nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
First year engineering: Exploring engineering through the engineering design loop

Over the past few years, the School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS) at Miami University has moved toward the principle of a common first year curriculum for all of our nine majors. A significant component of this common first year is a one hour course entitled computing, engineering, and society that all engineering and computing students take in the first semester of their freshman year. Herein, we describe a recent revision to this course that allows our students to experience the entire design loop that is fundamental to engineering design. The specific project that we used was the design and construction of a HO-scale model train layout. The key to success, we believe, was not the particular project but the fact that it was sufficiently complex that it required a team of students to work for several weeks using each step of the engineering design loop.
Optical properties of PbTiO3 films deposited by sol-gel process and pulsed laser deposition: a comparison

Lead titanate PbTiO3(PT) thin films were prepared on single-crystal MgO(100) substrates by sol-gel process (SG) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniques. The SG coating solutions were synthesized from lead (II) acetate, titanium isopropoxide precursors using acetic acid and diethanolamine (DEA). The SG films were spin coated at 2000 rpm, dried in air at 350 degree(s)C and rapid thermally annealed at between 400-650 degree(s)C temperature range. PLD films were grown at 2x10-6 Torr chamber pressure in flowing oxygen and at the substrate temperature of 600 degree(s)C. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning spectrophotometry. The optical properties of the PT films were evaluated from spectral transmittance and reflectance measurements. Optical and structural properties of SG and PLD thin films grown at 600 degree(s)C substrate temperature were compared. XRD analysis indicates that PLD films grow strongly textured on MgO(100) substrate. In contrast, SG films were randomly oriented. SEM showed that the surface of the SG PT films heat treated at above 600 degree(s)C had smaller grains. In contrast PLD grown films had a well-developed dense and uniform grain structure with larger grain size. The optical constants such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k) and optical band gap (Eg) values were found to depend on the preparation techniques. The optical band gap values are in the range of 2.98-3.24 eV depending on the deposition method.
Proteins and enzymes as taxonomic tools.

Publisher Summary According to the International Code of Nomenclature, organisms must be assigned to a species. When an organism is to be named, a dossier of its characteristics is prepared to determine whether the organism has already been described. If the organism does not fit into an already described species, it must be described to receive recognition as a “new” species according to the appropriate code. This ritual constitutes a memorial to Linnaeus who created order in the previously chaotic classification of plant and animal macroorganisms. In the beginning, microbial classification followed Linnaean protocol. Although considerable progress has been made in the preparation of increasingly more sophisticated dossiers, the microbial taxonomist seems to have produced increasingly greater Linnaean chaos in certain groups. Perhaps the situation is best appreciated by considering an opinion offered by a macrobial taxonomist. Whatever other functions may be attributed to taxonomy—such as investigating phylogeny, the creation of a data storage and retrieval agency is surely an inescapable one.
Bowen Lemma in the Countable Symbolic Space

We consider the sets of quasi-regular points in the countable symbolic space. We measure the sizes of the sets by Billingsley-Hausdorff dimension defined by Gibbs measures. It is shown that the dimensions of those sets, always bounded from below by the convergence exponent of the Gibbs measure, are given by a variational principle, which generalizes Li and Ma’s result and Bowen’s result.
Feedback: the Charismatic Renewal

The Theological Commission of the Charismatic Renewal in the Catholic Church of Germany is to be commended for its detailed tackling of an important topic that most Churches and denominations affected by "extraordinary bodily phenomena" are neither studying nor evaluating in any serious way. As a fellow Catholic theologian, I wish to reflect on the importance of this document "Concerning Extraordinary Bodily Phenomena in the Context of Spiritual Occurrences" published in the previous issue of PNEEWA1 and to begin by recognizing its valuable contribution.
Magnetic and Structural Properties of Nanocomposite ZnO-Fe3O4 Films Prepared by Solid-State Synthesis

A simple method for obtaining ZnO-Fe3O4 nanocomposites using solid-state reaction Zn + 3Fe2O3 ZnO + 2Fe3O4 is suggested. An analysis of the characteristics and properties of ZnO-Fe3O4 nanocomposites was carried out by a combination of structural and physical methods (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, Mossbauer measurements, X-ray fluorescent analysis, and magnetic measurements). The magnetization of the hybrid ZnO-Fe3O4 films is equal to 440 emu/cm3. The resulting Fe3O4 nanoparticles are surrounded by a ZnO shell and have sizes ranging between 20 and 40 nm.
Incorporating Futures Thinking in a Civil Engineering Cornerstone Course

The importance of the capacity of civil engineering students to design for the future should go without saying. Civil engineering structures are meant to stand for decades, if not hundreds or even thousands of years, and are to be utilized by future generations. How do civil engineers of the present envision the wants and needs of future generations, especially in this fast-changing world where values often shift rapidly? How do civil engineers safeguard the rights of future generations while fulfilling the wants and needs of the present? How do civil engineering designs of today meet the different needs of the stakeholders in the future? How do we prioritize the current needs of the natural environment while designing construction projects? We contend that these are key questions related to the future that ought to be addressed in a civil engineering curriculum. This paper describes the ongoing efforts and preliminary results of incorporating futures thinking into a cornerstone course at the Department of Civil Engineering at National Taiwan University in Taiwan. The experiment was conducted as one of the two parts of a freshman course, Civil Engineering Concept Design Studio, for one of the three classes. The paper will briefly describe the progress of trial teaching in the Fall semester of 2014 as well as that of the pilot curriculum in the Fall of 2015. Major elements of futures thinking and fundamental civil engineering design concepts extracted during the process of incorporation will be presented along with an assessment of student learning. Suggestions for future curricular implementation will also be made.
Voluntary Purchase of Counterfeit Products: Empirical Evidence From Four Countries

Counterfeiting, i.e., producing and selling copies of branded products that strongly resemble the original, has emerged as a major problem for global marketers, rising dramatically over the past several years. Surprisingly, factors driving the demand for fake products have attracted far less attention than supply-side remedies. This paper attempts to redress this imbalance by investigating the demand for counterfeits. Specifically, we consolidate existing findings and develop a comprehensive yet parsimonious model of the antecedents and drivers of voluntary counterfeit purchases. Following the frequent call for more cross-national comparisons, we used a sample of over 900 consumers from Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Austria, and Mexico to test our model. This large-scale approach calls existing findings into question and raises provocative thoughts guiding future research in the area.
Freedom, justice, and rationality: The basic ethical concepts of the capabilities approach

(i) the capabilities approach as a real freedom perspective through the connections with the ethics of Aristotle and through its eleutheronomic foundation in Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant and Karl Marx; (ii) the contributions of the impartial spectator as open impartiality to the idea of justice; and (iii) a broader conception of rationality.  Aristotle, Smith, Kant, Marx, Rawls, Sen, freedom, justice, rationality, impartial spectator, capability, eleutheronomy, public reason, ethics.
Examining the “F” in Gifted: Academically Gifted Adolescents' Physiological and Affective Responses to Scholastic Failure

The present investigation examined whether academically gifted children, relative to their nongifted peers (a) were subject to greater self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, (b) endorsed higher levels of Ellis' (1962) irrational beliefs, and (c) were prone to more negative reactions to an experimentally induced failure. Relative to their nongifted and academically achieving peers, the academically gifted students demonstrated more negative affective and physiological stress reactions to the experimentally induced failure, as well as higher levels of self-oriented perfectionism and irrational beliefs. The present findings highlight the need for research within the relatively new and unexplored field of gifted students' reactions to scholastic failure.
The Proactive Security Toolkit and Applications

Existing security mechanisms focus on prevention of penetrations, detection of a penetration and (manual) recovery tools Indeed attackers focus their penetration efforts on breaking into critical modules, and on avoiding detection of the attack. As a result, security tools and procedures may cause the attackers to lose control over a specific module (computer, account), since the attacker would rather lose control than risk detection of the attack. While controlling the module, attacker may learn critical secret information or modify the module that make it much easier for the attacker to regain control over that module later. Recent results in cryptography give some hope of improving this situation; they show that many fundamental security tasks can be achieved with proactive security. Proactive security does not assume that there is any module completely secure against penetration Instead, we assume that at any given time period (day, week,.), a sufficient number of the modules in the system are secure (not penetrated). The results obtained so far include some of the most important cryptographic primitives such as signatures, secret sharing, and secure communication However, there was no usable implementation, and several critical issues (for actual use) were not addressed
In this work we report on a practical toolkit implementing the key proactive security mechanisms The toolkit provides secure interfaces to make it easy for applications to recover from penetrations. The toolkit also addresses other critical implementation issues, such as the initialization of the proactive secure system.
 We describe the toolkit and discuss some of the potential applications. Some applications require minimal enhancements to the existing implementations - e.g. for secure logging (especially for intrusion detection), secure end-to-end communication and timestamping. Other applications require more significant enhancements, mainly distribution over multiple servers, examples are certification authority, key recovery, and secure file system or archive
Research on Groundwater Pollution and Its Prevention-control Policy in China

The prevention-control measures of groundwater pollution are very urgent with the groundwater pollution spreading from urban areas to rural areas and becoming more serious gradually.There are four main causes for the pollution of groundwater: industrial pollution,agriculture pollution,living pollution and natural pollution.Based on the analysis of the main causes,this paper tries to find out several problems with the prevention-control policy on groundwater pollution in China,such as the deficient law system and unclear administrative obligation and so on.Finally it gives several proposals for the prevention-control policy on groundwater pollution to deal with these problems.
Feminism and the new democracy : re-siting the political

NATIONAL VICTIMS - 'Siting/Citing/Sighting the New Democracy' 'Flowers from the Volcano' - Kathleen B Jones The Politics of Responsibility and Perspectives on Violence against Women Feminism of the North and West for Export - Zillah Eisenstein Transnational Capital and the Racializing of Gender Exilic Affinities - Kate Mehuron Diasporic Coalitions in an Epidemic Forgotten History - Karen Engle and Ranjana Khanna Myth, Empathy, and Assimilated Culture See No Evil, Speak No Evil - Renata Salecl Hate Speech and Human Rights PART TWO: PRACTICISING COALITIONS Equality, Difference and Democracy - Nancy Fraser Recent Feminist Debates in the United States Constructing/Deconstructing 'Women' - Manisha Desai Reflections from the Contemporary Women's Movement in India (Be)Coming Out - Shane Phelan Lesbian Identity and Politics Genealogical Feminism - Lee Quinby A Politic Way of Looking PART THREE: BODILY LOCATIONS Spare Parts, Family Values, Old Children, Cheap - Patricia J Williams The Regulation of Lesbian Sexuality through Erasure - Anna Marie Smith The Case of Jennifer Saunders Performing Theory - Shannon Bell Socrates, Sam, Kate and Scarlot PART FOUR: DEMOCRATIC REFLECTIONS Gender Hierarchy, Equality, and the Possibility of Democracy - Drucilla Cornell Musing as a Feminist in a Postfeminist Era - Patricia S Mann The Reflective Solidarity of Democratic Feminism - Jodi Dean
PO-61 - Patients' Experiences of LIving with CANcer associated thrOmbosis in Spain (PELICANOS).

The Patients' Experiences of LIving with CANcer associated thrombosis (PELICAN) study has identified the experience of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) to be a distressing one, for which patients feel ill prepared for and receive insufficient support. However, such data was from a United Kingdom (UK) population and may not be representative of all nationalities, cultures and healthcare systems.



To explore the experience of cancer associated thrombosis amongst patients living in Spain.



Twenty consecutive patients with CAT were recruited from a Spanish University Hospital. Where possible spouses were interviews in conjunction. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were undertaken, assited by a pre-agreed promt list. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Preliminary data analysis was undertaken using thematic analysis.



Several commonalities between UK and Spanish patients were identified including the traumatic nature of the experience, need for information and adaptive behaviors through ritualization. Three new major themes also emerged: Communication needs: over emphasis on heparin injection training, additional need for explanation of cause, response and prognosis The impact of CAT on the concept of self: CAT was considered defining watershed moment, confirmation of seriousness of the cancer, The impact of CAT on the family dynamic: distressing diagnosis for loved ones, exaggerated desire to help which could disempower patient independence.



The experience of CAT is a distressing one which brings with it additional information needs through effective communication. Within the Spanish population, the role of family is of particular importance as well as the impact of CAT on the patient's feelings of worth and personal identity. Effective communication, support and access to information are essential in order to minimize distress and enhance treatment complicance.
Inhibiting effect of palladium additions on embrittlement of Fe–Ni low expansion alloys by copper containing brazing alloys

Pd containing brazing alloys were invented as filler materials that (i) had good spreading and gap filling properties, (ii) did not badly erode the high temperature metals for which their use was intended, (iii) were ductile, and (iv) did not contain volatiles, which made their use in radio valves attractive particularly for glass–metal seals, where the Ag–Cu eutectic was a favoured alternative, but could lead to cracking of parent metal during the brazing cycle unless preplated with Ni. The work reported here traced the mechanism of attack of Fe–Ni alloy by Ag–Cu eutectic with three modifications containing nominally 5, 10, and 25 wt-%Pd. A static beam loading technique was used in conjunction with scanning electron and optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray (XPS), and Auger (AES) spectroscopy. The alloys containing 5%Pd or less were hot short, but were ductile when cold bend tested; those containing 10 and 25%Pd were ductile at all temperatures tested. Ductility was associat...
Patient experiences, attitudes and expectations towards receiving information about anti-TNF medication: a quantitative study

The objective of the study was to measure patient attitudes and experience of information received during drug counselling for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) medications. This is a cross-sectional UK postal questionnaire study. Three RA patient groups—disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) only, first anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) and failed anti-TNF—were sent postal questionnaires. Data on patient history/demographics, drug counselling experience, knowledge of drug side effects, attitudes to vaccinations, cancer screening and blood borne virus testing was collected; 264/679 (39%) patients responded (median age 65 years, 66% female, median disease duration 15 years). Drug information from rheumatology nurses, rheumatology doctors and information leaflets was most useful. Thirty-eight percent of respondents felt reassured by information received, but 37% felt more worried. Forty percent of participants were aware of important drug side effects. Although 42–65% of patients understood they should temporarily halt anti-TNF therapy with concurrent infection, 75% of patients recalled continuing therapy despite infection. Thirteen percent believed that all vaccinations (including travel vaccinations) were safe while taking anti-TNF. Uptake of UK cancer screening programmes was between 87 and 94%, except prostate screening (47%). Most participants were not aware that they may need to discontinue their anti-TNF if they developed cancer. The majority of participants felt neutral/reassured by the prospect of viral hepatitis (95%) and HIV (91%) testing. Although drug counselling is a well-established part of clinical care, there is potential for further improvement to ensure that patients’ knowledge empowers them to act safely. Particular areas for improvement included the following: patients halting DMARDs/anti-TNF therapy during infections, knowledge regarding vaccinations and prostate cancer screening uptake.
Requirements statement language principles for automatic programming

The first step in automatic programming is the statement of information requirements in a Requirements Statement Language (RSL), a language for stating system requirements without needing to state the procedures implementing the system. The objective of this paper is development of language design principles for an RSL offering extensive requirements statement facilities. This objective is achieved through the formulation of a formal description of an information processing system. The formal description provides the criteria for requirements statement facilities of an RSL and for the capabilities of software for requirements statement analysis.
Student Software Engineering Learning via Participation in Humanitarian FOSS Projects

Software engineering education has long sought to provide students with real-world software development and professional experience. The use of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) projects is one attractive approach for providing students with easy access to a complex, ongoing project of size that is supported by a professional community. Humanitarian FOSS (HFOSS) projects hold the additional appeal to students of developing software that will benefit the human condition. However, student involvement in HFOSS projects can be somewhat unpredictable and less controllable than the development of home-grown projects or projects with an industry partner. Student participation in an HFOSS project means that students are dependent, at least somewhat, on the goals, schedule, and constraints of the HFOSS project itself. Therefore, learning is somewhat reliant on the progress of the HFOSS project. This paper presents results of a multi-year study of student perceptions of learning related to software engineering knowledge and skills while involved in an HFOSS project. The paper includes a background of work in student participation in HFOSS, an outline of the study approach and an explanation of the results. Implications of the results and future directions are also described.
Evolutionary ecology of microbial wars: within-host competition and (incidental) virulence

Invading an occupied niche is a formidable ecological challenge, and one of particular human importance in the context of food-borne microbial pathogens. We discuss distinct categories of invader-triggered environmental change that facilitate invasion by emptying their niche of competitors. Evidence is reviewed that gut bacteria use such strategies to manipulate their environment (via bacteriocins, temperate phage viruses or immuno-manipulation) at the expense of their competitors are reviewed. The possible virulence implications of microbial warfare among multiple co-infecting strains are diverse. Killing competitors can reduce virulence by reducing overall microbial densities, or increase virulence if for example the allelopathic mechanism involves immuno-manipulation. Finally, we place microbial anti-competitor strategies in a social evolution framework, highlighting how costly anti-competitor strategies can be understood as examples of microbial spite. We conclude by discussing other invasive species that have also developed such proactive strategies of invasion.
Acute myelogenous leukemia and aging. Clinical interactions.

Effective treatment of the elderly patient with AML remains a challenging task. Acute myelogenous leukemia is clearly a different disease in the elderly than in the young, for many reasons, both clinical and biologic, which contribute to the worse prognosis in the elderly. The elderly, as a group, have been underrepresented in clinical trials. Several important prognostic variables have been identified and described, however, that can help the physician select the appropriate treatment for any individual patient. Age itself should not preclude an attempt at therapy, especially for AML, which progresses very rapidly in the absence of treatment. After careful analysis of prognostic factors, in any individual patient, however, the outlook may be so poor that it may be desirable to withhold treatment. With a better understanding of the pathophysiology of AML in the elderly, more targeted and less toxic treatment regimens will become available. At present, however, clinicians must use an improved understanding of the disease to predict its behavior in an individual patient, so that the currently available treatment modalities are used most prudently.
Classical models of quantum mechanics

This chapter gives an introduction to a chain of results attempting to exclude deeper layers underneath quantum mechanics that restore some form of classical physics: ‘[Such results] more or less illustrate the ways along which some opponents might hope to escape Bohr’s reasonings and von Neumann’s proof and the places where they are dangerously near breaking their necks.’ (Groenewold, 1946, p. 454). In so far as they are mathematically precise, such no-go results have their roots in von Neumann’s 1932 book, which gave rise to two traditions that were often in polemical opposition to each other.