nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The King's Bedpost: Reformation and Iconography in a Tudor Group Portrait

List of illustrations Preface 1. Edward VI and the Pope 2. A painting of 1549-49? 3. The council in 1547 4. The Memorial of Lord Darnley: another text-picture 5. The young Josiah 6. Bible illustrations 7. Josiah in art 8. Maarten van Heemskerck 9. Edward VI and Heemskerck 10. Bedpost and column 11. The idolatry of Rome 12. Elizabeth and iconoclasm 13. The queen's idol 14. London's idol 15. Elizabeth as Hezekiah 16. Tudor group portraits 17. The falling Pope 18. John Foxe and The Acts and Monuments of 1570 19. Marcus Gheeraerts the elder 20. Hadrianus Junius 21. Junius, Heemskerck, and Elizabeth 22. Junius, Foxe, and the Howards 23. Idolatry again 24. Sequel 25.
Chemical changes in casein heated with and without d-glucose in the powdered state or in an aqueous solution

Chemical changes in casein, heated either in the presence or the absence of d -glucose at 50 or 75°C in a powdered state at 75% relative humidity (RH), or in an aqueous solution, were investigated. During heating, colour development, the formation of polymerised products and severe decomposition of amino acid residues occurred. In the powder reaction system, mainly basic amino acids decomposed whereas, in the solution system, all amino acids were uniformly decomposed. In addition, small amounts of free amino acids and low molecular weight peptides (below MW 500) were detected, these amounts being greater in the solution system, suggesting that non-enzymic cleavage of peptide linkage occurred. These changes were observed both in the absence and in the presence of glucose but glucose promoted such changes.
Playing for stakes : German-language drama in social context

Modern drama is alive, or the duck inside the wolf, H. Lenz naturalism and melodrama - Gerhart Hauptmann's "Die Weber" (The Weavers), H.J. Schmidt expressionist melodrama and the search for new forms of expression, H. Steger Strindberg's return - "The Ghost Sonata" and Strindberg's influence on modern European theatre, R. Grimm moving pictures - photographs and photographic meaning in Karl Kraus's "The Last Days of Humanity", L. Lensing theatre as the conscience of society - Erwin Piscator's "Interim Achievement", B. Elling the new woman of the 20s - "Hoppla! Such is Life!" and "The Merry Vineyard", B.D. Wright myth, matriarchy and Maennerphantasie - rereading Grillparzer's "Libussa", A.K. Kuhn Johann Nestroy - the revolution on the stage, G.H. Weiss Arthur Schnitzler's "The Way to the Pond" - the dramatic summing up, D.G. Daviau the playwright as ideologue - Franz Xaver Kroetz's "Maria Magdalena", E. Neuse and Ralph Ley "Das geht net so weida" - Herbert Berger's "Nasty Plays", E. Schwarz Elfreide Jelinek's "Burtheater" - language as exorcism, G.W. Reinhardt.
[General practitioner and mental diseases among children and adolescents].

Child and adolescent psychiatry in primary health care is scarcely investigated. The purpose of this article is to describe some aspects of the role of the general practitioner in the care of young patients with psychiatric problems.



Data were collected from four focus group interviews with 19 general practitioners. The material was analysed in a phenomenological perspective. The aim was to develop new and documented descriptions seen from the participants' point of view, interpreted within the framework of available knowledge about care for children and adolescents with psychiatric problems.



The general practitioner is in a good position to provide psychiatric care for these patients because of his or her unique knowledge about the families and the local communities. They have their patients' confidence and acquired skills from their unselected practice to recognise serious and abnormal conditions. The majority of the informants did not feel sufficiently skilled in order to treat more specific child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Some informants were actively involved in multidisciplinary networks concerning their young patients, while others were neither involved nor informed about it. In addition, local health and welfare services to a lesser extent involved these doctors. Because of this, children and adolescents who might have been assessed and treated in primary health care could be referred directly to specialists. A need for guidance and updating on relevant knowledge from the specialist health care was expressed. From the results we might assume that specialists might give some general practitioners the professional security needed in order to take on the role of medical co-coordinator of the multidisciplinary services to young patients with mental health problems.
A Framework For Analyzing Mobile Telecommunications Market Development

Current research focuses on the dynamics of mobile telecommunications market either from the perspectives of technology innovation or service adoption. However, because there is a mutual dependency between them, each perspective alone can only partly explain the pace and direction of change we currenly witness in this market. This article combines them into one framework to pursue a holistic understanding of mobile telecommunications market innvoation. To test its explanatory power, we apply this framework to dissecting the case of China based on second-hand data. It concludes that our model enables a systematic description on the mutual influence of infrastructure innovation and innovation adoption that moves beyond unilateral accounts. Our framework also captures the interplay between mobile telecommunications market and the social network formed by interrelated providers, users and institutions.
Murder in Alexandria: The Gender, Sexual and Class Politics of Criminality in Egypt, 1914 - 1921

Author(s): Takla, Nefertiti Mary | Advisor(s): Green, Nile; Gallagher, Nancy |  My dissertation analyzes the effects of World War I on the port city of Alexandria, Egypt through the investigation and trial of a serial murder case that took place in 1920 - 21. The victims of the serial murders were seventeen women who had engaged in clandestine sex work in Alexandria during the war, and their death marked the rise of domestic trafficking networks in interwar Egypt. Two of the female accomplices to the murders, Raya and Sakina, became scapegoats for the crime and were the first women in Egyptian history to receive the death penalty. Numerous Egyptian films, TV shows and comedies have been produced about these murders in recent decades, and the case is still widely known throughout the Middle East today as "Raya and Sakina." Despite the many afterlives of this case, no historian has studied the two thousand pages of handwritten legal records that were produced about these murders. My dissertation utilizes the records of the Egyptian National Archives and Library, the microfilm collection of the National Judicial Studies Center in Egypt, and the digitized materials of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina to analyze the case in its broader historical context. I argue that the murder of the clandestine sex workers and the execution of Raya and Sakina marked the formation of new relationships of power between workers, the state, and an expanding middle class, and new discursive relationships between gender, sexuality, class and criminality. This study examines how these relationships were institutionalized legally, materially, spatially, and discursively, leading to the spread of middle-class modernity in Egypt and the beginning of the end of cosmopolitan Alexandria.
A Formal and Run-Time Framework for the Adaptation of Local Behaviours to Match a Global Property

We address the problem of automatically identifying what local properties the agents of a Cyber Physical System have to satisfy to guarantee a global required property \(\phi \). To enrich the picture, we consider properties where, besides qualitative requirements on the actions to be performed, we assume a weight associated with them: quantitative properties are specified through a weighted modal-logic. We propose both a formal machinery based on a Quantitative Partial Model Checking function on contexts, and a run-time machinery that algorithmically tries to check if the local behaviours proposed by the agents satisfy \(\phi \). The proposed approach can be seen as a run-time decomposition, privacy-sensitive in the sense agents do not have to disclose their full behaviour.
Microstructural and electrical properties of PbTIO3 screen-printed thick films

In this article we will study the structural and electrical properties of PbTiO3 (PTO) screen-printed thick films. These properties can change with synthetic routes employed for synthesis of PTO. The ceramic powder has been synthesized by mechanical alloying and solid state route. This material crystallizes in the tetragonal system, with space group P4mm and unit cell dimensions a = b = 3.904, c = 4.152 Å, and Z = 1. From our results, it was observed that PTO obtained by mechanical alloying provides smaller crystallite size. The Rietveld refinement showed that the samples synthesized by mechanical alloying and solid state route crystallize in the tetragonal system but with different cell parameters. The Raman shifts of these films agree with modes from literature. However, some displacements happen, because the morphology and structural characteristics of the thick films are different, compared to single crystal and thin film. The photomicrographs of the PTO thick films showed that the choice of synthetic routes obtained samples with different microstructures.
The International Baccalaureate and ‘growth scepticism’: a ‘social limits’ framework

The number of schools offering the programmes of the International Baccalaureate (IB) hit 3000 in July 2010. Since 2004 the IB has aimed for further growth within a ‘wider access’ and ‘greater impact’ paradigm. A further 7000 schools are expected to be involved by 2020. However, there is now considerable concern about growth, especially within the ‘international school movement’ who see it as compromising quality. This recent phenomenon can be termed ‘growth scepticism’ in the same way economic growth is now questioned as desirable. This paper charts this development and argues there is room for a much wider framework of analysis, viewing the global growth of the IB within a social and moral lens. This paper takes the economist Fred Hirsch’s 1976 book The social limits to growth as its core theoretical framework, linking growth to potential social externalities such as increased competition and the commercialization of society.
Respecting the culture: undertaking focus groups in Oman:

Theorizing about how culture influences planned group formation and interaction can be tested through using focus groups as a research method. This article is not about the Omani population, but in higher education, it is useful to depict evaluative research as being cosmopolitan in its approach. Data obtained from eleven focus groups conducted in Oman with nurses assisted the authors of this paper to embrace what it means to respect another culture and enable understanding of that culture. The premise about reflexive methods is to promote the voices of the research team and by reporting a team approach a broader voice can be heard. This paper aims to inform an international audience that taking a traditional perspective when using focus groups can be stereotyped by cultural assumptions. Such stereotypical assumptions did not represent the reality of the design; the study was structured to be culturally sensitive and fit for purpose. Such assumptions can be dismissed if participants are given a choice wit...
Einstein’s Investigations of Galilean Covariant Electrodynamics Prior to 1905

Einstein learned from the magnet and conductor thought experiment how to use field transformation laws to extend the covariance of Maxwell’s electrodynamics. If he persisted in his use of this device, he would have found that the theory cleaves into two Galilean covariant parts, each with different field transformation laws. The tension between the two parts reflects a failure not mentioned by Einstein: that the relativity of motion manifested by observables in the magnet and conductor thought experiment does not extend to all observables in electrodynamics. An examination of Ritz’s work shows that Einstein’s early view could not have coincided with Ritz’s on an emission theory of light, but only with that of a conveniently reconstructed Ritz. One Ritz-like emission theory, attributed by Pauli to Ritz, proves to be a natural extension of the Galilean covariant part of Maxwell’s theory that happens also to accommodate the magnet and conductor thought experiment. Einstein’s famous chasing a light beam thought experiment fails as an objection to an ether-based, electrodynamical theory of light. However it would allow Einstein to formulate his general objections to all emission theories of light in a very sharp form. Einstein found two well known experimental results of 18th and 19th century optics compelling (Fizeau’s experiment, stellar aberration), while the accomplished Michelson-Morley experiment played no memorable role. I suggest they owe their importance to their providing a direct experimental grounding for Lorentz‘ local time, the precursor of Einstein’s relativity of simultaneity, and doing it essentially independently of electrodynamical theory. I attribute Einstein’s success to his determination to implement a principle of relativity in electrodynamics, but I urge that we not invest this stubbornness with any mystical prescience.
String cosmology versus standard and inflationary cosmology

This paper presents a review of the basic, model-independent differences between the pre-big-bang scenario, arising naturally in a string cosmology context, and the standard inflationary scenario. We use an unconventional approach in which the introduction of technical details is avoided as much as possible, trying to focus the reader's attention on the main conceptual aspects of both scenarios. The aim of the paper is not to conclude either in favour of one or other of the scenarios, but to raise questions that are left to the reader's meditation.  the paper does not contain equations, and is not intended as a complete review of all aspects of string cosmology.
A further exploration of teaching ethics in the software engineering curriculum

The importance of teaching topics related to ethics within software engineering programs is highlighted especially in the light of the guiding principles for the Software Engineering volume of the Computing Curricula 2001 and the requirements of professional bodies when accrediting programs. A new work that extends the original investigation is outlined. The work centers on the why, what and how questions concerned with current ethics education in software engineering programs. Details of innovative strategies that are being employed to support the teaching of ethics in professional programs are also provided.
Resource Selection for Tasks with Time Requirements Using Spectral Clustering

Resource selection and task assignment are basic operations in distributed computing environments, like the grid and the cloud, where tasks compete for resources. The decisions made by the corresponding algorithms should be judged based not only on metrics related to user satisfaction, such as the percentage of tasks served without violating their quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, but also based on resource-related performance metrics, such as the number of resources used to serve the tasks and their utilization efficiency. In our work, we focus on the case of tasks with fixed but not strict time requirements, given in the form of a requested start and finish time. We propose an algorithm for assigning tasks to resources that minimizes the violations of the tasks' time requirements while simultaneously maximizing the resources' utilization efficiency for a given number of resources. The exact time scheduling of the tasks on the resources is then decided by taking into account the time constraints. The proposed scheme exploits concepts derived from graph partitioning, and groups together tasks so as to 1) minimize the time overlapping of the tasks assigned to a given resource and 2) maximize the time overlapping among tasks assigned to different resources. The partitioning is performed using a spectral clustering methodology through normalized cuts. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other scheduling algorithms for different values of the granularity and the load of the task requests.
A Generic Exact Solver for Vehicle Routing and Related Problems

Major advances were recently obtained in the exact solution of Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs). Sophisticated Branch-Cut-and-Price (BCP) algorithms for some of the most classical VRP variants now solve many instances with up to a few hundreds of customers. However , adapting and reimplementing those successful algorithms for other variants can be a very demanding task. This work proposes a BCP solver for a generic model that encompasses a wide class of VRPs. It incorporates the key elements found in the best recent VRP algorithms: ng-path relaxation, rank-1 cuts with limited memory, and route enumeration; all generalized through the new concept of "packing set". This concept is also used to derive a new branch rule based on accumulated resource consumption and to generalize the Ryan and Foster branch rule. Extensive experiments on several variants show that the generic solver has an excellent overall performance, in many problems being better than the best existing specific algorithms. Even some non-VRPs, like bin packing, vector packing and generalized assignment, can be modeled and effectively solved.
CRM SCALE DEVELOPMENT & VALIDATIONIN INDIAN BANKING SECTOR

The aim of this paper is to develop a reliable and valid CRM (Customer relationship management) scale specifically catering to Indian banking sector. An exhaustive review of literature on CRM was followed by depth interview and questionnaire survey. Exploratory factor analysis was followed by confirmatory factor analysis, which was presented in three forms; the single factor model, covariance model and the structural model. The covariance model shows CRM in Indian banking sector as a multidimensional construct comprising of factors namely organizational structure and customer support, service quality, trust, technology, personalization and market orientation. The structural model validates the previously extracted factors along with their indicators. The findings of this study validate the long held belief that CRM is a multidimensional construct and serves as a critical success factor for business performance. Since this study was conducted in context of Indian banking sector, the generalizability of the CRM scale has to be tested in other countries. A fair amount of literature on Indian banking sector dealt with identifying factors explaining the constructs of quality, value or satisfaction. But there is paucity of research pertaining to industry specific CRM scale development and validation. This study is an attempt to bridge this gap in the existing literature. It provides a conceptually validated CRM scale catering to Indian banking sector, which can help the managers in implementing the CRM in an effective manner and also can be used as a tool to identify the major areas requiring attention.
Non locality, Topology, Formal languages: New Global Tools to Handle Large Data Sets

The basic idea that stems out of this work is that large sets of data can be handled through an organized set of mathematical and computational tools rooted in a global geometric vision of data space allowing to explore the structure and hidden information patterns thereof. Based on this perspective, the objective is naturally that of discovering and letting emerge, directly from probing the data space, the manifold hidden relations (patterns), e.g. correlations among facts, interactions among entities, relations among concepts and formally describing, in a semantic mining context, the discovered information. In this note, we propose an approach that exploits topological methods for classifying global information into equivalence classes and regular languages for describing the corresponding automaton as element an of hidden complex system.
Microstructure development and electrical properties of RuO2-based lead-free thick film resistors

Lead-free thick film resistive compositions suitable for hybrid microelectronics were prepared. The compositions were made with RuO2 as the conducting phase and bismuthate glasses. This blend of bismuthate glasses constitutes a suitable choice for avoiding negative effects such as devitrification, bleeding out of the glass on alumina substrates, anomalous distribution of conductive grains in the glassy matrix and phase separation observed in other systems. The morphology, microstructure and electrical properties have been studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) show that a defect pyrochlore phase of bismuth titanate formed at about 700 °C in all the compositions studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the original RuO2 powder shows that a single grain is made of many smaller grains of different crystalline orientations. The sheet resistance spans two decades by changing the RuO2 fraction from about 14–52 wt%. The resistors exhibit good reproducibility and their temperature coefficient of resistance is in the range of  ± 300 ppm/°C.
Population Dispersal: Forecasting and Reality in the 4 Million Population Plan for Israel

Population dispersal plans have been found to achieve only limited success throughout the world. The Israeli case deserves special attention because of Israel's political economy, policies, population structure, and plan monitoring. The 4 million population plan for Israel with a target year of 1981 is presented and analyzed in comparison with reality. The plan, approved by government, called for modest continued population diffusion from the highly urbanized coastal plain to outlying regions. Although the forecast for the total population was almost accurate, the ratio between Jewish and Arab populations was different from that predicted because the behavior of parameters was different from that assumed. The geographical distribution by district has only partially achieved the planned goal. This is true also for metropolitan areas.
Showing Like a Queen: Female Authority and Literary Experiment in Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton

For most Renaissance English thinkers, queenship was a catastrophe, a political accident that threatened to emasculate an entire nation. But some English poets and playwrights proved more inventive in their responses to female authority. In Showing Like a Queen, Katherine Eggert argues that Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton turned the political problem of queenship to their advantage by using it as an occasion to experiment with new literary genres. Unlike other critics who have argued that a queen provoked only anxiety and defensiveness in her male subjects, Eggert demonstrates that even after her death Elizabeth I's forty-five-year reign enabled writers to entertain the fantasy of a counterpatriarchal realm. Eggert traces a literary history of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries in which the destabilizing anomaly of female rule enables Spenser to reshape the genre of epic romance and gives Shakespeare scope to create the ruptured dynastic epic of the history plays, the psychologized tragedy of Hamlet, and the feminized tragedies of "Antony and Cleopatra" and "The Winter's Tale." Turning to the second half of the seventeenth century, Eggert reveals how even after more than sixty years of male governance, Milton bases his marital epic Paradise Lost upon the formulae of queenship.