nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Repetition priming with nonverbal stimuli in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Perceptual repetition priming was examined in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and normal control (NC) participants using a task involving the discrimination of geometric designs that had either a continuous ("closed") or discontinuous ("open") perimeter. With the open stimuli, the groups displayed significant and equivalent levels of priming after immediate repetition of the stimuli, whereas only the NC group primed significantly over a delay of three intervening items. Neither group demonstrated significant priming with the closed stimuli. Results indicate that under some conditions DAT patients can exhibit normal repetition priming with stimuli that do not have preexisting representations but that (due possibly to a deficiency in the level of steady-state cortical activation) this priming dissipates more rapidly in DAT patients than in NC participants.
Delay to reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting to acute care hospitals: an international perspective.

To examine the extent of delay from initial hospital presentation to fibrinolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), characteristics associated with prolonged delay, and changes in delay patterns over time in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).



We analysed data from 5170 patients with STEMI enrolled in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events from 2003 to 2007. The median elapsed time from first hospital presentation to initiation of fibrinolysis was 30 min (interquartile range 18-60) and to primary PCI was 86 min (interquartile range 53-135). Over the years under study, there were no significant changes in delay times to treatment with either strategy. Geographic region was the strongest predictor of delay to initiation of fibrinolysis >30 min. Patient's transfer status and geographic location were strongly associated with delay to primary PCI. Patients treated in Europe were least likely to experience delay to fibrinolysis or primary PCI.



These data suggest no improvements in delay times from hospital presentation to initiation of fibrinolysis or primary PCI during our study period. Geographic location and patient transfer were the strongest predictors of prolonged delay time, suggesting that improvements in modifiable healthcare system factors can shorten delay to reperfusion therapy even further.
Southwest Oncology Group study of mitoxantrone for treatment of patients with advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

Eighteen patients are evaluable for response in a Phase II trial of Mitoxantrone for advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. One patient had a complete response; there were no partial responses. Twelve patients had stable disease for 3 or more months. There was no significant anti-tumor activity of Mitoxantrone in the group of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, all of whom were previously heavily treated with surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
Genome-wide association for smoking cessation success: participants in a trial with adjunctive denicotinized cigarettes.

The ability to quit smoking successfully displays substantial heritability in classical and molecular genetic studies. Twin studies suggest that some of the genetics for the ability to quit overlap with genetic components of nicotine dependence, but many do not. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have demonstrated haplotypes that distinguish successful quitters from individuals who were not able to quit smoking in: i) clinical trials that employed nicotine replacement; ii) clinical trials that employed bupropion; and iii) community quitter samples. We now report novel GWA results from participants in a clinical trial that document the efficacy of adjunctive use of denicotinized cigarettes. These results buttress data from our prior GWA studies of smoking cessation. They suggest that ability to change smoking behavior using denicotinized cigarettes shares substantial underlying genetics with the ability to change this behavior in community settings or in response to treatments with nicotine replacement or bupropion.
Low etiologic fraction for high-risk human papillomavirus in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a cause of oropharyngeal cancer, but a role for HPV in the etiology of oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCC) remains uncertain.



We sought to estimate the etiologic fraction for HPV among consecutive, incident OCSCC diagnosed from 2005 to 2011 at four North American hospitals. DNA and RNA purified from paraffin-embedded tumors were considered evaluable if positive for DNA and mRNA control genes by quantitative PCR. Fifteen high-risk (HR) HPV types were detected in tumors by consensus PCR followed by type-specific HR-HPV E6/7 oncogene expression by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. P16 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). A study of 400 cases allowed for precision to estimate an etiologic fraction of as low as 0% (97.5% confidence interval, 0-0.92%).



Of 409 evaluable OCSCC, 24 (5.9%, 95%CI 3.6-8.2) were HR-HPV E6/7 expression positive; 3.7% (95%CI 1.8-5.5) for HPV16 and 2.2% (95%CI 0.8-3.6) for other HR-HPV types. HPV-positive tumors arose from throughout the oral cavity (floor of mouth [n=9], anterior tongue [6], alveolar process , hard palate [3], gingiva  and lip ) and were significantly associated with male gender, small tumor stage, poor tumor differentiation, and basaloid histopathology. P16 IHC had very good-to-excellent sensitivity (79.2%, 95%CI 57.9-92.9), specificity (93.0%, 95%CI 90.0-95.3), and negative-predictive value (98.6%, 95%CI 96.8-99.6), but poor positive-predictive value (41.3%, 95%CI 27.0-56.8) for HR-HPV E6/7 expression in OCSCC.



The etiologic fraction for HR-HPV in OCSCC was 5.9%. p16 IHC had poor positive predictive value for detection of HPV in these cancers.
Insight and treatment outcome with cognitive-behavioral social skills training for older people with schizophrenia.

Poor insight (awareness of having a mental illness that requires treatment) is common in schizophrenia and typically predicts poor outcome, yet greater insight has been linked to negative outcomes, including hopelessness. This study focused on two questions: (1) Does insight moderate the effects of cognitive-behavioral social skills training (CBSST) on functional outcomes in schizophrenia? (2) Does a specific type of insight (e.g., awareness of illness, need for treatment) predict benefit from CBSST? We examined insight as a predictor of everyday functioning in a randomized controlled trial of CBSST versus treatment as usual (TAU) for middle-aged and older people with schizophrenia (n = 62). We used linear regression models to examine moderators of the relationship between baseline insight and everyday functioning measured 12 months following completion of the 6-month intervention. Insight, especially insight into the need for treatment, moderated the relationship between treatment group and everyday functioning (Independent Living Skills Survey), such that CBSST offset the negative effect of insight on functioning observed with TAU (wherein greater insight was related to poorer everyday functioning). Post hoc analyses showed that reduction of insight-linked hopelessness may have accounted for the positive effect of CBSST on functioning relative to TAU.
Dysfunctional attitudes and 5-HT2 receptors during depression and self-harm.

Dysfunctional attitudes are negatively biased assumptions and beliefs regarding oneself, the world, and the future. In healthy subjects, increasing serotonin (5-HT) agonism with a single dose of d-fenfluramine lowered dysfunctional attitudes. To investigate whether the converse, a low level of 5-HT agonism, could account for the higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes observed in patients with major depression or with self-injurious behavior, cortex 5-HT(2) receptor binding potential and dysfunctional attitudes were measured in patients with major depressive disorder, patients with a history of self-injurious behavior, and healthy comparison subjects (5-HT(2) receptor density increases during 5-HT depletion).



Twenty-nine healthy subjects were recruited to evaluate the effect of d-fenfluramine or of clonidine (control condition) on dysfunctional attitudes. Dysfunctional attitudes were assessed with the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale 1 hour before and 1 hour after drug administration. In a second experiment, dysfunctional attitudes and 5-HT(2) binding potential were measured in 22 patients with a major depressive episode secondary to major depressive disorder, 18 patients with a history of self-injurious behavior occurring outside of a depressive episode, and another 29 age-matched healthy subjects. Cortex 5-HT(2) binding potential was measured with [(18)F]setoperone positron emission tomography.



In the first experiment, dysfunctional attitudes decreased after administration of d-fenfluramine. In the second experiment, in the depressed group, dysfunctional attitudes were positively associated with cortex 5-HT(2) binding potential, especially in Brodmann's area 9 (after adjustment for age). Depressed subjects with extremely dysfunctional attitudes had higher 5-HT(2) binding potential, compared to healthy subjects, particularly in Brodmann's area 9.



Low levels of 5-HT agonism in the brain cortex may explain the severely pessimistic, dysfunctional attitudes associated with major depression.
Comparison of trimetazidine with nifedipine in effort angina: A double-blind, crossover study

Trimetazidine has been shown to have an antianginal effect, increasing exercise capability without producing any significant change of heart rate or systolic blood pressure. The aim of this study was to compare trimetazidine efficiency to that of another classical antianginal drug. A double-blind crossover trimetazidine versus nifedipine trial was carried out in 39 male patients, mean age 58 years, with effort angina for 5 years on average, and a mean number of weekly attacks of 2.4. Thirteen patients had previous myocardial infarction. Nineteen patients received nifedipine (40 mg per day) then trimetazidine (60 mg per day), and 20 patients received the drugs in the opposite order. Each therapeutic period of 6 weeks was preceded by 1 week of washout with placebo. Drug efficacy was assessed by a bicycle exercise tolerance test, performed at the beginning and at the end of each therapeutic period, and by clinical symptoms observed with placebo or with treatment. The statistical analysis was performed according to a crossover design, with repeated measurements. The decrease of the number of weekly attacks was not significantly different with trimetazidine and nifedipine. Results on the exercise test showed no significant differences for maximum workload, the duration of exercise, ST-segment depression at peak exercise, and the time to 1-mm ST-segment depression. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were not significantly different at rest and at peak exercise. However, the change in the rate-pressure product at the same workload differed significantly between the drugs: It decreased with nifedipine and remained unchanged with trimetazidine, indicating the difference to be in the mode of action of the drug. In conclusion, trimetazidine was as efficient as nifedipine in stable angina and had a lower incidence of side effects.
Quality of life among advanced breast cancer patients with and without distant metastasis.

This study presents the results of a secondary analysis of data collected during a trial of reflexology that aimed to improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among women with advanced breast cancer in treatment. A comparison of HRQOL (functioning, symptoms, spirituality) of those with (n = 298) and without (n = 87) distant metastasis is presented. Following the intake interview, 385 women were randomised to reflexology, lay foot manipulation or conventional care control, and were interviewed again at weeks 5 and 11. Those with distant metastasis were older, had fewer comorbid conditions, and a smaller proportion were employed. Longitudinal analysis of HRQOL at intake, 5 and 11 weeks revealed that those with distant metastasis had lower functioning and more pain; however, no differences were found on fatigue, nausea, shortness of breath, sleep quality, anxiety, depressive symptoms or spirituality. Despite advanced disease, 56% of all women in this study were below the clinical screening cut-off for depressive symptoms. These findings may indicate that patients with advanced breast cancer have adapted emotionally and spiritually; however, the management of physical symptoms remains a priority.
Development of an Exergame for individual rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases

An Exergame prototype for improved and patient-adapted rehabilitation was developed. A target heart rate for individual users was defined and tracked using a chest belt. Physical activity was tracked by two 3-axis accelerometers, fixed to both wrists. Dependent on the recorded heart rate and by means of a supporting factor and linear regression the movement of the user within the game was supported or hindered. The Exergame was evaluated on 15 healthy users regarding entertaining aspects, physical effort, and impressions concerning the handling of the whole setup. The support factor algorithm to reach the target heart rate was reliable in all subjects.
Phase I study of intraperitoneal metalloproteinase inhibitor BB94 in patients with malignant ascites.

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of increasing i.p. doses of BB94 with reference to the tolerance, safety, and pharmacokinetics of the compound. Twenty-three patients with malignant ascites had BB94 instilled into the peritoneal cavity after paracentesis. The compound was well tolerated; no serious adverse events were seen, and no specific toxicities were observed. High plasma concentrations were seen an hour after dosing, and BB94 was still present in the plasma at day 28 after treatment at levels in excess of the IC50 identified in preclinical studies. Five of the 23 patients neither reaccumulated ascites nor died up to 112 days after dosing. Seven patients died without reaccumulating ascites. Although the study was not designed to demonstrate clinical efficacy, the results were encouraging and support the further therapeutic evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in the management of malignant ascites.
Reduced effect of percutaneous renal denervation on blood pressure in patients with isolated systolic hypertension.

Renal denervation can reduce blood pressure in certain patients with resistant hypertension. The effect in patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH, ≥140/<90 mm Hg) is unknown. This study investigated the effects of renal denervation in 126 patients divided into 63 patients with ISH and 63 patients with combined hypertension (CH, ≥140/≥90 mm Hg) defined as baseline office systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg despite treatment with ≥3 antihypertensive agents. Renal denervation significantly reduced office SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 3, 6, and 12 months by 17/18/17 and 5/4/4 mm Hg in ISH and by 28/27/30 and 13/16/18 mm Hg in CH, respectively. The reduction in SBP and DBP in ISH was lower compared with patients with CH at all observed time points (P<0.05 for SBP/DBP intergroup comparison). The nonresponder rate (change in office SBP <10 mm Hg) after 6 months was 37% in ISH and 21% in CH (P<0.001). Mean 24-hour ambulatory SBP and DBP after 3, 6, and 12 months were significantly reduced by 10/13/15 and 6/6/9 mm Hg in CH, respectively. In patients with ISH the reduction in systolic ambulatory blood pressure was 4/8/7 mm Hg (P=0.032/P<0.001/P=0.009) and 3/4/2 mm Hg (P=0.08/P<0.001/P=0.130) in diastolic ambulatory blood pressure after 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. The ambulatory blood pressure reduction was significantly lower after 3 and 12 months in SBP and after 12 months in ambulatory DBP, respectively. In conclusion, renal denervation reduces office and ambulatory blood pressure in patients with ISH. However, this reduction is less pronounced compared with patients with CH.
Pediatric ingestion of vilazodone compared to other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications.

Unintentional ingestion of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications is common amongst children <6 years of age. Current evidence-based management guidelines are based on a low incidence of significant medical outcomes in these children.



To describe and compare outcomes of pediatric exposures to vilazodone with other SSRIs.



A retrospective observational case series analysis of both single and polysubstance SSRI exposures amongst children <6 years old reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS).



11,384 SSRI exposures in children <6 years of age reported to NPDS between January 2012 and June 2016 were assessed. Vilazodone only accounted for 5.9% of all exposures, but resulted in the highest proportion of health care facility admission compared to other SSRIs, both in single substance (165 of 531 (31.1%); OR 9.0 [7.3-11.2]) and polysubstance (57 of 107 (53.3%); OR 4.1 [2.7-6.2]) exposures. Children exposed to vilazodone also have higher odds of experiencing a major or moderate outcome in single (134 of 531 (25.2%); OR 20.5 [15.5-27.1]) and polysubstance (37 of 107 (35.6%); OR 5.9 [3.7-9.0]) exposures compared to other SSRIs. Several severe clinical outcomes, such as seizure and coma, were more common among the vilazodone exposures.



Exposure to vilazodone in this age group results in an increased rate of hospitalization as well as more severe clinical effects as compared to other SSRIs. Current evidence-based SSRI exposure management guidelines may not be appropriate for the management of vilazodone ingestion in this age group.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multiple outcalls to promote mammography among low-income women.

A multiple outcall approach based on the Transtheoretical Model was used to encourage mammography behavior in low-income women in the state of Colorado. Women (n = 983) were recruited in person at grocery and discount stores and were then called over the telephone to receive the multiple outcall intervention. These women were compared with 3,080 women who were recruited by telephone and randomly assigned to three study groups: health survey only (control); single outcall; or advance card + single outcall. Subsequent mammography behavior was assessed through a telephone interview conducted 6 months after initiation of the protocol. After controlling for baseline differences between groups in age, education, income, health status, and previous mammography behavior, the multiple outcall intervention was significantly related to mammography behavior among women nonadherent at baseline (odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-4.60). Furthermore, women who received the multiple outcall intervention had higher "stage of change" at follow-up and more positive attitudes toward mammography. Cost-effectiveness analysis indicated that although the multiple outcall intervention was more costly to deliver ($14.84 per subject compared with about $7.00 for the single outcall interventions), it cost considerably less per subject converted from nonadherent to adherent. Despite study design limitations, the multiple outcall intervention appears to be an effective method of promoting mammography among previously nonadherent women. The results suggest that a combined approach, in which nonadherent women receive multiple calls promoting screening behavior, followed by single calls at the appropriate intervals to promote repeat screening, may be a useful strategy in defined populations.
Determinants of improved survival after oesophagectomy for cancer.

Survival after oesophagectomy for cancer seems to be improving. This study aimed to identify the most important contributors to this change.



Patients who underwent oesophagectomy from 1999 to 2010 were extracted from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Four time periods were compared: 1999-2001 (period 1), 2002-2004 (period 2), 2005-2007 (period 3) and 2008-2010 (period 4). Hospital type, tumour location, tumour type, tumour differentiation, neoadjuvant therapy, operation type, (y)pT category, involvement of surgical resection margins, number of removed lymph nodes and number of involved lymph nodes were investigated in relation to trends in survival using multivariable analysis.



A total of 4382 patients were identified. Two-year overall survival rates improved from 49·3 per cent in period 1 to 58·4, 56·2 and 61·0 per cent in periods 2, 3 and 4 respectively (P < 0·001). Multivariable survival analysis revealed that the improvement in survival between periods 3 and 4 was related to the introduction of neoadjuvant therapy. The improvement in survival between periods 1 and 2 could not be explained completely by the factors studied. The number of examined lymph nodes increased, especially between periods 2 and 3, but this increase was not associated with the improvement in survival.



The observed increase in long-term survival after surgery for oesophageal cancer between 1999 and 2010 in the Netherlands is difficult to explain fully, although the recent increase seems to be partly attributable to the introduction of neoadjuvant therapy.
An investigation of general predictors for cognitive-behavioural therapy outcome for anxiety disorders in a routine clinical setting.

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective for treating anxiety disorders and is offered in most mental health services around the world. However, a relatively large number of patients with anxiety disorders do not benefit from CBT, experience relapses or drop out. Reliable predictors of treatment effects are lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive value of emotion regulation and attentional control for CBT outcome in a routine setting.



In this prospective and practice-based study, 112 patients with anxiety disorders referred for manual-based group CBT at two psychiatric outpatient clinics will be recruited. Emotion regulation, severity of anxiety and attentional control will be assessed with self-report measures and with an experimental computer-based attentional control task at baseline, post-treatment and at a 6-month follow-up. Emotion regulation will be measured with Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, severity of anxiety will be assessed with Beck Anxiety Inventory and attentional control will be measured with the self-report questionnaire, Attention Control Scale, and with an experimental computer-based attentional control task based on theory of visual attention. Data will be analysed using multilevel mixed-effects modelling.


ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The study is approved by the Danish National Ethical Board, the Department of Psychology Ethical Board, University of Copenhagen and by the Danish Data Protection Agency. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications and conference presentations. The Danish Committee System on Health Research Ethics has been notified about the project.