukum Tidak Berdaya (Nasib Perempuan Korban Kekerasan dalam Himpitan Hukum)

The gender-based-violence is a nightmare and tragedy for women in transnational, cross cultural, geographical and civilizational boundaries. Moreover, prolonged human history has pervasively documented tragic, catastrophic facts recording women’s victimization. Culture, social system and structure, misogynic-religious interpretation, and especially patriarchal ideology have been stimulating, perpetuating and maintaining this women’s awful fate. Actually, several policies, political discretions and legal venues have been initiated and set up to be done in dealing with this issue. However, since law is just merely an epiphenomenon, a manifestation of cultural and social values, and a supra structure of economic power, the powerlessness and the paralyses of law were substantially and widely observed in this study. Hence, gender-based-victim have been dreadfully trapped within the dilemma of law.
Heart failure symptom monitoring and response training.

The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a heart failure (HF) training program on patients' ability to recognize and respond to changes in HF symptoms. The primary aim was to compare event-free survival at 90 days.



A total of 99 HF patients randomized to the HF symptom training intervention or usual care completed instruments about self-care (Self-Care of HF Index) and at baseline and 3 months. Demographic, clinical, and comorbidity data were collected by interview and chart review. Time to first event (death or a HF-related hospitalization) was tracked by electronic records and patient interview.



The sample was predominately male (67.7%), elderly (67.7 yrs ± 12.1) and Caucasian (88.9%). The intervention group reported more events but the difference was not significantly different (χ(2) = 1.18, p = 0.26). There was no difference in survival time between groups (χ(2) = 1.53, p = 0.216). In paired t-tests, the intervention group had significantly improved self-care maintenance, management and confidence scores (all p < 0.01). The usual care group had significantly improved self-care maintenance and management (both p < 0.01). Improvements in self-care maintenance and confidence were higher in the intervention group compared with usual care (18.0 vs. 12.9 points).



HF symptom awareness training appeared to have an early but not sustained benefit resulting in no difference in 90-day event-free survival. However, larger improvement in self-care maintenance and confidence scores in the intervention group compared to usual care is promising. Embedding meaningful symptom monitoring strategies in self-care maintenance interventions requires further investigation.
Spacelike and timelike response of confined relativistic particles

Basic theoretical issues relating to the response of confined relativistic particles are considered including the scaling of the response in spacelike and timelike regions of momentum transfer and the role of final-state interactions. A simple single-particle potential model incorporating relativity and linear confinement is solved exactly and its response is calculated. The response is studied in common approximation schemes and it is found that final-state interactions effects persist in the limit that the three-momentum transferred to the target is large. The fact that the particles are bound leads to a nonzero response in the timelike region of four-momentum transfer equal to about 10% of the total strength. The strength in the timelike region must be taken into account to fulfill the particle number sum rule.