nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
What is it to be religiously mistaken? A Pragmatist Perspective

philosophers have always been attracted to disagreements, perhaps because they almost immediately lead to philosophically exciting questions about how to distinguish positions, theories, and so forth, that are right from those that are mistaken. Philosophy of religion is certainly no exception, and, here, focus has often been on disagreements over belief in the existence of the God of classical theism as manifested in the great Abrahamic traditions, on the one hand, and atheism, on the other—though disagreements between religious traditions have also attracted attention. Particularly in AngloAmerican philosophy of religion, these disagreements have generally been conceptualized in epistemological terms: Which (if any) religious beliefs are epistemically justified or warranted? This is a debate where the philosophical expertise in epistemology seems to have practical application, and over the years, a great number of philosophers have joined it. Where does American pragmatism fit into this picture? Well, pragmatists take disagreement to signal a need for reflection and, hopefully, mediation, and if philosophers can contribute here, then they should (James, Pragmatism 1–2). Also, pragmatists such as C. S. Peirce and John Dewey have stressed the important epistemological role that cases where we are mistaken serve as the nodes of inquiry (Dewey, Logic; Peirce). Not only is it easier to detect cases where we are mistaken, as Karl Popper rightly emphasized (Popper); they are also, pragmatists insist, important in that they concretely threaten our well-being, and we need to do something in response (James, Will to Believe 63ff.). Speaking from a pragmatist perspective, then, the judgment that some people whom we encounter are religiously mistaken is no idle or disinterested statement of fact: it is to claim (a) that something is wrong with the way they act in certain situations, and (b) that this has significant negative practical consequences for their and/or others’ welfare, and, hence, (c) that—ideally,
Le rle de la confiance dans le systme de gouvernance des entreprises

La confiance est censee jouer un role important pour expliquer les ecarts de performance entre les differents systemes economiques nationaux. Cet article vise a analyser ce role en s'appuyant sur la theorie de la gouvernance des entreprises. Apres avoir propose une definition de la confiance comme mecanisme de gouvernance, precise les caracteristiques ce dernier et analyse son impact sur la latitude manageriale, nous avons explore le lien existant entre la confiance et la creation de valeur partenariale.
On the Blind River uranium ores and their origin

Ore conglomerates of the Blind River area lie at or near the base of the Huronian sedimentary section in discontinuous, sheet-like, partly overlapping, south east trending zones within a major north northeast belt. They are part of a sequence of detrital sediments laid down in a beach and delta environment by a northward transgressing sea. The Huronian rocks are cut by basic dikes and by quartz veins, both of which have been dated. The ore conglomerates are older than 1,100 m.y. and probably older than 1,700 m.y. The uranium minerals, brannerite, uraninite and a "monazite" complex, occur with a typical detrital assemblage and appear themselves to be detrital. The ore minerals are considered to be syngenetic and of the age of the conglomerates. Age determinations on the ores suggest that the radioactive minerals have been modified, or that material has been introduced at 1,300 m.y. and at 600 m.y. Differences between the Witwatersrand and Blind River are discussed briefly.
Multi-disciplinary dialogue and collaboration are the key [Future Trends in I&M]

A few centuries ago, fundamental research and science were reserved to the happy few. However, the scope of the knowledge of renowned scientists was typically extremely broad. Take for instance James C. Maxwell, who formulated the equations which govern most of an electrical, electronic, and telecommunication engineer's application area. Well, his research topics did not only cover electromagnetism. He was also a mathematician, pioneered research in thermodynamics, and predicted the material composition of the rings of Saturn (which was verified only a hundred years later).
On the need of certification in computational electromagnetics based engineering services

During the last five decades computing power has become more widely available. Consequently the solving of practical engineering and scientific problems has shifted towards virtual computer based assessments. A new field based on mathematical models and modern computers arose from this development and is called scientific computing. This field consists of numerical mathematics, computer science and the relating engineering discipline. This field differs from laboratory experiments and theoretical work which are the common forms of engineering work. Nowadays computational electromagnetics is a self-contained engineering service. This paper approaches the problem of providing proof of reliability and creating confidence in this special industrial sector.
Spin-3 gravity in three-dimensional flat space.

We present the first example of a nontrivial higher spin theory in three-dimensional flat space. We propose flat-space boundary conditions and prove their consistency for this theory. We find that the asymptotic symmetry algebra is a (centrally extended) higher spin generalization of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra, which we describe in detail. We also address higher spin analogues of flat space cosmology solutions and possible generalizations.
Carrier charging effect of V3Si nanocrystals floating gate memory structure

We fabricated V 3 Si nanocrystals embedded in SiO 2 dielectric layer as a function of post- annealing conditions and characterized their charging effect to apply a nonvolatile memory device. The V 3 Si thin layer of 5-nm-thickness was deposited on the SiO 2 tunneling layer by r.f. sputtering system. To create nanocrystals structure, the post-annealing process in N 2 gas ambient by rapid thermal annealing method was done at temperature ranges from 600 °C to 1000 °C as a function of annealing times. After the post-annealing at 800 °C for 5 s, the spherical shaped V 3 Si nanocrystals with average diameter of 4 nm were formed. From the nano-floating gate capacitor structure with V 3 Si nanocrystals, the memory window was measured about 3.4 V when the sweeping voltages applied from − 9 V to 9 V and from 9 V to − 9 V. This result indicates that V 3 Si nanocrystals have a strong potential for the nonvolatile memory device.
Conspiring to run : women, their bodies and athletics training

Women's athletics commenced about 60 years after the start of the men's sport. Women's involvement in athletics was held back by the medical and general views that this was a strenuous sport requiring a level of exertion beyond the biological capabilities of female bodies. Their difficult initiation into athletics occurred under male gaze; they encountered opposition from the public, the medical profession and from the male-controlled athletics organizations. A serious participation in athletics requires significant exertion and dedicated training. While the prevailing view was that moderate physical exercise without strain enhanced women's health, the exertion required for athletics was deemed to be potentially dangerous. Within essentialist views of gender, women's involvement in athletics was thought to have implications for their nurturing and domestic roles. When the pioneer women athletes tried to excel, they were said to be straining themselves and their participation in the sport was brought into question. By using theoretical insights drawn mostly from Foucault, training manuals from the early decades of women's athletics and material from interviews with some of the first English female athletes are examined to investigate the attitudes of both genders to women in athletics and to analyse how they circumvented the potential veto of their sport by men.
Talking culture, silencing 'race', enriching the nation : the politics of multiculturalism in South Korea

In South Korea, believed to be one of the most racially and culturally homogeneous nation-states, ‘multiculturalism’ has emerged, since the mid-2000s, as a discursive space within which migrant incorporation and racial/cultural diversity are discussed. Despite the proliferation of multicultural discourses and policy developments, issues of racism have not come to the fore in Korea, not only in the practices of policymaking but also in scholarly work. This thesis problematises this absence and interrogates the contingent configuration of contemporary multiculturalism and racialised nationalism. To achieve this, it starts out by questioning the entrenched idea of Korea’s ‘racial irrelevance’ and the persistent decoupling of nationalism and racism. The thesis employs open-ended, semi-structured in-depth interviews as its key method. A total of forty-five interviews were conducted with various social actors, who actively respond to the multiculturalisation of Korean society, in their role as migrant rights activists, government agencies, media personnel, (far-right) anti-multiculturalists, and migrants. By drawing on the analysis of these interviews and other complementary sources (historical documents, white papers, media reports, and anti-multiculturalists’ online communities), the thesis particularly focuses on the following three aspects of the Korean application of multiculturalism. Firstly, how multiculturalism works as a euphemism for race – emblematic in the employment of the term ‘multicultural’ as a pseudo-racial category – and how this euphemistic development works reciprocally with the disavowal of racism. Secondly, it reflects on how ‘culture’, in this tendency of multicultural politics, is utilised in constructing differences, constituting the dynamics of in/exclusion, and accumulating individual and national capital. Lastly, the thesis demonstrates the fragility and contradictions of celebratory multicultural discourses, imbricated with neoliberal subjectivity and strongly inflected by a social Darwinist ethos. In conceptualising multiculturalism as the politics of hush in South Korea, this project not only carves out a new research space for the critical analysis of ‘race’ and racism in Korean academia but also contributes to expanding our understanding of the politics of multiculturalism particularly in relation to the global discourse of ‘post-racial’ society.
Rethinking the North American frontier after 9/11

This paper is primarily concerned with changes to the border dividing Canada from the U.S. after 9/11. Two arguments are made: that these changes were sufficiently profound to warrant a re‐conceptualization of what constitutes a border and how it operates; and that for Canadians, border relations with the U.S. have become a highly complex, multifaceted business managed both horizontally and vertically by a full range of governments and their various departments on both sides of the border. In policy terms, the line drawn to distinguish foreign from domestic policy has become decidedly blurred, melding into what some have called the “intermestic.” In order to understand these changes, it is necessary to contextualize them. The method chosen is to begin by examining the changes that occurred in Europe and North America in the period after the cold war, with an emphasis on matters such as the process of democratization, the significance of peace dividends, new security paradigms, the forces of globa...
How Water Permutes the Structural Organization and Microscopic Dynamics of Cholinium Glycinate Biocompatible Ionic Liquid.

We investigate the structural organization and microscopic dynamics of aqueous cholinium glycinate ([Ch][Gly]), a biocompatible ionic liquid (IL), by employing all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Herein, we observe the effect of water content on the molecular-level arrangement of ions in the IL-water mixture through simulated X-ray scattering structure function, their partial components, and real-space correlation functions. The study reveals the presence of a principal peak in the total structure function of the neat [Ch][Gly] IL at around q = 1.4 Å-1. The corresponding correlation tends to decrease and shifts toward shorter length scales with increase in the water content. It is found that the principal peak mainly originates from the correlations between counter ions. Hydrogen bond analysis reveals that water molecules compete with the anions to form hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl hydrogen of cation. Concomitantly, strong hydrogen bonding is also observed between [Gly]- anion and water, which depreciates with the increasing hydration level. Hydrogen-bond autocorrelation function analysis manifests that average lifetimes of different possible hydrogen bonds decrease with increase in mole fraction of water. The mobilities of the ions are also significantly affected by water, showing a nonlinear increase with the increasing water content. The [Gly]- anion is found to show faster dynamics on the addition of water as compared to [Ch]+ cation.
SITUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN NEARSHORE AREA AND STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF QINHUANGDAO

Qinhuangdao is an important city in our country for its coastal tourist and trading port.Environmental changes and trends will directly influence the development of the city.Based on the analysis of the situation of nearshore area and problems in the environmental protection,some strategies for the sustainable development were advised,such as total amount control of pollutant,monitoring and management of the sea,laws and regulations and ecological remediation or recovery.
Knowledge Development, Social Capital and Alliance Learning

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate information on what creates the different types of knowledge. In the conceptual model it is argued that the concept of social capital provides an interesting view on the creation of market‐specific and firm‐specific knowledge. The major finding from the paper is that knowledge is an important by‐product of an alliance forming process, a process commonly termed as alliance learning. Both market‐specific and firm‐specific knowledge have implications on two main types of alliance learning, that of mutual and non‐mutual learning. Alliance managers need to be aware that knowledge is a key driver as well as a beneficial outcome in the formation of alliances. This paper examines how the different types of knowledge evolve and how these different types of knowledge impact upon alliance learning.
An Initial Look at Alternative Computing Technologies for the Intelligence Community

We have broadly surveyed the landscape of computing as it relates to the problems of interest to the intelligence community (IC). We find there is no single alternative computing technology (ACT) that is universally applicable to the wide range of IC applications, although there are particular solutions that are suited to individual application classes. We therefore recommend that the IC consider an application-driven, holistic design approach that spans a broad range of technologies and computational models. The application classes we considered were discrete math, big data, distributed sensing and processing, scientific/numerical simulation, robotics/autonomous systems. Holistic design could extend beyond a single technology to include integration of multiple, heterogeneous ACTs as needed to meet application/architecture requirements.
Vector-Axialvector Mixing in Hot Matter and Its Hadronic Effective Field Theory Description(RHIC Phenomenology/Theory,New Frontiers in QCD 2008-Fundamental Problems in Hot and/or Dense Matter-)

We discuss the importance of the axialvector meson in chiral phase transition at finite temperature. We show that there exists a significant contribution in the vector spectral function from the axialvector meson through the vector-axialvector mixing in hot matter.
Reconstruction in Moscow's historic centre: conservation, planning and finance strategies – the example of the Ostozhenka district

Reconstruction of the historic centre of Moscow and the construction of apartment blocks on the city's outskirts are the city's two main programmes within what must be regarded as its urban policy. With these priorities, the strategy of relying on a mixture of city and private investments, the city government's policies contribute to an increasing exclusiveness of the city centre. This process, which includes a process of gentrification, reflects the impact of the transition to a free-market economy. City planning and reconstruction projects are subject to the new, still chaotic, market opportunities and constraints while the soviet planning principles and organizations have not yet been replaced by efficient new ones. There is a lack of control and regulation, as well as a concentration of power in the mayoral cabinet on the one hand, but on the other hand, the finance strategies make large-scale regeneration possible. With entering the global economy, post-soviet Moscow is acquiring more traits of western, capitalist cities. These include marketing the centre's historic character, subsidising private investment, and a new residential segregation based on capital.
Shame and discipline: The practice and discourse of a “Confucian model” of management in a family firm in China:

At the height of economic globalization since the 1990s, neoliberal capitalism has been declared as the only game in town. Against the spread of the neoliberal capitalism from the West to the rest of the world is a growing trend of various local forms of capitalist practices or “spiritual economies.” Using the framework of global assemblage, this article examines how a “Confucian model” of management is put to practice in a self-acknowledged family firm in eastern Zhejiang, China. While the firm’s “Confucian model” of management contains a neoliberal logic of aiming at creating a more disciplined, ethical, and productive workforce, I argue that it is not an example of neoliberal capitalism. Moreover, I argue that the model is not an application of the earlier concept of Confucian capitalism engendered in other parts of Asia. Instead, it is a unique local assemblage consisting of three overlapping but heterogeneous components.
Remote Methods Researches of System "Base - Foundation - above Ground Building"

The opportunity of use of remote nonconventional methods for an estimation of system « base foundation superstructure » is shown raised radiation taking place in a working area. Scheduled positions of fractured zones marked in the basis of a builded building of the cultural tourist center in Zaporozhye on map and directly on locality, determined with use of biolocation effect, were identical. Results, which were received with use of biolocation methods, have confirmed with devices, geophysical researches and scientific experimental works on cementation detected of fractured zones.
Sedimentary Rocks of Gaoyuzhuang Formation of Mesoproterozoic in Jixian County and Its Geological Significance

The Proterczoic section in Jixian,Tianjin,is highly worthy of an integrated research.The Gaoyuzhuang formation plays a the key role of linking the old and new strata.Gaoyuzhuang formation is rather thick compared with the whole Proterczoic section,and it has multiple types of rocks with special origins.The main kinds of rocks include carbonate rocks,mudstone,silicalite,and quartz sandstone.The carbonate rocks are predominantly composed of pelsparite,nodular limestone,calcarenite,Molar-tooth carbonates,and other fine-grained dolomite.Silicalite includes chert and depositional quartz with textures of oolite and pebble.The quartz sandstone appears at the bottom of Gaoyuzhuang formation.The petrology shows that the depositional environment of the study area is carbonate tide-flat and shallow sea,which is also strongly affected by the volcanic materials and wind brought clastics from Gaoyuzhuang formation.Molar-tooth carbonates are expected to propel the study of the Proterczoic chronology and tectono-sedimentary evolution of North China.
The influence of institutions on individuals rationality from Adam Smith

The Neoclassical Theory assumes that individuals are essentially selfish and maximize the utility of their income, measured on some utility scale. It defines the rationality of individuals based on preference relations, which should not change by the context. However, it is a fact that individuals do not generally use these “market rules” with their families, friends, colleagues or in their neighborhoods. This behavior has been seen as “Bounded rationality” or “failures” in the individual’s behavior. The main objective of this paper is to explore this kind of behavior and pose some questions about how institutions influence the preferences and decisions of individuals in some contexts. The assumption we have is: In reality, the homo economicus considers context as additional information and reacts on that basis. He adapts to the community with which he interacts as a matter of “survival”. We conclude that there is a “Broader rationality” in that behavior, which goes beyond the one defined in the Neoclassical Theory, which is applicable in highly specific conditions.
Constructing Illegitimacy? Cartels 
and Cartel Agreements in Finnish Business Media from Critical Discursive Perspective

During the last decade, any questionable or illegal behaviour on the part of businesses has received considerable attention in the media. Using a critical discursive perspective, we here investigate how the media constructs one type of questionable business as illegitimate. Our data draw upon articles dealing with cartels and cartel agreements in Finnish business media covering the five year period 2002–2007. Our contributions are following: We add to the current literature on CSR and national businesses, suggesting that regardless of globalization socio-cultural history plays an important role in constructing the illegitimacy of business practices. We therefore emphasize the importance of media as an arena where social actors construct the social contract between business and society. We further contribute to studies on questionable business by reconstructing a discursive framework used to construct cartels and cartel agreements.
Influence of Mg particle size on the reactivity and superconducting properties of in situ MgB2

The effects of starting Mg particle size on the reactivity of Mg with B, and on remnant Mg in in situ MgB 2 , and their influence on the superconducting system are studied. Samples were prepared by a powder-in-sealed tube (PIST) method, heat treated at 850 °C for 2 h in air and were characterized using XRD, SEM and magnetization measurements. As the particle size of Mg powder increases, residual Mg increases significantly. The MgB 2 prepared using smaller sized Mg powder does not have any residual Mg and show the best infield critical current density ( J C ( H )).
Pseudo-exponentiation on algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero

We construct and study structures imitating the field of complex numbers with exponentiation. We give a natural, albeit non first-order, axiomatisation for the corresponding class of structures and prove that the class has a unique model in every uncountable cardinality. This gives grounds to conjecture that the unique model of cardinality continuum is isomorphic to the field of complex numbers with exponentiation.