nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Subverting the market to help other consumers: The ‘la repasse’ phenomenon

This paper aims to broaden our perspective on Consumer-to-Consumer (C-to-C) interactions. Recent studies on consumption have striven to shed light on the grey zone between market economies and moral economies. Our research goes one step further by focusing on C-to-C helping behaviours such as passing on tickets in public places (on the underground, in car parks, during city package tours, etc.). The hermeneutic analysis of these fraudulent practices shows that consumers undertake these microsubversions of the marketplace for the sake of citizenship. They act as contemporary Robin Hoods who turn market materials into flash token gifts for other consumers. In doing so, they daily reshape the boundaries of market/moral economies.
Women growing older: Agency, ethnicity and culture

This article considers the extent to which gerontological theories, that highlight the problems associated with later life, reflect the experiences of older women across ethnic and cultural difference. It is based on an ESRC research study examining women's experiences of growing old across ethnicity and culture. Concepts that are often used to measure these experiences include `quality of life' and `successful ageing'. These are linked to other culturally related concepts such as agency, self-autonomy, independence and dis/empowerment. Yet, while it is the case that the meanings attached to these concepts change according to locality and context, they are often applied in a way that reifies dominant values and perceptions. Central to this article is the contention that gerontological approaches have often made ethnic and cultural experiences of later life invisible. Further, such approaches have assumed that agency is something that is either present or absent and that this is linked almost exclusively t...
Pretransplantation Supportive and Palliative Care Consultation for High-Risk Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Patients.

Early palliative care (EPC) for patients with metastatic solid tumors is now standard of care, but the effect of EPC in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is less well understood. We studied the acceptability of pre-HCT EPC as measured by trial participation, changes in patient-reported outcomes, and follow-up with palliative care providers. English-speaking adults (age >17 years) with an HCT comorbidity index of ≥ 3, relapse risk > 25%, or planned HLA-mismatched allogeneic or myeloablative HCT received EPC before HCT admission with monthly or more frequent visits. Twenty-two (69%) of 32 subjects provided consent; 2 were later excluded (HCT cancelled, consent retracted) for a 63% participation rate. Comfort with EPC was high (82% very comfortable). Subjects reported stable or improved mood and sense of hope, without apparent negative effects with a median of 3 visits. Follow-up surveys were returned by 75% of participants at 60 days and by 65% at 90 days. Four (20%) were admitted to the intensive care unit before day 100 and 3 (15%) received life-support measures. Five (25%) died with median follow-up of 14 months. EPC is feasible, acceptable, and has the potential to improve the HCT experience, whether or not the patient survives. EPC for HCT patients should be tested in a randomized trial.
The Transition According to Cambridge, Mass.

This paper reviews the NBER's "The Transition in Eastern Europe." This book's 18 essays examine privatization, stabilization, fiscal policies, the nascent private sector, bankruptcy, foreign trade, and investment, etc. Individual country performance occupies six studies. These essays, which are of high quality, provide a cross-section of the literature on transition. However, the book's stronger conclusions are not supported by strong evidence. Two conclusions, unemphasized by contributors, emerge. Expectations, which reflect the theories used to design standard reforms, are often unfulfilled during reforms. A plausible explanation for the misplaced expectations is the ahistorical approach of those theories.
An operational domain-theoretic treatment of recursive types

We develop a domain theory for treating recursive types with respect to contextual equivalence. The principal approach taken here deviates from classical domain theory in that we do not produce the recursive types via the usual inverse limits constructions we have it for free by working directly with the operational semantics. By extending type expressions to endofunctors on a ‘syntactic’ category, we establish algebraic compactness. To do this, we rely on an operational version of the minimal invariance property. In addition, we apply techniques developed herein to reason about FPC programs.
Automatic Wrappers for Large Scale Web Extraction

We present a generic framework to make wrapper induction algorithms tolerant to noise in the training data. This enables us to learn wrappers in a completely unsupervised manner from automatically and cheaply obtained noisy training data, e.g., using dictionaries and regular expressions. By removing the site-level supervision that wrapper-based techniques require, we are able to perform information extraction at web-scale, with accuracy unattained with existing unsupervised extraction techniques. Our system is used in production at Yahoo! and powers live applications.
Thermal analysis of particle ratios and p(t) spectra at RHIC

The thermal model of particle production is used to analyze the particle ratios and the p_T spectra measured recently at RHIC. Our fit of the particle ratios yields the temperature at the chemical freeze-out T_chem = 165 +- 7 MeV with the corresponding baryon chemical potential mu^B_chem = 41 +- 5 MeV. The quality of the fit shows that the model works well for RHIC. The p_T spectra are evaluated in an approach which takes into account the modifications of the initial thermal distributions by the secondary decays of resonances. All two- and three-body decays are included. This leads to an effective ``cooling'' of the spectra in the data region by about 35-40 MeV. We find that the pion spectrum is characterized by the inverse slope which agrees well with the value inferred from the RHIC data.
Internal implementation

We introduce a constrained mechanism design setting called internal implementation, in which the mechanism designer is explicitly modeled as a player in the game of interest. This distinguished player has the opportunity to modify the game before play. Specifically, the player is able to make reliable binding commitments of outcome-specific monetary transfers to the other players in the game. We characterize the power of internal implementation for certain interesting classes of games, and show that the impact of internal implementation on the utility of the players' and the social welfare is often counterintuitive; for example, the social welfare can be arbitrarily worse after an internal implementation.
THE ELECTROGRAVITATIONAL FIELD OF AN ELECTRICALLY CHARGED MASS POINT AND THE CAUSALITY PRINCIPLE IN RTG

In this paper, I determine the electrogravitational field produced by a charged mass point according to the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation. The Causality Principle in the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation will play a very important part in finding this field. The analytical form and the domain of definition, i.e the gravitational radius of the obtained solution, differ from that given by Einstein's General Relativity Theory.
A scientific approach in wind energy courses for electrical engineers

Teaching and research are joint activities at University level, but in many cases it is found that both activities have a poor connection. While the scientific method based on well-known steps is commonly applied at research level, this methodology and the associated know-how are rarely integrated in degree courses. This work describes the integration of theory, simulation, lab-scale experiments and industrial developments in wind energy courses for electric engineers. The proposed methodology reuses the knowledge from the research that is performed at University level to bring the students the latest industry developments and scientific trends with a scientific approach in multidisciplinary wind energy courses.
A PERSPECTIVE ON QUANTUM GRAVITY PHENOMENOLOGY

I give a brief overview of some Quantum-Gravity-Phenomenology research lines, focusing on studies of cosmic rays and gamma-ray bursts that concern the fate of Lorentz symmetry in quantum spacetime. I also stress that the most valuable phenomenological analyses should not mix too many conjectured new features of quantum spacetime, and from this perspective it appears that it should be difficult to obtain reliable guidance on the quantum-gravity problem from the analysis of synchrotron radiation from the Crab nebula and from the analysis of phase coherence of light from extragalactic sources. Forthcoming observatories of ultra-high-energy neutrinos should provide several opportunities for clean tests of some simple hypothesis for the short-distance structure of spacetime. In particular, these neutrino studies, and some related cosmic-ray studies, should provide access to the regime $E>\sqrt{m E_p}$.
The Satah Mountain and Baldface Mountain volcanic fields: Pleistocene hot spot volcanism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt, west-central British Columbia, Canada

The Satah Mountain and Baldface Mountain volcanic fields (SMVF, BMVF) comprise more than three dozen small volcanic centers and erosional remnants thereof. These fields are located in the Chilcotin Highland of west-central British Columbia, Canada, and are spatially associated with the Anahim Volcanic Belt (AVB), a linear feature of alkaline to peralkaline plutonic and volcanic centers of Miocene to Holocene ages. The AVB has been postulated to be the track of a hot spot passing beneath the westward moving Cordilleran lithosphere. We test the AVB hot spot model by applying whole-rock 40Ar/39Ar geochronology (n = 24) and geochemistry. Whole-rock chemical compositions of volcanic rock samples (n = 59) from these two fields suggest a strong geochemical affinity with the nearby Itcha Range shield volcano; however, SMVF and BMVF centers are mostly small in volume (<1 km3) and differ in composition from one another, even where they are in close spatial proximity. Trace element and REE patterns of mafic AVB lavas are similar to ocean island basalts (OIB), suggesting a mantle source for these lavas. The age ranges for the SMVF (n = 11; ~2.21 to ~1.43 Ma) and BMVF (n = 7; ~3.91 to ~0.91 Ma) are largely coeval with the Itcha Range. The distribution of volcanoes in these two volcanic fields is potentially consistent with the postulated AVB hot spot track. Eruption rates in the SMVF were high enough to build an elongated ridge that deviates from the E-W trend of the AVB by almost 90°. This deviation might reflect the mechanisms and processes facilitating magma generation and ascent through the lithosphere in this tectonically complex region and may also indicate interaction of the potential hot spot with (pre)existing fracture systems in vicinity of the Itcha Range.
On the Walk Rearrangement of Cyclopentadienylphosphanes and Related Compounds - A Molecular Orbital Study

für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 Lizenz. On the Walk Rearrangement of Cyclopentadienylphosphanes and Related Compounds A Molecular Orbital Study
Bounce behaviour in KantowskiSachs and Bianchi cosmologies

Many cosmological scenarios envisage either a bounce of the universe at early times, or collapse of matter locally to form a black hole which re-expands into a new expanding universe region. Energy conditions preclude this happening for ordinary matter in general relativistic universes, but scalar or dilatonic fields can violate some of these conditions, and so could possibly provide bounce behaviour. In this paper we show that such bounces cannot occur in Kantowski–Sachs models without violating the reality condition . This also holds true for other isotropic spatially homogeneous Bianchi models, with the exception of closed Friedmann–Robertson–Walker and Bianchi IX models; bounce behaviour violates the weak energy condition ρ ≥ 0 and ρ + p ≥ 0. We turn to the Randall–Sundrum type braneworld scenario for a possible resolution of this problem.
Revolution und Gegenrevolution in der europäischen Bildpublizistik 1789-1889 = Révolution et contre-révolution dans la gravure en Europe de 1789 à 1889 = Revolution and counter-revolution in European prints from 1789 to 1889

This volume of essays, international in scope, illuminates a vast graphic output situated culturally between "high art" and "popular imagery" that has as yet been little explored either by art historians or general historians. The essays focus in a systematic manner on the rich iconography of the "Century of Revolution" (c.1770-1871) and range over political allegory, portraiture, fashion prints, maps, book illustration and caricature, presenting a panorama of the graphic arts in this age of the "culte des images" (Baudelaire). The volume investigates the conditions of their production, the manner of their consumption, their evocative power and their diffusion across Europe. In this way it makes a ground-breaking contribution to the development of historical and interdisciplinary study of the image.
Implicit Function Theorem. Part I

In this article, we formalize in Mizar ,  the existence and uniqueness part of the implicit function theorem. In the first section, some composition properties of Lipschitz continuous linear function are discussed. In the second section, a definition of closed ball and theorems of several properties of open and closed sets in Banach space are described. In the last section, we formalized the existence and uniqueness of continuous implicit function in Banach space using Banach fixed point theorem. We referred to [7], , and  in this formalization.
The quasilinear isomorphism challenge

We show that all the basic facts about the Berman-Hartmanis Isomorphism Conjecture carry over from polynomial to quasilinear time bounds. However, we show that the connection between unique-accepting NTMs and one-way functions, which underlies much subsequent work on the B-H conjecture, breaks down for quasilinear time under relativizations. Hence we have a whole new ballgame, on a tighter playing field.
Structural and sensing properties of a novel Fe/Fe2O3/polyoxocarbosilane core shell nanocomposite powder prepared by laser pyrolysis

This paper reports about the synthesis and characterization of a novel Fe/Fe2O3/polyoxocarbosilane core shell nanocomposite as a material for gas-sensing applications. The nanocomposites (Fe-based nano cores enveloped with polymeric polyoxocarbosilane shells) were prepared by the IR laser co-pyrolysis of iron pentacarbonyl and hexamethyldisiloxane. The iron-based cores become superficially oxidized in atmosphere. The morphologies, chemical content and thermal behavior were studied by different analytical techniques. The sensing properties of the polymer-poor nanocomposite thick films were tested by measuring the variation of the electrical resistance in presence of CO and CH4, at a working temperature of 450 °C. Preliminary results indicate that for CO toxic gas, an n–p transitional character of the semiconducting iron oxide appears in humid relatively to dry air.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTELLIGENCE TESTING AND THE THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE

In offering what purport to be definitions of intelligence, psychologists do not always seem to have worked out what sense of the word ‘definition’ they have in mind. Six possible senses of the word ‘definition’ are here distinguished. Each sense is then discussed with special reference to the problem of defining intelligence. In the light of the distinctions made, the definitions of intelligence offered by Wechsler and Burt are critically examined from the point of view of methodology.
Intergenerational Altruism and Neoclassical Growth Models

This paper surveys intergenerational altruism in neoclassical growth models. It first examines Barro's approach to intergenerational altruism, whereby successive generations are linked by recursive altruistic preferences. Individuals have an altruistic concern only for their children, who in turn also have altruistic feelings for their own children. The conditions under which the Ricardian equivalence (debt neutrality) theorem applies are specified. The effectiveness of fiscal policy is further analysed in the context of an economy populated by heterogeneous families differing with respect to their degree of intergenerational altruism. Other forms of altruism, referred to as ad hoc altruism, are also examined, along with their implications for fiscal policy.
Improving Charge Trapping/Detrapping Characteristics of Amorphous In-Ga-ZnO Thin-Film-Transistors Using Microwave Irradiation.

We investigated the effect of post-deposition annealing (PDA) on the gate-bias-stress-induced charge trapping/detrapping phenomenon in amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). To evaluate device reliability, we used the microwave irradiation (MWI), rapid thermal annealing (RTA), and conventional thermal annealing (CTA) methods for PDA of the TFTs and compared the resulting device performances. Fabricated devices were measured in the dark and under light illumination under positive and negative gate-bias-temperature stress (PBTS and NBTS, respectively). Because microwave energy was transferred directly to the substrate in a short time of 2 min in the MWI device, defects were removed more effectively. The obtained results indicated that the threshold voltage (Vth) shift of the MWI-treated a-IGZO TFT with different temperatures and gate bias stresses in the dark and under light illumination was the smallest and the most reliable. Further, comparisons of the Vth recovery characteristics in the dark and under light illumination indicated that charge detrapping behaviors were enhanced under the latter condition. Furthermore, the average effective energy barrier based on Arrhenius plots was extracted. Therefore, the MWI method is considered promising for fabricating next-generation displays on various substrates.
Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes.

Among persons diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of foot ulcers is 4% to 10%, the annual population-based incidence is 1.0% to 4.1%, and the lifetime incidence may be as high as 25%. These ulcers frequently become infected, cause great morbidity, engender considerable financial costs, and are the usual first step to lower extremity amputation.



To systematically review the evidence on the efficacy of methods advocated for preventing diabetic foot ulcers in the primary care setting.



The EBSCO, MEDLINE, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse databases were searched for articles published between January 1980 and April 2004 using database-specific keywords. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were also searched, along with the Cochrane Library and relevant Web sites. We reviewed the retrieved literature for pertinent information, paying particular attention to prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials.



Prevention of diabetic foot ulcers begins with screening for loss of protective sensation, which is best accomplished in the primary care setting with a brief history and the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. Specialist clinics may quantify neuropathy with biothesiometry, measure plantar foot pressure, and assess lower extremity vascular status with Doppler ultrasound and ankle-brachial blood pressure indices. These measurements, in conjunction with other findings from the history and physical examination, enable clinicians to stratify patients based on risk and to determine the type of intervention. Educating patients about proper foot care and periodic foot examinations are effective interventions to prevent ulceration. Other possibly effective clinical interventions include optimizing glycemic control, smoking cessation, intensive podiatric care, debridement of calluses, and certain types of prophylactic foot surgery. The value of various types of prescription footwear for ulcer prevention is not clear.



Substantial evidence supports screening all patients with diabetes to identify those at risk for foot ulceration. These patients might benefit from certain prophylactic interventions, including patient education, prescription footwear, intensive podiatric care, and evaluation for surgical interventions.
Seismic-stratigraphic framework of the forearc basin off central Sumatra, Sunda Arc

New multichannel seismic reflection data provide information on the stratigraphic framework and geologic history of the forearc basin west of central Sumatra. We recognize six seismic-stratigraphic sequences that reflect the Cenozoic history and development of the outer continental shelf and forearc basin southeast of Nias Island. These sequences indicate several episodes of uplift of the subduction complex and filling of the forearc basin. Early in the development of this margin, Paleogene slope deposits prograded onto the adjacent basin floor. Onlapping this assemblage are two units interpreted as younger Paleogene(?) trough deposits. Uplift associated with rejuvenation of subduction in the late Oligocene led to erosion of the Sumatra shelf and formation of a regional unconformity. The early Miocene was a period of significant progradation. A Miocene limestone unit partly downlaps and partly onlaps the older Paleogene deposits. It is characterized by shallow shelf and oblique progradational facies passing into basin floor facies. A buried reef zone occurs near the shelf edge. The cutting of an erosional unconformity on the shelf and slope in late Miocene/early Pliocene time culminated this episode of deposition. In the late Pliocene, a large flexure developed at the western boundary of the basin, displacing the outer-arc ridge upward relative to the basin. Over 1 km of Pliocene to Recent sediment was deposited as a wedge in the deep western portion of the basin landward of the outer-arc ridge. These deposits are characterized by flat-lying, high-amplitude, continuous reflections that overstep the late Miocene unconformity. Up to 800 m of shallow-water limestone have been deposited on the shelf since mid-Pliocene time.
Geoinformation analysis of atmosphere pollution impact on the landscape of Siberian oil-producing territories

The assessment problems of the environmental impact of atmosphere pollution caused by gas burning in torches on forest-swamp ecosystems of West Siberia are considered. Geoinformation approach to the assessment of oil production impact based on the combination of sanitary-hygienic and landscape-geochemical approaches is reported. A pilot territory where main natural complexes are swamps of different types, coniferous-leaf-bearing forests and pine forests is described. The areas of polluted landscapes depending on the volume of oil production and normalized pollution levels are determined. The results may be applied for assessment of environmental impact of oil production within other territories with a similar landscape structure.