nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Corporatism and Housing Regimes

According to Torgersen (1978), education, health care, social security and housing are the four pillars of the welfare state. However, he describes housing as the “wobbly pillar under the welfare state” because to a far greater degree than education, health care and social security, housing is a market product. When examining welfare, the equivocal position of housing between state and market leads welfare researchers to focus on one or more of the other pillars (Torgersen, 1987, p 117; Wilensky, 1975, pp. 7–9). Because housing straddles both state and market, it is probable that vested market interests are more prominent in housing than in other welfare sectors. For this reason the housing market is likely to reflect the power balance between different interest groups particularly clearly, especially in comparison with other important welfare sectors where the market still plays a much more limited role. The market dependency of housing therefore makes it especially interesting for the study of power in ...
Post-sedimentary tectonic evolution,cap rock condition and hydrocarbon information of Carboniferous-Permian in Ejin Banner and its vicinities,western Inner Mongolia:a study of Carboniferous-Permian petroleum geological conditions(part 3)

Based on an analysis of Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary evolvement and a study of structural reformation after Carboniferous-Permian and Mesozoic magmatism,the authors hold that Cretaceous was a flourishing period of Yingen-Ejin Benner basin evolution: there existed the combination of lacustrine facies-swamp facies sandstone and mudstone characterized by large thickness and stable horizontal spread,and Cretaceous mudstone consitituted a good regional cap of the Carboniferous-Permian petroleum system.Although multistage tectonic reworking took place after Carboniferous-Permian,tectonic stress was dominated by extruding and uplifting.In general,the extrusion and uplift didn't affect the Carboniferous-Permian petroleum system except for local areas where structural dynamometamorphism occurred.There happened four stages of magmatism,in which the Early Cretaceous magmatism was strong.Affected by this magmatism,Carboniferous-Permian strata locally experienced thermal metamorphism,and hydrocarbon source rocks reached the mature stage,but the effect range was limited.There were four sedimentary cycles during Carboniferous-Permian;as a result,there existed mud shale of large thickness and stable horizontal spread especially in Amushan and Maihanhada Formations,and the mud shale was not only a good source rock but also a good cap rock.There was a long-term uplift-erosion from Late Variscan to Indo-Chinese epoch in Carboniferous-Permian,but there existed stable spread of Carboniferous-Permian strata in Ejin Banner-Wutaohai area based on geophysical data interpretation,with the residual thickness being generally from 1000 to 2000m and the thickness of local areas being over 3000m.Information of a series of Carboniferous-Permian hydrocarbon source rocks related hydrocarbon shows indicate that there existed processes of hydrocarbon generation,migration and accumulation in Carboniferous-Permian period,which suggests good hydrocarbon prospects.
Solid Solution Dielectrics Based on Sodium Niobate

The dielectric properties of some twenty solid solution systems based on sodium niobate are described, the additives being classified into ABO3, AB2O6, and A2B2O7 types. Properties of the systems NaNbO3-BaTiO3, NaNbO3–SrTiO3, and NaNbO3-Sr2Ta2O7 are described in some detail. A composition in the last system has permittivity and loss tangent values at 1600 cycles per second of 2600 and 0.003, respectively, at 20°C. and 1600 and 0.025, respectively, at 200OC. The system NaNbO3-SrTiO3 undergoes a phase transition from orthorhombic to cubic symmetry at 15 to 20 mole % SrTiO3 accompanied by a change from NaNbO3-type behavior to para-electric behavior. Results on some mixed-crystal systems are also reported.
Making something happen : American political poetry between the world wars

Rethinking American activist poetry of the 1920s and 1930s; "Poetry makes nothing happen," wrote W.H. Auden in 1939, expressing a belief that came to dominate American literary institutions in the late 1940s - the idea that good poetry cannot, and should not, be politically engaged. By contrast, Michael Thurston here looks back to the 1920s and 1930s to a generation of poets who wrote with the precise hope and the deep conviction that they would move their audiences to action. He offers an engaging new look at the political poetry of Edwin Rolfe, Langston Hughes, Ezra Pound, and Muriel Rukeyser. Thurston combines close textual reading of the poems with research into their historical context to reveal how these four poets deployed the resources of tradition and experimentation to contest and redefine political common sense. In the process, he demonstrates that the aesthetic censure under which much partisan writing has labored needs dramatic revision. Although each of these poets worked with different forms and toward different ends, Thurston shows that their strategies succeed as poetry. He argues that partisan poetry demands reflection not only on how we evaluate poems but also on what we value in poems and, therefore, which poems we elevate.
Critical remarks on Religion in the public sphere' – Habermas between Kant and Kierkegaard

This article provides a critical assessment of Habermas's recent work on religion and the role of religion in the public sphere by comparing it to Kant's philosophy of religion on the one hand and that of Kierkegaard on the other. It is argued that although Habermas is in many ways a Kantian, he diverges from Kant when it comes to religion, by taking a position which comes closer to the Kierkegaardian view that religiousness belongs to private faith rather than philosophy. This has implications not just for the conception of religion but also for the very roles of communication, validity, rationality, and philosophy.
Modeling of the Thermal Evolution of the Sedimentary Cover and the Maturity of Organic Matter in the Source-Rock Sequences of Sedimentary Basins of the East Siberian Sea

In this paper 2D and 3D modeling of thermal evolution of sedimentary cover and OM evolution of the source-rock sequences (SRSs) of the East Siberian Sea were conducted. The distribution of the temperature and reflection of vitrinite in sedimentary cover is presented along the composite seismic profile of the section. Maps of the distribution of the temperature of sedimentary sequences, reflection of vitrinite of the SRSs for various temporal boundaries, and the degree of OM transformation of the SRSs for the presentday stage of evolution were plotted. The evolution of OM maturity and possible processes of hydrocarbon generation of the SRSs were analyzed on the basis of modeling results.
The Foundations of Neo-Classical Professionalism in Law and Business

Both the management of private enterprise and the practice of corporate law must be radically remodeled if they are properly to serve their correlate values: prosperity and justice. In that remodeling, the cornerstone of professional status would be appreciation of the deepest values of our common culture, gained through liberal education in the humanities and social sciences. Lawyers and managers need this appreciation because, under the best available institutional arrangements, they together must actively shape our public world, both in the law and in the market, for the common welfare.The professional’s requisite cultural appreciation has two essential components, one intellectual, the other moral: an understanding of our basic shared values and a commitment to their advancement. The former, intellectual, component can be guaranteed through some combination of market forces and legal mandates; putting the latter, moral, component in place poses greater problems. Yet it is equally basic, the foundation of public service on which both law and the market must rest in a capitalist republic.Remodeling professionalism along these lines it not a mere academic exercise; it entails significant structural changes in both business and law. In business, elite management must be recognized and re-structured as a profession; in law, the lower levels of practice must be removed from the relatively protected, quasi-autonomous regime of professional self-regulation and treated as ordinary trades or businesses. This dual shift would draw the dividing line of professional status not vertically, between law and business, as in the Anglo-American tradition, but rather horizontally, across the two occupations, more in accord with the continental European model. This shift would meaningfully respond both to management reformers like Brandeis in the US and Tawney in the UK and to critics of the professions from the sociological left, like Magali Larson, as well as the economic right, like Milton Friedman. And this shift will integrate the “intramural” perspective of legal and business ethics with the “extramural” perspective of the sociology of work. The result would be a neo-classical professionalism in both law and business, a model for modern professionals seeking to serve classical republican values. The remodeling recommended proceeds in two phases; this paper is the second. The first phase surveyed the foundations of classic professionalism theory, pointed out their failure to be deep enough for law and wide enough for business, and suggested how they might properly be expanded in both directions. This second phase undertakes that expansion, providing a blueprint for neo-classical professionalism in law and business. It shows how law and business function together at the base of our modern society, how lawyers and managers as neo-classical professionals are essential to the proper functioning of both the law and the market, and how we can sustain neo-classical professionalism without traditional institutions of occupational self-regulation.
Federal support of basic research: Some economic issues

SummaryThere is no necessary connection between leadership in basic science and leadership in the applications of science, because scientific progress is a cooperative endeavour and not a competitive game; indeed, there may be a conflict between basic research and applied science. The notion of “a position of leadership”; in science raises questions of what leadership consists in and what its value is to the nation. The two main arguments for government support of science are cultural-social, and economic. The cultural-social argument stresses scientific activity as a form of social consumption of wealth and raises the question of whether other uses of the resources employed would contribute more to the greatness of the society. The economic argument stresses basic scientific research as a form of investment for the future, and raises the questions of what the rate of return on such investment is and whether and to what extent government support is called for. Relevant economic research results bearing on this problem are scarce. Economic theory suggests that competition in the market will supply less than the optimal amount of basic research; but our society substantially supplements the market through private contributions to and government support of science, and the question is whether this supplementation is deficient or excessive. Here difficult problems arise, on which more economic research is needed; one of these concerns the relative merits of government and private support of science. The rule-of-thumb procedures generally recommended for determining the volume and allocation of government support to basic scientific research generally ignore these problems, and amount to endorsing the present level of government support or recommending that it be increased. Allocation of federal support of science should take account of the possibility of stimulating the economic development of poor regions of the country by locating scientific research facilities in them.
Protest and the Body in Melville, Dos Passos, and Hurston

Preface Acknowledgments Chapter One: Introduction Chapter Two: Reading a Man Like a Book: Bodies and Texts in Billy Budd Problems of the Body Body Politics Anxious Readings Embodied Texts and Textualized Bodies Fathers, Sons, Tensions Chapter Three: Producing Remembrance: John Dos Passos's Body in the Text Anatomy and a Mid-Life Crisis Vagabardage The (Un-)American Body Doing the People in Indifferent Voice Remembering the Body of an American A Tramp or a Middle-Class Intellectual-It's as Bad Either Way Chapter Four: How It Feels to Be Not-So-Young, Gifted, and Black: Passing and "De change uh Life" in Their Eyes Were Watching God Hurston's Novel of Passing De Change uh Life Notes Bibliography Index
Attitudes of Secondary School Students toward the Inclusion of Peers with Borderline Intelligence Prior and After the Application of a Recreation Program

The purpose of the study was to compare the attitudes of students without disabilities regarding the inclusion of students with borderline intelligence in their class during a recreation activity and to examine their opinions concerning the adaptations of recreation activity required for the successful participation of students with mild learning difficulties. The sample consisted of 79 secondary school students (43 boys and 36 girls) separated in two groups (experimental and control). The research included a pre-intervention phase for the familiarization of five students with borderline intelligence in softball activity that represented the main activity of the research. During the intervention phase, the students of the experimental group and their colleagues with disabilities participated together in softball with all the necessary adaptations. The students of the control group didn’t participate in the activity and generally they did not come in contact with the students with disabilities.
COSSACS (Continue or Stop post-Stroke Antihypertensives Collaborative Study): rationale and design.

Up to 40% of acute stroke patients are already taking antihypertensive therapy on hospital admission, and most will develop elevated blood pressure levels as an acute complication of the stroke. However, no clear data exist as to whether antihypertensive therapy should be continued or discontinued in the acute situation. Surveys of clinical practice reveal significant physician variability and no clear guidelines exist.



The primary aim of the Continue or Stop post-Stroke Antihypertensives Collaborative Study (COSSACS) is to assess whether existing antihypertensive therapy should be continued or discontinued within the first 24 h for the first 2 weeks following acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke onset.



COSSACS is a multi-centre, prospective, randomized, open, blinded-endpoint study, in which patients on pre-existing antihypertensive therapy, admitted to hospital within 24 h of onset of suspected stroke, and within 36 h of their last dose of antihypertensive medication, are randomized to continue or stop current antihypertensive therapy.



Acute Stroke Units/ Medical Units of at least 25 UK Teaching and District General Hospitals.



The study will involve 2900 patients with suspected stroke without specific indication to continue or stop their antihypertensive medication in the opinion of their treating clinician.



The primary outcome for COSSACS is the proportion of patients who are dead or dependent (defined by a modified Rankin score > 2) at 14 days post-stroke. Secondary outcomes include blood pressure changes, and neurological and functional status at 2 weeks and 6 months post-ictus.
Graph Optimized Convolutional Networks

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have been widely studied for graph data representation and learning tasks. Existing GCNs generally use a fixed single graph which may lead to weak suboptimal for data representation/learning and are also hard to deal with multiple graphs. To address these issues, we propose a novel Graph Optimized Convolutional Network (GOCN) for graph data representation and learning. Our GOCN is motivated based on our re-interpretation of graph convolution from a regularization/optimization framework. The core idea of GOCN is to formulate graph optimization and graph convolutional representation into a unified framework and thus conducts both of them cooperatively to boost their respective performance in GCN learning scheme. Moreover, based on the proposed unified graph optimization-convolution framework, we propose a novel Multiple Graph Optimized Convolutional Network (M-GOCN) to naturally address the data with multiple graphs. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and benefit of the proposed GOCN and M-GOCN.
Investigation of Microstructure and Creep Properties of Sn-xSb Solder Alloys up to Peritectic Composition

Particle strengthening was studied in Sn-xSb (x=0.5–3.0 wt. %). Tensile deformation behavior of Sn-2.5 wt.% Sb is investigated at temperature ranging (298 - 343K) and under different constant loads ranging (5.1 14.0 MPa). The microstructure characteristics of the tested alloys have been obtained using x-ray diffraction. Morphological studies using optical microscope have been investigated to obtain correlation between the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the alloys. The improved strength is attributed to the uniform distribution of the SnSb intermetallic compound (IMC) inside Sn matrix. Based on the obtained stress exponent (n) and activation energy (Q), it is proposed that the dominant deformation mechanism is dislocation climb over the whole temperature range used.
Neither Black nor white : slavery and race relations in Brazil and the United States

Carl Degler s 1971 Pulitzer-Prize-winning study of comparative slavery in Brazil and the United States is reissued in the Wisconsin paperback edition, making it accessible for all students of American and Latin American history and sociology. Until Degler s groundbreaking work, scholars were puzzled by the differing courses of slavery and race relations in the two countries. Brazil never developed a system of rigid segregation, such as appeared in the United States, and blacks in Brazil were able to gain economically and retain far more of their African culture. Rejecting the theory of Giberto Freyre and Frank Tannenbaum that Brazilian slavery was more humane Degler instead points to a combination of demographic, economic, and cultural factors as the real reason for the differences. In the early 1970s when studies in social history were beginning to blossom on the North American scene, Carl Degler s prize-winning contribution was a thoughtful provocative essay in comparative history. Its thoughtfulness has not diminished with the years. Indeed, it is as topical today as when it was first published. The Brazilian experience with rapid industrialization and its attempt to restore democratic government indicates that the issues which Degler treated in the early 1970s are more pertinent than ever today. Franklin W. Knight, Department of History, Johns Hopkins University."
Water utility benchmarking for managerial and policy decisions: Lessons from developing countries.

Those responsible for utility operations can only manage what they measure, so having information on productivity trends and relative performance enables utility managers to direct attention to shortfalls. Similarly, policy-makers require quantitative analyses in order to identify utilities with strong and weak performance. Examples from Central America are used to illustrate key points. A recent IADB study reports that investments of $40 billion for water assets are needed to meet the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals; wastewater treatment would significantly raise that funding requirement ("Obstacles and Constraints, 2003). A survey of 400 stakeholders included in the study identified inappropriate pricing policy and lack of clarity in regulatory processes as the two major constraints for increasing investment in water and sanitation systems (WSS) in Latin America and the Caribbean. Private sector funding could play a role in expanding or improving urban water systems through either equity investments or the purchase of municipal bonds. However, external financial flows are required to increase significantly absent major improvements in system performance and to develop incentives for better WSS performance - in the sense of increased quality of service provision and cost efficiency of the utility system's operations. Expecting infrastructure investment to grow in Central America, the Inter- American Development Bank (IADB) funded a PURC study on Benchmarking Water Utilities in the region. The aim of IADB was to gauge the impact of loans on network expansion (coverage) and on service quality. In addition, water professionals at international organizations must be able to understand what utilities (and nations) are doing as "best practice" so that incentives can be developed to enhance performance (Baietti, et. al., 2006). The project involved conducting metric benchmarking analysis using data gathered from national regulators and utilities. This work complements and extends the Association of Water Regulators of the Americas' (ADERASA) recent empirical study on benchmarking Latin American water service providers.
Therapeutical considerations in associated atrial fibrillation and heart failure.

Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia very common in medical practice, often associated with heart failure. Pathophysiological relationship between atrial fibrillation and heart failure is in the attention of numerous case studies, being incomplete elucidated.



We made a retrospective study on patients with both diseases, hospitalized in Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Hospital, Iasi, during 01.01.2013 - 31.12.2013. The obtained data allowed the classification of patients according to gender distribution, age groups, area of origin, clinical aspects, and association with other diseases, instituted treatment and appreciation of CHADS2 score. Data interpretation was performed with appropriate statistical methods.



We found a higher frequency of the disease among male patients, male: female ratio being 2:1; the most of the patients lived in urban area. The pick of diseases incidence was in patients over 65 years with a total percentage of 70.84% of cases. We noted that the most common symptoms were exertional dyspnea (in all patients), palpitations, dizziness, headache, fatigue, asthenia, dyspnea at rest and pain/chest pressure. In our study, the majority of patients received the beta-blocker--digoxin combination (46 patients, 40 patients respectively).



The coexistence of the two disorders could be explained by identifying common risk factors. Beta blockers should be the first therapeutic option in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation because they have the effect of controlling heart rate and improve survival in patients with these disorders. Meanwhile, digoxin is a drug, only certain conditions of high accuracy monitoring; whose major clinical indications are heart failure and atrial rhythm disturbances.
GORE in the IT aligment to business strategy: A Systematic Mapping Study

The enterprises cannot be competitive if their business and IT strategies are not aligned. In the last years, the alignment issue was addressed in several researches and numerous methods, approaches and techniques, using GORE were proposed. This paper proposes a systematic mapping study useful to evaluate differents alignment approaches, with the aim of discovering the objectives models used in the requirements engineering stage, serving as a starting point for future research in this area.