nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
"She's a goddam liar": perspectives of truth in Aliens, Strange Days, and Titanic

Among the most expensive--and most profitable--films of all time, the works of James Cameron have had a profound effect upon popular culture and the technology of moviemaking. Yet the very blockbuster nature of his films means that the political commentary, cultural discourse and rich symbolism within the works are often overlooked. From The Terminator to Avatar, the director has evinced a persistence of themes, concerns and visions that capture the contemporary zeitgeist. This collection of essays on James Cameron's films, written by a diverse group of scholars from a wide range of disciplines, provides a comprehensive exploration of the work and legacy of one of America's foremost filmmakers.
Establishment and research on training plan of materials science and engineering which adapted to the social demand - Kunming university of science and technology

The progress and development of social civilization and economic will promote the advantage of materials science and engineering, while, it will put forward the corresponding requirements for talents. As the cradle of training talents, universities, in making talent cultivation plan and scheme, must follow the social demand. The construction of curriculum system should ensure that personnel training knowledge structure must adapt to social requirements. The curriculum should reflect the features of the development of the material science. The arrangement of teaching content should keep pace with the development of material science dynamics. The practical teaching content and arrangement should match with training goal.
Volcanism and petrogenesis in the S. Venanzo Area (Italy)

SummaryGeological and petrological investigations on the volcanic products of the S. Venanzo area (Central Italy) provided some new data, that allowed to understand its volcanic and petrogenetical history.The volcanic activity in the S. Venanzo zone may be sketched as follows:1)Pian di Celle Volcano. — An initial strongly explosive activity built up a tephra cone. A lava fountain activity followed, emplacing beds of welded scoriae. The volcanic activity ended with a quiet effusion of lava.2)S. Venanzo Volcano. — The activity consisted almost exclusively of ejections and lava fountains, that built up a cinder cone.
The progressive and intensive assimilation of limestones originated, in these volcanites, successive and complex mineral equilibria, with end products of carbonatitic type.Within the limits of the Pian di Celle lava flow such equilibria, together with the high gas content, produced pegmatite-like differentiations.
An optimization approach for parallel machine problems with dedication constraints: Combining simulation and capacity planning

The main idea of the presented new approach is to join a discrete event simulation (DES) and mathematical programming techniques (i.e. mixed integer programming, MIP) for optimization of complex manufacturing processes. Thereby, a DES model allows a detailed problem description. For a target oriented optimization several capacity allocation problems are solved by a MIP solver, reducing the degrees of freedom in the DES model. As an example atypical parallel machine scheduling problem arising in semiconductor industry was chosen. Different process constraints like machine dedications, setups, auxiliary resources and processing time dependences are discussed -- advantages and disadvantages of simulation-based and exact scheduling approaches are drafted. The investigated optimization goals comprise the reduction of total tardiness and setups efforts as well as a balanced machine utilization. Based on real manufacturing data of a wafer test area this approach is evaluated.
Asset Class Diversification and Delegation of Responsibilities between Central Banks and Sovereign Wealth Funds

This paper presents a model comparing the degree of asset class diversification abroad by a central bank and a sovereign wealth fund. We show that if the central bank manages its foreign asset holdings in order to meet balance of payments needs, particularly in reducing the probability of sudden stops in foreign capital inflows, it will place a high weight on holding safer foreign assets. In contrast, if the sovereign wealth fund, acting on behalf of the Treasury, maximizes the expected utility of a representative domestic agent, it will opt for relatively greater holding of more risky foreign assets. We also show how the diversification differences between the strategies of the bank and SWF are affected by the government's delegation of responsibilities and by various parameters of the economy, such as the volatility of equity returns and the total amount of public foreign assets available for management.
Application and Development of Nano-technology in Construction Materials

The basic concept,origination, development and its stratagem significance of nano-scale science and technology is summarized.The production, application and development of nano-meterials and nano-technol- ogy in recent years and the direct application and potential application value of nano-technology in construction materials field, such as ceramic materials of high strength and toughness,glass, plastic and ribber of nano-structure,bond, dope, lubricant and activator,special optical materials,concrete additive,new type defend materials,static screen shield materials,heat insulation materials, activation and sinter materials, and so on are discussed.
Towards a useful methodology discipline

Much has happened in the field of economic methodology since my first methodology book was published in 1982. And much has not happened. When my first book was published there were only four economic methodology books in the bookstores. There was Stanley Wong's Cambridge Ph.D. thesis [Wong 1978], Ian Stewart's textbook that comments on econometric methodology [Stewart 1979], Homa Katouzian's book that tried to link methodology to ideological disputes [Katouzian 1980], and Mark Blaug's 1980 book that evolved from being the closing chapter of the earlier editions of his famous history of thought textbook. While some theorists found Wong's book interesting, Katouzian's and Stewart's books were mostly ignored in North America. Only Blaug's book had any impact on mainstream economists, and then only on those economists who wished to be able to say something about methodology. Blaug's book was nevertheless a major turning point for those of us interested in the study of economic methodology. Not only did a well-respected publisher publish his book but also the author was well known as the result of the success of his history of economic thought textbook. And the success of his methodology book prompted another leading British publisher to take the plunge into economic methodology. As a consequence, in 1981, Geo. Allen and Unwin's economics editor, Nicholas Brealey, chose to publish my methodology book and Bruce Caldwell's book on the history of economic methodology. With the publishing of our two books in 1982, the explicit academic discipline of economic methodology was born. Today methodology sessions are a staple of every conference of the History of Economics Society in North America. In the last twenty years there have been many books and articles published that are exclusively devoted to economic methodology. But during the 1980s the promotion of methodology was limited to being a subsection of the history of economics discipline. It is interesting to note that when the American Economic Association introduced an itemized list of books and articles in 1963 with its The Journal of Economic Abstracts, methodology was grouped with 'General Economics' and history of thought was a separate category. But when this journal was
Changing Continuing Medical Education.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Dr Hatta reported receiving lecture honoraria from Astellas, Dainippon-Sumitomo, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Meiji Seika, Otsuka, Pfizer, Takeda, and TanabeMitsubishi. Dr Kishi reported receiving honoraria from Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Mochida, MSD, Otsuka, Pfizer, Shionogi, Takeda, and Tsumura; and serving as consultant for Meiji Seika. Dr Wada reported receiving honoraria from Eisai, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Meiji Seika, MSD, Novartis, Otsuka, Pfizer, Shionogi, Takeda, Kyowahakko-Kirin, and Tanabe-Mitsubishi.
Kinetics of Ca+ adsorption and cationic selectivity with a synaptic membrane protein

A study was conducted on the adsorption of 45 Ca 2+ to a surface film of a hydrophobic protein derived from synaptic membranes isolated from bovine cerebellum. A kinetic analysis of Ca 2+ displacement from the protein by various metal and organic cations could be described by a rate law based on diffusion and displacement. The relative rate constants for the displacement of bound Ca 2+ were in the order Li + + , Rb + + + , NH 4 + . Among the alkaline earth series the sequence was Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ 2+ . Ca 2+ adsorption could be described by a theoretical formulation which takes into account an interfacial energy and potential barrier as well as the diffusional process. An attempt was made to consider the effect of energy of hydration of the cations, surface charge, and the chemical environment at the interface on catonic selectivity. The behavior of the cations in this system significantly resemble their behavior in natural membranes, particularly excitatory ones. The structural and physicochemical environment of the protein at the interface is discussed in relation to Ca 2+ binding and cationic selectivity.
A Flexible Fitness Function for Community Detection in Complex Networks

Most community detection algorithms from the literature work as optimization tools that minimize a given \textit{fitness function}, while assuming that each node belongs to a single community. Since there is no hard concept of what a community is, most proposed fitness functions focus on a particular definition. As such, these functions do not always lead to partitions that correspond to those observed in practice. This paper proposes a new flexible fitness function that allows the identification of communities with distinct characteristics. Such flexibility was evaluated through the adoption of an immune-inspired optimization algorithm, named cob-aiNet[C], to identify both disjoint and overlapping communities in a set of benchmark networks. The results have shown that the obtained partitions are much closer to the ground-truth than those obtained by the optimization of the modularity function.
Thermal Properties of Doped Azopolyester and its Application

The thermal properties of doped Azopolyester were obtained by solution casting technique. Many theories have been suggested by various thermal stability mechanisms in organic solids. Since the polymers of the present study behave like semiconductors, these theories may be extended to explain thermal stability. In this section, the thermal stability theories proposed by O'Dwyer, TGA analysis, and measurements were discussed. The thermal stability properties reveal that the conductivity is appreciable in the temperature ranging from 30°C to 70°C (303 to 343K) and when it is more than 70°C (343 K) the conductivity is drastically reduced and polymeric blends undergo a gradual weight loss in the temperature ranging from 400-800°C due to attributed loss of volatile solvents trapped in the polymer. These studies are done with the help of O'Dwyer basic theory of thermal stability.
Framing the Text-Image Relationship in Henry Suso’s Exemplar

At the end of his life, the Dominican monk and mystical author Henry Suso (ca. 1295-1366) begun the Exemplar, a compilation of his German works made with the help of his spiritual daughter, Elsbeth Stagel. Besides the fact that Suso offers in this book a complex discourse on the role of images in mystical experience, the most striking aspect of the Exemplar lies in the fact that in many manuscripts (and in the two early printed versions as well), the texts of the compilation are accompanied by drawings or engravings. More than simple illustrations of the text, these images add another level of interpretation. They work together with the text in order to produce meaning. In this paper, I will focus on the theoretical concept of frame (as it is used in art history and literary studies) as a paradigm destined to study the complex text-image relationship that is found in the Exemplar. Indeed, the frame appears as a cognitive tool that allows us to rethink the (inter-)dependence of text and images in this work.
Corporate Governance, Political Involvement, and Internationalization: An Empirical Investigation in Japan and Taiwan

This paper investigates the effects of intervention by government and financial institutions on the degree of internationalization in Japan and Taiwan, with particular attention to the impact of the main bank system and the system of amakudari (the appointment of retired bureaucrats to the boards of public companies). The empirical results indicate that companies with a higher degree of internationalization have boards with stronger monitoring ability and therefore can fend off intervention by government. On the other hand, a negative relationship is established between the presence of retired bureaucrats on boards (amakudari) and the subsequent degree of internationalization. Similarly, intervention by financial institutions results in a lower subsequent degree of internationalization. Thus, although representatives of government and financial institutions may attempt to use their influence to prompt international expansion, the monitoring ability of the board may be jeopardized, to the detriment of internationalization.
When Is Watch and See Warranted? A Response to Paul's 1996 Article, Clinical Implications of the Natural History of Slow Expressive Language Development

We commend Paul for undertaking an investigation that concerns critical clinical and theoretical issues. This type of longitudinal developmental research is exactly what is needed to advance the scientific basis of our profession. We also respect Paul's attempt to construct a firm bridge between her findings and their clinical implications. The necessary and sufficient data that completely solve a clinical problem are rarely available. Because clinicians do not have the luxury of waiting until the best data imaginable are collected and analyzed before acting, it is helpful for researchers to generalize their results to the extent possible. However, because of its potential clinical, economic, and educational implications, we believe that a broad social policy like Paul's "watch and see" recommendation should be based on unambiguous evidence. We have suggested that a number of the children in Paul's cohort may have been within the normal range in language development at the beginning of the study. Without ...
Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people with severe mental illness position statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

People with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, depression or bipolar disorder, have worse physical health and reduced life expectancy compared to the general population. The excess cardiovascular mortality associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is attributed in part to an increased risk of the modifiable coronary heart disease risk factors; obesity, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Antipsychotic medication and possibly other psychotropic medication like antidepressants can induce weight gain or worsen other metabolic cardiovascular risk factors. Patients may have limited access to general healthcare with less opportunity for cardiovascular risk screening and prevention than would be expected in a non-psychiatric population. The European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) published this statement with the aim of improving the care of patients suffering from severe mental illness. The intention is to initiate cooperation and shared care between the different healthcare professionals and to increase the awareness of psychiatrists and primary care physicians caring for patients with severe mental illness to screen and treat cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes.
Computational Soundness of Formal Indistinguishability and Static Equivalence

In the investigation of the relationship between the formal and the computational view of cryptography, a recent approach, first proposed in , uses static equivalence from cryptographic pi calculi as a notion of formal indistinguishability. Previous work [10,1] has shown that this yields the soundness of natural interpretations of some interesting equational theories, such as certain cryptographic operations and a theory of XOR. In this paper however, we argue that static equivalence is too coarse to allow sound interpretations of many natural and useful equational theories. We illustrate this with several explicit examples in which static equivalence fails to work. To fix the problem, we propose a notion of formal indistinguishability that is more flexible than static equivalence. We provide a general framework along with general theorems, and then discuss how this new notion works for the explicit examples where static equivalence fails to ensure soundness.
Synthesis and characterization of quaternary Ti–Si–C–N coatings prepared by a hybrid deposition technique

Ti–Si–C–N coatings have been deposited on WC–Co substrates by a hybrid system combining the arc ion plating (AIP) and sputtering techniques using Ti and Si targets in an Ar/N 2 /CH 4 gaseous mixture. Ti–Si–C–N coatings with a Si content of 8.9 at.% had a fine composite microstructure comprising nano-sized crystallites of Ti(C,N) surrounded by amorphous phase of Si 3 N 4 /SiC mixture. The micro-hardness value of the Ti–Si–C–N coatings under a load of 25 g was ∼55 GPa, i.e., much larger than ∼30 GPa for Ti–C–N coatings. In addition, the average friction coefficient of the Ti–Si–C–N coatings largely decreased with increasing Si content. In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–Si–C–N coatings were systematically investigated using instrumental analyses.
Money, Barter and Inflation in Russia

Using a macroeconometric framework, this paper analyses relationships among money, barter and inflation in Russia during the transition period. Following the development of a theoretical framework that introduces barter in a standard small open economy macro model, we estimate our model using structural cointegration and vector error correction methods. Our findings suggest that barter has resulted partly from output losses and partly from a reduction in real money balances, but to a lesser extent. There is some evidence that the effect of barter on prices is less than that of money. We also find that increases in barter are affected by banking failure. Our results imply that a macro model that excludes barter fails to capture all the relevant information for inference on money and inflation in Russia.
Art Made Political: The Story of M.F. Hussain

Art always "speaks". It speaks of the political, socio-economic scenario in which it was made. We know that art has also often been used to convey a message. So there is "political art". However, not just the production but the interpretation of art has also been political. A particular interpretation of art has been used in and for politics. This is well-exemplified in the case of the controversial painter M.F. Hussain. Through this article, I attempt to present the politics constructed around his art.
THE MINDYAK PALAEOZOIC LHERZOLITE OPHIOLITE, SOUTHERN URALS: GEOCHEMISTRY AND GEOCHRONOLOGY

The Mindyak ophiolite, Southern Urals, preserves metamorphic garnet- and amphibole-bearing blocks, along with a diverse assemblage of ocean crust-derived clasts, in a serpentinite tectonic breccia in contact with its spinel-plagioclase/spinel lherzolite mantle and wehrlite/clinopyroxenite transition zone sequences. On the basis of petrological and geochemical data we suggest that the mantle section preserves variably depleted lherzolites generated by a two-stage process involving melting followed by magma-mantle interaction in a supra-subduction zone setting. The garnetiferous rocks are interpreted as high-temperature metamorphosed, rodingitized ocean crust gabbros that subsequently underwent later stage low-temperature retrogression. Previously determined radiometric U-Pb and Pb-Pb dates of 410–415 Ma, at the Silurian-Devonian boundary, for the peak metamorphic event affecting the metagabbros are confirmed with new Sm-Nd radiometric data. The complex, multistage evolution of the garnet metagabbros and their preservation in the Mindyak lherzolitic ophiolite massif give insights into processes from plate divergence and ocean formation, to plate convergence and, ultimately, to preservation in the Uralian orogeny.
Umbralized Umbral Operators

In this paper we shall present a theory which arises from the "umbralization" of umbra I operators. The English translation of the Latin word "umbra" is "shadow". Let {an}n;;.O denote a sequence of numbers or polynomials. Umbral operations on the given sequence {an}n;;.O were originally understood as formal manipulations in which, first, one "pretends" that the sequence in question is the power sequence {a n}n;;.O, then one performs the desired operations, and finally one lowers all the exponents to their "shadows" (or subscripts), thereby obtaining valid identities for the sequence {an}n;;.O. One such umbral operation is the umbral composition of polynomial sequences. Let {an (x )}n;;.O and {bn (x )}n;;.O denote sequences of polynomials, and suppose
A programme for a problem-free cosmology within the framework of a rich class of scalar-tensor theories

A search for a problem-free cosmology within the framework of an effective non-minimally coupled scalar-tensor theory is suggested. With an appropriate choice of couplings in variants of a Lee-Wick model (as also in a model supporting Q-ball solutions), non-topological solutions (NTSs), varying in size up to 10 kpc to 1 Mpc can exist. We explore the properties of a `toy' Milne model containing a distribution of NTS domains. The interior of these domains would be regions where effective gravitational effects would be indistinguishable from those expected in standard Einstein theory. For a large class of non-minimal coupling terms and the scalar effective potential, the effective cosmological constant vanishes identically. The model passes classical cosmological tests and we describe reasons to expect it to fare well as regards nucleosynthesis and structure formation.
The π-inductive effect of the ammonio (NH3+) group

The influence of the-NH3+group on the π electronic structures of 1-azulenyl and 1-naphthyl ammonium cations has been investigated. Using the potential of Bishop and Craig a reasonable account of the electronic spectra and charge distributions in the two molecules has been obtained within the framework of the Pariser-Parr-Pople SCF MO method.ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß der-NH3+-Gruppe auf die π-Elektronenstruktur des 1-Azulenyl- und des 1-Naphthyl-ammoniumkations wurde untersucht. Mit dem von Bishop und Craig angegebenen Potential wurden im Rahmen der PPP-Methode befriedigende Ergebnisse für Elektronenspektren und Ladungsverteilungen der beiden Moleküle erhalten.RésuméEtude de l'influence du groupe NH3+sur les structures électroniques π des cations 1-azulenyl et 1-naphtyl ammonium. En utilisant le potentiel de Bishop et Craig on rend compte raisonnablement du spectre électronique et des distributions de charge dans ces deux molécules dans le cadre de la méthode SCF de Pariser-Parr-Pople.