nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Playing with history: negotiating subjectivity in contemporary lens based work

Contemporary artists exploring Jewish identity in the UK are caught between two exclusions, broadly speaking: an art community that that sees itself as ‘post –identity’ and a ‘black’ art scene that revolves around the organizations that emerged out of the Identity debates of the 1980s and 1990s, namely Iniva, Third Text, Autograph. These organizations and those debates, don’t usually include Jewish identity within their remit as Jewish artists are considered to be well represented in the British art scene and, in any case, white. Out of these assumptions, questions arise in relation to the position of Jews in Britain and what is at stake for an artist in exploring Jewish Identity in their work. There is considerable scholarship, relatively speaking on art and Jewish Identity in the US (such as Lisa Bloom; Norman Kleeblatt; Catherine Sousslouf), which inform the debates on visual culture and Jews. In this chapter, I will be drawing out some of the distinctions between the US and the UK debates within my analysis, building on my own writing over the last ten years as well as the work of Juliet Steyn, Jon Stratton and Griselda Pollock. 
 
In short, this chapter aims to explore the problematic of what Jewish Identity can offer the viewer as art; what place such art inhabits within a wider artistic context and how, if at all, it is received. There is a predominance of lens based work that explores Identity arising out of the provenance of feminist practices and the politics of documentary that will be important in the framing of the work. I do not aim to consider what constitutes a Jewish artist, that has been done elsewhere and is an inadequate and somewhat spurious conversation . I will also not be focusing on artists whose intention is to celebrate an unproblematised Jewishness (however that is constituted in any given work). Recent artworks and scholarship has in any case rendered the trumpeting of attachment to any singular identity anachronistic at best. I will focus on artists working in the UK who incorporate questions of Jewishness into a larger visual enquiry that build on Judith Butler’s notion of identity as process or performative as well as the more recent debates and artwork that consider the intersectionality of identifications that co-constitute provisional identities (Jones, Modood, Sara Ahmed, Braidotti/Nikki S Lee, Glenn Ligon). The case studies to think through these questions of identity, will be artworks by Susan Hiller, Doug Fishbone and Suzanne Triester. In thinking through works by these artists, I will also serve to contextualise them, situating them briefly within the history of the landmark exhibition in the UK, Rubies and Rebels and the work of Ruth Novaczek, Lily Markewitz, Oreet Ashery and myself.
Reverse mathematics and Ramsey's property for trees

We show, relative to the base theory RCAo: A nontrivial tree satisfies Ramsey's Theorem only if it is biembeddable with the complete binary tree. There is a class of partial orderings for which Ramsey's Theorem for pairs is equivalent to ACAo. Ramsey's Theorem for singletons for the complete binary tree is stronger than %, hence stronger than Ramsey's Theorem for singletons for . These results lead to extensions of results, or answers to questions, of Chubb, Hirst, and McNicholl . ?
GraphReduce: processing large-scale graphs on accelerator-based systems

Recent work on real-world graph analytics has sought to leverage the massive amount of parallelism offered by GPU devices, but challenges remain due to the inherent irregularity of graph algorithms and limitations in GPU-resident memory for storing large graphs. We present GraphReduce, a highly efficient and scalable GPU-based framework that operates on graphs that exceed the device's internal memory capacity. GraphReduce adopts a combination of edge- and vertex-centric implementations of the Gather-Apply-Scatter programming model and operates on multiple asynchronous GPU streams to fully exploit the high degrees of parallelism in GPUs with efficient graph data movement between the host and device. GraphReduce-based programming is performed via device functions that include gatherMap, gatherReduce, apply, and scatter, implemented by programmers for the graph algorithms they wish to realize. Extensive experimental evaluations for a wide variety of graph inputs and algorithms demonstrate that GraphReduce significantly outperforms other competing out-of-memory approaches.
From the editors: describing new taxa of unicellular protists.

Since its inception as The Journal of Protozoology, our Society journal has been an important venue for publication of new taxa. However, there has never been a formal style requirement for the components of descriptions of new taxa in The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology (The JEM). Our community has relied upon the articles and recommendations by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature. The Fourth Edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), produced by the Commission, is available on-line at (http://www.iczn.org/ iczn/index.jsp). However, as the Society broadened the mandate of the journal from protozoology to eukaryotic microbiology, there is no compelling reason why new taxa cannot be described in our journal following the articles and recommendations of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) whose Vienna Code is also available on-line at (http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/ main.htm). The elements of a description of a new taxon of unicellular protist are outlined below. We have tried to be as general as possible with the comments below. However, since our expertise is with the ciliated and flagellated protozoa, we invite comments from the readership to refine this document further.
Enhanced electrical, optical and chemical properties of graphene oxide through a novel phase transformation

Graphene oxide (GO) is a versatile,
solution-processable candidate material for next-generation,
large-area, ultrathin electronics, optoelectronics, energy
conversion and storage technologies. GO is an atom-thick sheet of
carbon functionalized with several oxygen-containing groups
dominated by the epoxy and hydroxyl functional groups on the basal
plane, with carboxyls and lactols at the sheet edges. It is well
known that reduction of GO at temperatures > 150°C leads to the
removal of oxygen atoms from the carbon plane, leading to the
formation of reduced GO (rGO) structures. Although GO has been
utilized for multiple applications in the last decade, our
understanding of the structure-property relationships at the
atomic-level has still been lacking owing to the amorphous nature
and chemical inhomogeneity of GO, which has in turn limited our
ability to design and tailor GO nanostructures for high-performance
applications. In particular, the material's structure and its
structural evolution at mild annealing temperatures (< 1000°C)
has been largely unexplored. In this thesis, we use a combination
of first-principles computations, classical molecular dynamics
simulations based on reactive force fields and experiments to model
realistic GO structures and develop a detailed understanding of the
relationship between the carbon-oxygen framework and the sheet
properties, at the atomic level. Based on our understanding, we
demonstrate a new phase transformation in GO sheets at mild
annealing temperatures (50-80°C), where the oxygen content is
preserved and as-synthesized GO structures undergo a phase
separation into prominent oxidized and graphitic domains
facilitated by oxygen diffusion. Consequently, as-synthesized GO
that absorbs mainly in the ultraviolet region becomes strongly
absorbing in the visible region, photoluminescence is blue shifted
and electronic conductivity increases by up to four orders of
magnitude. We then use this novel phase transformation to improve
two sets of applications. 1) We demonstrate that cell capture
devices making use of phase transformed-GO substrates have higher
capture efficiencies compared to devices making use of
as-synthesized GO substrates. 2) We show that the reduction of
phase transformed-GO leads to better electrical properties of rGO
thin films. Our results fill an important gap and establish a
complete theory for structural evolution of GO over the entire
range of temperatures, i.e. from room temperature to ~1000°C. Taken
together, this structural transition in GO enables us to predict
and control the sheet properties in new ways, as opposed to
reduction, which is till date the only handle to control the
structure of GO. This could potentially open the door for
completely new applications or for enhancing the performance of
existing applications based on GO.
A successful transaction-level simulation model of the U.S. securities marketplace

In 2004, following the Livewire Cyber Exercise, subject-matter experts from the financial services industry, academic researchers and experts in developing simulation models and running exercises met to discuss the gap that then existed between the standard mode of exercises and how decisions are actually made at banks and securities firms, clearing firms and exchanges, and other key players within financial services. The group discussed how that gap might be addressed and decided upon a closed-loop, transaction-level simulation model as being the best approach. A team of simulation experts built DECIDE-FS™ (Distributed Environment for Critical Infrastructure Decision-Making Exercises-Financial Services) with extensive guidance from financial services professionals provided via the SMART program of the Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council R&D Committee. DECIDE-FS™ has evolved into a realistic transaction-level simulation of the U.S. securities industry. It is used for exercises, particularly those involving cyber disruption scenarios, which engage broker-dealers, stock exchanges, and other entities such as government agencies and industry associations. In this paper, the authors describe how the DECIDE-FS™ model was conceived and evolved, and how it has been used as the basis for numerous exercises and training sessions. The unique approach to managing exercises, direct player involvement throughout an exercise, the use of virtual artificial-intelligence players and advanced communications support are particular features of the DECIDE-FS™ model that have made for a realistic representation of the industry and its members. These features result in a realistic interchange among participants and role-based decision-making in real time throughout the exercise. The authors also discuss how the DECIDE-FS™ model might be readily adapted to other critical infrastructure sectors, such as electric power, telecommunications and transportation, as well as to supply-chain risk management for critical manufacturing, and emergency management. The feasibility of making the model operational is also discussed.
Cultural landscapes: Gilbert White and the natural history of Selbourne

In the exhibition of National Trust garden drawings and designs at present touring the United States is a marvellous watercolour by Samuel Hieronymous Grimm, which shows Henry White (brother of Gilbert) dressed as a hermit standing before the conically roofed hermitage at Selbourne. The image was engraved as an oval vignette to face the title page of the first edition of The Natural History and Antiquities of Selbourne. The bicentennial of that publication fell in 1989 and was celebrated by an exhibition at Stanford University and by this pamphlet (it is called a "keepsake"), which, besides listing the various items chosen in the exhibition to provide an intricate cultural framework for White's Selbourne, contains two essays by English literary scholars.
Resuscitating Businessman Risk: A Rationale for Familiarity-Based Portfolios

This paper studies two frequently observed portfolio behaviors that are seemingly inconsistent with rational portfolio choice. The first is the tendency of workers and entrepreneurs to hold their company's stock. The second is the propensity of workers to limit their equity holdings through time. The explanation offered here for both of these behaviors lies in the option to switch jobs when one?s company does poorly. This is equivalent to holding put options on one's own company stock and call options on the other company's stock, where both options must be exercised at the same time. Given these initial undiversified implicit financial holdings, workers need to allocate a relatively large share of their regular financial assets to their own company's stock and a relatively small share to the stock of their alternative employment simply to restore overall portfolio balance. I find that, under certain conditions, workers optimally hold almost 40% of their financial wealth in their company's stock.
The Effect of Actor and Issue Classifications on the Analysis of Global Conflict-Cooperation

T HE REALIST PARADIGM, associated with the work of Hans Morgenthau, has dominated Western scholarly enquiry into world politics. Despite the intuitive satisfaction derived from that map of reality, serious questions have been raised in recent years about the utility of this paradigm to produce theoretically significant findings.' The failure of the familiar paradigm to produce explanations and predictions that survive empirical tests may be due to distortions that the map creates in data collections. This research note will examine some distortions that result from three simplifications: the emphasis
Pain and its treatment in patients with cancer in Korea.

Substantial pain is experienced by a lot of patients with cancer, and undertreated pain significantly undermines their quality of life. Despite international and national guidelines on cancer pain management, the practical effectiveness of management is still problematic. We did a prospective cross-sectional survey on pain prevalence, pain intensity, its impact on daily activity, and adequacy of pain management in 823 patients treated by medical oncologists and radiologic oncologists. At the time of the survey, 29.7% of the patients had pain that was moderate or severe. Performance status and tumor extent were significant predictors of pain presence and its intensity. Pain severity and the proportion of the patients whose function is impaired are highly associated. Among the patients with pain, only 37% rated pain relief as satisfactory. Forty-one percent of the patients with pain received inadequate pain management. Physicians did not adjust the analgesic prescription in about 53% of the patients who reported severe pain. These results demonstrate the alarming degree of undertreatment of pain in patients with cancer in Korea, and indicate the need to improve the management of cancer-related pain. Future research should elucidate the factors that impede adequate pain management in order to overcome obstacles to adequate treatment.
Optimization of Inter-Subnet Belief Updating in Multiply Sectioned Bayesian Networks

Recent developments show that Multiply Sectioned Bayesian Networks (MSBNs) can be used for diagnosis of natural systems as well as for model-based diagnosis of artificial systems. They can be applied to single-agent oriented reasoning systems as well as multi-agent distributed probabilistic reasoning systems. Belief propagation between a pair of subnets plays a central role in maintenance of global consistency in a MSBN. This paper studies the operation UpdateBelief, presented originally with MSBNs, for inter-subnet propagation. We analyze how the operation achieves its intended functionality, which provides hints as for how its efficiency can be improved. We then define two new versions of UpdateBelief that reduce the computation time for inter-subnet propagation. One of them is optimal in the sense that the minimum amount of computation for coordinating multi-linkage belief propagation is required. The optimization problem is solved through the solution of a graph-theoretic problem: the minimum weight open tour in a tree.
Structure-Reactivity Relationship in the Reaction of Highly Reactive Zinc with Alkyl Bromides.

Zinc is different! Unlike with magnesium or lithium, the reactions of organic bromides with highly reactive zinc (Zn*) show sensitivity for the structure of the organic moiety. Selective insertions of Zn into tertiary C-Br bonds can be achieved [Eq. (a)]. Competitive kinetic techniques were used to quantify these findings.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OR ADAPTIVE BUSINESS NETWORK? – COORDINATION VERSUS COLLABORATION

You are not the only company capable to create value for your clients. For making valuable products, for performing high standard services, one company is no longer enough in this new informational era, in this new needs era. Better business performing means now to satisfy more complex needs quicker than ever. Could one company face this challenge alone? Is there another way? Collaboration may be the answer. Maybe the most well-known term when it comes to collaboration between companies is Supply Chain. Why Supply Chain, why Supply Chain Management (SCM)? This article presents the answers to these questions, but also presents different approaches regarding SCM: the logistics approach regarding supply chain management, the strategic approach, the new entrepreneurial approach, supply chain as a win-win game. New paradigms regarding collaboration appeared regarding business collaboration: Adaptive Business Network (ABN). Do these new concepts imply the dead of SCM? Or are them only a new wave in SCM terminology and business orientation? Our conclusion is that these new approach is a normal change in business: businesses are made by people and people don’t like to be conducted (managed). The old-fashioned SCM was based on a coordinator versus several obedients relation. It is absolutely normal to dream at freedom and to be not very efficient while you have to play after somebody else rules. ABN is in the other side of human relations and also business relations – it insists on partnering. Everybody is a part of a chain which has as its main goal customer satisfaction, has the right to make proposals, to negotiate, and to be a winner. Of course, ABN appearance does not involve SCM disappearance, but change in how some chains are managed, in how some chains function. We shall see for the future if an organization with several brains is more successful.
Firm-Specific Characteristics and Corporate Financial Disclosure: Evidence from an Emerging Market

This study aims to empirically investigate the association between firm-specific characteristics and corporate financial disclosure among Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE)-listed firms. Consistent with prior disclosure research, the extent of corporate disclosures among all KSE-listed firms in 2010 was measured using a selfconstructed disclosure index. The results show that the mean level of mandatory disclosures for all KSE-listed firms in 2010 was 74% and ranged from 41–95%. The regression results suggest that older, highly leveraged, larger, and profitable KSElisted firms are associated with high levels of disclosures. Importantly, the results reveal significant variations in disclosure levels across the three possible auditor combinations, implying the importance of high quality and rigorous external audits in promoting corporate disclosures. The study contributes to the extant literature by extending corporate disclosure research into the Kuwaiti emerging market that comprise different economic, social, political, and cultural characteristics.
Verification across Intellectual Property Boundaries

In many industries, the importance of software components provided by third-party suppliers is steadily increasing. As the suppliers seek to secure their intellectual property (IP) rights, the customer usually has no direct access to the suppliers’ source code, and is able to enforce the use of verification tools only by legal requirements. In turn, the supplier has no means to convince the customer about successful verification without revealing the source code. This article presents an approach to resolve the conflict between the IP interests of the supplier and the quality interests of the customer. We introduce a protocol in which a dedicated server (called the “amanat”) is controlled by both parties: the customer controls the verification task performed by the amanat, while the supplier controls the communication channels of the amanat to ensure that the amanat does not leak information about the source code. We argue that the protocol is both practically useful and mathematically sound. As the protocol is based on well-known (and relatively lightweight) cryptographic primitives, it allows a straightforward implementation on top of existing verification tool chains. To substantiate our security claims, we establish the correctness of the protocol by cryptographic reduction proofs.
Maximizing Performance of Al-Fe Alloys Processed by High-Pressure Torsion with Optimized Initial Microstructure and Processing Route

The microstructure evolution of dilute Al-Fe alloys processed by High-Pressure Torsion (HPT) was studied in detail with special focus on the phase identification, phase distribution and orientation relationships between phases by high-resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy (HR-S/TEM) and on structural analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The alloys were characterized after HPT and subsequent aging treatments. Microstructures were well controlled for cast samples with 2wt%Fe containing a mixture of α-Al phase and eutectics of Al3Fe and Al6Fe. Supersaturation of Fe was achieved in the ultrafine-grained matrix, and successive aging led to a very fine dispersion of the intermetallic phases. The electrical conductivity after the aging treatments was significantly recovered to well over 50%IACS while simultaneously increasing the yield strength above 600 MPa via precipitation of dissolved Fe. These results show that even with low Fe fraction it is possible to improve mechanical and electrical properties of Al alloys for further advanced applications.
μ-Limit Sets of Cellular Automata from a Computational Complexity Perspective

This paper concerns $\mu$-limit sets of cellular automata: sets of configurations made of words whose probability to appear does not vanish with time, starting from an initial $\mu$-random configuration. More precisely, we investigate the computational complexity of these sets and of related decision problems.  first, $\mu$-limit sets can have a $\Sigma\_3^0$-hard language, second, they can contain only $\alpha$-complex configurations, third, any non-trivial property concerning them is at least $\Pi\_3^0$-hard. We prove complexity upper bounds, study restrictions of these questions to particular classes of CA, and different types of (non-)convergence of the measure of a word during the evolution.
BLAST Application on the GPE/UnicoreGS Grid

Sequence analysis is one of the most fundamental tasks in molecular biology. Because of the increasing number of sequences we still need more computing power. One of the solutions are grid environments, which make use of computing centers. In this paper we present plug-in which enables the use of BLAST software for sequence analysis within Grid environments such as UNICORE (Uniform Interface to Computing Resources) and GPE (Grid Programming Environment).
Dualities for varieties of distributive lattices with unary operations II

This paper extends to the general setting of [11],  procedures presented earlier for varieties of Ockham algebras. Given a suitable finitely generated variety A of distributive-lattice-ordered algebras with unary operations, in which the subdirectly irreducible algebras are assumed to have been pre-determined, a natural duality, free algebras and coproducts can be obtained algorithmically for any prescribed subvariety of A. Further, the meet-irreducible members of the lattice of equational theories of A can be written down. The theory is illustrated by carrying this programme through for varieties of double MS-algebras.