nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Prelude to Eight Essays on Control Science in the XX-th Century

Automatic control systems have been operating in many machines and devices at different periods of the human civilization. The control of windmills using centrifugal governors, dating back to the 17th century, is an early example. However, the rise and development of Control Science as an independent discipline has taken place in the 20th century only. After some initial decades of specific developments spurred by industrial needs and military requirements, the field has witnessed a paradigm shift about 50 years ago, under the impact of remarkable scientific discoveries. This paradigm shift gave rise to a new and awesome field, rich with theoretical challenges and multidisciplinary applications. At about the same time, an actual ''control community'' developed its own identity by setting the foundations for international societies like the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and others, and creating its own scientific journals. Normally, technical contributions on the frontiers of research are published in the European Journal of Control. However, considering the fading of time, we thought that this Journal would render a great service to our community by recording the views and memories of a number of senior and authoritative scientists of our field about the dawn of systems and control some 50 years ago, and the way our field has developed into a mature discipline. Our aim was neither to describe the complete picture, nor to write the ''official'' story of the dawn of control and its evolution. We have instead addressed a selected group of distinguished scientists who have been very active contributors to the field of Control Science through most of these 50 years, and we have asked them to share with our readers their views, their experiences, and their memories. These scientists have been selected based on the role they played in our scientific community, more than on the country where they have worked even if, by a ''historical'' point of view, these individuals were living and working in particular places and institutions of the world, and they are therefore excellent witnesses of the way the ideas of the time were being received in their local communities. We have voluntarily refrained from giving the authors of this special issue precise guidelines, leaving them very free to report on their personal experience and their personal views, if they wished to do so. Our hope was that by putting together their …
The Jean Baudrillard Reader: We Have Never Been Postmodern: Reading Jean Baudrillard

Jean Baudrillard was perhaps the most controversial of all social and cultural theorists. He has been variously vilified as a 'postmodernist', an 'overrated French theorist' and one of the 'intellectual imposters'. In his seventies, he survived global fame and a name check in "The Matrix"; he also contracted cancer. His comments on 9/11, Abu Ghraib and Europe's suburban riots have been eagerly sought and digested. However, his translated publications since his first book in 1968 have left a trail of confusion and misinterpretation.Jean Baudrillard is a notorious figure but few have read many examples of his entire oeuvre. There is now though a chance to read Baudrillard's texts in an overall historical, social and political context and for a cool re-assessment to be made of his life and work, after his death. This book is a central part of that project. It concentrates on what Baudrillard has written over five decades and the order in which he wrote it. The Reader comprises extracts of Baudrillard's writings from the sixties to the noughties, with an editorial introduction and a concluding reading guide.This is the first collection of Jean Baudrillard's work in the English language It illustrates the development and interconnectedness of Baudrillard's work since the 1960s. Each section has an extract of one of Jean Baudrillard's writings translated into English, prefaced by a short bibliographical introduction setting the scene.
On Sauer’s theory and practice in cultural ecology

Berkeley School, also known as Cultural Ecology School, was represented by Carl O. Sauer, one of the most outstanding American cultural and historical geographers, who served as the director of Department of Geography at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1923 to 1954. Under his leadership this active academic school had produced huge influences in geography and anthropology in North America from the 1920s to 1960s. The academic practice of Sauer could be classified into five categories: 1) agricultural origin and dispersal; 2) the relations between cultural landscapes and natural environments; 3) the researches on the early explorations of America; 4) human impacts on environments; and 5) the methodology of cultural ecology. Sauer's theory and practice in cultural ecology belongs to the logical positive study. He is interested in cultural landscapes and the relationship between the cultural landscapes and natural environments is the core theme in all his researches. When studying landscapes, he not only reveals the regional differentiation, but also emphases the origin and changing process of the cultural landscapes. He believes cultures play very important roles in shaping landscapes, and each unique cultural landscape deeply roots in the local environment. He thinks cultural landscape is built based on the natural landscape on one side, and it is also the creation of human culture on another side. Sauer insists that all cultural landscapes have the genetic or historical characteristics. Cultural landscape is formed and shaped throughout the time sequence. At the different time intervals, the cultural landscape is different. One cultural landscape is the result of the former landscape, and it is also the beginning and condition of the next one. So if we want to well understand the current cultural landscape, we need to know the historical changing process of the landscape. From the 1970s on, Berkeley School declined gradually and Sauer's ideas were abandoned finally in North America, the discussion on the geographical imagination has replaced the early logical positive studies. In some situation, Sauer even becomes the whipping target of post modernism scholars. Actually, geographical facts and imagination are the two aspects of one geographical question, they are complementary but not expelled. From this point of view, Sauer's works still have important meaning for the development of Chinese geography.
The question of natural law in Aristotle

Aristotle continues to be associated with natural law. Some scholars see this association as untenable; others adhere to Aquinas' reading, even if unconsciously. This article departs from both. It restores the plausibility of an Aristotelian natural law, but concludes that it is ultimately incompatible with Aristotle's doctrine. It is plausible because Aristotle does suggestively point towards it. He does so, however, in order to distance himself subtly from it. He must do so subtly because what he in fact points to is a confusion associated with the virtue of justice.
Chiral tensor particles in the early Universe

The status of the chiral tensor particles in the extended electroweak model, their experimental constraints, signatures and the possibilities for their detection at the new colliders are reviewed. The characteristic interactions of the chiral tensor particles in the early Universe plasma and the corresponding period of their cosmological influence is determined. The dynamical cosmological effect, namely the speeding of the Friedmann expansion due to the density increase caused by the introduction of the new particles, is evaluated. 
It is shown that the existence of the chiral tensor particles is allowed from cosmological considerations and welcomed by the particle physics phenomenology.
Lightest scalar in the SU(L)2 x SU(R)2 linear sigma model.

We consider the lightest scalar meson in the frame of the SU(L)2 x SU(R)2 linear sigma model, keeping in mind that this model could be the low energy realization of two-flavor QCD. We show that the sigma field is described by its four-quark component at least in the sigma resonance energy (virtuality) region and the sigma-->gammagamma decay is the four-quark transition. We emphasize that residues of the sigma pole in the pipi-->pipi and gammagamma-->pipi amplitudes do not give an idea about the sigma meson nature, and the progress in studying the sigma meson production mechanisms in different processes could essentially further us in understanding its nature.
A Direct constraint on dimension eight operators from Z ---> neutrino anti-neutrino gamma

We study the radiative decay Z-->neutrino antineutrino gamma whitin an effective Lagrangian approach. Using the search for energetic single-photon events in the data collected by the L3 collaboration, we get direct bounds on the dimension-six and the dimension-eight operators associated with the tau-neutrino magnetic moment and the anomalous electromagnetic properties of the Z boson. As a by-product of our calculation, we reproduce the L3 result for the bound on the tau-neutrino magnetic moment.
Developments in the fields of Software Engineering - Professionalism, standards and best practice

Software Engineering needs to be seen as a professional discipline and for this to occur there needs to be both educational and professional infrastructures which reflect a true “engineering” ethos. A summary of recent movements in the fields of Software Engineering education and professionalism is given, followed by a more in-depth analysis of four particularly significant projects/activities: the project concerned with the Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice, the Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK) project, the Production of the Software Engineering volume as part of the CC2001 effort, and the work associated with the International Federation for Information Processing’s proposals regarding the Harmonization of Professional Standards in information technology and how this relates to Software Engineering. Finally, conclusions are presented along with details of further work that needs to be undertaken.
Tectonics of Central Wyoming: ABSTRACT

Central Wyoming is bounded by mountain ranges which have moved along complex thrust faults. Some of these ranges lie on or very close to the basin deeps. Subsequent adjustment by normal faulting has further complicated much of the area. Crustal shortening is demonstrated, whereby tightly folded anticlines have formed within the basins and have moved along thrust faults upon the mountain flanks. The area apparently acted under the conditions of plastic deformation, in response to a series of pulsating movements affecting the entire Rocky Mountain area during Laramide time. The tectonic pattern of the area was influenced by the sedimentary column. A relatively thin column of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rock represents transgressive overlap from the Cordilleran geosyncline. This thin column occupied a relatively stable area until Laramide time. Regional isopach work, however, indicates broad gentle arching throughout the sedimentary history. As early as Frontier time considerable local relief was present, and some folds were overturned in pre-Paleocene time. Oil and gas accumulations are the best known result of the tectonic environment. Mineral deposits, particularly uranium, appear to be closely related to structural conditions in the area. End_of_Article - Last_Page 788------------
Unified Description of Inclusive and Exclusive Reactions at All Momentum Transfers

R. Blankenbecler and S. J. Brodsky Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. 94305  The constituent interchange model is used to relate large and small momentum transfer reactions, to relate inclusive and exclusive processes, and to predict the form of the inclusive cross section throughout the Peyrou plot. Two important corrections to the triple Regge formula are derived. The first, important at small missing mass, allows a smooth connection to exclusive processes. The second, important at large missing mass, allows a smooth connection to the central region and to the large transverse momentum regime. Simple quark counting rules are given which predict the limiting behavior of Regge trajectories and residue functions, and the powers of Pi and the missing mass dependence of inclusive cross sections. Many experimental consequences of the model are given.
Model-independent constraints on contact interactions from LEP2 data analysis

We derive model-independent constraints on four-fermion contact interaction-type dynamics from the published preliminary LEP2 experimental data on e+e- annihilation into $\mu^+\mu^-$ and $\tau^+\tau^-$ pairs, measured at different energies between 130 and 207 GeV. The basic observables are chosen to be the total cross section and the forward-backward asymmetry, and the analysis realistically takes into account data uncertainties and correlations among measurements at the various energies. The combination of data from different energy points plays an important role in the determination of regions allowed for the contact interaction coupling constants. In contrast to the more common one-parameter analyses, we only obtain constraints on pairs of parameters rather than limits on individual ones.
Cardinal Newman in the Crystal Palace and the Idea of the University Today

The university can no longer be defended on the basis of a two-culture model, that is, on the separation of the ‘good’ humanist arts and the ‘bad’ technical sciences (see Snow, 1959). In fact, it is the mediated ‘humanity’ of our technologised lives that suggests other grounds of community: in the idle use of contemporary technology, both in- and outside the workplace, we find the idea of the university at its best. What we mean by being idle or idling is a kind of work and thinking that goes beyond the preset terms of ‘work-programming and work-controlling apparatuses’, a phrase that we take from media theorist Vilem Flusser (2000, p. 25) and that includes any corporate apparatus, including the university. The remapping of our lives according to the possibilities enabled by new technologies must indeed be the object of our teaching and research in the university—but this remapping cannot exclude the university in which that teaching and research takes place. Our brief, then, is to consider the history of the idea of the university, the means by which the value of education can be assessed, and the design drive of neoliberal technocapitalism as enacted in the 'idea' of university today. This means recasting the obsolete humanities/science divide in the light of emerging knowledge-practices, in particular, the networks of distributed intelligence that constitute the new neural academy .
Mechanism of action of pyridazine analogues on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B).

The inhibitory effect on PTP1B caused by the addition of pyridazine analogues has been investigated. Biophysical techniques, that is, mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used for the characterization. Pyridazine analogues cause catalytic oxidation of the reducing agent, generating hydrogen peroxide that oxidizes the active site cysteine on the enzyme, leading to enzyme inactivation. Two additional compound classes show the same effect. We found one common structural feature in these molecules that allows the reaction with triplet molecular oxygen to be less endothermic. A proposed mechanism for the catalytic redox cycle is described.
Regional Geological Background,Ore-Forming Characters and Metallogeny of Songxi Silver Deposit,East Guangdong

The Songxi silver deposit is located in the north segment of the late Paleozoic Meixian-Huiyang depression zone in the East Guangdong,at the margin of the late Jurassic terrestrial volcanogenic basins. There are two large scale silver polymetallic deposits as well as many ore spots in the east Guangdong,which is a metallogenic province of nonferrous metals and silver. A study on the metallogeny of the deposit from regional geology is helpful for the recognition of metallogenic characters and ore exploration in the area. The regional metallogenic geological background shows that tectonic and magmatic activities in the east Guangdong are most intense in late Jurassic. Many terrestrial volcanic eruption basins are distributed along an deep fault zone. The rock-forming substances of the volcanic rocks were originated from the lower crust. The geological exploration has shown that the vein orebodies controlled by faults occur between the lower and the middle Jurassic. The textures and structures of the ores as well as the alteration zoning indicate that it is a typical hydrothermal deposit. The Pb isotopic composition is of mixture lead of both the crust and the mantle,showing that the ore-forming substances should be originated from deep magma. The S isotopic compositions of the ores,H-O isotopes of the ore-forming vein quartz and the C isotopic compositions of the vein calcite indicate that the ore-forming fluid is mainly originated from magma. Based on the mineralization and alteration characters,origins of the ore-forming substances and ore-forming fluid,combined with the regional metallogenic geological background,the magmatic distribution and magmatic composition,it is proposed in the paper that the deposit is closely related with the late Jurassic terrestrial facies volcanism,belonging to the terrestrial facies volcanogenic post-magmatic hydrothermal deposit.
A semiconductor industry perspective on future directions in ECE education

This paper looks at changes in the education of engineers made necessary by unprecedented challenges within the semiconductor industry, from the perspective of a not-for-profit consortium of semiconductor manufacturers. To design and implement curricula to serve as a basis for the 40-year career of engineering graduates is a daunting challenge in this rapidly evolving environment. The authors propose ten principles that should be of use in connecting the graduates of today with the engineering careers of tomorrow.
Market Deregulation and Optimal Monetary Policy in a Monetary Union

The wave of crises that began in 2008 reheated the debate on market deregulation as a tool to improve economic performance. This paper addresses the consequences of increased flexibility in goods and labor markets for the conduct of monetary policy in a monetary union. We model a two-country monetary union with endogenous product creation, labor market frictions, and price and wage rigidities. Regulation affects producer entry costs, employment protection, and unemployment benefits. We first characterize optimal monetary policy when regulation is high in both countries and show that the Ramsey allocation requires significant departures from price stability both in the long run and over the business cycle. Welfare gains from the Ramsey-optimal policy are sizable. Second, we show that the adjustment to market reform requires expansionary policy to reduce transition costs. Third, deregulation reduces static and dynamic inefficiencies, making price stability more desirable. International synchronization of reforms can eliminate policy tradeoffs generated by asymmetric deregulation.
My Sister Who Travels

My Sister Who Travels is a group exhibition of six contemporary women artists who use lens-based media. Each in her own way challenges canonical representations of landscape photography, and their works are presented alongside archival photographs by Esther Van Deman, a Victorian archaeologist, whose work acts as a fulcrum for the project. 
 
Often straying from the conventional tropes of Romanticism, the landscapes presented in this exhibition focus on the Mediterranean as a place that visually articulates concerns of memory, conflict, colonisation, migration, emptiness and expanse. From Corinne Silva’s Moroccan-within-Spanish wastelands in Imported Landscapes (2010), to Paola Yacoub’s invisible remnants of the Lebanese Civil War in Elegiac Landscapes (2001), Ursula Schulz-Dornburg’s photographs of Syria (2010) and Jananne Al Ani’s stills from her aerial film Shadow Sites II (2011), the works evoke layers of imperialism and history, alongside prescient ruin and destruction. In video works by Noor Abed and Halida Boughriet, the picturesque evaporates, as questions of economic and political migration surface through human narratives of movement. These ‘moving photographs’, like their still counterparts, explore political inequalities between the Global North and the Global South. 
 
Esther Van Deman’s near-forensic photographs of bricks, walls and aqueducts from the early twentieth century – taken in Italy, Tunisia and Algeria – anchor the exhibition within a historical dimension. Their juxtaposition with the contemporary work emphasises alternative modes of envisioning landscape. In combination, these historical and contemporary practices create oddly displaced representations of familiar geographies. 
 
Until recently, landscape photography has been traditionally considered a gendered Western genre, co-opted by the masculine eye. By focusing on the different ways in which contemporary women artists engage politically with post-colonial themes in their practices, My Sister Who Travels brings to light unstated narratives of landscape. 
 
My Sister Who Travels 
Curated by Martina Caruso 
The Mosaic Rooms, London 
18.07.14 – 30.08.14
Historical consciousness in contemporary society. Popular historical culture in the Netherlands, 1945-2000

The presence of history in everyday life is so ubiquitous that it hardly raises attention. Professional historians merely assume a general interest in the past, but is this assumption true? How can interest in history be defined? These are problematic questions that many historians have hardly pondered upon. The possibility should be considered that the historical interest of the lay public may differ significantly from the professional perception. Only in recent decades have historians begun to probe this issue. Since the early 1970’s, a limited but growing number of studies devoted to the manner in which non-historians perceive and relate to history have been undertaken. These studies have mainly been pursued in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. 
Complaints about the lack of scientific attention devoted to the public conception of history have encouraged the composition of a variety of literature about the role of history in popular culture. Dutch scholars started to take an interest in this issue in the 1980's, influenced by several foreign publications. Unfortunately, the literary efforts of Dutch scholars have been brief and fragmentary. There are some detailed and well researched works about the memory of World War II, but what lacks is a comprehensive survey of the theoretical concepts of historical culture linked to broader empirical studies on this subject. The doctoral dissertation which is summarized in this article ( Kees Ribbens, Een eigentijds verleden. Alledaagse historische cultuur in Nederland, 1945-2000 (Hilversum [Verloren] 2002) 381 p.) attempts to bridge this gap by focusing on the concept of popular historical culture as a framework in which the general public (not consisting of professional historians) integrates and processes history into everyday life. This popular historical culture is as diverse as the population concerned.