nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom

When Black Culture and Black Consciousness first appeared thirty years ago, it marked a revolution in our understanding of African American history. Contrary to prevailing ideas at the time, which held that African culture disappeared quickly under slavery and that black Americans had little group pride, history, or cohesiveness, Levine uncovered a cultural treasure trove, illuminating a rich and complex African American oral tradition, including songs, proverbs, jokes, folktales, and long narrative poems called toasts-work that dated from before and after emancipation. The fact that these ideas and sources seem so commonplace now is in large part due this book and the scholarship that followed in its wake. A landmark work that was part of the "cultural turn" in American history, Black Culture and Black Consciousness profoundly influenced an entire generation of historians and continues to be read and taught. For this anniversary reissue, Levine wrote a new preface reflecting on the writing of the book and its place within intellectual trends in African American and American cultural history.
Algorithm and Software Tool for Multiple LMS Users Registering

Learning Management Systems (LMS) administrator periodically deals with big users number registering. Manual registering is monotonous but may not be assigned to low skilled staff, because such employees must have administrator’s rights. It entails possible LMS non-working condition, causes risk of strangers access and increases probability of e-learning courses author’s rights violation. Administrator’s dull work may be minimized, if to use data, entered at applicants enrollment in any files, prepared manually or exported from software applications. So, it’s necessary to develop the template, where to define formation order of significant information components about users, which must be registered; to develop software tool, which will read data from source files and will form text files, ready for import by LMS accordingly to template; to convert data using software tool and to import obtained files into LMS.
Highly (101) oriented MnO2 nanofibers synthesized using novel spray pyrolysis technique

In the present work, nanofibrous MnO2 thin films were prepared on glass substrate by a novel spray pyrolysis deposition route for different manganese acetate solution concentration from 0.5 to 2 M. The effect of solution concentration on the structural, optical and morphological properties of the films was investigated. X-ray diffraction results revealed highly (101) oriented tetragonal phase of α-MnO2 without the formation of any secondary phase. The crystallinity of the films was found to be greatly improved with increase in precursor concentration. A strong photoluminescence (PL) emission with a peak at 375 nm was detected upon excitation of the MnO2 nanofibers at room temperature, confirming that the film exhibit less defect density signifying the high crystal quality of the films. The blue shift in the PL emission caused by increasing solution concentration reveal the tunable band gap of MnO2 nanofibers, which is also confirmed from the optical absorption results which show increase in energy gap value from 2.56 to 2.77 eV. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed the formation of MnO2 nanofibers with high crystalline quality, which assemble to be honey comb like structures for the film prepared at 1.5 M concentration, suitable for super capacitor device applications.
Der andere Orientalismus : Regeln deutsch-morgenländischer Imagination im 19. Jahrhundert

This book presents the first systematic overall view of the genesis and form of what has long been discussed by researchers under the heading of "German Orientalism". Focussing historically on the early 19th century, the author sketches the literary, academic and political conditions under which the modern German image of the Orient has been constituted, and in the process proposes a fundamental theoretical revision to the key text in oriental research, Edward Said's "Orientalism". It also offers detailed individual studies on Goethe's 'West-ostlicher Divan', Hauff's fairy-tales and the oriental fantasies at the Prussian court map out the possible boundaries of an orientalist aesthetic.
Competition of Li(I) and Mg(II) for ATP binding: a 31P NMR study.

We have examined the changes in the 31P NMR chemical shifts of ATP in aqueous solution, upon addition of NaCl and LiCl at ambient temperature. NaCl and LiCl cause qualitatively similar downfield changes, although the effect of LiCl is somewhat larger. For a 2:1 mixture of Na-ATP or tris-ATP and MgCl2 at 0 degrees C, separate beta-P peaks are observed for uncomplexed ATP and ATP complexed with Mg(II) at 121.6 MHz. Addition of LiCl slightly shifts the uncomplexed Na-ATP or tris-ATP peak downfield but does not measurably shift the Mg-ATP peak or change relative intensities. Thus, Li behaves more like Na than Mg in its ATP complexation behavior, making this system a poor model for competition between Li and Mg for macromolecular binding.
Without passport : the life and work of Paul Richard

Passport is the intimate portrait of a French intellectual whose memoirs span the period 1874 to 1919. The details of his childhood are followed by an account of his military service in Tunisia. Then seminary training and an active street ministry in Lille, lead him into conflict with the Church. With him we visit Devil's Island as it was in 1905, observe his brief career as an attorney in the Paris Court of Appeals, and follow him to India and Japan in the company of Mira Alfassa who later founded the largest spiritual community (Auroville) in India. Along the way we encounter other prominent figures in the colonial independence movement, including Abdul Baha, Aurobindo Ghose, Rabindranath Tagore, and Mitsuru Toyama. Then, a severe personal crisis followed by a new life in the United States, where his most influential book, entitled The Scourge of Christ, was published in 1929. It is a good counterpoint to the adventures described in Without Passport, because it enables us to share his spiritual voyage as well.
The return from the return to narrative

Social scientific history in its various forms developed rapidly and enjoyed great influence in the 1960s and 70s. Around 1980 it was quickly and, in the United States decisively, eclipsed. An influential article predicting and announcing this shift was Lawrence Stone's, "The return of narrative", of 1979. This lecture takes Stone's criticisms of social scientific history as its starting point, discusses the nature of the estrangement between history and the social sciences, and offers evidence that new questions are bringing history and the social sciences closer together again.
To the ones in need or the ones you need? The political economy of central discretionary grants − empirical evidence from Indonesia

We analyze the allocation of discretionary grants from the central government to local governments in Indonesia. Using OLS and Fixed Effects models on an unbalanced panel data set for more than 400 Indonesian districts covering the period 2005–2013, we investigate whether the allocation of the grants are determined by the need of a district, by political alignment of the central government with the local district heads, or by reelection motives of the incumbent president. We find that grants are not determined by need characteristics and that political considerations matter significantly. Districts with low support for the president received significantly more than the core supporting districts, especially in the year of national elections. This effect is limited to the first term of the president. In the second term, after which reelection is impossible, political considerations were largely absent. This pattern is consistent with the view that the incumbent president considers discretionary grants as an instrument to increase reelection probabilities. Unlike the evidence for most countries, we find no effect for political party alignment with local district heads. Our results are robust to the inclusion of a number of other variables capturing competing motives.
Materializing the Societal Effect: Organizational Forms and Changing Patterns of Dominance in the Paper Industry

This paper reports an empirical study on the co-evolution of competitive conditions dominating firms and organizational forms in the paper industry1. It has two main theoretical implications. First, with respect to research on national business systems and the societal effect, we suggest that the country of origin imprints firms especially by allowing them to develop distinctive organizational forms. Second, we show that the competitive conditions, dominant forms and dominant firms remain in constant flux even in mature industries. There is, therefore, a need for co-evolutionary research to continue to combine long-term perspectives and intensive research designs in the study of specific industries.
Skepticism And Cynicism In The Work Of Pedro De Valencia

This chapter is a contribution to the history of the reception of Hellenistic philosophy in late Renaissance and early modern Europe. Hellenistic philosophy consisted of several contending schools, of which the best known are the Stoics and Epicureans. One important scholar from late sixteenth and early seventeenth century Spain seems to have been as interested in ancient cynicism as he was in skepticism: Pedro de Valencia. Pedro de Valencia wrote his Academica in 1590 and it was printed in Antwerp in 1596 at the behest of some of his friends. Valencia's economic and political writings have been published in two volumes of the Complete Works . Valencia's work on cynicism consisted largely of translations and imitations of ancient cynical work on retirement from public life.  ancient skepticism; Greek cynicism; Pedro de Valencia
Alienation and Emotional Maturity

Despite the lengthy interest in alienation, scholars have not addressed the question of differential individual response to social and personal problems. Research has indicated that the alienated are less likely to confront their problems, e.g., alienation correlates negatively with utilization of medical services and marital adjustment scores. Emotional maturity, on the other hand, has been found related to better marital adjustment, etc. One under-utilized approach, therefore, is to consider alienation as a manifestation of inadequate socialization. A study of 582 lowerclassmen in a midwest university found virtually zero correlations between social background factors and alienation, but significant, inverse relationships between alienation and emotional maturity. However, despite the link between alienation and emotional maturity, we suggest that further research be directed toward the interaction between personality and situation, based on the proposition that individuals may manifest alienat...
Comparing Operational Models of Name-Passing Process Calculi

We study three operational models of name-passing process calculi: coalgebras on (pre)sheaves, indexed labelled transition systems, and history dependent automata.The coalgebraic model is considered both for presheaves over the category of finite sets and injections, and for its subcategory of atomic sheaves known as the Schanuel topos. We characterise the transition relations induced by the coalgebraic model, observing the differences between the first two models. Furthermore by imposing conditions on history dependent automata, this model is shown to become equivalent to the sheaf-theoretic coalgebraic model.
W. H. Auden's Public Art: From Poetic Reticence to Operatic Performance

W. H. Auden brought the matter of the homoerotic love lyric into a public form in his mid-century operas. This article examines Auden's aeuvre through the lens of performativity as various attempts to formalize a homoerotic identity. I argue that Auden's Augustan propensities in opera—his sense of opera as a repository of civic art and the high style—are more fully understood against the backdrop of the strategies of the performative love lyric. Reading the civic thematics of Auden's operas as part of an erotic project reveal libretti that implicate sexual with civic politics, thus queering the “high style.”
Introduction to environmental horticulture: issues and future.

This chapter attempts to put environmental horticulture into context. What are the core values of this discipline? Where does it come from? Where does its future lie? The expression ‘environmental horticulture’ first begins to appear in the literature and educational course terminology in the 1980s, particularly in North America. It is gradually adopted as a term for the subset of horticulture that is concerned with the use and management of plants in public and semi-public environments. In some parts of the world it replaces the term ‘urban horticulture’, although in many cases these descriptors co-exist for long periods of time, and in essence cover the same territory. In the UK, the words ‘environmental’ and ‘urban’ never really catch on as course descriptors, with the much older term ‘amenity horticulture’ tending to persist right up to the present day. These days in North America and elsewhere, ‘landscape horticulture’ is often the preferred term used to cover the planting and maintenance of landscape plants in public or private space. At one level these terms are just about marketing and branding, trying to present a modern, culturally responsive face to compete in the educational marketplace for students. At another level these newer names signify changing ideas within this branch of horticulture. In the UK the term ‘amenity horticulture’ first emerges in the 1970s to denote the horticulture that is concerned with public and semi-public landscape spaces, as opposed to various forms of crop production. This particular term develops at the same time as recreation and leisure management and reflects a view of the world where this strand of horticulture exists to provide leisure or amenity benefits to citizens through the cultivation of plants in public landscapes (largely urban) visited by the public. The 1970s and 1980s witnessed substantial changes in how horticulture interacted with plants in public spaces. The emergence of landscape architecture as the dominant design discipline in public spaces greatly reduced the role of horticulturalists in plant use decisions, particularly on new build, or other capital intensive projects. There were also significant changes within, for example, local authority parks departments, which led to a diminution of horticultural ambition and capacity. The first of these changes in the UK were a result of the Bains report (1972) which identified just how inefficient the delivery of many local authority services were, including parks. This led to experimentation with new forms of service delivery that has continued because of changing political philosophies, up to the present day (Byrne, 1994). The first of these was the shift from the standard day Introduction to Environmental Horticulture: Issues and Future
Scenario generation based on existing software operation history

Scenarios, which represent operation flows of a software package, are often described in requirements elicitation phase by a natural language. Stakeholders that do not have knowledge of software development are said that they can easily understand and describe scenarios. However, defining appropriate granularities of input and output items and individual operations and describing scenarios without mistakes and missing are difficult. Actual task flows are not always appropriate for computer operation flows. In addition, even if the actual task flows in business are strictly represented in scenarios, software may not be usable. it is difficult to describe appropriate operation flows considering usability in scenarios. When a new software package is developed, stakeholders may survey existing software packages similar to the software package that they require. In this method, to support for describing appropriate scenarios, stakeholders try to use the existing software packages, and scenarios are generated using the operation histories. Scenarios are customized considering the actual task flows in business, limitations of input and output orders, and usability, and stakeholders can obtain the required scenarios.
Modular Termination and Combinability for Superposition Modulo Counter Arithmetic

Modularity is a highly desirable property in the development of satisfiability procedures. In this paper we are interested in using a dedicated superposition calculus to develop satisfiability procedures for (unions of) theories sharing counter arithmetic. In the first place, we are concerned with the termination of this calculus for theories representing data structures and their extensions. To this purpose, we prove a modularity result for termination which allows us to use our superposition calculus as a satisfiability procedure for combinations of data structures. In addition, we present a general combinability result that permits us to use our satisfiability procedures into a non-disjoint combination method a la Nelson-Oppen without loss of completeness. This latter result is useful whenever data structures are combined with theories for which superposition is not applicable, like theories of arithmetic.
Empowering hypertensive patients on chronic medicines at primary health care facilities in South Africa with knowledge to improve disease management

Uncontrolled hypertension negatively impacts on mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-driven patient counselling and education model to empower hypertensive patients on chronic medication.  An operational research project with a quasi-experimental design including an intervention group (55 patients) and a control group (31 patients) of chronic hypertensive patients. Data were collected with interview-administered questionnaires and analysed using SAS® version 9.4. Pharmacist interventions included an educational diary on hypertension management and patient counselling.  There was a 34.7% improvement in patients’ understanding of what normal blood pressure (BP) is in the intervention group compared to the control group (p 90%).  A pharmacist driven patient counselling and education model can help improve patients’ hypertension knowledge and BP control. These should increasingly become routine, aiming to improve chronic disease management.
A Simple Proof for the Completeness of Floyd's Method

In , Csirmaz defined a semantics for programs, and proved the completeness of Floyd's method w.r.t, this semantics, generalizing the results in . The semantics in  is the most natural generalization of the continuous traces semantics of . The proof in  is rather deep and difficult, constructing counterexamples (models) for unprovable programs. Here we give a simple direct proof for this completeness result constructing the Floyd proofs themselves. The present proof is simpler than even the original proof in  which worked only for the special case of theories containing Peano arithmetic. The theorem in  turned out to be rather important in at least two branches of Nonstandard Dynamic Logic (NDL), namely in the 'lattice of program verification methods' and in the 'explicit representations of famous program verification methods' (see, e.g., [6, 7, 3, 1] or, for NDL in general, ). Thus, the rSle of the theorem in these areas motivated the quest for a simpler proof. We use the notation and definitions of [4], without recalling them, but we note the following. The intuitive meaning of the kind of semantics for programs introduced in  (called relational runs) has been elaborated and explained in [8, 9] in detail. Also, the connections with various famous program verification methods (in their original forms) like Floyd's, Burstall-Manna-Waldinger's, and Pnueli's are expounded there. Throughout, we work in usual classical first order logic (L), where ~ denotes semantical consequence and ~denotes provability (by any complete inference system for first-order logic). By the completeness theorem of first-order logic, we have that T ~ ~p holds if and only if T ~q~, for any theory T ~_ L and formula tp ~ L.
How to verify the redshift mechanism of low-energy quantum gravity

In the model of low-energy quantum gravity by the author, the redshift mechanism is quantum and local, and it is not connected with any expansion of the Universe. A few possibilities to verify its predictions are considered here: the specialized ground-based laser experiment; a deceleration of massive bodies and the Pioneer anomaly; a non-universal character of the Hubble diagram for soft and hard radiations; galaxy/quasar number counts.
Points of general relativistic shock wave interaction are ‘regularity singularities’ where space–time is not locally flat

We show that the regularity of the gravitational metric tensor in spherically symmetric spacetimes cannot be lifted from $C^{0,1}$ to $C^{1,1}$ within the class of $C^{1,1}$ coordinate transformations in a neighborhood of a point of shock wave interaction in General Relativity, without forcing the determinant of the metric tensor to vanish at the point of interaction. This is in contrast to Israel's Theorem which states that such coordinate transformations always exist in a neighborhood of a point on a smooth single shock surface. The results thus imply that points of shock wave interaction represent a new kind of singularity for perfect fluids evolving in spacetime, singularities that make perfectly good sense physically, that can form from the evolution of smooth initial data, but at which the spacetime is not locally Minkowskian under any coordinate transformation. In particular, at such singularities, delta function sources in the second derivatives of the gravitational metric tensor exist in all coordinate systems of the $C^{1,1}$ atlas, but due to cancelation, the curvature tensor remains uniformly bounded.
Sustainable governance for small desert settlements: Combining single settlement localism and multi-settlement regionalism

Deserts are, by their nature, sparsely populated areas. On one recent reckoning undertaken for the Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre by Taylor, Brown and Bell, the Australian desert accounted for 45 per cent of the continental land mass but contained just one per cent of the population: i.e. about 180,000 people out of just over 18 million people Australia-wide at the time of the 2001  About half these desert dwelling Australians lived in just five urban settlements with populations of over 10,000 people. Another quarter lived in 17 smaller urban settlements of between 1,000 and 3,500 people. And the last quarter lived in about 400 small desert settlements with average populations of just 100 or so (Taylor, Brown and Bell 2006: 38).
Structure Transformations and Property of Electroless Ni-B Coating

WT5BZ]A Ni B coating is prepared by EP with potassium borohydride reducing agent The as plating microstructure of coating is confirmed to be a mixture of amorphous and supersaturated solid solution with XRD analysis The micro hardness is up to HV1300 after heat treatment The transformation process of the coating microstructure depends on heat treatment temperature, and 350℃ is the critical temperature of microstructure transformation It is found that Ni 2B is formed during this transformation process The factors which influence on hardness of coating are evolution of stress, dissolution of B and formation of Ni 3B and Ni 2B And the formation of Ni 2B is the key factor The peaks of micro hardness curves vary with heat treatment temperatures, and tend to shorten heat treatment time with higher temperature The transformation process becomes more complex when the heat treatment temperature accesses crystallizing temperature