nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
DOEF: A Dynamic Object Evaluation Framework

In object-oriented or object-relational databases such as multimedia databases or most XML databases, access patterns are not static, i.e., applications do not always access the same objects in the same order repeatedly. However, this has been the way these databases and associated optimisation techniques like clustering have been evaluated up to now. This paper opens up research regarding this issue by proposing a dynamic object evaluation framework (DOEF) that accomplishes access pattern change by defining configurable styles of change. This preliminary prototype has been designed to be open and fully extensible. To illustrate the capabilities of DOEF, we used it to compare the performances of four state of the art dynamic clustering algorithms. The results show that DOEF is indeed effective at determining the adaptability of each dynamic clustering algorithm to changes in access pattern.
Influence of surface chemistry and protein concentration on the adsorption rate and S-layer crystal formation.

Bacterial crystalline surface layers (S-layers) are the outermost envelope of prokaryotic organisms representing the simplest biological membranes developed during evolution. In this context, the bacterial protein SbpA has already shown its intrinsic ability to reassemble on different substrates forming protein crystals of square lattice symmetry. In this work, we present the interaction between the bacterial protein SbpA and five self-assembled monolayers carrying methyl (CH(3)), hydroxyl (OH), carboxylic acid (COOH) and mannose (C(6)H(12)O(6)) as functional groups. Protein adsorption and S-layer formation have been characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) while protein adsorption kinetics, mass uptake and the protein layer viscoelastic properties were investigated with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The results indicate that the protein adsorption rate and crystalline domain area depend on surface chemistry and protein concentration. Furthermore, electrostatic interactions tune different protein rate adsorption and S-layer recrystallization pathways. Electrostatic interactions induce faster adsorption rate than hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions. Finally, the shear modulus and the viscosity of the recrystallized S-layer on CH(3)C(6)S, CH(3)C(11)S and COOHC(11)S substrates were calculated from QCM-D measurements. Protein-protein interactions seem to play a main role in the mechanical stability of the formed protein (crystal) bilayer.
ACCOUNTING CHOICE AND A THEORY OF CRISIS: THE CASES OF POST-PRIVATIZATION BRITISH TELECOM AND BRITISH GAS

In examining the accounting choices of two UK utilities, it is argued that positive accounting theory is devoid of explanatory power. In its place the paper proposes a neo-Marxist theory of crisis management, largely based on the work of Habermas. It analyses the financial statements of British Telecom and British Gas, and shows how their accounting choices may be more satisfactorily explained as responses to avoid crises that otherwise might be faced by these two entities in the general context of crisis tendencies in the UK socio-economic system.  Although these were not undertaken, the reviewers and myself think that the paper should be published. We do this hoping that it will serve to remind us of a serious and thoughtful scholar of accounting whose wisdom and contributions are very much missed.
The wave function in Quantum Mechanics

Through a new interpretation of Special Theory of Relativity and with a model given for physical space, we can find a way to understand the basic principles of Quantum Mechanics consistently from Classical Theory. It is supposed that natural phenomena have a connection with intangible reality which cannot be measured directly. Furthermore, the intangible reality is supposed as vacuum particles -- stationary vacuum electrons as a model. In addition, 4-Dimensional Complex Space is introduced, in which each dimension has an internal complex space.
Israel: Background and Relations with the United States [January 7, 2010]

On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel declared its independence and was immediately engaged in a war with all of its neighbors. Armed conflict has marked every decade of Israel's existence. Despite its unstable regional environment, Israel has developed a vibrant parliamentary democracy, albeit with relatively fragile governments. The Kadima Party placed first in the March 28, 2006, Knesset (parliament) election; Prime Minister Ehud Olmert formed a coalition government. Israel has an advanced industrial, market economy with a large government role. Israel's foreign policy is focused largely on its region, Europe, and the United States. It views Iran as an existential threat due to its nuclear ambitions and support for anti-Israel terrorists. Israel concluded peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994, but never achieved accords with Syria and Lebanon. Israel unilaterally withdrew from southern Lebanon in 2000. Hezbollah, which then took over the south, sparked a 34-day war when it kidnaped two Israeli soldiers in July 12, 2006. Israel negotiated a series of agreements with the Palestinians in the 1990s, but that process ended in 2000. In 2003, Israeli and Palestinian officials accepted the " Road Map, " an international framework for achieving a two-state solution to their conflict, but never implemented it. Israel unilaterally disengaged from the Gaza Strip in 2005 and is constructing a security barrier in the West Bank to separate from the Palestinians. Hamas's victory in 2006 Palestinian elections complicated Israeli-Palestinian relations. In June 2006, Hamas kidnaped an Israeli soldier, provoking an Israeli military offensive against Gaza. Israel resumed talks with the Palestinian Authority (PA) in June 2007, after PA President Mahmud Abbas dissolved the Hamas-led unity government in response to Hamas's military takeover of Gaza. On November 27, the international Annapolis Conference officially welcomed the renewed bilateral negotiations. Since 1948, the United States and Israel have developed a close friendship based on common democratic values, religious affinities, and security interests. U.S.-Israeli bilateral relations are multidimensional. The United States is the principal proponent of the Arab-Israeli peace process, but U.S. and Israeli views differ on some issues, such as the Golan Heights, Jerusalem, and settlements. The Bush Administration and Congress supported Israel's 2006 military campaigns against Hezbollah and Hamas as acts of self-defense. The United States and Israel concluded a free-trade agreement in 1985, and the United States is Israel's largest trading partner. Israel is a prominent recipient of U.S. foreign aid. …
Design and Protocol for Internet Accessible Mathematical Computation

Mathematical computing can become easily accessible and conveniently usable on the Internet. The distributed Internet Accessible Mathematical Computation (IAMC) system can supply mathematical computing powers widely through TCP/IP, the Web, or email. The overall IAMC architecture, a feasibility study, elements of the Mathematical Computation Protocol (MCP), the design of IAMC client and IAMC server, the server interface to compute engine, and the API design for a Java implementation of MCP are presented.
The Unspeakable Freedom Device (Film/Installation)

The Unspeakable Freedom Device is a project commissioned by Grundy Art Gallery comprising narrative film and installation that investigates new ways that art can question our perception of contemporary social reality using speculative fiction. This project explores the idea of the image of Margaret Thatcher as an after-burn on the collective memory of our culture, using the Winter Gardens, Blackpool as a key location- a Victorian palace of fantasy-entertainment and the site of political rhetoric that has shaped society. It proposes a future-primitive world in which the difference between technology and magic is incomprehensible, and a cargo-cult of Thatcher has arisen.
Elementary Introduction to Stochastic Finance in Discrete Time

This article gives an elementary introduction to stochastic finance (in discrete time). A formalization of random variables is given and some elements of Borel sets are considered. Furthermore, special functions (for buying a present portfolio and the value of a portfolio in the future) and some statements about the relation between these functions are introduced. For details see:  (p. 185), [7] (pp. 12, 20),  (pp. 3–6).
Corporate Risk around the World

Weaknesses in the corporate sector have increasingly been cited as important factors in financial crises in both emerging markets and industrial countries. Analysts have pointed to weak corporate performance and risky financing patterns as major causes of the East Asian financial crisis. And some have argued that company balance sheet problems may also have played a role, independent of macroeconomic or other weaknesses, including poor corporate sector performance. But little is known about the empirical importance of firm financing choices in predicting and explaining financial instability. Firm financing patterns have long been studied by the corporate finance literature. Financing patterns have traditionally been analyzed in the Modigliani-Miller framework, expanded to incorporate taxes and bankruptcy costs. More recently, asymmetric information issues have drawn attention to agency costs and their impact on firm financing choices. There is also an important literature relating financing patterns to firm performance and governance. Several recent studies have focused on identifying systematic cross-country differences in firm financing patterns - and the effects of these differences on financial sector development and economic growth. They have also examined the causes of different financing patterns, particularly countries' legal and institutional environments. The literature has devoted little attention to corporate sector risk characteristics, however, aside from leverage and debt maturity considerations. Even these measures have been the subject of few empirical investigations, mainly because of a paucity of data on corporate sectors around the world. Building on data that have recently become available, the authors try to fill this gap in the literature and shed light on the risk characteristics of corporate sectors around the world. They investigate how corporate sectors' financial and operating structures relate to the institutional environment in which they operate, using data for more than 11,000 firms in 46 countries. They show that: 1) the origins of a country's laws, the strength of its equity and creditor rights, and the nature of its financial system can account for the degree of corporate risk-taking. 2) In particular, corporations in common law countries and market-based financial systems have less risky financing patterns. 3) Stronger protection of equity and creditor rights is also associated with less financial risk.
String model description of polarisation and angular distributions in ¯pp → ¯ΛΛ at low energies

The observed polarisation of Λ hyperons from the inclusive pA → ΛX reaction at high energies has previously been well described within the Lund string model through polarised s¯s quark pair production in the string breaking hadronisation process. This model is here applied to the exclusive ¯pp → ¯ΛΛ reaction at low energies and compared to available data sets down to an incident-beam momentum of 1.835 GeV/c. This required an extension of the diquark scattering model to involve three components: an isotropic part relevant close to the threshold, a spectator part and a forward-scattering part as in pA → ΛX at high energies. The observed angular distributions are then reproduced and, for momentum transfers above | t'| = 0.2 GeV2, agreement with the measured polarisation is also obtained.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CAPACITIES AND THE BORN GLOBAL COMPANIES

Os negocios internacionais tem aumentado nos ultimos anos, particularmente o das pequenas e medias empresas, gatinhando pela abertura dos mercados e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias da informacao e das comunicacoes. Nesse contexto tem surgido um novo tipo de empresas denominadas born globals, as quais nao tem passado pelos processos tradicionais de internacionalizacao de etapas, e desde seu nascimento ja sao internacionais. Neste paper, se descrevem as teorias que explicam este novo fenomeno, as principais caracteristicas destas novas empresas, e sua relacao com as capacidades em tecnologias da informacao (TI), que lhes permite gerar vantagens competitivas nos processos de insercao nos mercados internacionais.
Effect of a scale-dependent cosmological term on the motion of small test particles in a Schwarzschild background

It was recently suggested that the gravitational action could contain a scale-dependent cosmological term, depending on the length or momentum scale characteristic of the processes under consideration. In this work we explore a simple possible consequence of this assumption. We compute the field generated in empty space by a static spherical source (the Schwarzschild metric), using the modified action. The resulting static potential turns out to contain a tiny non-Newtonian component which depends on the size of the test particles. The possible relevance of this small correction for the analysis of the recent Pioneers data [J.D. Anderson et al.,  (1998) 2858] is briefly discussed.
Exploring the heat-induced structural changes of β-lactoglobulin -linoleic acid complex by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling techniques

Linoleic acid (LA) is the precursor of bioactive oxidized linoleic acid metabolites and arachidonic acid, therefore is essential for human growth and plays an important role in good health in general. Because of the low water solubility and sensitivity to oxidation, new ways of LA delivery without compromising the sensory attributes of the enriched products are to be identified. The major whey protein, β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), is a natural carrier for hydrophobic molecules. The thermal induced changes of the β-Lg-LA complex were investigated in the temperature range from 25 to 85 °C using fluorescence spectroscopy techniques in combination with molecular modeling study and the results were compared with those obtained for β-Lg. Experimental results indicated that, regardless of LA binding, the polypeptide chain rearrangements at temperatures higher than 75 °C lead to higher exposure of hydrophobic residues causing the increase of fluorescence intensity. Phase diagram indicated an all or none transition between two conformations. The LA surface involved in the interaction with β-Lg was about 497 Ǻ2, indicating a good affinity between those two components even at high temperatures. Results obtained in this study provide important details about heat-induced changes in the conformation of β-Lg-LA complex. The thermal treatment at high temperature does not affect the LA binding and carrier functions of β-Lg.
Instrumental multi-element analysis in plant materials: A modern method in environmental chemistry and tropical systems research

This chapter describes possibilities of using instrumental multi-element methods to answer various ecological questions. Emphasis is placed on the ecosystem-related approach and thus on comparison of various ecosystems and their compartments. The basis for this is a project by the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS) aimed at establishing “element concentration catalogues in ecosystems” (ECCEs). In principle, the intention is to collect data on the world-wide distribution of individual elements and element species in various ecosystems. Synthetic reference systems (reference plant, reference freshwater, etc.) in the form of chemical fingerprints can provide important aids for the chemical characterization of many different environmental specimens. From the point of view of both toxicology and nutrient physiology such a characterization of ecosystems is expected to provide important information on the concentrations, effects and reactions of individual elements in different systems. Interest has so far been focused mainly on data from the northern hemisphere, but from the biogeochemical viewpoint the scope urgently needs to be extended to cover tropical and subtropical systems.
Ectopic pregnancy and occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs

The incidence of ectopic pregnancy has risen substantially during the past two decades, but the aetiology of a third of cases remains unknown. We have used data from a survey of nurses in Paris, France, to examine the relation between ectopic pregnancy and various occupational exposures. We studied two groups of women--operating-theatre staff and nurses from other departments. The women were asked about outcomes of all pregnancies and occupational exposure to anaesthetic gases, formol, ionising radiation, and antineoplastic drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy. Of 734 pregnancies reported, 15 (2%) had been ectopic. In chi-square analysis, there were significant associations (p < 0.02) between ectopic pregnancy and exposure to antineoplastic drugs, the woman's age, and the number of previous pregnancies. Other occupational exposures and working in an operating theatre did not show significant associations. In logistic regression analysis with adjustment for gravidity, the odds ratio (by the exact method) for ectopic pregnancy associated with occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs was 10.0 (95% CI 2.1-56.2). Because we had only small numbers of ectopic pregnancies, the odds ratios we estimated have wide confidence intervals. Our findings should be confirmed by a larger study specifically designed to investigate the relation between antineoplastic exposure and ectopic pregnancy.
Truth or Consequences: An Analysis of Vaporware and New Product Announcements

The software industry practice of announcing new products well in advance of actual market availability has led to allegations that firms are intentionally engaging in vaporware. The possible predatory and anticompetitive implications of this behavior recently surfaced in the antitrust case United States v. Microsoft Corporation. Taking the perspective that a new product announcement is a strategic signal among firms, the authors consider the possibility that intentional vaporware is a way to dissuade competitors from developing similar new products. An examination of empirical data for the software industry suggests that some firms use vaporware in a strategic manner. The authors then formulate and analyze the preannouncement and introduction timing decisions in a game-theoretic model of two competing firms. They find that vaporware can be a way for a dominant firm to signal its product development costs and that intentional vaporware can deter entry. The authors also show that there is a curvil...
Why so? or Why no? Functional Causality for Explaining Query Answers

In this paper, we propose causality as a unified framework to explain query answers and non-answers, thus generalizing and extending several previously proposed approaches of provenance and missing query result explanations. We develop our framework starting from the well-studied definition of actual causes by Halpern and Pearl [13]. After identifying some undesirable characteristics of the original definition, we propose functional causes as a refined definition of causality with several desirable properties. These properties allow us to apply our notion of causality in a database context and apply it uniformly to define the causes of query results and their individual contributions in several ways: (i) we can model both provenance as well as nonanswers, (ii) we can define explanations as either data in the input relations or relational operations in a query plan, and (iii) we can give graded degrees of responsibility to individual causes, thus allowing us to rank causes. In particular, our approach allows us to explain contributions to relational aggregate functions and to rank causes according to their respective responsibilities. We give complexity results and describe polynomial algorithms for evaluating causality in tractable cases. Throughout the paper, we illustrate the applicability of our framework with several examples. Overall, we develop in this paper the theoretical foundations of causality theory in a database context.
SPHINCS: Practical Stateless Hash-Based Signatures

This paper introduces a high-security post-quantum stateless hash-based signature scheme that signs hundreds of messages per second on a modern 4-core 3.5GHz Intel CPU. Signatures are 41~KB, public keys are 1~KB, and private keys are 1~KB. The signature scheme is designed to provide long-term $2^{128}$ security even against attackers equipped with quantum computers. Unlike most hash-based designs, this signature scheme is stateless, allowing it to be a drop-in replacement for current signature schemes.  post-quantum cryptography, one-time signatures, few-time signatures, hypertrees, vectorized implementation
CVD growth and field electron emission of aligned carbon nanotubes on oxidized Inconel plates without addition of catalyst

Direct growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on Inconel 600 sheets was investigated using plasma enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition in a gas mixture of methane and hydrogen. The Inconel 600 sheets were oxidized at different temperatures (800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C) before CNT deposition. The structure and surface morphology of the pre-treated substrate sheets and the deposited CNTs were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. The field electron emission (FEE) properties of the CNTs were also tested. The SEM results show that well aligned CNTs have been grown on the pre-treated Inconel sheets without addition of any catalysts and the higher treatment temperature resulted in CNTs with better uniformity, indicating that the oxidation pre-treatment of the substrate is effective to enhance the CNT growth. FEE testing shows that CNTs with better height uniformity exhibit better FEE characteristics.
The Intellectual Legacy of Thorstein Veblen: Unresolved Issues

Preface Acknowledgments Veblen's "Social Marginality" and "Intellectual Iconoclasm" Veblen, Darwin, and Biology Veblen's Psychology and Its Doctrinal Roots Veblen and American Pragmatism: The Case of John Dewey Kant, Veblen, and the Aesthetics of Heterodox Economics Veblen and the Industrial Republic: The Path to the Future Veblen and the New Deal Resolving the Problematic: Veblen's Eclectic Originality Bibliography
Ready to preorder: an algebraic and general proof

There have been quite a few proposals for behavioural equivalences for concurrent processes, and many of them are presented in Van Glabbeek’s linear time-branching time spectrum. Since their original definitions are based on rather different ideas, proving general properties of them all would seem to require a case-by-case study. However, the use of their axiomatizations allows a uniform treatment that might produce general proofs of those properties. Recently Aceto, Fokkink and Ingolfsdottir have presented a very interesting result: for any process preorder coarser than the ready simulation in the linear time-branching time spectrum they show how to get an axiomatization of the induced equivalence. Unfortunately, their proof is not uniform and requires a case-by-case analysis. Following the algebraic approach suggested above, in this paper we present a much simpler proof of that result which, in addition, is more general and totally uniform, so that it does not need to consider one by one the different semantics in the spectrum.
Threebranes in Twelve Dimensions

Recently we have seen great increases in the understanding of non-perturbative string theory in terms of the eleven dimensional M-theory structure [1, 2]. This understanding has been greatly enhanced by the realisation that many problems may be solved by the introduction of a signature (10,2) ‘F-theory’ . To investigate this proposal further we discuss the formulation of a Green-Schwarz threebrane in twelve dimensions .