nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The nonlinear association between apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 ratio and type 2 diabetes

The ratio of ApoB/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) has been found to be associated with type 2 diabetes, and it was proposed as a new biomarker for type 2 diabetes predictions. Previous studies have assumed that the association between apoB/apoA1 and type 2 diabetes was linear. However, the linearity assumption has rarely been examined. In the present study, we aimed to examine whether this association showed a linear trend in a nationally representative population.Participants aged 18 years and over (n = 8220) were selected from the China Health Nutrition Survey (CHNS). We used restricted cubic spline to model the association between ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and type 2 diabetes using logistic regression models. Additionally, we categorized the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio according to quartiles to compare with previous results. Age, gender, education, smoking status, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lipid, body mass index (BMI), and hypertension were controlled as potential confounders.We found that the association between apoB/apoA1 ratio and type 2 diabetes may be nonlinear after adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Compared with the lowest quartile of apoB/apoA1 ratio, participants in the fourth quartile had a higher odds of type 2 diabetes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.81].Our results suggest that, higher apoB/apoA1 ratio was associated with higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes. However, the association may be nonlinear.
Ganganalyse nach minimal-invasiver Hüftprothesenimplantation

Bei der Implantation von Hüfttotalendoprothesen (HTEP) sind klinische Kriterien zur alleinigen objektiven Beurteilung der funktionellen Ergebnisse nicht immer ausreichend. Daher wurde die Besserung des Gangverhaltens durch instrumentelle 3-D-Ganganalysen vergleichend für ein aktuelles, minimal-invasives Operationsverfahren (MIS, anterolateraler Zugang) und einen konventionellen, transglutäalen Zugang (KONV) objektiviert. In Einzelfällen wurden die gestörten Bewegungsabläufe durch Messung von Muskelaktivitäten über dem operierten Gebiet mittels hochauflösender, monopolarer Oberflächenelektromyographietechnik (O-EMG) erfasst. Trotz der kontinuierlichen signifikanten Verbesserung praktisch aller untersuchten kinematischen und kinetischen Gangparameter für beide Operationsverfahren bereits nach 5 Wochen, aber insbesondere nach 6 und 12 Monaten, traten für keinen Parameter/Zeitpunkt signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Operationsverfahren auf. O-EMG belegte auch 6 Monate postoperativ eine unphysiologische Muskelaktivierung auf der operierten, aber auch der nichtoperierten Seite. Die Vorteile der MIS beschränken sich daher eher auf frühe postoperative Resultate wie schnellere Schmerzreduktion und Rehabilitation. Upon implantation of a hip prosthesis by total hip arthroplasty (THA), clinical criteria are not always sufficient for an objective assessment of the functional outcome. Thus, functional improvement of gait behavior was comparatively validated by instrumented 3D gait analysis for a current, minimally invasive surgical approach (MIS; anterolateral approach) and a conventional, transgluteal approach (KONV). In selected cases, disturbed motion sequences were registered by measuring the muscle activity via high-resolution, monopolar surface electromyography (S-EMG) above the operation area. Despite continuous and significant improvement of practically all analyzed kinematic and kinetic gait parameters for both surgical approaches already after 5 weeks but in particular after 6 and 12 months, no significant differences were detected between the 2 procedures for any parameter or time point. The S-EMG demonstrated non-physiological muscle activation on the operated, but also on the non-operated side, even at 6 months after surgery. Advantages of the MIS approach thus seem primarily restricted to early, post-operative results, such as more rapid pain reduction and rehabilitation.
A phase II study of the combination of endocrine treatment and bortezomib in patients with endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer.

The majority of patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast             cancer die from disease progression despite different types of anti-hormonal treatments.             Preclinical studies have indicated that resistance to anti-hormonal therapies             may be the result of an activated NF-κB signalling pathway in breast cancer. Bortezomib             is a proteasome inhibitor that blocks the NF-κB pathway. Recent pharmacodynamic             and pharmaco-kinetic xenograft studies have shown that drug exposure may be a             crucial factor for the efficacy of bortezomib in solid tumours. The aim was to             investigate whether the addition of bortezomib to anti-hormonal therapy would             result in regained antitumour activity in patients with progressive and measurable             disease being treated with an endocrine agent. Clinical benefit was defined as             patients obtaining stable disease, partial response or complete response after             2 cycles, lasting for at least another five weeks. Bortezomib was administered             on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of a 5-week regimen (1.6 mg/m2). Eight patients received             an aromatase inhibitor and bortezomib, while one received tamoxifen and bortezomib.             There were 3 grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicities. Median time to treatment failure             was 69 days (range, 35-140). Two out of the 9 patients had stable disease for             more than 10 weeks. Despite an effective target inhibition, suggested in peripheral             blood mononuclear cells and available tumour samples, no objective antitumour             responses were observed. Addition of a proteasome inhibitor to anti-hormonal therapy             resulted in a clinical benefit rate of 22% in a limited number of patients with             endocrine resistant and progressive metastatic breast cancer. The demonstrated             proteasome inhibition in tumour tissue provides evidence that the lack of clinical             responses is not attributed to deficient drug exposure.
High Definition Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging for Lymph Node Histopathology

Chemical imaging is a rapidly emerging field in which molecular information within samples can be used to predict biological function and recognize disease without the use of stains or manual identification. In Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging, molecular absorption contrast provides a large signal relative to noise. Due to the long mid-IR wavelengths and sub-optimal instrument design, however, pixel sizes have historically been much larger than cells. This limits both the accuracy of the technique in identifying small regions, as well as the ability to visualize single cells. Here we obtain data with micron-sized sampling using a tabletop FT-IR instrument, and demonstrate that the high-definition (HD) data lead to accurate identification of multiple cells in lymph nodes that was not previously possible. Highly accurate recognition of eight distinct classes - naïve and memory B cells, T cells, erythrocytes, connective tissue, fibrovascular network, smooth muscle, and light and dark zone activated B cells was achieved in healthy, reactive, and malignant lymph node biopsies using a random forest classifier. The results demonstrate that cells currently identifiable only through immunohistochemical stains and cumbersome manual recognition of optical microscopy images can now be distinguished to a similar level through a single IR spectroscopic image from a lymph node biopsy.
Neurofeedback treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a comparison with methylphenidate.

Clinical trials have suggested that neurofeedback may be efficient in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We compared the effects of a 3-month electroencephalographic feedback program providing reinforcement contingent on the production of cortical sensorimotor rhythm (12-15 Hz) and betal activity (15-18 Hz) with stimulant medication. Participants were N = 34 children aged 8-12 years, 22 of which were assigned to the neurofeedback group and 12 to the methylphenidate group according to their parents' preference. Both neurofeedback and methylphenidate were associated with improvements on all subscales of the Test of Variables of Attention, and on the speed and accuracy measures of the d2 Attention Endurance Test. Furthermore, behaviors related to the disorder were rated as significantly reduced in both groups by both teachers and parents on the IOWA-Conners Behavior Rating Scale. These findings suggest that neurofeedback was efficient in improving some of the behavioral concomitants of ADHD in children whose parents favored a nonpharmacological treatment.
In-hospital and 12-month outcomes after acute coronary syndrome treatment in patients aged<40 years of age (from the Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes).

We aimed to compare the characteristics and in-hospital and 12-month outcomes in patients aged>40 and <40 years with acute coronary syndrome. The analysis involved 789 patients aged<40 years and 63,057 patients aged≥40 years enrolled in the ongoing Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes from October 2003 to December 2009. Patients aged<40 years with acute coronary syndrome differed from older patients in their clinical characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcome. The older patients more frequently had pulmonary edema (2.9% vs 0.4%, p<0.0001) and cardiogenic shock (4.7% vs 2.8%, p=0.011) on admission. For the younger patients, coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention were performed more often (71.5% vs 60.5%, p<0.0001 and 51.5% vs 47.7%, p=0.04, respectively). The younger patients had a lower mortality rate than the older patients during hospitalization (1.5% vs 5.2%, p<0.0001) and during 12-month follow-up period (4.1% vs 13.4%, p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age<40 years was one of the strongest factors associated with lower mortality during the 12 months after discharge (hazard ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.29 to 0.62, p<0.0001). In conclusion, younger patients had more favorable in-hospital and 1-year outcomes than older patients, and the age<40 years was revealed to be one of the strongest factors associated with lower mortality during the 1-year follow-up.
Prostatic and dietary omega-3 fatty acids and prostate cancer progression during active surveillance.

The association between omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids and prostate cancer has been widely studied. However, little is known about the impact of prostate tissue fatty acid content on prostate cancer progression. We hypothesized that compared with the estimated dietary ω-3 fatty acids intake and the ω-3 fatty acids levels measured in red blood cells (RBC), the prostate tissue ω-3 fatty acid content is more strongly related to prostate cancer progression. We present the initial observations from baseline data of a phase II clinical trial conducted in a cohort of 48 untreated men affected with low-risk prostate cancer, managed under active surveillance. These men underwent a first repeat biopsy session within 6 months after the initial diagnosis of low-risk prostate cancer, at which time 29% of the men had progressed from a Gleason score of 6 to a Gleason score of 7. At the first repeat biopsy session, fatty acid levels were assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire, and determined in the RBC and in the prostate tissue biopsy. We found that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer progression when measured directly in the prostate tissue. Thus, this initial interim study analysis suggests that prostate tissue ω-3 fatty acids, especially EPA, may be protective against prostate cancer progression in men with low-risk prostate cancer.
Sensory stimulation promotes normalization of postural control after stroke.

In a randomized study of hemiparetic stroke patients with a median age of 75 years, functional recovery was significantly better in those who received additional sensory stimulation (n = 38), including electrostimulation, than in control patients (n = 40) given the same physiotherapy and occupational therapy; group differences for balance, mobility, and activities of daily living were significant. The present study was designed to investigate postural control in patients who survived more than 2 years after stroke onset.



The 48 survivors (mean, 2.7 years; range, 2.0 to 3.8 years), 22 from the treatment group and 26 from the control group, were compared with 23 age-matched healthy subjects. Subjects were perturbed by vibrators applied to calf muscles or with galvanic vestibular stimulation. We evaluated postural control in terms of sway variances or sway velocities and the dynamics of postural control as a feedback system using system identification with a model previously validated for human postural control.



Significantly more patients of the treatment group than of the control group maintained stance during perturbations (P < .01). Among patients capable of maintaining stance during perturbation, the control patients were characterized by significant divergence from normal values in two of the three characteristic parameters of dynamic postural control (ie, swiftness and stiffness; P < .05) compared with the treatment subgroup or age-matched subjects.



The course of sensory stimulation enhanced recovery of postural function, an enhancement still significant 2 years after the lesion and treatment. The differences and near normalization of characteristic parameters of dynamic postural control among treated patients suggest that improved recovery after sensory stimulation may be achieved by patients regaining normal or near normal dynamics of human postural control.
Association of inducible nitric oxide synthase with asthma severity, total serum immunoglobulin E and blood eosinophil levels.

Nitric oxide is released by immune, epithelial and endothelial cells, and plays an important part in the pathophysiology of asthma.



To investigate the association of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) gene repeat polymorphisms with asthma.



230 families with asthma (842 individuals) were recruited to identify and establish the genetic association of iNOS repeats with asthma and associated phenotypes. Serum nitric oxide levels in selected individuals were measured and correlated with specific genotypes. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of age and sex.



A total of four repeats-a (CCTTT)n promoter repeat, a novel intron 2 (GT)n repeat (BV680047), an intron 4 (GT)n repeat (AFM311ZB1) and an intron 5 (CA)n repeat (D17S1878)-were identified and genotyped. A significant transmission distortion to the probands with asthma was seen for allele 3 of the AFM311ZB1 gene (p = 0.006). This allele was also found to be significantly associated with percentage blood eosinophils (p < 0.001) and asthma severity (p = 0.04). Moreover, it was functionally correlated with high serum nitric oxide levels (p = 0.006). Similarly, the promoter repeat was found to be associated with serum total immunoglobulin (Ig)E (p = 0.028). Individuals carrying allele 4 of this repeat have high serum IgE (p < 0.001) and nitric oxide levels (p = 0.03).



This is the first study to identify the repeat polymorphisms in the iNOS gene that are associated with severity of asthma and eosinophils. The functional relevance of the associated alleles with serum nitric oxide levels was also shown. Therefore, these results could be valuable in elucidating the role of nitric oxide in asthma pathogenesis.
The web as an adaptive network: coevolution of web behavior and web structure

Much is known about the complex network structure of the Web, and about behavioral dynamics on the Web. A number of studies address how behaviors on the Web are affected by different network topologies, whilst others address how the behavior of users on the Web alters network topology. These represent complementary directions of influence, but they are generally not combined within any one study. In network science, the study of the coupled interaction between topology and behavior, or state-topology coevolution, is known as 'adaptive networks', and is a rapidly developing area of research. In this paper, we review the case for considering the Web as an adaptive network and several examples of state-topology coevolution on the Web. We also review some abstract results from recent literature in adaptive networks and discuss their implications for Web Science. We conclude that adaptive networks provide a formal framework for characterizing processes acting 'on' and 'of' the Web, and offers potential for identifying general organizing principles that seem otherwise illusive in Web Science.
Some kinetic considerations in high cut-off hemodiafiltration for acute myoglobinuric renal failure.

The kinetics of myoglobin in severe rhabdomyolysis and dialysis-dependent myoglobinuric acute kidney injury (Mb-AKI) is still not well elucidated, and more detailed knowledge could improve the now empiric use of rapid extracorporeal myoglobin removal by high cut-off (HCO) hemodialysis treatments. Eighteen adult patients with severe dialysis-dependent Mb-AKI (median serum concentration of myoglobin 57.4 mg/L) participated in the prospective clinical study, assessing myoglobin kinetics during HCO hemodiafiltration (HCO HDF). High initial serum concentrations of myoglobin (median 57.4 mg/L), together with protracted myoglobin appearance in the blood, indicated a large accumulation of myoglobin in body fluids. Extra-renal endogenous metabolic myoglobin clearance was delayed, with a slow exponential fall in serum myoglobin (t½ 35 h). A mean myoglobin clearance of 90-94 mL/min, a reduction ratio of 80%, and a rapid exponential fall (t½ 1 h) in serum and dialysate myoglobin were achieved by HCO HDF. Half of the cumulative myoglobin removal was accomplished in 3-5 h, with an additional removal of 7% each hour thereafter. A 2.4-fold rebound in serum myoglobin followed the HCO procedures. Large amounts of myoglobin are released into the circulation, and its endogenous metabolic clearance in dialysis-dependent Mb-AKI is slow. Owing to its rapid and highly efficient myoglobin elimination, HCO HDF may represent a valuable tool in the initial management of severe Mb-AKI, with a potential for earlier application in the future.
ISMB 2010 Organization

Bioimaging Gene Myers, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, USA Robert F. Murphy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA Databases and Ontologies Alex Bateman, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK Suzanna Lewis, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, USA Disease Models and Epidemiology Thomas Lengauer, Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruken, Germany Yves Moreau, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium Evolution and Comparative Genomics Dannie Durand, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA Teresa Przytycka, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA Gene Regulation and Transcriptomics Hanah Margalit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Eric Xing, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA Population Genomics Eleazar Eskin, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Eran Halperin, Tel-Aviv University, Israel Protein Interactions and Molecular Networks Alfonso Valencia, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain Roded Sharan, Tel-Aviv University, Israel Protein Structure and Function Bonnie Berger, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Nir Ben-Tal, Tel-Aviv University, Israel Sequence Analysis Michael Brudno, University of Toronto, Canada Cenk Sahinalp, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada Text Mining Andrey Rzhetsky, University of Chicago, USA Hagit Shatkay, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada Other Bioinformatics Applications Philip Bourne, University of California, San Diego, USA Barb Bryant, Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, USA
Potentiated sympathetic and hemodynamic responses to alcohol in hypertensive vs. normotensive individuals.

Alcohol is associated with acute increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in normal individuals. The effects of alcohol on MSNA in patients with hypertension are unknown. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled study design, we tested the hypothesis that there is a differential effect of acute alcohol consumption on cardiovascular function in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive controls.



We examined the effects of oral alcohol intake (1.0 g/kg body weight) and placebo on blood pressure, heart rate, and MSNA in 13 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and 11 normotensive controls. The two sessions were performed in random order, each study on a separate day.



Baseline MSNA was significantly elevated in the hypertensive patients as compared to the controls (38 ± 2 vs. 28 ± 2 bursts/min; P < 0.01). Placebo had no significant effect on MSNA, blood pressure, or heart rate in either group. In normotensive individuals, alcohol had no significant effect on blood pressure (SBP increased by 1 ± 4 mmHg). By contrast, SBP increased after alcohol in hypertensive patients by 24 ± 6 mmHg (P < 0.001 vs. controls). MSNA increased after alcohol in controls by 83 ± 34% (P < 0.01 vs. baseline). MSNA did not change significantly after alcohol in hypertensive patients (16 ± 7%, not significant), despite a profound blood pressure increase, which would be expected to inhibit sympathetic activity.



Pressor responses to acute alcohol consumption are potentiated in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive controls. Vasoconstrictor sympathetic tone is not suppressed in hypertensive patients after alcohol, despite the enhanced pressor response. Sympathetic neural mechanisms might contribute to both alcohol-related blood pressure increases and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients.