nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Closer Look at Two $AdS_4$ Branes in an $AdS_5$ Bulk

We investigate a scenario with two $AdS_4$ branes in an $AdS_5$ bulk. In this scenario there are two gravitons and we investigate the role played by each of them for different positions of the second brane. We show that both gravitons play a significant role only when the turn-around point in the warp factor is approximately equidistant from both branes. We find that the ultralight mode becomes heavy as the second brane approaches the turn-around point, and the physics begins to resemble that of the RS model. Thus we demonstrate the crucial role played by the turn-around in the warp factor in enabling the presence of both gravitons.
Motivation and Engagement Across the Academic Life Span A Developmental Construct Validity Study of Elementary School, High School, and University/College Students

From a developmental construct validity perspective, this study examines motivation and engagement across elementary school, high school, and university/college, with particular focus on the Motivation and Engagement Scale (comprising adaptive, impeding/maladaptive, and maladaptive factors). Findings demonstrated developmental construct validity across the three distinct educational stages in terms of goodfitting first- and higher order factors, invariance of factor structure across gender and age, and a pattern of correlations with cognate constructs (e.g., homework completion, academic buoyancy, class participation) consistent with predictions. Notwithstanding the predominantly parallel findings, there was also notable distinctiveness, primarily in terms of mean-level effects, such that elementary school students were generally more motivated and engaged than university/college students who in turn were more motivated and engaged than high school students. Implications for motivation and engagement meas...
eCommerce and the Region: Not Necessarily an Unequivocal Good

eCommerce is generally assumed to be an unequivocal benefit for regional areas. Drawing upon the globalisation literature and the experience in Australia as a case study, this paper questions whether eCommerce is an unequivocal benefit and suggests that at least in some cases eCommerce may lead to the increased import of goods and service into non-metropolitan regions and the domination of these regions by large businesses based in urban areas. The impact of eCommerce in non-metropolitan areas needs to be systematically studied and a number of research avenues are suggested.
French Cultural Politics and Music: From the Dreyfus Affair to the First World War

This book argues that French musical meanings and values in the years from 1898 to 1914 are best explained not in terms of contemporary artistic movements, but rather in terms of the political culture, which was undergoing subtle but profound transformation as nationalist leagues enlarged the arena of political action. Applying recent insights from French history, sociology, political anthropology, and literary theory, the book reveals how nationalists used critics, educational institutions, concert series and lectures to disseminate their values through a discourse on French music; and it demonstrates how the Republic and Left responded to this challenge through their own discourses on French musical values. Against this background Fulcher traces the impact of this politicized musical culture on composers such as d'Indy, Charpentier, Magnard, Debussy, and Satie.
Choosing and Assessing Exchange Rate Regimes: a Survey of the Literature

This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive overview on the theoretical and empirical analysis of the selection and assessment of exchange rate regimes. The literature can be divided into two main groups: classical and modern. The first group refers to earlier studies examining the differences between floating and fixed exchange rate regimes. The second group is focused on the trade-off between credibility and flexibility, the economic performance and currency crisis, among others. In addition, this paper reviews why many countries follow de facto regimes different from their de jure regimes.
Adversarial frontier stitching for remote neural network watermarking

The state-of-the-art performance of deep learning models comes at a high cost for companies and institutions, due to the tedious data collection and the heavy processing requirements. Recently, Nagai et al. ( 2018), Uchida et al. (Embedding watermarks into deep neural networks, ICMR, 2017) proposed to watermark convolutional neural networks for image classification, by embedding information into their weights. While this is a clear progress toward model protection, this technique solely allows for extracting the watermark from a network that one accesses locally and entirely. Instead, we aim at allowing the extraction of the watermark from a neural network (or any other machine learning model) that is operated remotely, and available through a service API. To this end, we propose to mark the model’s action itself, tweaking slightly its decision frontiers so that a set of specific queries convey the desired information. In the present paper, we formally introduce the problem and propose a novel zero-bit watermarking algorithm that makes use of adversarial model examples. While limiting the loss of performance of the protected model, this algorithm allows subsequent extraction of the watermark using only few queries. We experimented the approach on three neural networks designed for image classification, in the context of MNIST digit recognition task.
The Historical Geography Imperative

The fortieth anniversary of Ralph Brown's Historical Geography of the United States provides an appropriate occasion to review some of the accomplishments and status of North American historical geography. This small but expanding field has produced a very substantial literature, including several new landmark publications during the past year. Historical geographers have earned high respect in the large world of historical scholarship and are participating in the general reassessment of national histories. They have also been successfully reaching out to a broader public. However, despite such accomplishments and recognition outside geography, historical geography is seriously underrepresented in academic departments. Overcoming that incongruity is one of the obvious and essential ways of strengthening the dangerously weak field of American geography in general.
THE QUALITY OF WORK: THE LABOUR PROCESS AND SOCIOTECHNICAL APPROACHES

This article reports on a survey which was carried out on all work or labour related papers that were presented at the XII. World Congress of Sociology in Madrid (July 1990). Its aim was to investigate whether the Dutch labour process debate was reflected elsewhere. The analysis shows that the Netherlands are in a special position in this respect and that modern sociotechnical theory does not enjoy comparable popularity in other countries. The article ends with an interpretation of this finding and an attempt to explain the absence of this debate as well as the lack of an engineering approach in other West European countries.
Regulatory Framework about Climate Change Due to Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Mexican Cities: Urban-Architectural Approach

The present paper is a review article for the regulatory framework about climate change focus on reduce the gas emissions on the greenhouse effect of the Mexican cities under an urban-architectural perspective, and from this revision the authors propose a guide (ten points) that can be helpful to take in consideration for planning and pre-designing of cities and components, such as urban infrastructure and equipment. Mainly this is a revision of the documents of the different general law of ecological balance and protection of the environment in its section of the environmental impact as well as the revision of the national agreement of climate change based on the same law about the climate change in Mexico; Also the models and methodologies about sustainable of buildings and built actives, would be revised all together with their laws and regulations. It is concluded that in Mexico it is of the utmost importance to reduce environmental impacts caused by building and planning cities from an urban and architectural approach, and what better than from the planning and design phases of urban infrastructure.
Experimental study of fractal clusters formation from nanoparticles synthesized by atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

This paper presents the experimental results from the fractal structures formation from nanoparticles of silicone dioxide deposited on the silicon substrate surface. Nanoparticles are synthesized by atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with the use of capacitively coupled radio frequency (13.56 MHz) discharge sustained in helium atmosphere. Tetraethoxysilane is chosen as the test precursor. Correlation between the morphology of obtained deposits and the process parameters is found. The capability of nanoparticles movement along the deposit surface in local near-surface electric field is demonstrated. The empirical model that satisfactorily explained the mechanism of fractal clusters formation from nanoparticles on the substrate surface is developed. The model indicates that the dynamics of deposit morphology variations is determined by two competing processes: electrical charge transfer by nanoparticles to the deposit surface and electrical charge running off over the surface under conditions of changeable conductivity of the deposit surface.
Patent Trolls and Technology Diffusion

Patent assertion entities, sometimes known as 'patent trolls,' do not manufacture goods themselves but profit from licensing agreements that they often enforce via the threat of litigation. This paper explores empirically how litigation by one such patent troll affected the sales of medical imaging technology. It finds evidence that relative to similar products, made by the same firm, but not covered by the patent, imaging software sales declined by one-third. This was not due to a suppression in demand by hospitals but instead is linked to a lack of incremental product innovation during the period of litigation.
Encyclopedia of aesthetics

This reference surveys the breadth of critical thought on art, culture, and society - from classical philosophy to contemporary critical theory. Featuring 600 original articles by distinguished scholars from many fields and countries, it is a comprehensive survey of major concepts, thinkers, and debates about the meaning, uses, and value of all the arts - from painting and sculpture to literature, music, theatre, dance, television, film, and popular culture. Of special interest are in-depth surveys of Western aesthetics and broad coverage of non-Western traditions and theories of art.
Visions of Ryukyu: Identity and Ideology in Early-Modern Thought and Politics

Between 1609 and 1879, the geographical, political, and ideological status of the Kingdom of Ryukyu (modern Okinawa) was characterized by its ambiguity. It was subordinate to its larger neighbors, China and Japan, yet an integral part of neither. In this innovative and provocative study, Gregory Smits explores early-modern perceptions of Ryukyu and their effect on its political culture and institutions. He describes the major historical circumstances that informed early-modern discourses of Ryukyuan identity and examines the strategies used by leading intellectual and political figures to fashion, promote, and implement their visions of Ryukyu. Visions of Ryukyu advances a new interpretation of Ryukyuan history. Rather than regarding early-modern Ryukyu as an appendage of China or Japan, it places the kingdom at the center, highlighting Ryukyuan subjectivity and agency and giving historical depth to modern and contemporary debates on Okinawan identity.
Phylogeny and evolution of Cervidae based on complete mitochondrial genomes.

Mitochondrial DNA sequences can be used to estimate phylogenetic relationships among animal taxa and for molecular phylogenetic evolution analysis. With the development of sequencing technology, more and more mitochondrial sequences have been made available in public databases, including whole mitochondrial DNA sequences. These data have been used for phylogenetic analysis of animal species, and for studies of evolutionary processes. We made phylogenetic analyses of 19 species of Cervidae, with Bos taurus as the outgroup. We used neighbor joining, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods on whole mitochondrial genome sequences. The consensus phylogenetic trees supported monophyly of the family Cervidae; it was divided into two subfamilies, Plesiometacarpalia and Telemetacarpalia, and four tribes, Cervinae, Muntiacinae, Hydropotinae, and Odocoileinae. The divergence times in these families were estimated by phylogenetic analysis using the Bayesian method with a relaxed molecular clock method; the results were consistent with those of previous studies. We concluded that the evolutionary structure of the family Cervidae can be reconstructed by phylogenetic analysis based on whole mitochondrial genomes; this method could be used broadly in phylogenetic evolutionary analysis of animal taxa.
An Attempt in Modeling the Labor Supply Process of Married Women in Tunisia

ABSTRACTThis article is aimed at determining the appropriate model for a married woman’s labor supply process in the presence of strategic interaction. We here compare two approaches: a traditional model and a strategic model. We try to estimate the process using Probit and Strategic models and specify, via structural equations, the advantage of the strategic model in the study of strategic data. Using the two models on individual Tunisian data enables us to note that as contrary to the woman expectations in a Probit model, the financial side is not a determining factor in the husband’s reaction once his wife gave up her work. This result has been observed only via the strategic model because it takes into account the presence of effect of strategic interaction between a woman’s decision and her husband’s reaction.
Performance-based Fire Engineering Design And Its Application In Australia

In the international context there have been considerable advances recently towards the development of a performance-based approach for fire safety design. For the consideration of others involved in planning or implementing a performance-based approach, an examination is given of the experiences gained in Australia. This paper outlines those developments that have led to the implementation of a performance-based approach to fire safety design in Australia. It is noted that several factors must be in existence for there to be a successful implementation of a performance-based approach. Some important issues that need to be resolved are noted also. A brief description is given of some research which is currently in progress to hrther develop a risk-assessment model. Finally, some challenges and issues surrounding the future international application of a performancebased approach to fire safety design are presented.
How to create a recovery through ‘Quantitative Monetary Easing’

This article explains the causes of banking crises and proposes suitable policies to resolve them and stimulate a swift recovery. It is applied to the Japanese situation and was published in 1995, presenting a new concept of monetary policy, dubbed by the author 'quantitative monetary easing', or short, as also mentioned in the text, 'quantitative easing'. The definition of this concept is to expand the quantity of total credit creation, especially used for GDP transactions. Unsustainable asset bubbles are seen as being caused by substantial credit creation in excess of nominal GDP growth. Central banks can intervene and by adopting quantitative easing end the banking crisis and stimulate a swift recovery.
«Аксьон франсэз» как идейная предшественница европейского фашизма

The paper considers the spiritual roots of European fascism. The author substantiates the idea that the primary source of Nazi practices, technologies and beliefs was French political organization Action Francaise founded and led by monarchical nationalism’s ideologue Charles Maurras, and analyzes his views on war, revolution, social order, and religion. After mentioning and describing the Nazi organizations’ characteristics, the author traces the continuity of the French organization and its followers in Italy, Germany and other countries.
Practical Teaching Model for Training of Outstanding Engineers

Practical teaching is an important part of training of application-oriented personnel, and in particular the key to cultivating “outstanding engineers”. This paper provides an analysis of problems with practical teaching at an application-oriented university in China. Then it describes the new practical teaching system and school-enterprise cooperation platform established by our university during implementation of the “Outstanding Engineers Education and Training Program”. This practical teaching system is relatively well-developed and characterized by a “four-step spiral model” that comprises curriculum experiment, course exercise, comprehensive practical training, and graduation project. The cooperation platform was designed to facilitate cooperation between the university and enterprises at multiple levels and it offers both virtual and concrete means of practical training and. This reform has proven to be effective in enhancing all-round practical abilities of the students.
The riddle of the tors at Lauhavuori, western Finland

The tor landscape surrounding the Lauhavuori Cambrian sandstone hill in southern Ostrobothnia was studied from morphological, sedimentological and geological points of view. Seismic and drill‑core surveys showed that the quartz sandstone superposes an unconsolidated, mechanically produced Upper Proterozoic weathering crust. Excavations and sedimentological analyses revealed that the local tors developed in coarse, porphyritic micro­cline granite as a result of cryptogenous chemical weathering of two‑fold nature, in Cretaceous‑Paleogene, and in Pliocene. The tors were exhumed in preglacial times, when modified by subaerial processes. Quaternary glacial erosion has been weak in the area, which has promoted the pre­servance of the sandstone, the tors, preglacial weathering crusts and para­utochthonous sediments formed out of these. Holocene reworking of former sediments and the weathering crust partly embedded, partly ex­humed the tors from underneath their earlier saprolite cover. Normal 0 21 false false false FI X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ 
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Lophotrochozoan mitochondrial genomes.

Progress in both molecular techniques and phylogenetic methods has challenged many of the interpretations of traditional taxonomy. One example is in the recognition of the animal superphylum Lophotrochozoa (annelids, mollusks, echiurans, platyhelminthes, brachiopods, and other phyla), although the relationships within this group and the inclusion of some phyla remain uncertain. While much of this progress in phylogenetic reconstruction has been based on comparing single gene sequences, there are also higher order features of genomes, such as the relative order of genes, that have contributed, and this seems likely to be even more fruitful in the future. Even though tremendous progress is being made on the sequence determination of whole nuclear genomes, the dataset of choice for genome-level characters for many animals across a broad taxonomic range remains mitochondrial genomes. We review here what is known about mitochondrial genomes of the lophotrochozoans and how comparisons of some of these features may be useful in discerning the phylogeny of this group.
Developing a Compensation Strategy

Excerpt] The management of change remains the challenge of the 1990s. The objectives of this change are to foster better performance, control costs, and enhance flexibility--all necessary to successfully compete in fierce markets. All managers are challenged by the pace and magnitude of this change. Human resource managers are not excepted, being confronted daily with questions about how to manage employees to support changes in technology, changes in organization structures, and changes in business strategy. And employees themselves are changing: in their values and expectations, their demographic diversity, their education, and their willingness to accept change.
Probing the molecular interaction of chymotrypsin with organophosphorus compounds by 31P diffusion NMR in aqueous solutions.

In the present study, we applied for the first time (31)P diffusion NMR to resolve different species obtained by the addition of organophosphorus compounds (OP) such as diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) or 1-pyrenebutyl phosphorodichloridate (PBPDC) to alpha-chymotrypsin (Cht). (31)P diffusion NMR was used since the products of these reactions constitute a mixture of OP-covalent conjugates of the enzyme and OP-containing hydrolysis products that have noninformative (1)H NMR spectra. It was shown that the peak, attributed to the covalent native diisopropylphosphoryl-Cht (DIP-Cht) conjugate by chemical shift considerations, has a greater diffusion coefficient (D = (0.65 +/- 0.01) x 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1)) than expected from its molecular mass (approximately 25 kDa). This peak was therefore suggested to consist of at least two superimposed signals of diisopropyl phosphoryl (DIP) pools of high and low molecular weights that happen to have the same chemical shift. This conclusion was substantiated by the use of DMSO-d(6) that separated the overlapping signals. Diffusion measurements performed on the extensively dialyzed and unfolded DIP-Cht conjugate still resulted in a high diffusion coefficient ((0.30 +/- 0.05) x 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1)) relative to the assumed molecular mass. This observation was attributed to a dynamic dealkylation at the OP moiety (i.e., aging) that occurred during the relatively long diffusion measurements, where DIP-Cht was converted to the corresponding monoisopropyl phosphoryl Cht (MIP-Cht) conjugate. Homogeneous aged forms of OP-Cht were obtained by use of DFP and heat-induced dealkylation of DIP-Cht, and by PBPDC that provided the aged form via the hydrolysis of a P-Cl bond (PBP-Cht). The thermally stable aged conjugates enabled a reliable determination of the diffusion coefficients over several days of data acquisition, and the values found were (0.052 +/- 0.002) x 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1) and (0.054 +/-0.004) x 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1) for the MIP-Cht and the PBP-Cht adducts, respectively, values in the range expected for a species with a molecular weight of 25 kDa. The advantages and limitations of (31)P diffusion NMR in corroborating the type of species that prevail in such systems are briefly discussed.
Spectral and optical limiting properties of ZnS nano- and bulk crystals

Some features of spectral and non-linear optical properties of ZnS quantum dots stabilized by high-molecular polyvinylpyrrolidone have been studied. It is shown that the absorption spectra of ZnS composite materials (sols, coatings) in UV spectral region are determined by quantum confinement effect, exhibiting the dependence of the absorption edge of the size of the ZnS nanocrystals.