nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The First Vernacular Caesar: Pier Candido Decembrio’s Translation for Inigo d’Avalos with Editions and Translations of Both Prologues

Among the first humanist translations of classical Latin texts is Pier Candido Decembrio’s vernacular version of Julius Caesar’s Commentaries. While his dedication of Caesar’s Gallic Wars (1438) to Filippo Maria Visconti, duke of Milan, has long been in print, the two dedications with which he prefaced the remaining books of the Caesarean corpus, both addressed to the Aragonese nobleman Inigo d’Avalos, have remained almost unknown and accessible only in manuscript. This article presents editions and translations of these prologues, dates them (to 1438-1442, and post-1452, respectively), and identifies the Latin manuscript family from which they derive. It then reconstructs the cultural and political contexts of Decembrio’s Caesar translations, showing how these literary gifts made him a cultural ambassador for Visconti and himself. Finally, it examines Decembrio’s approach to Caesar, whom he valued not as political or military exemplar, but as writer of history. The last preface, which contains a res gest...
LAW, EQUITY, AND CONSCIENCE IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND

This paper is concerned with the Judicature Acts of 1873 and 18751 and the contro versy surrounding them. The administrative reform of the Judicature was less obviously controversial than some other Victorian reformist legislation, such as the Factory Act, or the Married Women's Property Act, but legal debate about the Judicature Acts brings the law into dialogue with moral debates in the broader arena of Victorian culture. As a response to a crisis of authority in the country's legal institutions, this debate was one significant manifestation of the general conflict between authority and individualism that pervades Victorian discourse. The key terms of the legal debate were law, conscience, and equity, underwritten by the vague but powerful concepts of justice and natural law, and throughout the debate the relationships between legal usage and other forms of language were persistently questioned. The terms were also tested, and the questions asked, in such central literary texts as Daniel Deronda, Idylls of the King, and The Ring and the Book, and in the writings of such culturally central figures as Charles Darwin and Frederick
Financial contracting with enforcement externalities

Financial markets crucially rely on the development of an infrastructure dedicated to the enforcement of contracts. Here we study the effects of limited enforcement capacity on financial contracting by proposing a new theory of costly state verification. In our model the principal contracts with a population of entrepreneurs, who borrow to finance risky projects under limited liability. To sustain incentives to repay debt, the principal must build enforcement capacity ex ante, which determines state verification efforts ex post. Our theory sheds new light on such phenomena as credit crunches and the link between enforcement infrastructure accumulation, economic growth and political economy frictions.
Sustainability principles and practice for engineers

The Institute of Professional Engineers of New Zealand (IPENZ) Presidential Task Force recognized that there was little direction for practical application of sustainability to engineering practice, and developed a context and vision for that application. A set of sustainability principles for engineers was then developed, based on the long term viability of the planet, intra- and inter-generational equity, and a holistic view for projects and engineering practice - integrating environmental, social, and economic issues. Practical tasks and requirements for engineers, including a checklist was then drawn up to provide further direction to practicing engineers.
The Preliminarily Exploration of Area Uranium Mineralization Tectonic Evolution IN 320 Deposit

deposit locates at middle south in Gan-Xiang-Gui Diwa series and westsouth in Xiang-Dong Diwa in southeastern China Diwa region in east-Asia crust.It is controlled by paleographic zone of lithofacies environment and relates to regional Diwa tectonic action closely.Especially it relies closely on the growing and developing of the several times active Xiang-Dong Rifts and forms a series of Uranium mineralization that relates to rift structure.The ritfs controls the distibution of area band deposit in which 320 deposit is center.
Evidence for large-scale rotations at spreading centers from the Josephine ophiolite

Repetition of the Josephine ophiolite by large-scale open folding and imbricate faulting provides an excellent opportunity to study the geometric relationships between sheeted dikes, igneous layering, and bedding. Measurements of over 600 dike margins from the sheeted dike complex and high-level gabbro indicate that dikes are oriented at 20°–40° to bedding in metasedimentary rocks overlying the ophiolite. In addition, igneous layering is discordant to gross lithologic layering and is oriented at a large angle to both sheeted dikes and bedding. Similar relationships may occur in several other ophiolites. The “inclined” sheeted dikes and discordant igneous layering are best explained by a >45° rotation of new oceanic crust (ophiolite) immediately following formation at a spreading center. Rotation could have been accomplished by either subsidence or faulting. Further evidence for large-scale rotations of oceanic crust include frequent anomalous magnetic inclinations in drill cores of Layer 2 from the Atlantic.
VisCrimePredict: a system for crime trajectory prediction and visualisation from heterogeneous data sources

Open multidimensional data from social media and similar sources often carries insightful information on social issues. With the increase of high volume data and the proliferation of visual analytics platforms, it becomes easier for users to interact with and select meaningful information from large data sets. The prevention of crime is a crucial issue for law-enforcing agencies tasked with maintaining societal stability. The ability to visualise crime patterns and predict imminent incidents accurately opens new possibilities in crime prevention. In this paper, we present VisCrimePredict, a system that uses visual and predictive analytics to map out crimes that occurred in a region/neighbourhood. VisCrimePredict is underpinned by a novel algorithm that creates trajectories from heterogeneous data sources such as open data and social media with the aim to report incidents of crime. VisCrimePredict uses a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm for trajectory prediction. A proof of concept implementation of VisCrimePredict and an experimental evaluation of crime trajectory prediction accuracy using LSTM neural network concludes the paper.
Risk Management, Capital Budgeting and Capital Structure Policy for Financial Institutions: An Integrated Approach

We develop a framework for analyzing the capital allocation and capital structure decisions facing financial institutions such as banks. Our model incorporates two key features: i) value-maximizing banks have a well-founded concern with risk management; and ii) not all the risks they face can be frictionlessly hedged in the capital market. This approach allows us to show how bank-level risk management considerations should factor into the pricing of those risks that cannot be easily hedged. We examine several applications, including the evaluation of proprietary trading operations, and the pricing of unhedgeable derivatives positions.
Construction and Practice of Surveying and Mapping Engineering Specialty Practice Teaching System

The four dimensions are rule system dimension, organization dimension, practice base dimension and innovation dimension of Surveying and Mapping Engineering. "Four Dimensional Integration" practice teaching system is summarized in this article. The methods of construct practical teaching quality guarantee system is described in detail. The construction of whole process, all aspects, multi-method integrated practice teaching quality monitoring system is introduced. The implementation achievements of the "Four Dimensional Integration" practice teaching system is summed up, in order to provide references to general university in strengthening the practice teaching. Surveying and Mapping Engineering; Four Dimensions Integration; Practice teaching; Quality guarantee system; Quality monitoring system
War, Money and the English State, 1688-1783 : John Brewer

Give us 5 minutes and we will show you the best book to read today. This is it, the the sinews of power war money and the english state 1688 1783 that will be your best choice for better reading book. Your five times will not spend wasted by reading this website. You can take the book as a source to make better concept. Referring the books that can be situated with your needs is sometime difficult. But here, this is so easy. You can find the best thing of book that you can read.
Thickness Dependent Structure and Magnetic Properties in 57Fe/Ti/Co Multilayers

Structural and magnetic properties of 57Fe/Ti/Co multilayers (MLs), prepared by Ion beam sputtering on Si substrate have been studied as a function of trilayers (TLs) thickness and modulation periods. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) shows the successful growth of high-quality layered structures along with up to 3rd order Bragg peaks with distinct Kiessig oscillation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mossbauer studies evidence the formation of different phases mainly at the interfaces. Soft magnetic properties with high saturation values (~800emu/cm3) and high anisotropy field (~20kOe) are observed in the room temperature magnetization curve. The in plane value of coercivities are 18Oe and 60Oe for the 12 and 24 TLs respectively while in the out-of plane direction it increases to nearly 8 and 12 times respectively. The 12 TLs sample shows the presence of two fold anisotropy whereas the 24 TLs sample shows an isotropic behaviour. Low temperature DC magnetization studies evidence the presence of weak antiferromagnetic coupling while the Kelly Henkel plots for these samples show that the dominant exchange interactions between the grains are ferromagnetic.
DATAPLOT - an interactive high-level language for graphics, non-linear fitting, data analysis, and mathematics

<italic>This paper describes the design philosphy and features of DATAPLOT—a high-level (free-format English-like syntax) language for:</italic> 
  <italic>1) graphics (continuous or discrete);</italic> 
  <italic>2) fitting (linear or non-linear);</italic> 
  <italic>3) general data analysis;</italic> 
  <italic>4) mathematics.</italic> 
  <italic>DATAPLOT was developed originally in 1977 in response to data analysis problems encountered at the National Bureau of Standards. It has subsequently been the most heavily-used interactive graphics and non-linear fitting language at NBS. It is a valuable tool not only for “raw” graphics, but also for manuscript preparation, modeling, data analysis, data summarization, and mathematical analysis. DATAPLOT may be run either in batch mode or interactively, although it was primarily designed for (and is most effectively used in) an interactive environmnet. DATAPLOT graphics may appear on many different types of output devices. Due to its modular design and underlying ANSI FORTRAN (PFORT) code, DATAPLOT is portable to a wide variety of computers.</italic> 
  <italic>The paper is divided into three general parts: part 1 deals with background motivation and design philosophy; part 2 deals with capability and implementation features; part 3 deals with a comparison of DATAPLOT to other systems/languages.</italic>
A De Broglie-Like Wave in the Planetary Systems

In this work we do an "interpolation" of Scardigli theory of a quantum-like description of the planetary system that reproduces remarkable Titius-Bode-Richardson rule. More precisely, instead of simple, approximate, Bohr-like theory, or, accurate, Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger-like theory, considered by Scardigli, we suggest originally a semi-accurate, de Broglie-like description of the planetary system. Especially, we shall propose a de Broglie-like waves in the planetary systems. More precisely, in distinction from Scardigly (which postulated absence of the interference phenomena at planet orbits) we shall prove that, roughly speaking, planets orbits equal a sum of natural numbers of two types, large and small, of the de-Broglie-like waves. It is similar to well-known situation in atomic physics by interpretation of Bohr momentum quantization postulate by de Broglie relation.
RELIABILITY AT RISK The supervision of financial models as a case study for reflexive economic sociology

This article focuses on financial 'model risk' supervision as a test case for a reflexive approach to the sociology of contemporary financial markets. Model risk is customarily defined as a statistically significant relation between the expectation of a trading loss by a firm and its strategic use of, somehow flawed, econometric models for asset pricing and market trading purposes. It made its first public appearance in the mid-1990s, as a component of a new generation of financial risk management systems for the financial derivatives industry. Since then it has been assimilated by the most sophisticated national and international financial regulatory bodies. A perfect illustration of the thesis of the progressive 'embedding of the economy into economics', the forensic practice of financial reliability trials (backtesting) faces a deep pragmatic dilemma: how to distinguish truly unpredictable error from negligent risk management behaviour in a wildly randomized social environment.
The Blue Track sustainability in the study programs of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

At the Bonn-Rhine-Sieg University of Applied Science, Germany, students now learn about sustainability in each semester. Climate change and limitations of fossil resources are demanding problems engineers have to solve today and much more in future. They will be asked to find solutions for providing energy from renewable sources, reducing consumption of resources and enhancing efficiency of energy and material input. To prepare the students for this challenging work, the department of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Technical Journalism (EMT) has decided to educate their students of electrical and mechanical engineering in every semester in topics of sustainability and the students of Technical Journalism in ecology and environmental sciences. This continuous sequence of topics in the curriculum is called the “Blue Track“. Contents are e.g. E-Mobility, Smart Grids, sustainable product development and renewable energies.
Dependent Development: The Alliance of Multinational, State and Local Capital in Brazil.

In order to analyze Brazil's recent accumulation of capital in the light of its continued dependence, Peter Evans focuses on the relationships among multinational corporations, local private entrepreneurs, and state-owned enterprises that have developed in Brazil over the last decade. He argues that while relations among the three kinds of capital continue to be contradictory, a triple alliance has been formed that provides the social structural basis for the pattern of local industrialization that has emerged. The author begins with a review of the theories of imperialism and dependency in the third world. Placing the Brazilian experience of the last twenty years in its historical context, he traces the country's evolution from the period of "classic dependence" at the turn of the century to the current stage of "dependent development." In conclusion, Professor Evans discusses the implications of the Brazilian model for other third world countries. Examining the nature of the triple alliance as it is manifested in such industries as pharmaceuticals, textiles, and petrochemicals, the author reveals the complex differentiation of the groups' roles in industrialization and lays bare the grounds for their collaboration and their conflict. He consequently shows how the differing interests, power, and capabilities of the three groups have combined to produce a system promoting industrialization that benefits the elite partnership but excludes the larger population from the rewards of growth.
Interactions of alloying elements during anodizing of dilute Al-Au-Cu and Al-W-Zn alloys and consequences for film growth

The anodizing behaviour of sputter-deposited Al-4 at.% Au-1 at.% Cu and Al-1.6 at.% W-0.6 at.% Zn alloys has been examined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Initially, a uniform, amorphous alumina film, free of copper and gold species, is formed on the Al-Au-Cu alloy; at the same time, a thin alloy layer, beneath the anodic film, is enriched in copper and gold. The uniform film growth is eventually terminated by generation of oxygen at gold-rich particles at, or near, the alloy/film interface, leading to bubble formation, subsequent rupture of the film and release of oxygen. Film growth on the Al-W-Zn alloy causes mainly enrichment of tungsten in the alloy, with the limited enrichment of zinc contrasting with the behaviour of Al-Zn alloys. Uniform film growth proceeds to high voltages with incorporation of mobile tungsten and zinc species into the film.
Br2 production from the heterogeneous reaction of gas-phase OH with aqueous salt solutions: Impacts of acidity, halide concentration, and organic surfactants.

This study reports the first laboratory measurement of gas-phase Br2 production from the reaction between gas-phase hydroxyl radicals and aqueous salt solutions. Experiments were conducted at 269 K in a rotating wetted-wall flow tube coupled to a chemical-ionization mass spectrometer for analysis of gas-phase components. From both pure NaBr solutions and mixed NaCl/NaBr solutions, the amount of Br2 released was found to increase with increasing acidity, whereas it was found to vary little with increasing concentration of bromide ions in the sample. For mixed NaCl/NaBr solutions, Br2 was formed preferentially over Cl2 unless the Br- levels in the solution were significantly depleted by OH oxidation, at which point Cl2 formation was observed. Presence of a surfactant in solution, sodium dodecyl sulfate, significantly suppressed the formation of Br2; this is the first indication that an organic surfactant can affect the rate of interfacial mass transfer of OH to an aqueous surface. The OH-mediated oxidation of bromide may serve as a source of active bromine in the troposphere and contribute to the subsequent destruction of ozone that proceeds in marine-influenced regions of the troposphere.
Banks' Corporate Governance and Merger

In order to explore what corporate governance characteristics are associated with mergers in the banking industry, the sample of publicly traded banks in different countries between 2005 and 2007 and a variety of empirical methods are used in this paper. By introducing matched sample comparison, univariate comparison and multivariate comparison, the differences between the sample banks that do and do not become merger targets are explored. Empirical results show outside shareholders and blockholders appear to be primarily responsible for encouraging bank managers to accept an attractive merger offer. Empirical results also show a greater frequency of outside blockholders in the banks would become merger targets. A strong and consistent link between outside director equity ownership and banks becoming takeover targets is documented in this paper.
Spatial Morphology Anatomy of Heijing Ancient Town in Chuxiong,Yunnan

Based on historical evolution of Heijing,this paper analyzed the landscape features of natural landscape,general structure and man-made architecture in Heijing.Meanwhile,it revealed its historical position as a place with thousands years of salt production as well as its solid economic financial resources.This article described and analysed the ancient town's space forms and the feelings from three space areas which are the natural environment,the artificial building and the spiritual cultural.The final conclusion hoped to supply a referent value in knowing well of the Heijing town and studying its construction and development as the role of an important commercial town in Ming and Qing dynasty.
X-ray diffraction investigations of the structure of tungsten powder subjected to ultrahigh pressures

Conclusions1.Residual microstress in tungsten powder subjected to the action of pressure, over the range 23–60 kbar, at temperatures from 20 to 1200°C is virtually independent of pressure, its magnitude being of the order of the ultimate strength of the material.2.With rise in quasi-hydrostatic pressure, the regions of coherent scattering increase in size, the coarsening of the substructure being due to activation of dislocation travel by the compressive stress.
Testing post-Newtonian theory with gravitational wave observations

The Laser Interferometric Space Antenna (LISA) will observe supermassive black hole binary mergers with an amplitude signal-to-noise ratio of several thousand. We investigate the extent to which such observations afford high-precision tests of Einstein's gravity. We show that LISA provides a unique opportunity to probe the nonlinear structure of post-Newtonian theory both in the context of general relativity and its alternatives.
Puritan Godly Discipline in Comparative Perspective: Legal Pluralism and the Sources of “Intensity"

Puritan Godly Discipline in Comparative Perspective: Legal Pluralism and the Sources of “Intensity” Richard J. Ross 1 University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign) College of Law and History Department [This article is a work-in-progress. I am particularly eager to receive feedback about what worked and did not work and about what needs further elaboration or could be cut. Please do not cite or quote from this essay without permission.] For comments and advice, the author would like to thank: Edward Balleisen, Charles Cohen, Philip Gorski, Hendrik Hartog, Peter Hoffer, Jacqueline Ross, Gary Rowe, Karl Shoemaker, Bruce Smith, Dalia Tsuk, and participants at panels and workshops at the Law and Society Association conference, the American Society for Legal History conference, the Triangle Legal History and Early American History seminars, and the Symposium on Comparative Early Modern Legal History. The Ross and Helen Workman Law Research Grant (of the University of Illinois College of Law) provided invaluable funding during the completion of this essay. I have modernized spelling and punctuation in quotations from primary sources.
Modern Frontier: Aspects of the 1950s in Australia's Northern Territory

'Modern Frontier' is a study of Australia's Northern Territory in the 1950s using an interdisciplinary approach that takes in environmental, historical and cultural history. Through a series of chapters from a number of contributors, a decade in Australian history is revealed from a Territory perspective. The editors have brought together a diverse range of authors, experts in their fields, who provide a fascinating insight into aspects of Australian history and policy in the north. The decade that brought issues of assimilation and Aboriginal culture to the national stage, against a backdrop of the Cold War, had the Northern Territory as its theatre of representation. This book explores a period that saw a federal experiment to normalise the north, the black half of a White Australia, across a vast geographic region with diverse population; the results are often surprising and offer new insight into this period in Australian history. The editors are three historians with a wide experience of researching and writing Territory history. Modern Frontier provided them an exciting opportunity to work with a range of authors representing different disciplines and perspectives, on a subject where the issues still powerfully resonate today, more than half a century on. ["...A multitude of facets in Territory affairs a half-century ago. It's a new view... a rich, often provocative one." Professor Alan Powell, author of 'Far Country'.