nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Practitioner Buy-in and Resistance to E-Enabled Information Sharing Across Agencies

FrAmework for Multi-agency Environments (FAME) is one of 23 national projects within the e-government strategy to reform and modernize local services in England. Six local projects each worked with an IT supplier (known as a technology partner) to produce a technical system for the exchange and management of client / patient information across agency and professional boundaries. All participants, including the technology partners, insisted that FAME was about people, organizations and change more that it was about technology. This paper draws upon the successes and setbacks of these local projects in order to report some urgent lessons for the implementation of e-government initiatives that involve new working practices for front-line practitioners.
Quantum Mechanics in Quantum Computing

Mathew Johnson is a Ball State junior majoring in Mathematics (Option 1) with a minor in Physics. In his sophomore year, he participated in the student- faculty colloquium, where he explored quantum com- puting with several other students and faculty. Quantum mechanics is a scientific theory that seeks to describe atomic and subatomic particles (or quantum particles) as well as the interaction among them. Such particles include electrons, protons, neutrons, and photons. In classical mechanics, a particle's future state is described with certainty once its present state is known. At any given moment, its momentum and posi- tion are determined with certainty. In quantum mechanics, its future state is described probabilistically. Instead of a single momentum, a particle can assume a simultaneous range of momenta, and instead of a single position, it can take a simultaneous range of positions. Since the product of these ranges is no less than a specific positive universal constant, a decrease in the range of its position forces an increase in the range of momentum and vice versa. It is precisely this eect of quantum particles that quantum computing seeks to exploit in order to manipulate a huge amount of information simultaneously. Quantum computing is a mathematical theory currently being developed to give a theoretical basis for building a "quantum computer," which is envi- sioned to be faster than any classical computer to date. Quantum computing is based on the principles of quantum mechanics. In this article we will look at the postulates of quantum mechanics upon which quantum computing is based. A physical system consisting of one or more quantum particles will be called a quantum system. A quantum system will be called isolated if it does not interact with other quantum systems. At any given instant, a quantum system will be in a certain "state." The first postulate deals with a way of representing states of a quantum system: Postulate 1. Associated with any isolated quantum system is a complex Hilbert space. A "state" in the system is represented by a unit vector in this vector space.
CGRAPHIC: Educational software for learning the foundations of programming

We present CGRAPHIC, an original software for learning the basic concepts of implementing (possibly educational) software. CGRAPHIC is being used in first-year university courses in engineering studies, and its main aim is to complement the role of the teacher and improve the quality of teaching foundations of programming. CGRAPHIC is a virtual tutor, a programming textbook (online), and an interpreter as well as a debugger of the programming language C, and can be executed on any navigator program in Internet or locally. This software enables different levels of learning (theoretical and practical) and allows the student to study—intuitively, graphically, and gradually—the principles of programming that are crucial to developing new software.
Fighting Battles with History: The Novelist Louis Golding and the Story of the ‘Doomington Wanderer’

This article explores the writing of Louis Golding in the context of existing scholarship on the Anglo-Jewish novel. It assesses the importance of Golding's background and beliefs in shaping his fiction. Golding's views bridge the cultural gap between eastern European Jewish schtetl life and interwar British society. On one hand, he was a militant supporter of Jewish/non-Jewish intermarriage, of secular Judaism and religious freedom. At the same time his writing reveals a sustained belief in Jewish ‘race’ and Jewish spirituality. Golding's writing on ‘race’ will receive particular attention. Like so many other British Jews in the period, the author seems to have been caught between his desire to fight the racism of the Third Reich and his own confused ‘racial’ attitudes.
The Multilevel Conception of Intentionality: Implications for counselor training

Counseling training programs have failed to differentiate between and among behavioral, cognitive, and unconsciousness dimesnsions. This omission has resulted in confusion and competition in many counseling curricula in that valuable programs are competing for space rather than being integrated systematically. This article proposes a multilevel model of intentionality which integrates the several aspects of the counselor-client relationship. In turn, this integration of behavioral, cognitive, and unconscious dimensions will have important applications in counselor daily practice.
Entrevista a Manuel de Puelles Benítez

Interview with Manuel de Puelles Benitez, Professor of Educational Policy at the Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED) in Madrid since 1986. The interview addresses especially his academic activity in relation to the political history of education in Spain, but also his work in the Ministry of Education during the last years of the Franco dictatorship and the transition to democracy is discussed. Among other topics, Puelles has studied the birth of the Spanish education system in relation to the formation and consolidation of the modern nation-state, also debating political modernity and education throughout the twentieth century
The Ties that Bind Hans Bellmer's Tenir au Frais to Heinrich Von Kleist

This article examines Hans Bellmer's photographic collage of 1958 Tenir au frais (Keep Cool), a work produced as part of his exploration of the theme of the female body bound with string. The paper argues that an interpretation of this image in the context of French Surrealism must take into account the fact that it appeared on the cover of le surrealisme, meme, a journal that was filled with praise for the German Romantic writer Heinrich von Kleist. Tenir au frais has been interpreted variously, but little attention has been paid to its material context as the cover of the Surrealist journal. The Surrealists were political and cultural radicals, and their aim was a profound transformation of the world, a world that had generated atrocities beyond imagination in two World Wars. Shock was an important element in the work of the Surrealists, who often used images of sexual violence to challenge the status quo. The roots of this preoccupation lay in the writings of the literary heroes of the movement. This a...
Crystallization kinetics and microstructures of NaF-CaF_2-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 glass-ceramics

The Yb3+-doped transparent oxyfluoride glass in NaF-CaF2-Al2O3-SiO2 system was prepared by conventional melt-quenching method and the transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramics was obtained by optimized heat treating. The influences of introducing alkali metals oxides and alkaline earth oxides on glass-forming ability were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallization mechanism of NaF-CaF2-Al2O3-SiO2 system glass was analyzed by kinetics method, and the influences of heat treating conditions on the crystallization behavior and the microstructures of this system glass-ceramic were studied. The results show that the glass-forming ability is weakened with introducing alkali metals oxides, while the crystallization stability is improved by introducing alkaline earth oxides. In addition, the main crystal phase of the glass-ceramics is CaF2 and its crystallization activation energy is 345.8 kJ/mol. The size of CaF2 grains increases with increasing crystallization temperature and the amount of crystals increases with increasing holding time. A novel transparent Yb3+-doped glass-ceramics is obtained by optimizing heat treating, in which the grain size is less than 50 nm and the crystallization degree is about 30%.
Phanerozoic upper crustal tectono-thermal development of basement rocks from central Madagascar: An integrated fission-track and structural study

An integrated study of fission-track (FT) dating and structural geology revealed a complex tectono-thermal history preserved in basement rocks of central Madagascar since the amalgamation of Gondwana at the end of the Cambrian. A detailed study of five domains argues for several cooling steps with associated brittle deformations during the separation of Madagascar. Titanite and apatite FT ages range between 483 Ma and 266 Ma and between 460 Ma and 79 Ma, respectively. The titanite FT data indicate that the final cooling after the latest metamorphic overprint was terminated at c. 500 Ma (FC1). A 150 Myr phase of minor cooling (SC2), possibly related to a phase of tectonic quiescence and isostatic compensation, followed episode FC1. Between the Carboniferous and Early Jurassic, when an intracontinental rift developed between East Africa and Madagascar, complex brittle deformation effected the western margin of Madagascar and led to differential cooling of small basement blocks (FC3–FC5). During this period, ductile structural trends were reactivated at the western basement margin and in the centre of the island. A Late Cretaceous thermal event (T1) affected apatite FT data of samples from western–central and the eastern margin of Madagascar. These ages are related to the Madagascar–India/Seychelles break-up, whereby the thermal penetration along the eastern coast was restricted to the west by the Angavo shear zone (AGSZ). The Cretaceous evolution of the eastern margin was associated with minor erosion and was triggered by vertical displacements along brittle structures.
A Faulted Peneplane in Fergana: A Review and Discussion

Planed surfaces on areas of folded and faulted Paleozoic limestones constitute an important part of the present topography of the southern edge of the Fergana basin in Russian Turkestan. D. I. Mushketov, on the basis of evidence here reviewed, gives the interpretation that the surfaces are parts of a peneplane which was formed before Upper Cretaceous times and has since been faulted and partially stripped of its covering of later sediments. Observations of other geologists which tend to confirm or reject the conclusions of Mushketov are summarized. A discussion of the agents which produced the peneplane leads to the conclusion that it was formed by normal stream erosion.
Poetics, Ritual and Politics in Two Plays by Ṣalah ‘Abd Al-Ṣabur: Toward an Aesthetics of National Regeneration

In two of his poetic plays, The Princess Waits (1969), written under the ruling of the second president of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser (1956-1970 in office) and After the King is Dead (1973), written after Nasser’s death, Ṣalaḥ ‘al- Ṣabūr presents the character of the Poet – who symbolizes the collective conscience of the nation – as the savior figure. In both plays, after a symbolically ritualistic duel, the Poet manages to kill the oppressor and rescue the heroine (Princess\Queen) who represents the oppressed nation. In After the King is Dead , he offers the Queen a long sought for dream, the "child" that symbolizes the hope for national rebirth. In his multi-layered philosophical, mythical and political strata of themes that combine the paradoxes of life and death, love and treason, fertility and barrenness, resistance and submission, Ṣabūr dramatizes his political reformist visions. Giving the two plays the allegorical framework of a folk tale, and ironically using ritual hymns and dances, the author synthesizes the classical traditional techniques with the modern experimental forms. In two superb theatrical pieces, he managed to produce an artistic carnivalesque show that brings together Greek and Oriental myths, ritual, the masque genre, Aristotle, Pirandello, Brecht, Maeterlinck, and Becket. ‘Abd Al- Ṣabūr’s two plays represent a step on the road for an art that may lead the Arabic nation to a state of regeneration that has been quested and sought for by many. They can be regarded as a tentative aesthetics of the sought for democratic utopia or the so-called "Arab spring" of today.
“We’re Social Justice People:” Asian American Youth Resistance and Negotiation of Race, Citizenship, Gender, and Non-Profit Contradictions

This critical qualitative comparative case study explores narratives of resistance of Asian American youth in a social justice-oriented internship. The study draws on resistance theories and expands on the limited body of work on Asian American youth resistance. Drawing primarily on semi-structured interviews, I provide an in-depth representation of three youth’s resistance and the impact that this has on their engagement with social justice. Findings indicate that youth resistance is complex and dynamic, responding to everyday contexts. As such, I focus on young people’s resistance to family narratives of success and assimilation, silences on gender and sexuality, and contradictions of social justice and the limitations of non-profits. I pay particular attention to the role of social justice spaces and an internship program in fostering youth resistance and engaging youth in social justice work – while youth simultaneously notice contradictions and attempt to hold such spaces accountable.
The Metaphysical Club

A riveting, original book about the creation of the modern American mind. The Metaphysical Club was an informal group that met in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1872, to talk about ideas. Its members included Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., founder of modern jurisprudence; William James, the father of modern American psychology; and Charles Sanders Peirce, logician, scientist, and the founder of semiotics. The Club was probably in existence for about nine months. No records were kept. The one thing we know that came out of it was an idea - an idea about ideas. This book is the story of that idea. Holmes, James, and Peirce all believed that ideas are not things "out there" waiting to be discovered but are tools people invent - like knives and forks and microchips - to make their way in the world. They thought that ideas are produced not by individuals, but by groups of individuals - that ideas are social. They do not develop according to some inner logic of their own but are entirely dependent - like germs - on their human carriers and environment. And they thought that the survival of any idea depends not on its immutability but on its adaptability. 'The Metaphysical Club' is written in the spirit of this idea about ideas. It is not a history of philosophy but an absorbing narrative about personalities and social history, a story about America. It begins with the American Civil War and ends with World War I. This is a book about the evolution of the American mind during the crucial period that formed the world we now inhabit.
The Sub-Continental Mantle and Crust — Evidence from Kimberlite Xenoliths

The examination of kimberlite xenolith populations can provide considerable insight into the nature of the mantle and lower crust beneath the cratons where kimberlites exist; the models proposed below cannot be extrapolated to continental margins or oceanic areas. The upper mantle is here regarded as the zone of the earth between (a) the seismically-determined Mohorovicic discontinuity at approximately 35–40 km beneath the cratons, and (b) the seismically-determined beginning of the transition zone at 300–400 km depth. Petrologically these two boundaries are tentatively interpreted as (a) the break between crustal basic granulites and upper-mantle harzburgite (reviewed by Dawson 1977), and (b) the onset of the inversion of upper-mantle orthorhombic olivine to its denser, cubic polymorphringwoodite. The fact that ringwoodite has not yet been identified in the kimberlites gives a maximum value of 300 km to the depth sampled by kimberlite.
An edge-based segmentation technique for 2D still-image with cellular neural networks

When strong CPU power consumption constraints must be met, and high computation speed is mandatory (real-time processing), it can be preferable to adopt custom hardware for some computationally intensive image processing tasks. An alternative approach to the conventional ones is provided by the cellular neural network (CNN) paradigm. CNNs have been extensively used in image processing applications: in the past, we developed a still image segmentation technique based on an active contour obtained via single-layer CNNs. This technique suffered from sensitivity to noise as most of edge-based methods: noise may create meaningless false edges or determine "edge fragmentation". The aim of this paper is to reformulate the algorithm previously proposed in order to step-over the cited weakness. The new formulation is introduced and motivated and experimental results are presented. Finally, a competition-based approach for a parameterless version of the presented algorithm is proposed and discussed as an ongoing work
Has Philosophy of Religion a Place in the Agenda of Theology

Accepting the invitation to comment on the value of philosophy and the philosophy of religion to theology was, it seems to me now, rather foolhardy. Assurances that a fully developed statement on the issue was not expected made the exercise appear far easier than I found it to be. The simple question presented for comment — Has Philosophy of Religion a Place in the Agenda of Theology? -is not so simple, for even what philosophy, religion and theology are in themselves is not at all clear — all three being hotly contested notions on which agreement is seldom achieved and never widespread. I shall, nevertheless, attempt an answer to the question, despite the difficulties, proceeding on the basis of provisional characterizations of its three central
Recommendations for the prevention of pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism.

Pregnancy is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Although there is a 4-5-fold increased risk compared to that of nonpregnant women of the same age, the absolute risk is low at no more than two episodes of VTE per 1000 pregnancies. There is uncertainty about which women require thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy or postpartum because of a lack of data from appropriate clinical trials. For this reason, recommendations for prophylaxis should be made only after explaining the available evidence to the patient and taking into account her perception of the balance of risk and benefit in thromboprophylaxis. The aim of these recommendations is to provide clinicians with practical advice to assist in decisions regarding thromboprophylaxis in women considered to be at risk of VTE during pregnancy and the postpartum. The authors are clinicians from across New Zealand and Australia representing the fields of haematology, obstetric medicine, anaesthesiology, maternal-fetal medicine and obstetrics. Authors were invited to review the relevant literature and then worked collaboratively to devise recommendations and resolve areas of controversy. The recommendations contained herein were reached by consensus and represent the opinion of the panel. The absence of randomised clinical trials in this area limits the strength of evidence that can be used, and it is acknowledged that they represent level C evidence. The panel advocates for appropriate clinical studies to be carried out in this patient population to address the inadequacy of present evidence.
Notes on the Characteristics of Geography

Modern geography places emphases on the research of processes and evolution and has made a great progress in quantification.But the characteristics or the nature of geography have been ignored especially in China when researchers are establishing different models.It is very important for geographic learning,developing and research to understand the characteristics of geography.Based on studying classic works about geography,this paper summarizes the geography as a science of the planet Earth(mainly focusing on the Earth surface),a science of relationships,a science of locations and a science concerning distributions.These four aspects as a whole compose the characteristics of geography,which makes geography different from other sciences.A lack of any of these four components will results in a misunderstanding of the science of geography itself.
Environment, land use and transportation systems : selected papers

CA P P ELI, IB A R D O , N O ER A (e d te d b y) EN V IR O N M EN T, LA N D U SE A N D TR A N SP O R TA IO N SY STEM S This volume includes a selection of the papers presented during the 2011 Annual Conference of the Italian Society of Transportation Scholars (SIDT). It took place at the IUAV University of Venice, on October 6th and 7th, 2011. The Conference brought together researchers and transportation professionals and discussed the relationships between transportation planning, environment and land use modeling. A pool of acknowledged international experts opened the conference, providing the audience the basic problems, the latest developments and strategies in the matter. The conference has then focused on the contributions of the scientific community, the most relevant of which (22 papers overall) have been included in this volume. This is the third book of SIDT proceedings written in English in order to disseminate SIDT activities to the international community.
A unified terminology for the structure and semantics of CogInfoCom channels

Due to its multidisciplinary origins, the elementary concepts and terminology of Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom) would ideally be derived – among others – from the fields of informatics, infocommunications and cognitive sciences. The terminology used by these fields in relation to CogInfoCom are disparate not only because the same concepts are often referred to using different terms, but also because in many cases the same terms can refer to different concepts. For this reason, we propose a set of concepts to help unify the CogInfoCom-related aspects in these fields, from the unique viewpoint necessary for the human-oriented analysis and synthesis of CogInfoCom channels. Examples are given to illustrate how the terminology presents itself in engineering applications.
Physiology, phylogeny, and LUCA

Genomes record their own history. But if we want to look all the way back to life's beginnings some 4 billion years ago, the record of microbial evolution that is preserved in prokaryotic genomes is not easy to read. Microbiology has a lot in common with geology in that regard. Geologists know that plate tectonics and erosion have erased much of the geological record, with ancient rocks being truly rare. The same is true of microbes. Lateral gene transfer (LGT) and sequence divergence have erased much of the evolutionary record that was once written in genomes, and it is not obvious which genes among sequenced genomes are genuinely ancient. Which genes trace to the last universal ancestor, LUCA? The classical approach has been to look for genes that are universally distributed. Another approach is to make all trees for all genes, and sift out the trees where signals have been overwritten by LGT. What is left ought to be ancient. If we do that, what do we find?