nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Contemporary Study of Chinese Politics: An Introduction

The three articles which follow provide a review of the development of the study of domestic Chinese politics over the last decade.' The first, by Elizabeth Perry of the University of California at Berkeley, is on statesociety relations. The second, by Avery Goldstein of the University of Pennsylvania, deals with political elites and institutions. The third, by Peter Moody of the University of Notre Dame, addresses the study of political culture. Although the three essays do not claim to provide an exhaustive survey of the analysis of Chinese politics, they do offer a reasonably comprehensive overview of the field in the early 1990s. The articles' first contribution is to identify the substantive issues that have recently concerned political scientists interested in China. According to Elizabeth Perry, the principal question raised in the study of statesociety relations is whether the post-Mao economic and political reforms are producing a significant change in the relative power of state and society in favour of the latter, and the impact of such a development on the Chinese political process. To Peter Moody, the main issue is the degree to which China's political culture is changing as a result of economic reform, partial liberalization, generational change and greater exposure to the outside world and, if so, in what directions. And Avery Goldstein's essay identifies no fewer than three principal lines of inquiry: the transformation of the characteristics of China's political elite as the result of generational change and deliberate restaffing; the ideas, strategies and political resources of an emerging counter-elite of intellectuals and dissidents both inside and outside China; and the decay of China's political institutions as the consequence of uninstitutionalized succession arrangements, unclear lines of authority, a loss of popular legitimacy and endemic corruption. The essays suggest that there is much more consensus on some of these questions than on others. There is no doubt that the Chinese political elite is becoming better educated, more technically competent and more diverse in background. But there is less certainty as to whether these changes are making policy-making more rational or more responsive to societal pressures. Similarly, there is little disagreement on the proposition that China's political institutions are becoming less coherent, less legitimate and less effective, but no consensus on the extent of political
Test of general relativity: 1995-2002 measurement of frame-dragging

After an introduction on phenomena due to spin and mass-energy currents on clocks and photons, we review the 1995-2001 measurements of the gravitomagnetic field of Earth and Lense-Thirring effect obtained by analyzing the orbits of the two laser-ranged satellites LAGEOS and LAGEOS II; this method has provided a direct measurement of Earth's gravitomagnetism with accuracy of the order of 20 %. A future accurate measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect, at the level of 1 % accuracy, may include the LARES experiment that will also provide other basic tests of general relativity and gravitation. Finally, we report the latest measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect, obtained in 2002 with the LAGEOS satellites over nearly 8 years of data. This 2002 result fully confirms and improves our previous measurements of the Earth frame-dragging: the Lense-Thirring effect exists and its experimental value is within ~ 20 % of what is predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity.
BEYOND BARBOUR OR BACK TO BASICS? THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE‐AND‐RELIGION AND THE QUEST FOR UNITY

Reflecting on the future of the field of science-and-reli- gion, I focus on three aspects. First, I describe the history of the reli- gion-and-science dialogue and argue that the emergence of the field was largely contingent on social-cultural factors in Western theology, especially in the United States. Next, I focus on the enormous influ- ence of science on Western society and on what I call cultural scientism, which influences discussions in science-and-religion, especially how theological notions are taken up. I illustrate by sketching the way divine action has been studied in science-and-religion. The divine- action debates may seem irrelevant to theologians because the way divine action is dealt with in science-and-religion is theologically prob- lematic. Finally, I analyze the quest for integration and unity of sci- ence and religion that underlies much of the contemporary field of science-and-religion and was stimulated particularly by the efforts of Ian Barbour. I argue that his quest echoes the logical positivist vision of unification and has a strong bias toward science as the sole source of rationality, which does not take theology fully seriously.
Secondary prevention programme of ischaemic heart disease in the elderly: A randomised clinical trial.

Elderly patients have been underrepresented in secondary cardiovascular prevention programmes. This study aimed to ascertain the effects of a secondary coronary disease prevention programme in these patients.  Open randomised intervention study with parallel groups.  One hundred and twenty-seven patients aged ≥70 years with a recent acute coronary syndrome were randomised to a protocolised clinical intervention plus usual care (intervention group, n = 64) or to usual care alone (control group, n = 63). Patients were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. The main outcome was the percentage of patients with optimal risk factor control after 12 months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in Mediterranean diet adherence, quality of life and functionality. Mortality was evaluated three years after the end of the intervention.  One hundred and six patients (83.4%) completed 12 months of follow-up (54 in the intervention group and 52 in the control group). At the end of intervention, 34.2% more patients in the intervention group had achieved optimal risk factor control with a number needed to treat of 3 (relative risk 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.36 to 3.50). The intervention group improved adherence to the Mediterranean diet ( p = 0.013) and functionality assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery ( p = 0.047). No differences between groups were found in quality of life (Short-Form 36 Health Survey) or mortality after three years (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 3.45).  A secondary coronary disease prevention programme in elderly patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome improved risk factor control, Mediterranean diet adherence and functionality.
K-meson vector and tensor decay constants and B-parameter from Nf = 2 tmQCD

We present work in progress on the computation of the K-meson vector and tensor decay constants, as well as the B-parameter in Kaon oscillations. Our simulations are performed in a partially quenched setup, with two dynamical (sea) Wilson quark flavours, having a maximally twisted mass term. Valence quarks are either of the standard or the Osterwalder-Seiler maximally twisted variety. These two regularizations can be suitably combined in order to obtain a BK parameter which is both multiplicatively renormalizable and O(a) improved.
ECOLOGICAL TAX REFORM AND EMISSIONS TRADING - CAN THEY WORK TOGETHER?

Overview Industrialised countries are using more natural resources than the earth can provide in the long run. Fossil energies are scarce and limited. At the same time the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, causing climate change, is increasing. A promising way of tackling these global challenges is the implementation of economic instruments that increase the price of conventional energy and give incentives for economising and rationalising the use of energy and switching over to renewable energies. One important economic instrument of such a manner is the German Eco Tax in the context of the Ecological Tax Reform (ETR), introduced in 1999 and further developed until 2003. The ETR increases the taxes on energy and at the same time lowers non-wage labour costs in order to stimulate employment. The European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), started in the beginning of 2005, introduced another important economic instrument to tackle climate change. Energy-intensive industry and utilities have to have allowances for CO2-emissions. For compliance with reduction targets either reducing own emissions or buying allowances on the market is necessary. As both instruments address industry, a discussion emerged on how this ‘double burden’ for industry could be removed. Suggestions ranged from generous exemptions for industry either in the system of the Ecological Tax Reform or the Emissions Trading to a complete disposal of the Eco Tax. This paper will show that the Ecological Tax Reform and the Emissions Trading Scheme are not causing a double burden for industry, that they are complementary instruments and that both can work purposefully side by side.
The heat treatment effect on the structure and mechanical properties of electrodeposited nano grain size Ni–W alloy coatings

The Ni–W alloy coatings with tungsten content from 32.5 to 61.2 wt.% were prepared in this study by electro-deposition. Experimental results show that the grain size of Ni–W coatings evaluated by XRD decreased with increasing tungsten content in coatings, however, the micro-hardness increased with increasing tungsten content. As-deposited Ni–61.2 wt.%W coating has amorphous-like structure and the grain size is around 1.5 nm, after annealing at 500 °C, the hardness of the coating is promoted to 1293 Hv owing to formation of Ni 4 W and NW precipitates. In addition, the heat-treated Ni–W coatings show a better wear resistance than the as-plated Ni–W coatings.
Solid state amorphization of metastable Al0.5TiZrPdCuNi high entropy alloy investigated by high voltage electron microscopy

The phase stability of high entropy alloy (HEA), Al 0.5 TiZrPdCuNi, under fast electron irradiation was studied by in-situ high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM). The initial phase of this alloy quenched from the melt was dependent on cooling rate. At high cooling rates an amorphous phase was obtained, whereas a body-centered cubic ( b.c.c. ) phase were obtained at low cooling rates. By thermal crystallization of the amorphous phase b.c.c. phase nano-crystals were formed. Upon fast electron irradiation solid state amorphization (SSA) was observed in b.c.c. phase regardless of the initial microstructure (i.e., “coarse crystalline structure” or “nano-crystalline structure with grain boundaries as a sink for point defects”). SSA behavior in the Al 0.5 TiZrPdCuNi HEAs was investigated by in-situ transmission electron microscopy observations. Because the amorphization is very rarely achieved in a solid solution phase under fast electron irradiation in common metallic materials, this result suggests that the Al 0.5 TiZrPdCuNi HEA from other common alloys and the other HEAs. The differences in phase stability against the irradiation between the Al 0.5 TiZrPdCuNi HEA and the other HEAs were discussed. This is the first experimental evidence of SSA in HEAs stimulated by fast electron irradiation.
6. The Ordering of Crime in Republican Beijing from the 1910s to the 1930s

The analysis in this chapter reveals that the sweeping changes in the criminal justice system in China during the early twentieth century not only transformed the legal system, but also reconstructed the knowledge systems about crimes and criminals. Local sociologists began to catch up in the 1920s and produced important work in an attempt to develop their own sociological discourse on the problem of crime in China. Lawmaking and enforcement agencies, with their own missions and visions, revisited the legal ordering of crimes at the turn of the twentieth century. The policing agency of Beijing had been responsible for collecting data concerning various aspects of life in the city since the imperial period, with crime data being one of the most widely collected. Such data not only provided useful information about the rise and fall of crime numbers, but also traced the spatial order of crimes over time. Beijing; early twentieth century; legal reordering of crime; sociological order of crime; spatial order of crime
Cosmological Constant, Classical "Vacuum" and Special Relativity (From the Lorentz boost to the Milgrom acceleration)

We show that Cosmological Constant (CC) is not optional in GR (General Relativity) because it is required by SR (Special Relativity). This completely unexpected result is obtained by introducing a minimal acceleration (Milgrom), square root of CC, in Einstein boost with Lorentz Transformation (LT). We prove that hyperbolic rotation (LT) is an hyperbolic motion with a centrifugal acceleration. In SR with CC (CSR or CR), the universe is not only in expansion (with the law of Hubble) but even in accelerated expansion (cosmological parameter is minus one). Given that the structure of space-time in Einstein's GR is determined by the presence of matter and CC is associated to the absence of matter, we associate CC not to "quantum" vacuum but to classical "vacuum" of Minkowski's space-time (with a renormalization of Minkowski's metric). Finally we show that 1917 Einstein's CC corresponds to 1906 Poincare's non-electromagnetic negative pressure.
Real and Imaginary Mass Generation in the Presence of External Fields and Axions

Small fluctuations around a constant electric or constant magnetic field F are analyzed in a theory with pseudo scalar [phi] with a coupling g[phi]F~F. It is found that a magnetic external field leads to mass generation for the small perturbations, while an electric field suffers from a tachyonic mass generation in the case in which the field strength is higher than a critical value (related to the pseudo scalar mass). The vacuum energy can be exactly evaluated and it is found that an imaginary part is present when the external electric field exceeds its critical value.
Nurse and physician perspectives on patients with cancer having online access to their laboratory results.

To compare the perspectives of oncology nurses and physicians regarding online access to laboratory results for patients with cancer pre- and postimplementation, and to evaluate the impact on workload.



Pre- and postimplementation surveys distributed to nurses and physicians. In addition, a nursing workload study was conducted to measure the number of phone calls received from patients regarding laboratory results.



The outpatient department of a comprehensive cancer center in a large, urban setting in the northeastern United States with more than 500,000 patient visits each year.


SAMPLE
460 outpatient nurses and 349 attending physicians were surveyed; 10 of those nurses were invited to participate in the nursing workload study, as well.



A survey was sent to nurses and physicians one month prior to implementation and then repeated six months postimplementation. A nursing workload study was conducted for 16 weeks beginning one month prior to implementation and completed three months postimplementation.



Nurse and physician perspectives; nursing workload.



Nurses demonstrated greater support than physicians with regard to patient access, their level of comfort with the patient access, and patients' ability to interpret results. Statistical significance was identified in all three questions (p<0.05). Perspectives on workload did not differ by role; nurses and physicians anticipated an increase in workload prior to implementation, but reported that workload decreased or stayed the same postimplementation (p<0.005). The nursing workload study supported that finding because no change was observed in the average number of phone calls per day during the implementation period.



Oncology nurses and physicians have different perspectives on providing patients with cancer with online access to laboratory results. Concerns about increasing workload were not substantiated in the current study.



Providing patients with online access to their laboratory results is a growing trend. Understanding the perspectives of oncology nurses can inform future directions for increasing health-record transparency for patients with cancer. Future research may explore the impact on the nurse-patient relationship.
Beyond the paradoxical conception of 'civil society without citizenship'

Liberal and marxist theories of civil society contain a conceptual paradox of `civil society without citizenship'. This article shows how the paradox about civil society comes about through an under-theorization of the multivalent character of citizenship and rights, which in turn reflects a rather impoverished understanding of culture, discourse and symbolization. The discussion starts with two related questions about civil society: (1) where is the locus of citizenship in classical liberal and marxist theories of civil society; and (2) what implication does the conventional state-civil society distinction have for the notion of citizenship as a category of status and agency? It further distinguishes among three different theses of state-civil society relations in the two different theoretical traditions. The article will conclude by outlining an alternative theoretical strategy whereby to go beyond the conceptual impasse and to meet the challenge of globalization.
A Cloud-based Exploration of Open Data: Promoting Transparency and Accountability of the Federal Government of Australia

The Open Data movement has become more popular since governments such as USA, UK, Australia and New Zealand decided to open up much of their public information. Data is open if anyone is free to use, reuse and redistribute it. The main benefits that a government can obtain from Open Data include transparency, participation and collaboration. The aim of this research is to promote transparency and accountability of the Federal Government of Australia by using Cloud-related technologies to transform a set of publicly available data into human-friendly visualizations in order to facilitate its analysis. The datasets include details of politicians, parties, political opinions and government contracts among others. This paper describes the stages involved in transforming an extensive and diverse collection of data to support effective visualization that helps to highlight patterns in the datasets that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to identify.
Political Art of Bob Dylan: Revised and Expanded Second Edition

Bob Dylan is one of the most significant figures in popular culture. In this book, the authors provide a multi-faceted analysis of his political art. They address Dylan’s career as a whole, dealing with such themes as alienation, protest, non-conformity, the American Dream, modernity and postmodernism and pivotal moments of Dylan’s career such as the ‘Judas’ accusation at the 1966 Manchester Free Trade Hall concert and Dylan’s comments on the need to aid American farmers at Live Aid, 1985. Dylan’s songs are analysed for their political meaning and for the songs in contemporary American political and popular culture. As notable specialists in the fields of political theory, literary criticism and popular culture the authors examine Dylan’s work from a variety of perspectives—aesthetic theory, Kant, Adorno, Lyotard, Lorca and Collingwood. Collectively, they question how Dylan’s work relates to the theory and practice of politics. In this second revised and expanded edition, the chapters have been revised and rewritten, with a new introduction exploring the enigma of Bob Dylan throughout the whole of his career and with a completely new Bob Dylan Timeline integrating Dylan’s life, songs and actions into the historical events that shaped his views. Two new chapters have been added, one focusing on the late Dylan, Masked and Anonymous and Love and Theft and another on Dylan at Live Aid and his stance on Farm Aid. This book is a must for anyone seriously interested in the legendary Bob Dylan.
Kinetics of the oxidation of p-aminobenzoic acid catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase compounds I and II.

The kinetics of p-aminobenzoic acid oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase Compounds I and II was investigated intensively as a function of pH at 25 degrees in aqueous solutions of ionic strength 0.11. All of the rate data were collected from single turnover experiments involving reactions of a single enzyme compound. In reactions of both compounds, deviations from first order behavior with respect to the enzyme were observed at high pH values which were explained in terms of a free radical interaction of product with the enzyme. The effect could be eliminated with sufficient excess of substrate. Kinetic behavior which deviated from first order in substrate, observed at low pH, was explained by a mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate complex which reacted with an additional molecule of substrate but at a slower rate. The pH dependence of the second order rate constants for the reaction of p-aminobenzoic acid with free Compounds I and II is similar to results obtained for the comparable reactions of ferrocyanide, suggesting similar proton-transfer mechanisms for both reducing substrates. The reduction of Compound II by p-aminobenzoic acid appeared to be influenced by two ionizable groups on the enzyme which affect the electronic environment of the heme. The lack of influence of substrate ionizable groups on the rate of the Compound II reaction indicated that potential differences in reactivities of NH2C6H4COO- and NH2C6H4COOH were levelled by the diffusion-controlled limit in the acid region of pH. The reduction of Compound I by p-aminobenzoic acid was not diffusion-controlled and the rate-pH profile could be explained in terms of three acid ionizations, two on the substrate and one on Compound I.
A Resumption of Adolescent Development: Discussion of “School Refusal and the Parent-Child Relationship”

This discussion of Christogiorgios and Gianna Kopoulos’ fine case, “School Refusal and the Parent-Child Relationship: A Psychodynamic Perspective,” focuses on the young adolescent’s overall development during his emotional crisis. I pay particular attention to the patient, Peter’s, growth as a young man, his relationship to other males—including his father, and his anxious engagement with his peers. My purpose is to contextualize the clinical work within the larger fabric of Peter’s life.