nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the Second U.S. Geological Survey workshop on the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States

The Newark Supergroup includes the largely continental elastic rocks ("red bedsn) and interbedded basaltic flow rocks of Late Triassic and Early Jurassic age that crop out in discrete elongate basins parallel to the Appalachian orogen in eastern North America (fig. 1.1). The term "Newark Supergroup" was introduced by Van Houten (1977), referring to an unpublished manuscript by Olsen, to replace "Newark Group" (Redfield, 1856). a term that had been widely used but frequently misapplied in a time-stratigraphic sense (Klein, 1962). The use of the term "Newark Supergroup" preserves a well-established name (North American Stratigraphic Code, art. 7: c), which has increasingly been applied outside the U.S. Geological Survey to the rocks in all of the exposed basins (Geological Society of America, 1983). The Newark Supergroup is a formal assemblage of related group and formations (North American Stratigraphic Code, art. 29) with close lithologic and structural relationship that are implied through use of the supergroup designation. The term was clearly redefined by Olsen (1978) and was expanded to include subsurface red beds of early Mesozoic age beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Continental Shelf. As these subsurface rocks are poorly understood and apparently of diverse age, lithol-
Neural methods for non-standard data

Standard pattern recognition provides effective and noise-tolerant tools for machine learning tasks; however, most approaches only deal with real vectors of a finite and fixed dimensionality. In this tutorial paper, we give an overview about extensions of pattern recognition towards non-standard data which are not contained in a finite dimensional space, such as strings, sequences, trees, graphs, or functions. Two major directions can be distinguished in the neural networks literature: models can be based on a similarity measure adapted to non-standard data, including kernel methods for structures as a very prominent approach, but also alternative metric based algorithms and functional networks; alternatively, non-standard data can be processed recursively within supervised and unsupervised recurrent and recursive networks and fully recurrent systems.
Transcending neoliberalism : community-based development in Latin America

Transcending Neoliberalism examines the dynamics of change in Latin America arising out of the search for alternative forms of development. Over the past two decades, in the context of an epoch-defining process of globalization, a form of development has emerged that moves beyond the neoliberal focus on both market and state - one that reaches back for ideas into communities that have been created within rural and urban societies of developing and developed areas. The dynamics of this search both in theory and practice are complex. Editors Henry Veltmeyer and Anthony O'Malley have constructed a volume with contributions from top scholars, framed by essays exploring critical dimensions of the community-based economic development process.
Information Use and the International Intellectual Property Protection in Big Data Era

The era of big data, huge amounts of information provides convenient conditions for production and life. Big data has a huge amount of data and characteristic of diversity, quickness and accuracy. From an economic point of view, big data is a new type of resource, it put all into the era of knowledge economy, From a legal point of view, big data is a new type of property rights, it is in line with the international protection of intellectual property. Current our country in order to deepen reform, improve the international competition strength, made in China is to improve the protection of intellectual property rights of the data information.
Dependence in an Interdependent World: The Limited Possibilities of Transformation Within the Capitalist World Economy

“Dependence” has become the latest euphemism in a long list of such terms. No doubt its original intent was critical. The term itself emerged out of the “structuralist” theories of Latin American scholars and was meant as a rebuttal to “developmentalist” or “modernization“ theories and “monetarist” policy views. Andre Gunder Frank has traced its intellectual origins and its limitations in a recent combative paper entitled “Dependence is dead; long live dependence and the class struggle.” We live in a capitalist world economy, one that took definitive shape as a European world economy in the sixteenth century (see Wallerstein 1974) and came to include the whole world geographically in the ninteenth century. Capitalism as a system of production for sale in a market for profit and appropriation of this profit on the basis of individual or collective ownership has only existed in, and can be said to require, a world system in which the political units are not co-extensive with the boundaries of the market economy. This has permitted sellers to profit from strengths in the market whenever they exist but enabled them simultaneously to seek, whenever needed, the intrusion of political entities to distort the market in their favor. Far from being a system of free competition of all sellers, it is a system in which competition becomes relatively free only when the economic advantage of upper strata is so clear-cut that the unconstrained operation of the market serves effectively to reinforce the existing system of stratification.
Electromigration characteristics for Al-Ge-Cu

K. Kikuta and T. KikkawaULSI Device Development Laboratories, NEC Corporation.1 120, Shimokuzawa, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 229, JapanABSTRACTAluminum-Germanium-Copper (Al-Ge-Cu) alloy is a promising material for interconnectionsto fill contact holes and vias using low temperature reflow sputtering due to its lower melting pointthan conventional Al alloys. The reflow temperature for contact- and via-filling decreases as theGe concentration in Al increases. The suitable Ge concentration for reflow sputtering at around 400
Thailand's struggle for democracy : the life and times of M.R. Seni Pramoj

This political biography portrays one of the world's most fascinating statesmen and depicts Thailand as a nation at war with itself. David Van Praagh traces the history of the country's often thwarted attempts to become increasingly democratic--from the 1930s until after the shocking clashes of May 1992 in the streets of Bangkok between the military and the middle class. Van Praagh also incisively compares other Southeast Asian countries' experiences with democratization and analyses the implications for Western foreign policy.
Bidirectional Transformation of Model-Driven Spreadsheets

Spreadsheets play an important role in software organizations. Indeed, in large software organizations, spreadsheets are not only used to define sheets containing data and formulas, but also to collect information from different systems, to adapt data coming from one system to the format required by another, to perform operations to enrich or simplify data, etc. In fact, over time many spreadsheets turn out to be used for storing and processing increasing amounts of data and supporting increasing numbers of users. Unfortunately, spreadsheet systems provide poor support for modularity, abstraction, and transformation, thus, making the maintenance, update and evolution of spreadsheets a very complex and error-prone task. 
 
We present techniques for model-driven spreadsheet engineering where we employ bidirectional transformations to maintain spreadsheet models and instances synchronized. In our setting, the business logic of spreadsheets is defined by ClassSheet models to which the spreadsheet data conforms, and spreadsheet users may evolve both the model and the data instances. Our techniques are implemented as part of the MDSheet framework: an extension for a traditional spreadsheet system.
Periplatform drift: The combined result of contour current and off-bank transport along carbonate platforms

Hydroacoustic and sedimentological data from the western leeward flank of the Great Bahama Bank document the interplay of off-bank sediment export, along-slope transport, and erosion, which together shape facies and thickness distribution of slope carbonates. The integrated data set depicts the combined product of these processes and allows formulation of a comprehensive model of a periplatform drift that significantly amends established models of carbonate platform slope facies distribution and geometry. The basinward-thinning wedge of the periplatform drift at the foot of the bank escarpment displays along-slope and downslope variations in sedimentary architecture. Sediments are muddy carbonate sands that coarsen basinward. The drift wedge has a pervasive cover of cyclic steps. In zones of lower contour current speed, depth-related facies belts develop, whereas strike-discontinuous sediment lobes, scarps, and gullies characterize areas with higher current speed. This understanding of the impact of currents on carbonate-slope sedimentation has wider implications for seismic and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of carbonate platforms and for applied aspects such as hydrocarbon exploration.
The twofold role of diagrams in Euclid’s plane geometry

Proposition I.1 is, by far, the most popular example used to justify the thesis that many of Euclid’s geometric arguments are diagram-based. Many scholars have recently articulated this thesis in different ways and argued for it. My purpose is to reformulate it in a quite general way, by describing what I take to be the twofold role that diagrams play in Euclid’s plane geometry (EPG). Euclid’s arguments are object-dependent. They are about geometric objects. Hence, they cannot be diagram-based unless diagrams are supposed to have an appropriate relation with these objects. I take this relation to be a quite peculiar sort of representation. Its peculiarity depends on the two following claims that I shall argue for: (i) The identity conditions of EPG objects are provided by the identity conditions of the diagrams that represent them; (ii) EPG objects inherit some properties and relations from these diagrams.
Thermoplastic blow molding of metals

While plastics have revolutionized industrial design due to their versatile processability, their relatively low strength has hampered their use in structural components. On the other hand, while metals are the basis for strong structural components, the geometries into which they can be processed are rather limited. The “ideal” material would offer a desirable combination of superior structural properties and the ability to be precision (net) shaped into complex geometries. Here we show that bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), which have superior mechanical properties, can be blow molded like plastics. The key to the enhanced processability of BMG formers is their amenability to thermoplastic forming. This allows complex BMG structures, some of which cannot be produced using any other metal process, to be net shaped precisely.
Burning issues : foundations of education

Chapter 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Preface Chapter 3 Acknowledgments Chapter 4 Introduction Part 5 Part I: Beginning with Ourselves Chapter 6 1. The Classroom Community: "To Feel Safe" Chapter 7 2.  Toward a Critical Framework of Inquiry Chapter 8 3. Details, Essential Matters, and Voice: The "Good" Teacher Part 9 Part II: Students' and Teachers' Voices Chapter 10 4. Bullying in the Elementary School Chapter 11 5. Homophobia and Diverse Sexual Orientation Chapter 12 6. Sexism and Feminist Issues  Unpacking Inequity Chapter 13 7. Diversity and Social Stratification Chapter 14 8. Anti-Discrimination Education Part 15 Part III: Toward a Pedagogy of Hope and School Change Chapter 16 9.
Technical and Structure Study of Coprecipitation Method for Nano-Titanium Dioxide

Nano-titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) have already been studied and applied in the different fields due to its special surface, quantum size effect and high photocatalysis etc super properties. As a kind of biomaterials, biocompatibility and corrosion resistant of titanium are closely related to the surface oxide films. In this paper, nano-titanium dioxide with uniform granularity was synthesized using coprecipitation method. The effects of reactant mixture ratio and sintering temperature on synthesized N-TiO2 were discussed. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to analyze structure of N-TiO2. The results showed that prepared N- TiO2 were all anatase and rutile coexistence and the larger ratio of carbamide to titanium oxysulfate (CO(NH2)2/TiOSO4) is propitious to formation of metatitanic acid (TiO(OH)2) precipitate. Meanwhile, with CO(NH2)2/TiOSO4 increasing, the start time and end time of precipitate decreased. The method used in this paper was a kind of simple process and easy to do.
Rogue waves emerging from the resonant interaction of three waves.

We introduce a novel family of analytic solutions of the three-wave resonant interaction equations for the purpose of modeling unique events, i.e., "amplitude peaks" which are isolated in space and time. The description of these solutions is likely to be a crucial step in the understanding and forecasting of rogue waves in a variety of multicomponent wave dynamics, from oceanography to optics and from plasma physics to acoustics.
Privacy-Preserving Integration of Medical Data

Medical data are often maintained by different organizations. However, detailed analyses sometimes require these datasets to be integrated without violating patient or commercial privacy. Multiparty Private Set Intersection (MPSI), which is an important privacy-preserving protocol, computes an intersection of multiple private datasets. This approach ensures that only designated parties can identify the intersection. In this paper, we propose a practical MPSI that satisfies the following requirements: The size of the datasets maintained by the different parties is independent of the others, and the computational complexity of the dataset held by each party is independent of the number of parties. Our MPSI is based on the use of an outsourcing provider, who has no knowledge of the data inputs or outputs. This reduces the computational complexity. The performance of the proposed MPSI is evaluated by implementing a prototype on a virtual private network to enable parallel computation in multiple threads. Our protocol is confirmed to be more efficient than comparable existing approaches.
Λ(1520) production in d+Au collisions at RHIC *

Recent results of ?(1520) resonance production in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV are presented and discussed in terms of the evolution and freeze-out conditions of a hot and dense fireball medium. Yields and spectra are compared to results from p+p and Au+Au collisions. The ?(1520)/? ratio in d+Au collisions ratio is consistent with the ratio in p+p collisions. This suggests a short time for elastic interactions between chemical and thermal freeze-out. One can conclude that the interaction volume in d+Au collisions is small.
Tensions between contracting and asset management: a conceptual framework for comparing public infrastructure sectors

The Netherlands are used to a high standard of infrastructure and expectations of the Dutch are that this will continue. This imposes high demands both on the construction of new infrastructure as on the maintenance and operation of existing facilities. However, new capital works are predominant in the public mind, whereas renewal of existing infrastructure is taken for granted. The recent rise of asset management in various public infrastructure sectors can be seen as an attempt to approach infrastructure in a more balanced way and to introduce a systematic process of effectively constructing, maintaining, upgrading and operating assets, combining engineering principles with sound business practice and economic rationale. In addition it provides the tools to facilitate a more organized and flexible approach to making decisions necessary to achieve the public's expectations. At the same time in infrastructure management various forms of contracting are used in infrastructure management and innovative forms of contracting are introduced. This paper suggests that asset management objectives and contracting practices incorporate certain characteristics that can be contradictory. In this paper we present a conceptual framework for a comparative research into these tensions. By paying attention to the specifics of both physical and institutional attributes of these sectors we also aim at identifying the conditions that shape or constrain the possibilities to generalize between sectors.
From the authors

C. Butler and L.G. Heaney raise several important points regarding our recent report 1, which identified risk factors of frequent exacerbations in difficult-to-treat asthma. First, they questioned why we excluded patients on oral corticosteroids from the analysis. In our clinic, and in most other pulmonary clinics, it is common practice to taper oral corticosteroids to the lowest possible dose whenever possible, and to increase the dose no more than strictly necessary in case of the worsening of asthma symptoms. This is a continuing process, mostly initiated by the patients themselves, without interference of a pulmonologist. We chose not to include patients on oral corticosteroids, because we felt that initial exacerbations could not be distinguished clearly from …
Archaea: very diverse, often different but never bad?

Christa Schleper is Professor and Head of the Department of Genetics in Ecology at the University of Vienna. Her research combines microbial physiology, genetics and metagenomics and is now focused primarily on anaerobic ammoniaoxidizing Archaea and on the study of genetic elements in Sulfolobus. This is the second Current Opinions in Microbiology volume dedicated to the Archaea. Comparing the reviews published here with those published in December 2005 underlines the impressive progress made in several areas of on-going archaeal research (evolution and phylogenetics, metabolic diversity and pathway biochemistry, transcription, cell cycle and pyrrolysine studies) and identifies areas in which archaeal research has more recently expanded (anaerobic methane and aerobic ammonia oxidations, CRISPR, tRNAs, cell surface structures, viruses and symbiotic interactions). The impacts of rapid genome sequencing, metagenomics and microbial cultivation techniques, all much expanded since 2005, are also very apparent. Perhaps most notably, they have documented the presence of Archaea in almost all natural environments, and confirmed that Archaea contribute substantially to the global carbon and nitrogen cycles, in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The accumulation of microbial genome sequences has also fully established that the Archaea and Bacteria constitute fundamentally different evolutionary Domains . As a taxon, the term prokaryote is therefore seriously questioned [2] but, with no nuclear membrane, Archaea and Bacteria may share features not found in Eukarya. For example, translation can be tightly coupled with transcription and, although transmitted horizontally, adaptive immunity CRISPR systems (see below) may exist only in Archaea and Bacteria. Prokaryote is also still used sometimes as a synonym for Bacteria, ignoring the Archaea, and many of the 2005 reviews addressed this with features described as being (or not being) bacterial-like or eukaryal-like. Evolutionary relationships are often still noted, but the reviews now published definitively describe archaeal features and functions. A reader must therefore recognize the diversity of the Archaea; an archaeal feature is not necessarily present in all Archaea, just as not all Bacteria are Gram-negative.
The Role of CAD Frameworks in Heterogeneous FPGA-Based Cloud Systems

In the context of heterogneous computing, even though GPUs are the components of election due to both their intrinsically parallel nature and their flexibility, FPGAs are being investigated and experimented due to superior power efficiency on selected workloads While GPUs are the heterogeneous components of election due to both their intrinsically parallel nature and their flexibility, FPGAs are being investigated and experimented due to superior power efficiency on selected workloads. However, the lack of adequate languages, runtimes, programming flexibility and, broadly speaking, proven system level approaches for FPGA-accelerated applications are the most relevant limiting factors to the adoption of these devices into mainstream. In these regards, Amazon recently released Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2 F1, which are compute instances that are equipped with Xilinx FPGA boards. On such instances, the user can develop algorithms and run them on FPGAs thanks to the new software developed by Xilinx called SDAccel. In this paper, we describe how we extended the CAOS framework to integrate with SDAccel and target AWS F1 instances for improving the performance of a custom application by means of FPGA acceleration. We then propose a case study to test the new methodology, based on the N-Body Simulation problem. Results show that we were able to achieve performance comparable to the ones obtained by expert users in less than a day of work.
The Electric Charge of a Dirac Monopole at Nonzero Temperature

We study the effect of nonzero temperature on the induced electric charge around a Dirac monopole. While at zero temperature the charge is known to be proportional to a CP violating $\theta$ parameter, we find that at high temperature the charge is proportional to sin $\theta$. Other features of the charge at nonzero temperature are discussed. We also compute the induced charge at nonzero temperature around an Aharonov-Bohm flux string in $2+1$ dimensions and compare the result with an index theorem, and also with the electron-monopole problem in $3+1$ dimensions.
On properties of theories which preclude the existence of universal models

We introduce the oak property of first order theories, which is a syntactical condition that we show to be sufficient for a theory not to have universal models in cardinality ? when certain cardinal arithmetic assumptions about ? implying the failure of GCH (and close to the failure of SCH) hold. We give two examples of theories that have the oak property and show that none of these examples satisfy SOP4, not even SOP3. This is related to the question of the connection of the property SOP4 to non-universality, as was raised by the earlier work of Shelah. One of our examples is the theory View the MathML source for which non-universality results similar to the ones we obtain are already known; hence we may view our results as an abstraction of the known results from a concrete theory to a class of theories. We show that no theory with the oak property is simple.