nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Material, psychosocial and sociodemographic determinants are associated with positive mental health in Europe: a cross-sectional study

To investigate the association between psychosocial, sociodemographic and material determinants of positive mental health in Europe.



Cross-sectional analysis of survey data.



34 European countries.



Representative Europe-wide sample consisting of 21 066 men and 22 569 women aged 18 years and over, from 34 European countries participating in the third wave of the European Quality of Life Survey (2011-2012).



Positive mental health as measured by the WHO-5-Mental Well-being Index, while the lowest 25% centile indicated poor positive mental health.



The prevalence of poor positive mental health was 30% in women and 24% in men. Material, as well as psychosocial, and sociodemographic factors were independently associated with poor positive mental health in a Europe-wide sample from 34 European countries. When studying all factors together, the highest OR for poor positive mental health was reported for social exclusion (men: OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.90; women: OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.57 to 1.81) among the psychosocial factors. Among the material factors, material deprivation had the highest impact (men: OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.78 to 2.15; women: OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.79 to 2.08).



This study gives the first overview on determinants of positive mental health at a European level and could be used as the basis for preventive policies in the field of positive mental health in Europe.
Gastric acid control with esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole: a five-way crossover study

Proton pump inhibitors owe their clinical efficacy to their ability to suppress gastric acid production. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare intragastric pH following standard doses of esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole.This randomized, open-label, comparative five-way crossover study evaluated the 24-h intragastric pH profile of oral esomeprazole 40 mg, lansoprazole 30 mg, omeprazole 20 mg, pantoprazole 40 mg, and rabeprazole 20 mg once daily in 34 Helicobacter pylori–negative patients aged 18–60 yr with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Patients were randomly assigned to one of five treatment sequences and study drug was taken on 5 consecutive mornings 30 minutes prior to a standardized breakfast. A washout period of at least 10 days separated each treatment phase.Thirty-four patients provided evaluable data for all five comparators. The mean number of hours of evaluable pH data was ≥23.75 hours. On day 5, intragastric pH was maintained above 4.0 for a mean of 14.0 h with esomeprazole, 12.1 h with rabeprazole, 11.8 h with omeprazole, 11.5 h with lansoprazole, and 10.1 h with pantoprazole (p ≤ 0.001 for differences between esomeprazole and all other comparators). Esomeprazole also provided a significantly higher percentage of patients with an intragastric pH greater than 4.0 for more than 12 h relative to the other proton pump inhibitors (p < 0.05). The frequency of adverse events was similar between treatment groups.Esomeprazole at the standard dose of 40 mg once daily provided more effective control of gastric acid at steady state than standard doses of lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole in patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The benefits of cognitive training after a coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Cognitive deficits are frequent after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in the elderly population. In fact, memory and attention deficits can persist several months after the surgery. Recent studies with healthy older adults have shown that memory and attention can be improved through cognitive training programs. The present study examined whether memory training (method of loci and story generation) and attentional training (dual-task computerized training) could improve cognitive functions in patients aged 65 years and older who underwent CABG surgery. Participants (n = 51) were assigned to one of three groups: (1) control group (tested at 1, 3 and 6 months after the surgery), (2) attention training followed by memory training, (3) memory training followed by attention training (groups 2 and 3: tested at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after the surgery). The trainings took place between the 6th and 10th week following the surgery. The three groups were compared before and after each training program using attention and memory tests and neuropsychological tests. The results showed that attention and memory trainings lead to significant improvement in the cognitive domain that was trained. It thus seems that cognitive training can be a promising tool to enhance cognitive functions after a CABG surgery.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Portuguese version of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment.

la adaptación transcultural del PatientGenerated Subjective Global Assessment es importante ya que se puede utilizar con confianza en la lengua portuguesa. Objetivo: realizar una versión de adaptación transcultural al portugués del Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment y estimar su fiabilidad intra-observador.  La validez aparente fue clasificada por 17 profesionales sanitarios y 10 lingüistas portugueses. Se analizaron las equivalencias idiomáticas, semánticas, culturales y conceptuales. El cuestionario fue completado por 20 pacientes del Hospital Amaral Carvalho (Jaú, São Paulo, Brasil) con el fin de verificar el Índice de comprensión de cada ítem. Por lo tanto, 27 miembros del comité clasificaron cada ítem en “esencial”, “útil pero no esencial”, e “innecesario” con el fin de calcular el cociente de validez del contenido. Después, se aplicó esta versión del cuestionario dos veces a 62 pacientes del hospital antes mencionado. La fiabilidad intra-observador del estado estado nutricional analizada por el Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment se estimó mediante los estadísticos Kappa. Resultados: la versión portuguesa del Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment presentaba 10 expresiones incomprensibles. Los ítems “a year ago weight” y “dry mouth symptom” mostraron el menor cociente de validez del contenido. Se observó una fiabilidad intraobservador significativa (k = 0,78, p = 0,001).  La adaptación transcultural de la versión portuguesa del Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment fue sencilla y comprensible para los pacientes brasileños. Por lo tanto, esta versión del Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment se consideró un método válido y fiable.
Acute outcome of stent therapy for coarctation of the aorta: results of the coarctation of the aorta stent trial.

The coarctation of the aorta stent trial (COAST) is a pivotal trial of the NuMED Cheatham Platinum Stent(®) for treatment of coarctation of the aorta (CoA).



CoA is a congenital obstruction to flow through the aorta. Stents have been used since the 1990s to treat CoA; none have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for this indication.



In a prospective, multicenter study 105 patients received stents for treatment of CoA. Data was collected in the catheterization laboratory, on discharge and at 1-month postprocedure.



Of 105 patients, 69% were male; 57% had native CoA. Noninvasive, baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) showed upper extremity (UE) SBP to be 140 ± 16 mm Hg and UE to lower extremity (LE) SBP difference 29 ± 17 mm Hg. At catheterization, baseline ratio of minimum CoA diameter to diameter of descending aorta (CoA:DAo) was 0.46 ± 0.16. Implants (104/105) were successful with one stent migration. There were no deaths or serious complications. Paradoxical hypertension occurred in 6%. Four percent of patients experienced somewhat serious adverse events related to the procedure. All patients achieved relief of ascending aorta to Dao pressure gradient: mean = 2.0 ± 4.0 mm Hg (P < 0.001). The CoA:DAo increased to 0.84 ± 0.18. At 1-month, UE SBP was 120 ± 12 mm Hg, UE to LE SBP difference = -1 ± 12 mm Hg. Ninety-nine percent of patients had UE to LE SBP difference <20 mm Hg.



Stenting of CoA, using the NuMED Cheatham Platinum Stent, is acutely safe and effective for treatment of CoA.
Beetroot supplementation lowers daily systolic blood pressure in older, overweight subjects.

Although inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation are associated with decreased systolic blood pressure (BP), these results have primarily been obtained from short-term trials that focused on healthy young adults. Therefore, we hypothesized that oral supplementation of beetroot juice concentrate would decrease systolic BP in overweight older participants but that the decline in BP would not be sustained after a 1-week interruption of the beetroot juice supplementation. For 3 weeks, 24 participants were randomized to either the beetroot juice concentrate or blackcurrant juice group, with a 1-week postsupplementation phase (week 4). Changes in systolic and diastolic BP were assessed during the supplementation and postsupplementation phases. Blood pressure was measured using 3 different methods: (1) resting clinic BP, (2) 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, and (3) home monitoring of daily resting BP. The first 2 methods were applied at baseline and after weeks 3 and 4. Daily measurements were conducted throughout the study, with 21 subjects completing the study (beetroot/blackcurrant = 10/11; male/female = 12/9; age = 62.0 ± 1.4 years; body mass index = 30.1 ± 1.2 kg/m(2)). After 3 weeks, beetroot juice supplementation was not associated with significant changes in resting clinic BP or 24-hour ABPM. Conversely, beetroot juice concentrate reduced daily systolic BP after 3 weeks (-7.3 ± 5.9 mm Hg, P = .02); however, the effect was not maintained after the interruption of the supplementation (week 4, 2.8 ± 6.1 mm Hg, P = .09). In overweight older subjects, beetroot juice concentrate supplementation was associated with beneficial effects on daily systolic BP, although the effects were not significant when measured by 24-hour ABPM or resting clinic BP.
Association of mortality with years of education in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolysis.

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between lower socioeconomic status (SES), as ascertained by years of education, and outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).



Previous studies have shown an inverse relationship between SES and coronary heart disease and mortality. Whether a similar association between SES and mortality exists in STEMI patients is unknown.



We evaluated 11,326 patients with STEMI in the GUSTO-III (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries) trial study from countries that enrolled >500 patients. We evaluated clinical outcomes (adjusted using multivariate regression analysis) according to the number of years of education completed.



One-year mortality was inversely related to years of education and was 5-fold higher in patients with <8 years compared with those with >16 years of education (17.5% vs. 3.5%, p < 0.0001). The strength of the relationship between education and mortality varied among different countries. Nonetheless, years of education remained an independent correlate of mortality at day 7 (hazard ratio per year of increase in education: 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.83 to 0.88) and also between day 8 and 1 year (hazard ratio per year of increase in education: 0.96; 95% confidence interval: 0.94 to 0.98), even after adjustment for baseline characteristics and country of enrollment.



When the number of years of education was used as a measure of SES, there was an inverse relationship such that significantly higher short-term and 1-year mortality existed beyond that accounted for by baseline clinical variables and country of enrollment. Future studies should account for and investigate the mechanisms underlying this link between SES and cardiovascular disease outcomes.
Setting of noninvasive pressure support in young patients with cystic fibrosis.

The aim of the current study was to compare a clinical noninvasive method of setting up noninvasive pressure support ventilation (PS-NI) in young patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), based on parameters such as breathing frequency, arterial oxygen saturation and comfort rating, with a more invasive method (PS-I) targeted at optimising unloading of the inspiratory muscles and enhancing patient-ventilator synchronisation. PS-NI and PS-I were compared in random order in 10 children with CF. PS-NI differed from PS-I with regard to the level of inspiratory pressure (n=5), rate of inspiratory pressurisation (n=1), inspiratory trigger sensitivity (n=2) and expiratory trigger sensitivity (n=5). Although both methods modified breathing pattern, improved oxygen saturation and reduced diaphragmatic pressure time product (450+/-91 cmH2O.s(-1).min(-1) during spontaneous breathing, and 129+/-125 and 104+/-75 cmH2O.s(-1).min(-1) during PS-NI and PS-I, respectively), patient-ventilator synchrony and patient comfort were enhanced more during PS-I. In young patients with cystic fibrosis, setting up pressure support using a clinical noninvasive approach based on easily measurable parameters, such as respiratory rate and comfort rating, is as effective as a more invasive technique based on unloading of the inspiratory muscles and optimising patient-ventilator synchronisation. However, whilst the standard clinical method is satisfactory in the majority of patients, more invasive measurements should be considered in patients who have difficulty synchronising with the ventilator to enhance patient tolerance and compliance.
A phase I study of 3-day topotecan and cisplatin in elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer

The aim of this phase I study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) in elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).  Patients aged over 75 years with previously untreated SCLC were enrolled in this study. Both topotecan and cisplatin were administered on days 1–3 and repeated every 3 weeks. The starting dose of topotecan was 0.5 mg/m2/day, while cisplatin was fixed at the dose of 20 mg/m2/day. Patients with limited disease (LD) SCLC received thoracic irradiation after the completion of chemotherapy.  Twenty-one elderly patients were enrolled in this study and received a total of 59 cycles. The major hematological toxicity was neutropenia and non-hematological toxicities including diarrhea were generally mild and reversible. The MTD of topotecan was determined as 1.2 mg/m2/day. The recommended phase II study dose of topotecan was determined as 1.0 mg/m2/day with cisplatin 20 mg/m2/day daily for 3 days. An objective response was observed in 6 of 10 patients (60%) with LD-SCLC and 6 of 11 (55%) with extensive disease (ED) SCLC. The median survival time in patients with LD-SCLC and those with ED-SCLC were 16.0 and 11.0 months, respectively.  The combination chemotherapy of 3-day topotecan and cisplatin appears to be tolerable and effective in elderly patients with SCLC.
An exploration of young ethnic minority males' beliefs about romantic relationships.

Ethnic minority males experience a disproportionate prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and HIV. Few studies have explored the beliefs that frame romantic relationships in which sexual behavior occurs. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of romantic relationships for young ethnic minority men who partner with adolescent women with high-risk sexual histories and the beliefs about romantic relationships that underlie these relationship choices. A phenomenologic approach was used. Two semi-structured interviews were completed with six Mexican American and two African American young adult males 19 to 26 years of age. Participants struggled to balance a desire to maintain physical and psychological closeness with partners with a desire to distance from partners in the face of unmet psychological needs. Recognition of how males struggle to balance getting needs met in romantic relationships will be necessary for the provision of culturally relevant care for males and their partners.
Accuracy of Un-supervised Versus Provider-Supervised Self-administered HIV Testing in Uganda: A Randomized Implementation Trial

Unsupervised HIV self-testing (HST) has potential to increase knowledge of HIV status; however, its accuracy is unknown. To estimate the accuracy of unsupervised HST in field settings in Uganda, we performed a non-blinded, randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial of unsupervised compared with supervised HST among selected high HIV risk fisherfolk (22.1 % HIV Prevalence) in three fishing villages in Uganda between July and September 2013. The study enrolled 246 participants and randomized them in a 1:1 ratio to unsupervised HST or provider-supervised HST. In an intent-to-treat analysis, the HST sensitivity was 90 % in the unsupervised arm and 100 % among the provider-supervised, yielding a difference 0f −10 % (90 % CI −21, 1 %); non-inferiority was not shown. In a per protocol analysis, the difference in sensitivity was −5.6 % (90 % CI −14.4, 3.3 %) and did show non-inferiority. We conclude that unsupervised HST is feasible in rural Africa and may be non-inferior to provider-supervised HST.
Risk of congenital anomalies in pregnant users of statin drugs

Evidence from animal studies suggests that statin medications should not be taken during pregnancy. Our aim was to examine the association between the use of statins in early pregnancy and the incidence of congenital anomalies.



A population-based pregnancy registry was built. Three study groups were assembled: women prescribed statins in the first trimester (group A), fibrate/nicotinic acid in the first trimester (group B) and statins between 1 year and 1 month before conception, but not during pregnancy (group C). Among live-born infants, we selected as cases infants with any congenital anomaly diagnosed in the first year of life. Controls were defined as infants with no congenital anomalies. The rate of congenital anomalies in the respective groups was calculated. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were also calculated.



Our study group consisted of 288 pregnant women. Among women with a live birth, the rate of congenital anomalies was 3/64 (4.69%; 95% CI 1.00, 13.69) in group A, 3/14 in group B (21.43%; 95% CI 4.41, 62.57) and 7/67 in group C (10.45%; 95% CI 4.19, 21.53). The adjusted OR for congenital anomalies in group A compared with group C was 0.36 (95% CI 0.06, 2.18).



We did not detect a pattern in fetal congenital anomalies or evidence of an increased risk in the live-born infants of women filling prescriptions for statins in the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions, however, remain uncertain in the absence of data from non-live births.
Effects of cognitive arousal and physiological arousal on sleep perception.

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of presleep arousal on sleep perception. Experiment 1 examined the link between presleep cognitive arousal and distorted perception of sleep and compared the relative effect of anxious and neutral cognitive arousal on sleep perception. Experiment 2 compared the relative effect of anxious cognitive arousal and physiological arousal on sleep perception.



Participants completed a nap session. Just prior to the nap, the participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups to receive different arousal manipulations. They were then allowed to go to sleep and were asked to report their sleep perception upon waking.



Sleep laboratory.



Fifty-four healthy good sleepers in each experiment.



N/A.



Self-reported sleep, actigraphy-defined sleep, and the discrepancy between them were indexed. In Experiment 1, participants who were experimentally manipulated to experience anxious cognitive arousal during the presleep period reported longer sleep-onset latency. Both the Anxious Cognitive Arousal Group and the Neutral Cognitive Arousal Group exhibited a greater discrepancy between self-reported and actigraphy-defined sleep, relative to participants who received no manipulation. In Experiment 2, participants who were experimentally manipulated to experience anxious cognitive arousal or physiological arousal during the presleep period reported longer sleep-onset latency and shorter total sleep time, and both groups exhibited a greater discrepancy between the self-reported and actigraphy-defined sleep, relative to participants who received no manipulation.



Results suggest that both presleep cognitive arousal and presleep physiological arousal contribute to distorted perception of sleep.
Interactions of glucose metabolism and chronic heart failure.

We evaluated insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and investigated a possible correlation of these metabolic parameters with specific biomarkers of heart failure. Additionally, we investigated the effects of two angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), namely telmisartan and candesartan, that were administered over a 5 month treatment period, as additional therapy to standard care.



The study group consisted of 94 CHF patients. Insulin sensitivity (OGIS index) and insulin secretion parameters were investigated by frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance tests and consecutive mathematical modelling. In total, 94.6 % of patients had clinically overt diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance at the time of enrolment HbA1c was found to correlate to NT-proBNP, MR-proADM, CT-proET-1, and MR-proANP, but not to Copeptin. NT-proBNP correlated inversely to OGIS. None of the metabolic parameters were altered significantly after candesartan or telmisartan treatment in either the patient or standard care group.



Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are impaired in CHF and biomarkers of heart failure and atherosclerotic disease correlate to glucose metabolism.
Epirubicin, cisplatin, and protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for advanced gastric carcinoma.

To evaluate the activity and safety of a combination chemotherapy with epirubicin, cisplatin, and a protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (ECF) in unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer, a phase II study was performed. Thirty-five chemotherapy-naive patients were given ECF. Epirubicin (50 mg/m(2) intravenous, i.v.) and cisplatin (60 mg/m(2) i.v.) were administered every three weeks during a continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (250 mg/m(2) /day) using infusion pump. One complete response and 19 partial responses (response rate=62%) were achieved. Eight patients remained stable, whereas in four patients the disease progressed. The median duration of response was 22 weeks (95% confidence interval, 18-27 weeks). The median survival for all patients was 10 months (95% confidence interval, 6-14 months), with a 1-yr survival rate of 40%. A total of 184 cycles of chemotherapy were administered. Grade 3 or 4 emesis occurred in 3%, mucositis in 2%, anemia in 10%, and leukopenia in 3% of the cycles. Central venous catheter complications that required line removal occurred in 37% (n=13) of the patients. No patient died of toxicity. Overall, the ECF regimen showed high anti-tumor activity with a tolerable toxicity pattern.