nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Institutional Environment For Agricultural Trade In The Ftaa

The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) is a free trade agreement that is under negotiation among 34 countries of the Western Hemisphere. The agreement, to be implemented in 2005, is expected to remove tariff and non tariff barriers to trade and investment among member countries, and to build more open, transparent and integrated markets. Negotiations are being conducted in nine separate groups, including agriculture, market access, investment, services, government procurement, dispute settlement, and intellectual property rights. An important role of the FTAA will be to reconcile the current proliferation of subregional trade pacts . Over 40 pacts are now in force, with at least a dozen more under negotiation (Stout and Ugaz, 1998).
The Aesthetics of Education: Theatre, Curiosity, and Politics in the Work of Jacques Ranciere and Paulo Freire

Table of Contents  The Aesthetics of Education Chapter One: From Stultification to Emancipation: Althusser avec Ranciere Chapter Two: Aesthetic Forms: Teaching, Theatre, and Democracy Chapter Three: The Beautiful and the Sublime in the Pedagogy of the Oppressed Intermission: Equality, Freedom, and Emancipation: A Case for Pedagogical Dramaturgy Chapter Four: The Aesthetics of Curiosity Chapter Five: The Knowledge of Ignorance Chapter Six: The Future of the Image in Critical Pedagogy Chapter Seven: Freire's Last Laugh  Death and Democracy in Education: Freire's Easter.
Dealing with Africa's Human Rights Problems: The Role of the United Nations, the African Union and Africa's Sub-Regional Organizations in Dealing with Africa's Human Rights Problems: Connecting Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect

This article examines the basis for humanitarian intervention (HI) in the United Nations Charter, the African Union (AU) Charter and in a number of African sub-regional institutions. It traces the historical development of HI and argues that, while the right to HI emerged more than 100 years ago, that right also emerges from the Genocide Convention. The article argues that this treaty connects HI to the developing norm of the responsibility to protect (R2P) and examines the extent to which R2P is garnering wider support around the world. It focuses on the UN, and the various AU and sub-regional institutions and instruments that sanction HI. It assesses whether intervention can be authorized even in the absence of a UN Security Council mandate and examines the principles, application and interrelationship of R2P and HI in the African context. It traces the use of these norms in Africa, including in the various sub-regional structures, and evaluates the AU's political will and capability to deal with conflict and human rights abuse.
Private data deduplication protocols in cloud storage

In this paper, a new notion which we call private data deduplication protocol, a deduplication technique for private data storage is introduced and formalized. Intuitively, a private data deduplication protocol allows a client who holds a private data proves to a server who holds a summary string of the data that he/she is the owner of that data without revealing further information to the server. Our notion can be viewed as a complement of the state-of-the-art public data deduplication protocols of Halevi et al . The security of private data deduplication protocols is formalized in the simulation-based framework in the context of two-party computations. A construction of private deduplication protocols based on the standard cryptographic assumptions is then presented and analyzed. We show that the proposed private data deduplication protocol is provably secure assuming that the underlying hash function is collision-resilient, the discrete logarithm is hard and the erasure coding algorithm can erasure up to α-fraction of the bits in the presence of malicious adversaries in the presence of malicious adversaries. To the best our knowledge this is the first deduplication protocol for private data storage.
Postoperative mortality and morbidity in French patients undergoing colorectal surgery: results of a prospective multicenter study.

Better knowledge of independent risk factors might decrease mortality and morbidity rates following colorectal surgery.



Prospective multicenter study.



From June to September 2002, consecutive patients undergoing open or laparoscopic surgery (electively or on an emergent basis) for colorectal cancers or diverticular disease were prospectively included. Exclusion criteria were colectomy for other causes (eg, inflammatory bowel diseases, benign polyps). The structured sheet of data collection included more than 200 items on all perioperative data concerning the patient, the disease, and the operating surgeons. Postoperative mortality and morbidity were defined as in-hospital death and complications.



Among 1421 patients, the in-hospital death rate was 3.4% and the overall morbidity rate was 35%. Four independent preoperative risk factors of mortality were found: emergency surgery, loss of more than 10% of weight, neurological comorbidity, and age older than 70 years. Six independent risk factors of morbidity were found: age older than 70 years, neurologic comorbidity, hypoalbuminemia, cardiorespiratory comorbidity, long duration of operation, and peritoneal contamination.



Colorectal resection in France is associated with a 3.4% mortality rate and a 35% morbidity rate. Knowledge of the risk factors could help surgeons manage cases.
Evaluation of Two Textual Programming Notations for Children

Many researchers have developed many programming environments for children. Typically each of these environments contains its own programming notation ranging from computer code to animated virtual 3D robots and in some case the notation consists of physical objects. While some of these notations were created by examining how children naturally describe computer programs, little research has examined how children understand programs written using these notations. Even less research has examined how children understand programs written using multiple notations.This paper describes an evaluation that compares how children can understand computer programs written using different programming notations: conventional code, English, or a combination of the two. The children were about eleven years old and we measured speed in answering questions about computer programs and the accuracy of their answers. We found that children reading computer programs written in a conventional-style notation were more efficient (faster with no reliable difference in accuracy) than children reading programs written in English. Children with access to a combination of both notations performed between the two other conditions.
On the equivalence between CP-logic and LPADs

We give a detailed proof of the fact that the probabilistic logics of Logic Programs with Annotated Disjunctions (LPADs) and CP-logic are equivalent. This report contains a detailed proof of the fact that Logic Programs with Annotated Disjunctions (LPADs) (6) and CP-logic (5) are equivalent. Before moving on to this proof, we first present some preliminaries from lattice theory and logic programming, and summarize the definition of LPADs and CP-logic.
THE REDUCTION OF DISULFIDE BONDS IN PROTEINS AT MERCURY ELECTRODES

The adsorption of disulfide containing proteins on mercury and subsequent reduction is reviewed. Methods for determining the protein surface excess and number of electroactive disulfide bonds are discussed. Peaks in up to three potential regions (I, II and III) are observed depending on experimental conditions. Peaks in regions I and III have not been as extensively studied as peak II which is attributed to the reversible or quasi-reversible reduction of a mercury-protein thiolate bonds which are formed from disulfide nonds located in hydrophobic regions of a protein as well as certain sulfhydryl groups and thioethers.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESPONSIBILITY AND ATTENTION DEFICITS CHARACTERISTIC OF OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PHENOMENA

Attention deficits and inflated perceptions of responsibility have been identified as characteristics of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study examined the relative importance of responsibility and attention in predicting non-clinical levels of obsessionality. Three hundred Australian university students were screened using the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), and students who scored in the top and bottom 10% of the distribution were selected for participation. The selected participants completed the Responsibility Attitude Scale (RAS) and the Test of Everyday Attention (TEA), along with measures of trait-anxiety and depression. High MOCI scorers exhibited a greater perception of responsibility, and poorer overall attention than low MOCI scorers. These differences remained significant after controlling for trait-anxiety and depression. Logistic regression analyses revealed that responsibility was a stronger predictor of non-clinical obsessionality than was attention. Moreover, attention did not make a significant contribution to the prediction of obsessionality once responsibility had been controlled. Correlations between responsibility and TEA visual selective attention subtests remained significant after controlling for obsessionality. These findings suggest that measures of attention (particularly measures of visual selective attention) may be confounded by responsibility attitudes, thus highlighting the importance of controlling for meta-cognitive variables such as responsibility when investigating attention in OCD.
Freeze-drying of proteins in glass solids formed by basic amino acids and dicarboxylic acids.

The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize glass-state amorphous solids containing amino acids and organic acids that protect co-lyophilized proteins. Thermal analysis of frozen solutions containing a basic amino acid (e.g., L-arginine, L-lysine, L-histidine) and a hydroxy di- or tricarboxylic acid (e.g., citric acid, L-tartaric acid, DL-malic acid) showed glass transition of maximally freeze-concentrated solute at temperatures (T'g) significantly higher than those of the individual solute solutions. Mixing of the amino acid with some dicarboxylic acids (e.g., oxalic acid) also suggested an upward shift of the transition temperature. Contrarily, combinations of the amino acid with monocarboxylic acids (e.g., acetic acid) had T'gs between those of the individual solute solutions. Co-lyophilization of the basic amino acids and citric acid or L-tartaric acid resulted in amorphous solids that have glass transition temperatures (Tg) higher than the individual components. Mid- and near-infrared analysis indicated altered environment around the functional groups of the consisting molecules. Some of the glass-state excipient combinations protected an enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) from inactivation during freeze-drying. The glass-state excipient combinations formed by hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interaction network would be potent alternative to stabilize therapeutic proteins in freeze-dried formulations.
교사가 지각한 유아교육기관 원장의 지도성유형과 교사의 직무만족도

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between the leadership type of the chief and the occupational satisfaction of a teacher as well as the desirable type to fullfill the educational purpose of pre-school institutes. The subject of this study were 191 teachers in private pre-school institues. Halpin`s “leadership Behavior Description Questionnaire” and Paula Jorde Bloom(1989)`s “Early Childhood job Satisfaction Suvey” have been modified and used for this study. The results are as follows: First, the leadership types of the chief teacher is recognizing can be classified into effective leadership, initiating structure, consideration, and ineffective leadership. Second, in regard to the occupational satisfaction of teachers they are satisfied with occupation itself and relationship between people rather than pay, social stability, and the environment of working. Third,. the relationship between the leadership types of the chief and the occupational satisfaction shows the meaningful difference and consideration among the leadership types indicates the higher satisfaction of teachers. On the other hand, the type of ineffective leadership shows the lower satisfaction. As a result, the type of leadership of consideration contirbutes to the satisfaction rather than the types of leadership as effective, ineffective, and initiating structure.
Lessons of Enduring Value: Henry George a Century Later

. Henry George, in the judgment of Joseph Schumpeter, was an economist, self taught but, for his time, a century ago, well taught. George's writings can serve mankind constructively today. He wrote brilliantly in showing the destructiveness for human well-being of tariffs which obstruct international trade. His language shows clearly why such impediments to trade wastefully depress levels of living and opportunity. George foresaw some of the more sophisticated reasons why socialism could not be economically successful and also why it would threaten human freedom. Regarding the possibilities of reducing poverty, however, George has not been fully confirmed by a century's experience. But the reasoning that underlies his case for relying on land taxation for government revenue deserves serious attention today.
The Flesh Made Word: Bodily Inscription and Religion in Celine et Julie Vont en Bateau

In Celine et Julie Vont en Bateau Jacques Rivette works through his discomfort with the theological function of the author, a discomfort stemming from the material effects of authorship on the bodies of his actors. Examples of bodily incision and bruising proliferate throughout the film, part of a process of violent characterization imposed by an authoring demiurge. The film explores several methods of escape from this process, starting with exotic travel and fairy tales, but culminates around repeated allusions to the crucifixion of Christ. The film advances a heretical Christology by positing God as a sadistic author and the wounded body of Christ as the paradigmatic example of being inscribed as a character against one’s will. As this characterization obviously engenders being inscribed in a narrative as well, the structure of the film probes at the notion of both Christianity and narrative cinema as means of escape.
River Health: Concept, Assessment Method and Direction

Disturbance from irrational anthropogenic socio-economic activity has influenced river ecosystem seriously and intensive attention has been paid on issues concerning river health. Various understanding on river health concept is generalized and the difference between them is distinguished in detail, the development process, advantage and disadvantage of river health assessment methods, including biological monitoring and integrated indicator are introduced. Furthermore, Some suggestion on research direction of river health assessment, including assessment standard establishment, river's sensitivity on disturbance, ecological process indicator and health assessment on watershed scale is put forward in the paper.
AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

The functions of the engineering geologist are discussed with reference to the needs of the construction industry, and the methods of education and training which are available to meet these requirements. The development of professional engineering geology in the U.K. is briefly reviewed, and the requirements are described of an engineering organization. An exceptionally broad experience in geological and engineering matters are required of the engineering geologist whose quality is basically measured by that of his geological ability. Entry to professional engineering geology is best directed from a first degree course in geology or the earth sciences. The opportunities available at undergraduate level in Great Britain are reviewed, as well as three Master's degree courses. Research opportunities, in-career courses, and graduate training courses are discussed. The practice of engineering geology is reviewed; the science is used in the prediction of geological site conditions and in the planning and design of site investigation. The employment of engineering geologists continuously on site during construction is discussed and the primary functions of such a geologist during construction are listed. It is important for the engineering geologist to be closely associated with construction so that design predictions can be tested and appropriate adjustments made during construction. The role of engineering geology in contracting and during operation are also reviewed.
Symbiosis as a general principle in eukaryotic evolution.

Eukaryotes have evolved and diversified in the context of persistent colonization by non-pathogenic microorganisms. Various resident microorganisms provide a metabolic capability absent from the host, resulting in increased ecological amplitude and often evolutionary diversification of the host. Some microorganisms confer primary metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis and cellulose degradation, and others expand the repertoire of secondary metabolism, including the synthesis of toxins that confer protection against natural enemies. A further route by which microorganisms affect host fitness arises from their modulation of the eukaryotic-signaling networks that regulate growth, development, behavior, and other functions. These effects are not necessarily based on interactions beneficial to the host, but can be a consequence of either eukaryotic utilization of microbial products as cues or host-microbial conflict. By these routes, eukaryote-microbial interactions play an integral role in the function and evolutionary diversification of eukaryotes.
Matisse: An Architectural Design Tool for Commodity ICs

To accelerate industrial adoption of behavioral synthesis, we have developed Matisse, an architectural design tool that increases productivity without sacrificing area, performance, or power. Matisse's main difference from traditional behavioral synthesis tools is that it lets the designer play a key role. It allows the designer to make major decisions about styles, protocols, parallelism, delays, and partial or even complete architectures before the behavioral synthesis phase starts. Then it enables the designer to incorporate these decisions into the architecture using behavioral synthesis. Matisse supports the diverse design practices required for commodity IC design by giving the designer fine-grain control of behavioral synthesis tasks.
Towards a Second 'Second Debate'? History, Scientific Inquiry and Historical Sociology in International Relations

The 'second debate' in the historiography of the field of International Relations (IR) took place in the 1960s and focussed upon the relative merits of scientific and historical methods for understanding international politics. Science and history were taken to be two separate approaches, and the disciplinary divide that emerged from this debate has generally taken them to be incommensurable forms of knowledge.
Policy Choices in Social Work Education: Market Model vs. Central Theory

This article assesses the consequences of what might be termed, from a social policy perspective, a “market model” of social work education. Because this model results in a highly decentralized and relatively unpredictable educational outcome, the author argues for renewed attention to a unitary theory for social work practice. The basis of this theoretical approach is drawn from the physical sciences and focuses on the nature of change as the central dynamic. An attempt is made to identify principles of change that illuminate and reinforce a fundamental social work perspective.
Innovative integration of historic books with robotics curriculum

This paper describe a project using Mary Shelley's second edition book “Frankenstein” as a starting point to research how robots evolved throughout the history. Students were able to feel and touch this book through the Remnant Trust exhibit in Indian University - Purdue University at Fort Wayne (IPFW). During this ten-week project, each student was required to finish a research paper in a topic chosen from a given list and present their findings to the whole class. The survey results showed that students were fascinated by how far the history of robotics went back.
Time delay from onset to diagnosis of migraine.

To investigate the factors involved in the delayed diagnosis of migraine without aura among patients attending a tertiary center for headache diagnosis and management.



Two hundred consecutive patients were divided into 3 groups according to the time elapsed from the first clinical manifestations and the diagnosis of migraine at our center.



The interval was <1 year in 16.5% of patients (n = 33); from 1 to 5 years in 30% (n = 60); and >5 years in 53.5% (n = 107). Younger age at migraine onset and a lower level of education were significantly associated with a longer time to diagnosis (P = .01 and P = .0001, respectively). Longer delays were significantly associated with a larger number of specialists consulted (P < .05).



Our findings suggest an insufficient awareness of the diagnostic criteria of migraine by non-specialist physicians, who often prescribe expensive and unnecessary diagnostic investigations that do not alleviate patients' symptoms while wasting health care resources.
Additional evidence for hydrophobic bond formation in the adsorption of sulfanilamide on bio-gel beads.

We have previously suggested the involvement of both hydrogen binding and hydrophobic bonding in the adsorption of sulfanilamide on Bio-Gel beads. In the present study, we closely examined the concentration dependence of the binding curve and our proposed binding model has been corroborated. For comparison, binding parameters and thermodynamic data pertaining to the sulfanilamide-Sephadex system have been also evaluated.
The Changing Japanese Political System: Why and How? *

From the viewpoint of Comparative Politics, the study of a foreign political system should not be limited to the illustration of its esoteric features but should also aim at finding what the system has in common with all other political systems. Integration of "area" knowledge with the "disciplinary" perspective, however, is more easily said than carefully done. In his 1973 presidential address to the American Political Science Association, Robert E. Ward envisaged two "long term solutions" to this problem. One he called "two skills in one skull," and the other the "internationalization of social science."1 The first refers to the integrated training of a single scholar in both an area speciality and a disciplinary methodology. The second calls for the participation of non-American scholars in the efforts of modem political science. The four volumes on Japan under review here, including one by Ward himself, help to fulfill the expectations Ward had five years earlier.
The Robotic Building Construction System

The application of that robot system for the automatic assembly of commercial cavity blocks is the subject of the following report. The entirely different characteristics and abilities of assembly robots are not taken into consideration. However, their dimensional tolerance is relatively small (0.5 mm). Furthermore as cavity bricks, they have conic and oval recesses. Both features are strongly favourable for automation. This report will highlight specific problems during automized construction assembly with commercial standard assembly elements, and help to solve them[6]. 1. The robot system used For the assembly of cavity blocks a gantry robot system was used. That robot system has been depicted in detail in the report "Experiences with the Construction of a Building Assembly Robot" . 2. The gripper system