nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolite profiling of blood from individuals undergoing planned myocardial infarction reveals early markers of myocardial injury.

Emerging metabolomic tools have created the opportunity to establish metabolic signatures of myocardial injury. We applied a mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling platform to 36 patients undergoing alcohol septal ablation treatment for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, a human model of planned myocardial infarction (PMI). Serial blood samples were obtained before and at various intervals after PMI, with patients undergoing elective diagnostic coronary angiography and patients with spontaneous myocardial infarction (SMI) serving as negative and positive controls, respectively. We identified changes in circulating levels of metabolites participating in pyrimidine metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and its upstream contributors, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Alterations in levels of multiple metabolites were detected as early as 10 minutes after PMI in an initial derivation group and were validated in a second, independent group of PMI patients. A PMI-derived metabolic signature consisting of aconitic acid, hypoxanthine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and threonine differentiated patients with SMI from those undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography with high accuracy, and coronary sinus sampling distinguished cardiac-derived from peripheral metabolic changes. Our results identify a role for metabolic profiling in the early detection of myocardial injury and suggest that similar approaches may be used for detection or prediction of other disease states.
A prospective, randomized, comparative trial evaluating respiratory depression during patient-controlled versus anesthesiologist-administered propofol-remifentanil sedation for elective colonoscopy.

Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) with propofol-remifentanil (PR) is associated with rapid sedation and recovery, but it is associated with a greater requirement for airway rescue than PCS with midazolam-fentanyl.



To demonstrate that respiratory depression associated with PR is more frequent during anesthesiologist-administered sedation (AAS) than during PCS.



Prospective, randomized, open-label study.



Academic medical center.



Fifty patients undergoing elective colonoscopy.



PCS or AAS using PR. All patients breathed 100% oxygen via an anesthesia mask with continuous spirometry and bispectral index (BIS).



Respiratory rate and BIS.



Colonoscopy was completed in all patients. No patient under PCS required airway rescue. Five patients under AAS required bag-mask ventilation to resolve Sao(2) (arterial oxygen saturation) less than 90% lasting longer than 30 seconds. The median BIS for the AAS group was 71.7 (range 61.06-82.34) and 88.1 (range 83.15-93.05) for the PCS group. Median respiratory rates were 5.97 (range 1.21-10.73) breaths per minute for AAS and 13.19 (range 9.54-16.84) for PCS. Respiratory rates less than 2 breaths per minute composed 28% of the procedure time for AAS, but only 5% for PCS. Patients under PCS had lower median predicted effect site concentrations for PR, but were able to achieve brief peak levels exceeding those with AAS. These differences were significant (P < .001).



Potential for bias with AAS.



Patients undergoing colonoscopy with PR are significantly more likely to require intervention for hypoventilation compared with PCS. (
Prefrontal cortex white matter tracts in prodromal Huntington disease.

Huntington disease (HD) is most widely known for its selective degeneration of striatal neurons but there is also growing evidence for white matter (WM) deterioration. The primary objective of this research was to conduct a large-scale analysis using multisite diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) tractography data to quantify diffusivity properties along major prefrontal cortex WM tracts in prodromal HD. Fifteen international sites participating in the PREDICT-HD study collected imaging and neuropsychological data on gene-positive HD participants without a clinical diagnosis (i.e., prodromal) and gene-negative control participants. The anatomical prefrontal WM tracts of the corpus callosum (PFCC), anterior thalamic radiations (ATRs), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi (IFO), and uncinate fasciculi (UNC) were identified using streamline tractography of DWI. Within each of these tracts, tensor scalars for fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity coefficients were calculated. We divided prodromal HD subjects into three CAG-age product (CAP) groups having Low, Medium, or High probabilities of onset indexed by genetic exposure. We observed significant differences in WM properties for each of the four anatomical tracts for the High CAP group in comparison to controls. Additionally, the Medium CAP group presented differences in the ATR and IFO in comparison to controls. Furthermore, WM alterations in the PFCC, ATR, and IFO showed robust associations with neuropsychological measures of executive functioning. These results suggest long-range tracts essential for cross-region information transfer show early vulnerability in HD and may explain cognitive problems often present in the prodromal stage. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3717-3732, 2015.
Semi-automatic video annotation based on active learning with multiple complementary predictors

In this paper, we will propose a novel semi-automatic annotation scheme for video semantic classification. It is well known that the large gap between high-level semantics and low-level features is difficult to be bridged by full-automatic content analysis mechanisms. To narrow down this gap, relevance feedback has been introduced in a number of literatures, especially in those works addressing the problem of image retrieval. And at the same time, active learning is also suggested to accelerate the converging speed of the learning process by labeling the most informative samples. Generally an active learning scheme includes a sample selection engine and a learning engine. In this paper, we will discuss the limitations of existing active learning algorithms and propose a novel active learning scheme based on multiple complementary predictors and incremental model adaptation, which improves the efficiencies of both of the primary components of active learning. Firstly, an efficient sample selection scheme is proposed, in which multiple predictors are applied to find most informative samples. Then an incremental model adaptation technique, maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR), is used to update the classifiers which tackle the issue of unbalance between the original training set and the newly labeled data. It is proved that the samples selected by the proposed scheme are more representative than general active learning scheme, as well as the incremental model adaptation scheme is effective especially when the newly added data size is small.
Safety and Immunogenicity of H1/IC31®, an Adjuvanted TB Subunit Vaccine, in HIV-Infected Adults with CD4+ Lymphocyte Counts Greater than 350 cells/mm3: A Phase II, Multi-Centre, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Novel tuberculosis vaccines should be safe, immunogenic, and effective in various population groups, including HIV-infected individuals. In this phase II multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the safety and immunogenicity of the novel H1/IC31 vaccine, a fusion protein of Ag85B-ESAT-6 (H1) formulated with the adjuvant IC31, was evaluated in HIV-infected adults.



HIV-infected adults with CD4+ T cell counts >350/mm3 and without evidence of active tuberculosis were enrolled and followed until day 182. H1/IC31 vaccine or placebo was randomly allocated in a 5:1 ratio. The vaccine was administered intramuscularly at day 0 and 56. Safety assessment was based on medical history, clinical examinations, and blood and urine testing. Immunogenicity was determined by a short-term whole blood intracellular cytokine staining assay.



47 of the 48 randomised participants completed both vaccinations. In total, 459 mild or moderate and 2 severe adverse events were reported. There were three serious adverse events in two vaccinees classified as not related to the investigational product. Local injection site reactions were more common in H1/IC31 versus placebo recipients (65.0% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.015). Solicited systemic and unsolicited adverse events were similar by study arm. The baseline CD4+ T cell count and HIV viral load were similar by study arm and remained constant over time. The H1/IC31 vaccine induced a persistent Th1-immune response with predominately TNF-α and IL-2 co-expressing CD4+ T cells, as well as polyfunctional IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 expressing CD4+ T cells.



H1/IC31 was well tolerated and safe in HIV-infected adults with a CD4+ Lymphocyte count greater than 350 cells/mm3. The vaccine did not have an effect on CD4+ T cell count or HIV-1 viral load. H1/IC31 induced a specific and durable Th1 immune response.
Post-treatment outcomes in a double-blind, randomized trial of sertraline for alcohol dependence.

Pharmacotherapy studies in alcohol dependence (AD) are generally of short duration and do not include post-treatment follow-up. We examined the durability of treatment effects in a placebo-controlled trial of sertraline for AD.



As previously reported, patients received 12 weeks of treatment with sertraline (n = 63) or placebo (n = 71), followed by assessments at 3 and 6 months post-treatment (Kranzler et al., 2011, ). We examined the main and interaction effects with time of 3 between-subject factors (medication group, age of onset of AD [late-onset alcoholics, LOAs, vs. early-onset alcoholics, EOAs], and the tri-allelic 5-HTTLPR genotype) on drinking days (DDs) and heavy drinking days (HDDs).



The medication group effect, which was significant during treatment, remained significant during the 3-month follow-up period for L'/L' LOAs, with the sertraline group having fewer DDs than the placebo group (p = 0.027). However, the medication group effect seen in L'/L' EOAs during treatment was no longer significant (p = 0.48). There were no significant effects in S' carriers at the 3-month follow-up visit, or in either genotype group at the 6-month follow-up.



The beneficial effects of sertraline observed in LOAs during treatment persisted during the 3-month post-treatment period. Additional studies are needed to validate these pharmacogenetic findings, which together with the effects seen during active treatment support the use of sertraline only in LOAs.
Adenosine versus regadenoson comparative evaluation in myocardial perfusion imaging: results of the ADVANCE phase 3 multicenter international trial.

Earlier phase 1 and 2 studies have shown that regadenoson has desirable features as a stress agent for myocardial perfusion imaging.



This multicenter, double-blinded phase 3 trial involved 784 patients at 54 sites. Each patient underwent 2 sets of gated single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging studies: an initial qualifying study with adenosine and a subsequent randomized study with either regadenoson (2/3 of patients) or adenosine. Regadenoson was administered as a rapid bolus (<10 seconds) of 400 mug. The primary endpoint was to demonstrate noninferiority by showing that the difference in the strength of agreement in detecting reversible defects, based on blinded reading, between sequential adenosine-regadenoson images and adenosine-adenosine images, lay above a prespecified noninferiority margin. Other prospectively defined safety and tolerability comparisons and supporting analyses were also performed. The average agreement rate based on the median of 3 independent blinded readers was 0.63 +/- 0.03 for regadenoson-adenosine and 0.64 +/- 0.04 for adenosine-adenosine-a 1% absolute difference with the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval lying above the prespecified noninferiority margin. Side-by-side interpretation of regadenoson and adenosine images provided comparable results for detecting reversible defects. The peak increase in heart rate was greater with regadenoson than adenosine, but the blood pressure nadir was similar. A summed symptom score of flushing, chest pain, and dyspnea was less with regadenoson than adenosine (P = .013).



This phase 3 trial shows that regadenoson provides diagnostic information comparable to a standard adenosine infusion. There were no serious drug-related side effects, and regadenoson was better tolerated than adenosine.
Balance disorder and increased risk of falls in osteoporosis and kyphosis: significance of kyphotic posture and muscle strength

This controlled trial was designed to investigate the influence of osteoporosis-related kyphosis (O-K) on falls. Twelve community-dwelling women with O-K (Cobb angle, 50–65° measured from spine radiographs) and 13 healthy women serving as controls were enrolled. Mean age of the O-K group was 76 years (±5.1), height 158 cm (±5), and weight 61 kg (±7.9), and mean age of the control group was 71 years (±4.6), height 161 cm (±3.8), and weight 66 kg (±11.7). Quantitative isometric strength data were collected. Gait was monitored during unobstructed level walking and during stepping over an obstacle of four different heights randomly assigned (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the subject’s height). Balance was objectively assessed with computerized dynamic posturography consisting of the sensory organization test. Back extensor strength, grip strength, and all lower extremity muscle groups were significantly weaker in the O-K group than the control group ( P <0.05), except right ankle plantar flexors ( P =0.09). There was a significant difference in the anteroposterior and mediolateral displacements and velocities. The O-K subjects had less anteroposterior displacement, greater mediolateral displacement, reduced anteroposterior velocity, and increased mediolateral velocity compared with controls for all conditions of unobstructed and obstructed level walking. Obstacle height had a significant effect on all center-of-mass variables. The O-K subjects had significantly greater balance abnormalities on computerized dynamic posturography than the control group ( P =0.002). Data show that thoracic hyperkyphosis on a background of reduced muscle strength plays an important role in increasing body sway, gait unsteadiness, and risk of falls in osteoporosis.
Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and pro-vasopressin for predicting short-term and long-term survival in community-acquired pneumonia: results from the German Competence Network CAPNETZ.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most important clinical infection with a high long-term mortality rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of biomarkers for the prediction of short-term and long-term mortality in CAP.



A total of 1740 patients of mean + or - SD age 60 + or - 18 years (45% female) with proven CAP were enrolled in the study. Mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), C-terminal pro-atrial vasopressin (CT-proAVP), procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, leucocyte count (WBC) and CRB-65 score were determined on admission. Patients were followed up for 180 days.



MR-proANP and CT-proAVP levels increased with increasing severity of CAP, classified according to CRB-65 score. In patients who died within 28 and 180 days, median MR-proANP (313.9 vs 80.0 and 277.8 vs 76.0 pmol/l, each p<0.0001) and CT-proAVP (42.6 vs 11.2 and 33.2 vs 10.7 pmol/l, each p<0.0001) levels were significantly higher than the levels in survivors. In receiver operating characteristics analysis for survival at 28 and 180 days, the areas under the curves (AUCs) for CT-proAVP (0.84, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.86 and 0.78, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.80) and MR-proANP (0.81, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.83 and 0.81, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.83) were superior to the AUC of CRB-65 (0.74, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.76 and 0.71, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.74, p<0.05), procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and WBC. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses adjusted for comorbidity and pneumonia severity, MR-proANP and CT-proAVP were independent and the strongest predictors of short-term and long-term mortality.



MR-proANP and CT-proAVP are powerful tools for the prediction of short-term and long-term risk stratification of patients with CAP.
Omeprazole vs ranitidine in the healing of duodenal ulcer.

To assess the comparative efficacy of omeprazole 20 mg in the morning versus ranitidine 150 mg twice a day, in the healing of duodenal ulcer, 43 endoscopically verified cases were randomly allocated to 2 or 4 weeks (if ulcer did not heal at 2 weeks) treatment. Two cases were excluded due to deviation from the protocol. Of 21 cases treated with omeprazole 15 (71%) healed at two weeks and all (100%) at 4 weeks. Similarly of 20 cases treated with ranitidine, 14 (70%) healed at 2 and 18 (90%) at 4 weeks (P = NS). Two patients who did not heal with ranitidine, when crossed over to omeprazole healed at 4 weeks. No significant difference in the rate of pain relief, clinical or laboratory parameters or adverse effects were noted in either group. Both the drugs were well tolerated and were potent healer of duodenal ulcer; but omeprazole appears to be superior in the healing of resistent ulcers.
Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with improved cardiac autonomic function among middle-aged men: a twin study.

Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic dysfunction, is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Diet can influence HRV, but this association may be confounded by genetic and environmental factors.



We administered the Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire to 276 middle-aged male twins. We derived a score measuring the extent to which an individual's diet conformed to the Mediterranean diet following a published algorithm. The higher the score, the greater the similarity to the Mediterranean diet. All twins underwent 24-hour ambulatory ECG recording. Time and frequency domain measures of HRV were calculated. Mixed-effects regression was used to partition the association into between- and within-twin pair differences. After adjusting for energy intake, other nutritional factors, shared genes, and common environment, a 1-unit higher score was significantly associated with 3.9% to 13% higher time and frequency domain HRV parameters. Further controlling for known cardiovascular risk factors and use of fish oil supplements and medications did not substantially change the estimates.



The Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with higher HRV.
Laparoscopic-assisted versus open resection of right-sided colonic cancer—a prospective randomized controlled trial

This study aims to compare the perioperative outcomes and survival between laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy (LARH) and open right hemicolectomy (ORH) for right-sided colon cancer. Between July 1996 and October 2005, 145 patients were randomized to receive LARH (n = 71) or ORH (n = 74). The median follow-up of living patients was 99.7 months. The demographic data of the two groups were similar. The time to resume diet (4 vs. 5 days, p = 0.045) and the hospital stay (7.8 vs. 10 days, p = 0.033) were significantly shorter in LARH group, but these benefits were at the expense of longer operating time (198 vs. 129 min, p = 0.002) and higher direct cost (USD8745 vs. USD6293, p < 0.001). The morbidity and mortality were comparable between the two groups. After curative resection, the probabilities of survival at 5 years of the LARH and ORH groups were 74.2% (SE 7.4%) and 75% (SE 7.1%), respectively. The probabilities of being disease free at 5 years were 82.3% (SE 6.9%) and 84.1% (SE 6.2%), respectively. Laparoscopic-assisted resection of right-sided colonic cancer has the advantage over open surgery in allowing earlier recovery. However this is at the expense of a longer operating time and higher direct cost (registration number: NCT00485316 .
Effects of Thai Massage on Spasticity in Young People with Cerebral Palsy.

To determine the effects of Thai massage on muscle spasticity in young people with cerebral palsy.



Young people with spastic diplegia, aged 6-18 years old, were recruitedfrom the Srisungwan School in Khon Kaen Province. Spasticity of right quadriceps femoris muscles was measured using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) at pre- and immediately post 30-minute session of Thai massage. Thai massage was applied on the lower back and lower limbs. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to compare the outcome between pre- and post treatment.



Seventeen participants with spastic diplegia aged 13.71 +/- 3.62 years old participated. A significant difference of MAS was observed between pre- and post treatment (1+, 1; p<0.01). No adverse events were reported.



Thai massage decreased muscle spasticity and is suggested to be an alternative treatmentfor reducing spasticity in young people with cerebral palsy.
Dexamethasone in patients with acute lung injury from acute monocytic leukaemia.

The use of steroids is not required in myeloid malignancies and remains controversial in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We sought to evaluate dexamethasone in patients with ALI/ARDS caused by acute monocytic leukaemia (AML FAB-M5) via either leukostasis or leukaemic infiltration. Dexamethasone (10 mg every 6 h until neutropenia) was added to chemotherapy and intensive care unit (ICU) management in 20 consecutive patients between 2005 and 2008, whose data were compared with those from 20 historical controls (1994-2002). ICU mortality was the primary criterion. We also compared respiratory deterioration rates, need for ventilation and nosocomial infections. 17 (85%) patients had hyperleukocytosis, 19 (95%) had leukaemic masses, and all 20 had severe pancytopenia. All patients presented with respiratory symptoms and pulmonary infiltrates prior to AML FAB-M5 diagnosis. Compared with historical controls, dexamethasone-treated patients had a significantly lower ICU mortality rate (20% versus 50%; p = 0.04) and a trend for less respiratory deterioration (50% versus 80%; p = 0.07). There were no significant increases in the rates of infections with dexamethasone. In conclusion, in patients with ALI/ARDS related to AML FAB-M5, adding dexamethasone to conventional chemotherapy seemed effective and safe. These results warrant a controlled trial of dexamethasone versus placebo in AML FAB-M5 patients with noninfectious pulmonary infiltrates.
Ketotifen in the prophylaxis of childhood asthma.

nor unique. Every acute children's ward has its problems which are the outcome of its history and geography; all share the problem of being at the mercy of unpredictable factors and of emergency admissions. They suffer also from the problem of having to have 3 different sizes of bed or cot. I am certain that similar experiences are common in district general hospitals throughout the country. The object of this short report is to point out to administrators, and to others who do bed-occupancy sums, that they should not always use the same criteria to indicate efficiency in hospital action. They should look at each separate case and discover whether a full or part-empty ward really represents efficient management of resources.