nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Decades of Decadence in Economic Theorizing

THE CONSTANTLY PROLIFERATING TREE of economic theory has various branches. In this pap -r, attention will be devoted not to all the branches but only to that which is concerned with monetary theory, and especially with monetary theory as it relates to the fluctuations of business, to the alternation of "prosperity" and "depression." An understanding of the way in which restriction of the circulating medium conduces to business depression can probably best be reached if we begin with the simplest possible case. Let us assume, therefore, an economy in which there are no banks and in which all transactions are carried on by the use of money. There is, as in the world we know, buying and selling of commodities, borrowing and lending of money, leasing of land and buildings and the hiring of labor. Let us assume that the amount of money in circulation in 1928 and until (say) June 30th of 1929 was 21 billions of dollars, that trade has been and is active and that employment is steady and high. But immediately thereafter the quantity of money decreases, and rather quickly, to 14 billion dollars. In order that our illustration may more closely simulate the conditions often occurring in the contemporary world, we shall assume the decrease in money to occur in such a way that almost no one has any realization of what has occurred to others than himself and that, in any case, few would understand its significance or anticipate its consequences. Through one or another circumstance, each person has lost (on the average)
Institutional and financial framework for job rotation in nine European countries

Job rotation as an important element of labour market policy has only a rather short tradition in most Member States of the European Union, except in the scandinavian countries. The transnational partnership job rotation was founded at the end of 1995 and financing for job rotation projects came mainly from the Community Initiative ADAPT, but also from the European Structural Funds. Job rotation here is defined as the combination of further training for the employed and substitution by a previously unemployed person. In the nonscandinavian countries manifold local initiatives were started, which operate under very heterogeneous institutional and financial national frameworks. For these reasons a solely quantitative comparison of results of the individual projects may be misleading. We attempt to analyse and compare in this study the legal, political and financial preconditions on the national and local level as well as the relevant incentives for the firm of job rotation projects.
Hölderlin, the poetics of being

Here is a comprehensive introduction for the English reader to the poetry of Friedrich H?lderlin. The poet is studied in the context of the romantic age, but as one who imparted depth to the movement and influenced the critical debates of the 20th century.Adrian Del Caro presents as detailed, readable discussion of H?lderlin's major poems that clarifies, but does not lose sight of, the powerful formulations that animate H?lderlinian spirit. H?lderlin's specific effort in the determination of the direction of modern man had to do with the relationship of poetry to being. Del Caro draws on the contributions of Nietzsche and Heidegger within the theoretical framework of the question of being. H?lderlin, "the poet of poets," is presented at work and in his works as the instrument of conviviality binding mortal to mortal and mortal to divine.
Hadronic mass and q^2 moments in B->Xu l nu

We present OPE predictions for the hadronic mass and q^2 moments in inclusive semileptonic charmless B decays, with a lower cut on the charged lepton energy and an upper cut on the hadronic invariant mass. We include non-perturbative corrections through O(1/m_b^3) and perturbative contributions through O(alpha_s^2 beta_0). We also investigate the range of the cut on the hadronic mass for which the local OPE can be considered valid and give estimates of the residual theoretical uncertainty. The study of these moments is important to constrain the effect of the Weak Annihilation (WA) contributions and the shape of the distribution function, providing a more precise inclusive determination of V_ub.
ToposText: A Project of the Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation Created by Brady Kiesling

ToposText links readers and travelers to Europe’s most ancient literary culture and to the Greek landscape that inspired it. TT presents 5000 places relevant to the ancient Greek world -- ancient cities and shrines, medieval castles and towers, modern museums, and excavation sites -- primarily in Greece but including major ancient places from Spain to the Caucasus. It links those places to the ancient authors who wrote about them in Greek or Latin. A large classical library married to a detailed gazetteer with hand-corrected geographic coordinates, freely available as a mobile application or this web site.
Forward modeling of bank-margin carbonate diagenesis

We have applied forward modeling to investigate deposition and early diagenesis resulting from the interaction of high-frequency glacioeustatic sea-level fluctuation with bank-margin carbonates in a subsiding basin. The model output yields lithologies predicted by the static model, but the relation of these lithologies to any particular subaerial exposure surface is obscured by the complexity of glacioeustatic sea-level history. The geologic history of our synthetic stratigraphic sequences could not be unraveled by traditional stratigraphic and sedimentologic study methods. Forward modeling is the preferred approach to analysis of carbonate sequences.
Euro-centric diplomacy: Challenging but manageable

Drawing on the work of cultural anthropologists Clifford Geertz and Marshall Sahlins, I suggest a layered conceptualization of diplomacy as consisting of myths, sociabilities and practices which allows us to open the question of diplomacy’s Euro-centrism to empirical scrutiny. As do all known diplomatic systems, European diplomacy has its roots in the social systems of kinship and religion. It is rooted in Christian mythology, and this mythology informs its sociabilities and practices. Three mini-case studies (of diplomatic immunity, permanent representation and the institution of dean of the corps diplomatique) demonstrate that this mythology shines through in present-day diplomacy as well. Since diplomatic practices bear the mark of a European cultural context, it privileges the life chances of those native to that context. In this sense, diplomacy is Euro-centric. I then go on to argue that, empirically, this does not seem to be a particularly pressing problem. The real problem may be external to diplo...
Findings and Its Geological Significance of the Upper Devonian Ophiolite in Hujierte Area,Damao County,Inner Mongolia,China

Assemblages of the Upper Devonian ultrabasic rock,cumlative complex,diabase-dike swarm as well as basic pillow lava nipping radiolarian Si-sargillaceous rocks are discovered in Hujierte area,Inner Mongolia,China.They are typical ophiolite,which geochemical compositions accord with the characteristics of MORB.The age of 371.0±5.3 Ma using zircon U-Pb geologic dating method shows that there is the Upper Paleozoic era oceanic crust in this area,being a part of the Paleo-Asiatic Ocean,it is possibly a branch of ocean basin in archipelago paleogeographic pattern between the Siberian plate and the Sino-Korean plate,not inner the Sino-Korean plate,a northern part of the Sino-Korean plate should be on the south of Hujierte at the least.
Feminist Ethics of Reproduction and Women's Bodies

The twentieth century saw the development and use of various scientific and medical technologies to intervene in the process of human biological reproduction, and in principle to extend our reproductive options. I analyse some of the developments in the application of these technologies, in particular the technologies for sex (pre-) selection to consider their consequences for society in general and for women in particular by making use of some of the concepts in feminist ethics. I argue that applied in a social, political and economic context of inequality, exclusion and discrimination, reproductive technologies replicate or exacerbate existing inequality, and create new forms of inequality. Although, they may further the individual interests of a few women, they violate several feminist ethical principles, in particular the principles of reproductive justice and gender justice.
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the early Mesozoic North Mountain basalts of Nova Scotia, Canada

The early Mesozoic North Mountain basalts of Nova Scotia are quartz-normative tholeiites with compositions comparable to other Northern Appalachian TriassicJurassic tholeiitic lavas, dikes, and sills related to the initial stages of the opening of the Atlantic. The subaerial basalts form a northeast-southwest-trending belt, 2 0 0 km long, with thickness decreasing northeastward from about 400 m to 275 m. Distinct but constant initial Sr isotopic ratios indicate that the magma was not contaminated by the crust during its ascent and emplacement, although other evidence suggests that it underwent fractional crystallization dominated by the separation of pyroxenes and plagioclase. Bands of mafic pegmatite and rhyolite in the thick flows are the results of "in situ" differentiation of the host basalts. The trace element traits, including the relative depletion of Nb and enrichment of K, Rb, Ba, light rare earth elements, and Th as well as the "enriched" isotopic characteristics of the lavas, suggest a subcontinental lithospheric mantle source for the North Mountain basalts.
The Euro and Structural Reforms

This paper investigates whether or not the adoption of the Euro has facilitated the introduction of structural reforms, defined as deregulation in the product markets and liberalization and deregulation in the labor markets. After reviewing the theoretical arguments that may link the adoption of the Euro and structural reforms, we investigate the empirical evidence. We find that the adoption of the Euro has been associated with an acceleration of the pace of structural reforms in the product market. The adoption of the Euro does not seem to have accelerated labor market reforms in the "primary labor market;" however, the run up to the Euro adoption seems to have been accompanied by wage moderation. We also investigate issues concerning the sequencing of goods and labor market reforms.
Reducing the Crime Problem: A Not So Dismal Criminology

The New Criminology appeared when I was a PhD student at the University of Queensland. It was the most important criminology book of the decade. More generally, the 1970s was the British decade in criminology, just as the 1960s had been in music. American criminology, which had dominated our thinking in the colonies during the 1960s, seemed theoretically uninspired in comparison. But by the 1980s the Cliff Richards of British criminology were back. Places such as Canada, Scandinavia and even Australia became more interesting intellectual communities for criminologists. Some of those involved in the great British criminology books of the 1970s — Maureen Cain, Stan Cohen, Frank Pearce, Ian Taylor, Paul Walton — actually left the country. Among the others who left were Kit Carson and Barry Hindess, who, while they did not write central criminological books during the 1970s, in different ways significantly influenced the British intellectual leadership of the field.
Theories of Mythology

List of Figures. Preface. 1. Introducing "Myth". 2.  The Rise of the Comparative Method.  The World According to Frazer: Problems and Presuppositions.  A Study in and of Comparison. Comparison of the Greek and Hittite Myths of the Divine Succession. 3. Psychology:. Freud and the Discovery of the Unconscious. Psychoanalysis to Myth Analysis. Freud and Anthropology. Freud in his Social and Theoretical Context. 4.  Jane Harrison and Ritualism.  Saussure and Structural Linguistics. Syntagmatic Structuralism. A Critique of Syntagmatic Structuralism. Paradigmatic Structuralism.  Total Structure. Totalizing Structure. 6.  Structure and Ideology. Poststructualisms, Postmodernism, and Ideology. Decrypting Ideology. An Ideological Analysis of the Myth of Heracles. Epilogue. A Little Further Reading. Bibliography.
Toward Precision Healthcare: Context and Mathematical Challenges

Precision medicine refers to the idea of delivering the right treatment to the right patient at the right time, usually with a focus on a data-centered approach to this task. In this perspective piece, we use the term "precision healthcare" to describe the development of precision approaches that bridge from the individual to the population, taking advantage of individual-level data, but also taking the social context into account. These problems give rise to a broad spectrum of technical, scientific, policy, ethical and social challenges, and new mathematical techniques will be required to meet them. To ensure that the science underpinning "precision" is robust, interpretable and well-suited to meet the policy, ethical and social questions that such approaches raise, the mathematical methods for data analysis should be transparent, robust, and able to adapt to errors and uncertainties. In particular, precision methodologies should capture the complexity of data, yet produce tractable descriptions at the relevant resolution while preserving intelligibility and traceability, so that they can be used by practitioners to aid decision-making. Through several case studies in this domain of precision healthcare, we argue that this vision requires the development of new mathematical frameworks, both in modeling and in data analysis and interpretation.
Science and Religion in the Spanish American Enlightenment

In Spain and Spanish America, the Enlightenment was not an anti-religious movement. Actually, the interest in the dissemination of scientific knowledge characteristic of that cultural movement which originated in Europe in the 18th century was embraced by priests and monks in Spain and Spanish America. The many examples of Catholic clergy involved in scientific endeavors in Spanish America between 1700 and 1808 mentioned in this article suggest that the Catholic Church did not oppose the scientific knowledge promoted by the Enlightenment where its advocates did not ridicule her teachings and did not attack her as an institution.
Human Capital Management: An Emerging Human Resource Management Practice

The principal purport of this study is to explore and look for variety of aspects and the significance of human capital in today’s hyper-competitive environment besides delve in to details for gaining more insights regarding the subject in focus i.e. human capital. The paper is an exploratory study, which by and large relies heavily on the analysis of available literature and model testing. Organizations have been persistently adverting fair amount of emphasis on human capital by taking necessary measures to develop a culture of knowledge sharing, retain highly competent employees to generate more innovative ideas with a view to achieve the competitive advantage for having an edge over contemporary organizations. Having set forth afore-said goals; top management of dynamic organizations more often than not encourage their employees to actively participate in the knowledge sharing practices. The inference is that human capital by all means is positively related to the organizational productivity since implementation of the creative ideas and innovations do improve the organizational outcomes. As a result of intellectual capital employees tend to become loyal and passionate about their work and devote their talents to the best of their potential to achieve the all important competitive advantage.  Human Capital, Organizational Performance, Competent Employees, Intellectual Capital, Social Capital, Competitive Advantage.
(Re)imagining Ramadan: The Significance of Festival Discourse in Pérez de Hita's Guerras civiles de Granada

Over the centuries, the Guerras civiles de Granada has experienced controversy in categorizing the work within a particular critical framework. Critics such as María Soledad de Carrasco-Urgoiti remarked, “it is a playful handling of facts and fiction” (120). Menendez y Pelayo claimed the first part of the the Guerras civiles to be a “novela histórica” (2, 134), and Diane Sieber noted that within the context of prescribed historiographical tradition the work was considered historically authoritative (291). Perhaps Rhona Zaid provides the most appropriate commentary by succinctly condensing over four centuries of criticism regarding the unique nature of this work by illustrating that, “literary authorities claim it is too historical, while historians allege it is too literary” (315). Indeed, Pérez de Hita’s work is a colorful merger of literary design, historical precedence, poetic sensibility, imagination, and an artful display of storytelling.
Gravitational renormalization of quantum field theory: a

We propose to include gravity in quantum field theory nonperturbatively, by modifying the propagators so that each virtual particle in a Feynman graph move in the space–time determined by the four-momenta of the other particles in the same graph. By making additional working assumptions, we are able to put this idea at work in a simplified context, and obtain a modified Feynman propagator for the massless neutral scalar field. Our expression shows a suppression at high momentum, strong enough to entail finite results, to all loop orders, for processes involving at least two virtual particles.
Code and data files for "Owning Capital or being Shareholders: an equivalence result with Incomplete Markets"

Many recent papers in macroeconomics have studied the implications of models with household heterogeneity and incomplete financial markets under the assumption that households own the stock of physical capital and undertake the intertemporal investment decisions. In these models, production exhibits constant returns to scale, households maximize expected discounted utility, and firms rent capital and labor from households to maximize period by period profits. This paper considers the case in which infinitely lived firms, rather than households, make the intertemporal investment decisions. Under this assumption, it shows that there exists an objective function for firms that results in the same equilibrium allocation as in the standard setting with one period lived firms. The objective requires that firms maximize their asset value, which is defined as the discounted value of future cash flows using present value processes that do not allow for arbitrage opportunities.
RUSSIAN HISTORICAL-GEOGRAPHIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC SOURCES ABOUT CENTRAL ASIA (first half of XIX century)

Relations between Russia and Central Asia have evolved since ancient times. From the X th century began to form trade route through the Ustyurt plateau, where along this road built forts and caravanserais to establish mutually beneficial trade relations between the two regions. The article is devoted to the problems of Russian historical-geographic and cartographic sources about Central Asia on the first half of XIX century. On the base of some historical-geographic and cartographic source are analyzed the main directions on this period. Also are shown the scientific works on this theme, reasons of the beginning the new scientific research in this region.
Asexual reproduction: Genetics and evolutionary aspects

Reproduction is essential to all organisms if they are to contribute to the next generation. There are various means and ways of achieving this goal. This review focuses on the role of asexual reproduction for eukaryotic organisms and how its integration in a life cycle can influence their population genetics and evolution. An important question for evolutionary biologists as to why some organisms reproduce sexually, as opposed to asexually, is addressed. We also discuss the economic and medical importance of asexual organisms.
Petrology and depositional evolution of the Paleozoic rocks of Iraq

The study integrates petrographical and lithological data from deep exploration wells and outcrops in northern Iraq to better understand the sedimentary environments present in the basin and to evaluate the depositional evolution of the Paleozoic rocks in Iraq. The studied Paleozoic successions are represented by five sedimentary cycles of intracratonic sequences. These are dominated mainly by siliciclastic and mixed sedimentary packages, and are separated by major and minor unconformity surfaces. These cycles are as follow: the Ordovician cycle, represented by the Khabour Formation; the Silurian cycle, represented by the Akkas Formation; the Middle-Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous cycle, represented by the Chalki, Pirispiki, Kaista, Ora and Harur formations; the Permian–Carboniferous cycle, represented by the Ga’ara Formation and late Permian cycle, represented by the Chia Zairi Formation. Generally, the cycles are characterized by siliciclastic and mixed carbonate–clastic facies with abrupt changes during Late Paleozoic reflecting the environmental and tectonic events during this period. The Ordovician Khabour Formation is suggested to be of shallow marine environment of deposition with stacked transgressive and regressive cycles that are eustatically controlled. The shale of Silurian Akkas Formation was deposited in open-marine environment. Depositional regimes in the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous are considered as a continuation of deposition in the subsiding basin with a wide geographic distribution that reflect the epicontinental or epeiric seas in a homoclinic ramp setting. The Permo-Carboniferous Ga’ara Formation was deposited in continental to paralic environment while the Late Permian Chia Zairi Formation represents the carbonate platform deposition. The study revealed that potential source rocks may include some shale beds of the Khabour Formation, hot shales of Akkas Formation and the shales of Ora Formation. The sandstones of the Khabour, Akkas and Kaista formations have good reservoir potential. The Late Permian carbonates of Chia Zairi Formation may be self-sourcing and contain multiple reservoirs. The occurrence of shale as source rocks and limestone as reservoir rocks and some evaporates as sealing horizons make the formation as a reservoir in its own right.
Step by Step to Histories

The behavior of reactive systems is typically specified by state machines. This results in an operational description of how a system produces its output. An alternative and more abstract approach is to just specify the relation between the input and output histories of a system. In this work, we propose a way to combine state-based and history-based specifications: Abstract communication history properties of system components can be derived from temporal logic properties of state machines. The history properties can then be used to deduce global properties of a complete system.
Evolution of cosmological perturbations in a brane-universe.

In our present Letter, we analyze the impact of the existence of extra dimensions on cosmology, in particular, on the evolution of cosmological perturbations. For a five-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime where ordinary matter is confined to a brane-universe, the equations governing the cosmological perturbations are presented in a form very close to the equations of standard cosmology. Two types of corrections appear: corrections due to the unconventional evolution of the homogeneous solution, which change the background-dependent coefficients of the equations, and corrections due to the curvature along the fifth dimension, which act as source terms in the evolution equations.