nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Aftereffect and Scandal: Martin Heidegger in France

Jean-Paul Sartre wrote in 1960 that the case of Martin Heidegger was too complex for him to explain at the time. What Sartre did not--could not? would not?-address some thirty years ago returns today as aftereffect and scandal. Until recently, the reception of Heidegger's writings in France bordered on the reverential. As a cultural figure, he came to personify the philosopher-poet whose conception of language and practice of writing inspired a generation of artists and writers including Georges Braque, Maurice Blanchot, and Rene Char. This portrayal is meaningful when it is set against an alternative view of Heidegger more prevalent among British and American philosophers as "the best comic example of the philosophical quack."' Reference at the level of national practice often borders on caricature. But it also asserts that philosophy is not merely a tradition of texts and issues made up of "great books" and/or "great ideas." Philosophy is undeniably this, but it is also a set of practices, discourses, and institutions that regulate how ideas and books circulate in the public sphere. The pages that follow study the specifically French setting of debate over Heidegger. Despite my misgivings over the validity of reference at the level of national practice, my inquiry derives from a strong sense that the fate of a German philosopher in France points with particular urgency to questions related to philosophy as discourse and institution. National practice is thus a point of departure and a self-imposed constraint. To my knowledge, the first of Martin Heidegger's writings published in France was a 1931 translation of "" that appeared in Bifur alongside "La Legende de la verit'" ("The Legend of Truth"), an early fiction--a philosopher's tale-by the young Jean-Paul Sartre! After World War II, the divergence between Sartre's 1946 Existentialism is a Humanism and Heidegger's 1947 "Letter on Humanism" revised a tutelage Sartre had
Effect of the Addition of A12O3 AND Ag2O on the Morphology and Superconductivity of YBa(2)Cu(3)3O(6+x) Ceramic Materials

In order to produce YBa2CU306+x ceramic material with fine particle size and good superconducting properties, both A1203 and Ag20 were added to YBa2CU306+X during sintering. The results suggest that the addition of both A1203 and Ag20 does not decrease the average particle size of YBa2CU306+x; however, the superconducting properties degrade with an increase in the A1203 concentration. In composites containing high additive concentration, fine structure resembling that of fine pits are discernible on YBa2CU306+X particles.
Uncertainty, Expectations and Behavioural Aspects of Housing Market Choices

Housing is a complex commodity and housing market choices carry with them substantial economic and social consequences for the households making them. Housing market decisions are complex, uncertain and involve expectations-formation. This paper argues that the standard economic theory of decision-making under uncertainty – expected utility theory – is particularly ill-suited as the basis for understanding such complexity. The paper then explores alternative avenues for potential development, reviewing the key characteristics of owner-occupied housing markets and housing search, and examining how the resources of institutional and behavioural economics could be used to inform our understanding of the residential mobility process. The paper concludes by outlining an agenda for empirical research.
The relationship between nature and spirit in Husserl’s phenomenology revisited

The problem of the destruction of nature and the natural environment is one of the most serious problems that confronts humanity at the end of the twentieth century. This destruction has its basis in the dualistic way of thinking that has dominated the Modern age: Humanity has been accustomed to think of the world dualistically as a confrontation between subject and object, soul and body, and spirit and nature. Both Modern natural sciences and scientific technology in general are grounded in such a dualistic way of thinking But this way of thinking itself, in other words, the Modern dualistic paradigm, is now one of the most serious problems of present-day philosophy. It has become clear that a new relation between humanity and nature must be established. In this paper, I will re-examine the relationship between “nature” and “spirit” in the context of Husserl’s phenomenology in which, in my opinion, a new concept of nature can be found. In the course of this investigation, I shall try to elucidate the present-day situation of human spirit in a phenomenological way.
Psoriatic arthritis in Canadian clinical practice: the PsA assessment in rheumatology.

We aimed to determine disease severity and treatment of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in rheumatology practices in Canada through the PsA Assessment in Rheumatology (PAIR) study.



Rheumatologists who were members of the Canadian Rheumatology Association were asked to complete a form for each patient addressing demographic questions, history, clinical examination, and patient-reported outcomes. Results were compared with a cohort seen in a PsA clinic during the same period.



From across Canada, 22 rheumatologists from 5 provinces submitted information about 233 consecutive patients with PsA [145 men (62.2%), 88 women (37.8%), mean age 53.2 yrs (±12.7), 88.4% disease duration>2 yrs]. A majority (80.7%) fulfilled ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria, and 30% had taken no disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Clinical joint damage was documented in 60% of the patients, active skin disease in 70%, and nail lesions in 32%. Only 22% were rated as having moderate to high disease activity, while 52% were rated as low disease activity and 26% were deemed in remission. The decision was based on joint counts, patient global assessment, physician global assessment, and acute-phase reactants. Twenty-seven percent of the patients were to have their medications changed based on the current visit, the majority for inadequate response to medications. Patients in the PAIR cohort had more inflamed joints but similar damage to those in the PsA clinic.



Patients with PsA seen in regular rheumatology practice fulfill CASPAR criteria, have active disease, and more than half have joint damage. The majority have low activity or are in remission.
Interactions between uronic acids and chromium(III).

Laboratory ion-exchange experiments were performed to investigate the complexation behavior of Cr(III) with uronic acids, such as galacturonic, glucuronic, and alginic acid (main constituents of bacterial exopolymeric substances). The experimental data were analyzed with a chemical equilibrium model in FITEQL to determine the reaction stoichiometries and stability constants for the formation of Cr-ligand complexes. Analysis of ion-exchange data with a chemical model indicates that the accurate description of Cr(III) complexation with both glucuronic and galacturonic acids requires postulation of a mixture of 1:1/1:2 complexes between Cr(III) and ligands under the experimental conditions studied (e.g., pH 4), but that the Cr-alginic acid binding can be modeled based on a reaction stoichiometry of 1:1 Cr-alginic acid complexes. Because of the complex nature of alginic acid, a nonelectrostatic, discrete ligand approach was used to determine proton and Cr binding with the functional groups of alginic acid. In this approach, alginic acid was conceptualized as being composed of a suite of two monoprotic acids (HL1 and HL2) with arbitrarily assigned pKa values of two and four, respectively. The results indicate that Cr binding with uronic acids mainly occurs through carboxylic groups under acidic to slightly alkaline pH conditions (e.g., pH < 8). The overall results of the present study indicate that the formation of such Cr-ligand complexes may have a pronounced effect on Cr(III) transport, solubility and bioavailability in natural systems.
Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

1. Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving 2. Atoms and Elements 3. Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations 4. Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions 5. Gases 6. Thermochemistry 7. The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom 8. Periodic Properties of the Elements 9. Chemical Bonding I: Lewis Theory 10.  Chemical Kinetics 14. Chemical Equilibrium 15. Acids and Bases 16. Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium 17. Free Energy and Thermodynamics 18. Electrochemistry 19. Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry 20.
Effect of Patient Education on Reducing Medication in Spinal Cord Injury Patients With Neuropathic Pain

To determine whether providing education about the disease pathophysiology and drug mechanisms and side effects, would be effective for reducing the use of pain medication while appropriately managing neurogenic pain in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.



In this prospective study, 109 patients with an SCI and neuropathic pain, participated in an educational pain management program. This comprehensive program was specifically created, for patients with an SCI and neuropathic pain. It consisted of 6 sessions, including educational training, over a 6-week period.



Of 109 patients, 79 (72.5%) initially took more than two types of pain medication, and this decreased to 36 (33.0%) after the educational pain management program was completed. The mean pain scale score and the number of pain medications decreased, compared to the baseline values. Compared to the non-response group, the response group had a shorter duration of pain onset (p=0.004), and a higher initial number of different medications (p<0.001) and certain types of medications.



This study results imply that an educational pain management program, can be a valuable complement to the treatment of spinal cord injured patients with neuropathic pain. Early intervention is important, to prevent patients from developing chronic SCI-related pain.
Mechanical evaluation of SiC particle reinforced oxynitride glass and glass-ceramic composites

In silicon oxynitride glasses, the nitrogen occupies anion sites and is bonded to three silicons. Hence, replacement of divalent oxygen ions by trivalent nitrogen ones results in a considerable improvement of the mechanical resistance. In this exploratory work, the authors investigate some basic mechanical properties at room temperature of composite materials prepared by adding some SiC particles to a highly refractory Y-Mg-Si-Al-O-N oxynitride glass. Taking advantage of both constituents, the brittle particulate composites exhibit much better fracture strength and toughness and higher elastic moduli than the glassy matrix. Due to the easy crystallization of the selected glass, a further improvement is attainable through a crystallization treatment of the matrix. Fracture toughness and Young's modulus as high as 5.4 MPa.m[sup 0.5] and 215 GPa respectively have been measured on the glass-ceramic composite containing 50 vol.% SiC.
A legal services perspectives on representing Medicare home health patients.

The Medicare home health program lacks the basic legal protection for patients and providers that are commonplace in other public programs. These shortcomings include: 1. inadequate appeals procedures for both patients and providers; 2. overly restrictive eligibility criteria; 3. a lack of adequate public input into agency rule making and inadequate public information on specific coverage standards; 4. a reimbursement system that interferes with provider medical judgments. This is not the way the Medicare program was intended to run and the last few years have seen an increase in litigation to correct these problems. Such litigation is time-consuming and frustrating but experience shows that it is worth the trouble. As stated by a home health agency director whose patients were on the winning site of three recent lawsuits, "It takes tremendous effort, but you can beat the system."
Degree Matters: The Impact of a Leader’s Foreign Education on His Country’s Economic Development

Acknowledgement This thesis would not have been possible without the help from Professor Lincoln. His advice in refining my direction of study and the content of my work was invaluable. In addition, I would also like to acknowledge all the professors I have had during my time at CMC, for teaching me all the knowledge about economics and econometrics. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for their continuous love and support in everything I do and I want to thank my great friends, who made my past four years at CMC unforgettable. 5 1.  I analyze the correlation between a nation leader's foreign education experience and their nation's GDP growth and economic freedom in African, Asian, and South American countries. There is a statistically significant correlation between a leader's foreign education and the country's GDP growth rate, especially in Africa. Data also shows that a leader's foreign education is positively correlated with his country's economic freedom. Despite the fact that the regressions can only demonstrate correlation as opposed to causation relationships among variables, further analysis of the results concludes that a leader's education and the country's development are reciprocal. The findings of this paper shine light on future policy directions for developing countries. 6 2.  After World War II, the number of international students in developed countries studying at all levels grew rapidly as developing countries sought to educate their populations. By the end of the 20 th century, there were an estimated 1.5 million students studying internationally at the higher education level (Mazzarol, Soutar, & Seng, 2003). Many of these students returned to their home countries where they became important figures. The United States State Department estimates that nearly 300 world leaders, current and former, were educated at U.S. institutions (Wolfgang, 2012). However, it remains unanswered if a foreign degree has an impact on the ruling style of each leader and if so, to what extent. In late 2001, after the death of Kim Jong Il, Time Magazine published an article, predicting that Kim Jong Un, who was educated in Switzerland, would initiate reforms once he came to power. The article argued, " There may be reason for cautious hope… and the cause of hope begins with the fact that as a young man Kim lived in Bern, Switzerland, attending school there under an assumed name from 1998 to 2000 (Powell, 2011). " However, other …
A presentation of Quantum Logic based on an "and then" connective

When a physicist performs a quantic measurement, new information about the system at hand is gathered. This article studies the logical properties of how this new information is combined with previous information. It presents Quantum Logic as a propositional logic under two connectives: negation and the and then operation that combines old and new information. The and then connective is neither commutative nor associative. Many properties of this logic are exhibited, and some small elegant subset is shown to imply all the properties considered. No independence or completeness result is claimed. Classical physical systems are exactly characterized by the commutativity, the associativity, or the monotonicity of the and then connective. Entailment is defined in this logic and can be proved to be a partial order. In orthomodular lattices, the operation proposed by Finch in  satisfies all the properties studied in this article. All properties satisfied by Finch's; operation in modular lattices are valid in Quantum Logic. It is not known whether all properties of Quantum Logic are satisfied by Finch's; operation in modular lattices. Non-commutative, non-associative algebraic structures generalizing Boolean algebras are defined, ideals are characterized and a homomorphism theorem is proved.
The Craft of Criminology: Selected Papers

Travis Hirschi is one of the most cited criminologists of the twentieth century yet it is remarkable how little is known about his life and career. Known as spokesperson for social control theory, Hirschi is a controversial figure in that he challenges popular theories in criminal career research as well as the need for longitudinal studies of offenders and criminal justice policies. For Hirschi ideas were always tied to the mode of investigation and the mode of investigation was always tied to substantive concerns. Thus, substantive theoretical contribution and research methodology were the "twin" driving forces throughout his career.
Manufacturing upgrading and development of modern service industry

Currently, most manufacturing products in Zhejiang are in urgent need of upgrade with excess resource consumption and low production efficiency, facing land, energy and environmental constraints, and the environmental pollution is serious but with low added value. While the modern producer services can lower transaction costs of manufacturing and help to promote industrial concentration and economic growth; to improve production efficiency, effectiveness and operational efficiency of manufacturing; and play an important role in upgrading and competitiveness promotion of the manufacturing industry. This paper argue that the performance of the whole interaction of the modern service industry and manufacturing industry in Zhejiang Province is in the early stages of interactive development, and we should make efforts to promote competition and break the monopoly of services administration by opening up of modern service industry, building interactive information platform for manufacturing and modern services to facilitate the upgrading of manufacturing and development of modern service industrial clusters.
The impact of medication regimen factors on adherence to chronic treatment: a review of literature

This article reviews recent literature in chronic illness or long-term health management including asthma, contraception, diabetes, HIV disease, and hypertension/cardiovascular disease, mental disorders, pain, and other diseases to determine the relationship between regimen factors and adherence to medications. The authors conducted an electronic literature search to detect articles published between 1998 and 2007. Articles were included if they pertained to a chronic illness or to contraception, included a clear definition of how adherence was measured, and included regimen factors as primary or secondary explanatory variables. Methodology of the studies varied greatly, as did methods of measuring adherence and regimen factors. Surprisingly few of these articles concerned (1) chronic treatment, (2) regimen factors such as dosing, pill burden, and regimen complexity, and (3) adherence measured in a clear manner. Most studies failed to use state-of-the-art methods of measuring adherence. Despite these flaws, a suggestive pattern of the importance of regimen factors, specifically dose frequency and regimen complexity, emerged from this review.
Word from the editors

Graph structures naturally model connections. In natural language processing (NLP) connections are ubiquitous, on anything between small and web scale. We find them between words – as grammatical, collocation or semantic relations – contributing to the overall meaning, and maintaining the cohesive structure of the text and the discourse unity. We find them between concepts in ontologies or other knowledge repositories – since the early ages of artificial intelligence, associative or semantic networks have been proposed and used as knowledge stores, because they naturally capture the language units and relations between them, and allow for a variety of inference and reasoning processes, simulating some of the functionalities of the human mind. We find them between complete texts or web pages, and between entities in a social network, where they model relations at the web scale. Beyond the more often encountered ‘regular’ graphs, hypergraphs have also appeared in our field to model relations between more than two units.
Gravitational Wave Sources May Be "Further" Than We Think

It has been argued that the energy content in time varying spacetimes can be obtained by using the approximate Lie symmetries of the geodesics equations in that spacetime. When applied to cylindrical gravitational waves, it gives a self-damping of the waves. According to this proposal the energy of the waves go to zero asymptotically as the radial distance to the two-thirds power. If true, this would mean that the estimates for the sensitivity of the detectors for the various sources would have to be revised
Formation and transformation of metastable phases during electrodeposition and annealing of cobalt–iron alloy films

During the electrodeposition of Co–Fe alloy films from a CoSO4·7H2O-FeSO4·7H2O bath, the formation of metastable phases, such as a complex cubic Co–Fe phase isostructural to α-Mn and the HCP ε-Co/Fe and Ω-Co/Fe phases, appears to be related to the incorporation of metal hydroxide/oxide precipitates into the plated alloy films. In the absence of the incorporated precipitates, the plated films are the equilibrium α-Fe solid solution BCC phase. Thus, the addition of stabilizing reagents (such as ammonium citrate), and/or a lowering of solution pH, prevents the formation of the precipitates and promotes the formation of the BCC phase. On the other hand, increasing temperature causes the formation of metastable phases, possibly through the weakening of the stabilizing effect of the ammonium citrate, or the promotion of the formation of metal hydroxides/oxides precipitates. The BCC phase has higher saturation magnetic flux densities and lower coercivities than the metastable phases. Annealing of the films transforms the metastable phases, if present, into the BCC phase, leading to a decrease in the coercivity. An increase in the magnetic flux density after annealing is, however, not observed, possibly due to the cracking or delamination of the films as a result of annealing. Cracking and delamination make the determination of the film volume, which is required for magnetic flux density calculation, questionable.
Speaking to the Exiles: How the Theme of Exile in Jeremiah Addresses 21st Century Congregations

The book of Jeremiah is the starting point for historical and theological investigation of the Babylonian exile. In recent years, scholars from several theological disciplines have identified the exilic period as a useful analogy for understanding the church's relationship to Western culture in a postmodern age. This article traces the theme of exile from the poetic utterances of the prophet to the formation of the book in its final form and demonstrates how the exile provided a framework for interpreting the contents of the Jeremiah tradition. The article then suggests ways in which Jeremiah can provide pastoral and theological resources for contemporary congregations that interpret their present circumstance through the metaphor of exile.