nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insight into the formation of acetic acid from the direct conversion of methane and carbon dioxide on zinc-modified H-ZSM-5 zeolite.

Methane and carbon dioxide are known greenhouse gases, and the conversion of these two C1-building blocks into useful fuels and chemicals is a subject of great importance. By solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we found that methane and carbon dioxide can be co-converted on a zinc-modified H-ZSM-5 zeolite (denoted as Zn/H-ZSM-5) to form acetic acid at a low temperature range of 523-773 K. Solid-state (13)C and (1)H MAS NMR investigation indicates that the unique nature of the bifunctional Zn/H-ZSM-5 catalyst is responsible for this highly selective transformation. The zinc sites efficiently activate CH4 to form zinc methyl species (-Zn-CH3), the Zn-C bond of which is further subject to the CO2 insertion to produce surface acetate species (-Zn-OOCCH3). Moreover, the Brønsted acid sites play an important role for the final formation of acetic acid by the proton transfer to the surface acetate species. The results disclosed herein may offer the new possibility for the efficient activation and selective transformation of methane at low temperatures through the co-conversion strategy. Also, the mechanistic understanding of this process will help to the rational design of robust catalytic systems for the practical conversion of greenhouse gases into useful chemicals.
David after David : essays on the later work

With essays by Valerie Bajou, Philippe Bordes, Thomas Crow, Michael Fried, Tom Gretton, Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby, Stephane Guegan, Daniel Harkett, Godehard Janzing, Dorothy Johnson, Mehdi Korchane, Ewa Lajer-Burcharth, Issa Lampe, Mark Ledbury, Simon Lee, Heather McPherson, David O'Brien, Satish Padiyar, Todd Porterfield, Susan L. Siegfried, and Helen Weston Jacques-Louis David (1748--1825), the most celebrated painter of his era, was appointed court painter to Napoleon in 1804 and exiled to Brussels in 1816. This important book----based on the proceedings of an international symposium----explores David's grand projects of the Empire period and the often mysterious works produced in his last years as a political exile. David after David features twenty-one essays by leading art historians that discuss these later works----which include innovative portraits as well as paintings and drawings that address the opposing themes of the antique and modern----in the aesthetic, political, and social contexts of their production and reception. The book also draws upon recently discovered letters the artist wrote in exile and provides fascinating new perspectives into his life and art.
Middle Miocene volcanism in the vicinity of the Middle Hungarian zone: Evidence for an inherited enriched mantle source

Middle Miocene igneous rocks in the vicinity of the Middle Hungarian zone (MHZ) show a number of subduction-related geochemical characteristics. Many of these characteristics appear to be time-integrated, showing a decreasing subduction signature with time. In contrast to previous models, which suggest southward-dipping subduction of European lithosphere beneath the Alcapa microplate (along the Western Carpathians) is responsible for the chemical characteristics seen in middle Miocene volcanics, we propose that source enrichment occurred via the subduction of either the Budva-Pindos or Vardar Oceans. Recent seismic studies have revealed that the proposed southward-dipping subduction was not developed beneath the entire Western Carpathians or, even if it had, was overprinted by the collision of the European plate and the Alcapa unit at 16 Ma. This subduction is thought to have started 30 Ma ago, therefore the time between the onset of subduction and collision cannot account for extensive source enrichment in the overlying mantle wedge. It is also pertinent to note that the middle Miocene igneous rocks of the MHZ in their reconstructed positions are not parallel to the supposed suture expected for subduction-related arc volcanoes. Our review suggests an alternative hypothesis, whereby source enrichment is related to the subduction of either the Budva-Pindos or Vardar Ocean during the Mesozoic–Paleogene. In this model the Alcapa microplate was transferred to its present tectonic position via extrusion and rotations. Geophysical modeling and mantle xenoliths provide evidence that this process occurred at the scale of the lithospheric mantle, indicating that the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle was coupled to the crust. Melting in the lithospheric mantle of the Alcapa unit was triggered by the extension during the formation of the Pannonian Basin. The preserved subduction-related geochemical character of volcanics in intra-plate settings that are otherwise directly unaffected by subduction, can be attributed to tectonic transport of metasomatised mantle from a previous subduction-affected setting. This model provides an alternative approach to understanding the geochemical complexity seen among intra-plate calc-alkaline volcanics, where chemical characteristics can be explained without the involvement of plumes.
Corporate Household Data: Research Directions

Traditionally, organizations tend to acquire information on corporate structure and corporate relationships by contacting people in the organization who are familiar with these relationships. Problems arise when there is no consistent view of corporate structure and corporate relationships across all levels of organization and by differing outside organizations. Furthermore, corporate structure and corporate relationships evolve dynamically in the rapid changing business environment. How to capture and institutionalize organizational memory and knowledge base, and keep track of changes in and multiple views of corporate structure and relationships are two fundamentally critical tasks underpinning organization activities such as marketing promotion, financial risk analysis, and supply chain management. In this research 1 , we attempt to define the concept of corporate household data. We investigate how organizations acquire the knowledge and apply it to their business operations. Furthermore, we study how organizations learn to adapt to the various facets of corporate household data. With a well-defined corporate household structure, we can incorporate knowledge workers’ understanding of corporate relationship into organizational memory.
Malthus at mid-century: neo-Malthusianism as bio-political governance in the post-WWII United States

This paper provides a discursive history of neo-Malthusianism in the United States, focusing primarily on the mid-20th century. In the process, I critically examine texts invoking Malthusian arguments in relation to the politics of sex and birth control, class and eugenics, and race and geopolitics, focusing on how they rendered human population growth intelligible in particularly reductive and naturalistic ways. The purpose is to show how this history impinges upon the construction of population-resource theory after WWII, focusing specifically on William Vogt’s Road to survival and Fairfield Osborn’s Our plundered planet. I argue that the production and circulation of generalized models of population-induced conflict in the post-war United States was an important part of the nationalization and government harnessing of science in the name of national security, and relevant to post-war developmentalism and early Cold War containment doctrine. This helps us understand how neo-Malthusian discourse has been...
Этический идеал как критерий духовно-нравственного воспитания

The article studies the cultural and anthropological bases of spiritual and moral education. It also discloses the peculiarities of educational anthology in native socio-humanitarian thought. The article traces the traditions of moral education in modern pedagogics and states the priorities of spiritual and moral development of a personality in the modern socio-cultural context. The work shows these tendencies of change in the wide context of spiritual and moral worldview bases. The article discloses the problems in the epoch of socio-cultural modernization, characterizing the values of the modern youth.
Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity

Preface A note on conventions Part I.  1. Historiographical introduction 2. The nature of the Arab conquest Part II. The Evolution of the Conquest Society: 3. The Sufyanid pattern, 661-84 [41-64] 4. Syria of 684 [64] 5. The Marwanid evolution, 684-744 [64-126] 6. The Marwanid faction 7. Syria of 744 [126] 8. Umayyad clientage Part III. The Failure of the Islamic Empire: 9. The abortive service aristocracy 10. The emergence of the slave soldiers 11. The emergence of the medieval polity Appendices Notes Bibliography General index Prosopographical index.
Electric-Magnetic Duality and the Dualized Standard Model

In these lectures I shall explain how a new-found nonabelian duality can be used to solve some outstanding questions in particle physics. The first lecture introduces the concept of electromagnetic duality and goes on to present its nonabelian generalization in terms of loop space variables. The second lecture discusses certain puzzles that remain with the Standard Model of particle physics, particularly aimed at nonexperts. The third lecture presents a solution to these problems in the form of the Dualized Standard Model, first proposed by Chan and the author, using nonabelian dual symmetry. The fundamental particles exist in three generations, and if this is a manifestation of dual colour symmetry, which by 't Hooft's theorem is necessarily broken, then we have a natural explanation of the generation puzzle, together with tested and testable consequences not only in particle physics, but also in astrophysics, nuclear and atomic physics. 
Reported is mainly work done in collaboration with Chan Hong-Mo, and also various parts with Peter Scharbach, Jacqueline Faridani, Jos\'e Bordes, Jakov Pfaudler, Ricardo Gallego severally.
Effects of Social Support and Parent-Child Communication on Emotional Intelligence of Multicultural Primary School Students in Rural Areas

This study was to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence, social support and parent-child communication of multicultural primary school students in rural areas. All of the students for the study were sampled from three multicultural primary schools in rural areas. About 10% among them were from multicultural family students. First, the result indicated that students` emotional intelligence was positively correlated with social support and open communication with their parents. Second, there were no significant differences between unicultural family and multicultural family in social support, parent-child communication, and emotional intelligence. Third, the result of regression analysis revealed that peer and family support were predictors of emotional intelligence of multicultural primary school students in rural areas. The implications for the improvement strategy for multicultural primary school in rural ares were suggested.
Reducing severe hypoglycaemia in hospitalised patients with diabetes: Early outcomes of standardised reporting and management

Severe hypoglycaemic events (HGEs) in hospitalised patients are associated with poor outcomes and prolonged hospitalization. Systematic, coordinated care is required for acute management and prevention of HGEs; however, studies evaluating quality control efforts are scarce.



To investigate the effectiveness of system-based interventions to improve management response to HGEs.



System-based interventions were designed and implemented following a root cause analysis of HGE in adult patients with diabetes from two general medical wards with the highest incidence of HGE. Interventions included electronic medical record programming for a standardised order set for basal-bolus insulin regimen and hypoglycemia protocol, automated dextrose order, automated MD notification, and recommendation for endocrine consultation after two critical HGEs. The Pyxis MedStation was programmed to alert nurses to recheck blood glucose 15 min after the treatment. A card with the HGE management protocol was attached to each provider's ID badge and educational seminars were given to all providers.



Primary outcomes were to evaluate median time from HGE (glucose <50 mg/dL) to euglycemia (>100 mg/dL), and time from HGE to follow-up finger-stick (FS) testing preintervention and postintervention. Secondary outcomes were cumulative incidence of HGEs, recurrent hypoglycemia, rate of physician notification and use of standardised treatments among adults with diabetes on the two general medical wards.



Among hospitalised adults with diabetes and HGE, median time from HGE to euglycemia declined from 225±46 min preintervention to 87±26 min postintervention (p=0.03). Median time from HGE to next FS testing also declined (76±14 min to 28±10 min, p<0.001). Standardised treatment administration for HGE improved significantly from 34% (12/35) to 97% (36/37); physician notification rate improved significantly from 51% (18/35) to 78% (29/37).Among hospitalised adults with diabetes, incidence of HGE decreased from 12% (35/295) over 3 months (preintervention period) to 6% (37/610) over 6 months (postintervention period) (p<0.001), while recurrent HGE did not show significant differences (37% (13/35) to 24% (9/37), p=0.09).



System-based interventions had a clinically important impact on decreasing time from HGE to euglycemia and to next FS testing. This hypoglycemia bundle of care may be applied and tested in other community hospitals to improve patient safety.
Hammerhead ribozyme activity and oligonucleotide duplex stability in mixed solutions of water and organic compounds

Nucleic acids are useful for biomedical targeting and sensing applications in which the molecular environment is different from that of a dilute aqueous solution. In this study, the influence of various types of mixed solutions of water and water-soluble organic compounds on RNA was investigated by measuring the catalytic activity of the hammerhead ribozyme and the thermodynamic stability of an oligonucleotide duplex. The compounds with a net neutral charge, such as poly(ethylene glycol), small primary alcohols, amide compounds, and aprotic solvent molecules, added at high concentrations changed the ribozyme-catalyzed RNA cleavage rate, with the magnitude of the effect dependent on the NaCl concentration. These compounds also changed the thermodynamic stability of RNA base pairs of an oligonucleotide duplex and its dependence on the NaCl concentration. Specific interactions with RNA molecules and reduced water activity could account for the inhibiting effects on the ribozyme catalysis and destabilizing effects on the duplex stability. The salt concentration dependence data correlated with the dielectric constant, but not with water activity, viscosity, and the size of organic compounds. This observation suggests the significance of the dielectric constant effects on the RNA reactions under molecular crowding conditions created by organic compounds.
Quark-Hadron Duality in Neutron Spin-Structure and g_2 moments at intermediate Q**2

Jefferson Lab experiment E01-012 measured the He-3 spin-structure functions and virtual photon asymmetries in the resonance region in the momentum transfer range 1.0<Q**2<4.0(GeV/c)**2. Our data, when compared with existing deep inelastic scattering data, were used to test quark-hadron duality in g_1 and A_1 for He-3 and the neutron. In addition, preliminary results on the He-3 spin-structure function g_2, on the Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule and on higher twist effects through the x**2-weighted moment d_2 of the neutron were presented.
Fossil multiphase normal faults – prime targets for geothermal drilling in the Bavarian Molasse Basin?

Foreland basins with their increasing depth towards the orogenic belt are ideal geologic systems as host for geothermal resources. The Bavarian Molasse Basin is the only basin worldwide where geothermal energy is being successfully developed by industry in conduction dominated heat transport environment. However, the predicted productivity is not achieved in all projects because either temperature or flow rate or both are lower than expected. The utilized reservoir rock consists of Upper Jurassic fractured carbonates, and reservoir quality is governed by fracture and fault frequency, dolomitisation degree, karstification and facies type. From these controlling factors only fracture density can be reliably assessed before drilling because generally highest fracture density is found in the vicinity of faults which can be in turn clearly identified in reflection seismic. In contrast facies and dolomitic domains can be reliably detected only after drilling and seismic-well log correlation. From this perspective faults seem to be the most reliable target in geothermal exploration in the Molasse Basin. A particular fault system, however, might have experienced a complex kinematic history from Jurassic to the present-day state, eliciting the question which fault among many detected faults might be the best drilling target. The geothermal site Mauerstetten in the Western Bavarian Molasse Basin is an example where drilling into a fault zone did not result in high flow rates. This article tries to identify the effects on the lacking reservoir permeability by detailed geological well data and advanced structural geological interpretation. The results are set into context with successful geothermal drilling projects in the Molasse basin where high flow rates were achieved by fault zone drilling.
Characterizing History Independent Data Structures

We consider history independent data structures as proposed for study by Naor and Teague. In a history independent data structure, nothing can be learned from the memory representation of the data structure except for what is available from the abstract data structure. We show that for the most part, strong history independent data structures have canonical representations. We provide a natural alternative definition of strong history independence that is less restrictive than Naor and Teague and characterize how it restricts allowable representations. We also give a general formula for creating dynamically resizing history independent data structures and give a related impossibility result.
Much ado about nothing: vacuum and renormalization on the light-front

In the first part of my lectures, I will use the example of deep-inelastic scattering to explain why light-front coordinates play a distinguished role in many high energy scattering experiments. After a brief introduction into the concept of light-front quantization, I will show that the vacuum for any light-front Hamiltonian is trivial, i.e. the same as for non-interacting fields. In the rest of my lectures, I will discuss several toy models in 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions and discuss how effective light-front Hamiltonians resolve the apparent paradox that results from having a trivial light-front vacuum.
An intellectual history of modern China

1. Intellectual change 2. Themes in intellectual history 3. Literary trends: the quest for modernity 4. Literary trends: the road to revolution 5. Mao Tse-tung's thought to 1949 6. The party and the intellectuals 7. Mao Tse-tung's thought from 1949-76 8. An intellectual history of the Deng era.
WOLE SOYINKA'S KONGI'S HARVEST: A POLITICAL SATIRE

Wole Soyinka (Akinwande Oluwole Soyinka 1934-) is the most prolific and the Africa’s best known dramatist and one of its most illustrious personalities. He is the first black African writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1986. He deserves special consideration for making the efforts to revive the Nigerian Theatre much on the same lines as Yeats and Synge did for the revival of the Irish theatre at the beginning of the 20 th century. His plays, ranging from comedy to tragedy and from political satire to the theatre of the absurd, unfold one after another, involving religion, traditionalism, myth, politics, education, economics, social taboos and so on.In the present paper a study is made on Wole Soyinka’s Kongi’s Harvest . It is a satire on the contemporary political scene prevailing at that time, attacking directly the politicians who have shaped the present direction of modern Africa. It cleverly portrays both the traditional rulers and the new political leaders.
PROGRESS IN UNDERSTANDING THE AGE AND ORIGIN OF THE ALPHA RIDGE, ARCTIC OCEAN

Multiparameter geophysical measurements and geological samples from CESAR suggest that close to Canada the Alpha Ridge is oceanic in nature and was built in part by volcanic activity. It is unclear whether this part of the ridge formed in an intraplate or a plate margin environment. Estimates from paleontological, heat flow and magnetic data place the construction of a volcanic ridge within the Cretaceous period between about 120 and 80 Ma ago, the interval in which the Canada Basin seafloor formed but clearly before the creation of the Lomonosov Ridge. The place of the Makarov Basin in this chronology remains unclear.
Improving User's Quality of Experience in Imbalanced Dataset

Currently, traditional algorithm performs not well in terms of predicting the user's complaint in imbalanced IPTV dataset. To solve this problem, we combine status data from the set-top box with data of user's complaints and select the appropriate model to predict user's quality of experience (QoE). Concretely, we firstly perform data cleaning and select suitable attributes from the original dataset. Then, we apply random under-sampling and synthetic over-sampling to the preprocessed dataset. In order to get better performance, we improves the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) algorithm and combine it with K-means algorithm to generate a new dataset. After these procedures, we use the Naïve Bayes (NB) model in user's complaint dataset. Through the rigorous modeling and prediction, extensive experimental results show that this integrated algorithm performs better than the Borderline-SMOTE algorithm in predicting user's complaints.
Luminescence of Eu-doped langanite nanopowders synthesized by a citrate sol–gel method

Eu-doped langanite nanopowders were prepared by a citrate sol–gel method and annealed in air at various temperatures between 700 °C and 1000 °C. For annealing temperatures up to 800 °C, only the langanite phase is observed. For higher annealing temperatures, part of the langanite powder transforms in perovskite (LaGaO 3 ), as evidenced in both XRD and luminescence spectra. Regardless the annealing temperature, the lifetime of 5 D 0 remains close to 1 ms. The reddish color of the powders due to color centers associated to oxygen defects intensifies with increasing annealing temperature. The best efficiency of the Eu-langanite nanopowders was obtained for the sample annealed at 700 °C (∼60% of the efficiency of the bulk material).