nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Formless form: a Study of the status of Contemporary ‘Landscape-like’ Painting in Taiwan

The thesis is composed of series of paintings, starting from portraits of an island in Taiwan, that represent a search for the relationship between site and Shan-Shui, between resemblance and the abstract. These paintings depict everyday scenes that combine events, viewpoints and memories. Other series set in London look at ‘alternative nature’ and ‘staged authenticity’, in which people are seen as insiders or outsiders. This accompanying report is divided into four sections, weaving together three methodologies—theoretical, historical, and practical—to study the aesthetics of contemporary ‘landscape-like’ painting in Taiwan, in particular the concepts of the sublime and Shan-Shui. This practice-led research uses my own painting to address these issues and to question my position within the Taiwanese art world. First, I outline key points in the history of Taiwanese painting starting from the period of Japanese rule. Through specific examples I aim to clarify how identity and cultural transformation in Taiwan has taken place through the influences of Modernism and Shan-Shui. I also look at the differences and overlaps between the concepts of ‘the painterly sublime’ and ‘Qi-Yun Sheng-Dong’, raising questions about the political implications. Secondly, I look at artists from Asia and the West with particular attention to the physical material qualities of painting and elaborate on the aesthetic notion of Bi-Mo (which relates to brush marks) and how this relates to my concept ‘landscape-like’. In the third part I discuss my own paintings, referring to the sublime, Shan-Shui and the concept of ‘landscape-like’. The fourth section is based on my response to the current political condition of Taiwanese Art and focuses on a project that culminated in the London Start Art Fair entitled Future Island, 2016. In conclusion, I suggest that the contemporary appearance of Shan-Shui and the sublime as crucial to ‘landscape-like painting’ in Taiwan as a political form.
Iron Based Cellular Structures – Status and Prospects

Cellular metals based on iron have been intensively investigated during the last two decades. Because of the significant decreasing of the structural density of iron based cellular structures, numerous technologies have been developed for their manufacturing. Besides the tremendous weight reduction a combination with other properties like energy and noise absorption, heat insulation and mechanical damping can be achieved. This contribution will give an overview about the latest state in iron based cellular materials, including technologies in manufacturing, properties and potential applications.
Assertiveness Style Effects on Perceptions of Assertive Behavior

It has been suggested that seeing a person manifest assertiveness in positive situations (commendatory assertion) will mitigate possible adverse consequences of seeing that person display assertive behavior in negative situations (refusal assertion). The central purpose of this study was to examine the possibility that adding empathy to a refusal assertion may serve a mitigating effect equivalent to that of commendatory assertion. Subjects observed a videotape showing a male or female stimulus model acting assertively, empathic assertively, or nonassertively in four different situations. Models were seen in four commendatory assertion situations, in four refusal assertion situations, or in two situations of each type. After viewing the videotape, subjects were asked to evaluate the model by completing the Interpersonal Judgment Scale. In addition, subjects completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory. In contrast to prior findings, regardless of context, assertive and empathic-assertive models were viewed as more...
Poetry and the Romantic Musical Aesthetic: Acknowledgments

Preface: the sound and the spirit 1. Self-consciousness and music in the late Enlightenment 2. Holderlin's Deutscher Gesang and the music of poetic self-consciousness 3. Hegel's aesthetic theory: self-consciousness and musical material 4. Nature, music and the imagination in Wordsworth's poetry 5. Beethoven and musical self-consciousness 6. The persistence of sound.
Adherence to recommended medical regimens in childhood and adolescence.

Factors that appear to influence treatment adherence among adults have been the focus of considerable research in recent years. However, less research has focused on children's treatment adherence. This paper reviews current knowledge about factors that appear to influence adherence among children and adolescents.



Factors associated with adherence to medical regimens reviewed here include: (i) the psychosocial characteristics of children and their parents; (ii) the nature of the treatment regimen; and (iii) the relationship between health practitioners, parents and paediatric patients.



Issues for future research include: (i) the adherence of both children and their parents to children's treatment, and the allocation of responsibility for treatment adherence; (ii) the wide range of behaviours involved in regimen adherence should be acknowledge; patients' adherence to one aspect of their regimen should not be considered indicative of their overall adherence; and (iii) longitudinal studies are required to examine the causal relations between patient adherence and its antecedents.
G. B. S. The Movie Critic

"THE CINEMA is a much more momentous invention than printing was."1 Thus did Bernard Shaw, in 1914, blast his way into a new role-that of movie critic. His startling view of the importance of the cinema is, so far as an extensive search reveals, Shaw's first recorded statement on the films. From that optimistic beginning, Shaw the movie critic became, in turn, violently antagonistic, hopeful, enthusiastic, and disappointed. His last printed statement on the movies,2 published in 1949 just a few months before his death, showed that he had become disillusioned in the course of his observations of the cinema. He recognized, it is true, that in modern films "there is no limit to scenic possibilities; and directors may spend millions of pounds profitably instead of a few thousands." But, he lamented, "The results so far include megalomaniac demoralization, disorganization, and waste of time and money." Yet Shaw was able to summon some of his original optimism-enough, in fact, to close his final statement on the movies with the hopeful prediction: "These evils will cure themselves." Bernard Shaw has been examined from an astounding multiplicity of viewpoints. Any bibliography of Shaw will reveal studies of Shaw the music critic, the drama critic, the critic of society, religion, politics, Shaw the Fabian, Shaw the dramatist, Shaw the propagandist, and even Shaw the "saint." One would think the beleaguered man's potentialities would have been exhausted. But it seems that no one has thought of examining Shaw the movie critic, although Shaw did, characteristically, have exciting and violent views on the subject of this new art form. 1"The Cinema as a Moral Leveller," The New Statesman: Special Supplement on the Modern Theatre, III (June 27, 1914), 1. 2"Shaw's Rules for Directors," Theatre Arts, XXXIII (August, 1949), 1 .
Historical-Poetic Transformations of the Legend of Lucretia and Benjamin Britten’s The Rape of Lucretia

The legend of Lucretia is a story that appears in literature, poetry and artwork dating from approximately 500 BC, and more recently musically,in Benjamin Britten’s The Rape of Lucretia (1946). In my thesis I aim to explore the transformative power of mythology and legend, as a reflection of historical and religious attitudes towards gender and rape, in the case of Lucretia. I will compare the historical-poetic accounts of Lucretia according to Livy, Ovid, St Augustine, Chaucer and Shakespeare, and then alongside Duncan’s preparation of and Britten’s setting of the libretto. This will encourage a discourse concerning developing attitudes towards the nature and faith of the raped Lucretia, whilst also exploring Britten’s musical construction of such features for a reduced orchestral force. 
 
 
Britten’s The Rape of Lucretia remains one of the composer’s lesser-known and infrequently performed operas. Critics and scholars, who have focused on issues of faith, gender and rape, in the score and libretto, have attributed this unpopularity to the opera’s combination of pagan and Christian faiths. Whilst the opera concerns the pagan-Roman Lucretia, Britten and librettist Ronald Duncan adopt a Christian framework, by which the pagan narrative and moral message is destabilised. 
 
 
In scholarship on Britten’s opera, critics such as Patricia Howard, Claire Seymour and Philip Brett have concluded that the blend of pagan and Christian faiths through harmony and orchestration results in an incohesive faith-narrative: where Lucretia is praised by pagans for her virtue, she is deplored by Christians for her supposed guilt. I intend to explore Britten’s narrative through a historical-poetic approach. As such, my source texts epitomise attitudes towards the raped Lucretia from pagan, Christian, and political viewpoints. This will lead to a detailed musical analysis of key sections, exploring musical constructions of gender, faith and rape. 
 
 
In the legend, Lucretia’s Otherness, created by her proclaimed chastity, is the object that Tarquinius wishes to defeat. However, beyond this narrative, the legend of Lucretia was adapted, manipulated, and subverted throughout history, often to serve a religious or political purpose beyond the narrative itself. I demonstrate that a historical-poetic understanding of the legend may provide depth to the discourse surrounding Britten and Duncan’s intentions within and beyond the opera’s narrative. This understanding will be used to examine external factors that inform the compositional and textual process of Lucretia as a metaphor, where an examination of only the score and libretto may not suffice.
THE EMERGENCE OF WALLED TOWNS AND SOCIAL COMPLEXITY IN THE TAOJIAHU-XIAOCHENG REGION OF JIANGHAN PLAIN CHINA

The especially early emergence of Neolithic walled towns in the Jianghan Plain is widely used as an indicator of social complexity. In recent decades, research on walled towns has focused on their role in the origin of Chinese civilization and in the formation of early states in China. Several models have been suggested to explain the emergence of walled towns: inter-regional conflicts between the Central Plain and the Jianghan Plain, intra-regional conflicts among walled towns in the Jianghan Plain, and control of flooding in the Neolithic period. The trajectories of developing social complexity of these earliest walled towns and the relationships that existed among them have not previously been systematically investigated from the perspective of demographic distributions. The full-coverage systematic regional survey presented here included two of the earliest walled towns in the Jianghan Plain: Taojiahu and Xiaocheng. It was designed to illuminate their social trajectories and by extension those of their counterparts elsewhere in the Jianghan Plain and areas adjacent to it. 
The regional survey revealed spatial and temporal variations in the settlement patterns of an area of 58 km2 from 3900 BCE to 600 CE. Population distribution patterns were documented for each period in this time span to investigate the dynamic forces behind social and settlement changes. Different approaches to understanding the emergence of early walled towns were evaluated through the analysis of population distribution and its relationships to environmental variables. 
The conclusions of the research include the following. First, the emergence of the Taojiahu and Xiaocheng walled towns was a process of the in situ population increase from initial small communities rather than pulling together people spread throughout the landscape in different communities. Second, throughout their histories, Taojiahu and Xiaocheng contained the vast majority of the population of their territories; there was little or no hinterland population or settlement hierarchy around them. Third, economic activities and the development of economic interdependence involving both subsistence and non-subsistence products were of particular importance at Taojiahu and Xiaocheng. Fourth, Xiaocheng might have served as an economic outpost of Taojiahu focused on the production of rice and other goods.
Criminality, judgement and eschatology : injustice, judgment and eschatology

The so called emancipation of the victim of crime in the last decades - socially, in criminal proceedings, and also our theoretical reflection raises the question whether, morally speaking, our views on criminality have changed. Is this perhaps indicative of a broader cultural shift in perspectives, a reframing of the position of the victim and the perpetrator? The approach of the Dutch victimologist Jan van Dijk seems to mirror a social and political trend towards a post-Christian way of dealing with criminality. But his approach is perhaps somewhat too contemporary, as I will argue, for he fails to take into account the shadow sides of a culture which affords the victim such a central place.
Corporate Responsibility: Insight from a Construction Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) in the UK

Construction organisations (SMEs in particular) are now taking a responsible attitude, going beyond the minimum legal requirements. In line with the UK Government's innovation objectives under The Strategy for Sustainable Construction, organisations are looking to develop and implement management systems to address the corporate responsibility (CR) aspects of the business. This paper investigates the initiation, development and practice of CR in construction organisations, and presents a case for possible adoption for construction SMEs. By combining key indicators of CR and achieving business success and competitive advantage, the pervasiveness of CR for construction SMEs is determined.
Effect of Ag on the Thermoelectric Properties of Ag2Se Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying Process

The thermoelectric properties of Ag2Se and excess Ag alloys synthesized by mechanical alloying process were studied. The absolute S value slightly decreased with the Ag content. Contrary to that, the electrical conductivity (σ) increased with the Ag content. This was due to the increased carrier concentration supplied by the excess Ag clusters. Below 280K, the σ value of the excess Ag alloys is almost constant regardless of temperature, which means that the Ag excess alloys is highly degenerated. At higher temperatures above 290 K, the intrinsic conduction behavior for all materials is observed and the band gap energy for Ag2Se calculated from the slope of curve in this higher temperature range is about 220 meV. The figure of merit value (Z) was increased by the excess Ag, from 0.28/K (Ag2Se) to 0.91/K (Ag2.05Se0.95).
Arithmetic and ergodic properties of 'flipped' continued fraction algorithms

where a0 ∈ Z is such that x − a0 ∈ [0, 1), i.e. a0 = bxc, and an ∈ N for n ≥ 1. The expansion (1), abbreviated by x = [0; a1, a2, . . . , an, . . . ], is infinite if and only if x ∈ R \ Q; in case x ∈ Q—essentially due to Euclid’s algorithm—x has two finite expansions. The partial quotients an are given by (2) an = an(x) = b1/Tn−1(x)c if Tn−1(x) 6= 0, where T : [0, 1) → [0, 1) is the continued fraction (or Gauss) map, defined by
Gesture, Emotion, and Humanity

Illuminations of the fairy Melusine captured the imagination of late medieval audiences with their fascinating portrayals of her supernatural monstrosity. As the fifteenth century progressed, however, French representations of the heroine of the Roman de Melusine gradually depicted a fairy whose humanity vied for attention with her otherworldly nature in manuscript and incunabula iconography. Nowhere is this tension more explicitly conveyed than in the unexplored parchment fragments of a late fifteenth-century French manuscript of the prose Roman de Melusine held in the National Trust’s Upton House Bearsted Collection, Warwickshire (U.K.).1 The five extant illustrated fragments in which Melusine is represented depict the grief and sorrow ensuing from the crucial denunciation episode wherein Raymondin publicly condemns the fairy as a demonic agent in serpentine form.2 The Upton House Bearsted (hereafter UHB) fragments focus upon the sentiments of the couple and their court as they grapple with the implications of Raymondin’s denunciation; the illustration of this episode is unique among French manuscripts and differs markedly from the iconography in contemporary incunabula.3 The UHB fragments offer an exceptional visual interpretation of this episode, their detailed gestures and emotions urging audiences toward a reception of the heroine in which her humanity, not her monstrosity, was paramount.
Effects of systematic oral care in critically ill patients: a multicenter study.

No standard oral assessment tools are available for determining frequency of oral care in critical care patients, and the method of providing oral care is controversial.



To examine the effects of a systematic program of oral care on oral assessment scores in critically ill intubated and nonintubated, patients.



Clinical data were collected 3 times during critical care admissions before and after institution of a systematic program of oral care in 3 different medical centers. The oral care education program consisted of instruction from a dentist or dental hygienist and a clear procedure outlining systematic oral care. The Beck Oral Assessment Scale and the mucosal-plaque score were used to assess the oral cavity. Data were analyzed by using linear mixed modeling with controls for severity of illness.



Scores on the Beck Scale differed significantly (F = 4.79, P = .01) in the pattern of scores across the 3 days and between the control group (before oral education) and the systematic oral care group. Unlike the control group, the treatment group had decreasing scores on the Beck Scale from day 1 to day 5. The mucosal-plaque score and the Beck Scale scores had strong correlations throughout the study; the highest correlation was on day 5 (r = 0.798, P < .001, n = 43).



Oral assessment scores improved after nurses implemented a protocol for systematic oral care. Use of the Beck Scale and the mucosal-plaque score could standardize oral assessment and guide nurses in providing oral interventions.
Burial, Exhumation, Metamorphism and Other Dastardly Deeds Exposed at the Hesperian/Noachian Boundary in the Southern Nili Fossae Region

The best place on Mars to examine the boundary between Noachian and Hesperian surfaces is at the southern boundary of the Nili Fossae region. Here younger Hesperian Syrtis Major lavas have been emplaced conformably over the older Noachian terrain. In this region this important boundary in the geological history of Mars is relatively free of young aeolian deposits, exposing dramatic mineralogical and physical distinctions between mafic-toultramafic Syrtis lavas and the phyllosilicate-rich Nili Fossae terrain that document the distinction between an earlier "wet" Mars and the drier Mars that followed. The richness of secondary minerals exhibited by this region of Nili Fossae has been well-documented and is under increasing observation [e.g. 1]. What the exposed Nili surface represents in geological terms is less well understood; is it a relatively unmodified surface reflecting Noachian processes, or has it been significantly altered by later interactions with Syrtis lavas? To address this question we have conducted a preliminary survey of the Hesperian /Noachian border between 70° and 80° E longitude and 15° and 20° latitude. Our results suggest that Syrtis lavas buried a significant portion of southeast Nili Fossae and that these flows were later removed, providing interesting implications for what the local mineralogy and geomorphology actually records.  Syrtis Major Planum is one of several 1000-km-scale volcanic constructs in the circumHellas region of Mars [e.g. 2]. At the border with Nili Fossae individual flows are long, thick and low-slope, with prominent straight and unroofed channels, suggesting low viscosity, high effusivity and ultramafic to mafic compositions [e.g. 3]. The top surfaces of flows show scarce evidence of fluvial erosion and flow margins are generally rounded with modest landsliding and talus development.  One flow in particular (hereafter called I80) offers significant insight into the relationship between Syrtis flows and the pre-existing eastern Nili surface . I-80 originates within a broad lava plain that fed flows into the largest of the Nili "Fos-
Influence of energetically active carbon on thermodynamics and phase relationship of U-C-N system

The reactions of UN with graphite and of UN with active carbon have been investigated at 1300°C and 1400°C under a variety of pressures of nitrogen gas. Results show that, at fixed pressure, the nitrogen content of the equilibrium UC-UN solid solution formed in the presence of graphite is higher than in the equilibrium UC-UN solid solution formed in the presence of active carbon. A brief thermodynamic argument explains the result in terms of the differing chemical potentials between graphite and active carbon.
Photons and temporality in quantum electrodynamics

The lowest order processes described within quantum electrodynamics are free from the problem with infinities in the theory, and can be dealt with disregarding the need for charge and mass renormalization. This might indicate that the space-time description of these processes is not only consistent but also could give a privileged insight to the functioning of models provided by the theory. The Moller scattering is as R. P. Feynman considered, a prototype for the development of his rules of quantum electrodynamics and his overall space-time approach. The study of Moller scattering might then provide the most straightforward way to the understanding of the space-time description of interactions provide by quantum electrodynamics. This method is much less powerful than might be expected at first, pointing to the intrinsic limitations of the theory in what regards the modelling of the temporality in interaction processes.
Метасталинизм: диалектика партийности и партийность диалектики (II)

Soviet philosophy went through a paradoxical transformation from denial of philosophy as such (with the replacement of it by natural sciences) in the 1920s through the victory of traditional philosophy in the debates between mechanists and Deborin’s school in late 1920 to the complete collapse of philosophical discourse by the end of the Stalin era. The coming to power of the "new leadership in philosophy" at the turn of the 1930s led to a sharp increase in the role of ideology in philosophy. Philosophy was regarded as a commissar of sciences. Dialectical and historical materialism became dominant. Only at the end of the 1930s, with the advent of the new head of Agitprop Georgi Alexandrov interest in the history of philosophy was renewed. During the war, the ideological component was beginning to prevail in Party’s decisions regarding the philosophy, taking a distinctly political form (negation of German classical philosophy, the invention of "Russian revolutionary-democratic philosophy," etc.). The pinnacle of the campaign was the so-called "Philosophical discussion" of 1947 about Alexandrov’s "History of Western European philosophy." During this debate, Stalin solved not only institutional problems, but also ideological. As a result of the discussion, the role of the history of philosophy was marginalized. In the face of fierce ideological confrontation with the West in the early years of the Cold War central place was occupied by the "critique of bourgeois philosophy," which was carried out in line with the counter-propaganda that led to factual disintegration of philosophical discourse.