nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Late Palaeozoic Rifting on Hainan Island, China1

There occurred rifting on Hainan Island in the Late Palaeozoic. Bimodal volcanic rocks composed of basalt and rhyolite developed in the Carboniferous. Widespread in the Late Palaeozoic formations are several layers of fluvial intermontane conglomerates whose distribution is controlled by rift faults. The Late Palaeozoic deposits dominated by clastic rocks are, for a major part, of marine facies and of continental facies in the lower and upper parts. Lithological and lithochemical studies indicate that the detrital rocks were formed in a tectonic setting of continental rifting. The evolution of the rifting terminated at the stage of transition form an intra continental rift to an intercontinental one and the rift basin was a bay opening westward to the sea.
Geology and deep verticals: Case study from the Maganik Mts., Montenegro

The formation of deepest karst vertical shafts in the world has been probably controlled by similar geological factors. Universal factors include convenient lithology and hydrological or precipitation potential. The study from Maganik Mts. shows substantial difference between the “density” of deep vertical shafts at the area of flat, subhorizontal beds and the area of duplexes, folds and faults. The first area displays dense network of deep vertical shafts the depth of which is controlled by thickness of flat bedded limestones and by subvertical joint sets. When the vertical shafts bottomed at caciturbidites with shale rhythmic interbeds, the shape of cave quickly changed to meanders and lower vertical steps.
Solutions for Neutral for Axi-Dilaton Gravity in 4-Dimensions

We examine a 1 parameter class of actions describing the gravitational interaction between a pair of scalar fields and Einsteinian gravitation. When the parameter is positive the theory corresponds to an axi-dilatonic sector of low energy string theory. We exploit an SL(2,R) symmetry of the theory to construct a family of electromagnetically neutral solutions with non-zero axion and dilaton charge from solutions of the Brans-Dicke theory. We also comment on solutions to the theory with negative coupling parameter.
Tectonic style of the Appalachian allochthonous zone of southern Quebec: Seismic and gravimetric evidence

An integrated interpretation of seismic reflection and gravity results yields an image of the structural units (nappes, overthrust sheets and underthrust slabs) of the Cambrian-Ordovician metasedimentary and metavolcanic sequences of the Appalachian province of southern Quebec at depth and the relative position of the underlying Precambrian crystalline basement. The tectonics related to crystalline Precambrian basement may be correlated with four interpretations and combinations of these. A decollement of Paleozoic sedimentary and volcanic piles over a rigid crystalline basement is most probable considering the interpretation of gravity and especially seismic data. The tectonic style at depth is rather unresolved from surface geological information. The elaboration of a two-dimensional model is constrained by physical properties of rocks, maximum depth extents of individual bodies and seismic reflectors in addition to surface geology. Finally, a minimum of 1500 km of shortening and Iapetan closing is suggested.
Понятие «Мировой порядок» в современном теоретическом дискурсе

The author shows the theoretical and practical significance of the problematic of the world order for the formation of stable international environment, reveals the content of major interpretations of the definition “world order” and their conditionality by the transitional state of modern international relations, ascertains the tendency to the formation of the integrative interpretation of the world order phenomenon, analyzes the existing approaches to the question of the correlation between the notions “world order” and “international order”, and basing on the normative and institutional paradigms suggests his own understanding of the category “world order”.
Kathakali Dance-Drama: Where Gods and Demons Come to Play

Kathakali Dance-Drama provides a comprehensive introduction to the distinctive and colourful dance-drama of Kerala in South-West India for the first time. This landmark volume: * explores Kathakali's reception as it reaches new audiences both in India and the west * includes two cases of controversial of Kathakali experiments * explores the implications for Kathakali of Keralan politics During these performances heroes, heroines, gods and demons tell their stories of traditional Indian epics. The four Kathakali plays included in this anthology, translated from actual performances into English are: * The Flower of Good Fortune * The Killing of Kirmmira * The Progeny of Krishna * King Rugmamgada's Law Each play has an introduction and detailed commentary and is illustrated by stunning photographs taken during performances. An introduction to Kathakali stage conventions, make-up, music, acting, and training is also provided, making this an ideal volume for both the specialist and non-specialist reader.
Quantum theory : a philosopher's overview

Given its general motivation, " Quantum Theory: a Philosopher's Overview " by Salvator Cannavo is a very interesting book. The fundamental question is: Can quantum mechanics be an explanatory theory? In a nutshell, his answer is: " No ". I respectfully disagree. Before we enter into the merits of his case, let me describe the book. In Chapter 1 the author nicely reviews quantum theory. On the one hand, quantum mechanics (in the text " QT ") has had an unprecedented and overwhelming experimental success. On the other hand, however, quantum mechanics raises profound conceptual problems which are equally unprecedented. Since its discovery, the theory has generated a large philosophical debate about its ultimate intelligibility and its metaphysical implications. As Cannavo points out, " nothing of this glorious classical history, however, has been quite as stunning as the success of quantum theory – a success that has seemed utterly magical.  The natural response to the baffling aspects of quantum physics is the demand for an interpretation for QT " (p.39). In Chapter 4 Cannavo presents the Copenhagen interpretation and Bohm's hidden variable theory, while in Chapter 5 he discusses the many-worlds interpretations, the many-minds interpretations, decoherence theory, GRW theory, and quantum logic. The conclusion is that the situation is hopeless: all these interpretations are inadequate, for they all fall short of providing the sort of explanation an interpretation should give. After describing the distinction between explanatory and algorithmic theories (the former being able to make predictions and explanation, the latter just predictions), Cannavo shows in Chapter 6 how quantum theory has always been ultimately and irreducibly algorithmic, so that " […] the very long history of failed efforts at formulating a generally acceptable interpretation strongly suggests that the interpretational program is deeply impractical, if not utterly futile […] " (p. xii). We should recognize, Cannavo claims, that it is in the nature of quantum mechanics of not being able to explain phenomena. Physicists have developed new theories, like quantum electrodynamics, quantum field theory and string theory (to which Cannavo refers as " quantumized theories …
Gender Stereotypes in Children's Picture Books.

Research has examined how gender stereotypes and sexism in picture books affect the development of gender identity in young children, how children's books in the last decade have portrayed gender, and how researchers evaluate picture books for misrepresentations of gender. A review of the research indicated that gender development is a critical part of the earliest and most important learning experiences of a young child. Picture books provide role models for children in defining standards for feminine and masculine behavior; gender stereotypes and sexism limit children's potential growth and development; non-sexist books can produce positive changes in self-concept, attitudes, and behavior; and picture books in the last decade have shown some improvement in reducing stereotypes, but subtle stereotypes still exist. Recommendations include: teachers, parents, and care-givers need to be critical in evaluating books they plan to share with young children; teachers and parents need to become familiar with criteria for evaluating books; teachers need to be critical in selecting multicultural literature; more minorities, particularly authors of Mexican American and African American ethnicity, need to write fiction for young children that authenticate their heritage; universities need to train teachers to be aware of the use of male-dominated language and the positive benefits of using non-sexist books and classroom materials; and research on books published should continue.  Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.  Gender Stereotypes in Children's Picture Books U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization Originating it. o Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality Points 01 view or Opinions stated in this dOCument do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) May M. Narahara EDEL 570 Dr. Kahl Spring 1998 2 ItEST COPY AVAIIIA
Transparency and International Investor Behavior

Does country transparency affect international portfolio investment? We examine this and related questions using some new measures of transparency and a unique micro dataset on international portfolio holdings. We distinguish between government and corporate transparency. There is clear evidence that international funds invest systematically less in less transparent countries. On the other hand, herding among funds tends to be more prevalent in less transparent countries. There is also some evidence that during crises, funds flee non-transparent countries by a greater amount.
Spinoza and the Rise of Liberalism

In this classic work the author undertakes to show how Spinoza's philosophical ideas, particularly his political ideas, were influenced by his underlying emotional responses to the conflicts of his time. It thus differs form most professional philosophical analyses of the philosophy of Spinoza. The author identifies and discusses three periods in the development of Spinoza's thought and shows how they were reactions to the religious, political and economic developments in the Netherlands at the time. In his first period, Spinoza reacted very strongly to the competitive capitalism of the Amsterdam Jews whose values were "so thoroughly pervaded by an economic ethics that decrees the stock exchange approached in dignity the decrees of God," and of the ruling classes of Amsterdam, and was led out only to give up his business activities but also to throw in his lot with the Utopian groups of the day. In his second period, Spinoza developed serious doubts about the practicality of such idealistic movements and became a "mature political partisan" of Dutch liberal republicanism. The collapse of republicanism and the victory of the royalist party brought further disillusionment. Having become more reserved concerning democratic processes, and having decided that "every form of government could be made consistent with the life of free men," Spinoza devoted his time and efforts to deciding what was essential to any form of government which would make such a life possible. In his carefully crafted introduction to this new edition, Lewis Feuer responds to his critics, and reviews Spinoza's worldview in the light of the work of later scientists sympathetic to this own basic standpoint. He reviews Spinoza's arguments for the ethical and political contributions of the principle of determinism, and examines how these have guided, and at times frustrated, students and scholars of the social and physical sciences who have sought to understand and advance these disciplines.
"Improve the Women": Mass Schooling, Female Literacy, and Worldwide Social Change.

In this article, Robert LeVine, Sarah LeVine, and Beatrice Schnell develop and test a theoretical model of how women's schooling might contribute to social and demographic change. Drawing upon research from many disciplines, the authors propose that schooling leads to social change by imparting skills and fostering other individual changes that alter women's patterns of social participation. They argue that, in schools, girls acquire aspirations, identities, skills, and models of learning that eventually affect their decisions regarding reproductive, child-rearing, and health behaviors. Among other things, girls learn an academic register that, the authors argue, is the official language of all bureaucracies, including health and family-planning clinics as well as schools. Proficiency in using this academic language is advantageous in oral communication with the health bureaucracy, and may lead to greater utilization of health services and, thus, improved reproductive and health outcomes. After explaining...
SOME REMARKS ON THE CAPACITY OF A COMMUNICATION CHANNEL

One of the most important and well-known theorems in information theory is the capacity theorem (Theorem 1) of a discrete. memory less and regular channel. Another is the matching theorem (Theorem 3) about the information systems with symbols possessing time-durations. Although the two are seemingly irrelevant to each other, a close connection between them will be shown in Section 2 by presenting a general theorem which includes the two theorems as the two special cases. In Section I an interpretation of the capacity theorem is given by introduing the cost consideration into the information system. Information theory in its communication-engineering sense, the author thinks, consists of the two main branches, coding theory and information transmission theory. As to the former we do not know any example of applications to operations research problems. But as to the latter, Professor Kunisawa of Tokyo Institute of Technology has devoted his efforts in these several years to the exploration of both the theory and case studies . The present note will be a little and further contribution along this line.
Studying complex places : change and continuity in York and Dijon

This study considers the methodological implications of a critical realist and complex systems perspective to social phenomena in general, and to cities and urban regions in particular. Using three broad methodological approaches, namely the use of official statistics, visual sources and group interviews with children, different representations of York and Dijon are produced. Through an integrated and reflexive analysis of the findings, an argument is developed to show that an emergent pattern of change and continuity since the 1970s is common to both places. This is then related to the desired and projected changes to the cities voiced by the children, who, it is argued, are active agents shaping the present and future trajectories of their
A survey of user attitudes towards electronic payment systems

This paper presents results of a user survey on conventional and electronic payment systems that was conducted with the aim to discover user attitudes towards their characteristic properties. While research, presented in the literature of the field suggests high importance of characteristics of electronic payment systems such as anonymity and efficiency, we have found that these characteristics are perceived by users as much less important. Further it has been assessed that different characteristics have unequal levels of importance. This can be a turning point in understanding critical issues for further development of electronic payment systems.
Discovery of low grade metamorphic volcanic rock sheets within UHP in Dabie Mts. and its implications

THE ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic zone (UHP), outcropping in the central and southernDabie Mts. with an area of about 1000 km~2, may be the largest one in the world. The forma-tion and exhumation mechanism of the UHP rocks become a hot point in the study of continen-tal orogen. The first finding of the Shiqiao structural window, which is composed of low grade
Some Thoughts About the Future of Intelligent Buildings and Smart Transportation

With the ever accelerating advances in science and technology, it seems that almost any dream in the science fiction can become true. This paper discusses two topics that are closely related to our daily life; buildings and transportation. Although the paper was inspired by Science-Fiction Prototyping (SFP), rather than using a conventional story based approach I have adopted an essay-style to extrapolate forward my thoughts on current living conditions and trends of technology development, to explore various possibilities for future buildings and transportation For example, I present ideas for an intelligent building concept motivated by the behavior of sunflowers to improve the regulation of natural light and heat absorption in buildings. In addition, I have mused on a possible solution to current traffic congestion problems. The motivation for these ideas is to make our life more convenient and comfortable in the future.
CRITERIA FOR CRITIQUING SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER MODELS WITH APPLICATION TO BARR-GALE MODEL FOR CONSUMER PRICE INDEX OF FOOD

The authors propose six questions relevant to the evaluation of all social system models, and apply them to the Barr-Gale model for forecasting the Consumer Price Index for Food. While analysts invest much effort in developing new economic models, relatively little attention is paid to critiquing existing models. For models to become scientifically acceptable and widely used tools for policy design in the social sciences, they must be accompanied by complete documentation and data. Then independent investigators can confirm published results and determine a model's sensitivity to changes in assumptions. Greater emphasis on critical analysis and standard procedures for evaluation will help potential users evaluate models for accuracy and suitability for their purposes.
Determining applicability of feminist theories by examining the mediation and moderation effects on economic performance in Lao micro, small, and medium size enterprises

This study aimed to establish the applicability of social feminist theory and liberal feminist theory to micro, small, and medium sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) by examining the results of the mediation effects and moderation effects of the gender of entrepreneurs. Data was collected in 2005, 2007, and 2009 by the Enterprises Baseline Survey (EBS) from the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ). The findings showed that social feminist theory is more applicable than liberal feminist theory. This paper suggests implications for both practitioners and policymakers for improvements and ways to utilize some firm resources and networks and reduce the gender gap.
E2 Strength in the Radiative Charmed Baryon Decay

The radiative decay $\Sigma_Q^* \rightarrow \Lambda_Q\gamma$ can have both magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) components. In the heavy quark limit $M_Q\rightarrow\infty$ the transition arises from the spin of the light degrees of freedom changing from $s_l=1$ to $s_l=0$ and hence the E2 contribution vanishes. We compute the leading contribution to the E2 strength in chiral perturbation theory and find that the amplitude is enhanced by a small energy denominator in the chiral limit. This enhancement essentially compensates for the $1/M_c$ suppression that is present in the charm system. We find a mixing ratio of order a few percent dependent upon the $\Sigma_c^*--\Sigma_c$ spin symmetry breaking mass difference. The analogous quantity in the b-baryon sector is smaller by a factor of $\sim M_c/M_b$.
Moldable Parallel Job Scheduling Using Job Efficiency: An Iterative Approach

Currently, job schedulers require "rigid" job submissions from users, who must specify a particular number of processors for each parallel job. Most parallel jobs can be run on different processor partition sizes, but there is often a trade-off between wait-time and run-time--asking for many processors reduces run-time but may require a protracted wait. With moldable scheduling, the choice of job partition size is determined by the scheduler, using information about job scalability characteristics.We explore the role of job efficiency in moldable scheduling, through the development of a scheduling scheme that utilizes job efficiency information. The algorithm is able to improve the average turnaround time, but requires tuning of parameters. Using this exploration as motivation, we then develop an iterative scheme that avoids the need for any parameter tuning. The iterative scheme performs an intelligent, heuristic based search for a schedule that minimizes average turnaround time. It is shown to perform better than other recently proposed moldable job scheduling schemes, with good response times for both the small and large jobs, when evaluated with different workloads.
Religious experience and Contemporary Theological Epistemology

In this volume we present the proceedings from the fourth international Leuven Encounters in Systematic Theology (LEST IV, November 5-8, 2003), which focussed on a critical investigation of the place and role of religious experience in the legitimation structures of contemporary theological thinking patterns. In the first part, the keynote lectures, including the responses, are gathered (among others from L. Boeve, F. Fiorenza, L. Hemming, G. Jantzen, S. Painadath, S. Robert, R. Schaeffler, and S. Van den Bossche). In the second part, a selection of the contributions offered in the thematic seminars is presented.
Equilibrium Unemployment and Investment Under Product and Labour Market Imperfections

We study the implications of product market competition and investment for price setting, wage bargaining and thereby for equilibrium unemployment in an economy with product and labour market imperfections. We show that intensified product market competition will reduce equilibrium unemployment, whereas the effect of increased capital intensity is more complex. Higher capital intensity will decrease the equilibrium unemployment when the elasticity of substitution between capital and labour is less than one, while the reverse happens when this elasticity is higher than one but smaller than the elasticity of substitution between products. Finally, we demonstrate how labour and product market imperfections, characterized by the wage and price setting mark-ups, affect the optimal capital stock. Our findings raise important questions for future empirical research.
The Evolving Culture of Retailer Regulation and the Failure of the ‘Balfour Bill’ in Interwar Britain

The authors explore the interactions between retailer conflict, types of competition, and retail regulation. Their study is set within the wider debates surrounding the attempts to retheorise retail geography, and, more specifically, in the context of retail competition within interwar Britain. The specific focus is on the attempts to control large-scale corporate retailing, and the failure of such strategies. The authors also draw on comparisons with the situation in the USA and show that the British case was very different, as illustrated by the failure of the 'Balfour Bill'. Within this context they debate a number of reasons why the attempts to regulate retailing failed in Britain. On a broader front they also demonstrate the need for further research into the complex relationships between retailer conflict and regulatory control.