nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Sorting and Transforming Program Repair Ingredients via Deep Learning Code Similarities

In the field of automated program repair, the redundancy assumption claims large programs contain the seeds of their own repair. However, most redundancy-based program repair techniques do not reason about the repair ingredients– the code that is reused to craft a patch. We aim to reason about the repair ingredients by using code similarities to prioritize and transform statements in a codebase for patch generation. Our approach, DeepRepair, relies on deep learning to reason about code similarities. Code fragments at well-defined levels of granularity in a codebase can be sorted according to their similarity to suspicious elements (i.e., code elements that contain suspicious statements) and statements can be transformed by mapping out-of-scope identifiers to similar identifiers in scope. We examined these new search strategies for patch generation with respect to effectiveness from the viewpoint of a software maintainer. Our comparative experiments were executed on six open-source Java projects including 374 buggy program revisions and consisted of 19,949 trials spanning 2,616 days of computation time. Deep-Repair’s search strategy using code similarities generally found compilable ingredients faster than the baseline, jGenProg, but this improvement neither yielded test-adequate patches in fewer attempts (on average) nor found significantly more patches (on average) than the baseline. Although the patch counts were not statistically different, there were notable differences between the nature of DeepRepair patches and jGenProg patches. The results show that our learning-based approach finds patches that cannot be found by existing redundancy-based repair techniques.
Ontology-Based Model Transformation

Today, model-driven development is getting more sophisticated and is used for modeling enterprises and developing application systems. To develop more and more complex systems efficiently, the trend is to intelligent infrastructure services. Since current interoperability solutions operate essentially at a syntactical level, technologies have to be developed enabling interoperability based on middleware, and development platforms have to be enriched with machine-understandable semantics. Our approach of ‘Ontology-based Model Transformation' will contribute to these challenges by lifting syntactical metamodel description into ontologies.
Characteristics of heavy minerals from Upper Devonian Donghe sandstone and Silurian sandstone in western Tazhong area,Tarim Basin,and their geological implications

The distribution of heavy minerals in sediments is affected by such factors as provenance, uplift and erosion, paleo-topographic features, palaeo-climate and palaeo-environment. The analysis of heavy minerals can be applied to the explanation of the sedimentary response to tectonic cycles based on the provenance and sedimentary environment. The heavy minerals of Upper Devonian Donghe sandstones and sandstone of Lower Silurian Kepingtage Formation from six wells in western Tazhong area were studied in this paper. The results show that heavy minerals from Donghe sandstone were mainly derived from the re-sedimentation of basement rocks and granite, and then underwent alteration or mixing of basic volcanic and magmatic-hydrothermal activities, while those from Lower Silurian sandstone were mostly transported from the sediments of underlying carbonate rocks, granite and re-sedimentary rocks, indicating the stability of the sedimentary and tectonic movement characterized by multi-source sediments, with the transportation direction of sediments probably from southeast to northwest.
Spin-wave excitation and Mössbauer spectrometry of amorphous interface in Tb/Fe multilayer

Magnetic properties of Tb(48 A)/Fe(26 A) multilayer were studied with Mossbauer spectrometry at different temperatures before and after isothermal annealing at 673 K. For this last case, a significant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is induced. This phenomenon is related to the existence of an amorphous and homogenous Tb–Fe alloy, located at the interfaces, which is produced by interdiffusion during the heat processing. The thermal evolution of hyperfine field deduced for interfacial Tb–Fe alloy is found to obey the Bloch law. The spin-wave stiffness constant, the distance between nearest magnetic atoms and the exchange parameter A were calculated from the experimental results.
From Restitutive Law to Repressive Law Durkheim's The Division of Labor in Society re-visited

When Durkheim's The Division of Labor in Society first appeared in English translation in 1933, it was greeted by a terse and scathing critique by Ellsworth Faris, who suggested that there was no empirical foundation to Durkheim's thesis, and that subsequent anthropological research—in the forty years since the publication of the book in French—had rendered the work redundant. In particular, Faris called attention to the fact that in primitive societies—in stark contradistinction to Durkheim's basic theme—there was much division of labor and very little repressive law.
After Postmodernism - Back to Sociological Theory?

I outline and examine the reassertion by Nicos Mouzelis of some `traditionalist' elements in the idea of sociological theory, following what he sees as an excess of philosophising in the discipline. I argue that Mouzelis's recent work constitutes a weighty response to the prevailing climate of ambivalence about the purpose and type of social theory that is required today, and in so doing it also interestingly reflects a loose but noticeable neo-traditionalist revival, `after postmodernism'. At the same time, there are some conservative elements in the `back to sociological theory' movement which are decidedly questionable, and in any case Mouzelis's conceptual apparatus is more entangled in contemporary dilemmas and complexities than his more headline statements about the nature of sociology indicate.
Ownership structure and risk in publicly held and privately owned Banks

Using detailed ownership data for a sample of European commercial banks, we analyze the link between ownership structure and risk in both privately owned and publicly held banks. We consider five categories of shareholders that are specific to our dataset. We find that ownership structure is significant in explaining risk differences but mainly for privately owned banks. A higher equity stake of either individuals/families or banking institutions is associated with a decrease in asset risk and default risk. In addition, institutional investors and non-financial companies impose the riskiest strategies when they hold higher stakes. For publicly held banks, changes in ownership structure do not affect risk taking. Market forces seem to align the risk-taking behavior of publicly held banks, such that ownership structure is no longer a determinant in explaining risk differences. However, higher stakes of banking institutions in publicly held banks are associated with lower credit and default risk.
Integrative Biology of Rattlesnakes Contributions to biology and evolution

M any advances in biology have been due to work on living systems commonly described as model organisms. The phrase "model organism" evokes thoughts of the contributions of research on diverse organisms, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, Aplysia spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Xenopus laevis, and Mus musculus, to equally diverse fields, such as biochemistry, development, physiology, neurobiology, genetics, and evolutionary biology. Despite these clear successes, it is evident that no single organism can answer all questions of interest in biology. Even if a single species were appropriate for the study of all aspects of biology, an obsessive focus on any one model organism to the exclusion of others would surely result in a biased or erroneous perception of the relative importance of various mechanisms that operate in the natural world. Indeed, all organisms may have utility for answering some subset of interesting questions.
עיון פילוסופי במשפט ועל אודותיו (Philosophical Discussion of and in the Law)

תקציר בעברית: זוהי סקירה של הדברים בהן פילוסופים/ות חוקרים/ות את המשפט: מעיון פילוסופי על טבעו של המשפט ועל נושאים מושגיים קשורים; דרך סוגיות נורמטיביות על אודות הסדרים משפטיים רצויים, ועד דיונים פילוסופיים ספציפיים לענפי משפט ולדוקטרינות משפטיות.English AbstractThis paper is a survey of the ways in which the study of the law is conducted by legal philosophers: From philosophical reflections about the nature of law and related conceptual issues, to normative issues about desirable legal arrangements, to specific philosophical discussions of specific legal doctrines and sub-fields.
After the bombing: public scenarios and the construction of meaning.

In both our folk psychology and mental health practice, we adhere to the modernist view that a crisis is something that an individual has. A crisis is either something that happens to people or which people bring on themselves because of character pathology. On the other hand, postmodern theorists now draw our attention to how processes of interaction provide opportunities for certain characterizations to emerge and disipate. Both the conceptualization of an event as a crisis and the scenarios of how it is best understood arise within a community and emerge out of the communal construction of meaning. In this process in Oklahoma City, bystanders, politicians, pilgrims and news media played a role of great significance. Whether local or from afar, they became a community of observers who interacted with one another and looked to one another for verification as to what counted as a crisis and what behavior was appropriate. Lindy has observed that traumatized individuals are often surrounded quickly by a small network of trusted people who serve to buffer and protect them and who define what is helpful and what constitutes further trauma. Here, in Oklahoma, however, a wider public defined the event as a crisis, elaborated on it, and have gradually transformed it into almost mythic proportions, a process now exemplified in the construction of the Oklahoma City National Monument. However, they have also endorsed diverse other scenarios, not all of which have facilitated appropriate grieving, repair of life-disruption, or moving on. All, however, seem to have given a sense of meaning to the event. In this rich matrix, some survivors and their families have felt helped. Others have felt exploited. Still others have wanted to forget the whole thing and to avoid anything that reminded them of it. Of the would-be helpers, some felt unjustly rejected and unappreciated. Others felt appreciated, useful, and even enriched. However, a true legacy of the bombing may well be the metalogue it can precipitate and advance about the relationship between individuals and society, and especially the relationship between our individual life-stories and larger public scenarios, and the effects these scenarios have on the questions we can ask, what we can perceive and what solutions we can create.
Addressing the challenges of aerospace and defense initiatives using software analysis tools

Aerospace engineers and operators have to manage tremendously complex geometries that change over time. Not long ago, engineers performed this detailed analysis with pencils, paper, slide rules, and sheer brainpower. The introduction of the calculator accelerated the industry’s growth and, soon after, the evolution and integration of computers dramatically increased efficiency and productivity. Aerospace, defense, and intelligence professionals are now poised to take the community to a whole new level through mission-specific software technology advancements. By leveraging sophisticated analysis tools, which incorporate dynamic twoand three-dimensional visualization to significantly aid in understanding and comprehending the information, users can attain new heights of productivity. Complex problems that once took weeks or months to complete, now take only seconds or minutes when employing software capabilities. In many cases, analyses that were impossible to even contemplate are now quickly and easily completed, and their results have yielded major advancements in the industry and the world. This keynote address will discuss and demonstrate how commercially available software tools are currently used by the aerospace and defense communities to make missions and programs a reality. Six major themes will be discussed with each demonstrating examples of real-world success stories such as those highlighted below: Defense and intelligence programs – Command centers worldwide use the Constant Sentinel software system to depict the location and status of surveillance assets and the targets they generate. All fused into a single coherent display, the situational awareness provided helps commanders allocate resources, spot trends, and make decisions faster than our enemies can react. Anomaly resolution and deorbits – Software technology played an integral role in the explanation and visualization safely deorbiting the Mir space station. In the Moscow mission control center, different software packages were integrated to create three-dimensional animations of the reentry process and confirm astrodynamic calculations. To help the world better understand this historic event, CNN used software to broadcast 3-D animations worldwide to illustrate the entire deorbit sequence, as well as to provide a live simulation of the orientation and location of Mir throughout its final orbits, reentry, and debris break up. Commercial space applications –Space Imaging’s IKONOS 2 operations center employs the power of software within its scheduling processes to determine time periods when the satellite can satisfy requests for highresolution imagery. Various constraints on these times, such as ambient lighting and imaging geometry, are modKEYNOTE ADDRESS
Variability of Antithrombotic Dosing Among Veterans Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Antithrombotic therapy for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients is recommended by clinical practice guidelines. Appropriate dosing of antithrombotic therapy is necessary to ensure effectiveness and safety and is an American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association ST elevated myocardial infarction/non-ST elevated myocardial infarction performance measure. This study describes the variability in dosing of unfractionated heparin (UH) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in an integrated health care system with electronic medical records and computerized physician order entry (CPOE).



This was a mixed-methods study of veterans presenting with ACS at 135 Veterans Health Administration hospitals from 2009 to 2011. Patients hospitalized with ACS and received antithrombotic therapy were included (n=36 682). The cohort was 98% male with an average age of 66 years and median body mass index (BMI) of 28.6. The average percentage of patients by hospital who received an above-recommended dose of either antithrombotic was 7.5% and ranged 0% to 32.0%. By individual therapy, the average percentage of patients by hospital who received an above-recommended dose of UH was 1.2% and LMWH was 12.9%. Risk-adjusted analyses demonstrated that older age and higher BMI were associated with lower risk for receiving a dose above recommended levels. Additionally, there was an association between antithrombotic ordered by a resident and higher risk of the patient receiving an above-recommended dose. Qualitative interviews supported the quantitative findings by highlighting the need to use current patient weight and the need to adequately train providers on the use of CPOE to improve antithrombotic dosing.



This study found wide hospital variability in dosing of antithrombotics above the recommended level for patients treated for ACS.
Fuzzy counter-ant for avoiding the stagnation of multirobot exploration

Since swarm intelligence allows self-organization into an unfamiliar environment and adapting behaviors through simple individuals' interactions, we propose to realize a swarm multirobot organization with a fuzzy control. We introduce in this paper a fuzzy system for avoiding the collaboration stagnation and to improve the counter-ant algorithm (CAA). The robots' collaborative behavior is based on a hybrid approach combining the CAA and a fuzzy system learned by MAGAD-BFS (Multi-agent Genetic Algorithm for the Design of Beta Fuzzy System). A series of simulations enables us to discuss and validate both the effectiveness of the hybrid approach to the problem of environment exploration (i.e., for the purpose of cleaning an area) as well as the usefulness of MAGAD-BFS for learning the fuzzy knowledge base while tuning it and reducing its number of rules.
Imperfect information and the Meltzer-Richard hypothesis

Standard majority-voting models predict that redistribution is positively linked to the mean-to-median income ratio but empirical evidence is mixed. This paper shows that the different empirical reactions to rising mean-to-median income ratios can be rationalized in a simple Romer-Roberts-Meltzer-Richard framework with imperfect information. In such a model, it is important to consider the source of rising mean-to-median ratios. Income growth of the poor can lead to less redistribution as more agents perceive themselves to be rich, which tends to reduce the support for redistribution. An empirical application reveals that the model can explain a substantial part of the first Reagan tax cut.
A Cultural Language for the Folk: The Creation of a "Popular" Kulturshprakh in Yidish far ale, 1938–39

This paper looks at the popular Yiddish language journal Yidish far ale, published by the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, from 1938 to 1939. It treats the journal as part of YIVO’s attempt to combat Polish linguistic acculturation by edifying its audience in a standardized language, while simultaneously drawing linguistic material from readers as holders of the national language. By looking at the relationship between the journal’s editor, Noah Prylucki, and members of YIVO’s philological section, as well as readers of the journal, it argues that the journal was instrumental in defining a standardized form of Yiddish as a national language and reconciling it with the folksshprakh , or language of the people . Yidish far ale represents YIVO’s contradictory mandate as an institution that promoted scholarship in Yiddish and as representative of Polish Jewry, as well as its relationship with other Yiddishist institutions. The contradictory nature of a “popular” kulturshprakh was not lost on Prylucki and other contributors to the journal. Dialectical debates within the journal illuminate the tumultuous relationship between the Yiddishist intelligentsia and the Yiddish-speaking masses, as well as the very nature of a kulturshprakh. Yidish far ale represents an example of cultural continuity under a threat of linguistic acculturation into Polish society.
艾未未 : Ai Weiwei : according to what?

A leading figure among the Chinese artists of his generation, Ai Weiwei creates art that focuses on fundamental questions about the ways in which art and culture interrelate with society or how society interrelates with individual existence. As a result of his internationally acclaimed work and his direct engagement with Chinese policies and politics, Ai Weiwei has been thrust into the global spotlight. Featuring Ai's most significant works since 2000, this catalogue - a revised and updated version of the Japanese publication produced to accompany the Mori Art Museum's 2008 exhibition - offers insight into the artist's use of simple forms and artistic methods reminiscent of conceptual and minimal art, his preoccupation with the traditional design of furniture and other daily objects, and his iconoclastic attitudes towards traditional values and political authority. The title, According to What?, refers to a painting by Jasper Johns, whose work was a catalyst for Ai's entry into the field of contemporary art. Introducing viewers to Ai's enormously diverse oeuvre, this book includes the artist's most significant works in sculpture, photography, video, and site-specific architectural installations, making it an invaluable resource on the artist. The book contains essays by exhibition curator Mami Kataoka, art historian Charles Merewether, and an interview conducted in March 2012 between the Hirshhorn's chief curator Kerry Brougher and the artist.
Microstructure and Electric Properties of (Sr 1− x Ca x ) 3 Sn 2 O 7 Ceramics with Ruddlesden-Popper Structure

(Sr1−xCa x )3Sn2O7 (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid solution method. The microstructure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of (Sr1−xCa x )3Sn2O7 ceramics have been investigated systematically. The XRD results show that (Sr1−xCa x )3Sn2O7 ceramics is orthorhombic structure and the lattice constants decrease as Ca2+ content increases. The grain size of (Sr1−xCa x )3Sn2O7 ceramics decreases with the increasing of Ca2+ content, which results in the decrease of dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The compactness of (Sr1−xCa x )3Sn2O7 ceramics deteriorates as Ca2+ content increases, which causes the increase of leakage current density. Moreover, the introduction of Ca2+ in (Sr1−xCa x )3Sn2O7 ceramics leads to the increase of the remnant polarization. But the remnant polarization changes a little with Ca2+ content when x is above 0.1. The coercive field increases with the increasing of Ca2+ content.
Ptolemy's map of Ireland: a modern decoding

Claudius Ptolemy (roughly AD 90–168) presents us the oldest surviving account of Ireland in the form of a set of coordinates showing different geographical features or a ‘virtual map’. While Ptolemy's map looks roughly like today's Ireland there are a number of discrepancies. Likewise, while some locations are obvious, others are disputed or obscure. After reviewing earlier attempts at reconciling Ptolemy's map with modern ones we adjust Ptolemy's coordinates to modern references with two equations. We find Ptolemy's map is consistent with some intimate Mediterranean knowledge of Ireland, its peoples, coastal features and principal places with their respective locations. We correct some of the modern locations attributed to Ptolemy, offer possible explanations for certain disputed or uncertain locations and offer some external validation to the prehistoric division of Ireland passed down from pre-Patrician sources.
A Novel Mutation-Based Validation Paradigm for High-Level Hardware Descriptions

We present a mutation-based validation paradigm (MVP) technology that can handle complete high-level microprocessor implementations and is based on explicit design error modeling, design error simulation, and model-directed test vector generation. We first present a control-based coverage measure that is aimed at exposing design errors that incorrectly set control signal values. We then describe MVP's high-level concurrent design error simulator that can handle various modeled design errors. We then present fundamental techniques and data structures for analyzing high-level circuit implementations and present various optimizations to speed up the processing of data structures and consequently speed up MVP's overall test generation process. We next introduce a new automatic test vector generation technique for high-level hardware descriptions that generates a test sequence by efficiently solving constraints on multiple finite state machines. To speed up the test generation, MVP is empowered by learning abilities via profiling various aspects of the test generation process. Our experimental results show that MVP's learning abilities and automated test vector generation effectiveness make MVP significantly better than random or pseudorandom validation techniques.