nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental geology in the United States: Present practice and future training needs

Environmental geology as practiced in the United States confronts issues in three large areas: Threats to human society from geologic phenomena (geologic hazards); impacts of human activities on natural systems (environmental impact), and natural-resource management.  This training must deal not only with the subdisciplines of geology but with education to cope with the ethical, interdisciplinary, and public-communication aspects of the work of the environmental geologist.
Role of dissolved humic acids in the biodegradation of a single isomer of nonylphenol by Sphingomonas sp.

This study shows the important role of humic acids in the degradation of (14)C and (13)C labeled isomer of NP by Sphingomonas sp. strain TTNP3 and the detoxification of the resulting metabolites. Due to the association of NP with humic acids, its solubility in the medium was enhanced and the extent of mineralization of nonylphenol increased from 20% to above 35%. This was accompanied by the formation of significant amounts of NP residues bound to the humic acids, which also occurred via abiotic reactions of the major NP metabolite hydroquinone with the humic acids. Gel permeation chromatography showed a non-homogenous distribution of NP residues with humic acids molecules, with preference towards molecules with high-molecular-weight. Solid state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that the nonextractable residues resulted exclusively from the metabolites. The chemical shifts of the labeled carbon indicated the possible covalent binding of hydroquinone to the humic acids via ester and possibly ether bonds, and the incorporation of degradation products of hydroquinone into the humic acids. This study provided evidences for the mediatory role of humic acids in the fate of NP as a sink for bacterial degradation intermediates of this compound.
Penelope's Web: Gender, Modernity, H. D.'s Fiction

Preface Acknowledgements Introduction: the double weave of H. D.'s prose modernism 1. 'H. D. - Who is she?': discourses of self-creation 2. Origins: rescriptions of desire in HER 3. Madrigals: love, war and the the return of the repressed 4. Borderlines: diaspora in the history novels and the Dijon series 5.
Optical and structural properties of perovskite films prepared with two-step spin-coating method

Perovskite materials have become great research interest due to their superior properties for high power conversion efficiency (PCE) solar cells. Recently, a PCE above 18% is already achieved using perovskite methylamonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPbI3) as active material. High quality crystal of perovskite film as active material is very crucial to be controlled for obtaining high PCE with high environmentally stable solar cells. Spin-coating and dip-coating methods are commonly used to prepare perovskite films for solar cells. However, not all lead(II) iodide PbI2 can be completely converted into perovskite which cause low PCE and deteriorate the stability of solar cells. Therefore, a suitable and simple method for obtaining high quality crystal MAPbI3 film is highly needed. Herein, we report our current study on the optical, structural and morphological properties of perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 films prepared by use of two-step spin coating method. By using this method, no PbI2 peak is observed in the XRD ...
Alumimium Titanate-Mullite Composites : Part1,Thermal Durability

The composites in the system aluminium titanate-mullite were synthesized by stepwise alkoxide hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate, Si(OCLH5), and titaniumtetraethoxide, in ethanolic colloidal solution. All particles produced by sol-gel-process were amorphous, monodispesed and had a narrow particle size distribution. Sintered bodies at for 2h were subjected to prolonged durability tests-on the one hand annealing at the critical decomposition temperature of for lOOh and on the other cyclic thermal shock between 750 and for 100h. The best thermal durability was achieved by a composition containing 70 and 80 vol% aluminium titanate, which showed little change in microstructure and thermal expansion cycles during the tests. The microstructural degradation of samples studied using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and dilatometry, was presented here. The study was conducted in order to predict the service life of aluminium titanate-mullite ceramics formed by this processing route.
The springtime of the Renaissance : sculpture and the arts in Florence 1400-60

The exhibition is divided into different parts, the first (Section I: The Legacy of the Fathers) exploring the rediscovery of ancient art in the 13th and 14th centuries by the likes of Nicola Pisano, Arnolfo and their successors. It then looks into the assimilation of Gothic style of French origin, including Brunelleschi's renowned sculpture, which is the starting point for the Early Renaissance. The exhibition follows development and influences from monumental sculptures by the likes of Donatello, Ghiberti, Nanni di Banco and Michelozzo, painting by artists such as Masaccio, Paolo Uccello, Andrea del Castagno and Filippo Lippi, and the impact on the political and spiritual mood of the city. Other elements include the development of perspective in bas-relief work, a taste for 'new beauty' and new commissions in places of worship, and the transition to the private patronage of the powerful Medici family. This beautiful exhibition catalogue encompasses the exhibition through over 200 images.
Reconstruction of Korean-Christian Experience in Post-Colonial Era

This thesis is a critique of Korean-Christian experiences in post-colonial era, and it suggests the method of getting over the ideology of Orientalism. Illustrating Orientalism as ‘discourse,’ this thesis criticizes the West’s “positional strength”over the East. In addition, almost all of imported knowledge from the West hides the discourse of Orientalism, and Koreans understand themselves through the eyes of the West. In the second part of this thesis, it introduces Lee Jung Young’s theological methodology. Chasing after his theology influenced by I-Ching, this writing argues that Korean-Christian experience of “in-between”can be transformed into that of “in-both,”and it is a possible way of overcoming Orientalism.
Cardiac rehabilitation outcomes in women with chronic heart failure: mood, fitness, and exercise safety.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of morbidity in the industrialized world; both men and women are affected in significant numbers. However, women are underrepresented in heart failure literature, and there is limited evidence of their cardiac rehabilitation outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a cardiac rehabilitation program in female CHF patients.



In a prospective cohort study, 60 female CHF subjects (median age, 59 years; median ejection fraction, 30%) were compared with 172 male CHF subjects (median age, 60 years; median ejection fraction, 27%), who completed an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program. Self-reported exercise levels and intensity, fitness (6-minute walk test [6MWT]), and depressed mood (Cardiac Depression Scale) were recorded and compared at admission and discharge. Questionnaires were also re-administered at patient review conducted 3 months postdischarge.



Both female and male subjects made significant improvements in exercise levels (P < .05), exercise intensity (P < .001), fitness (P < .001), and mood (P < .001) during rehabilitation. Women showed significantly greater improvement in 6MWT results by discharge (P = .007) compared with men. At discharge, fewer women than men (78% vs 88%) reported exercising to adequate levels (≥ 150 minutes/week), but this had reversed at 3 months postdischarge.



Women with heart failure demonstrate similar patterns of improvement during cardiac rehabilitation compared with men and, in fact, show greater improvements in fitness and longer term exercise levels. Low to moderate intensity cardiac rehabilitation is both safe and effective in this group.
Drug treatment of heart failure in the elderly

The prevalence of heart failure increases with age. Changes in the age distribution and growing life expectancy will lead to a further rise. However, data concerning drug treatment of heart failure especially in the elderly are scarce. Subgroup analyses of the heart failure trials suggest that drug therapy in older patients should follow the recommendations in the current guidelines. In doing so, several common comorbidities in these patients (e. g., impaired renal function) have to be considered and may have an influence on the therapy (e. g., drug dose, choice of active pharmaceutical ingredient, etc.). Especially in old, multimorbid patients, possible interaction of drugs might play a substantial role. In many cases the main goal of the therapy, especially in the very elderly, is to improve symptoms and quality of life.ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz der Herzinsuffizienz nimmt mit steigendem Alter deutlich zu. Aufgrund von Veränderungen in der Altersstruktur und einer zunehmenden Lebenserwartung ist mit einer weiteren Zunahme in den kommenden Jahren zu rechnen. Daten zur medikamentösen Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz speziell bei älteren Patienten existieren nur zu einem geringen Maße. Subgruppenanalysen aus den großen Herzinsuffizienzstudien legen jedoch nahe, dass die Therapie sich an der aktuellen leitliniengerechten Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz orientieren sollte. Dabei müssen jedoch Komorbiditäten wie v. a. Einschränkungen der Nierenfunktion und der mentale Status des Patienten mit ins Kalkül genommen werden und ggf. zur Anpassung der Therapie (z. B. Dosierung, Wirkstoffauswahl etc.) führen. Gerade bei älteren, multimorbiden Patienten spielen Arzneimittelinteraktionen eine wesentliche Rolle. Ziel der Therapie ist in vielen Fällen v. a. die Verbesserung der Symptomatik sowie der Lebensqualität.
Undergraduate programs in computer science

Since the publication of "Curriculum '68", that landmark report has been subject to numerous discussions, enlargements, and criticisms. An updated version of this work is currently under preparation. Some of the more significant criticisms which were directed at the original report concern the lack of attention to the physical aspects of computer science, the limited consideration of data processing as a profession, and the absence of courses in the area of computers and their impact on society. The computer science graduate and undergraduate programs at Worcester Polytechnic Institute were developed and implemented over the same time frame as "Curriculum '68". While the departmental computer science academic program was developing, Worcester Polytechnic Institute itself was simultaneously engaged in an exciting and unique experiment in undergraduate science and engineering education entitled the WPI Plan.
Separation axioms and frame representation of some topological facts

Similarly as the sobriety is essential for representing continuous maps as frame homo-morphisms, also other separation axioms play a basic role in expressing topological phenomena in frame language. In particular,TD is equivalent with the correctness of viewing subspaces as sublocates, or with representability of open or closed maps as open or closed homomorphisms. A weaker separation axiom is equivalent with an algebraic recognizability whether the intersection of a system of open sets remains open or not. The role of sobriety is also being analyzed in some detail.
Intellectual property rights in transition: legal structures and concepts in adaptation to technological challenges towards an intellectual property system for the 21st century. A Nordic-European research programme

The following is a presentation of a research project that will be undertaken over the coming years in co-operation between legal faculties in primarily Denmark, Finland and Sweden, the Netherlands and the Max Planck Institute in Germany. But additional participants from other universities in Europe will soon be invited to participate. The programme has been developed in collaboration with professor Niklas Bruun, Helsinki, and Dr. Annette Kur, The Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Patent, Copyright and Competition Law in Munich. The programme aims at investigating the new tendencies in the field of intellectual property and formulate solutions for adapting the system as a whole in the form of a new outward framework, if needed.
Seeing What We Know: Disability and Theories of Metaphor

The article examines the role of disability in George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's popular theories of cognitive metaphor and metaphor acquisition, and concludes that these theories are ableist in assuming that bodies have particular physical/cognitive/sensory experiences and related metaphorical expressions. In response, a disability approach to metaphor is suggested that engages the diversity of disability; refrains from policing metaphor; encourages transgression from the disability community; and invites creative and artistic reinterpretations of metaphor. This new approach is grounded in a critique of the metaphor knowing is seeing, which is commonly employed in academic writing and engaged in Lakoff and Johnson's work.
Sociology of Organization in Yugoslavia

The sociology of organization, as well as sociology in general is of a relatively new date and a new development. Generally, the sociological tradition in Yugoslavia is not very strong, as before the Second World War it did not exist at all, and after the War up until sixties it was considered as a bourgeois science not appropriate in a socialist society. Only after the general trend of liberalization in the early Sixties it gained the status of a scientific field parallel to economics, psychology and other social sciences. With the exception of the general sociology offered as a course on various faculties to give the students only the general insights into social phenomena, one of the most developed special fields in sociology is the sociology of organizations. It started to develop ten years ago as industrial sociology, and although it developed into a special branch, one still can find that the two names are used interchangeably. One indication of its flourishing is the fact that organizational sociology either under its original name or as industrial sociology -:is the credit course at the univerisities in Zagreb, Belgrade, Ljubljana, at all the faculties of the social sciences, at some technical faculties and the majority of economic faculties, which are numerous. At the sociological departments at the University of Zagreb and University of Ljubljana it is given as a separate course at the postgraduate level, but there is also a possibility of specialization in the field for those postgraduate students who get several courses in industrial/organizational sociology and complete a thesis on the subject. The other indication of the rapid development of this sociological branch is *the number of scientific centers or departments at various scientific institutions, throughout Yugoslavia. Attached to the University of Zagreb, Ljubljana, and Sarajevo are the Institutes of Social Research, each of which comprises one department concerned solely with the sociology of organization or industrial sociology. In Ljubljana such a center is situated at the Faculty of Political Sciences and Journalism. Only in Belgrade it doesn't exist in the scope of the University, but there is a department for industrial sociology at the Institute for Social Sciences outside the University.
Studies of Organic Semiconductors for 40 YearsVI

Although isolated studies of organic semiconductors and photoconductors were made starting from the beginning of this century, there was no comprehensive theory to rationalize the results. The publication of the book by Mott and Gurney1 explaining the electronic properties of ionic crystals in quantum mechanical terms played a significant role in establishing the latter part of 1940 as the beginning of modern studies of organic semiconductors.
The Tribonacci substitution.

We study the discretised segments generated by the iterated Tribonacci substitution and the projections of the integer points on them to some plane. After suitable transformations we get a sequence of finite two-dimensional words which tends to a doubly rotational word on Z 2. (Without scaling we would get the Rauzy fractal.) As an introduction we start with the corresponding case of the Fibonacci substitution. 1. The Fibonacci Word If there would exist Miss Word elections, the Fibonacci word would be an excellent candidate to win. In this section we give an overview of the properties of the Fibonacci word. For background information for this and other sections we refer to [L] and [B]. The Fibonacci substitution is the substitution φ over the 2-letter alphabet A := {0, 1} defined by φ(0) = 01, φ(1) = 0. If we start with 0 and repeatedly apply φ we get successively u 0 = 0 u 1 = 01 u 2 = 010 u 3 = 01001 u 4 = 01001010 u 5 = 0100101001001 u 6 = 010010100100101001010. . .
[Medical students' understanding of geriatric medicine].

With the rapid aging of Japan's population, medical professionals who specialize in geriatric medicine are in unprecedented demand. At Ehime University School of Medicine, the Department of Geriatric Medicine was established on April 1,1997. To assess the status of geriatric medicine in undergraduate education, we surveyed the opinions of medical students on geriatric medicine. A questionnaire was sent to both fourth-year medical students before their classes on internal medicine and geriatric medicine had ended and to sixth-year medical students after their classes had already ended. Medical students of Ehime University School of Medicine had significantly more interest in geriatric medicine than students at other medical schools. From a clinical viewpoint of problems in old age, they considered that cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disorders, neurocognitive disorders and pulmonary disease were important. A total of 60% agreed that all medical schools should have classes in geriatric medicine, which is a higher rate than that of previous reports. To study the opinions of medical students on textbooks on geriatrics, we also conducted a questionnaire among medical students. Although 90% of students had their own textbooks of internal medicine and almost half (42%) had textbooks on physical examination, none had their own textbook of geriatric medicine. The most frequent reason was "hard to choose the best textbook". The present study indicates that to develop education in geriatric medicine, it is important to make a recommendable text book for medical students, which is easily understood with high quality and originality.
The Economic Psychology of Television Advertising

Economic theories of the role of advertising in a market economy tend to focus on the provision of information to the consumer. The emprical validity of this rich body of work has been demonstrated convincingly, and points to a vital role for advertising in ensuring a robust and competitive marketplace. But there are also certain aspects of many advertisements–especially those seen on television–that are not easily explained by conventional economic models. In particular, much of the imagery and repetitive thematic content seen in advertisements would seem to be more “psychological” in nature than “informational.” In this paper we extend the model of Smith and Tasnadi (2009), which shows that information about threshold payoffs can induce sudden shifts in consumer demand by generating non-convexities in preferences over goods. We then examine the possibility that thematic content in a sample of 380 television advertisements conveys information about threshold payoffs. We find considerable evidence of threshold signaling in our sample.
Model-based programming environments for spreadsheets

Spreadsheets can be seen as a flexible programming environment. However, they lack some of the concepts of regular programming languages, such as structured data types. This can lead the user to edit the spreadsheet in a wrong way and perhaps cause corrupt or redundant data.We devised a method for extraction of a relational model from a spreadsheet and the subsequent embedding of the model back into the spreadsheet to create a model-based spreadsheet programming environment. The extraction algorithm is specific for spreadsheets since it considers particularities such as layout and column arrangement. The extracted model is used to generate formulas and visual elements that are then embedded in the spreadsheet helping the user to edit data in a correct way.We present preliminary experimental results from applying our approach to a sample of spreadsheets from the EUSES Spreadsheet Corpus.Finally, we conduct the first systematic empirical study to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach. A set of spreadsheet end users worked with two different model-based spreadsheets, and we present and analyze here the results achieved. We infer a relational model from spreadsheet data.The extracted model is embedded into the spreadsheet.We develop a model-based spreadsheet programming environment.The environment provides advanced editing assistance.We validate our techniques via an empirical study.
Atomic scale investigation of ordering and precipitation processes in a model NiCrAl alloy

The tomographic atom probe has been applied to the study of early stages of precipitation of the Ni 3 Al-type ordered γ′ phase in a model nickel base superalloy NiCrAl. The investigation of a low-supersaturated alloy (15 at% Cr, 5 at% Al) aged at 600°C shows that small γ′ particles 2 nm in diameter form already after 1 h. Even for such very small sizes, particles are well ordered. Their composition is close to the equilibrium composition of the γ′ phase and does not evolve as ageing proceeds. The time evolution of the particle size and of the composition of the γ matrix suggests that a growth mechanism is involved before 4 h, followed by a coarsening regime.
Perception, Realism and the Problem of Reference: Contents

1. Reference, perception, and realism Athanassios Raftopoulos and Peter Machamer 2. Towards an (improved) interdisciplinary investigation of demonstrative reference Amanda Brovold and Rick Grush 3. Visual demonstratives Mohan Matthen 4. Losing grip on the world: from illusion to sense-data Derek Brown 5. Perceiving the intended model John Campbell 6. Individuation, reference, and sortal terms Jonathan Lowe 7. Action, perception, and reference Peter Machamer and Lisa Osbeck 8. Personal and semantic reference Gerald Vision 9. Reference from a behaviorist point of view Don Howard 10. Causal-descriptivism and the reference of theoretical terms Stathis Psillos 11. Scientific representation, denotation, and explanatory power Demetris Portides 12. Referring to localized cognitive operations in parts of dynamically active brains William Bechtel.
Network Comparison: Embeddings and Interiors

This paper presents methods to compare networks where relationships between pairs of nodes in a given network are defined. We define such network distance by searching for the optimal method to embed one network into another network, prove that such distance is a valid metric in the space of networks modulo permutation isomorphisms, and examine its relationship with other network metrics. The network distance defined can be approximated via multidimensional scaling; however, the lack of structure in networks results in suboptimal approximations. To alleviate such a problem, we consider methods to define the interiors of networks. We show that comparing interiors induced from a pair of networks yields the same result as the actual network distance between the original networks. Practical implications are explored by showing the ability to discriminate networks generated by different models.