nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Remote sensing and geological investigation of Okemesi area, southwestern Nigeria

Lithological and structural studies of the area around Okemesi were carried out using a remotely sensed Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat ™) imagery coupled with geological ground truth. The ground truth exercise was essentially a reconnaissance geological mapping of the area done after the completion of the digital image processing of the landsat imagery. 
Four lithological units including quartzites, granites, schists and migmatites with well-defined boundaries were recognised on the landsat imagery. This is in contrast to the five lithologies-quartzite, granite, schist, migmatite and gneiss mapped in the area during ground truth. Structures such as fractures (lineaments) and folds were also observed in the area from the Landsat imagery and during ground truth. The recognised folds in the area include overturned folds and assymetrical folds. The fold axial plane trends in a NNE-SSW on the imagery and bears imprints of different episodes of tectonic deformation. The most striking megascopic feature on the imagery is the Okemesi antiform, which forms N-S trending ridge and the Imesi-Ile granite batholith which also occupies the north western portion on the imagery.
Two distinct fault sets were recognised on the imagery. The major one is a part of Ifewara fault which is curvilinear and runs nearly parallel to the strike of the quartzites; while the minor ones occur as fractures and are found on the quartzite limbs. A tectonic model of evolution involving the existence of proto oceans is proposed for the area. The opening of one of the oceans enables the deposition of metasediments of pelitic to greywacke affinity in a quiet environment coupled with back-arc subduction, the back-arc subduction of the metasediments and the accompanying metamorphism in addition with other geological processes in the mantle led to the emplacement of rocks of different varieties in the area. The existence of a weathered ultramafic rock south east of Ilesha represents an ophiolite suture zone marked by the Ifewara fault.
The study has shown the benefits of the applications of remote-sensing technology for socio-economic development in a developing country like Nigeria, and also other African countries.
In Conflict and Community A Century of Turbulence Working and Living in Groups

This article examines the century-long pairing of international wars followed by periods of resurgent interest in group psychotherapy and community-based treatment. It then focuses on the evolution of group and community treatment models, drawing on the work of Sigmund Freud, Trigant Burrow, Wilfred Bion, S. H. Foulkes, and Eric Berne to explore and illustrate the societal functions and difficulties of living and working in groups. The author offers his personal reflections on working with groups and concludes with a discussion of how group analytic models can extend the traditional models of transactional analysis group treatment to enhance the capacity of members to work with conflict, difference, and unconscious projections.
Clifford and Graßmann Hopf algebras via the BIGEBRA package for Maple

Hopf algebraic structures will replace groups and group representations as the leading paradigm in forthcoming times. K -theory, co-homology, entanglement, statistics, representation categories, quantized or twisted structures as well as more geometric topics of invariant theory, e.g., the Grasmann–Cayley bracket algebra, are all covered by the Hopf algebraic framework. The new branch of experimental mathematics allows one to easily enter these fields through direct calculations using symbolic manipulation and computer algebra system (CAS). We discuss problems which were solved when building the BIGEBRA package for Maple and CLIFFORD to handle tensor products, Grasmann and Clifford algebras, coalgebras and Hopf algebras. Recent results showing the usefulness of CAS for investigating new and involved mathematics provide us with examples. An outlook on further developments is given.
CAPITAL FLOWS AND BANKING SYSTEM FRAGILITY

Financial intermediation in emerging economies is almost always bank-dominated: that is, the bulk of capital inflows is channeled through the domestic banking system. Concern about the linkages and interactions among domestic financial institutions and foreign investors arises from the fact that they have played a crucial role in most of the key financial events in the developing world during the last several decades. As most of the flows intermediated through the domestic banking system are short run flows dependant on portfolio decisions, their effects on the banking system depend on the factors that affect those decisions. The instability of bank deposits has been studied in the literature, and “contagion” runs have been the main factor identified in banking crises: Uncertainty about the soundness of the banking sector generates a preference for liquidity. Then, the “first-come, first-served” process whereby deposits are paid out to depositors starts a run. Following this same line of thinking, this paper focuses on banking crises stemming from a change in international financial market conditions or from agent fear of a possible devaluation. Whatever the reason for withdrawals, banks face a so-called liquidity risk, the inability to obtain funding to satisfy current obligations. Bank balance sheets show the true nature of this problem.
African Dance: An Artistic, Historical and Philosophical Inquiry

It is widely held that religion in Africa cannot be separated from other aspects of life. One cannot read this book without reaching a similar conclusion. Kariamu Welsh Asante has skilfully organised the contributions into a multi-faceted analysis of African culture by focusing specifically on the medium of dance, which the con tributors to the volume link in various ways with religious expressions. This is accomplished under four headings all dealing with tradition. The first examines tradition itself followed by sections on tradition and continuity, tradition transformed and tradition contextualised. The pervasiveness of religion in African culture is made particularly clear in the first article by the late Pearl Primus, to whom the book is dedicated. Primus provides the reader with a vivid sense of what it feels like to experience African dance, which she describes as being so ‘hypnotic’ that it draws the dancer ‘nearer and nearer to the centre of ‘All-Being”’. This is why, Primus argues, those who wish to understand African dance should learn also about African religions. This theme of a holistic world-view in traditional Africa is supported in a subsequent article by Doris Green who describes African dance as imitating all aspects of life including eating, pounding corn, hunting, fishing, self-defence and sexual activity. She also draws attention to the importance of dancing in con nection with life cycle rituals, particularly those surrounding puberty. Esilokun Kinni-Olusanyin follows this theme by demonstrating how the central feature of the drum in African ritual dances contributes to a holistic experience by forming a complete expression of ‘symmetrical, consonant concert of sound and animated movement, colour and form’. Robert Nicholls of the University of the Virgin Islands intro duces the section on ‘Tradition and Continuity’ by arguing that indigenous cultures are ‘functional social instruments’ that over dance research
Journalism Research and the Hierarchy of Influences Model: A Global Perspective

My emphasis in this article is on international and global approaches to journalism research. And my challenge is to consider some integrative and global contexts for that task. I have always advocated setting up clear conceptual levels of analysis in examining media questions within the emerging communication subfeld in the U.S. of media sociology. The work of my colleague Pam Shoemaker and me began with this idea to consider the various levels of infuence of shaping media content (SHOEMAKER & REESE, 1996). I took this a step further in approaching similar questions of relevance to “global journalism” (REESE, 2001) and continue to be interested in those issues.
UNIVERSAL DEVELOPING MODEL OF SCIENCE AND PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY——Illustrated with Human Geography

This article is composed of five parts. Firstly,the author introduces KuhnS Theory of Paradigm and his Model of Scientific Progress that will be reworked with synergetics afterwards as the theoretic framework and base for analyzing scientific problems in geographical field. Secondly,the author attempts to analyze the history of Geography by offering the time,characteristics,important contributions and great geographers and so on. To prepare for analyzing the Geographical crisis in the forth part,this part lays stress on demonstrating the principles of scientific crisis and revolution with Synergetics. And then,the author sums up the paradigm of contemporary human geography,which consists of 9 items. In the forth part,after examining the history of Geography the author assumes that the latest geographical crisis is induced by two things,including:①the lacking of logical system in geography as the intrinsic factor;②the influence of the information revolution on geography as the extrinsic factor. The author thinks the crisis portends a scientific revolution in geography on hand,after which the geographical paradigm will be constructed,and then the thinking and behavior of the geographical community will transform. So,finally two tasks in geography are come foreword:reconstructing geographys logical system and meeting the challenge of the information revolution.
Performance analysis using J48 decision tree for Indian corporate world

The Indian economy can possibly turn into the world's third biggest economy by the following decade, and one of the biggest economies by mid-century. What's more, the viewpoint for transient development is additionally great as indicated by the IMF, the Indian economy is the “splendid spot” in the worldwide scene, this paper analyses the most important factor that will result in understanding the Public-Private sector companies growth in India, using data mining techniques.
Managing and Controlling Extrabudgetary Funds

This paper addresses issues relating to the establishment and financial management of extrabudgetary funds (EBFs), a large group of government entities that on average accounts for 40 to 45 percent of central government expenditure-two-thirds of which represents social security funds-in countries at various stages of development. If improperly designed and managed, EBFs can undermine effective fiscal control. However, they also bring potential benefits in the form of greater autonomy of decision-making in countries with well-established governance and financial management systems that have applied the "agency model" of devolved public management and fiscal control. The paper develops a typology of EBFs and argues that EBFs are frequently created because of failures in the budget system and political economy factors that need to be recognized and, where possible, corrected. The paper recommends that data on EBFs be consolidated within a unified system of fiscal reporting and proposes an analytical framework that governments might use to evaluate the effectiveness and utility of their EBFs.
Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical and Functional Predictors of Efficacy.

International guidelines recommend the inclusion of patients with bronchiectasis in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) to improve exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). At present, the effect of PR in these patients has been poorly investigated.



The aim of our retrospective analysis was to evaluate the effects and predictors of success for a PR program in patients with bronchiectasis not related to cystic fibrosis (non-CF bronchiectasis).



One hundred and thirty-five non-CF bronchiectasis inpatients, allocated to a 3-week PR program, were retrospectively evaluated. Exercise capacity (6-min walk distance, 6MWD), dyspnea (Baseline/Transition Dyspnea Index, BDI/TDI), and HRQoL [EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS)] were assessed before and after PR. The relationship between baseline parameters and changes in outcome measures after PR was assessed. Both univariate and multiple logistic analyses were performed to evaluate the presence of independent predictors of the efficacy of PR.



One hundred and eight patients [49 males, mean age 71 years, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 76% predicted] were included. After PR, there was a significant improvement in 6MWD, TDI, and EQ-VAS score (p < 0.001). Changes in 6MWD and EQ-VAS score correlated with baseline FEV1, FEV1/vital capacity (VC), residual volume, transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide, and the number of exacerbations in the previous year. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that male gender, baseline FEV1/VC <70%, and >2 exacerbations in the previous year were independent predictors of PR efficacy in terms of an improvement in 6MWD.



Our study supports the inclusion of patients with bronchiectasis in PR programs. Clinical and functional baseline findings partially predict the response to PR in terms of exercise tolerance. Further prospective, randomized, controlled trials are needed.
Magnetoimpedance of Amorphous Ribbons with Polymer Covering

Magnetic properties and magnetoimpedance were studied for as-cast Fe5Co75Si4B16 rapidly quenched amorphous ribbons and Fe5Co75Si4B16/polymer amorphous ribbon based composites with the following polymer coverings: modified rubber solution in o-xylene, copolymer solution of butyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid in isopropanol and solution of polymethylphenyl resin in toluene. All selected composites showed very good adhesion of the coverings and allowed us to provide long term temperature measurements, including measurements under stress. Polymer coverings have an effect on the temperature sensitivity of the impedance value. The present study demonstrates the promising future for the development of magnetically active conductor/polymer composites for creating new sensors. Modification of the composition and thickness of the polymer coverings can be the basis for creation of the detectors with a unique set of functional properties. Polymer covering can perform the protective and reinforcing role that is particularly important in the case of nanocrystalline alloys and the polymer covering can also affect and improve the functional properties of the magnetic core.
Cherished Torment: The Emotional Geography of Lady Mary Wroth's "Urania"

Cherished Torment offers the first detailed account of the intellectual foundation of the first prose romance published by a woman in English: The Countess of Montgomery's Urania, written by Lady Mary Wroth, the niece of Sir Philip Sidney. Part one, printed in 1621, prompted an intense outcry due to Lady Mary Wroth's thinly veiled representation of actual events in the lives of prominent families. It was not republished until 1995. The remainder of Urania, published in 2000, marks the first opportunity for most readers to experience this 600,000-word romance firsthand. The Urania's lengthy text may initially appear daunting, but Cavanagh argues that the romance rewards its readers with a richly textured narrative that artfully engages with numerous aesthetic, literary and intellectual concerns from the early seventeenth century, including race relations, tensions between Christianity and the occult, global expansion and the composition of the universe. A sophisticated and erudite study, Cherished Torment moves beyond the intriguing and scandalous events of Wroth's personal life that have understandably captivated the attention of many modern readers to a closer look at the latter's masterful integration of the issues fueling her era's political, scientific and philosophical debates. Cavanagh's important study will enable readers to better recognize and appreciate Urania's intellectual heritage.
Any ground associative-commutative theory has a finite canonical system

It is shown that theories presented by a set of ground equations with several associative-commutative (AC) symbols always admit a finite canonical system. This result is obtained through the construction of a reduction ordering that is AC-compatible and total on the set of congruence classes generated by the associativity and commutativity axioms. As far as we know, this is the first ordering with such properties when several AC-function symbols and free-function symbols are allowed. Such an ordering is also a fundamental tool for deriving a complete theorem proving strategies with built-in associative commutative unification.
Substituent effects on nitrogen isotope fractionation during abiotic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds.

Compound-specific analysis of nitrogen isotope fractionation is an important tool for assessing transformation pathways of N-containing organic contaminants. We investigated 15N-fractionation during the abiotic reduction of a series of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) with intrinsic reactivities covering almost 6 orders of magnitude to evaluate substituent effects on 15N kinetic isotope effects, KIEN. Insights into reaction mechanisms and isotopic elementary reactions of NAC reduction were obtained from comparison of experimental results to density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of intrinsic KIEN. Apparent KIEN values for reduction of NACs by structural Fe(II) in octahedral layers of an iron-rich clay mineral were substantial (average +la of 1.038 +/- 0.003), independent of the NACs' reactivity and ring substituent, and larger than reported previously for reduction by Fe(II) species bound to Fe(III)(oxy)hydroxides and mercaptojuglone species (1.031 +/- 0.002). DFT-calculations accounting for semiclassical contributions and quantum-mechanical tunneling yielded a KIEN for N-O bond cleavage between 1.031 and 1.041, showed no substituent effect, and thus agreed well with experimental observations. Calculated transition-state structures of NAC reduction intermediates were consistent with H2O elimination from substituted N,N-dihydroxyanilines as the predominant 15N-fractionating elementary reaction. The absence of substituent effects on the apparent KIEN of NAC reduction may simplify the practical application of 15N-fractionation data for the quantification of contaminant transformation in the environment.
Sharing Logistics Information Across Organizations: Technology, Competition and Contracting

Information technology has altered the way companies manage their supply chains, and has resulted in a variety of new inter-organizational logistics management approaches. Many partners who are adjacent on the supply chain can both gain from sharing information that was previously accessible to only one of them; this situation is typical in retailer-supplier interactions. Our study analyzes these different kinds of virtually intergrated corporations and classify them based on the impact that the information shared has on the contracting parties.
Handbills, Tissues, and Condoms: A Site of Engagement for the Construction of Identity in Public Discourse

This study develops an analysis of one site of engagement of public discourse in which identity is socially constructed. Through an analysis of the handing out of handbills in public places, the study argues that such sites of engagement are socially constructed through activities such as handing, a social situation frame in which there are expectations on appropriate behaviors, a regulatory frame of civic responsibility, and a generic frame in which the text itself implies a reader or receiver. The study argues that in such sites of engagement identities are imputed, claimed, ratified or contested and that the ascription of identity is, therefore, inherent in the activities at the sites of engagement in which this discourse takes place. Thus public discourse is argued to be inherently constitutive of social identity.
Investigation of Electronic Ceramic Fibers for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Advanced Composites.

A discussion is presented on the feasibility of developing and using crystal-bearing filaments as sensors in the non-destructive evaluation of fiber-reinforced plastic structural materials. The fibers or filaments contain crystalline oxidic materials commonly referred to as electronic ceramics. Compositions investigated include ferroelectric potassium sodium niobate, lithium niobate, lead germanate, lead germanium silicate, lead zirconate titanate, and a magnetic ferrite. These electronic ceramic compositions were dissolved in compatible molten glass, shaped, annealed, and cooled to room temperature. The test shapes (filaments and disks) were then heat- treated to precipitate (exsolve) the material that had been put in solution. Progress is reported in the preparation and processing of these materials. Devitrified filaments were incorporated into test composites, with an epoxy-novalac matrix, and were subjected to preliminary electrical measurements. The effects of glass content and microstructure on electrical properties are reported.
On Einstein causality and time asymmetry in quantum physics

A theorem of Hegerfeldt shows that if the spectrum of the Hamiltonian is bounded from below, then the propagation speed of certain probabilities does not have an upper bound. We prove a theorem analogous to Hegerfeldt's that appertains to asymmetric time evolutions given by a semigroup of operators. As an application, we consider a characterization of relativistic quasistable states by irreducible representations of the causal Poincare semigroup and study the implications of the new theorem for this special case.
Peralkaline acid volcanic rocks of oceanic islands

Occurrences of peralkaline acid volcanic rocks on oceanic islands are reviewed. Peralkaline differentiates are usually associated with mildly alkaline or transitional basalts and often with related sodic intermediate rocks. A compositional gap between basaltic and salic rocks is not invariably present. Although a comenditic end member is more usual in the oceanic suites, pantellerites are particularly well developed on Socorro Island and also on Gran Canaria where they form extensive ignimbrite sheets.There may be a genetic distinction between peralkaline rocks of islands which lie near the crests of oceanic rises and those which are built on broad submarine plateaux.
Some Combinatorial and Algorithmic Applications of the Borsuk–Ulam Theorem

The Borsuk–Ulam theorem has many applications in algebraic topology, algebraic geomtry, and combinatorics. Here we study some combinatorial consequences, typically asserting the existence of a certain combinatorial object. An interesting aspect is the computational complexity of algorithms that search for the object. The study of these algorithms is facilitated by direct combinatorial existence proofs that bypass Borsuk–Ulam.
Surgeons and intensive care units.

.—I wish to comment on the provocative editorial by Dr Sugerman (Archives1982;117:391). Compared with a well-reasoned, thoughtful editorial by Skillman that appeared in theArchivespreviously, 1 Dr Sugerman's article is, at best, a plea for "turf protection." I also got the impression that Dr Sugerman is unable to look beyond university medical centers, which traditionally have ignored organization and supervision of critical care units. The survey by Machiedo et al, in fact, supports this observation. 2 Less than 50% of the intensive care unit (ICU) directors at academic centers answered consultations. Almost half (47%) of the respondents stated that there were no formal lectures on topics specific to critical care for the resident staff. The key to house officers' learning is supervision at the bedside. Without any real involvement with patient care, ICU directors traditionally serve as referees between various consultants, nurses, and respiratory therapists.