nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in understanding angiosperm history, success, and relationships: Darwin's abominably "perplexing phenomenon".

To Charles Darwin the suddenness of the angiosperm appearance and their rapid rise to dominance in the fossil record was both a “perplexing phenomenon” to “those who believe in extremely gradual evolution” and an “abominable mystery” (1). It has been 125 years since Darwin's letter to Heer and for most of this time the investigation of the mystery has been in the domain of comparative morphology, traditional taxonomy, and the fossil record, principally of pollen and leaves. These approaches have failed to illuminate the mystery that has now grown to include major aspects of angiosperm phylogeny, evolutionary success, and origin (2). But lately, exciting new methods and data are available that have enormous potential to resolve this set of problems. New kinds of fossils have been discovered from critical times (2–4); new algorithms are available for the rapid comparative analysis of all kinds of data (5), and molecular genetics is providing data on nucleic acid sequences and homeotic genes like the MADS family (6–12). These allow invaluable insights into homology of floral organs.
Influence Of Structure On The Dielectric Properties Of PECVD Polymer Films

Polymer dielectric films fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) have inherent superiority due to their smooth surface, pin-hole free morphology, and dense crosslinked bulk structure. These spatially uniform films also exhibit good adhesion to a variety of substrates, excellent chemical inertness, high thermal resistance, and are formed from a rapid, inexpensive, solvent-free, room temperature process. In this work, we describe PECVD polymer dielectric films prepared from three precursors including benzene, octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB) and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) using two different feed locations including in the plasma zone center and in the downstream region. The chemical structure of the PECVD films was determined by XPS, FTIR and ESR. The dielectric constant and dissipation of the films were studied over a range of frequencies up to 1 MHz, and the dielectric strength was characterized by the current-voltage method. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was performed to determine the thickness and refractive index of the resultant films. The PP-benzene films showed strong aromatic characteristics, PP-OFCB films maintained a high F/C ratio with a variety of fluorine moieties, and PP-HMDS retained a large fraction of Si-O bonds. All the PECVD films showed higher dielectric constants than those of corresponding conventional polymers. There is a small sharp drop in dielectric constant at low frequencies for all the PECVD films, attributed to the orientational polarization caused by trapped free radicals, oxygenated groups (C=O), and unsaturated moieties. The largest drop occurred for the PP-HMDS films. All films exhibit a continuous increase in dielectric loss as a function of frequency. Among all the PECVD films, the PP-benzene exhibited high breakdown strength. These variations in the dielectric properties are closely associated with the unique structure features of PECVD films.
Incorporating software process in an undergraduate software engineering curriculum: challenges and rewards

Milwaukee School of Engineering has one of the first ABET-accredited software engineering (SE) programs in the United States. We describe our experiences in incorporating the core elements of the software engineering process throughout the undergraduate SE program. These elements are integrated vertically as well as horizontally throughout the curriculum, starting with an introductory process course in the sophomore year and culminating in a three-quarter software development laboratory course sequence and a two-quarter capstone project in the junior and senior years. The challenges encountered while using this approach are also discussed.
On Prejudices, Judgments and Other Topics in Philosophy

The volume contains almost thirty papers by Kazimierz Twardowski (1866-1938), the founder of the Lvov-Warsaw School. The papers are published in English for the first time. The papers concern fundamental problems of philosophy: the methods of philosophizing, the boundary of psychology and semiotics, the conceptual apparatus of metaphysics, ethical skepticism, the question of free will and ethical obligation, the aesthetics of music and so on. The systematic considerations are complemented by concise but excellent sketches of the philosophical views of Socrates, Aquinas, Leibniz, Spencer, Nietzsche, and Bergson.
Book review: the network society

The Network Society sits on the bookshelves of many as an essential guide to the past, consequences and future of digital communication. Fully revised, this Third Edition covers crucial new issues and updates, including digital youth culture as a foreshadow of future new media use and the contribution of media networks to the current financial crisis. James Cuffe feels that it may appeal to communications theorists who fail to endorse Castells or Luhmann and are looking for a moderate approach.
A Test of U. S. National Economic Policy in the Post‐World War II Period

. This inquiry is an effort to evaluate the macroeconomic performance of the United States economy in the period after the close of World War II in terms of the macroeconomic goals to which national economic policy supposedly had been directed. That is, whether policy achieved full employment, price stability or an adequate rate of growth. Insofar as key indicators can be used as a basis for judgment—and there is, as yet, no scientific basis for measuring how far that reliance can be chanced—it would appear that policy was least successful in attaining full employment with price stability, or full employment, or price stability. In certain infrequent periods, growth seems to have occurred. But was its rate “adequate?” And did it result from policy? Analysis by key indicators may not tell us much, if anything; but it helps to delineate an approach toward policy-monitoring researchers need to cultivate.
Second order theory of excitations in trapped bose condensates at finite temperatures

We present a finite temperature field theory for collective excitations of trapped Bose condensates which includes the dynamics of the thermal cloud. In spherical traps we show that excitations couple strongly to a small number of modes, giving resonance structure in their frequency spectra. Where possible, we derive energy shifts and lifetimes of excitations. For the l = 0 mode we show that the simple picture of a decay rate fails, which should be observable in suitable experiments. It also suggests a possible explanation for the anomalous behavior of the m = 0 mode observed in anisotropic traps.
Qué gusto me da sentir tu voz: Restarting the dialog that diaspora interrupted

"Peace, according to journalist Christopher Hedges (2003), is about the recovery of a narrative, a common  This paper is an iteration of that theme. It is a narrative recounting a month-long visit to La Guinera, a neighborhood on the southern outskirts of Havana, Cuba. It is the neighborhood where several of my Cuban relatives live, and where I stayed when I went to Cuba for the first time, in August of 2001.For the past 44 years, it has served the political interests of privileged groups in both Cuba and the United States to discursively divide the nation into two antagonistic sides: those in favor of the government that came to power in 1959, and those against it. But regardless of whether one answers to these tightly bound subject positions, the pain of absence bleeds profusely, arbitrarily, rhizomatically, into the lived experiences of those who left the island, and those who have stayed. This narrative is a tracing of one such course of history in the Cuban community."
Holding the Story Forever: The Aesthetics of Ethnographic Labour

Since the late 1970s, anthropologists have examined ethnography as a form of textual production (Marcus and Cushman 1982; Clifford and Marcus 1986; Geertz 1988; Marcus and Fischer 1986) and as a politicised dialogue between ethnographer and ‘other’ (Crapanzano 1980; Dumont 1978; George 1995; Rabinow 1977). This literature suggests that ethnography is what you write and how you write it (Clifford 1986; Geertz 1973) but not a record of social realities (Marcus and Fischer 1986). Drawing on these critiques, more recent analyses of ‘fieldwork’ examine the very notion of ‘the field’, the centrality of fieldwork to anthropology and the contradictory nature of the discipline in which we are expected to examine an interconnected and deterritorialised world and conduct long periods of research in one ‘localised’ setting (Gupta and Ferguson 1997, 4). Gupta and Ferguson question whether, given the questions we ask in this postcolonial globalised world, we can continue to valorise ethnographic fieldwork as the central experience of anthropology. Marcus (1997) has argued that ethnography is a form of social production that hinges upon ‘complicity’ between anthropologist and ‘other’. For him, the presence of an anthropologist is a constant marker of other places and ways of being in the world and, because of this, anthropologists can access people’s ideas about other places, times and peoples (Marcus 1998, 119). Therefore, fieldwork elucidates and makes connections (p. 120). The anthropologist’s presence makes a perhaps inarticulatable ‘elsewhere’ present for the informant. Complicity is then an affinity between the anthropologist and the informant that ‘arises from their mutual curiosity and anxiety about their relationship to a third’, and this ‘third time space’ is what creates the bond between the two (p. 122). These productive critiques leave a central part of the social relations of ethnography unexamined. They fail to examine the ways in which anthropologists themselves experience the practice of ethnography and the ways in which ‘the field’
The Robert Bosch Chair for Mechatronics in Miskolc, Advanced Concepts for Lectures and Research

This paper presents an example for successful cooperation between universities and industrial companies. Due to the comprehensive preparatory work of the top-level managements of both the University of Miskolc, Hungary, and the Bosch consortium, the Robert Bosch Department of Mechatronics has been established within the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. The operation of the Robert Bosch Department of Mechatronics is facilitated by the four Bosch companies in the region and the German Federation of Foundations during the next three years, and subsequently is be taken over by the University of Miskolc. The main objectives of the cooperation are the application and dissemination of the latest technical and scientific know-how in the fields of research, professional educational programs and widespread application of mechatronics, including the strengthening of practice-oriented training programs and meeting the recruitment requirements of the Bosch companies in the region in terms of engineers. The paper covers the achievements and the future plans of the department
Sulfide stabilization of the cadmium-gamma-glutamyl peptide complex of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Addition of cadmium salts to the growth medium of Schizosaccharomyces pombe leads to synthesis of a Cd.gamma-Glu peptide complex and an enhanced generation of sulfide ions. The gamma-Glu peptide complex functions in the detoxification of heavy metal ions. Native Cd.gamma-Glu peptide complexes contain acid-labile sulfide in the metal-thiolate cluster. Two forms of the complex exist differing primarily in their sulfide content. Sulfide concentrations up to 0.2 and 1.2 mol/mol of peptide were observed in native isolates of forms I and II, respectively. Addition of sulfide to the low sulfide form I converted it to a complex similar to form II. Properties of the Cd.gamma-Glu peptide complex were altered by the incorporation of sulfide ions. Sulfide-dependent electronic transitions in the ultraviolet were evident, and the absorbance maximum of the transition was related to the sulfide content and the bound metal ion. High sulfide forms of the Cd and Zn complexes exhibited absorbance peaks at 318 nm and 255 nm, respectively. Incorporation of sulfide into the Cd.gamma-Glu peptide complex imparted greater thermodynamic stability to the complex, an increased Stokes radius, and an enhanced Cd(II) binding capacity. Sulfide generation may be a cellular response in part to enhance the effectiveness of the gamma-Glu peptide system for Cd(II) detoxification.
Hume, Hermeneutics, and History: A ‘Sympathetic’ Account

It has been observed that Hume is the hero of analytic philosophy in its positivist phase, Kant the hero of analytic philosophy in its "ordinarylanguage" and hermeneutic phase. I The soundness of this observation rests upon the standard "positivist" interpretation of Hume's philosophy. But Hume's philosophy harbors a systematic ambivalence which emerges most clearly in his account of the methodology of history and the "moral sciences." Indeed it can be argued that Hume anticipated a hermeneutic or interpretative philosophy based upon a methodological appropriation of his principle of sympathy Hume's eighteenth-century prototype of lverstehen. I am not suggesting that Kant is any less the hero of analytic philosophy in its later interpretative phase, but that Hume is rather more heroic than the standard interpretation allows.
Jorge Luis Borges: A Writer on the Edge

Jorge Luis Borges is generally acknowledged to be one of the 20th century's most significant writers. Yet in all the critical debates on his work, the fact that he is an Argentine writer is rarely discussed, as if his world reputation had somehow cleansed him of nationality. Sarlo argues that these "universalist" readings leave aside vital aspects of Borges' writing, including his most powerful vision of Argentina's past and its traditions, which placed both the writer and his country at the strange intersection of European and Latin American culture. This examination of the work of Borges is divided into two parts. The first part consists of lectures on Borges' fiction; the second discusses the emergence of the avant-garde and the literary magazines, in order to place his literature in a cultural and ideological context.
Yang-Mills Theory In, Beyond, and Behind Observed Reality

The primary interactions of Yang-Mills theory  are visibly embodied in hard processes, most directly in jets. The character of jets also reflects the deep structure of effective charge, which is dominated by the influence of intrinsically nonabelian gauge dynamics. These proven insights into fundamental physics ramify in many directions, and are far from being exhausted. I will discuss three rewarding explorations from my own experience, whose point of departure is the hard Yang-Mills interaction, and whose end is not yet in sight. Given an insight so profound and fruitful as Yang and Mills brought us, it is in order to try to consider its broadest implications, which I attempt at the end.
On B-groups

The notion of bags play an essential role in dealing with knowledge representation problems where object classes allow repeated occurrence of elements. Sometimes bags with some special conditions can be drawn from a given set. Under these situations, is possible to define some algebraic structures on the given set.The present paper considers the situation when some bags with special conditions are drawn from a set, which, under a given operation, forms a group. Consequently, it demonstrates how an existing group structure defined on a given set can induce special structures on some bags drawn from this set. Hence, the notions of induced B-groups, induced abelian B-groups, and induced semi B-groups are introduced and discussed. Further, some characteristics of B-groups, abelian B-groups, and semi B-Groups are studied.
Optical properties of aluminum oxide thin films and colloidal nanostructures

In this work, we prepared thin films of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) with different thicknesses, using a wet chemical process. The Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles with an average size of 40 nm were dispersed in water and deposited on soda glass substrates. The morphology of the resulting thin films was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties of the thin films were studied by measuring reflectance and transmittance. A theoretical description of the reflection and transmission mechanism of the films was developed by measuring the thickness and spectral behavior of the refractive index. Numerical evaluations were used for modeling the optical spectra of the thin films of alumina. By fitting numerical curves to the experimental data, the extinction coefficient and refractive index were obtained. The dielectric constant and optical properties of the colloidal solution of the particles were also studied.
Transformational affects and core state in AEDP: The emergence and consolidation of joy, hope, gratitude, and confidence in (the solid goodness of) the self.

Positive affects in the context of positive dyadic interactions are fundamental to mental health and the development of the self, and are here considered from within the vantage point of Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP), an attachment and emotion model of psychotherapy. We explore three phenomenological/affective/behavioral sets of positive affects –mastery affects, healing affects, and core state--in the context of positive dyadic interactions and understand their adaptive values by referencing the realms of attachment, intersubjectivity and affective neuroscience. We detail an experiential process in which the regulation of painful emotion in the context of a positive dyadic therapeutic relationship naturally culminates in the emergence of positive affects and positive emotional states, which in turn are vehicles for accessing emotional resources and resilience associated with resilient functioning and emotional flourishing. Detailed transcripts from two videotaped sessions are microanalyzed so as to delineate the moment-to-moment phenomenology and dynamics of the AEDP therapeutic process and to document the spontaneous emergence of these positive affective phenomena in a therapeutic context designed to make the most of their therapeutic effectiveness.
The Welfare State: A Fundamental Dimension of Modern Government

What, in fact, is the Welfare State? This article traces the emergence of the welfare state as a specific mode of government, describing its distinctive rationality as well as its characteristic forms, functions and effects. It identifies five sectors of welfare governance, the relations between them, and the various forms these take in different times and places. It discusses the contradictory commitments that shape welfare state practices and the problems associated with these practices and contradictions. It situates welfare state government within a long-term account of the changing relations between the social and the economic spheres. And it argues that the welfare state ought to be understood as a “normal social fact”—an essential (though constantly contested) part of the social and economic organization of modern capitalist societies.
Structural Evolution and Acoustic Phonon Behavior in Crystalline PTFE Latex Films

The structural evolution of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) crystalline polymer latex films is studied at hundreds nanometer length scale by atomic force microscopy and Brillouin light scattering. In a controlled sintering process the transition is observed from the original particle distribution towards a ‘fibrillar’ structure of crystalline regions embedded in a disordered matrix. This transition is accompanied by a cross-over from localized acoustic excitations to propagating acoustic phonons, related to mesoscopic elastic properties. After sintering, a ‘mark’ of the original particulate structure persists, suggesting that filming of crystalline polymers may be analogous to sintering of ceramic powders. Films of crystalline polymers can thus be exploited as model systems to study the elasto-optical properties of granular and disordered media.
Discrete Splittings of the Necklace

This paper deals with direct proofs and combinatorial proofs of the famous necklace theorem of Alon, Goldberg, and West. The new results are a direct proof for the case of two thieves and three types of beads, and an efficient constructive proof for the general case with two thieves. This last proof uses a theorem of Ky Fan which is a version of Tucker's lemma concerning cubical complexes instead of simplicial complexes.
Ishikawa play

Bayes-Nash Equilibrium (BNE) is at the root of many significant applications of modern game theory to multiagent systems, ranging from airport security scheduling, to network analysis, to mechanism design in e-commerce. However, the computational complexity of calculating BNEs makes the process prohibitively costly, and the process does not scale well. On the other hand, finding BNEs by simulating the repeated interaction of adaptive players has been demonstrated to succeed even in very complex domains. Unfortunately, adaptive algorithms that iteratively shift strategy towards an equilibrium (e.g., the Fictitious Play algorithm) do not provide stable performance across all classes of games. Therefore, active research into these stability issues, and the design of new algorithms for interactive BNE calculation, remain highly important. 
 
In this paper we present a variation to the Ishikawa Iteration to calculate a Bayes-Nash Equilibrium. We demonstrate that the Ishikawa algorithm can take an interactive form, which we term Ishikawa Play (I-Play), and apply it in repeated games. Our experimental data shows that variations of the I-Play algorithm are effective in self-play (converge to a BNE), and outperform the Fictitious Play algorithm, while maintaining low computational costs per game cycle.
Evaluating the SharedCanvas Manuscript Data Model in CATCHPlus

In this paper, we present the SharedCanvas model for describing the layout of culturally important, hand-written objects such as medieval manuscripts, which is intended to be used as a common input format to presentation interfaces. The model is evaluated using two collections from CATCHPlus not consulted during the design phase, each with their own complex requirements, in order to determine if further development is required or if the model is ready for general usage. The model is applied to the new collections, revealing several new areas of concern for user interface production and discovery of the constituent resources. However, the fundamental information modelling aspects of SharedCanvas and the underlying Open Annotation Collaboration ontology are demonstrated to be sufficient to cover the challenging new requirements. The distributed, Linked Open Data approach is validated as an important methodology to seamlessly allow simultaneous interaction with multiple repositories, and at the same time to facilitate both scholarly commentary and crowd-sourcing of the production of transcriptions.