nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Reading Goethe: A Critical Introduction to the Literary Work

The year 1999 saw the 250th anniversary of the birth of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Germany's greatest writer. Appropriately, literary scholars within Germany and beyond paid tribute to this remarkable talent. But a number of commentators also noted that Goethe is often revered rather than read, known of rather than known. It is the aim of this study to provide a corrective to this state of affairs. The authors concentrate on the literary work and offer analyses that represent an impassioned, but by no means uncritical, advocacy - one that seeks to persuade both academic critics and general readers alike that Goethe is one of the key figures of European modernity. To an extent that is virtually unique in modern literature, Goethe was active in a whole number of literary genres. He was a superb poet, unrivaled in the variety of his expressive modes, and in his ability to combine intellectual sophistication withexperiential immediacy. He also wrote short stories and novels throughout his life, ranging from the The Sorrows of Young Werther, to The Elective Affinities. He was also a highly skilled dramatist, both in the historical mode and in the classical verse-drama. Above all else, Goethe is the author of Faust: a workthat attempts - and achieves - more than any other modern European drama.ERIKA SWALES is College Lecturer and Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. MARTIN SWALES is Professor of German at University College London.
Preparation of aluminum oxide films by ion beam assisted deposition

Aluminum oxide films were prepared by vapor deposition of aluminum and simultaneous irradiation with oxygen ion beam in the energy range of 2–24 keV with an Al/O transport ratio in the range of 0.5–14. The films were formed on Si(100) wafers and glass substrates fixed on a water-cooled holder. Film characterizations were carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for elemental composition measurements and chemical bonding states, and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for film crystallization. The XPS spectra of Al 2p 1/2 obtained from samples with nearly stoichiometric composition (Al/O∼0.67) showed a peak at ∼74 eV corresponding to the AlO chemical bonding state of the γ phase. The XRD patterns of the films prepared with oxygen ion energy of 20–23 keV showed the crystallization of γ-Al 2 O 3 on both Si(100) wafer and glass substrates. Mechanical and optical properties of the films were also presented in correlation with the deposition conditions.
EMBRAER: From national champion to global player

Much has been written on the macroeconomic aspects of the economic reform process in Latin America, but much less has been published on its microeconomic results, especially at the company level. This paper explores how Embraer, a Brazilian aircraft manufacturer, transformed itself after privatization to become a world market leader in a hightech industry traditionally dominated by companies based in member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Its main findings are that top management played a key role in aligning innovation for dynamic capabilites, that the company has been very successful in forming alliances with foreign partners and strengthening its bargaining position, and that the Brazilian authorities have consistently supported Embraer after relinquishing direct control. For these results to be extended to other companies, however, Brazil’s export promotion tools must be made compatible with multilateral norms.
The Difference between Abelian and Non-Abelian Models: Fact and Fancy

The commonly accepted belief that non-Abelian and Abelian models are different because of the presence/absence of instantons and/or perturbative asymptotic freedom is analyzed from a historical perspective. The presentation covers the major developments which brought about this dogma, as well as all the supportive evidence produced since. For a model possessing both asymptotic freedom and instantons it is shown rigorously that a disorder variable varies nonanalytically with the temperature.
Relaxing credit constraints in emerging economies: The impact of public loans on the productivity of Brazilian manufacturers

In emerging economies credit constraints are often perceived as one of the most important market frictions hampering firm productivity growth in manufacturing. Huge amount of public money is devoted to the removal of such constraints but its effectiveness is still subject to an intense policy debate. This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing the effects of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) loans. Exploiting the unique features of a dataset on BNDES loans to Brazilian manufactures, it finds that credit constraints facing Brazilian manufacturing firms are real, in particular for firms that apply to BNDES repeatedly, and BNDES support has allowed granted firms to match the performance of similar unconstrained firms but not to outperform them.
Essays in Evolution and Genetics in Honor of Theodosius Dobzhansky

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Leadership Strategies, Economic Activity, and Interregional Interaction: Social Complexity in Northeast China

1.  2. Reconciling the Dichotomies. 3. The Paradigm of Chinese Archaeology and the Archaeology of Northeast China. 4. Hongshan and Related Cultures (c. 4500-200 B.C.). 5. Lower Xiajiadian Period (c. 2300-1600 B.C.). 6. Upper Xiajiadian Period (c. 1000-600 B.C.). 7. Warring-States to the Han (5th Century B.C. to 3rd Century A.D.) and Liao (10th to 12th Century A.D.) Periods. 8. Diachronic Analysis of Processes in the Chifeng Area and Northeast China. 9. Conclusion and Suggestions for Future Archaeological Research in the Chifent Area.
Global Environmental Change: An Integrated Modelling Approach

global environmental change an integrated modelling approach. Book lovers, when you need a new book to read, find the book here. Never worry not to find what you need. Is the global environmental change an integrated modelling approach your needed book now? That's true; you are really a good reader. This is a perfect book that comes from great author to share with you. The book offers the best experience and lesson to take, not only take, but also learn.
Measurement-based quantum computation on two-body interacting qubits with adiabatic evolution.

A cluster state cannot be a unique ground state of a two-body interacting Hamiltonian. Here, we propose the creation of a cluster state of logical qubits encoded in spin-1/2 particles by adiabatically weakening two-body interactions. The proposal is valid for any spatial dimensional cluster states. Errors induced by thermal fluctuations and adiabatic evolution within finite time can be eliminated ensuring fault-tolerant quantum computing schemes.
Modeling the reaction mechanisms of the amide hydrolysis in an N-(o-carboxybenzoyl)-L-amino acid.

Reaction mechanisms of the amide hydrolysis from the protonated, neutral, and deprotonated forms of N-(o-carboxybenzoyl)-l-amino acid have been investigated by use of the B3LYP density functional method. Our calculations reveal that in the amide hydrolysis the reaction barrier is significantly lower in solution than that in the gas phase, in contrast with the mechanism for imide formation in which the solvent has little influence on the reaction barrier. In the model reactions, the water molecules function both as a catalyst and as a reactant. The reaction mechanism starting from the neutral form of N-(o-carboxybenzoyl)-l-amino acid, which corresponds to pH 0-3, is concluded to be the most favored, and a concerted mechanism is more favorable than a stepwise mechanism. This conclusion is in agreement with experimental observations that the optimal pH range for amide hydrolysis of N-(o-carboxybenzoyl)-l-leucine is pH 0-3 where N-(o-carboxybenzoyl)-l-leucine is predominantly in its neutral form. We suggest that besides the acid-catalyzed mechanism the addition-elimination mechanism is likely to be an alternative choice for cleaving an amide bond. For the reaction mechanism initiated by protonation at the amidic oxygen (hydrogen ion concentration H(0) < -1), the reaction of the model compound with two water molecules lowers the transition barrier significantly compared with that involving a single water molecule.
A Semi-Automatic Strategy to Identify Crosscutting Concerns in PL-AOVgraph Requirement Models

The Requirements Engineering area faces problems because the requirements are often ambiguous, incomplete or confusing. These points are commonly obscured by the natural language, which abstracts the complexity of interactions among requirements. However, these interactions need to be analyzed because they influence on how the software development life-cycle activities can be modularized from a well formulated and concise requirements description. In this context, PL-AOVgraph is an aspect-oriented requirement modeling language, which offers support to represent relationships among concerns and provides separation of crosscutting concerns. However, in order to identify these crosscutting concerns in PL-AOVgraph, there are only some heuristics, which help analysts to perform this activity manually. Therefore, this paper proposes a semi-automatic strategy to identify crosscutting concerns in PL-AOVgraph models. This strategy is based on analysis of an adjacency matrix composed of the relationships among requirements. In order to evaluate this strategy, a case study is applied.
Människa och religion i klangens värld. Nutida vägar mot en teologisk musikestetik

The article presents and discusses a number of recent scholarly attempts to investigate theological and/or religious dimensions of music. On the basis of critical interpretations of these (Anglophone and German) contributions the article proposes an interdisciplinary approach to a theological aesthetics of music. Such a methodology necessitates any "theologizing" to respect the singular qualities of music and engage with concrete examples of music.
Simplified Morasses with Linear Limits

?1. In a recent series of papers Kanamori (, , and [6]) defines generalizations of several combinatorial principles known to follow from the existence of morasses. Kanamori proves the consistency of his generalizations by forcing arguments which come close to satisfying the hypotheses of the Martin's Axiomtype characterizations of morasses developed independently by Shelah and Stanley  and the author . A similar "almost application" of morasses appears in , in which Todorcevic uses forcing to prove the consistency of the existence of Kurepa trees with no Aronszajn or Cantor subtrees. In all cases the attempted proofs using morasses fail for the same reason: the partial orders involved do not have strong enough closure properties. In an attempt to solve this problem Shelah and Stanley strengthened their characterization of morasses to allow applications to what they called "good canonical limit" partial orders. However, for rather subtle reasons even this strengthened forcing axiom is not good enough for the proposed applications. The problem this time is that Shelah and Stanley's "weak commutativity of Lim and restriction" requirement (see [9, 3.9(iv)]) is not satisfied. Furthermore, there is reason to believe that an ordinary morass is just not good enough for these applications, since in L morasses exist at all regular uncountable cardinals, but even a weak form of Todorcevic's conclusion cannot hold at ineffable cardinals (see the end of ?4). A possible solution to this problem is suggested by the fact that FLK is equivalent to a forcing axiom which applies to partial orders satisfying precisely the kind of weak closure conditions involved in the examples described above (see [13]). What is needed to make the proposed morass applications work is something which will do for morass constructions what Lb. does for ordinary transfinite recursion constructions. In this paper we show how extra structure can be built into a morass to accomplish this goal. All of our results are stated in terms of the simplification of morasses introduced in . For the convenience of the reader we list below the relevant definitions and theorems concerning simplified morasses. For the motivation behind the definitions and proofs of the theorems we refer the reader to .
Formation and performance of an Fe-based amorphous-nanocrystalline composite coating by laser cladding and remelting

A very important research topic in the area of the surface performance of engineering components, in particular their wear properties, recently has been the application of high quality surface layers on relatively cheap substrates. An Fe-based composite coating with both amorphous and nanocrystalline structures on a mild steel substrate offers a combination of high quality coating and low materials cost, at the same time extending the range of applications of traditional materials. The difficulties posed by preparation of Fe-based amorphous alloys have limited progress for many years. However, the recent development of high power lasers, and of laser material processing technology in general, has made the preparation of a Fe-based amorphous and nanocrystalline composite coatings over a large area a real possibility.
CPviolation in supersymmetricU(1)′models

The supersymmetric CP problem is studied within superstring-motivated extensions of the MSSM with an additional U(1) ′ gauge symmetry broken at the TeV scale. This class of models offers an attractive solution to the µ problem of the MSSM, in which U(1) ′ gauge invariance forbids the bare µ term, but an effective µ parameter is generated by the vacuum expectation value of a Standard Model singlet S which has superpotential coupling of the form SHuHd to the electroweak Higgs doublets. The effective µ parameter is thus dynamically determined as a function of the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters, and can be complex if the soft parameters have nontrivial CP-violating phases. We examine the phenomenological constraints on the reparameterization invariant phase combinations within this framework, and find that the supersymmetric CP problem can be greatly alleviated in models in which the phase of the SU(2) gaugino mass parameter is aligned with the soft trilinear scalar mass parameter associated with the SHuHd coupling. We also study how the phases filter into the Higgs sector, and find that while the Higgs sector conserves CP at the renormalizable level to all orders of perturbation theory, CP violation can enter at the nonrenormalizable level at one-loop order. In the majority of the parameter space, the lightest Higgs boson remains essentially CP even but the heavier Higgs bosons can exhibit large CP-violating mixings, similar to the CP-violating MSSM with large µ parameter.
TEACHING AND TRUTH "All You Needed Was Godzilla behind Them" Situating (Racial) Knowledge and Teaching Anna Deavere Smith's Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992

Both the text and the learning environment, connecting community sites, enact the formation of knowledge and interpretation whose insights stem from a juxtaposition of experiences, viewpoints, and histories. Students can thus explore key moments in US racial history and relate them importantly to personal stories, taking them out of the abstract or vague world of the history textbook. This is not to be underestimated: it stems from, and often prompts, continued student curiosity and desire to know and research, to fill gaps in their historical knowledge and in the public memory.  Los Angeles ’s intense juxtaposition of the personal with the historical fosters and rewards just this kind of curiosity and diligence; it also allows groups of students with different racial and ethnic backgrounds to explore, discuss, interpret, and learn from others’ interpretations of specific historical moments. As one of my students noted in a survey response, ‘I think [ Twilight: Los Angeles ] was a good choice because I didn’t learn about any of this in my earlier education. People need to know about the issues raised in the book because they still matter today.’
The thermoelectric radiation detector based on the multielement structures of the higher manganese silicide films

In this work it was informed about development of the thermoelectric radiation detector based on the multielement structures made of the polycrystalline higher manganese silicide films. The films were grown on a p-type silicon substrate with n-type silicon epitaxial layer with a thickness of about 30 /spl mu/m. For the purpose of decreasing short-circulating effects and thermal scattering of the substrate, the elements of the structures were separated by making grooves using mechanical cutting. Depth of the grooves is no more than 50 /spl mu/m. Electrical contacts to elements of the structure were made by ultrasonic bonding. Thermoelectric properties (conductivity, thermoelectric power, sensitivity and response time) of the multielement structures were investigated.
The Ideal of the Symbol: Some Nineteenth-Century Comparisons with Coleridge

Preface A note on notes Introduction 1. The concept of 'symbol' 2. The term 'symbol' and its cognates in the thought of Coleridge 3. Some contemporaries of Coleridge - chiefly Carlyle 4. Newman 5. Dean Inge, George Tyrrell and George MacDonald 6. Some conclusions Notes bibliography Index.
Gaussian processes online observation classification for RSSI-based low-cost indoor positioning systems

In this paper, we propose a real-time classification scheme to cope with noisy Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements utilized in indoor positioning systems. RSSI values are often converted to distances for position estimation. However due to multipathing and shadowing effects, finding a unique sensor model using both parametric and non-parametric methods is highly challenging. We learn decision regions using the Gaussian Processes classification to accept measurements that are consistent with the operating sensor model. The proposed approach can perform online, does not rely on a particular sensor model or parameters, and is robust to sensor failures. The experimental results achieved using hardware show that available positioning algorithms can benefit from incorporating the classifier into their measurement model as a meta-sensor modeling technique.
Corrosion resistance of AlN–SiC–TiB2 composite in air

The oxidation kinetics of AlN–SiC–TiB 2 composite in air has been investigated in terms of a theoretical analysis associated with the experiment data. The effects of temperature and temperature heating rate on the oxidation reaction have been discussed by using the “characteristic oxidation time”. The results show that the calculated results by our model can give a good agreement with the experimental data. From this study it is shown that, the “characteristic oxidation time” is a very useful parameter for comparing the property of oxidation resistance for different composites.
Conformal field theory approach to Fermi liquids and other highly entangled states

The Fermi surface may be usefully viewed as a collection of ($1+1$)-dimensional chiral conformal field theories. This approach permits straightforward calculation of many anomalous ground-state properties of the Fermi gas, including entanglement entropy and number fluctuations. The ($1+1$)-dimensional picture also generalizes to finite temperature and the presence of interactions. We argue that the low-energy entanglement structure of Fermi liquid theory is universal, depending only on the geometry of the interacting Fermi surface. We also describe three additional systems in $3+1$ dimensions where a similar mechanism leads to a violation of the boundary law for entanglement entropy.
Corrigendum to "Belief functions contextual discounting and canonical decompositions" [International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 53 (2012) 146-158]

Proposition 4 and Theorem 1 of the article "Belief functions contextual discounting and canonical decompositions" International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 53 (2012) 146-158 provide an erroneous result. We give here the true result with a correct proof.
Effect of co-existing Co2+ ions on the aggregation of humic acid in aquatic environment: Aggregation kinetics, dynamic properties and fluorescence spectroscopic study.

The fate and transport of humic substances in the aquatic environments depend significantly on their interactions with co-existing ions. Herein, we employed dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and fluorescence spectrometry to investigate the aggregation of humic acid (HA) in the presence of Co2+ ions. The aggregation kinetics was depicted by hydrodynamic diameter () and the attachment efficiency (α) of HA aggregates. α increases gradually in the reaction-limited (slow) regime due to the decrease of the double layer repulsion, and the energy barrier is eliminated to a certain extent in the diffusion-limited reaction while α close to unity. The complexation between functional groups (i.e. carboxylic and phenolic groups) of HA and Co2+ ions contributes significantly to the aggregation process of HA. MD simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrate that the aggregation process of HA can be promoted by Co2+ through several inter- or intra-molecular interactions between HA and the Co2+ ions. The results provide a pathway for insight into the interactions between HA and metal ions, which is important for deeply understanding the environmental behaviors of HA in natural aqueous systems.
Freedom and Resentment and Other Essays

Foreword Paul Snowdon Intellectual Autobiography P F Strawson Preface 1. Freedom and Resentment 2. Social Morality and Individual 3. Imagination and Perception 4. Causation and Perception 5. Perception and Identification 6. Catagories 7. Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations 8. Self, Mind and Body 9. Aesthetic Appraisal and Works of Art 10. Is Existence Never a Predicate? 11. On Understanding the Structure of One's Language Index