nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of glycerol on the structure and redox properties of horse heart cytochrome c. A circular dichroism and electrochemical study

The effect of glycerol on the structure and redox properties of horse heart cytochrome c was investigated by absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and dc cyclic voltammetry techniques. The results show that the organic solvent increases the α-helix structure of the protein and induces slight changes at the active-site environment; however, the overall tertiary structure does not appear to be significantly perturbed. Glycerol stabilizes cytochrome c, the free energy of denaturation (ΔG0) being approximately 0.7 kcal/mol larger than that determined in phosphate buffer under the same conditions, and influences the heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics at a chemically modified gold electrode; on the other hand, the redox potential of the protein is unaltered. On the whole, the results obtained indicate that glycerol acts as a suitable stabilizing agent of cytochrome c, which is of interest for application in biotechnology; the organic solvent does not alter the tertiary structure significantly or the redox properties of the protein. This has to be interpreted not only in terms of the glycerol-induced solvent ordering around the protein surface, but also as due to the specific features of the protein matrix.
Gothic Popular Culture

The American Imperial Gothic Popular Culture, Empire, Violence Johan Hoglund, Linnaeus University, Sweden The imagination of the early twenty-first century is catastrophic, with Hollywood blockbusters, novels, computer games, popular music, art and even political speeches all depicting a world consumed by vampires, zombies, meteors, aliens from outer space, disease, crazed terrorists and mad scientists. These frequently gothic descriptions of the apocalypse not only commodify fear itself; th...
“The Best of Me Is There”: Emerson as Lecturer and Celebrity

By definition, celebrities exist in public as an association of physical traits or projected values. Celebrity was problematic for Emerson in three areas. First, celebrity heightened Emerson's anxieties about his friendships and intimate relationships. Emerson's relative comfort in the public arena of the lecture hall, as compared with the private arena of intimate relationships, carries mixed results when attention to his body rather than his ideas becomes the focus of his success. Second, celebrity accentuates the tension between interest in public persons and the social conformity that Emerson consistently urges his readers to shun. Third, celebrity's attention to the physical person leads to misinterpretations of Emerson's lectures. From the first generation of Emerson's biographers forward, critics have disparaged contemporary audiences as insensitive to the complexities of his lectures. This essay, however, considers the possible uses of the celebrity for the culture that both created and mistook him. Viewed in the light of Emerson's celebrity, misinterpretation of his lectures reveals his audiences' appreciation for intellectual accomplishment and their desire for the spiritual uplift brought by physical proximity to "genius." In addition, because Emerson's celebrity encouraged a range of interpretations of his cultural relevance, it required individuals to examine Emerson's reputation for themselves, and it thereby fostered the kind of self-reliant thinking that Emerson himself advocated. Emerson's case reveals that, in an age of mass culture, the ability to interpret celebrities' significance is a key to critical thinking and a valuable form of literacy.
An analysis of a survey of reliability engineers regarding performance

This paper presents the results of a survey of Reliability Engineers relating their impact on their company or organization. The survey was performed at the June 2016 North American Applied Reliability Symposium and relates to a presentation of “10 Questions every Reliability Engineer should answer Yes, and Why”. There were 49 responses to the survey out of an audience of about 70. The most surprising result was that four engineers checked that they did not make the product better in their jobs as Reliability Engineers. There was also a significant number who could not assess their value to their company (organization) and there was also a significant number who did not do their effort early in a program/project
Eisenstein, Shub and the Gender of the Author as Producer

biography to be written in or translated into English.1 Numerous shorter biographical sketches have been published and Eisenstein's sometimes enigmatic personal life, his very public career, and his unfinished as well as completed creative projects continue to fascinate readers and viewers of his films. This fascination has been renewed as, over the last two decades in particular, hitherto inaccessible archival material has gradually become available. The existence of four Eisenstein biographies in English suggests that what is known about the great Soviet director lends itself readily to dramatic narrativisation, and thatthere is enough interest in him as an individual creator to periodically justify this enterprise. The Eisenstein biographies are one tangible manifestation of what lan Christie refers to at the beginning of his 'Introduction' to the collection of essays Eisenstein Rediscovered: the '"aura" that surrounds him'.2 Christie goes on to discuss new film historical work in the 1980s and 1990s which has substantially redefined the terms of that 'aura'. This work fully acknowledges the diversity of Eisenstein's interests and activities, and situates him within a 'new, more sophisticated totality' which takes into account preas well as post-Revolutionary cultural and intellectual influences.3 The net result of this new historical work has been to enhance rather than displace Eisenstein's 'aura', but the brief allusion to Walter Benjamin should give pause for thought. Eisenstein emerged from a Soviet avant-garde cultural context which questioned traditional notions of authorship and influenced Benjamin's critique of the individualised creation of 'auratic' artworks. The Western European and North American canonisation of Eisenstein as a seminal filmmaker and theorist (a reception history which has yet to be thoroughly explored) has obscured the fact that, as far as film and media authorship is concerned, Soviet avant-garde film culture bequeathed a divided legacy to Western scholarship.4 Discussions of Eisenstein tend to take place quite separately from considerations of the radical critique and reformulation of traditional notions of authorship (cinematic and otherwise) proposed by certain Soviet avantgarde theorists in the 1920s. This debate around authorship passed into the intellectual traditions of Western Marxism, principally through the work of writers such as Walter Benjamin, in 'The Author as Producer' (1934), and informs more recent reformulations such as Hans Magnus Enzensberger's 'Constituents of a Theory of the Media' (1970).5 Although he has now been severed from this particular historical context, Eisenstein's emergence as one of the key reference points within world film culture was intimately bound up with this Soviet avant-garde debate about authorship which fed into Western Marxism.
Corporate reputation in the People's Republic of China: A B2B perspective

How B2B firms in the People's Republic of China [PRC] view, value and manage their corporate reputation has received little research attention. Drawing on multiple case studies, our findings confirm that firms are utilizing certain Western conceptualizations of corporate reputation, including the leveraging of intangible forms of corporate reputation. However, many of the firms were also using the hitherto underemphasized elements of firm–government relationships and government regulatory policies to create positive assessments of a firm's reputation among key stakeholders. Notwithstanding our findings that corporate reputation is valued as a means of gaining competitive advantage and dispelling perceptions that Chinese products/services are low-cost and low-quality, concern remains that building reputation capital among stakeholders may result in a loss of price competitiveness. Finally, unlike the framework proposed by Barnett, Jermier, and Lafferty (2006), our results suggest that B2B firms in China do not impose clear boundaries between reputation and ‘corporate reputation capital’. Nor does there appear to be an emphasis on disaggregating the constructs of identify and image from that of reputation.
Ecological construction achievements assessment and its revelation of ecological project in Three Rivers Headwaters Region

The main methods and results of scientific monitoring and assessment to ecological protection and construction project inThree Rivers Headwaters Region of Qinghai province were introduced in the paper.A series of scientific questions related to ecologicalpmjeet achievement and its reasons were answered.And main limitations of achievements of ecological pmjeet were analyzed.On thatbasis,we put forward main revelations and suggestions involved ecological project achievements assessment for policy makers andpmjeet executives.
A Child By Any Other Name... A Comparison of the Playfulness of Gifted and Nongifted Children

Fifteen preschool children, designated gifted by standard intelligence testing procedures, were matched with a nongifted preschool sample. The children were observed and rated on the degree of composite playfulness they established as well as on five constituent play dimensions. Results indicated the gifted children demonstrated higher degrees of physical, social, and cognitive play styles but were equivalent to the nongifted group in sense of humor and manifest joy. Significant sex differences were also obtained, with boys demonstrating more physical exuberance, active play patterns, teasing and joking during play, and less variety. Findings were discussed as they reflect on developmental changes through childhood and point to accelerated distributions for gifted children.
The present status of Einsteinian relativistic celestial mechanics.

The present status of Einsteinian relativistic celestial mechanics is reviewed. Starting from a conceptual description of the problem at the Newtonian level, we compare the basic concepts of relativistic celestial mechanics to those of Newtonian one. Some problems to be solved in the years to come are formulated. In the following we want to consider the gravitational N-body problem, i.e. we deal with the dynamics of N distinct bodies of arbitrary shape and composition under the innuence of their mutual gravitational interaction. Other, non-gravitational forces will not be considered here. For didactical reasons let us rst summarize the Newtonian treatment of this problem. Newtonian celestial mechanics is coined by the existence of a class of preferred Cartesian inertial coordinates, x = (ct; x i). Such inertial coordinates exist globally in Newton's framework, i.e. they cover the entire space-time manifold. Moreover, these preferred coordinates in Newton's theory have direct physical meaning: they are directly related with the observables. The basic variables of Newtonian celestial mechanics are the local matter variables (mass-density), v (the velocity eld of matter) and t ij (the stress-tensor, containing pressure, elastic stresses, etc.) and the gravitational eld variable U (Newtonian potential). These variables obey the local equations of motion @ @t + r(v) = 0; (1) @v i @t + @ @x j h v i v j + t ij i = @ @x i U : (2) The rst equation describes the conservation of mass (continuity equation) and the second one is the force density equation (the Euler equation). The eld equation (Poisson equation), U = ?4GG; (3) completes our set of diierential equations. If one adds some equations of state of matter (e.g., pressure as function of density for cold matter or stress-strain relations) in principle these equations would be suucient to formulate Newtonian celestial mechanics in one Cartesian inertial 1
Two Patterns of Transcendence A Reply to Washburn

This article is a response to Michael Washburn's "Two Patterns of Transcendence," in which he maintains that there are two dominant but incompatible paradigms in transpersonal psychology: Jung's Analytic Psychology and Wilber's Spectrum Psychology. The conclusion of this article is that the two psychological paradigms are not incompatible, and that the Jungian model can, in essential respects, be incorporated into the spectrum model.
From the "Learning-Centered" Rhetoric of School Reform: A Philosophical Commentary

OPENING REMARKS As a teacher educator working in a predominantly undergraduate institution, I particularly welcome this opportunity to discuss topics that relate philosophical inquiry to educational practice, and promote conversation within the broad educational community. For years, educational philosophers as a group have often been challenged, and sometimes frustrated, by a seeming reality that we have not been particularly recognized for our role in the educational decision making process. Our work, perceived by the American public and our colleagues in the educational community, seems remote, to say the least, to what is going on in the real life of schools.
Using genetic algorithms to evolve a population of topical queries

Systems for searching the Web based on thematic contexts can be built on top of a conventional search engine and benefit from the huge amount of content as well as from the functionality available through the search engine interface. The quality of the material collected by such systems is highly dependant on the vocabulary used to generate the search queries. In this scenario, selecting good query terms can be seen as an optimization problem where the objective function to be optimized is based on the effectiveness of a query to retrieve relevant material. Some characteristics of this optimization problem are: (1) the high-dimensionality of the search space, where candidate solutions are queries and each term corresponds to a different dimension, (2) the existence of acceptable suboptimal solutions, (3) the possibility of finding multiple solutions, and in many cases (4) the quest for novelty. This article describes optimization techniques based on Genetic Algorithms to evolve ''good query terms'' in the context of a given topic. The proposed techniques place emphasis on searching for novel material that is related to the search context. We discuss the use of a mutation pool to allow the generation of queries with new terms, study the effect of different mutation rates on the exploration of query-space, and discuss the use of a especially developed fitness function that favors the construction of queries containing novel but related terms.
An Intelligent Scientific Workflows Failure Prediction Model using Ensemble Learning Technique

Cloud computing is a distributed computing paradigm which is considered as the computing platform that is going to be the pioneering field for the next ten years. Apart from several industrial, business applications being deployed, this paradigm is additionally attracting several scientific communities to utilize the services of the cloud for running massive scale knowledge and computation intensive applications like a montage, that is employed in astronomy. workflow is defined as a group of task and dependencies between the tasks that are used for expressing numerous scientific applications. The main issue in running these workflow applications is mapping the tasks of the workflow to an appropriate resource in the cloud environment. Scheduling these workflows in a computing environment. To overcome these failures, the workflow scheduling system should be fault tolerant. The fault tolerance by using replication and resubmission of tasks supported the priority of the tasks. The replication of tasks depends on a heuristic metric that is calculated by finding the trade-off between the replication issue and resubmission issue. As scientific workflows scale to many thousands of distinct tasks, failures because of the software package and hardware faults become progressively common. We study job failure models for data collected from different scientific applications, by our proposed framework. In particular, we show that the Ensemble Learning classifier can accurately predict the failure probability of jobs. Failure prediction models have been implemented through machine learning approaches and evaluated performance metrics. The models allow us to predict job failures for a given execution resource and then use these failure predictions for two higher-level goals: (1) to suggest a better job assignment, and (2) to provide quantitative feedback to the workflow component developer about the robustness of their application codes.
Interaction among substrates, inhibitors and Mn2+ bound to glutamine synthetase as studied by NMR relaxation rate measurements.

The interaction of Mn2+ with the substrate glutamate and several transition state analog inhibitors of glutamine synthetase has been studied. With Mn2+ bound to the tight binding site, the frequency and temperature dependence of the paramagnetic contribution to solvent water proton relaxation rates demonstrate changes in the structure of the metal ion environment induced by substrate or inhibitor binding. The water proton relaxation rate data also show differences in the metal ion environment in the presence of glutamate compared to methionine sulfoximine, a structural analog of an intermediate in the reaction mechanism. Additionally, the distance between the metal ion and the phosphorus atom of an inhibitor, 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid, was estimated (approximately 5 A) using NMR measurements. These data are in accord with our recent hypothesis that the role of the metal ion is to stabilize the tetrahedral adduct formed on the reaction pathway.
Eradicating typological thinking in prokaryotic systematics and evolution.

In 1982, John Maynard Smith called for an evolutionary "New Synthesis" specific for prokaryotes, observing that "population thinking has been well developed for fully half a century, but has yet to be adopted by microbiology" (Maynard Smith 1982). Twenty-seven years later, typological thinking (population thinking's antithesis) still dominates the field. Evidence for this includes the continuing debates on the reality of prokaryotic species, the value of the term "prokaryote," and the significance of the tree of life (TOL). In each case, the unexpected prevalence of interlineage transfer of genetic information has been (or should now be) the catalyst for the final Darwinization of our discipline. With examples from phylogenomics, I argue that "species," "domains," and the "TOL" are reifications that we can do without, especially as genomics dissolves into metagenomics.
REGISPRO, a Geohydrological Information System

Water resources management, nature conservation and environmental legislation in general have become very complex in recent years, in particular in industrialised countries. Environmental legislation has developed into a difficult and unpleasant task to many planners at national, regional and local governmental levels, because of the need to reconcile the interests of different users with the functions of certain elements of the hydrological cycle. Groundwater supply for industries and drinking water, nature conservation, recreation, agriculture, pollution control, etc. are examples of such rivalling users with often strongly conflicting interests. Planners, managers and legislators are faced with the difficult task of finding both realistic and economically feasible solutions which hopefully satisfy the needs and demands of all involved parties. Furthermore, thanks to the publicity on ecology and environment, the general public has become aware of the ongoing deterioration of ecosystems and of groundwater quality and is urging policy makers to take firm action.
Cognitive Deficits Underlying Learning Disabilities: Research Perspectives from the United States

An estimated 150 million children are learning disabled within the world. Children with learning disabilities constitute the largest handicapping condition as well as the largest number of underserved or unserved students. Despite their widespread nature, few countries formally recognize learning disabilities as a handicapping condition or provide services to students who exhibit them. Methods that improve identification and intervention require a solid scientific foundation, one that will be strengthened by the research involvement of school psychologists and others in various countries. This article summarizes research concerning the cognitive qualities associated with the identification and remediation of learning disabilities, principally in reading, spelling and mathematics, as described through current literature from the United States and Canada. Professionals from other countries are encouraged to contribute to our literature on this pervasive and underserved disorder through research conducted in...
Ferroelectric Fe–Cr Codoped BaTiO3 Nanoparticles for the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Azo Dyes

Ferroelectric Fe3+Cr3+ codoped BaTiO3 nanopowders have been successfully synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The results indicate that by molar adjustment of the cations the apparent optical absorption edge of the codoped ferroelectrics can be red-shifted in comparison to undoped BaTiO3 ferroelectric. The interfacial charge transfer properties of the materials as evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry reveal an average charge transfer resistance. The nanopowders are then explored as photocatalysts for the degradation of methyl orange under calibrated solar irradiation. The results show that Fe3+ doping increases the photoabsorption and improves the degradation process for up to 4 mol % in the precursors. For higher concentrations, the effect is reduced due to a partial loss of tetragonality of the ferroelectric material. The best photocatalytic performance achieved with the 4 mol % Fe3+ is 3.7 times higher than that of undoped BaTiO3 nanop...
The Faces of Reason an Essay on Philosophy and Culture in English Canada, 1850-1950 /Leslie Armour and Elizabeth Trott. --. --

"The Faces of Reason" traces the history of philosophy in English Canada from 1850 to 1950, examining the major English-Canadian philosophers in detail adn setting them in the context of the main currents of Canadian thought. The book concludes with a brief survey of the period after 1950. What is distinctive in Canadian philosophy, say the authors, is the concept of reason and the uses to which it is put. Reason has interacted with experience in a new world and a cold climate to create a distinctive Canadian community. The diversity of political, geographic, social, and religious factors has fostered a particular kind of thinking, particular ways of reasoning and communicating. Rather than one grand, overarching Canadian way of thinking, there are many faces of reason, a kind of philosophic federalism . The book has two dimensions: it is a continuos story which makes a point about the development of philosophical reason in the Canadian context.... it is a reference work which may be consulted by readers interested in particular figures, ideas, movements, or periods. "
Light scalar mesons in photon—photon collisions

Discovered more than forty years ago and from the very start a stumbling block for the naive quark–antiquark model, light scalar mesons are virtually universally believed to be nontrivial in nature today. A major contribution to understanding the nature of light scalar mesons has come from the physics of photon–photon collisions, a field which has recently entered the era of high-precision statistics. In this paper, conclusions from current experimental data concerning the mechanisms of the two-photon creation of light scalar mesons are reviewed.