nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Guide for Establishing and Managing a Computer Science Industrial Advisory Board

Skirt segments for a segmental skirt of an air cushion vehicle can be removed and replaced without getting under the vehicle hull, by providing a rod or tube at each top edge of a segment, the inner ends of the rods or tubes being inserted into sockets on the vehicle bottom surface. The outer edge of the skirt segment, and the outer ends of the rods or tubes, are held against the vehicle structure by a clamping member. A tool can be provided which attaches to the outer ends of the rods or tubes to assist in removing or replacing a segment, the tool removed before applying the clamping member.
Income Tax Progressivity and Hidden Savings: The FOC Approach in Two Periods

We provide sucient conditions for the validity of therst-order approach for two period dynamic moral hazard problems, where the agent can save and borrow secretly. We show that in addition to the concavity requirements for the standard moral hazard problem, non-increasing absolute risk aversion (NIARA) utility functions and Frisch elasticity of leisure less than one imply that the agent's problem is jointly concave in eort and asset decisions when facing the optimal contract. We also characterize the optimal contract in detail. One of the key observation is that the possibility of hidden asset accumulation makes the supporting tax-transfer system more regressive (or the compensation scheme more convex) under a general class of preferences (HARA).
Universal space-time coding

A universal framework is developed for constructing full-rate and full-diversity coherent space-time codes for systems with arbitrary numbers of transmit and receive antennas. The proposed framework combines space-time layering concepts with algebraic component codes optimized for single-input-single-output (SISO) channels. Each component code is assigned to a "thread" in the space-time matrix, allowing it thus full access to the channel spatial diversity in the absence of the other threads. Diophantine approximation theory is then used in order to make the different threads "transparent" to each other. Within this framework, a special class of signals which uses algebraic number-theoretic constellations as component codes is thoroughly investigated. The lattice structure of the proposed number-theoretic codes along with their minimal delay allow for polynomial complexity maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding using algorithms from lattice theory. Combining the design framework with the Cayley transform allows to construct full diversity differential and noncoherent space-time codes. The proposed framework subsumes many of the existing codes in the literature, extends naturally to time-selective and frequency-selective channels, and allows for more flexibility in the tradeoff between power efficiency, bandwidth efficiency, and receiver complexity. Simulation results that demonstrate the significant gains offered by the proposed codes are presented in certain representative scenarios.
Submarine Geology of Cortes and Tanner Banks

Cortes and Tanner Banks are 90 nautical miles west of San Diego, California in a marine basin-range province, designated the "Continental Borderland." The two banks and the shah low saddle-like depression which separates them have all area of 230 square miles. Contours drawn at 10 fathom intervals reveal all extensive terrace at a depth of 40 to 60 fathoms on both banks. Sixty-six bottom samples obtained from the region permitted detailed studies of the rock and recent sediments. Only sedimentary and igneous rocks of Miocene age were found. The characteristics of the recent sediments are controlled by topography, current activity, and depth of water. An area of non-deposition or unconformity exists at the top of the banks.
ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL STRUCTURAL MECHANICS UDC: 531:518.12

In this report some new advances in computational structural mechanics presented at the Fourth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology (here CST'98) August 18 to 20 1998 - Edinburgh, Scotland, are described. The conference was organized by Civil-Comp Press from Edinburgh. It convened about 150 selected scientist, researchers and professionals from computational mechanics, computer science and related areas to advance the state of the art in the developing of reliable and efficient computational structures technology procedures. 1. THE SCOPE OF THE CONFERENCE This was a fourth time that the researches from all side of the world congregated to share ideas and solutions applicable to almost any kind of design. The conference was held in the wonderful surroundings of the Scotland's capital city of Edinburgh during the worldwide famous festivals times in August. The aim of the conference was to bring together researches in computational mechanics and software developers in the field of solid mechanics. The main goal of the conference was to present new advances in the reliable numerical simulation of real mechanical systems, with special emphasis on implementation and application. Further, attention was paid to fostering a common understanding of the nowadays needs and demands posed in front of the computational mechanics procedures, techniques and actions. The Conference proceedings are printed in a form of four books with a catalogue records available from the British Library. About 150 speakers and attendees provided a brief overview of recent advances in various topics. These are related to finite element procedures and techniques, civil and structural engineering computing for practice, engineering computational technology and computational structural mechanics. Attendees came (in alphabetical order) from Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Chech Republic, China, Croatia, Egypt,
Drug prescription rates in secondary cardiovascular prevention in old age: Do vulnerability and severity of the history of cardiovascular disease matter?

To assess the influence vulnerability and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD), on prescription rates of secondary cardiovascular preventive drugs in old age.



Population-based observational study within the ISCOPE study.



General practices in the Netherlands.



A total of 1350 patients with a history of CVD (median age 81 years, 50% female).



One-year prescription rates of lipid-lowering drugs and antithrombotics were obtained from the electronic medical records of 46 general practitioners (GPs). Prescription of both drugs for ≥ 270 days per year was considered optimal. GPs made a judgement of vulnerability. Severity of CVD was expressed as major (myocardial infarction, stroke, or arterial surgery) versus minor (angina, transient ischaemic attack, or claudication).



GPs considered 411 (30%) participants to be vulnerable and 619 (55%) participants had major CVD. Optimal treatment was prescribed to 680 (50%) participants, whereas 370 (27%) received an antithrombotic drug only, 53 (4%) a lipid-lowering drug only, and 247 (18%) received neither. Optimal treatment was lower in participants aged ≥ 85 years (OR 0.37 [95% CI 0.29-0.48]), in females (OR 0.63 [0.50-0.78]), in vulnerable persons (OR 0.79 [0.62-0.99]) and in participants with minor CVD (OR 0.65 [0.53-0.81]). Multivariate ORs remained similar whereas vulnerability lost its significance (OR 0.88 [0.69-1.1]).



In old age, GPs' judgement of vulnerability is not independently associated with lower treatment rates of both lipid-lowering drugs and antithrombotics, whereas a history of minor CVD is. Individual proactive re-evaluation of preventive treatment in older (female) patients, especially those with a history of minor CVD, is recommended.  Prescriptions of lipid-lowering drugs and antithrombotics in secondary cardiovascular prevention tend to decline with age. In this study with median age 81 years, 50% of participants received optimal treatment with both lipid-lowering drugs and antithrombotics. GPs' judgement of vulnerability was not independently associated with optimal treatment. A history of less severe cardiovascular disease was independently associated with lower prescription rates of lipid-lowering drugs and antithrombotics. Proactive individual re-evaluation of cardiovascular preventive treatment in older (female) patients, especially patients with less severe cardiovascular disease, is recommended.
Affective US Image Predicts Chinese Citizens’ Attitudes toward United States

There is abundant literature in the United States on the images that the Americans hold of China, particularly regarding how the China image has evolved over time and the possible impacts of the China image on US–China relations. It will be interesting to figure out the other side of the coin, that is, how the Chinese view the United States and whether the US image plays any part in their foreign-policy preferences toward the United States. Research in this direction needs an interdisciplinary exploration into areas of interna
Kinetics of chromium nucleotide isomer interconversion.

The rates of chromium nucleotide isomer interconversion were studied as a function of pH, ionic strength, and temperature. Nucleotide isomers were separated using high voltage electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. The rate of conversion of monodentate adenosine 5'-monophosphate-chromium salt (CrADP) to the bidentate complex increased with increasing pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Optimal stability for CrADP complexes was found to be at pH 3.5 with a temperature of 4 degrees C. It was found that at pH values above 7.0, the chromium complexes rapidly decomposed even at 4 degrees C. It was found that the conversion of monodentate CrADP to binentate CrADP required the removal of one proton by the solvent. The activation energy for the conversion was found to be 7.3 kcal/mol at pH 6.5. The kinetics of the isomer interconversion are described in terms of possible conversion mechanisms.
Contract Farming in China: Perspectives of Smallholders

This paper explores the current status of contract farming in China by examining data from a survey of Chinese householders. The survey indicates that the actual proportion of householders engaged in contract farming is relatively low and significantly less than the proportion of householders willing to produce under contract. The primary reason for householders not participating in contract farming is the absence of opportunities, particularly for small size farms. Householders identify price stability and market access as the key motivations to participate in contract farming. Middleman and agribusiness firms were the most important organizations for householders to contract with.
Aristotelian and Rogerian Rhetoric.

One of our most influential composition texts is Rhetoric: Discovery and Change. In it, Young, Becker, and Pike distinguish between classical and contemporary "domains of rhetoric"; in accordance with this distinction they differentiate Aristotle from Carl Rogers. In her article, "Aristotelian vs. Rogerian Argument: A Reassessment" (CCC, May 1979), Andrea Lunsford disputed the validity of the distinction, virtually "baptizing" Aristotle as a Rogers of his time. However, upon closer examination, Young, Becker, and Pike's perception of differences between Aristotle and Rogers can be confirmed. Furthermore, there is justifiable reason for maintaining Young, Becker, and Pike's distinction as a service to our students who need help in sensing when it is appropriate to confront "opponents" and when it is more advantageous to strive for change through mutual acceptance and understanding by each party of the other's views. The classical tradition in rhetoric, developed by Aristotle and modified by the Roman rhetoricians Cicero and Quintilian, was designed for use chiefly in law courts, political meetings, and religious ceremonies. The underlying principle of Aristotle's Rhetoric is that man is a rational animal, capable of using logical reasoning as the basis for  The strategy Artistotle uses to analyze rhetorical transactions is focussed, therefore, on the processes of logical reasoning-rational men using reasonable means (enthymemes) in exhorting or dissuading (deliberative oratory), in praising or blaming (epideictic oratory), and in accusing or defending (forensic oratory). The Rogerian strategy is based upon a different set of conditions and assumptions. Since Rogers is writing primarily from the context of patientclient therapy, his communication theory is applicable especially to rhetorical transactions outside of the advocacy situation. Young, Becker, and Pike, the principal proponents of a Rogerian-based rhetoric, point out that the Rogerian strategy "rests on the assumption that a man holds to his beliefs about who he is and what the world is like because other beliefs threaten his iden-
A Framework of Machine-to-Machine Authentication in Smart Grid: A Two-Layer Approach

M2M communication is an important part of smart grid communication networks. Improved automation in smart grids results in many heterogeneous applications based on M2M communications. However, the authentication for a large number of M2M nodes in smart grids has become a challenging issue. In this article, we design a lastmile authentication scheme for AMI that utilizes smart meters to enable two-way communications between the meters and the utility. We also present a framework of M2M authentication in smart grids via a two-layer approach, that is, global and local layers. More specifically, smart meters are authenticated globally by PKI, and authenticated locally by channel signatures. The usage patterns of electricity and personal private information are distributed separately in utility and service provider for protecting the privacy of customers. The proposed framework helps to achieve the goals of reliable and secure M2M communications among smart meters.
Investir, une décision disséminée. enquête de terrain sur les dérivés du crédit

A Disseminated Decision. Fieldworked-Based Research on Credit Derivatives The text is based on field-worked research carried out among fund managers investing their clients' money in credit derivatives. The analysis shows that employees present themselves as a source of the decision to invest by applying procedures that imply a multiple and contradictory theoretical figure of an individual investor. Yet, their decision is actually the result of the partly hierarchical interactions within their company and it follows the rules of the network of experts where credit derivatives are produced and exchanged. Thus, the decision does not belong to an individual "investor" but it is disseminated in these social spaces.
Research on Measures on Ecological Environmental Protection in Right Bank Side of Jinshajiang River

The ecological environmental status and development trend of right bank side of Jinshajiang river are analyzed as well as the ecological destruction and environmental impact from natural resource utilization and road construction.The importance of ecological protection on controlling water pollution for the three gorges reservoir area and upper streams of Jinshajiang river is pointed out.How to improve ecological environmental protection and resource development and construction and to conduct efficient protective measure to maintain sustainable development of the area is put forward.
Process Physics: Inertia, Gravity and the Quantum

Process Physics models reality as self-organising relational or semantic information using a self-referentially limited neural network model. This generalises the traditional non-process syntactical modelling of reality by taking account of the limitations and characteristics of self-referential syntactical information systems, discovered by Gödel and Chaitin, and the analogies with the standard quantum formalism and its limitations. In process physics space and quantum physics are emergent and unified, and time is a distinct non-geometric process. Quantum phenomena are caused by fractal topologicaldefects embedded in and forming a growing three-dimensional fractal process-space. Various features of the emergent physics are briefly discussed including:quantum gravity, quantum field theory, limited causality and the Born quantum measurement metarule, inertia, time-dilation effects, gravity and the equivalence principle, a growing universe with a cosmological constant, black holes and event horizons, and the emergence of classicality.
Variation on a 36-Ma-old theme: length, intensity and rhythm of volcanism. A record from the Hocheifel (Germany)

Ar eruption ages of Tertiary alkali-basalt occurrences in the Hocheifel form the basis of a frequency distribution, whose significance and geological meaning are discussed. Volcanic activity in the area occurred between 45 Ma and 24 Ma, reaching a maximum at 36.0 Ma. The curve of volcanic intensity is periodically modulated, with a period of 4.1 ± 0.5 Ma. This rhythm appears simultaneously in all the volcanic rock types, making a correlation between rock chemistry and age impossible. Volcanism is considered to have been stationary throughout the entire eruptive period, as the geographic centres of all eruptive phases coincide.
Nonprofit Influence on Public PolicyExploring Nonprofit Advocacy in Russia

This paper examines the advocacy tactics of Russian nonprofits. While Russian nonprofits and their activities have been widely researched, specific insight into their use of advocacy tactics remains limited. In this paper we address this gap by broadening the understanding of how Russian nonprofits engage in advocacy. To do so we engage both Mosley’s (2012) indirect/insider framework and qualitative data collected from health and education nonprofits (HEnonprofits) in three Russian industrial regions. We demonstrate that Russian HEnonprofits, while having access to various advocacy tactics, fail to employ them effectively. They are instead used for organizational maintenance and case/client advocacy. In conclusion, we discuss a potential typology of advocacy tactics in Russia, the usefulness of Mosley’s framework in this context and the implications of the failure to advocate for democratization within the Russian Federation.
The Anxiety of Pantheism: Hidden Dimensions of Coleridge’s Transcendental Deduction

This chapter examines two particularly vexed and intriguing issues in the analysis of Coleridge’s account of the imagination in Biographia: his strangely anxious and unstable attempt at a transcendental deduction of the imagination, and the theatrical interruption of that attempt caused by the letter from the ‘friend’. Previous accounts have focused almost exclusively on Coleridge’s plagiarisms from Schelling’s System des transscendentalen Idealismus, and have missed the contextual connections that govern Coleridge’s understanding of Schelling. The controversy over these plagiarisms has unbalanced our assessments, focusing excessive attention on the relationship between System des transscendentalen Idealismus and Biographia and effectively blinding us to all other relationships. The following account uncovers a wealth of connections between Coleridge’s text and the key texts of the pantheism controversy, especially Jacobi’s Uber die Lehre des Spinoza and Schelling’s Uber das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit.
The many aspects of counting lattice points in polytopes

A wide variety of topics in pure and applied mathematics involve the problem of counting the number of lattice points inside a convex bounded polyhedron, for short called a polytope. Applications range from the very pure (number theory, toric Hilbert functions, Kostant’s partition function in representation theory) to the most applied (cryptography, integer programming, contingency tables). This paper is a survey of this problem and its applications. We review the basic structure theorems about this type of counting problem. Perhaps the most famous special case is the theory of Ehrhart polynomials, introduced in the 1960s by Eugene Ehrhart. These polynomials count the number of lattice points in the different integral dilations of an integral convex polytope. We discuss recent algorithmic solutions to this problem and conclude with a look at what happens when trying to count lattice points in more complicated regions of space.
Relation and object in Plato's approach to knowledge

THE aim of this paper is to explain a paradox in Plato's philosophy. On the one hand, Plato reduces virtue to knowledge; on the other, he rejects the possibility of knowledge or at least has serious doubts that it exists. I shall propose in this paper that the definition of virtue as knowledge is a logical outcome of Plato's denial of the particular aspect of knowledge as cognitive relation. This paper may also be considered as an attempt to resolve the Hintikka-Santas polemic about whether there is a difference in Plato's philosophy between the function of knowledge and its object. The first part of this paper consists in a critical exposition of Plato's rejection of cognitive relation as a function of knowledge. The second part is devoted to an account of Plato's assumptions in this regard. In the third section of the paper I shall show how, on the basis of these assumptions, Plato reduces virtue to knowledge. And finally, in the last section of the essay, I shall compare my interpretation of this issue with other modern interpretations, especially those of Gerasimos Santas and Jaakko Hintikka.
$${10^{(10^{6})}}$$ worlds and beyond: efficient representation and processing of incomplete information

We present a decomposition-based approach to managing probabilistic information. We introduce world-set decompositions (WSDs), a space-efficient and complete representation system for finite sets of worlds. We study the problem of efficiently evaluating relational algebra queries on world-sets represented by WSDs. We also evaluate our technique experimentally in a large census data scenario and show that it is both scalable and efficient.
Bernard Smith’s Formalesque and the end of the history of art

The concept of the Formalesque preoccupied Bernard Smith during the last decades of his life. First propounded in Modernism’s History (1998), the Formalesque is a proposed period style describing the art of the 20th century. Yet, despite his ambitions for the Formalesque as a new classification for modern art, the idea failed to appeal to academic art history. This paper does not attempt to salvage the Formalesque from art-historical obscurity. But it does argue Smith’s work on this topic is relevant by virtue of the contribution it makes to debates about modernism and art history. Although Smith’s thesis emphasizes the necessity of period styles and the perennial development of art history, paradoxically, the Formalesque also highlights the limitations of art history. If the Formalesque has a place in art historiography, it belongs to a speculative discourse describing the end of the history of art.
Trade Integration and Business Tax Differentials: Theory and Evidence from OECD Countries

Building on recent contributions to the New Economic Geography literature, this paper analyses the relation between asymmetric market size, trade integration and business income tax differentials across countries. First, relying on a foot-loose capital model of tax competition, we illustrate that trade integration (or decreasing trade costs) reduces the importance of relative market size for differences in the extent of corporate taxation between countries. Then, using a dataset of 26 OECD countries over the period 1982-2004, we provide supportive evidence of these theoretical predictions: i.e., market size differences are strongly positively correlated with corporate income tax differences across countries but, crucially, trade integration weakens this link. These findings are obtained controlling for the potential endogeneity of trade integration and are robust to various alternative specifications and robustness checks.