nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Reevaluating Data Stall Time with the Consideration of Data Access Concurrency

Data access delay has become the prominent performance bottleneck of high-end computing systems. The key to reducing data access delay in system design is to diminish data stall time. Memory locality and concurrency are the two essential factors influencing the performance of modern memory systems. However, existing studies in reducing data stall time rarely focus on utilizing data access concurrency because the impact of memory concurrency on overall memory system performance is not well understood. In this study, a pair of novel data stall time models, the L-C model for the combined effort of locality and concurrency and the P-M model for the effect of pure miss on data stall time, are presented. The models provide a new understanding of data access delay and provide new directions for performance optimization. Based on these new models, a summary table of advanced cache optimizations is presented. It has 38 entries contributed by data concurrency while only has 21 entries contributed by data locality, which shows the value of data concurrency. The L-C and P-M models and their associated results and opportunities introduced in this study are important and necessary for future data-centric architecture and algorithm design of modern computing systems.
Decoding network codes by message passing

In this paper, we show how to construct a factor graph from a network code. This provides a systematic framework for decoding using message passing algorithms. The proposed message passing decoder exploits knowledge of the underlying communications network topology to simplify decoding. For uniquely decodeable linear network codes on networks with error-free links, only the message supports (rather than the message values themselves) are required to be passed. This proposed simplified support message algorithm is an instance of the sum-product algorithm. Our message-passing framework provides a basis for the design of network codes and control of network topology with a view toward quantifiable complexity reduction in the sink terminals.
Trace element geochemistry of paleozoic amphibolites from S. W. Spain

Mid-grade low P/high T Paleozoic amphibolites from Acebuches (S. W. Spain) represent a mostly isochemically metamorphosed basaltic suite which is partly cumulative and partly differentiated. They have chemical compositions and element variations similar to ocean-floor tholeiites. The amphibolites may be related to the early stages of rapid rifting during the formation of the Variscan belt.
Theoretical Considerations for a Geosynchronous, Earth-Based Gravity Wave Interferometer

We investigated theoretical considerations in the design of an Earth-based laser interferometer for detecting gravitational waves. Our design envisages a ground-based tracking station in communication with two geosynchronous satellites. We assumed linearized gravitational waves in a Schwarzschild spacetime geometry outside the Earth. Our initial calculations show that such a design is sufficiently sensitive to successfully detect gravitational waves near Earth.
Factors associated with the incidence of serious adverse events in patients admitted with COPD acute exacerbation

BackgroundAcute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a common cause of hospitalization. Patient outcome and prognosis following AECOPD are variable. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with the incidence of serious adverse events (SAE), defined as need for ICU admission, noninvasive ventilation, death during hospitalization or early readmission, in those patients admitted with AECOPD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study by reviewing the medical records of all patients admitted with AECOPD in the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela in 2007 and 2008. To identify variables independently associated with SAE incidence, we conducted a logistic regression including those variables which proved to be significant in the univariate analysis.Results757 patients were assessed (mean age 74.8 years, SD 11.26), 77.2 % male, and 186 (24.6 %) of the patients assessed experienced an SAE. Factors associated with SAE in multivariate analysis were anticholinergic therapy (OR 3.19; CI 95 %: 1.16; 8.82), oxygen therapy at home (OR 3.72; CI 95 %: 1.62; 8.57), oxygen saturation at admission (OR 0.93; CI 95 %: 0.88; 0.99) and serum albumin (OR 0.26; CI 95 %: 0.1; 0.66).ConclusionOxygen therapy at home, anticholinergic therapy as baseline treatment, lower oxygen saturation at admission and lower serum albumin level seem to be associated with higher incidence of SAE in patients with AECOPD.
Anesthetic issues and perioperative blood pressure management in patients who have cerebrovascular diseases undergoing surgical procedures.

Patients who have cerebrovascular disease and vascular insufficiency routinely have neurosurgical and nonneurosurgical procedures. Anesthetic priorities must provide a still bloodless operative field while maintaining cardiovascular stability and renal function. Patients who have symptoms or a history of cerebrovascular disease are at increased risk for stroke, cerebral hypoperfusion, and cerebral anoxia. Type of surgery and cardiovascular status are key concerns when considering neuroprotective strategies. Optimization of current condition is important for a good outcome; risks must be weighed against perceived benefits in protecting neurons. Anesthetic use and physiologic manipulations can reduce neurologic injury and assure safe and effective surgical care when cerebral hypoperfusion is a real and significant risk.
Memory and memorials : from the French Revolution to World War One

Focusing on the "long" nineteenth century, from the French Revolution to the beginnings of Modernism, this book examines the significance of memory in this era of turbulent social change. Through investigation of science, literature, history and the visual arts, the authors explore theories of memory and the cultural and literary resonances of memorializing. Drawing on the work of many of the most influential literary figures of the period, such as Tennyson, Scott, and Hardy, Memory and Memorials explores key topics such as: gender and memory; Victorian psychological theories of memory; and cultural constructions in literature, science, history and architecture. Memory and Memorials: From the French Revolution to World War One employs a range of new and influential interdisciplinary methodologies. It offers both a fresh theoretical understanding of the period, and a wealth of empirical material of use to the historian, literary critic or social psychologist.
Responses by neuropaediatricians to a palliative care questionnaire

Up to 70% of children currently treated by Palliative Care Units in Europe are neurological patients. Our objective is to assess the knowledge, interest and involvement in paediatric palliative care (PPC) among Spanish paediatric neurologists.  We contacted 297 neuropaediatricians by and attached a 10-question multiple choice test. This questionnaire was related to the level of knowledge of PPC, identification of patients requiring this specific care, involvement of a paediatric neurologist, use of local palliative resources, and formal training in this subject.  Participation rate was 32% (96/297). Around 90% knew the definition of PPC, could identify patients with a short-term survival prognosis, and had treated children who eventually died due to their illnesses. A “non resuscitation order” had been written by 61% of them at least once; 77% considered the patient's home as the preferred location of death (if receiving appropriate care), 9% preferred the hospital, and 14% had no preference for any of these options. Just over half (52%) had contacted local PC resources, and 61% had referred or would refer patients to be seen periodically by both services (PC and Paediatric Neurology). More than half (55%) consider themselves not trained enough to deal with these children, and 80% would like to increase their knowledge about PPC.  The paediatric neurologists surveyed frequently deal with children who suffer from incurable diseases. Their level of involvement with these patients is high. However, there is an overwhelming necessity and desire to receive more training to support these children and their families.
Art and Technics

Mumford - architectural critic, theorist of technology, urbanologist, city planner, cultural critic, historian, biographer, and philosopher - was the author of more than thirty influential books, many of which expounded his views on the perils of urban sprawl and a society obsessed with "technics." Featuring a new introduction by Casey Nelson Blake, this classic text provides the essence of Mumford's views on the distinct yet interpenetrating roles of technology and the arts in modern culture. Mumford contends that modern man's overemphasis on technics has contributed to the depersonalization and emptiness of much of twentieth-century life. He issues a call for a renewed respect for artistic impulses and achievements. His repeated insistence that technological development take the Human as its measure - as well as his impassioned plea for humanity to make the most of its "splendid potentialities and promise" and reverse its progress toward anomie and destruction - is ever more relevant as the new century dawns.
Regional Perspectives and Domestic Imperatives

To understand China's Taiwan policy, one must understand Beijing's current perspective on the global political and economic situation. According to the official Chinese viewpoint, since the end of the Cold War, the world has moved towards multi‐polarity (duojihua) and relations among states have become more relaxed. Whether it reflects reality or not, this belief in multi‐polarity is a prime determinant of China's foreign policy. This essay will explore the conceptual dimensions of China's multi‐polar worldview, and the implications for China's foreign policy in general and its Taiwan policy in particular.
Pravastatin: a potential cause for acute pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) secondary to drugs is un-common, with an incidence ranging from 0.3% to 2.0% of AP cases. Drug-induced AP due to statins is rare, and only 12 cases have thus far been reported. In this case report, we report a case of a 50-year-old female on pravastatin therapy for 3 d prior to developing symptoms of AP. The common etiological factors for AP were all excluded. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit secondary to respiratory distress, though she subsequently improved and was discharged 14 d after admission. Although the incidence of drug-induced AP is low, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for it in patients with AP due to an unknown etiology. Clinicians should be aware of the association of statins with AP. If a patient taking a statin develops abdominal pain, clinicians should consider the diagnosis of AP and conduct the appropriate laboratory and diagnostic evaluation if indicated.
Legal theory and the humanities

Part I Imagination, Emotion and the Particular: Empathy, legal storytelling, and the rule of law: new words, old wounds?, Toni M. Massaro Poets as judges: judicial rhetoric and the literary imagination, Martha C. Nussbaum The echo of a sentimental jurisprudence, Ian Ward. Part II Voice, Perspective and Community: The judicial opinion and the poem: ways of reading, ways of life, James Boyd White Law as rhetoric, rhetoric as law: the arts of cultural and communal life, James Boyd White The judicial opinion as literary genre, Robert A. Ferguson Narrative transactions - does the law need a narratology?, Peter Brooks Ghosts of law and humanities (past, present, future), Marett Leiboff. Part III Image,  The aesthetics of American law, Pierre Schlag Tele-tribunals: anatomy of a medium, Cornelia Vismann Precrime never pays! 'Law and economics' in Minority Report, William P. MacNeil Visiocracy: on the futures of the fingerpost, Peter Goodrich. Part IV Space, Music and Performance: Law, music, and other performing arts, Sanford Levinson and J.M. Balkin Theatre of deferral: the image of the law and the architecture of the Inns of Court, David Evans Prelude: senses and symbols in aesthetic experience, Desmond Manderson Legal performance good and bad, Julie Stone Peters Screening law, Peter Goodrich. Index.
The Othered Irish: Shades of Difference in Post-War Britain, 1948–71

The main goal of this paper is to consider white Irish immigrants within the context of immigration of colour in post-war Britain. It considers the similarities in the imperial-historical reasons for the immigration of mostly poor rural workers from the West Indies, South Asia and Ireland. The discussion explores the experiences of both white and non-white immigrants in London and Birmingham up to 1971, comparing all three groups but focusing on Irish immigrants. I aim to append the Irish experience to analyses of post-war immigration, which tend to focus on non-white Commonwealth immigrants from the West Indies and South Asia. By exploring the Irish experience, I question existing scholarship which suggests Irish immigrants assimilated into post-war Britain free of the ethnic tensions and difficult conditions that migrants of colour indisputably endured. I also demonstrate the degree to which British historians have disregarded the experiences of Irish people in Britain.
Strategies to Achieve Labor Flexibility in the Garment Industry

With the astonishing technological progress in industry during the current epoch, companies are facing a dynamic unpredictable market environment that makes survival to a certain extent difficult for them. Consequently, flexibility seems to be the best approach to enable companies to have an effective response to environmental threats such as economic crisis, growing competitors and market demand fluctuation. Among different types of flexibility, labor flexibility seems to have a determining effect in making a system flexible, since labors are one of the most important resources of a company. This project tries to present a new method to achieve labor flexibility as an effective strategy for garment manufacturing companies that faces market demand fluctuations. The final result of the project shows the proposed algorithms are capable of finding the optimum strategic solution for applying labor flexibility on the production line of the case study.
A racionalização da vida como processo histórico: crítica à racionalidade econômica e ao industrialismo The rationalization of life as historic process: a critique of economic rationality and industrialization

This article analyzes theoretical studies about the concept of rationality and criticizes economic rationality. It discusses the rationalization of life as a historic process, guided by the principal of rationality based on the Aristotelian notion of reason and extending through analyses by Max Weber, Karl Mannheim, the Frankfurt School, Ivan Illich, Andre Gorz, Karl Polanyi and Guerreiro Ramos. Based on this theoretical framework, it constructs a criticism of economic rationality upon which is based the current process of development and its difficulties, and the very notion of progress.
Elements of Climate Evolution in yhe Area Between Prut and Dniester Rivers. Landscape and Pedogenetic Implications

Component part of the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic space, the interfluve area between Prut and Dniester is subject to the regional process of climate evolution and change. In what regards the concept of human-influenced pedogenesis, the role of the biological factor is significantly reduced. As a consequence the direction and intensity of the elementary landscape and pedogenetic processes are determined by the relations between climate and the geomorphological factor. In the conditions of a relative stability of the geomorphological factor, the determining role is held by climate. To this is added soil vulnerability to the implications of climate changes, determined by the degree of soil physical degradation but also by a series of intrinsic and external (drainage) factors. This implies the idea of the control and management of the landscape and pedogenetic implications of climate changes by improving soil physical characteristics.  In diverse forms and with different intensity, climate changes are felt by all world countries. Their impact represents combinations of slow changes (temperature or ecosystem changes) and sudden manifestations (extreme rainfall quantities, floods). In the socio-economical area, climate changes are manifested in the intensification of the stress states, cataclysms and the considerable increase of expenses to cover material losses and repairing infrastructure. In the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic area climate changes imply: changes in the temperature regime (extreme temperatures in the warm period); changes in the State University of Moldova 2 Prof. PhD. “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, Romania Gheorghe Jigău, Liviu Apostol, Ana Barsan, Elena Tofan 112 precipitation regime (increases of the extreme quantities); an increase in the frequency and intensity of drought periods; intensification of desertification effect. In what follows we present a first evaluation of the implications of climate changes on the direction and intensity of elementary landscape and pedogenetic processes.
Evolution in the design and construction of stadiums

Stadiums have carried through time, from ancient to modem, a common identity in the design concept, reflected through similarities in shape, structural elements, materials and methods of construction. The earliest design models appeared with the Greeks starting the eighth century B.C. and were improved by the Romans during the first four centuries A.D. The Colosseum, Roman's most acclaimed amphitheater is regarded as the mother of all modem stadiums, setting the rule for innovative design and construction. It generated the first stadium designs of the modem era and guided the evolution of their successors to the level of beauty and sophistication they actually reflect. This thesis presents the Colosseum as a case study for the identification and analysis of the major aspects of ancient stadiums design and construction methods following the model of Roman Engineering. Moving on towards the last two centuries, the Colosseum will be a guide to trace the evolution in the structural types of stadiums urged by the emergence of new construction materials and techniques in the flow of technological development.  Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dynamics based 3D skeletal hand tracking

Natural human computer interaction motivates hand tracking research, preferably without requiring the user to wear special hardware or markers. Ideally, a hand tracking solution would provide not only points of interest, but the full state of an entire hand. [Oikonomidis et al. 2011] demonstrated a particle swarm optimization that tracked a 3D skeletal hand model from a single depth camera, albeit using significant computing resources. In contrast, we track the hand from a single depth camera using an efficient physical simulation, which incrementally updates a model's fit and explores alternative candidate poses based on a variety of heuristics. Our approach enables real-time, robust 3D skeletal tracking of a user's hand, while utilizing a single x86 CPU core for processing.
THE LAGRANGIAN OF A SELF-DUAL GRAVITATIONAL FIELD AS A LIMIT OF THE SDYM LAGRANGIAN

The action for the su( N ) SDYM equations is shown to give in the limit N → ∞ the action for the six-dimensional version of the second heavenly equation. The symmetry reductions of this latter equation to the well known equations of self-dual gravity are given. The Moyal deformation of the heavenly equations are also considered.
Prolegomena To an Ethics of the Eye

Modernity is marked by the separation of ethics from aesthetics, and both are thought to be detached from issues of truth. Overall I argue that this is a secular rubric that can be successfully challenged by a Christian ontology. This paper first historicises this situation, asking how this scenario came about. In this regard Immanuel Kant is identified as the prime cause of the modern separation of truth-telling from acting well and aesthetic discernment. Adorno's attempt to escape the Kantian legacy by focusing on asethetic judgement is then considered; it is subsequently argued that Adorno's hopes can only be realised by a Christian ontology that can provide an account of unalienated judgement. Finally, the ontology that would allow such a discernment is sketched out as well as a phenomenological and aesthetic outline of how we might know this state of affairs.
Comparing Patient and Physician Risk Tolerance for Bleeding Events Associated with Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation-evidence from the United States and Japan.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a factor in the development of thrombi that can lead to ischemic strokes. Anticoagulants are crucial in preventing strokes among patients with AF but are associated with bleeding risks. Recent studies have shown that despite anticoagulants' efficacy in stroke prevention, many patients with AF receive subtherapeutic levels of anticoagulation because of concerns about bleeding. Of particular interest is to quantify the perceived relative importance of treatment-related benefits and risks and how these perceptions vary between patients and physicians in different countries.



Patients' and physicians' preferences were elicited using a discrete-choice experiment. We evaluated disagreements in preferences for the benefits and risks of anticoagulants.



A total of 186 patients with AF and 107 physicians in the United States completed the survey. In Japan, 152 patients and 164 physicians completed the same survey. Japanese patients were relatively less averse than US patients to bleeding risks. Physicians in both countries did not distinguish between nondisabling and disabling strokes. US patients were less tolerant than physicians of nonmajor clinically relevant bleeding risk when this risk was a consequence of preventing nondisabling strokes. Japanese patients were generally more tolerant than physicians of bleeding risks when the risks were consequences of preventing both nondisabling and disabling strokes.



Overall, preferences for anticoagulant benefits and risks were not statistically different between patients and physicians in the United States, nor were there differences in preferences for different stroke risks between physicians in the United States and Japan; however, preferences were different between patients and physicians in Japan.