nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The History of Political Thought in National Context

1. The history of political thought and the national discourses of politics Dario Castiglione and Iain Hampsher-Monk 2. The voice of the 'Greeks' in the Conversation of Mankind Janet Coleman 3. History of political theory in the Federal Republic of Germany: strange death and slow recovery Wolfgang Mommsen 4. A German version of the 'Linguistic Turn': Reinhart Koselleck and the history of political and social concepts (Begriffsgeschichte) Melvin Richter 5. One hundred years of history of political thought in Italy Angelo D'Orsi 6.  American histories of political thought Terry Ball 7. The Professoriate of Political Thought in England since 1914: a tale of three chairs Robert Wokler 8. The history of political thought and the political history of thought Iain Hampsher-Monk 9. The rise of, challenge to, and prospects of a Collingwoodian approach to the history of political thought Quentin Skinner 10. Towards a philosophical history of the political Pierre Rosanvallon 11. 'Le Retour des Emigres'?: The study of the history of political ideas in contemporary France Jeremy Jennings 12. National political cultures and regime changes in Eastern and Central Europe Victor Neumann 13. The limits of the national paradigm in the study of political thought: the case of Karl Popper and Central European Cosmopolitanism Malachi Hacohen 14.  Disciplines, canons, and publics: the history of the 'History of Political Thought' in comparative perspective Stefan Collini.
An Approach to Automatic Project Planning

Project planning in the form of heuristic resource scheduling might be considered to be an application of Artificial Intelligence in the sense that if simple rules are applied to the project model a reasonable plan of work usually results. The technique has been available for many years and is reviewed periodically (1,2). Particular attention has been paid to comparing the heuristics and giving advice on which to use and in what circumstances the rules employed give a good plan.
High-Level Calculations on Nitrosooxyalanes: Possible New High-Energy Materials?

As part of our survey of new potential high-energy materials, we have calculated the structures, vibrational frequencies and spectra, and various enthalpies of reaction for nitrosooxy-, dinitrosooxy-, and trinitrosooxyalane. Although the initial intent was to determine the properties of nitroalanes, in all cases the bonding to the central aluminum atom was through an oxygen atom of the NO2 group. All molecules optimized to a near planar structure. Calculations of their reaction energies showed that the higher the nitrosooxy content, the more negative the enthalpies of formation, with enthalpies of combustion or decomposition falling precipitously.
The Importance of Historical Accuracy in Philosophy of Science: The Case of Curd's Conception of Copernican Rationality

General discussions of the appropriate relations between history and philosophy of science must be complemented by examinations of particular studies involving both fields. Martin Curd's attempt to illuminate the rationality of theory change through analysis of the Copernican Revolution is such a study; his work is undercut by serious flaws and actually displays an ahistorical approach. The result misleads both about the Copernican Revolution and the general problem of theory change in science. The study does illustrate several types of failing that can vitiate efforts to bring historical considerations into philosophical discussion, namely, pitfalls in the characterization of theories, arguments, range of choices, and criteria.
What Happened to the Ancient Libyans? Chasing Sources across the Sahara from Herodotus to Ibn Khaldun

Determining group identity in the ancient world, especially when peoples were lumped under the constructs of tribe and ethnicity, was based on point of view, and labeling was a haphazard process. A case in point is the fate of those North African ancient writers called Libyans. Did their descendants become the people Arab writers referred to as Sanhaja and Zanata? Despite a significant degree of cultural discontinuity, the answer seems to be yes. A principal issue is the reliability of sources, which are markedly better for the era of Arab domination than for the ancient period.
John Dewey: A Commentary

One can be particularly interested in several different strands of John Dewey's philosophy and yet always be close to his architectonic theme of "experimental intelligence," in which variety and unity are so closely connected.1 In this essay we shall be interested in his views of social reconstruction, defending him against some criticisms while, at the same time, adding our own and reinforcing C. Wright Mills' criticism of Dewey written in the middle 1950s.2 We shall, so to speak, bring Mills' argument up to date by reformulating it in subsequent economic eras; we shall claim that while elites do place insurmountable obstacles in the reconstruction of society, there are areas nevertheless where reconstruction has a chance to succeed.
An Analysis of the Historical Value of Records of Xinjiang Governing

Records of Xinjiang Governing is the last official record book about Xinjiang area of Qing Dynasty. This work comprehensively concludes and absorbs the research results of the former northwest borderland historical geology. With its significant position in the history of China's historiography, it is considered as the summing-up achievement and terminating sign of northwest borderland historical geology of Qing Dynasty. The compiling style of this book is careful and precise. Its content is abundant, with the introduction of politics, economy and physical geography situation in the area of Xinjiang of Qing Dynasty in an all-round way. Meanwhile it has the progressive thought inclination in such aspects as national consciousness, borderland consciousness and national view. Records of Xinjiang Governing has important academic value and thought value and should draw the attention of the academia.
Haskell before Haskell: an alternative lesson in practical logics of the ENIAC

This article expands on Curry's work on how to implement the problem of inverse interpolation on the ENIAC (1946) and his subsequent work on developing a theory of program composition (1948-1950). It is shown that Curry's hands-on experience with the ENIAC on the one side and his acquaintance with systems of formal logic on the other, were conductive to conceive a compact " notation for program construction " which in turn would be instrumental to a mechanical synthesis of programs. Since Curry's systematic programming technique pronounces a critique of the Goldstine-von Neumann style of coding, his " calculus of program composition " not only anticipates automatic programming but also proposes explicit hardware optimisations largely unperceived by computer history until Backus' famous ACM Turing Award lecture (1977). The cohesion of these findings asks for an integrative historiographical approach. An appendix gives, for the first time, a full description of Curry's arithmetic compiler.
“Historisch adelsonderzoek over de late middeleeuwen en de vroegmoderne periode in België en Nederland: een momentopname”

Historical Research into the Nobility during the Late Mediaeval and Early Modern Period in Belgium and the Netherlands: A Snapshot This introduction to a special issue on the history of the nobility in the Netherlands and Belgium gives a ‘snap-shot’ of the subject in two different ways. On the one hand, the collected essays demonstrate the state-of-the-art in the research carried out in 2008 on the nobility, on the other, they focus on the mediaeval and early modern periods. The major themes and problems of this historiographical tradition are evoked, emerging from the study outlined in another special issue of a historical journal, the Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis of 1980, which looked at perspectives for future research. This introduction mainly examines the methods used by historians to confront inevitable questions such as: ‘What exactly is the nobility?’ and ‘How can this historical phenomenon be situated within processes and historical movements such as economic structures and conjunctures, social mobility and political centralization and decentralization?’
Graviton Production by a Thermal Bath

Thermal fluctuations in the early universe plasma and in very hot astrophysical objects are an unavoidable source of gravitational waves (GW). Differently from previous studies on the subject, we approach this problem using methods based on field theory at finite temperature. Such an approach allows to probe the infrared region of the spectrum where dissipative effects are dominant. Incidentally, this region is the most interesting from the point of view of the detectability perspectives. We find significant deviations from a Planck spectrum.
Conformational changes of enzymes adsorbed at liquid-solid interface: relevance to enzymatic activity.

FTIR with attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy was used to study in situ adsorption of enzymes at water-solid interfaces to better understand how conformational changes may monitor enzymatic activity. Because the adsorption process depends on hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, conformational changes were studied as a function of the nature of the adsorbing substrates, which are hydrophobic or hydrophilic in character. The adsorption kinetics of two examples of serine enzymes, alpha-chymotrypsin (alpha-chym) and Humicola lanuginosa lipase (HLL), were studied. The secondary structure and solvation of the adsorbed enzymes were both compared to the dissolved enzymes. The positively charged alpha-chym was adsorbed on a negatively charged hydrophilic support with minor structural changes, but the negatively charged lipase had no affinity for a similar support. Both enzymes were strongly retained on the hydrophobic support. The secondary and tertiary structures of the alpha-chym adsorbed on the hydrophobic support were strongly altered, which correlates to the inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis. The specific solvation obtained for the adsorbed HLL is consistent with the existence of the open conformer in relation to the enhanced enzymatic activity at the water-hydrophobic interface.
Coordinative binding of divalent cations with ligands related to bacterial spores. Equilibrium studies.

It has been repeatedly postulated that the high heat resistance of bacterial spores is due to stabilization of biopolymers in the spore interior by a solid deposit of protective cement consisting of coordination complexes of ligands with divalent metal ions. This report presents data on metal-binding characteristics of some of the ligands related to spores as determined by means of potentiometric equilibrium measurements under conditions of temperature and ionic strength (t = 25.0 degrees C; mu = 1.0 KNO(3)) identical with those reported earlier by the authors in order to facilitate correlation by using comparable data. The spore ligands investigated in this study included 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA), alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic acid, D-glutamic acid, and D-alanine in a ratio of 1:1 with metal ions which are known to play a role in heat resistance of spores. Stability constants of the chelates of these spore ligands with metal ions such as Ca(II), Mg(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) have been determined. In general the metal chelates of DPA exhibited the greatest stability. On the basis of a consideration of the stability data together with the known configurations of the ligand and the coordination requirements of the metal ions, possible structures indicating the coordinate binding of the spore ligands with the metal ions are presented. All the metal chelates except those of Ca(II) were found to undergo hydrolysis and separation of solid phase in the pH range 7-8.5. The relatively greater hydrolytic stability of Ca(II) chelates and the high affinity of DPA for metal ions appear to be of biological significance insofar as these two spore components are more widely associated with the heat resistance of bacterial spores.
A Framework for the Economic Transformation of Czechoslovakia

The goal of this paper is to contribute to the discussion about the optimal way to transform the Czechoslovak economy from a centrally planned to a decentralized market system. Since no formal theory of such a trnsition exists, the approach adopted in this paper is to combine stylized facts about the Czechoslovak economy with theoretical concepts and empirical insights from other economies that have undergone various forms of economic stabilization, adjustment and reform. Since the consistency of any package of reform measures is crucial for the success of a trnsition, the ideas in this paper are presented as a complete framework. However, the paper should not be interpreted as a concrete proposal, but rather should be viewed as an illustration of how one might go about constructing a consistent blueprint for transfoming the economy. The assumption of the paper is that the goal of the economic transformation is to move the economy from a relatively inefficient, centrally planned system, marked by a lack of incentives and a distorted structure of prices and quantity allocations, to a more efficient, market-oriented system based on competitive forces. In other words, the assumed goal is to move the economy to a higher welfare equilibrium with as little transitional cost as possible. While the Czechoslovak economic situation is lanentable in comparison to that of Western economies, it is still attractive relative to the circumnstances of most refonning socialist economies. In particular, as Zieleniec et al. (1989) document, compared to Western economies Czechoslovalia has experienced a major deterioration in relative living standards as measured by GDP per capita, productivity, personal consumption, ecological indicators, qlity of infiasftucuz, health standards, access to and quality of education, and other criteria. Yet, compared to most of the reforming socialist (and many mniddle income developing) economies, Czechoslovakia still has a fairly solid technical strucure of the economy, significant human capital that could be
Impact of Co-Operative Societies Front Office Banking Services (FOSA), on the Co-Operative Societies A Case of Mwalimu SACCO - Nairobi

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relatively new concept of 
provision of banking services by co-operative societies. The operation of this services and their impact on the co-operative societies, its members and the financial sector at large had not been documented.This is an exploratory research seeking to explore and bring to better understanding this product in the financial sector. Being a Certified Public Secretary of Kenya, the starting point was: - 
1. To establish the legislation under which this services are registered if 
any so as to establish their scope and limitations. 
2. The relationship between the co-operative societies offering this 
services and the Co-operative Bank of Kenya limited was 
established. 
3. The research also seeked to establish the eligibility of customers, 
and looked into the growth of deposits and membership in the period they have been in existence. 
4. Lastly the research established the growth potential within the niche 
market and determined their long-term viability using existing 
financial and mathematical ratios. 
The data collected was mainly secondary data from the organizations 
records. It was organized and analyzed inline with the study's objectives.
Attentional and Executive Functions in Neglected Children

This study examined attentional and executive functions of 30 neglected children ages 8 to 12, who were compared with a control group of 30 children. Neuropsychological tests measured aspects of simple and complex attention. The results have shown that neglected children were not different from control children with simple tests of attention. However, neglected children were shown difficulties in executive functions, in particular in tasks requiring mental flexibility. Thus, results supported the presence of difficulties regarding executive functions in neglected children, and supported that this form of maltreatment had consequences on high-level mental functions.
Public Versus Private Provision of Governance: The Case of Proxy Access

We use a unique setting to study the efficiencies and frictions in pursuing governance changes through private market channels. Recent regulatory changes made it possible to pursue proxy access at individual firms through shareholder proposals. We document a large wave of such proposals, and identify a 0.5 percent increase in shareholder value for targeted firms. However, we find that proponents do not selectively target the firms that the market expected to benefit most from a rule that would have mandated proxy access universally, and that management is more likely to challenge proposals at firms that stand to benefit more.
Interfaces between polymers, metals, and ceramics

This volume is a collection of papers presented at the symposium on interfaces between polymers, metals, and ceramics. The symposium focused on recent advances in the microscopic understanding of properties of material interfaces involving polymers, metals, and ceramics. The symposium topics covered a wide range of interfacial phenomena. These included properties of nanophase materials; mechanical properties of interfaces emphasizing adhesion and friction; novel interfacial characterization techniques; preparation, reliability, and degradation of interfaces; metal/polymer and polymer/polymer interfaces; and properties of ceramic interfaces.
Warfarin prescribing in atrial fibrillation: the impact of physician, patient, and hospital characteristics.

The study investigated the determinants of warfarin use in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).



We assembled a retrospective cohort of community-dwelling elderly patients (aged > or = 66 years) with AF using linked administrative databases. We identified the physicians responsible for the ambulatory care of these patients using physician service claims and compared patients who did and did not have an identifiable provider. For those patients with an identifiable provider, we assessed the association between patient, physician, and hospital factors and warfarin use.



Our cohort consisted of 140,185 patients, of whom 116,200 (83%) had an identifiable cardiac provider. Patients without a provider were significantly more likely to have comorbid conditions that increase their risk of warfarin-associated bleeding. After adjustment for clinical factors, patients without a provider were significantly less likely to receive warfarin (odds ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval: 0.36-0.38). Of patients with providers, 50,551 patients (43.5%) received warfarin within 180 days after hospital discharge. Warfarin use was positively associated with AF-associated stroke risk factors (eg, prior stroke, congestive heart failure) and negatively associated with warfarin-associated bleeding risk factors (eg, history of intracerebral hemorrhage). After controlling for patient and hospital factors, patients cared for by noncardiologist physicians with cardiology consultation were more likely to receive warfarin then patients treated in noncollaborative environments.



Warfarin continues to be substantially underprescribed to patients who are at high risk for AF-associated cardioembolic stroke. Our findings highlight the need for targeted quality improvement interventions and suggest preferred models of AF care involving routine collaboration between cardiologists and other physicians.
Medication adherence in COPD: what have we learned?

As physicians, we take great interest in the adherence of our patients to prescribed medications. This is based on our belief that the benefits of treatment will be greater in patients who take their medication regularly and less among those who do not. C Everett Koop is quoted as having said: “Drugs don’t work in patients who don’t take them”. The practice of faithfully complying with a medication regimen, however, may be just as important as the efficacy of the medication itself. In this month’s issue of Thorax , Vestbo et al 1 report that, among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) participating in the TORCH trial,2 adherers experienced significantly better survival and a lower risk of hospital admission due to exacerbations than non-adherers ( see page 939 ). These effects, however, were independent of treatment group.

In fact, a growing body of literature suggests that adherence to drug therapy in clinical trials—both medication and placebo regimens—predicts better outcomes. Many of these data have been generated from cardiovascular  In 1980 a report from the Coronary Drug Project significantly challenged traditional scientific thought regarding the relationship between adherence and disease outcomes.4 This randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial examined the effects of clofibrate on the survival of men who had experienced a myocardial infarction.5 Five-year mortality was similar for those …
Linking proactive personality to moral imagination: Moral identity as a moderator

In this study I explored the moderating effect of moral identity between proactive personality and moral imagination. Data were collected at 2 time points separated by 1 month from 378 participants. The data for proactive personality, moral personality, and moral identity were collected at Time 1, and moral imagination was measured at Time 2. Results showed that proactive personality was positively associated with moral imagination for people with high levels of moral identity but was negatively associated with moral imagination for people with low levels of moral identity.
Cationization versus surface activity--the effect on electrospray ionization.

Ethoxylated fatty alcohols, C(12)E(1), C(12)E(2), C(18)E(1) and C(18)E(2), were studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (E is the ethoxylene unit OCH(2)CH(2)). For compounds containing two ethoxylene units, which form quite stable adducts with sodium cation, the abundances of [M + Na](+) ions were not affected by alkyl chain, so the hydrophobic effect was not observed. For the compounds containing one ethoxylene unit, forming rather unstable adducts with sodium, the hydrophobic effect was clearly seen since the [ ion was more abundant than the [C(12)E(1) + Na](+) ion. Two ethoxylene units are not able to form stable adducts with potassium cations, therefore the hydrophobic effect was observed for the [C(12)E(2) + K](+) and [C(18)E(2) + Na](+) ions, the latter being more abundant than the former. For lithium cation adducts with C(12)E(1) and C(18)E(1), the hydrophobic effect was observed, but was less manifested than for sodium cations since lithium adducts are more stable than sodium ones.  and C(18)E(2) gave more intense signals at higher cone voltage values than C(12)E(1) and C(12)E(2), respectively. However, this is not related to the hydrophobic effect but to the collisions being less effective for the former.