nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility: some international comparisons. Policy Research Working Paper No. 6304

Despite a recent surge in the number of studies attempting to measure inequality of opportunity in various countries, methodological differences have so far prevented meaningful international comparisons. This paper presents a comparison of ex-ante measures of inequality of economic opportunity (IEO) across 41 countries, and of the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for 39 countries. It also examines international correlations between these indices and output per capita, income inequality, and intergenerational mobility. The analysis finds evidence of a "Kuznets curve" for inequality of opportunity, and finds that the IEO index is positively correlated with overall income inequality, and negatively with measures of intergenerational mobility, both in incomes and in years of schooling. The HOI is highly correlated with the Human Development Index, and its internal measure of inequality of opportunity yields very different country rankings from the IEO measure.
Invariant diagrams with data refinement

Invariant based programming is an approach where we start to construct a program by first identifying the basic situations (pre- and post-conditions as well as invariants) that could arise during the execution of the algorithm. These situations are identified before any code is written. After that, we identify the transitions between the situations, which will give us the flow of control in the program. Data refinement is a technique of building correct programs working on concrete data structures as refinements of more abstract programs working on abstract data types. We study in this paper data refinement for invariant based programs and we apply it to the construction of the classical Deutsch–Schorr–Waite graph marking algorithm. Our results are formalized and mechanically proved in the Isabelle/HOL theorem prover.
Aplying mechatronic elements in developing and construction work centres

Aplying mechatronics method in development and construction of machine-tools is fundamental idea for advance quality developed products. Other benefit are lower costs for engineering and development in this region. Mechatronics methods and her initiation in practices have the same benefit as apllying CAD/CAM systems for constructing and designing in industry in ninety years of the last century. Companies which underrated benefits of these systems before twenty years, now simply doesn't exist on the market shapping machines. The same significance have coming mechatronics methods.
Metal Matrix Composites

In metal matrix composites, a metal is combined with another, often nonmetallic, phase to produce a novel material having attractive engineering attributes of its own. A subject of much research in the 1980s and 1990s, this class of materials has, in the past decade, increased significantly in variety. Copper matrix composites, layered composites, high-conductivity composites, nanoscale composites, microcellular metals, and bio-derived composites have been added to a palette that, ten years ago, mostly comprised ceramic fiber– or particle-reinforced light metals together with some well-established engineering materials, such as WC-Co cermets. At the same time, research on composites such as particle-reinforced aluminum, aided by novel techniques such as large-cell 3-D finite element simulation or computed X-ray microtomography, has served as a potent vehicle for the elucidation of the mechanics of high-contrast two-phase elastoplastic materials, with implications that range well beyond metal matrix compos...
SCALAR: Scalable data lookup and replication protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

Data replication, as an essential service for MANETs, is used to increase data availability by creating local or nearly located copies of frequently used items, reduce communication overhead, achieve fault-tolerance and load balancing. Data replication protocols proposed for MANETs are often prone to scalability problems due to their definitions or underlying routing protocols they are based on. In particular, they exhibit poor performance when the network size is scaled up. However, scalability is an important criterion for several MANET applications. We propose a scalable and reactive data replication approach, named SCALAR, combined with a low-cost data lookup protocol. SCALAR is a virtual backbone based solution, in which the network nodes construct a connected dominating set based on network topology graph. To the best of our knowledge, SCALAR is the first work applying virtual backbone structure to operate a data lookup and replication process in MANETs. Theoretical message-complexity analysis of the proposed protocols is given. Extensive simulations are performed to analyze and compare the behavior of SCALAR, and it is shown to outperform the other solutions in terms of data accessibility, message overhead and query deepness. It is also demonstrated as an efficient solution for high-density, high-load, large-scale mobile ad hoc networks.
First Annual Symposium of the Institute for Gounod Studies. 23-24 March 1991. The College Club, Pittsburgh

The Institute for Gounod Studies at Carnegie Mellon University, founded in cooperation with the University of Paris in February 1989, is envisioned as a site and a forum for the study of French music, especially that of the nineteenth century. It has three aims: to examine the creative influence of Charles Gounod; to perform his music and rarely heard works of others; and to examine the political, economic, psychological and linguistic contexts of nineteenth-century French musical activity. In addition to developing a research collection of books, scores, recordings and manuscripts of the nineteenth century, the Institute has also organized a yearly symposium that will enable scholars working in the field to exchange information and ideas. Organized by Prof. Kenneth Langevin of Carnegie Mellon, who is also a moving force behind the establishment of the Institute, the First Annual Gounod Symposium, was held 23-24 March 1991, at The College Club in Pittsburgh. At this two-day symposium scholars from the United States and Canada presented fifteen papers that touched upon a number of the leading French or Paris-based composers of the nineteenth century: Meyerbeer, Berlioz, Liszt, Thomas, Offenbach, Saint-Saans, Bizet, d'Indy and Debussy. Gounod, for his part, received special attention as a composer of opera. Within these parameters, however, topics ranged widely, from literary or metaphorical interpretations to the presentation of little-known social-historical information and the performance of nearly forgotten works and early versions, either live or on tape. The first of the four sessions, organized around literary contexts, opened with a paper by William E. Grim (Ohio University), "Gounod's Faust as a Literary Metaphor." He pointed out that the popularity of Faust led to its frequent use as metaphor and subject matter 133
Die antieke Griekse lofgedig

Ancient Greek praise poems Arguing from both the surviving texts themselves and from ancient theorists, the present article deals with early Greek lyric poems in praise of human beings. This type of lyric falls under the more “secular types” of ancient Greek lyric, in the sense that they were addressed, not to a divine being, but to a human being. The context or space of such “secular” lyric performance includes, not only the public gathering of officials and the populace, but also the private and intimate circle of individuals with shared interests. Both choral odes and solo-lyrics are therefore involved. The lyric types discussed are the praise poem, the war poem, the political poem and the dirge.
Managing integrated marketing communication (IMC) through strategic decoupling: how luxury wine firms retain brand leadership while appearing to be wedded to the past

Firms increasingly leverage cultural sources of authenticity in their communication strategies to derive competitive advantage and brand value. The management of authenticity presents problems for brand managers. This paper draws on institutional theory by examining how firms deliberately decouple projected images from internal operations to create powerful brand images. The authors explore the strategies of 26 prestige wineries across 5 countries, and find that brand managers deliberately decouple outward images from internal practices, walking a fine line between remaining "true" to important values and real commercial considerations. The findings challenge whether integrated marketing communication (IMC) always requires tight integration with internal operations (the "one voice, one look" view of IMC). Our findings have particular relevance for niche marketers.
On the Axiomatics of the 5-Dimensional Projective Unified Field Theory of Schmutzer

For more than 40 years E. Schmutzer has developed a new approach to the (5-dimensional) projective relativistic theory which he later called Projective Unified Field Theory (PUFT). In the present paper we introduce a new axiomatics for Schmutzer's theory. By means of this axiomatics we can give a new geometrical interpretation of the physical concept of the PUFT.
The Jacob Cycle in Angels in America: Re-Performing Scripture Queerly

As theater is an art form that many times juxtaposes texts with the performing body, one of its main contributions to Jewish culture could be in its “corporeal reading” of Jewish textual heritage. Tony Kushner’s celebrated play Angels in America proposes such a reading of Jewish texts—mainly the biblical Jacob cycle and the Jewish tradition regarding angels—as a queer re-performance that emphasizes bodily aspects such as desire, sexuality, and disease. Analyzing the play alongside Jewish classical texts from the midrashic and exegetic traditions, this paper suggests that the re-performance of Jewish texts as queer repertoire in Angels in America raises questions about the politics of the body in contemporary culture while at the same time opening up new horizons within textual tradition itself, exploring new meanings within these texts—as well as the efficacy of their performance.
The Evolution of Vertical Database Architectures - A Historical Review (Keynote Talk)

My intention in this lecture is to discuss the evolution of key concepts behind today's emerging vertical database architectures. The Cantor project [5, 7] pioneered the analysis and coordinated application of many of these concepts in relational systems, which is one reason why references to this work are a recurring theme in what follows. The other reason is that although the work was duly reported in reasonably well-known conference publications, it has left no trace in citations. Thus, from a strictly evolutionary perspective, Cantor was a dead branch which left no progeny, but from a historical perspective it might still provide useful lessons.
Vacuum deposited polycrystalline silicon films for solar cell applications. Final report, 29 September 1978-30 September 1979

The DOE goal of obtaining low-cost, 10% efficient solar cells was approached through the development of a potentially all-vacuum fabrication process incorporating vacuum deposited, thin-film, polycrystalline silicon. Experimental devices were constructed in layers as follows: alumina substrate/TiB/sub 2/ bottom electrode/p-type polycrystalline silicon film/diffused silicon n-region/Ti-Ag electrode. An essential feature of this design is the TiB/sub 2/ bottom electrode which is stable with respect to silicon up to 1200/sup 0/C and remains conducting after the silicon deposition. Grain growth, film composition and interfacial analyses, and photovoltaic characteristics were investigated using secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray diffraction and conventional electronics measurements techniques. Average grain diameters in the films parallel to the substrate were 5 ..mu..m. Phosphorus was diffused into the silicon film using standard techniques to create n-p junctions. Al, Ti, and Ti/Ag electrodes were used as top contacts to the n-type layer. Typical of the best photovoltaic responses from small grained devices without antireflection coating or electrode geometry optimization were V/sub oc/ = 0.26V, J/sub sc/ = 16 mA/cm/sup 2/, efficiency 2.2% and fill factor 0.54. The highest V/sub oc/ observed to date is 0.38V; the highest efficiency is 2.6%. Carrier concentrations were obtained by both Hall effect and SIMS measurements;more » diffusion lengths were determined by the short-circuit current vs incident light wavelength method. SIMS was used extensively in the examination of interactions at each interface. Results are presented and discussed.« less
Individualized medication assessment and planning: optimizing medication use in older adults in the primary care setting.

To test the feasibility and effectiveness of an individualized Medication Assessment and Planning (iMAP) program integrated within a primary care practice on the number and prevalence of medication-related problems (MRPs) and acute health services utilization, defined as combined hospitalizations and emergency department visits.



Six-month, prospective, observational pilot study.



Community-based primary care medical practice.



Convenience sample of 64 patients aged 65 years and older who were taking at least five medications.



Each patient was enrolled in the iMAP program-a collaborative, multifaceted intervention facilitated by a clinical pharmacist whereby patients receive comprehensive medication therapy management at baseline and 3 and 6 months as part of routine clinical care.



MRPs were assessed and recommendations proposed using the previously published MRP classification tool; physician acceptance of recommendations served to validate the assessments. There was a significant reduction in mean number of MRPs/patient (4.2 at baseline vs 1.0 at 6 mo, p<0.0001) when adjusted for number of medications, race, and pharmacist. The prevalence of MRPs at 6 months compared with baseline was also significant (p<0.0008). Acute health services utilization was assessed by medical record abstraction. The 64 patients experienced a rate of 8.3 events/100 person-months (64 total events) during the 12-month prestudy period. During the 6-month study period, the same patients experienced 5.4 events/100 person-months (20 total events). Thus, we noted a reduction in acute health services utilization of 35%. Physicians were enthusiastically supportive of iMAP.



iMAP has the potential to address a significant and timely issue affecting older adults and primary care practices: the burden of managing and continuously monitoring multiple medications in medically complex older adults. A more rigorous evaluation of iMAP is warranted and planned to demonstrate sustained effectiveness and cost-benefit.
The Socio-Economic Background

Banten, located in the extreme west of Java, covers approximately 114 square miles. According tot the official statistics, Banten’s population in 1892 numbered 568,935; the most densely populated region was the district of Tjilegon.1 Relevant to the density of population is the state of land cultivation, which in turn depends largely upon the physical environment. The region can be divided into two markedly different parts. The southern part, a mountainous region, was mostly covered with forest and was very thinly populated. It was rarely the scene of momentous events in the history of Banten.2 North Banten, on the other hand, consisted largely of cultivated land in the last decades of the 19th century and consequently had a considerably greater density of population.3 Many towns in this region, Ban ten, Tamiang, and Pontang, among others, are very old; their foundation can be traced back to the 16th century.4
Climate Change and Microbial Ecology: Current Research and Future Trends

“Although several factors could theoretically contribute to a microorganism’s ability to colonize the intestinal ecosystem, effective completion for nutrients is paramount to success.” So the editors reference researcher Rolf Freter in their introduction to this new, integrative text. This volume highlights this truth with a biochemical focus on bacterial pathogens and the human host. This includes chapters on enteric, respiratory, urinary tract, and intracellular pathogens. Some chapters also focus attention on the role of commensal communities, such as in dental plaque or in the gut through interaction with host immunity. More species-specifıc topics include central carbon metabolism by Borrelia burgdorferi, regulation of Escherichia coli fımbriae by host sialic acid, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolism during infection of cystic fıbrosis patients. Though it is sparse in its fıgures, this is a timely and information-rich collection that should be a welcome resource for many microbiologists.
Signed Network Modeling Based on Structural Balance Theory

The modeling of networks, specifically generative models, has been shown to provide a plethora of information about the underlying network structures, as well as many other benefits behind their construction. There has been a considerable increase in interest for the better understanding and modeling of networks, and the vast majority of existing work has been for unsigned networks. However, many networks can have positive and negative links (or signed networks), especially in online social media. It is evident from recent work that signed networks present unique properties and principles from unsigned networks due to the added complexity, which pose tremendous challenges on existing unsigned network models. Hence, in this paper, we investigate the problem of modeling signed networks. In particular, we provide a principled approach to capture important properties and principles of signed networks and propose a novel signed network model guided by Structural Balance Theory. Empirical experiments on three real-world signed networks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Orogenesis: The Making of Mountains: Acknowledgments

Preface 1. Major features of the Earth and plate tectonics 2. Driving mechanisms for plates, slab retreat and advance, a reason for orogenesis 3. Physical and chemical principles: rock deformation and heat production in the lithosphere 4. Large scale features of orogenic belts: thrusts, folds, orogenic wedges 5. Evolution of orogens 6. Lateral spreading of orogens: foreland propagation, channel flow and weak zones in the crust 7. Orogenic metamorphism 8. The erosion, uplift and exhumation of orogens 9. The sedimentary history of foreland basins 10. Deep structure: the support of mountains and the importance of phase changes 11. Mountains and climate 12. Precambrian orogenesis References Index.
Preventing Adolescent Suicide.

The adolescent at risk `or suicidal preoccupation and behavior has become an increasing concern for schools and communities. This paper presents some of the causes of teen suicide, things adults should know about adolescent suicide prevention, and what can be done to help such youth. The transition to adolescence is a complex time when many values may be questioned. Family dysfunctions, such as poor communication skills, resistance to grieving, difficulties with single parenting, and abusive interactions can further confuse this already difficult period. Likewise, environmental pressures, such as academic achievement, constant mobility and the availability of drugs, can lead to depression and the inability to cope with stress. It is emphasized that knowledge is the most effective tool in preventing suicide. Adults should be aware of the myths associated with suicides, such as the myth that adolescents who talk about suicide never actually attempt suicide or that suicide is hereditary. Adults also must be able to recognize the profile of the suicidal adolescent so that referral and intervention can take place. Included in this profile are behaviors, such as a lack of concern about personal welfare, verbal cues, and altered behavioral patterns and personality traits. Adults can help an adolescent who manifests an interest in suicide by expressing their concern for the child, developing a rapport, and facilitating a meeting with a counselor or crisis team member.  Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document.
I Live Out in the Countryside. Exploring Extreme Processes of Individualization in Rural Spain

The objective of this paper is to study in depth the perspective of the individual in rural geographic studies, specifically relationships between the position of the individual in the community and the physical space they inhabit. The focus of the study is individuals living alone in Spain, in the middle of the countryside in depopulated nuclei, with space but almost without a community. The analysis is based on a quantitative study of individuals who live alone in a village, from a geographical perspective and, also, the testimonies of various individuals who live alone, presented ethnographically. The conclusions show the temporary nature of the phenomenon, its wide distribution at a municipal level, a clear male predominance, the value of the absence of a community, the appreciation of values of the surroundings and the disappearance of the limits of the community in terms of spatial continuity.
Two Cultures: French and American Social Science in the Twentieth Century

The development of anthropology in France and North America during the early to mid 20th century showed both similarities and pronounced differences. In both cases anthropology matured alongside sociology, a relationship that would prove increasingly problematic as the century wore on. In France, in particular, another important influence was art and literature, especially the Surrealism of the 1920s and 1930s. This was less the case in North America, but in both countries, anthropology occupied a medial position between science and the humanities.
Understanding ‘sexual addiction’ in clinical practice

Understanding of ‘sexually addictive’ behavior is investigated though focus-groups, questionnaires and interviews with 30 self identified ‘sexual addicts’ and 30 treatment providers who work with this issue in clinical practice. Data are being analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, (IPA). Initial results indicate that while ‘sexual addiction’ is similar in many respects to other addictions, it is also distinctively different too. Frequently connected to childhood trauma and a fear of intimacy, it requires specialist treatment which remains limited. Participants identify additional issues requiring specific attention including: clinical definitions, treatment, professional training and ethical boundaries.