nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of an academic HPC cluster: The UL experience

The intensive growth of processing power, data storage and transmission capabilities has revolutionized many aspects of science. These resources are essential to achieve high-quality results in many application areas. In this context, the University of Luxembourg (UL) operates since 2007 an High Performance Computing (HPC) facility and the related storage by a very small team. The aspect of bridging computing and storage is a requirement of UL service - the reasons are both legal (certain data may not move) and performance related. Nowadays, people from the three faculties and/or the two Interdisciplinary centers within the UL, are users of this facility. More specifically, key research priorities such as Systems Bio-medicine (by LCSB) and Security, Reliability & Trust (by SnT) require access to such HPC facilities in order to function in an adequate environment. The management of HPC solutions is a complex enterprise and a constant area for discussion and improvement. The UL HPC facility and the derived deployed services is a complex computing system to manage by its scale: at the moment of writing, it consists of 150 servers, 368 nodes (3880 computing cores) and 1996 TB of shared storage which are all configured, monitored and operated by only three persons using advanced IT automation solutions based on Puppet , FAI [2] and Capistrano . This paper covers all the aspects in relation to the management of such a complex infrastructure, whether technical or administrative. Most design choices or implemented approaches have been motivated by several years of experience in addressing research needs, mainly in the HPC area but also in complementary services (typically Web-based). In this context, we tried to answer in a flexible and convenient way many technological issues. This experience report may be of interest for other research centers and universities belonging either to the public or the private sector looking for good if not best practices in cluster architecture and management.
Ocean Related Senior Design Projects For Mechanical Engineers At Umass Dartmouth

This paper discusses several ocean-related capstone design projects completed by mechanical engineering students at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. Some projects are detailed analytical projects that involved complex simulations, others are systems engineering projects that involved manufacturing and prototype testing. Different aspects of the design process are emphasized by the different styles of project, and all met with success. Several projects were performed in collaboration with other Departments at UMD or with local institutions that work in the oceanographic field. Neither students nor faculty advisors were assigned specific projects, yet nearly one third of the capstone design projects completed in the last three years have had an ocean or marine emphasis.  Engineering students at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (UMD) are required to take a capstone design course in their senior year. Until fall 2002, this 4-credit course was offered during the spring semester only. Beginning in the fall of 2002, the course was changed to a 2-semester sequence, offering 2 credits for each semester. In the fall semester, students are expected to form design teams, select a design project, secure a faculty advisor for that project, write a project proposal that includes both a schedule and a budget, and begin design work. Another major component of the fall course is practical engineering ethics. During the spring semester, the students are expected to complete their design projects, write a comprehensive final report, and publicly present their design projects before the faculty, a panel of judges from industry, and their fellow students. Students meet weekly with both their project advisor and the course facilitator, and write weekly memos updating their progress. Although there is no formal program at UMD for ocean or marine-related engineering, several senior design projects of late have had a marine emphasis. On occasion, these projects have a connection with other departments or facilities of the University of Massachusetts or local research institutions. For example, one project was conducted through the Center for Marine Science and Technology (CMAST), a UMassaffiliated research laboratory that has recently started a Ph.D. program. One project was done in conjunction with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, one of the US premier ocean research facilities; and another project was completed jointly with students
GENERALIZATIONS OF NOETHER'S THEOREM IN CLASSICAL MECHANICS*

In this paper, a review is presented of various approaches to the generalization of the version of Noether’s theorem, which is presented in most textbooks on classical mechanics. Its motivation is the controversy still persisting around the possible scope of a Noether-type theorem allowing for velocity-dependent transformations. Our analysis is centered around the one factor common to all known treatments, namely the structure of the related first integral. We first discuss the most general framework, in which a function of the above-mentioned structure constitutes a first integral of a given Lagrangian system, and show that one cannot really talk about an “interrelationship” between symmetries and first integrals there. We then compare different proposed generalizations of Noether’s theorem, by describing the nature of the restrictions which characterize them, when they are situated within the broadest framework. We prove a seemingly new equivalence-result between the two main approaches: that of invaria...
Kinetics and mechanistic approach to the oxidation ofL-tryptophan by permanganate ion in aqueous acidic medium

The kinetics of permanganate ion oxidation of L-tryptophan (LT) in aqueous tetraoxosulphate(VI) acid solution at a constant ionic strength of 0.50mol dm-3 at 28± 1OC has been investigated spectrophotometrically. The reaction showed a first order dependence on both - 4 [MnO ] and [LT]. The rate of reaction decreased as the ionic strength of the medium increased. Added anions and cations catalysed the reaction, the result of the Michaelis Menten’s analysis and spectroscopic investigation gave no evidence of intermediate complex formation. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, the outer sphere mechanism is proposed for the . reaction.
Mechanisms of biosorption of different heavy metals by brown marine macroalgae.

The biosorption mechanisms of different heavy metallic cations (Cd, Ni, Pb) to active chemical groups on the cell wall matrix of the nonliving brown marine macroalga, Sargassum vulgaris in its natural form, were examined by the following instrumental and chemical techniques: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and extraction of alginic acid and sulfated polysaccharides, which act as metal-binding moieties present in cell wall. From the different techniques used and the known chemical composition of the algal cell wall, it was observed that biosorption of the metallic cations to the algal cell wall component was a surface process. The binding capacities of the different metal cations were between 1 and 1.2 mmol metal/g on a dry weight basis. The main chemical groups involved in the metallic cation biosorption were apparently carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, and sulfonate. These groups were part of the algal cell wall structural polymers, namely, polysaccharides (alginic acid, sulfated polysaccharides), proteins, and peptidoglycans. The main cadmium cation sequestration mechanism by the algal biomass was apparently chelation, while the nickel cation sequestration mechanism was mainly ion exchange. Lead cations exhibit higher affinity to the algal biomass, and their binding mechanism included a combination of ion exchange, chelation, and reduction reactions, accompanied by metallic lead precipitation on the cell wall matrix. During the ion exchange process, calcium, magnesium, hydrogen cations, and probably other cations (sodium and potassium) in the algal cell wall matrix were replaced by the tested heavy metals.
Arithmetic upon an algebraic surface

The title of my lecture is, I am afraid, probably misleading and certainly too ambitious. For, on the one hand, the connection between arithmetic and geometry suggested by it is not the modern development in divisors theory, but an application of algebraic geometry for arithmetical purposes. On the other hand, I shall confine the subject of this lecture to cubic surfaces in ordinary space, considered in the rational domain, so that a proper title would be for instance The geometry of ternary cubic Diophantine equations. I prefer, however, the more ambitious and inaccurate one, as suggesting the possibility of similar investigations for other surfaces, possibly considered in more general arithmetical fields. The short time at my disposal does not allow me to dwell on such extensions. I mention only that I have already completed an extensive arithmetical research on quartic surfaces; and that the whole subject—arithmetic upon an algebraic surface—seems to me to be so wide in scope, that I can envisage the possibility of further important developments. Let us consider an ordinary space, where coordinates (x, y, z) are introduced and points at infinity are defined in the usual way. I call rational an algebraic surface, or curve, or point set of this space when it can be represented by one or more algebraic equations with rational coefficients,
Experiences about opening data in private sector: A systematic literature review

Open data has been described to, for example, reduce bureaucracy, remove corruption and lower the cost of a product. The discussion has mainly been over the data that has been provided by public organizations: governments, states, and municipalities. In this systematic literature review the aim is to see why private organizations would want to participate to open data initiative and how it would impact their operations. This study presents observed benefits and challenges as well as assumed implications. It was found out that the studied research is mainly speculative and observed results are shallow compared to the assumed and speculated benefits and problems.
Monadic Remote Invocation

In order to achieve Separation of Concerns in the domain of remote method invocation, a small functional adapter is added atop Java RMI, eliminating the need for every remote object to implement java.rmi.Remote and making it possible to remotely access existing code, unchanged. The Remote monad is introduced, and its implementation and usage are detailed. Reusing the existing, proven technology of RMI allows not to re-invent the underlying network protocol. As a result, orthogonal remote invocation is achieved with little or no implementation effort.
How does venture capital operate in medical innovation?

While health policy scholars wish to encourage the creation of technologies that bring more value to healthcare, they may not fully understand the mandate of venture capitalists and how they operate. This paper aims to clarify how venture capital operates and to illustrate its influence over the kinds of technologies that make their way into healthcare systems. The paper draws on the international innovation policy scholarship and the lessons our research team learned throughout a 5-year fieldwork conducted in Quebec (Canada). Current policies support the development of technologies that capital investors identify as valuable, and which may not align with important health needs. The level of congruence between a given health technology-based venture and the mandate of venture capital is highly variable, explaining why some types of innovation may never come into existence. While venture capitalists' mandate and worldview are extraneous to healthcare, they shape health technologies in several, tangible ways. Clinical leaders and health policy scholars could play a more active role in innovation policy. Because certain types of technology are more likely than others to help tackle the intractable problems of healthcare systems, public policies should be equipped to promote those that address the needs of a growing elderly population, support patients who are afflicted by chronic diseases and reduce health disparities.
DC-plasma-assisted synthesis of diamond and alumina using liquid

A new approach was proposed for the DC-plasma-assisted ceramic synthesis using liquid as starting materials. The method consists of generating a plasma between the substrate (electrode) and the liquid phase. Plasma-assisted deposition above the liquid surface of a water-ethylene glycol solution yielded diamond on anode substrate under a constant applied voltage. The morphology and quality of diamond changed from mirror-ball particle with disordered graphite to high-quality film with prolonged deposition. Heating a cathode wire by discharge in an aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate produced α-alumina coatings without post-annealing under atmospheric pressure. Deposition stopped automatically when the whole wire in the solution was covered with alumina. The growth rate of the alumina coatings ranged 1–10 μm min −1 .
A Completeness Theorem for the Expressive Power of Higher-Order Algebraic Specifications

We consider the expressive power of a general form of higher-order algebraic specification which allows constructors and hidden sorts and operations. We prove a completeness theorem which exactly characterises the expressiveness of such specifications with respect to the analytical hierarchy. In particular we show that for any countable signature?and minimal?algebraA,Ahas complexity?11if, and only if,Ahas a recursive second-order equational specification with constructors and hidden sorts and operators under higher-order initial semantics.
Condensation from supernova gas made of free atoms

Silicon carbide grains and graphite spherules containing TiC inclusions are found in the Murchison carbonaceous chondrite. The high 44Ca (from 44Ti) and 28Si contents of these grains are strong evidence that all three minerals originated in the deep zones of Type II supernova ejecta. We present equilibrium calculations for SN shells, and show that TiC, but not graphite or SiC, is a stable condensate in the innermost shells where [Ti + Si] >> [C + O], even though C/O < 1 in these shells. Because of the great stability of gaseous CO, however, neither carbides nor graphite can survive at chemical equilibrium in the massive O-rich shells which separate the heavy element-rich inner sources of 44Ti and 28Si from outer C-rich zones where these minerals would be stable. Clayton et al. (1999) found that, under circumstances where all gaseous molecules and particularly CO are completely dissociated by Compton electrons, specific choices of kinetic parameters enable the prediction of graphite formation, even in an O-rich supernova shell. Following up on this hypothesis, we calculated high-temperature equilibrium condensation sequences in the absence of polyatomic molecules for gases having canonical solar, and supernova shell compositions. Graphite is indeed predicted to be stable in O-dominated supernova zones in the absence of gaseous molecules. But the complementary phases found in meteorites, TiC and SiC, are not stable under these conditions, while SiO2, which is not found, is produced in abundance. Without resolving these discrepancies between theory and observation, the problem of reconciling the zone where the mineralogical identities of supernova grains were established with the zone implied by their isotopic compositions remains unsolved.
An Exploratory Study of the Security Design Pattern Landscape and their Classification

Security is a critical part of information systems and must be integrated into every aspect of the system. It requires a lot of expertise to design and implement secure systems due to the broad coverage of security issues and threats. A good system design is based on sound software engineering principles which leverages proven best practices in the form of standard guidelines and design patterns. A design pattern represents a reusable solution to a recurring problem in a specific context. The current security design pattern landscape contains several patterns, pattern catalogs and pattern classification schemes. To apply appropriate patterns for a specific problem context, a deeper understanding of this domain is essential. A survey of patterns and their classification schemes will aid in understanding pattern coverage and identifying gaps. In this paper, the authors have presented a detailed exploratory study of the security design pattern landscape. Based on their study, the authors have identified shortcomings and presented future research directions.
AGES: An Interdisciplinary Space Based on Projects for Software Engineering Learning

The Software Engineering education faces the challenge of qualifying professionals with competence to work in an interdisciplinary way and in teams, with flexibility to perform different roles and capable of adapting to change. This article describes AGES (Agência Experimental de Engenharia de Software), which is part of the curriculum of the new Software Engineering undergraduate program of PUCRS. AGES is a space that allows students to apply their knowledge in an integrated and diversified way. They participate in teams engaged in real projects. We present the assumptions, the implementation process of AGES, its status and lessons learned until now.
pNRQCD: review of selected results

Non-relativistic bound-state systems are characterized by, at least, three widely separated scales: the mass m of the particle, the (soft) scale associated to its relative momentum ∼ mv, v ≪ 1, and the (ultrasoft) scale associated to its kinetic energy ∼ mv. In QED and in the perturbative regime of QCD the velocity v of the particle in the bound state may be identified with the coupling constant. Moreover, the inverse of the size of the system is also of order mv and the binding energy of order mv. Indeed, a systematic treatment of nonrelativistic bound-state systems in the framework of effective field theories (EFT), which takes full advantage of the above energy scale hierarchy, was initiated in QED 1 and in more recent years remarkable progress has been achieved in the analysis of tt̄ threshold production . For systems made of b and c quarks (I will denote them generically as heavy quarkonia: ψ, Υ, Bc, ...) non-perturbative contributions may be relevant. By comparing the energy level spacings of these systems  with the heavy-quark masses (e.g. mb ≃ 5 GeV and mc ≃ 1.6 GeV) we can still argue that the data are consistent with a kinetic energy of the bound quark much smaller than the heavy-quark mass and, therefore, with a non-relativistic (NR) description of the heavy-quark–antiquark system. However, in dependence of the specific system, the scale of non-perturbative physics, ΛQCD, may turn out to be close to some of its dynamical scales. The physical picture, which then arises, may be quite different from the perturbative situation. What remains guaranteed, also for heavy quarkonia, is that m≫ ΛQCD and that at least the mass scale can be treated perturbatively, i.e. integrated out from QCD order by order in the coupling constant. The resulting EFT is called NRQCD . A lot of effort has been put over the last two decades in order to find the relevant operators, which parameterize the non-perturbative heavy-quark–
From Algebras to Programming Languages

This paper gives an informal presentation of constructions which, when combined, enable one to construct high level programming languages from algebras or, equivalently, from collections of primitive operations on some set (e.g. from the arithmetic, vector and logical operations on the set of integers, integer vectors, and truth values). Using this approach one can construct languages with block structure, procedures, procedure calls by both name and value, plus essentially simpler concepts such as assignment statements and conditional transfers. The constructions are algebraic in the sense that they are constructions on algebras which yield new algebras. However, for the sake of comprehensibility, we present them in this paper in a more informal manner as constructions on “black boxes”. This paper is a continuation of work presented earlier in  and [4] and owes much to the joint work to be reported in .
The New Empiricism of the Fractal Fold Rethinking Monadology in Digital Times

A new configuration of social science is emerging in these digital times, as we tap into new kinds of data that trouble conventions regarding what constitutes the unit of analysis, and question the extent to which these data are owned or even correlated to a definitive organic and individuated subject customarily referred to as "human." These methodological shifts demand a more careful consideration of the historical lineage of empiricism and its relation to the history of science more generally. In this article, I track the historical mutations of monadology, an ontology well suited to empiricism in these digital times. Both Gilles Deleuze and Bruno Latour ascribe to variants of monadology in their proposals for a new empiricism, drawing extensively on the work of Gabriel Tarde (1843-1904), a French sociologist, judge, and author of the audacious post-humanist 1895 text Sociology and Monadology. In this article, I discuss how monadology helps us rethink research methods in these digital times. I argue that a fractal monadology re-assembles the fold with the digital, the continuous with the discrete, and ultimately offers a philosophical foundation for contemporary social science research.
Revisiting pseudo-Dirac neutrinos

We study the pseudo-Dirac mixing of left and right-handed neutrinos in the case where the Majorana masses M_L and M_R are small when compared with the Dirac mass, M_D. The light Majorana masses could be generated by a non-renormalizable operator reflecting effects of new physics at some high energy scale. In this context, we obtain a simple model independent closed bound for M_D. A phenomenologically consistent scenario is achieved with M_L,M_R ~ 10^{-7} eV and M_D ~ 10^{-5}-10^{-4} eV. This precludes the possibility of positive mass searches in the planned future experiments like GENIUS or in tritium decay experiments. If on the other hand, GENIUS does observe a positive signal for a Majorana mass \geq 10^{-3} eV, then with very little fine tuning of neutrino parameters, the scale of new physics could be in the TeV range, but pseudo-Dirac scenario in that case is excluded. We briefly discuss the constraints from cosmology when a fraction of the dark matter is composed of nearly degenerate neutrinos.
The Agote Map of Hainan Island, China: A Case Study for Cultural Dialogue in Eighteenth-Century Cartography

ABSTRACTThe idea of cartography as an example of Western imposition or process of cultural transfer is one that has long fascinated scholars interested in the margins of empires. This article analyses the maps in the possession of Manuel Agote, a Spanish factor in Canton at the end of the eighteenth century. The focus is on the use made by Agote of a Chinese map of Hainan, together with the European maps available already in China for commercial interests, and the way this reflects the cultural dialogue that was operating among local and foreign cartographers engaged in similar European mapping activities in the region.