nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
KANSER TANISI ALAN ÇOCUK HASTALARDA ORAL SAĞLIĞIN SAĞLANMASI

The survival rate of childhood cancer, for 5 years, reached 80% after the progresion of cancer treatment in the last 20 years. Therefore cancer is a chronic disease that characterised by acute attacks. Systemic and oral complications increase with the increasing of life span. Infection risk, hospitalization period and treatment cost incerase with develping of oral complications during the treatment and after the treatment like pain, nutritional problems, disfagi, anorexia. And these factors effect treatment prognosis negatively. One to third of sepsis in all of these patients depends on oral infections. So, pediatric dentistry has an important role on cancer multydiciplinary treatment protocols. Dental approaches should be completed effectively in a short time according to medical history and treatment protocol. Although protective applications like oral hygiene education, diet regulation, flour application, prevention of trismus, lip care are same in all periods of cancer patients, additional applications are necessary in teratment steps. In our study we will check dental applications upto periods according to literatures
Market Risk: An introduction to the concept & analytics of Value-at-risk

In recent years the concept of Value-at-risk has achieved prominence among risk managers for the purpose of market risk measurement and control. Spurred by the increasing complexity and volume of trade in derivatives, and by the numerous headline cases of institutions sustaining enormous losses from their derivatives activities, risk managers have acknowledged the need for a unified risk measurement and management strategy. Furthermore, the regulatory authorities, recognising the systemic threat posed by the growth and complexity of derivatives trading, moved swiftly to address this problem. As a result, the European Union approved EC/93/6, "The Capital Adequacy Directive", which mandates financial institutions to quantify and measure risk on an aggregate basis and to set aside capital to cover potential losses which might accrue from their market positions. More recently, the Basle committee of the BIS published an amendment to the "Capital Accord" which makes provision for the use of proprietary in-house models to be employed instead of the original framework. The proposed basis of these in-house models is the value-at-risk framework. In this paper, we present an introductory exposition to the concept of Value-at-risk describing, among other things, the methods commonly employed in its calculation, and a brief critique of each.
A new use of operators in the algebraic mode of REDUCE

It is apparent for many users of REDUCE  that in the algebraic mode many facilities available in the symbolic mode are lacking. Consequently, the programming of nontrivial problems very soon becomes unnecessarily complicated. This situation is unsatisfactory mainly for two reasons:1) Though some users will turn to the symbolic mode, many of them do not have the time to master it and are not supposed to know LISP.
Hierarchy Amidst Anarchy: A Transaction Costs Approach to International Security Cooperation

interested actors voluntarily curtail their sovereignty to obtain needed assurances, yet that these actors have a choice among cooperative security arrangements with different degrees of "bindingness." The key,to understanding countries' international institutional choices is in focusing on economic theories of organization and, more specifically, transaction costs. The study begins with the conceptualization of a continuum of cooperative security arrangements with different degrees of bindingness. It then examines different bodies of literature-the traditional realist model and economies-of-scale arguments-and claims that both fail to account for hierarchical security structures in the international system. Recognizing that economists explain hierarchy amidst market anarchy by examining transaction costs, the study makes use of this insight by developing an analogous argument for hierarchy in international politics. Finally, to test the propositions advanced in this article, a brief case study examines plans for the creation of a European Defense Community.
Binary transformation of applications to run on bare PCs

Operating1 systems or kernels assist in running conventional applications. Bare machine computing (BMC) applications run on bare machines without using an operating system or a kernel. BMC applications are thus independent of any execution platform promoting longevity and reducing obsolescence. We investigate the binary transformation of conventional applications enabling them to run on bare machines. Three sample applications are used to demonstrate the binary transformation process and show the feasibility of our approach. Two Visual Studio applications are transformed to run on a bare PC and one large bare PC application binary is linked dynamically and transformed to run with a bare PC Web server. The transformation process and the dynamic linking of binary modules help to identify design and research issues. Our work lays a foundation to achieve the ultimate goal of making applications independent of computing platforms and environments.
and Sexual Deviance in Nineteenth Century Travel Writing

teristic in the context of the English empire in the nineteenth century. Analysis of nineteenth century travel writing in British colonies of the South Seas demonstrates how these texts may be considered colonial/ imperial discourse rather than just touristic documents alone. Colonial travel writing of this period typically presents Western European practitioners (usually the authors themselves) drawing moral assessments of native colonial cultures from journeys that become part vacation, part civic duty. These texts additionally provide context for contemporary modes of moral panicking, especially as their global concerns are compounded in current internet culture. I will lastly show how contemporary internet deviant culture reflects these nineteenth century narratives. The primary text discussed in this chapter is Herman Melville’s short novel Typee. Charles Warren Stoddard’s Cruising the South Seas is also analyzed in order to broaden the context. Both novels present archetypal travel writing and imperial discourse prevalent during this period, providing a glimpse of British colonies in the South Seas. Charles Warren Stoddard (1843–1909), an American author and editor, primarily wrote autobiographical works that often detailed his travels. Herman Melville (1819–1891), on the contrary, mainly wrote fictional works. His landmark novel, Moby-Dick, would later solidify him as a
Situations and Computation: An Overview of Recent Research

Serious thinking about the computational aspects of situation theory is just starting. There have been some recent proposals in this direction (viz. PROSIT and ASTL), with varying degrees of divergence from the ontology of the theory. We believe that a programming environment incorporating bona fide situation-theoretic constructs is needed and describe our very recent BABY-SIT implementation. A detailed critical account of PROSIT and ASTL is also offered in order to compare our system with these pioneering and influential frameworks.
A radiochemical study of irreversible adsorption of proteins on reversed-phase chromatographic packing materials.

A radiochemical study of the irreversible adsorption of proteins on commercial reversed-phase HPLC packing materials is reported. The conditions of study are similar to those used in HPLC separation of protein. The effects of the amount and contact time of two proteins, ovalbumin and cytochrome c, are reported. Additional results include the effect of column pretreatment with protein, silanophilic mobile-phase blocking agent, and type of packing material on the extent of irreversible adsorption. The loss process is shown to be at least biphasic and the mechanisms of loss distinct for different proteins.
Literature and medicine: the state of the field.

is that illness is not a metaphor, and that the most truthful way of regarding illness-and the healthiest way of being ill-is one most purified of, more resistant to, metaphoric thinking. Yet it is hardly possible to take up one's residence in the kingdom of the ill unprejudiced by the lurid metaphors with which it has been landscaped. It is toward an elucidation of those metaphors, and a liberation from them, that I dedicate this inquiry. -SUSAN SONTAG, Illness as Metaphor, 1979 JITERATURE AND MEDICINE, unlike literature and science (whose li "state of the field" was recently surveyed in this journal'), is not a field that has claimed significant numbers of students, certainly not of historians of science. This is not because medicine and literature interact less frequently or less intensely than science and literature, but because scholars-both literary historians and historians of science-have misunderstood or not been interested in the nature of the interaction. Moreover, medicine has made its appearance at unpredictable times in literature: in Lucretius's De rerum natura, Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Johnson's Rasselas; in eighteenth-century English novels whose protagonists often suffer from fashionable diseases of the age, Goethe's dramatic poems, nineteenth-century English novels such as George Eliot's Middlemarch (in which Lydgate, a physician, epitomizes the whole European tradition of the physician); in Proust's Remembrance of Things Past, Joyce's Ulysses, Thomas Mann's Magic Mountain; and in many plays in which some essential aspect of the medical profession is captured (as in the madhouse scenes in Ibsen's Peer Gynt or in Alan Dysart's psychiatric ward in Peter Shaffer's Equus). The literary historian or historian of science who specializes in a given epoch or period will not observe the entire curve of the interaction. The irony of this contrast-literature and science versus literature and medicine-is that medicine surely has far more than science to offer literature,
Do Economists Reach a Conclusion on Subsidies for Sports Franchises, Stadiums, and Mega-Events?

This paper reviews the empirical literature assessing the effects of subsidies for professional sports franchises and facilities. The evidence reveals a great deal of consistency among economists doing research in this area. That evidence is that sports subsidies cannot be justified on the grounds of local economic development, income growth or job creation, those arguments most frequently used by subsidy advocates. The paper also relates survey evidence showing that economists in general oppose sports subsidies. In addition to reviewing the empirical literature, we describe the economic intuition that probably underlies the strong consensus among economists against sports subsidies.
A dynamic managerial theory of corruption and productivity among firms in developing countries

In this paper, a simple dynamic model of efficient firm-level managerial resource allocation to two uses, one involving productivity activities and another one involving corruption activities to “get things done” was developed. The model follows the optimal control theory process. Two operational equations are derived representing firm growth and shadow-price behavior. Firm-level interview data on surrogates for the firm’s inputs was used for domestically owned firms in developing economies covering two time periods. The SUR method was used to estimate jointly the two equations. Overall, the model fit the data quite well. It was found that the managerial surrogates; namely, capacity utilization, formal worker training, and the time spent dealing with government regulations, were positive and significant predictors of firm output growth and the shadow-price of its capital with a few negative exceptions. Implicitly, there appears to be a trade-off between managerial resources used for growth and those used for the shadow price. Policy implications were discussed briefly.
Role of eBusiness in Transition of Yugoslav Economy

This paper presents the state of development of e-business and Internet use in Yugoslavia. The problems Yugoslavia faces in this matter are in some respect very similar but in other very specific comparing to other transition economies. Having in mind ten years period of Yugoslav isolation from European and world economy, for this country general economic transition (which starts much later comparing to other countries) and the move towards e-oriented economy were parallel and mutual reinforcing tasks. Both are pre-condition for further domestic development and quicker reintegration in the world market. E-Life in Yugoslavia under this analytical framework was presented by describing the activities undertaken in the field of e-banking, e-commerce, e-education and by pointing out some government initiatives and the importance of regional and international cooperation in this field. Marijana Vidas-Bubanja, Emilija Vuksanovic, Borislav Joanov 20
A semiconducting thermooptic material for potential application to super-resolution optical data storage

To find its practical use in ultrahigh density optical data storage, superresolution (SR) technique needs a material that can render a high SR capability at no cost of durability against repeated read/write. Thermoelectric materials are proposed as candidates capable of yielding solid state SR effects in the absence of phase changes that are detrimental to durability. As a prototype material, PbTe is selected due to a large thermoelectric Seebeck coefficient and a high stability of a crystalline single phase state up to its melting temperature of 924 °C. A preliminary study of Pb 51 Te 49 thin films was carried out with the following findings: Firstly, under exposure to pulsed light, completely reversible changes in transmittance take place regardless of power. Secondly, light transmittance grows with increasing laser power and this is not due to melting except at relatively high powers. By way of optical calculations using the measured reflectance and transmittance values combined with thermal calculations, a temperature variation of effective optical constants ( n , k ) was also estimated to find that both of them decrease with increasing temperature.
Partitioning and local matching learning of large biomedical ontologies

Conventional ontology matching systems are not well-tailored to ensure sufficient quality alignments for large ontology matching tasks. In this paper, we propose a local matching learning strategy to align large and complex biomedical ontologies. We define a novel partitioning approach that breakups large ontology alignment task into a set of local sub-matching tasks. We perform a machine learning approach for each local sub-matching task. We build a local machine learning model for each sub-matching task without any user involvement. Each local matching learning model automatically provides adequate matching settings for each local sub-matching task. Our results show that: (i) partitioning approach outperforms existing techniques, (ii) local matching while using a specific machine learning model for each sub-matching task yields to promising results and (iii) the combination between partitioning and machine learning increases the overall result.
New decomposition ofππS-wave interaction

The experimental isoscalar �� ! �� S-wave amplitude squared below 1.75 GeV is characterized by a very broad structure f0(4001200) with two narrow dips due to its destructive interference with the f0(980) and f0(1500). The f0(1370) and f0(1710) do not show up clearly in the �� ! �� S-wave amplitude due to their weak coupling to ��. This paper is about the controversial nature of the broad
Crustal Formation at Depth During Continental Collision

The rapid (1–2 mm/yr) and substantial (over 10 km) Tertiary exhumation of the Coast Crystalline Complex near Prince Rupert, British Columbia led to the exposure of rocks formed at crustal depths of 15-20 km and greater. Abundant sills, mostly tonalite in composition, delivered a thermal pulse which locally raised temperatures to the low-pressure granulite facies within the intruded section. The thermal pulse and exhumation are recorded by the metamorphic mineral assemblages and textures, and by isotopic cooling ages. The net result of the thermal and deformation events is a sequence more than 10 km thick of interlayered migmatite, tonalite sills, ductile high strain zones, sillimanite- and garnet-rich rocks (stronalite), other metasedimentary rocks, and amphibolite. Foliations in all units dip gently except where cut by near vertical ductile shear zones, within which foliations are sub-parallel to the shear zone boundaries. During uplift, strain was concentrated in the ductile shear zones. If the section had not been exhumed, seismic reflection profiling would show shallow dipping reflectors in the deep crust due to the contrast in density and fabric of the layers.
PREDICTING THE PATTERN OF INTERNATIONAL SPECIALIZATION IN THE NEOCLASSICAL TRADE MODEL: A SYNTHESIS

I propose a framework for thinking about the predictability of a theory. A set of conceivable outcomes is taken as the primitive and a theory is said to make a prediction by identifying a subset on the set of conceivable outcomes. I use this notion of predictability as an organizing principle for characterizing pattern of international specialization in the neoclassical trade model. I identify " local/global efficiency " as the unifying subset selection criterion for the different formulations of the neoclassical trade model, ranging from Ricardo's (1817) labour content formulation to the empirically relevant multi-cone Heckscher-Ohlin specification with multiple countries, goods and factors.
Het maritieme cultuurlandschap van Schokland

This article examines the dynamic past of the former island of Schokland. To this end, the concept of the maritime cultural landscape (Westerdahl 1992) is used and adapted by adding a defined chronological and geographical dimension and by considering the concept on four scales. Scale 1 focuses on Schokland as the centre of a larger geographical unit (in this case the Zuiderzee, now IJsselmeer), scale 2 examines the island itself, scale 3 analyses a part of the island in detail (in this case the settlement of Emmeloord) and scale 4 highlights one specific element of the maritime cultural landscape (in this case shipwreck NP 15). The interaction between the different scales and the use of multidisciplinary datasets creates an opportunity to reconstruct and bring to life the past of Schokland.
Application of green buildings' evaluation system in old housing renewal

As the development of old housing renewal year by year, the performance evaluation before the project construction and the achievements assessment when the renewal project finished play a more important role. How to grasp the performance of the old house scientifically and how to renewal the old housing as a green, low-carbon, sustainable development buildings is our main research point. In this paper, the “Evaluation standard for green building” and lots of domestic and international mature norms that have been accredited were referenced. A serial of evaluation system which focuses on the green building assessment was established. And it has applied to the “demonstration base” of the Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period for its effectiveness and scientificalness verification. We hope it will apply to more old housing renewal program.
Who Got Einstein's Office? - Eccentricity And Genius At The Institute For Advanced Study

An anecdotal account of Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study, which has housed many of the greatest mathematicians and scientists of the century: Einstein, Godel, Oppenheimer, Von Neumann, TD Lee and Mandelbrot among them. Regis interweaves the history of the Institute, its rivalries, friendships, discoveries and great names, with an account of its current researchers and their work on cellular automata, fractals and other areas on the cutting edge of modern science.
Медиакратия в ФРГ: американизация политической коммуникации?

The article is aimed to analyzing the level of mediatization of politics and of americanization of political communication in modern Germany. The author conducts historical analysis of the development of political communication in postwar Germany on the example of the relationship between media and chancellors, from Konrad Adenauer to Angela Merkel, making the conclusion that during the post-war German history more mediatized chancellors were replaced by less mediatized ones. It also turns out that those of them who were favorites of media in the beginning of their chancellorship, such as Willy Brandt and Gerhard Schroder, ended their political career as media victims”, and those who were more conservative in their attitude to political and image making technologies gradually gained popularity during their chancellorship, for example, Helmut Kohl and Angela Merkel. In general, although some mediacracy features are evident in the country, election results today do not give us the reason to talk about the high level of americanization of political communication in Germany.
REVIEW OF SOME PROCESSES FOR CERAMIC‐TO‐METAL JOINING

Various methods are discussed for the joining of ceramics to metals and vice versa. State‐of‐the‐art techniques including refractory metallizations and active metal brazing are detailed from both a processing and applications standpoint. Various approaches to forming ceramic/metal joints or thin film coatings have been developed over the years to address the need to combine the properties of both types of materials for both electrical and structural applications. These methods address not only physical and chemical compatibility concerns but also the need for bonds between dissimilar materials to survive the rigors of use generated by such inevitable mismatches as can be found in expansion, elastic, reactive and thermal cycling behavior.