nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing "Transaction Climate" Influencing the Adoption of Innovative ICT and e-Business In the Greek Agri-food Sector

Recently, a large number of innovative ICT systems and network tools facilitate the use of e-business frameworks. Modern organizations through innovative ICT models can confront competition, uncertainty and complexity. Supply chain faces organizations as a chain of interrelated entities, and provides a complete aspect of their prospects. A survey has been contacted to test the impact of the factor "transaction climate" on agri-food firms in Greece. A total of 20 variables was initially proposed to determine the factor "transaction climate" related to the four organizations that companies deal with, customers, suppliers, carriers and 3 rd Party logistics provider companies, wh ile for each one of the four were investigated separately 5 features: Commitment, Reliability, Firm's Satisfaction, Satisfactory Information Exchange and Long-lasting Relationships. Finally, through factor analysis, were expressed all 10 of the original 20 variables that describe the "transaction climate" in an agri-food firm, as linear combinations of the fewer and derived 2 component constructs/factors, leading firms in agri-food sector in Greece to adopt innovative IT and web-based technologies aiming to enhance e-business, supply chain management, organizational productivity, flexibility and competitiveness. Each factor is described with 5 questions of the questionnaire that load highly in each factor. The 2-factor model has to be further confirmed in a second sample.
The Cambridge challenge to the Ricardian analysis of poverty

The Ricardian economists’ famous model of economic growth employed the Malthusian population doctrine, the law of diminishing returns, and the classical or iron law of wages. This analysis was based on utilitarian moral philosophy. The gloomy Stationary State conclusions of the Ricardian growth model — maldistribution of income and widespread poverty — were challenged by both economists and moral philosophers. A particularly important challenge was that offered by William Whewell (1794–1866), Professor of Moral Philosophy and the dominant figure at the University of Cambridge. Whewell is remembered today for his early contributions to mathematical economics. This article begins with a review of the Ricardian growth model. Next, Whewell’s system of moral philosophy is examined and the scientific and religious basis of Whewell’s antagonism to Ricardian economics is considered. After considering Whewell’s treatment of agricultural progress, economic classes, and rent doctrine, his own model of economic growth is analyzed. Finally, Whewell’s appraisal of the duty of government to those harmed by development is explored.
Genetics and plant development.

There are only three grand theories in biology: the theory of the cell, the theory of the gene, and the theory of evolution. Two of these, the cell and gene theories, originated in the study of plants, with the third resulting in part from botanical considerations as well. Mendel's elucidation of the rules of inheritance was a result of his experiments on peas. The rediscovery of Mendel's work in 1900 was by the botanists de Vries, Correns, and Tschermak. It was only in subsequent years that animals were also shown to have segregation of genetic elements in the exact same manner as had been shown in plants. The story of developmental biology is different - while the development of plants has long been studied, the experimental and genetic approaches to developmental mechanism were developed via experiments on animals, and the importance of genes in development (e.g., Waddington, 1940) and their use for understanding developmental mechanisms came to botanical science much later - as late as the 1980s.
Advances in Enterprise Engineering V - First Enterprise Engineering Working Conference, EEWC 2011, Antwerp, Belgium, May 16-17, 2011. Proceedings

This book constitutes the proceedings of the first Enterprise Engineering Working Conference (EEWC), held in Antwerp, Belgium,May 16-17, 2011. EEWC aims at addressing the challenges that modern and complex enterprises are facing in a rapidly changing world. The participants of the working conference sharethe belief that dealing with these challenges requires rigorous and scientific solutions, focusing on the design and engineering of enterprises. The goal of EEWC is to stimulate interaction between the different stakeholders, scientists as well as practitioners, interested in making Enterprise Engineering a reality.The 8 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. EEWC 2011 had 24 submissionsof which 8 were acceptedfor publication. The topics of thepapersencouraged active participation in interesting discussions and the exchange of ideas, and stimulated future cooperation among the participants. This made EEWC a real working conference contributing to the further development of Enterprise Engineering as a mature discipline. The topics covered include designing organizations with DEMO, combining DEMO with other methods, and studies in enterprise architecture.
Towards an Error Correction Memory to Enhance Technical Texts Authoring in LELIE

In this paper, we investigate and experiment the notion of error correction memory applied to error correction in technical texts. The main purpose is to induce relatively generic correction patterns associated with more contextual correction recommendations, based on previously memorized and analyzed corrections. The notion of error correction memory is developed within the framework of the LELIE project and illustrated on the case of fuzzy lexical items, which is a major problem in technical texts.
Thermodynamics of basic ionization of some aminoethers in water

Basic ionization constants (Kb) of 2-methoxyethylamine, 3-methoxypropylamine, and bis-2-methoxyethylamine in water have been measured as a function of temperature between 5 and 45 °C, thus enabling values of ΔGb0, ΔHb0, ΔSb0, and ΔCpb0 to be calculated. The results conform with the ability of the ether function to destroy hydrophobicity in water.
Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing: Potential Application of Service Science in Engineering

This paper discusses the potential of emerging service science with engineering applications. First the definition and classification of service for engineering discipline are detailed and elaborated. Based on that, this paper focuses on the potential application of service science in the Construction Industry namely Building Information Modeling (BIM). Elaborate discussion on the service value of BIM leads to suggestion for further research in specific areas namely the interaction between experts from the world’s major BIM player in order to improve the implementation of BIM.
Flanerie and Writing the City in Iain Sinclair's Lights Out for the Territory, Edmund White's The Flaneur, and Jose Cardoso Pires's Lisboa: Livro de Bordo

2 Graeme Gilloch, commenting on the unlikely re-emergence of the figure of the flâneur in contemporary theory, a figure he himself had written off as obsolete seven years earlier (see Gilloch 1992), declares that " the flâneur returns as the perspicacious pedestrian, a figure with privileged insights into, and precious knowledge of, the modern city. Resurrected and recast, the flâneur-as-historical-figure becomes the flâneur-as-heuristic fiction " (1999: 105). In short, the flâneur re-emerges as a way in which to expound a vision of the city. This essay will examine the way in which three contemporary works use flânerie, the activity of the flâneur, as a way of both investigating metropolitan space and constructing a textual representation of it. These works are: Iain Sinclair's Lights Out for the Territory, José Cardoso Pires's Lisboa: Livro de Bordo and Edmund White's The Flâneur, dealing with London, Lisbon and Paris respectively. Before moving on to the primary texts, it is important to delineate the features comprising the concept of flânerie in modern social and literary theory. The flâneur originally arose as an historical figure in the early nineteenth-century. Paradigmatically, he 1 was an aloof dandy of independent means, ostensibly idling away his time ambling through the Arcades of Second Empire Paris. However, beneath his cover of disinterest and detachment, the flâneur was an ever-observant artist who 1 The flâneur, as the French noun indicates, is a male figure. For a discussion of the problems and 3 used his perambulations to amass knowledge of the metropolis, as material for the production of literary, or journalistic, texts for later publication. His flickering existence was eventually extinguished in the mid-nineteenth-century, when the increasingly unfashionable Arcades became obsolescent. In addition to the disappearance of the flâneur's favourite haunts, according to Benjamin (1974), it was a combination of the historical figure's increasing identification with the commodity, together with the quickening pace and spatio-temporal reorganisation of metropolitan existence, that eventually led to the extinction of the flâneur. The passing of the historical figure paved the way for the resurrection of the flâneur as a methodological persona, adopted in order to pursue the exploration of the city. Stripped to its basic characteristics and used as a modus operandi for the writer, flânerie, as a scopic methodology, involves mobile observation on the part of an individual consciousness from the supposed viewpoint of a pedestrian city dweller. As Shields (Tester, 1994: 65) says " …
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption, and Price Statistics 1965-1999

This report is part of an annual series that presents current and historical information on the production, trade, consumption, and prices of timber products in the United States. The report focuses on national statistics, but includes some data for individual States and regions and for Canada. The data were collected from industry trade associations and government agencies. They are intended for use by forest land managers, forest industries, trade associations, forestry schools, renewable resource organizations, libraries, organizations, individuals in the major timber producing and consuming countries of the world, and the general public. A major use of the data presented here is tracking technological change over time. One of the major technology shifts occurring in the wood-using industry is the substitution of oriented strandboard (OSB) for plywood in the structural panel sector, as well as a shift in plywood production from the west to the south United States. Some data show these shifts. United States production of structural panels totaled 29.4 billion ft2 in 1999. Production of OSB increased from less than 3 billion ft2 in 1985 to 11.6 billion ft2 in 1999. Plywood production was 20.1 billion ft2 in 1985 before falling to 17.8 billion ft2 in 1999. The decline in plywood production reflects the continued increase in the OSB share of the traditional plywood market
Cosmic magnetic fields from velocity perturbations in the early universe

We show, using a covariant and gauge-invariant charged multifluid perturbation scheme, that velocity perturbations of the matter-dominated dust Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker model can lead to the generation of cosmic magnetic fields. Moreover, using cosmic microwave background constraints, it is argued that these fields can reach strengths of about 10−28 G at the time the dynamo mechanism sets in, making them plausible seed field candidates.
Melting in two dimensions with particle conservation

The standard analysis of two-dimensional melting assumes that the low energy states for the solid are represented by the ensemble of all configurations of a gas of dislocations. However, particle conservation is a constraint that confines the system to a subset of this ensemble. The chief implication of imposing the particle conservation constraint is that the bulk modulus has finite renormalization, and the correlation exponent at criticality is ν = 0.3527 . . . . PACS numbers: 05.70.Fh, 64.60.Cn, 82.65.Dp Typeset using REVTEX I. DISLOCATIONS AND TWO DIMENSIONAL MELTING At sufficiently low temperatures, two-dimensional matter can exhibit a solid phase, characterized by long-ranged orientational order and finite shear modulus. At higher temperatures there is a liquid phase, in which the shear modulus vanishes. Nelson and Halperin  and Young , building on the seminal work of Kosterlitz and Thouless , have given a theory of this transition in which dislocations play a central role . A dislocation in two dimensions is a point topological defect, characterized by a location ~r and a Burgers pseudovector ~b, which is the discontinuity in the (multiplyvalued) displacement field ~u(~r) along a branch line radiating from the defect, due to one or more lines of atoms having come to an end at ~r. We can equally well characterize it by the orientation ~c = (by,−bx)/|b|, which indicates the direction of the missing line of atoms. Free dislocations can relax shear stress by moving apart. At low temperatures this is prevented by the interaction between dislocations, which has the form
A File System Abstraction for Sense and Respond Systems

The heterogeneity and resource constraints of sense-and-respond systems significantly challenge system and application development. In this paper, we present a flexible, intuitive file system abstraction for organizing and managing sense-and-respond systems based on the Plan 9 design principles. A key feature is the support of multiple views of the system via filesystem namespaces. Constructed logical views present an application-specific representation of the network, thus enabling high-level programming. Concurrently, structural views of the network enable resource-efficient planning and execution of tasks. We present and motivate the design using several examples, outline research challenges and our plan to address them, and describe the current implementation state.
Red Kant, or the Persistence of the Third "Critique" in Adorno and Jameson

slogan-the one absolute and we may even say 'transhistorical' imperative of all dialectical thought-will unsurprisingly turn out to be the moral of The Political Unconscious as well."' A great deal of critical theory, since Jameson issued his mandate, has assumed an identity between the aesthetic (particularly in its Kantian and modernist versions) and the process of ideological deformation of the material, the real, the sociopolitical; ultimately, of the historical. For many critics working during the last two decades from the Marxian or Marxian-derived premises of the "critique of aesthetic ideology," it has been axiomatic that Kantian aesthetics and the art contemporaneous with it establish an essentialist or transcendental ideology of literary-cultural value whose Other, from romanticism through modernism, will be the material, the social, and the historical; whose Other, to formulate it more precisely, will be the critical attempt to engage the material, social, and historical from a political, interventionist
Transition to FDI Openness: Reconciling Theory and Evidence

Empirical studies quantifying the economic effects of increased foreign direct investment (FDI) have not provided conclusive evidence that they are positive, as theory predicts. This paper shows that the lack of empirical evidence is consistent with theory if countries are in transition to FDI openness. Anticipated welfare gains lead to temporary declines in domestic investment and employment. Also, growth measures miss some intangible FDI, which is expensed from company profits. The reconciliation of theory and evidence is accomplished with a multicountry dynamic general equilibrium model parameterized with data from a sample of 104 countries during 1980-2005. Although no systematic benefits of FDI openness are found, the model demonstrates that the eventual gains in growth and welfare can be huge, especially for small countries.
Integrating Concept Ontology and Multitask Learning to Achieve More Effective Classifier Training for Multilevel Image Annotation

In this paper, we have developed a new scheme for achieving multilevel annotations of large-scale images automatically. To achieve more sufficient representation of various visual properties of the images, both the global visual features and the local visual features are extracted for image content representation. To tackle the problem of huge intraconcept visual diversity, multiple types of kernels are integrated to characterize the diverse visual similarity relationships between the images more precisely, and a multiple kernel learning algorithm is developed for SVM image classifier training. To address the problem of huge interconcept visual similarity, a novel multitask learning algorithm is developed to learn the correlated classifiers for the sibling image concepts under the same parent concept and enhance their discrimination and adaptation power significantly. To tackle the problem of huge intraconcept visual diversity for the image concepts at the higher levels of the concept ontology, a novel hierarchical boosting algorithm is developed to learn their ensemble classifiers hierarchically. In order to assist users on selecting more effective hypotheses for image classifier training, we have developed a novel hyperbolic framework for large-scale image visualization and interactive hypotheses assessment. Our experiments on large-scale image collections have also obtained very positive results.
Ontology-Based Resource Matching in the Grid - The Grid Meets the Semantic Web

The Grid is an emerging technology for enabling resource sharing and coordinated problem solving in dynamic multi-institutional virtual organizations. In the Grid environment, shared resources and users typically span different organizations. The resource matching problem in the Grid involves assigning resources to tasks in order to satisfy task requirements and resource policies. These requirements and policies are often expressed in disjoint application and resource models, forcing a resource selector to perform semantic matching between the two. In this paper, we propose a flexible and extensible approach for solving resource matching in the Grid using semantic web technologies. We have designed and prototyped an ontology-based resource selector that exploits ontologies, background knowledge, and rules for solving resource matching in the Grid.
Corporate Taxes, Profit Shifting and the Location of Intangibles within Multinational Firms

Intangible assets are one major source of profit shifting opportunities due to a highly intransparent transfer pricing process. Our paper argues that multinational enterprises (MNEs) optimize their profit shifting strategy by locating shifting–relevant intangible property at affiliates with a low statutory corporate tax rate. Using panel data for European MNEs and controlling for unobserved time–constant heterogeneity between affiliates, we find that the lower a subsidiary’s tax rate relative to other affiliates of the multinational group the higher is its level of intangible asset investment. This effect is statistically and economically significant, even after controlling for subsidiary size and accounting for a dynamic intangible investment pattern.
In Reply to Hubbeling.

More on Medical Education in Africa  Dr. Hiatt and colleagues reported that strengthening the population health focus in East African health professions education can better prepare the African health care workforce to manage the infectious and chronic disease burden across the life span of the population they serve. With the population to economic diversity of medical students, nor probably to the racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in student bodies that is key to enhancing the cultural competence of medical school graduates.
Designing a language for creating conceptual browsing interfaces for digital libraries

Conceptual browsing interfaces can help educators and learners to locate and use learning resources in educational digital libraries; in particular, resources that are aligned with nationally-recognized learning goals. Towards this end, we are developing a Strand Map Library Service, based on the maps published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). This service includes two public interfaces: (1) a graphical user interface for use by teachers and learners and (2) a programmatic interface that enables developers to construct conceptual browsing interfaces using dynamically generated components. Here, we describe our iterative, rapid prototyping design methodology, and the initial round of language type components that have been implemented and evaluated.
Subordinating Timor: Central authority and the origins of communal identities in East Timor

In 2006, a mere seven years after the overwhelming vote in opposition to Indonesia's final offer of 'broad autonomy' and only four years after the restoration of independence, communal violence erupted in Dili, the capital of East Timor. This violence was framed in terms of tensions between westerners, known as kaladi, and easterners, known as firaku. This essay seeks to answer two basic puzzles. First, what are the origins of these communal labels? Second, why did these terms resonate so profoundly within East Timorese society so soon after independence? Tracing the history of these terms, this essay argues that across more than three centuries these communal labels have emerged during crucial struggles to exert central authority. In doing so, this essay highlights the relationship between regional identities and the social ecology of food.
Inducing High-Level Behaviors from Problem-Solving Traces Using Machine-Learning Tools

Many researchers consider interactive learning environments to be interesting solutions for overcoming the limits of classical one-to-many teaching methods. However, these environments should incorporate accurate representations of student knowledge to provide relevant guidance. In a problem-solving environment, one way to build and update this student model is model tracing, or using a detailed representation of cognitive skills to precisely follow what the student is doing. Some model-tracing tutors such as PAT ( contain rules that the system can use to solve the problem and assess the student's solution.
Parallel discrete-event simulation of population dynamics

Research in parallel simulation has been around for more than two decades. However, the number of papers reporting on its application to real world problems is limited. At the 2002 PADS conference, researchers discussed the need to go beyond synchronization and performance issues, and, in particular, to demonstrate that parallel simulation could be used in real world applications outside military and network simulations. Since then, we have seen an increase in the number of papers on the parallel simulation applications in areas such as operations management and the physical sciences. This paper advocates the application of parallel simulation in population dynamics which is often used as the basis for policy planning and analysis. In this paper, we show how the simulation model is implemented using the μsik parallel simulation library. We conduct some experiments to measure the simulation performance. The result shows that good event parallelism can be achieved.