nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Post-collisional Permian volcanism in northwestern Corsica: an assessment based on mineralogy and trace-element geochemistry

Within the Western Mediterranean Permo-Triassic province, the Scandola-Senino area represents one of the best sites for the study of the successive volcanic episodes and their relationships. With this purpose, new mineralogical and geochemical data on basic and intermediate rocks are presented. The first volcanic episode, including andesites, dacites, and rhyolitic ignimbrites of Early Permian age, is calc-alkaline with a strong LILE enrichment, particularly in K, U and Th. Andesite evolution is controlled by fractional crystallization with an important crustal component. Subsequent permian volcanism corresponds to the emplacement of bimodal volcanic products (basalt-ignimbritic rhyolite) into a caldera structure. The basalts are interpreted as derived from a mantle source still modified by subduction component. The last volcanic episode is represented by doleritic dykes derived from a within plate or OIB-type source devoid of any arc signature (no Ta anomaly). Permian magmatism in Corsica is interpreted as the progressive fading-out of an arc-signature in favour of a primitive mantle source. The magmatic features and the structural setting agree with an inferred post-orogenic geotectonic regime during the period between the Hercynian and Early Alpine orogenic events.
Solution space of 2+1 gravity on ${\bf R} \times T^2$ in Witten's connection formulation

We investigate the space ${\cal M}$ of classical solutions to Witten's formulation of 2+1 gravity on the manifold ${\bf R} \times T^2$. ${\cal M}$ is connected, unlike the spaces of classical solutions in the cases where $T^2$ is replaced by a higher genus surface. Although ${\cal M}$ is neither Hausdorff nor a manifold, removing from ${\cal M}$ a set of measure zero yields a manifold which is naturally viewed as the cotangent bundle over a non-Hausdorff base space~${\cal B}$. We discuss the relation of the various parts of ${\cal M}$ to spacetime metrics, and various possibilities of quantizing~${\cal M}$. There exist quantizations in which the exponentials of certain momentum operators, when operating on states whose support is entirely on the part of ${\cal B}$ corresponding to conventional spacetime metrics, give states whose support is entirely outside this part of~${\cal B}$. Similar results hold when the gauge group ${\rm SO}_0(2,1)$ is replaced by ${\rm SU}(1,1)$.
Incumbents’ Incentives and Party Building in a Federal System: New Evidence from Russia

This paper examines the relationship between federalism and the institutionalization of political parties. Institutionalized political parties maintain a professional bureaucracy, regulate their internal affairs by elaborate rules and procedures, and have a policy agenda that is consistent over time. Party leaders can avoid investing in a party organization by delegating voter mobilization, campaigning, and the production of other traditional party services to non-party actors. Parties can choose to outsource for a number of reasons. In countries with a centralized structure of political finance, outsourcing can reduce expenses associated with maintaining regional party organizations. In clientelist regimes, outsourcing can mitigate the commitment problem by facilitating monitoring of voter behavior and punishing defectors. Thus, from the standpoint of candidates and parties, outsourcing is an attractive campaign strategy. Yet, there is a dearth of literature that examines when, how, and why parties outsource voter mobilization services to non-party actors. This study fills in this lacuna by first demonstrating that both clientelistic and programmatic parties do in fact outsource voter mobilization to non-party actors and then developing and testing a formal model that provides insights into how federalism affects party building. The model predicts that decentralization increases party leaders' willingness to invest in party organization. This hypothesis is tested using a unique dataset on intra-party transfers and outsourcing in Russian legislative elections in 2003 and 2007.
The Selection of Students for the Profession of Teaching

. . . The health of our school children should be improved. . . . They do not develop sufficient skills in reading. . . . Their academic knowledge is limited, and the functional use of that knowledge is disappointing. . . . There is much emotional instability and social incompetence. . . . High school graduates lack a sense of civic responsibility. Such statements can be gleaned from reports of research, surveys, and papers at educational conferences. All such reports would be depressing and disheartening to say the least if there were not some consolation in the fact that most research has been more concerned with the defects in education than with the progress that has been made. Also, we have come to think that recognition of weaknesses is, in itself, a healthy sign that our efforts in education are not static but in a process of develop ment. We do not know as yet just what portion of the failures of educa tion can be attributed to the types of individuals whom we have as teachers in our schools. Although there is little scientific observation from which conclusions can be drawn, it is likely that such terse state ments as, "Those who can, do; those who can't, teach/' have been backed by a mass of observation deserving of some credence. The Car negie1 and other Reports indicate that, in at least some states, the better students in our colleges and universities have not been going into the profession of teaching.
Stratigraphic range of late Precambrian rocks in the central part of the Altai-Sayan Foldbelt

3. Saraev, S.V., Khomenko, A.V., Baturina, T.P., Karlova, G.A. & Krinin, V.A. Vendian and Cambrian of southeastern West Siberia: stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleogeography. Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdenii 1, 7–18 (2004). 4. Kontorovich, A.E. et al. Fore-Yenisei petroleum province: a new petroleum exploration target in Siberia. Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdenii 5–6, 9–23 (2006). 5. Kontorovich, A.E. et al. New type of Cambrian section in eastern part of West Siberian Plate (based on Vostok-1 stratigraphic well data). Russian Geology and Geophysics 49, 843–850 (2008). 6. Kontorovich, A.E. et al. A section of Vendian in the east of West Siberian Plate (based on data from the Borehole Vostok 3). Russian Geology and Geophysics 49, 932–939 (2008). 7. Filippov, Yu.F., Kontorovich, A.E., Kontorovich, V.A., Korovnikov, I.V. & Saraev, S.V. in Basement and structural framework of the West-Siberian Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary basin, geodynamic evolution, and petroleum potential. Russian scientific conference (Tyumen, 27–29 April, 2010), 183–188 (Geo, 2010).
Developing a Business Case for Systems Engineering

This discusses two efforts to provide quantitative evidence of the impact of Systems Engineering (SE) on project performance. The Previous Study - The NDIA SE Effectiveness Study section presents the results of the 2007 SE Effectiveness Study performed by the National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA). The Current Effort - Business Case for Systems Engineering (BCSE) Study section discusses the Business Case for Systems Engineering (BCSE) Study that is currently being performed by NDIA, the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society (AESS), and the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) of Carnegie Mellon University.
How the VESIT Student Branch grew

VESIT, the IEEE Vivekanand Education Society's Institute of Technology creates a path for engineering students to travel on their way to become technically sound professionals. This paper describes the growth of the VESIT Student Branch, which can be attributed to the dedication of the unit's officers and active members who hold frequent meetings to plan events, review previous activities, and discuss new ideas for initiatives. Thus numerous accomplishments of the VESIT Student Branch continue and their aim is to provide their members with the best possible facilities with the limited funding available
Effectiveness of the Implemented Training Program in Changing Menopausal Women's Knowledge & Opinion toward Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis Is A Major Global Public Health Problem And An Important Metabolic Bone Disease Associated With Significant Morbidity, Mortality, And Socioeconomic Burden. It Is Defined As A Skeletal Disorder Characterized By A Decrease In Bone Mass And Density, Leading To An Increased Risk Of Fragility Fractures. The Greatest Bone Loss Occurs In Women During Per-Menopause And Is Associated With Estrogen Insufficiency, A Condition Of Menopause.  To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Implemented Training Program In Changing Menopausal Women's Knowledge And Opinion Toward Osteoporosis At Rheumatic And Rehabilitation Outpatients' Clinic In Mansoura University Hospital.  A Quasi-Experimental Design Was  Two Types Of Sample Were Recruited For This Study. The First Total 400 Menopausal Women Attending The Previous Mentioned Clinic Between May2012and March 2013. The Second Sample 120 Menopausal Women With Positive Diagnosis Of Osteoporosis. Tools For  Three Tools Were Devised Specifically For The Study. There Were Significant Improvements In The Women's Knowledge Scores About Osteoporosis Especially Related To Definition, Causes, Signs And Symptoms, Risk Factors, Intervention, Diagnosis And Nursing Management. Meanwhile, The Scores In The Follow Up (After 3 Months) Tended To Decline.  The Women's Knowledge About Osteoporosis Was Significantly Improved During The Program Phases; At The Post Test And Follow Up After 3 Months. The Study Recommended That The Approach Can Be Replicated And Applied To Other Groups Of Menopausal Women.
Linearity, Non-determinism and Solvability

We study the notion of solvability in the resource calculus, an extension of the λ-calculus modelling resource consumption. Since this calculus is non-deterministic, two different notions of solvability arise, one optimistic (angelical, may) and one pessimistic (demoniac, must). We give a syntactical, operational and logical characterization for the may-solvability and only a partial characterization of the must-solvability. Finally, we discuss the open problem of a complete characterization of the must-solvability.
STRONG MEDIUM AND COUNTERION EFFECTS UPON THE REDOX POTENTIAL OF THE 12-TUNGSTOCOBALTATE(III/II) COUPLE

The 12-tungstocobaltate (III/II) redox couple, both oxidation states being highly negatively charged (5-/6-), is strongly influenced by the nature of the counterion present. In particular, tetraalkylammonium ions decrease E o [Co(III)/(II)] significantly, relative to that measured in the presence of alkali-metal ions in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, thus causing large decreases in redox reactivity with respect to oxidation
Revisiting the Censure Theory of Punishment

This paper is a rejoinder to Thaddeus Metz’s article “Censure Theory Still Best Accounts for Punishment of the Guilty: Reply to Montague.” In his article, Metz attempts to answer objections to censure theory that I had raised previously. I argue in my rejoinder that Metz’s defense of censure theory remains seriously problematic despite what he says in his reply.
Preparing Engineers for Global Challenges

Dr. Elhouar is an Associate Professor of Civil Engineering and Construction at Bradley University. He holds a M.Sc. and a Ph.D. in structural engineering from the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma and a BSc in Building Engineering and Construction from the University Of Tunisia School Of Engineering in Tunis (ENIT). He specializes in the analysis and design of industrial and non-industrial steel buildings and has been teaching steel design and other related courses for many years. His research interests include the design and implementation of artificial intelligence applications in structural engineering, modeling the behavior of structural systems and components under typical and extreme loading conditions (including the effect of fire and collapse analysis), the study of connection design methodologies, and the analysis of the behavior of composite members. Dr. Elhouar has practiced structural engineering at the international level and has participated in his department’s internationalization program numerous times by accompanying students and teaching overseas.
The Asian Flu and Russian Virus: Firm-Level Evidence on How Crises are Transmitted Internationally

This paper uses firm-level information to evaluate how crises are transmitted internationally. It constructs a new data set of financial statistics, industry information, geographic data, and stock returns for over 10,000 companies in 46 countries to test what types of firms were most affected by the East Asian and Russian crises. Results suggest that a product-competitiveness and income effect were both important transmission mechanisms during the later part of the Asian crisis and the Russian crisis. For example, if a firm's main product line competed with a major East Asian export, the firm's average daily abnormal stock return was 13 percent lower during the Asian crisis. The magnitude of this product competitiveness effect during the Russian crisis was 32 percent. Results suggest that a credit crunch was not important during either crisis. Finally, country-specific effects, which are poorly explained by macroeconomic and corporate governance variables, can have a larger impact than all other transmission mechanisms combined.
An Exploratory Analysis of Market Orientation of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (SMEs) in Peru Un Análisis Exploratorio de la Orientación de Mercado de Pe- queñas y Medianas Empresas (PyMEs) en Perú

Traditional marketing knowledge says that a market oriented firm provides its employees with a better understanding of its customers, competitors, and environment. The consequence of having this knowledge leads the organization to provide enhanced customer satisfaction and firm performance. The objective of this research was to assess the market orientations of small business managers in the retail environment in Peru and provide empirical information about characteristics of the market oriented managers and non-market oriented managers. A concerted effort was made to determine the differences in the perceived importance of different elements of the marketing function.
New Directions for Research on Cooperative Type Work Organizations

"Theoretical investigation of worker managed firms is a rap? idly expanding field of study. The English-language bibliogra? phy has swelled to several hundred items and there are many more references in other languages. There is, however, some? thing disturbing about this literature." Branko Horvat, 1986.1 The place of "labor managed firms" in mainstream economics has been established for some decades now. According to the vision pre? sented by Ward [1958] with his Illyrian model, later expanded by Vanek and many others, the labor managed firm maximizes value added per worker instead of total economic profits. Changing the maximand in this way has many interesting implications, but it is curious that only those implications relating to the labor managed firm have been stud? ied. For example, we could as well apply some of the Illyrian results as hypothetical explanations about why certain labor unions have sup? ported automation, why closely held firms remain small, or even to zoning laws; but these possibilities do not receive much attention com? pared to the possibility of the labor managed firm. In the specific realm of the labor managed firm or the cooperative, however, where the Illyrian model is supposed to apply, empirical studies and the case study literature fail to confirm some of the major hypothesis of the Illyrian model. For example, producer cooperatives in Western economies and labor managed enterprises of the Yugoslav type appear to respond normally to changes in product demand contrary to what the Illyrian model predicts.2 In dialogue with the work of Ward and Vanek, some economists such
Frontier's End: The Life and Literature of Harvey Fergusson

The western frontier was officially pronounced closed in 1890, the year Harvey Fergusson was born in Albuquerque. He spent his life reopening it in a series of novels stretching from the classic Wolf Song to the belatedly acclaimed Grant of Kingdom and The Conquest of Don Pedro. In this first full biography and critical study, Robert F. Gish sees Fergusson as a modern frontiersman in love with the outdoors, women, and writing.The scion of New Mexico family prominent in business and politics, Fergusson moved restlessly from one new frontier to another, always seeking to recreate in his life and work the adventure and freedom enjoyed by his ancestors. After a strenuous open-air life by the Rio Grande he went east to raise a ruckus us a journalist and then to Hollywood as a screenwriter, all the while testing his sexual mettle. Finally freelance writing was the only frontier available to one of his imaginative energy.Fergusson s early novel Wolf Song is still considered one of the best ever written about the mountain man. Gish shows the writer embracing the gloriously masculine and atavistic role of a lone rider even as he scorned the worship of the primitive. Fergusson struck up a friendship with H. L. Mencken and Theodore Dreiser (who influenced his literary style) and played a part in the development of Taos and Santa Fe as meccas for artists and writers.Based on extensive research, including Fergusson s diaries and correspondence, Frontier s End goes a long way toward reconciling the regional with the mainstream in American literature in the person of a serious novelist whose importance is finally being recognized."
Black Detroit and the Rise of the UAW.

"For almost two decades, August Meier and Elliott Rudwick have roamed the frontier of Afro-American history, blazing trails that others have followed. This book forges a solid link between race and class conflict in the twentieth century."---Ira Berlin, "The Nation""This fact-filled study is essential to students of the labor and civil rights movements."---David Kusnet, "The New Republic""A fascinating slice of history illustrating important race and class issues that are still with us."---"Library Journal""By ignoring the conventional lines between labor and black history, Meier and Rudwick have found an unexplored middle ground---the net of relations between the black community and white economic institutions---that shaped the working life of blacks in Detroit's auto plants. This is a major achievement."---David Brody, Professor Emeritus of History, University of California, Davis." . . an important work . . . one of the first to apply the nitty-gritty of social and institutional history to 20th century African American and labor history."---Eric Arnesen, University of Illinois at ChicagoBlack Detroit and the Rise of the UAW is essential reading for historians of labor and race in America, as well those interested in Detroit's importance as a crucible for American urban history.
Study of the ability and the education system of professionals on Housing Maintenance Engineering

Housing maintenance has its own unique characteristics and content, therefore, professional knowledge structure and ability of Housing Maintenance Engineers have a special quality requirement. Currently, because of its historical reasons of China's higher engineering education system, there is a gap between engineering education and housing maintenance system. Based on the analysis, this paper proposes feasible solutions to adapt to China's national conditions on the Education System of the Housing Maintenance Engineers. That is establish the Housing Maintenance Engineer Education System, it include establish and improve the system of higher engineering education, reform of the curriculum structure of higher engineering education, improve the continuing education and so on.
NEO‐KANTIAN PHILOSOPHIES OF SCIENCE: CASSIRER, KUHN, AND FRIEDMAN1

In some recent writings, as well as in the article published here, Michael Friedman offers a fascinating account of how Thomas Kuhn’s groundbreaking work in the history and philosophy of science is related to—and even explicitly indebted to—an important strand of Neo-Kantianism. Friedman shows that Kuhn’s talk of “shifts” between paradigms, in particular, is influenced by the Neo-Kantian conception of the exact sciences as evolving by way of a series of massive structural transitions which do not aim at “convergence to a final truth about a mind-independent reality” (p. 242). Kuhn takes a step beyond the NeoKantians, however, in giving up not just convergence towards things-inthemselves but also any sort of convergence at all. According to Friedman, this final step of Kuhn’s is in fact a misstep—an unfortunate result of the fact that he followed Alexandre Koyre and Emile Meyerson in assuming that any convergence in mathematical physics would have to be “substantial.” Substantial convergence, roughly speaking, involves a series of theoretical structures having the same “physical referents” but accounting for them (descriptively and predictively) in an increasingly adequate way. And this, as Kuhn himself points out, is not the way the history of the exact sciences has actually gone. Instead, the physical referents of, say, the Einsteinian theory are essentially and substantially different from the physical referents of the Newtonian theory.
Modeling and analysis applications in manufacturing system design and development

This thesis demonstrates how modeling and analysis tools, particularly simulation tools, can be used to facilitate the design of a manufacturing system. The study is based on visits performed at eight large US manufacturers during the summer 1994. It reflects on the practices encountered at these companies for the design of plants, on the tools identified and examined which help this design process, and on methodologies and policies that contribute to an efficient use of modeling tools. The main types of modeling tools identified are described in a high level way. Their benefits are stressed in light of the fundamental objectives of the development process as observed at the participating companies: risk control, time and cost reduction, quality and flexibility achievment. A particular emphasis is given to dynamic tools, or simulation. It is shown that two types of simulation can be performed and lead to different benefits: simulation for predictions or simulation for insight into a system. A model development process methodology is presented, along with recommendations on how to involve all key players in the model building phase: system people, model builders and decision makers. It is argued that this practice greatly improves the usefulness of the model, its acceptance and the learning associated with it. Characteristics of a useful model, and selection criteria for commercial tools are then examined. The fundamental conclusion drawn from the practices of the companies visited is that leverage can be achieved through more communication between model builders, and more interactions between models. It is recommended that harmonization of tools across divisions be aimed at, and that corporate standards be set for modeling tools. Integration of tools used for complementary analyses is also encouraged, and a method to facilitate it is presented. Communication through users' groups or online is suggested as a way to promote the use of modeling. Thesis Supervisor: Professor Kevin  Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering