nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Geologic Hazards Assessment at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Southeastern Idaho: ABSTRACT

The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), an 890 mi{sup 2} facility on the Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) in southeastern Idaho, is operated by the US Department of Energy for energy research and development. The ESRP, a Neogene and Quaternary volcanic province produced by passage of the Yellowstone mantle plume, has intimate spatial and genetic relationships to the northern part of the Basin-and-Range province. Work is in progress in two major aspects of seismic hazards assessment: identification and characterization of seismic sources, and prediction of potential strong ground motions at specific sites. Investigations of mechanics of ESRP volcanic rift zone formation have furnished information important to both seismic and volcanic hazards assessment. Results to date include the following. Although some ESRP volcanic rift zones are colinear with basin-and-range faults, their surface deformation features are related to dike emplacement rather than to projection of basin-and-range tectonism onto the Plain. Trenching of a NE-trending scarplet along the NW edge of the ESRP shows that these features are not associated with faulting. The most serious seismic threat is associated with the southern segment of the Lemhi fault, a basin-and-range fault north of the ESRP. Based on the Band Limited White Noise methodology, strongmore » ground motions resulting from possible earthquakes on this fault depend upon the configuration of low velocity materials interbedded in the sequence of basaltic lava flows comprising the upper kilometer of crust in the ESRP. These materials consist mostly of alluvial and lacustrine sediments and a thick layer of unwelded rhyolitic tuff. Their seismic velocities (V{sub p}) range from 1 to 2 km/sec, whereas that for the basaltic lava flows varies from 3 to 5 km/sec.« less
Microstructure evolution of TC4 titanium alloy/316L stainless steel dissimilar joint vacuum-brazed with Ti-Zr-Cu amorphous filler metal

TC4 titanium alloy was vacuum-brazed to 316L stainless steel (SS) with Ti-Zr-Cu amorphous filler metal. The effect of brazing time and temperature on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of joints was investigated. Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study the joint microstructure; meanwhile, the reaction phases on fracture surfaces were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that all joints had similar interfacial microstructure of TC4 titanium substrate/Widmanstätten/β-Ti + Ti2Cu/(α-Ti + λ-Cu2TiZr) + Ti2Cu/Ti-Fe-Cu/TiFe/(Fe, Cr)2Ti/σ-phase + Fess/316L stainless steel substrate. Three reaction layers TiFe/(Fe, Cr)2Ti/σ-phase + Fess formed close to 316L stainless steel substrate and could benefit the mechanical properties of joints. The maximum shear strength of 65 MPa was obtained at 950 °C for 10 min. During shear test, cracks initiated at the interface of Ti-Cu-Fe layer/TiFe layer and propagated along the brazed seam/316L interface with a large amount of cleavage facets existing on the fracture surface.
Air oxidation of Cu-50Ni and Cu-70Ni alloys at 800 degrees C

The air oxidation of Cu-Ni alloys with 50% and 70% nickel (mole fraction) at 800 degreesC was studied. The kinetic curves for the oxidation of the two alloys are complex and deviate from the parabolic rate law. Typical double-layered scales are produced, which consist of a CuO outer layer and an inner layer containing a mixture of Cu2O and NiO with many pores. Cu-50Ni presents a small degree of internal oxidation of nickel, which is observed in many binary double-phase systems, but is quite rare in single phase systems.
The History of Ideas and the Study of Politics

LJN RECENT YEARS, a cloud of methodological confusion has been cast over the study of politics. The traditional procedure, studying political institutions and selected texts from the classics of political philosophy, had previously existed in uneasy compromise in most politics departments. The application of sociological techniques to the study of politics has made that compromise even more difficult to maintain, and many observers have argued that politics, far from being a unified discipline, is simply a naive application of different disciplines to a loosely defined and notoriously ambiguous subject-matter. Politics, in short, is seen to possess no more unity than such a subject as European studies. A voice from America, perceiving the difficulties of the old world, has attempted to unify the study of politics by the application of new methods. Closely adhering to the methods of the natural sciences, strongly influenced by the techniques developed in cultural anthropology, the voice has called us to follow along the road to positivism to a haven of rigorously empirical political science. But if we are of a historical frame of mind, we will appreciate that revolutionary apostles have been quite a normal feature in the history of political thought. We need only recall the claims made by Hobbes about his science of politics. And the claim to base the study of politics upon the natural sciences is not itself a new phenomenon. It has been made with monotonous regularity since the
Limits on sizes of fundamental particles and on gravitational mass of a scalar

We review the experimental limits on mass of excited fundamental particles and contact interaction energy scale parameters Λ for QCD, QED and electroweak reactions. In particular we have focused on the QED reaction measuring the differential cross-sections for the process e+e−→γγ(γ) at the energies from 91 GeV to 202 GeV using the data collected with the L3 detector from 1991 to 1999. With a global fit we set lower limits at 95% CL on Λ>1687 GeV, which restricts the characteristic QED size of the interaction region to Re<1.17×10−17 cm. All the interaction regions are found to be smaller than the Compton wavelength of the fundamental particles. This constraint is used to estimate a lower limit on the size of a fundamental particle related to gravitational interaction, applying the model of self-gravitating particle-like structure with the de Sitter vacuum core. It gives rτ⩾2.3×10−17 cm and re⩾1.5×10−18 cm, if leptons get masses at the electroweak scale, and rτ⩾3.3×10−27 cm,re⩾4.9×10−26 cm, as the most stri...
Life history evolution and comparative developmental biology of echinoderms.

Evolutionary biologists studying life history variation have used echinoderms in experimental, laboratory, and field studies of life history evolution. This focus on echinoderms grew originally from the tradition of comparative embryology, in which echinoderms were central. The tools for obtaining and manipulating echinoderm gametes and larvae were taken directly from comparative embryological research. In addition, the comparative embryologists employed a diverse array of echinoderms, not a few model species, and this diversity has led to a broad understanding of the development, function, and evolution of echinoderm larvae. As a result, this branch of life history evolution has deep roots in comparative developmental biology of echinoderms. Here two main aspects of this relationship are reviewed. The first is a broad range of studies of fertilization biology, dispersal, population genetics, functional morphology, and asexual reproduction in which developmental biologists might take a keen interest because of the historical origins of this research in echinoderm comparative embryology. The second is a similarly broad variety of topics in life history research in which evolutionary biologists require techniques or data from developmental biology in order to make progress on understanding patterns of life history variation among echinoderm species and higher taxa. Both sets of topics provide opportunities for interaction and collaboration.
Transfund's allocation process for land transport in New Zealand

The New Zealand Government sees transport policy as fundamental to fulfilling its broader social, economic and environmental goals. In recent years, this has led to profound changes in the policy and funding framework for New Zealand’s land transport. Those changes have covered the legislative framework and transport strategy as well as the funding allocation processes. As the government agency responsible for allocating funds to land transport, Transfund New Zealand has been at the forefront of the changes. A key development has been the shift of focus from economic efficiency of individual projects to a broader approach in which economic assessment is supported by wider qualitative and quantitative environmental, health and safety assessments. Where New Zealand was previously positioned well towards the ‘mechanistic’ end of the funding allocation spectrum, it has now moved into closer alignment with the international trend towards using a strategic, multi-criteria approach. The paper has four parts: 1. the impact of the new legislative framework on Transfund’s functions, roles, polices and processes; 2. the funding allocation process for 2004/05 and beyond; 3. how the funding process compares with international practice; 4. the contribution of monitoring in achieving land transport policy objectives.
Eric Helleiner and Jonathan Kirshner (eds), The great wall of money: power and politics in China’s international monetary relations

L’ouvrage collectif dont il est question ici est edite par deux specialistes d’economie politique internationale, dont l’association a deja produit des references etudiant les relations monetaires internationales, notamment The Future of the Dollar (2009). Ces deux universitaires renouvellent l’experience, se consacrant cette fois aux relations monetaires de la Chine et a l’internationalisation de sa monnaie, le renminbi (RMB). L’ouvrage vise a comprendre les enjeux politiques des relations m...
GRAVITATIONAL MEMORY OF NATURAL WORMHOLES

A traversable wormhole solution of general scalar–tensor field equations is presented. We have shown, after a numerical analysis for the behavior of the scalar field of Brans–Dicke theory, that the solution is completely singularity-free. Furthermore, the analysis of more general scalar field dependent coupling constants indicates that the gravitational memory phenomenon may play an important role for the fate of natural wormholes.
Recovering Georg Lukács

I review Georg Lukacs Reconsidered and Georg Lukacs: The Fundamental Dissonance of Existence from a Lukacsian point of view, informed by a close reading of his works from the 1920s. The essays in these books, despite their heterogeneity, contribute towards revivifying Lukacsian Marxism, both philosophically and literarily. Specifically, many of the contributors criticise Honneth’s appropriation of the theory of reification, rejecting readings of Lukacs that hypostatise or reify aspects of his theory. They begin to explore Lukacs’s labour-centred ontology and the resultant philosophy of praxis, most importantly, returning the emphasis to the mediations whereby reification is overcome as a process, in contrast to those who see him as a voluntarist or messianic thinker. This allows a deeper engagement with Lukacs’s theory of politics. While I contend that the authors explore this insufficiently, I conclude that these two books signify an important rediscovery of Lukacs.
Geophysical investigation of sedimentary basin development : Viking Graben, North Sea.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure of the Viking Graben and adjacent areas using geophysical and geological techniques. The results thus obtained are used to construct a model for the development of the sedimentary basins of the northern North Sea since the beginning of the Mesozoic era. The regional consideration of the gravity field of the northern North Sea basin revealed the presence of a mass excess beneath the low density sediments. This high amplitude, long wave length anomaly is explained by thinning of the crust. Predictions obtained from the gravity data confirm the crustal structure derived so far from seismic experiments. "Normal" porosity-depth curves were constructed for three different sedimentary rock types in order to backstrip and decompact the sediments. Montmorillonite to illite transformation is proposed to be the main cause of the few undercompacted sedimentary sequences observed. Using well data the subsidence of the basement was calculated by backstripping and decompacting the sediments. By comparing the observed subsidence paths with those predicted by a simple stretching mechanism, a model is proposed to account for the geophysical development of the northern North Sea since Top-Permian times. Finally very close agreement is shown between the present crustal thickness values estimated from the modelling of wells and the values derived from the investigation of the gravity field. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 GEOLOGICAL HISTORY, SUBSIDENCE MECHANISMS,  1 1.1 The Structural Framework and the Geological History of the North Sea Area. 2 1.1.1 Pre-Permian 2 1.1.2 Permian 4 1.1.3 Triassic 4 1.1.4 Jurassic 5 1.1.5 Cretaceous 5 1.1.6 Tertiary to Recent 5
Embedded capability relations to aid the industrial usability of telecommunications standards

Network operators are an important class of active users of telecommunications standards. They specify and co-design complex systems based on procured implementations of standardized protocols and services. However, unlike equipment manufacturers and testers, the Operators have been almost neglected by the standards their complex, expensive and error-prone task of developing Operator Requirements is still performed using ad hoc methods and is not directly supported by any specific part of a standard. Having spotted this deficiency, we propose that standards be extended with a new, focused part, called Embedded Capability Relations, that would constitute a common base for individual Operator Requirements. We present the rationale for introducing yet another part of a standard A concrete notation for ECRs / ORs is proposed and its features are discussed in the context of current paradigms and guidelines concerning theformulation of standards.
Informal Physical Reasoning Processes

A fundamental question is whether Turing machines can model all reasoning processes. We introduce an existence principle stating that the perception of the physical existence of any Turing program can serve as a physical causation for the application of any Turing-computable function to this Turing program. The existence principle overcomes the limitation of the outputs of Turing machines to lists, that is, recursively enumerable sets. The principle is illustrated by productive partial functions for productive sets such as the set of the Goedel numbers of the Turing-computable total functions. The existence principle and productive functions imply the existence of physical systems whose reasoning processes cannot be modeled by Turing machines. These systems are called creative. Creative systems can prove the undecidable formula in Goedel's theorem in another formal system which is constructed at a later point in time. A hypothesis about creative systems, which is based on computer experiments, is introduced.
Проблема реализации этических ценностей в практике социальной работы Канады

This article analyzes the basic problems of realization of ethical values in practice of social work of Canada. Novelty of the work is specified by an insufficient level of scrutiny of achievements of foreign social work in our country. The conclusions of the article are recommended to be used in a training course for training of experts on social work, and also in general practice of social work including Omsk region.
Phase transformation behaviour in continuously cooled Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5-xPdx (x = 0 -17.5) glass-forming alloys and consequences for structure and property control

Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams were successfully constructed for Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5− x Pd x (x = 0 − 17.5) glass-forming alloys, comparing phase-transformation features in the alloy system to composition. While a low-Pd alloy (x = 5) showed a single transformation curve, corresponding to the formation of a crystalline phase on the high-temperature side of the undercooled-liquid region, for a given time-scale, a high-Pd alloy (x = 17.5) revealed an additional curve, corresponding to quasicrystalline phase formation on the lower temperature side. The result provides a clue to the structural and property control on the alloy system. Glassy specimens of the same size but with different intrinsic structure, evaluated by structural relaxation during continuous heating, could be fabricated for the low-Pd alloy (x = 5). Plasticity was found to increase proportionally with the relaxation enthalpy. On the other hand, the critical size for glass formation could be improved considerably from 5 to 7...
Stably free modules over R[X] of rank > dim R are free

We prove that for any finite-dimensional ring R and n > dim R+2, the group E n (R[X]) acts transitively on Um n (R[X]). In particular, we obtain that for any finite-dimensional ring R, all finitely generated stably free modules over R[X] of rank > dim R are free. This result was only known for Noetherian rings. The proof we give is short, simple, and constructive.
Logic and the Foundations of the Theory of Games and Decisions: Introduction*

This special issue of Knowledge, Rationality and Action contains a selection of papers presented at the sixth conference on “Logic and the Foundations of the Theory of Games and Decisions” (LOFT6), which took place in Leipzig, in July 2004. The LOFT conferences have been a regular biannual event since 1994.1 The first conference was hosted by the Centre International de Recherches Mathematiques in Marseille (France), the next four took place at the International Center for Economic Research in Torino (Italy) and the most recent one was hosted by the Leipzig Graduate School of Management in Leipzig (Germany). The LOFT conferences are interdisciplinary events that bring together researchers from a variety of fields: computer science, economics, game theory, linguistics, logic, mathematical psychology, philosophy and statistics. In its original conception, LOFT had as its central theme the application of logic, in particular modal epistemic logic, to foundational issues in the theory of games and individual decision-making. Epistemic considerations have been central to game theory for a long time. The expression interactive epistemology has been used in the game-theory literature to refer to the analysis of what individuals involved in a strategic interaction know about facts concerning the external world as well as facts concerning each other’s knowledge and beliefs. What is relatively new is the realization that the tools and methodology that were used in game theory are closely related to those already used in other fields, notably computer science and philosophy. Modal logic turned out to be the common language that made it possible to bring together different professional communities. The insights gained and the methodology employed in one field can benefit researchers in a different field. Indeed, new and active areas of research have sprung from the interdisciplinary exposure provided by the LOFT conferences.2 Over time the scope of the LOFT conferences has broadened to encompass other tools, besides modal logic, that can be used to shed light on the general issues of rationality and agency. Topics that have fallen within the LOFT umbrella include epistemic and
Individuum, Society, Humankind: The Triadic Logic of the Species according to Hajime Tanabe

In this collection on the Kyoto School of Philosophy, the author offers the reader Tanabe's religious philosophy, but also, and for the first time, his philosophy of nature and ontology. It is not only on individuum, society, and humankind, but also on the logical structure of Tanabe's thinking, and aspects such as nature, beauty, matter, contemplation, practice, politics, religion, science, history, eternity, etcetera. A highly original work, the more as the reader becomes acquainted with Ozaki's own creative synthetic view of the main problems of Christian-Buddhist theological, resp. philosophical encounter.
Jamaican politics : a Marxist perspective in transition

"Jamaican Politics" is about the left, from the perspective of the left. Combining theory with practical experience, Trevor Munroe records important aspects of Jamaica's political history and at the same time identifies and critically reassesses the assumptions, concepts, and preoccupations of leftist writing. Munroe points to areas where Jamaica's Marxists have allowed concepts to obscure important aspects of reality. He also encourages an awareness of the limitations of the forms of Westminster democracy in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Finally, he argues for a new type of political organization based on an attempt to discern and develop the form of the future from the positives in the movement of the present. The introductory chapter has a self-critical character, as Munroe also works through the concepts and elements of a genuine Caribbean Marxism.
Colloidal Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets: An Exciting New Class of Semiconductor Nanomaterials

Metal halide perovskites are a family of semiconductor materials with exciting properties such as long charge carrier diffusion lengths, ease of synthesis and composition tunability, and remarkable defect tolerance. Recently, methods have been developed to synthesize metal halide perovskites in the form of colloidal nanosheets—or nanoplatelets—which are only a few unit cells in thickness and, as a result, experience the effects of strong dielectric and quantum confinement. This leads to narrow and blue-shifted absorption/emission as compared to the bulk state—allowing lead bromide and lead iodide nanoplatelets to cover the entire visible range. In contrast to bulk crystals, nanoplatelets exhibit strongly excitonic properties and enhanced radiative recombination. In this article we present an overview of colloidal perovskite nanoplatelets: how they are made, what their capabilities are, why 2D is beneficial, and where these materials are headed. We draw analogues to solid phase layered perovskites, cadmium...
Indian Epistemology and the World and the Individual

EPISTEMOLOGY' CAN discuss the problem of the world and the individual by answering the two main questions: (1) How are the world and the individual cognized?2 and (2) Since knowledge is communicated in language, how are the concepts of the world and the individual expressed? Some languages may not have developed a philosophy of themselves, but Sanskrit has its own philosophies, not merely one but many. Of them, the philosophy of the Grammarians is the most pertinent. Our second question has, therefore, to include the question, What place do the world and the individual occupy in the philosophy of language?
Descartes: An Intellectual Biography.

A Learned and Eloquent Piety' 2. An Education in Propriety, 1606-1618 3. The Apprenticeship with Beeckman, 1618-1619 4. The Search for Method, 1619-1625 5. The Paris Years, 1625-1628 6. A New Beginning, 1629-1630 7. A New System of the World, 1630-1633 8. The Years of Consolidation, 1634-1640 9. Natural Philosophy and Orthodoxy, 1640-1644 Biographical Sketches Select Bibliography Index
Transcriptomics and microbial eukaryote diversity: a way forward.

Recent reviews have pointed out the large proportion of microbial eukaryotic (protist) diversity that has yet to be described, and the enormous challenges that accompany its description . The ∼100 000 species  of microbial eukaryotes may be significantly underestimated if we continue to discover increasing numbers of cryptic species. Tools such as environmental sequencing, which have been highly successful in revealing novel lineages of uncultured bacteria and archaea, promise to add substantial new data for comparatively little effort .