nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS AÇÕES DE INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA EM EMPRESAS DE ARACAJU/SE IDENTIFICATION OF SHARES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN FIRMS ARACAJU / SE

The relationship between universities and businesses is important in the process of technological innovation and are quite distinct contributions given by universities for this process , permeating their teaching , research, transfer / commercialization of knowledge. Through these changes that has taken place globally today, technological innovation has become a vital requirement for all organizations , whether small , medium or large , as well as belonging to any sector of activity whatsoever. The new model of innovation : Innovation or Open Innovation Open , replaces the isolation of the shares by the sharing of knowledge . A preponderant factor in innovation activities is the intention to innovate and the degree of innovation that sees the company may need to stay competitive in this market segment . Therefore , it becomes essential to consider that according to the posture adopted by the company that have specific interests and possibly different from other companies . The aim of this study is to identify whether there are actions of technological innovation in businesses in the city of Aracaju , capital of Sergipe state , and what potential innovation that will serve to promote the establishment of partnerships in projects of RD&I , as well as generating opportunities business innovation .
Young Kennan's Criticisms and Recommendations

After serving for more than a decade abroad as a US diplomat, George Kennan was recalled home for one year in 1937. During this period he considered ways of dealing with problems then afflicting American society. A short time later he made recommendations on how to improve the Foreign Service. His proposals in both cases were startling and seem to confirm the wisdom of John Quincy Adams: US diplomats should take leave home every few years in order "to be renovated by the wholesome republican atmosphere of their own country."
Inflows of capital to developing countries in the 1990s

Half a decade has passed since the resurgence of international capital flows to many developing countries. The recent surge in capital inflows was initially attributed to domestic developments, such as the sound policies and stronger economic performance of a handful of countries. Eventually, it became clear that the phenomenon was widespread, affecting countries with very diverse characteristics. This pattern suggested that global factors, like cyclical movements in interest rates, were especially important. This paper discusses the principal facts, developments and policies that characterize the current episode of capital inflows to Asia and Latin America.
TWO LEVEL CRETAN MATRICES CONSTRUCTED VIA SINGER DIFFERENCE SETS

N. A. Balonina, Dr. Sc., Tech., Professor, korbendfs@mail.ru Jennifer Seberryb, PhD, Professor of Computer Science, jennifer_seberry@uow.edu.au aSaint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 67, B. Morskaia St., 190000, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation bSchool of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522,
Model-Based Software Engineering and Ada: Synergy for the Development of Safety-Critical Systems

In this paper we outline a software development process for safety-critical systems that aims at combining some of the specific strengths of model-based development with those of programming language based development using safety-critical subsets of Ada. Model-based software development and model-based test case generation techniques are combined with code generation techniques and tools providing a transition from model to code both for a system itself and for its test cases. This allows developers to combine domain-oriented, model-based techniques with source code based validation techniques, as required for conformity with standards for the development of safety-critical software, such as the avionics standard RTCA/DO-178B. We introduce the AutoFocus and Validator modeling and validation toolset and sketch its usage for modeling, test case generation, and code generation in a combined approach, which is further illustrated by a simplified leading edge aerospace model with built-in fault tolerance.
Drug abuse in migraine patients

Records of all patients discharged with a diagnosis of migraine from 2 Danish neurological departments were examined to determine the incidence of drug abuse. These departments had fixed uptake areas with a population of approximately 500,000 during the 5 year study period (1-1-1976--31-12-1980). Patients were selected for detailed analysis if (1) they used morphinomimetic drugs once a month or more, (2) took 7 or more tablets of weak analgesics a day or (3) consumed more than 60 mg ergotamine a month. A total of 92 patients fulfilled these criteria, 27 only because of ergotamine overuse. Injections of morphinomimetic drugs were given once a week or more frequently to 32 patients. These patients also usually had an escalating consumption and were usually regarded as abusers by their doctors. During admission morphinomimetics were discontinued. None deteriorated, 1/3 remained unchanged whereas 2/3 improved. Thus 32 patients can be regarded as abusers of morphinomimetics which represents an annual incidence of 13 per million inhabitants. We caution against the use of morphinomimetics in migraine.
entrepreneurship in UK higher education: The fictive entrepreneur and the fictive student

This article posits the idea of the ‘fictive entrepreneur’ and the ‘fictive student’ to explore how the historical masculinisation of entrepreneurship has informed UK policy and higher education (HE) approaches to entrepreneurship education, and the implications of this for female students. Using a Bourdieuian perspective, discourse analysis is employed to critically analyse policy and research documents and identify entrepreneurship discourses that construct both a ‘fictive entrepreneur’ that students should aspire to become, and a ‘fictive student’ who will benefit from HE entrepreneurship education. It argues that rather than being gender neutral or meritocratic, these discourses of entrepreneurship are saturated with gendered meanings which position HE students and entrepreneurs in potentially damaging ways.
Features of Recent Human Geography Researches Granted by National Natural Science Foundation of China

This paper reviews the recent development of human geography supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. It reveals four main features of the development: (1) domination by economic geography; (2) a rapid development of urban geography; (3) enriched research topics of regional geography; and (4) increasing attention drawn upon other human factors. Besides, more and more research projects borrow technical methods from natural sciences, and make use of spatial analysis tools and modeling techniques. The last decade has witnessed a sustained increase in the number of human geography projects granted in free application. The topics and research issues of these projects have been getting more and more enriched, and have also paid more attention to the hot research issues studied by international peers.
Light front nuclear theory

High energy scattering experiments involving nuclei are typically analyzed in terms of light front variables. The desire to provide realistic,relativistic wave functions expressed in terms of these variables led me to try to use light front dynamics to compute nuclear wave functions. Here calculations of infinite nuclear matter in the mean field approximation and also in a light front version of Bruckner theory which includes NN correlations are reviewed. Applications of these wave functions to nuclear deep inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan processes are discussed. We find that relativistic mean field theory produces no EMC binding effect.
Organic and tight

We define organic sets and organically stationary sequences, which generalize tight sets and tightly stationary sequences respectively. We show that there are stationary many inorganic sets (Theorem 3) and stationary many sets that are organic but not tight (Theorem 4). Working in the Constructible Universe, we give a characterization of organic and tight sets in terms of fine structure (Theorem 7). We answer a related question posed in  about the combinatorial principle Coherent Squares (Corollary 9).
Generalizations and Applications of the Lagrange Implicit Function Theorem

The implicit function theorem due to Lagrange is generalized to enable high order implicit rate calculations of general implicit functions about pre-computed solutions of interest. The sensitivities thus calculated are subsequently used in determining neighboring solutions about an existing root (for algebraic systems) or trajectory (in case of dynamical systems). The generalization to dynamical systems, as a special case, enables the calculation of high order time varying sensitivities of the solutions of boundary value problems with respect to the parameters of the system model and/or functions describing the boundary condition. The generalizations thus realized are applied to various problems arising in trajectory optimization. It was found that useful information relating the neighboring extremal paths can be deduced from these implicit rates characterizing the behavior in the neighborhood of the existing solutions. The accuracy of solutions obtained is subsequently enhanced using an averaging scheme based on the Global Local Orthogonal Polynomial (GLO-MAP) weight functions developed by the first author to blend many local approximations in a continuous fashion. Example problems illustrate the wide applicability of the presented generalizations of Lagrange’s classical results to static and dynamic optimization problems.
Electronic structure of diatomic molecules composed of a first-row transition metal and main-group element (h-f).

Understanding the nature of the transition-metal (TM)-main-group-element bond is important in many areas of science, such as organometallic chemistry,1,2 surface science,3 catalysis,4 high-temperature chemistry,5,6 and astrophysics.7,8 For example, the oxides are of interest to astrophysics as the constituents of cool stars and to surface science as zero-order models for the oxidation of a transition-metal  These systems are electronically complex and very difficult to treat theoretically. Indeed, while the use of quantum chemistry to obtain useful and reliable information about small organic molecules is now routine,11 a very different situation arises in the theoretical description of molecules containing a transition element. This is due to several factors, but the most important is that the extent of electron correlation required for even qualitatively correct results is significantly raised relative to molecules containing only main-group elements. The correlation between the electronic states of a molecule and the states of its constituent atoms has been an important concept in chemistry and physics for many years. For example, we know that if a molecule is composed of atoms that have large energy differences between their various electronic states, the molecule will be characterized by electronic states that are widely spaced, or granular. In the context of the preeminent orbital theory, the Hartree-Fock (HF) theory, this means that the molecular orbitals of molecules formed from these atoms will be widely spaced in energy, and the HF configuration will dominate the wave function around equilibrium. This is, of course, the reason the HF theory has achieved its unique role as both an interpretive and predictive tool in the chemistry of the firstand second-row, main-group elements. While the situation becomes somewhat flawed as one moves away from equilibrium structures, the conceptual simplicity and interpretability of the orbital picture can be preserved by constructing self-consistent wave functions in which the HF configuration is augmented by one or more configurations. This multiconfiguration, self-consistent field (MCSCF) approach is capable, in principle, of providing a uniform description of the evolution 679 Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 679−716
Satisfaction classes in nonstandard models of first-order arithmetic

A satisfaction class is a set of nonstandard sentences respecting Tarski's truth definition. We are mainly interested in full satisfaction classes, i.e., satisfaction classes which decides all nonstandard sentences. Kotlarski, Krajewski and Lachlan proved in 1981 that a countable model of PA admits a satisfaction class if and only if it is recursively saturated. A proof of this fact is presented in detail in such a way that it is adaptable to a language with function symbols. The idea that a satisfaction class can only see finitely deep in a formula is extended to terms. The definition gives rise to new notions of valuations of nonstandard terms; these are investigated. The notion of a free satisfaction class is introduced, it is a satisfaction class free of existential assumptions on nonstandard terms. 
It is well known that pathologies arise in some satisfaction classes. Ideas of how to remove those are presented in the last chapter. This is done mainly by adding inference rules to M-logic. The consistency of many of these extensions is left as an open question.
An integrated chemo-and sequence-stratigraphic framework of the Early Pennsylvanian deepwater outcrops near Kirby, Arkansas, USA, and its implications on remnant basin tectonics

The Jackfork Group in Arkansas, U.S.A. is a major ‘training ground’ for academics, students, and petroleum industry geoscientists interested in deep water exploration and development. Several superb outcrop sections are exposed and over the years numerous papers have been published on these rocks. The Kirby sections in western Arkansas provide a unique opportunity to build a complete and continuous sequence stratigraphic framework for Early Pennsylvanian time in the ancient Ouachita Basin. There are 25 outcrops, including 12 roadcuts on Highway 27, and 13 measured sections in the Baumgartner Quarry. All the measurements and interpretations on the outcrops were integrated with previous work using modern concepts of deepwater turbidite geology, including (1) regional tectonic and sequence stratigraphic framework of the Stanley Group, Jackfork Group, and Johns Valley Shale in the Ouachita Basin, (2) deepwater outcrop characterization and correlation from the DeGray Lake Section, Dierks Section and Big Rock Quarry which are on the trend of the depositional fairway, (3) chemostrata data from key shale layers which are considered as potential correlative condensed sections. Twenty-five key shale samples from Kirby, DeGray and Dierks sections have been tested using Inductively Coupled Plasma and Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) tests. An additional 525 samples were later collected for Handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) tests for both major and trace elements. Results of sequence and chemostrata analysis indicate that the entire Kirby sections consist of at least three 3rd order sequences from the bottom of the Jackfork Group to the middle of the Johns Valley Group, and over ten 4th order sequences caused by a combined effect of tectonic uplift, eustatic sea-level change, mixed sediment provenance and shifting of depositional fairways when the Ouachita Basin was transitioning from a passive margin to a remnant marine basin. Rare Earth and Trace Element results are compared with known tectonic data to further pinpoint the tectonic environment of the Ouachita Basin during early Pennsylvanian time, which is dominantly a continental arc setting.
Development Policies: Sociological Perspectives.

Unlike other social scientists, sociologists have not been closely involved in formulating development policies for the Third World nor in their implementation. This volume challenges such a disengaged stance and demonstrates ways in which a sociological perspective can strengthen policy-making. Apart from raising general issues of principle, the book examines sociological involvement in foreign aid, social research, community participation, women in development and models of agrarian policy-making. The book is intended for use at undergraduate and postgraduate level in the disciplines of sociology and development studies, and aims to create interest among economists, planners and public administrators.
Peculiar Velocities of Nonlinear Structure: Voids in McVittie Spacetime

As a study of peculiar velocities of nonlinear structure, we analyze the model of a relativistic thin-shell void in the expanding universe. First, adopting McVittie (MV) spacetime as a background universe, we investigate the dynamics of an uncompensated void with negative MV mass. Although the motion itself is quite different from that of a compensated void, as shown by Haines & Harris, the present peculiar velocities are not affected by MV mass. Second, we discuss how precisely the formula in the linear perturbation theory applies to nonlinear relativistic voids, using the results of our first investigation as well as previous results for the homogeneous background (Sakai, Maeda, & Sato). Third, we reexamine the effect of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Contrary to the results of Pim & Lake, we find that the effect is negligible. We show that their results are due to inappropriate initial conditions. Our results in the three parts of our study suggest that the formula in the linear perturbation theory is approximately valid even for nonlinear voids.
Communication optimizations for a wireless distributed prognostic framework

Distributed architecture for prognostics is an essential step in prognostic research in order to enable feasible real-time system health management. Communication overhead is an important design problem for such systems. In this paper we focus on communication issues faced in the distributed implementation of an important class of algorithms for prognostics - particle filters. In spite of being computation and memory intensive, particle filters lend well to distributed implementation except for one significant step - resampling. We propose new resampling scheme called parameterized resampling that attempts to reduce communication between collaborating nodes in a distributed wireless sensor network. Analysis and comparison with relevant resampling schemes are also presented. A battery health management system is used as a target application.
The experiences of volunteers with older people: a phenomenological study

The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of volunteers during their work, especially in their approach to older people, by using semi-structured interviews. Five meaning units were identified: volunteering seen as a transforming experience, volunteers’ need to be thanked and acknowledged, the volunteer’s involvement/emotional detachment, communication issues between older people and youth related to the generation gap, strong feelings of empathy towards older people and the perception of loneliness in some older people.
Continuity in sofware systems

Most engineering artifacts behave in a continuous fashion, and this property is generally believed to underlie their dependability. In contrast, software systems do not have continuous behavior, which is taken to be an underlying cause of their undependability. The theory of software reliability has been questioned because technically the sampling on which it is based applies only to continuous functions.This paper examines the role of continuity in engineering, particularly in testing and certifying artifacts, then considers the analogous software situations and the ways in which software is intrinsically unlike other engineered objects. Several definitions of software 'continuity' are proposed and related to ideas in software testing. It is shown how 'continuity' can be established in practice, and the consequences for testing and analysis of knowing that a program is 'continuous.Underlying any use of software 'continuity' is the continuity of its specification in the usual mathematical sense. However, many software applications are intrinsically discontinuous and one reason why software is so valuable is its natural ability to handle these applications, where it makes no sense to seek software 'continuity' or to blame poor dependability on its absence.
Pediatric kidney transplantation: kids are different.

The pediatric kidney transplant recipient differs from the adult recipient in many ways, including immune responsiveness, drug metabolism and clearance, perfusion of transplanted organs, and risk for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. Pediatric patients also have special quality of life issues such as cosmetic side effects of medications, stunted growth and sexual maturation, and separation from their peers. Congenital urological anomalies and glomerulosclerosis are the most common causes of pediatric end-stage renal disease. In the pediatric patients, consideration for preemptive transplantation should be first and arteriovenous fistula placement second. Pediatric patients should receive priority for kidneys from deceased donors to shorten the wait time for transplant. Fevers or changes in blood pressure may identify allograft dysfunction weeks before changes in creatinine occur. Thus, monitoring serum creatinine level is a poor indicator of allograft dysfunction in this setting. There is great concern about nonadherence to immunosuppressive therapy as children reach the stage of adolescence. This report highlights these and other important differences in the evaluation and management of the pediatric kidney transplant recipients compared with the adult and provides practical guidance to the practitioners involved in caring for such patients.
A potpourri on conversation: the patient and the physician.

Milt joined our editorial board in 1986 and has been a workhorse for us ever since. This is not surprising to those who know Milt, as his work ethic is well known and respected in American pediatrics. He attended Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pa, and received his MD degree from the Chicago Medical School in 1952. He interned and completed his pediatric residency at UCLA-Harbor General Hospital, Torrance, Calif. Afterward, he entered private practice and for the next 30 years remained an active practitioner and a participant in multiple activities in pediatrics in California and the nation. He became a clinical professor of pediatrics at UCLA and was clinical cochairman of the Department of Pediatrics at Harbor Hospital. Milt's credits are lengthy. He has been medical director of Project Head Start in Los Angeles County. He has been a member of many committees, including the Committee on Drug Abuse and the
Public-private partnerships in the Potuguese health sector.

In Portugal, the PPP in the healthcare sector appeared only at the dawn of the new century, with the central feature of including clinical activities within its scope. Currently--except for one hospital--the Portuguese PPP experience can only be assessed in terms of conceptual model and tender processes. The analysis showed that, based on arguments associated with non-contractible investment and ex-post renegotiation opportunities, hospitals with higher technological complexity should exclude clinical activities from the PPP contract, and also that, despite the time-consuming process, the PPP can be considered a success in price competition dimension. The analysis also showed that, assessing the performance of the single PPP hospital in Portugal with two comparable units, there is no evidence that the best or worst results are correlated with the legal status and with the established management model.