nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
On Memory Reuse Between Inputs and Outputs of Dataflow Actors

This article introduces a new technique to minimize the memory footprints of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications specified with Synchronous Dataflow (SDF) graphs and implemented on shared-memory Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoCs). In addition to the SDF specification, which captures data dependencies between coarse-grained tasks called actors, the proposed technique relies on two optional inputs abstracting the internal data dependencies of actors: annotations of the ports of actors, and script-based specifications of merging opportunities between input and output buffers of actors. Experimental results on a set of applications show a reduction of the memory footprint by 48% compared to state-of-the-art minimization techniques.
A polysomnographic placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of eszopiclone relative to placebo and zolpidem in the treatment of primary insomnia.

To evaluate the polysomnographic efficacy and the safety of a range of doses of eszopiclone relative to placebo in patients with primary insomnia. Zolpidem 10 mg was included as an active control.



This multicenter, randomized, crossover study enrolled patients aged 21-64 years meeting the DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia (n = 65). Patients received 2 nights treatment each with placebo, eszopiclone 1 mg, 2 mg, 2.5 mg, or 3 mg, and zolpidem 10 mg after randomization to one of 6 treatment sequences. Visits were separated by a 3-7 day washout. Objective efficacy was assessed by polysomnography (PSG). The primary endpoint was latency to persistent sleep (LPS); key secondary endpoints were sleep efficiency (SE) and wake time after sleep onset (WASO); other endpoints included wake time during sleep (WTDS) and number of awakenings (NAW), as well as patient-reported variables.



LPS and SE were significantly different than placebo for all active treatments (p < 0.05 for all). Significant differences from placebo were noted in the 3 objective sleep maintenance measures (WASO, WTDS, and NAW) for eszopiclone 3 mg (p < 0.05), which was not the case for zolpidem 10 mg or the other eszopiclone doses. The incidence of central nervous system adverse events was 23.4% for zolpidem 10 mg, 6.2% to 12.5% for the eszopiclone doses, and 7.9% for placebo.



Relative to placebo, all active treatments were effective in reducing LPS and increasing SE. Eszopiclone 3 mg was significantly different from placebo on the 3 PSG measures of sleep maintenance (WASO, WTDS, and NAW). Significant differences between zolpidem 10 mg and eszopiclone (2 mg or 3 mg) were not observed for PSG-measured outcomes, although the study was not powered to detect differences between the active drug conditions.
Clofarabine, cyclophosphamide and etoposide as single-course re-induction therapy for children with refractory/multiple relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The safety and efficacy of the combination clofarabine/cyclophosphamide/etoposide were evaluated in children with advanced acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The study enrolled 25 paediatric patients (median age 12.5 years) with either refractory (n = 17; 68%) or multiple relapsed (n = 8; 32%) ALL to receive clofarabine 40 mg/m(2), cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m(2) and etoposide 150 mg/m(2), daily for 5 consecutive days. No patient died from treatment-related complications. The most common adverse events were febrile neutropenia, mucositis and reversible liver toxicity; no case of liver veno-occlusive disease was reported. The overall remission rate was 56%: 13 patients (52%) achieved complete remission (CR) and one (4%) CR without platelet recovery (CRp). In seven of the 13 (54%) patients achieving CR, remissions were of sufficient duration to allow patients to receive allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The probability of CR/CRp was greater in the 17 patients with B cell precursor ALL than in the eight with T-ALL (76% vs. 12%, respectively, P < 0.01). The 18-month overall survival probability was 39% and 0% in patients who did or did not respond to the treatment, respectively (P < 0.01). These data suggest that the clofarabine/cyclophosphamide/etoposide regimen is well tolerated and can induce clinical response in a relevant proportion of children with refractory/multiple relapsed ALL.
Changes in abdominal subcutaneous fat water content with rapid weight loss and long-term weight maintenance in abdominally obese men and women

Insulin resistance decreases blood flow and volume in fat tissue. We hypothesised that fat tissue nutritive blood flow and volume, and thereby water content, would increase during weight loss and weight maintenance in obese persons. Longitudinal clinical intervention with a 9-week very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by one year of weight maintenance. Obese men (n=13) and women (n=14) with the metabolic syndrome. Water content of abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue as estimated by a sensor on the skin surface measuring the dielectric constant at 300 MHz. Anthropometric measures of fatness and fat distribution. Biochemical measures related to insulin resistance. Subjects lost 14.5±3.4% of body weight during the VLCD, and generally sustained this weight loss during weight maintenance. Insulin sensitivity as estimated by an index (qualitative insulin sensitivity check index) increased during the VLCD, and remained increased throughout weight maintenance. The dielectric constant increased from 23.3±2.3 to 25.0±2.1 (P<0.001) during the VLCD, and further to 27.8±1.9 (P<0.001) during weight maintenance, indicating an increase in the water content of subcutaneous fat. The increase in subcutaneous fat water content did not correlate with weight loss and other measures of adiposity during the VLCD, but there was an inverse correlation that strengthened in significance from baseline to 6, 9 and 12 mo (r=−0.32 to −0.64, P=0.079–0.002). Increases in subcutaneous fat water content also correlated with improvements in insulin sensitivity at 6, 9 and 12 months of weight maintenance (r=0.34–0.54, P=0.094–0.006).CONCLUSIONS: Water content of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue increases with weight loss in obese persons with the metabolic syndrome, and may reflect increased subcutaneous fat tissue nutritive blood flow. The increase in water content correlates with the increase in insulin sensitivity, suggesting that weight loss and consequent improved insulin sensitivity could mediate the increase in abdominal subcutaneous fat hydration.
Obesity and body fat classification in the metabolic syndrome: impact on cardiometabolic risk metabotype.

Obesity is a key factor in the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. We investigated whether obesity classification by BMI and body fat percentage (BF%) influences cardiometabolic profile and dietary responsiveness in 486 MetS subjects (LIPGENE dietary intervention study).



Anthropometric measures, markers of inflammation and glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, adhesion molecules, and hemostatic factors were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks of four dietary interventions (high saturated fat (SFA), high monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and two low fat high complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diets, one supplemented with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs)).



About 39 and 87% of subjects classified as normal and overweight by BMI were obese according to their BF%. Individuals classified as obese by BMI (≥ 30 kg/m(2)) and BF% (≥ 25% (men) and ≥ 35% (women)) (OO, n = 284) had larger waist and hip measurements, higher BMI and were heavier (P < 0.001) than those classified as nonobese by BMI but obese by BF% (NOO, n = 92). OO individuals displayed a more proinflammatory (higher C reactive protein (CRP) and leptin), prothrombotic (higher plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)), proatherogenic (higher leptin/adiponectin ratio) and more insulin resistant (higher HOMA-IR) metabolic profile relative to the NOO group (P < 0.001). Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations were lower post-intervention in NOO individuals compared with OO subjects (P < 0.001).



In conclusion, assessing BF% and BMI as part of a metabotype may help to identify individuals at greater cardiometabolic risk than BMI alone.
Preliminary results for positron emission mammography: real-time functional breast imaging in a conventional mammography gantry

In order to optimally integrate radiotracer breast imaging within the breast clinic, anatomy and pathology should be easily correlated with functional nuclear medicine breast images. As a first step in the development of a hybrid functional/anatomic breast imaging platform with biopsy capability, a conventional X-ray mammography gantry was modified to image the compressed breast with positron emitters. Phantom studies with the positron emission mammography (PEM) device showed that a 1-cc hot spot could be detected within 5 min. A preliminary clinical trial demonstrated in vivo visualization of primary breast cancer within 4 min. For sites where positron-emitting radionuclides are available, PEM promises to achieve low-cost directed functional examination of breast abnormalities, with the potential for achieving X-ray correlation and image-guided biopsy.
Parkinsonism in a pair of monozygotic CADASIL twins sharing the R1006C mutation: a transcranial sonography study

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most common hereditary cerebral small vessel disease, is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene on chromosome 19. Clinical manifestations of CADASIL include recurrent transient ischemic attacks, strokes, cognitive defects, epilepsy, migraine and psychiatric symptoms. Parkinsonian features have variably been reported in CADASIL patients, but only a few patients showed a clear parkinsonian syndrome. We studied two patients, a pair of monozygotic twins, carrying the R1006C mutation of the NOTCH3 gene and affected by a parkinsonian syndrome. For the first time in CADASIL patients, we used transcranial sonography (TCS) to assess basal ganglia abnormalities. TCS showed a bilateral hyperechogenic pattern of substantia nigra in one twin, and a right hyperechogenic pattern in the other. In both patients, lenticular nuclei showed a bilateral hyperechogenic pattern, and the width of the third ventricle was slightly increased. The TCS pattern found in our CADASIL patients is characteristic neither for Parkinson’s disease, nor for vascular parkinsonism and seems to be specific and related to the disease-specific pathological features.
The Seattle Heart Failure Model predicts survival in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy: a validation study.

The Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) predicts mortality in patients with heart failure, but no study has investigated model performance in subjects with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).



Prospectively collected registry data of 427 patients with CRT were used for the evaluation of the discrimination and calibration performance of the SHFM. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. Calibration profile was assessed with the use of Hosmer-Lemeshow tests, and discrimination was assessed by calculating areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) derived from the model. Mean (SD) age of the study population was 61.2 (11.1) years (72.6% male). During a median follow-up of 24.7 months, 16.9% (72/427) of the patients reached the primary end point, with observed outcomes of 34/303, 54/234, and 72/97 at years 1, 2, and 5, respectively. No evidence of insufficient fit was found in any calibration tests. AUC estimates in all subjects were 0.7377 (95% CI 0.6575-0.8179) at year 1, 0.7936 (95% CI 0.7317-0.8556) at year 2, and 0.7572 (95% CI 0.6455-0.8689) at year 5.



SHFM offers an accurate prediction of survival in patients with CRT, with good observed calibration and AUC estimates indicating discrimination performance similar to those found by earlier validation studies.
What was useful about that session? Clients' and therapists' comments after sessions in the UK Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT).

The aim of this study was to report and contrast the aspects of two therapies considered by clients and therapists to be most and least useful.



In the UK Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT), 742 clients were treated by 49 therapists with up to three sessions of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) or up to eight sessions of social behaviour and network therapy (SBNT). After each treatment session, clients and therapists were asked to independently complete two sentences, one inviting a statement about the 'most useful' and the other about the 'least useful' thing that had happened during the session.



The proportion of 'most useful' sentences completed was greater than the proportion of 'least useful' and equally so for MET and SBNT. The content of comments was significantly different for the two treatments: more comments on social aspects followed SBNT and more motivational comments followed MET, with larger numbers of comments following both treatments that were more general. Clients more often completed 'most useful' sentences than therapists and less often completed 'least useful' sentences. There were a number of differences in the content of their comments: notably more 'most useful' client comments about talking to their therapists, and more therapist comments about client engagement.



MET and SBNT left distinct impressions on the participants immediately following treatment sessions, adding to the evidence that they are different treatments, and hence deepening the mystery about why outcomes following the two treatments were so similar [UKATT Research Team. (2005) Br Med J 331: 541-58].
Efficacy of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, for 12 weeks in patients with HCV genotype 3 or 6 infection.

We performed a phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 or 6.



We performed an open-label study of 126 patients with HCV genotype 3 or 6 infections at 2 centers in New Zealand from April 2013 through October 2014. Subjects were assigned 1 of 4 groups that received 12 weeks of treatment. Previously untreated patients with HCV genotype 3 were randomly assigned to groups given fixed-dose combination tablet of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (n = 25) or ledipasvir and sofosbuvir along with ribavirin (n = 26). Treatment-experienced patients with HCV genotype 3 (n = 50) received ledipasvir and sofosbuvir and ribavirin. Treatment-naïve or treatment-experienced patients with HCV genotype 6 (n = 25) received ledipasvir and sofosbuvir. The primary end point was the percentage of patients with HCV RNA ≤15 IU/mL 12 weeks after stopping therapy (sustained virologic response at 12 weeks [SVR12]).



Among treatment-naïve genotype 3 patients, 16 of 25 (64%) receiving ledipasvir and sofosbuvir alone achieved SVR12 compared with all 26 patients (100%) receiving ledipasvir and sofosbuvir and ribavirin. Among treatment-experienced patients with HCV genotype 3, forty-one of fifty achieved an SVR12 (82%). Among patients with HCV genotype 6, the rate of SVR12 was 96% (24 of 25 patients). The most common adverse events were headache, upper respiratory infection, and fatigue. One patient with HCV genotype 3 discontinued ledipasvir and sofosbuvir because of an adverse event (diverticular perforation), which was not considered treatment related.



In an uncontrolled, open-label trial, high rates of SVR12 were achieved by patients with HCV genotype 3 infection who received 12 weeks of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin, and by patients with HCV genotype 6 infection who received 12 weeks of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir without ribavirin. Current guidelines do not recommend the use of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, in patients with HCV genotype 3 infection.
Outcome of noninvasive ventilation in children with neuromuscular disease.

To assess the effect of institution of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on clinical outcome and quality of life (QOL) in a cohort of children with severe neuromuscular disorders.



We reviewed records and obtained clinical data from the year prior to commencing NIV and annually thereafter. Data obtained included diagnosis, patient symptoms, mortality, NIV adverse effects, pulmonary function tests, polysomnographic data, length of hospitalizations, and health care costs. Patients and parents completed questionnaires assessing QOL with NIV and recalling QOL before NIV.



Fourteen of 17 (82%) suitable patients were enrolled. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 84 months (median 30). Symptoms of daytime sleepiness (p = 0.003) and headache (p = 0.046) improved after initiation of NIV. Sleep quality assessed by polysomnography also improved. Hospitalization rates (p = 0.002) and health care costs (p = 0.003) decreased. QOL remained stable after NIV, despite disease progression.



Treatment of respiratory failure, in children with neuromuscular disease, with noninvasive ventilation results in a reduction in symptoms, hospitalizations, and health care costs without adverse effects on quality of life.
Antenatal HIV testing: assessment of a routine voluntary approach.

The authors thank Jeni Beecham, Margaret Brandeau, Miranda Mugford, Marie-Louise Newell, Angus Nicoll, Tony Oliver, Doug Owens, and Richard Smith, as well as our referees for their invaluable assistance at various stages of the study.  MJP and EJB conceived the idea for the project. MJP developed the cost effectiveness model in conjunction with EJB, SM, LS, MDSW, HH, and JCJ. EJB and SM provided the cost data that were used in the model. LS provided particular input on the social context. MDSW provided specific input on the clinical context relevant to the analyses as well as providing clinical care to many of the children who participated in the original study. MJP and EJB were primarily responsible for writing the paper; the paper was written in conjunction with SM, LS, MDSW, HH, and JCJ. MJP and EJB are guarantors of the study.
Continuous cerebral compliance monitoring in severe head injury: its relationship with intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure

Cerebral compliance expresses the capability to buffer an intracranial volume increase while avoiding a rise in intracranial pressure (ICP). The autoregulatory response to Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) variation influences cerebral blood volume which is an important determinant of compliance. The direction of compliance change in relation to CPP variation is still under debate. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between CPP and compliance in traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients by a new method for continuous monitoring of intracranial compliance as used in neuro-intensive care (NICU).  Three European NICU’s standardised collection of CPP, compliance and ICP data to a joint database. Data were analyzed using an unpaired student t-test and a multi-level statistical model.  For each variable 108,263 minutes of data were recorded from 21 TBI patients (19 patients GCS≤8; 90% male; age 10–77 y). The average value for the following parameters were: ICP 15.1±8.9 mmHg, CPP 74.3±14 mmHg and compliance 0.68±0.3 ml/mmHg. ICP was ≥20 mmHg in 20% and CPP<60 mmHg for 10.7% of the time. Compliance was lower (0.51±0.34 ml/mmHg) at ICP≥20 than at ICP<20 mmHg (0.73±0.37 ml/mmHg) (p<0.0001). Compliance was significantly lower at CPP<60 than at CPP≥60 mmHg: 0.56±0.36 and 0.70±0.37 ml/mmHg respectively (p<0.0001). The CPP – compliance relationship was different when ICP was above 20 mmHg compared with below 20 mmHg. At ICP<20 mmHg compliance rose as CPP rose. At ICP≥20 mmHg, the relation curve was convexly shaped. At low CPP, the compliance was between 0.20 and 0.30 ml/mmHg. As the CPP reach 80 mmHg average compliance was 0.55 ml/mmHg., but compliance fell to 0.40 ml/mmHg when CPP was 100 mmHg.  Low CPP levels are confirmed to be detrimental for intracranial compliance. Moreover, when ICP was pathological, indicating unstable intracranial equilibrium, a high CPP level was also associated with a low volume-buffering capacity.
Effects of obstructive sleep apnoea risk on postoperative respiratory complications: protocol for a hospital-based registry study

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), the most common type of sleep-disordered breathing, is associated with significant immediate and long-term morbidity, including fragmented sleep and impaired daytime functioning, as well as more severe consequences, such as hypertension, impaired cognitive function and reduced quality of life. Perioperatively, OSA occurs frequently as a consequence of pre-existing vulnerability, surgery and drug effects. The impact of OSA on postoperative respiratory complications (PRCs) needs to be better characterised. As OSA is associated with significant comorbidities, such as obesity, pulmonary hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke, it is unclear whether OSA or its comorbidities are the mechanism of PRCs. This project aims to (1) develop a novel prediction score identifying surgical patients at high risk of OSA, (2) evaluate the association of OSA risk on PRCs and (3) evaluate if pharmacological agents used during surgery modify this association.



Retrospective cohort study using hospital-based electronic patient data and perioperative data on medications administered and vital signs. We will use data from Partners Healthcare clinical databases, Boston, Massachusetts. First, a prediction model for OSA will be developed using OSA diagnostic codes and polysomnography procedural codes as the reference standard, and will be validated by medical record review. Results of the prediction model will be used to classify patients in the database as high, medium or low risk of OSA, and we will investigate the effect of OSA on risk of PRCs. Finally, we will test whether the effect of OSA on PRCs is modified by the use of intraoperative pharmacological agents known to increase upper airway instability, including neuromuscular blockade, neostigmine, opioids, anaesthetics and sedatives.


ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The Partners Human Research Committee approved this study (protocol number: 2014P000218). Study results will be made available in the form of manuscripts for publication and presentations at national and international meetings.