nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygenation advisor recommends appropriate positive end expiratory pressure and FIO2 settings: retrospective validation study

A decision support, rule-based oxygenation advisor that provides guidance for setting positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and fractional inhaled oxygen concentration (FIO2) for patients with respiratory failure is described. The target oxygenation goal is to achieve and maintain pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≥88 and ≤95 %, as posited by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, by recommending appropriate combinations of PEEP and FIO2. For patient safety, the oxygenation advisor monitors mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) to ensure it is ≥65 mmHg for hemodynamic stability and inspiratory plateau pressure (Pplt) so it is ≤30 cm H2O for lung protection. The purpose of this validation study was to compare attending physicians’ recommendations to those recommendations of the oxygenation advisor for setting PEEP and FIO2. Adults with respiratory failure (n = 117) receiving ventilatory support were studied. PEEP, FIO2, SpO2, MAP, and Pplt are input variables into the advisor. Recommendations to increase, maintain, or decrease PEEP and FIO2 are the oxygenation advisor’s output variables. Physicians’ recommendations for setting PEEP and FIO2 were recorded; the oxygenation advisor’s recommendations were also recorded for comparison. At all times, ventilator settings were based on recommendations from attending physicians. PEEP ranged from 2 to 22 cm H2O and FIO2 ranged from 0.30 to 0.65. A total of 326 recommendations by the oxygenation advisor and attending physicians were made to increase, maintain, or decrease PEEP and FIO2. There was a very significant relationship (p < 0.0001) between recommendations of the oxygenation advisor and attending physicians for setting PEEP and FIO2. The agreement rate for recommendations by the oxygenation advisor and attending physicians was 92 %. The K statistic, a test of the strength of agreement of recommendations between the oxygenation advisor and attending physicians, was 0.82 (p < 0.0001), indicating “almost perfect agreement”. Relationships for recommendations made by the oxygenation advisor and attending physicians for setting PEEP and FIO2 were excellent, PEEP: r = 0.98 (p < 0.01), r2 = 0.96; FIO2: r = 0.91 (p < 0.01), r2 = 0.83, bias and precision values were negligible. A novel oxygenation advisor provided continuous and automatic recommendations for setting PEEP and FIO2 that were shown to be as good as the clinical judgment of experienced attending physicians. For all patients, the target oxygenation goal was achieved. Concerning patient safety, the oxygenation advisor detected those occasions when MAP and Pplt were in potentially unsafe ranges.
Lipid-altering efficacy and safety profile of co-administered extended release niacin/laropiprant and simvastatin versus atorvastatin in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia.

Extended-release niacin/laropiprant (ERN/LRPT) reduces flushing and preserves the lipid-modifying effects of ERN. This study compared the efficacy and safety of ERN/LRPT plus simvastatin (ERN/LRPT+SIMVA) with atorvastatin (ATORVA) in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia.



After a 4-week placebo run-in, 2340 patients (LDL-C ≥ 130 and ≤ 190 mg/dL, TG ≥ 150 and ≤ 500 mg/dL and above NCEP ATP III risk-based LDL-C goal) were randomized to 1 of 6 treatment arms: ERN/LRPT 1g/20mg+SIMVA (10 or 20mg), or ATORVA (10, 20, 40, or 80 mg) once daily.



At Week 12, ERN/LRPT+SIMVA was superior to ATORVA in decreasing LDL-C/HDL-C (primary endpoint) at each pre-specified dose comparison: ERN/LRPT+SIMVA 20mg vs. ATORVA 10mg (-13.2%; p<0.001); ERN/LRPT+SIMVA 40 mg vs. ATORVA 20mg (-10.8%; p<0.001); ATORVA 40 mg (-5.1%; p<0.001); and ATORVA 80 mg (-4.2%; p=0.007). At Week 12, ERN/LRPT+SIMVA was superior to ATORVA in increasing HDL-C and reducing TG for all pre-specified treatment comparisons, and reducing non-HDL-C and LDL-C for the ERN/LRPT+SIMVA 20mg versus ATORVA 10mg and ERN/LRPT+SIMVA 40 mg versus ATORVA 20-mg dose comparisons, but not the ERN/LRPT+SIMVA 40 mg versus ATORVA 40- and 80-mg dose comparisons. Adverse experiences (AEs) typically associated with niacin (flushing, pruritus, increased glucose, increased uric acid) were more common with ERN/LRPT+SIMVA, and hepatic-related laboratory AEs were more common with ATORVA.



ERN/LRPT+SIMVA was generally superior to ATORVA in improving lipid parameters after 12 weeks and was generally well tolerated in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia.
Two year result of intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema using treat and extend protocol

To determine the efficacy of the treat and extend (TAE) protocol with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for managing diabetic macular edema (DME).Retrospective, single-center study.For this retrospective study, 42 eyes of 42 patients were initially treated with 3 consecutive monthly IVB injections (loading phase), after which they were selected for different additional therapies. For the TAE protocol, the baseline treatment interval was selected to be 8 weeks and was sequentially lengthened by 2 weeks if the central macular thickness (CMT) was <300 μm at 2 consecutive examinations.Among the 42 eyes, 8 eyes (19.0%) received the TAE treatment for 2 years. The BCVA was improved significantly from 0.37 ± 0.04 before treatment to 0.19 ± 0.04 logMAR units at 2 years after the TAE determined IVB injections (P < .05). The ratio of eyes with a gain of the BCVA by more than 2 lines was 37.5%. The CMT was significantly reduced from 515.4 ± 75.5 to 303.6 ± 45.0 μm after 2 years (P < .01). The mean number of TAE injection was 8.8 and the mean injection interval was 11.0 weeks.After the loading phase, 19.0% of patients can be treated with the TAE protocol. Although significant visual improvements were obtained after the TAE protocol, it does not apply to every DME case.
Efficacy of tramadol-acetaminophen tablets in low back pain patients with depression.

Tramadol-acetaminophen tablets are currently used to treat pain, including that of degenerative lumbar disease. Although there are many reports on tramadol-acetaminophen tablets, treatment outcomes in low back pain (LBP) patients with depression remain uncertain. This study investigated the outcomes of LBP patients with depression treated with tramadol-acetaminophen tablets.



Of 95 patients with chronic LBP, 70 (26 men, 44 women; mean age 64 years) who were judged as having depression by the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were included in this study. In this trial, patients received one of two randomly assigned 8-week treatment regimes: tramadol-acetaminophen (Tramadol group, n = 35) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (NSAID group, n = 35). In addition to completing self-report questionnaires, patients provided demographic and clinical information. All patients were assessed using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Pain Disability Assessment Scale (PDAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), SDS, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS).



After 8 weeks' treatment, the NRS and SDS scores were lower in the Tramadol group than in the NSAID group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the ODI, PDAS, and PCS scores between the groups (p = 0.47, 0.09, 0.47). Although there was no difference in the anxiety component of the HADS between the groups (p = 0.36), the depression component was lower in the Tramadol group than in the NSAID group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in the percentage of patients with treatment-associated adverse events.



This investigation found that tramadol-acetaminophen is effective for reducing LBP and provided a prophylactic antidepressant effect in chronic LBP patients with depression.
Geometric assessment of asymmetric septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by CMR.

The aim of this study was to analyze the geometric pattern of hypertrophy (HT) in patients with asymmetrical septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and to test the hypothesis that at least in some patients, the HT follows a longitudinal spiral pattern.



The highly heterogeneous phenotypic expression of HCM is a well-known phenomenon. CMR has emerged as a robust 3-dimensional (3D) tomographic imaging technique that is increasingly used to explore phenotypic expression.



Short-axis cine CMR was used to study the 3D extent of HT (i.e., radial, circumferential, and longitudinal extent, as well as the relation between circumferential and longitudinal extent). Inclusion criteria were septal wall thickness (WT) ≥15 mm and septal to free wall WT ratio >1.3.



CMR was performed in 132 patients. Maximal WT was 22 ± 5 mm, with a circumferential extent of 131 ± 51°, and a longitudinal extent of 64 ± 19%, resulting in a hypertrophied left ventricular (LV) surface of 26 ± 15%. Linear regression analysis showed in 86% of patients a consistent course of HT along the longitudinal direction. The HT invariably started at the basal anteroseptum and rotated, except in 2 patients, in a counterclockwise direction (CC-spiral patients) with a mean global rotation of 116 ± 68° (range 5° to 350°). After the CC-spiral patients were divided according to magnitude of rotation quartiles (Q1: 5° to 70°, Q2: 75° to 105°, Q3: 110° to 150°, and Q4: 155° to 350°), Q4 patients were significantly older and had more LV outflow tract obstruction and hypertension than patients without the spiraling pattern. In 11 patients, continuation of HT into an apical form of HCM was found.



Using 3D analysis, we found that the majority of patients with asymmetrical septal HCM in fact showed a spiral pattern of HT following a counterclockwise (or "left-handed") spiral trajectory. The variation in magnitude of rotation among patients, however, was highly variable. Further research is warranted to better understand the significance of the current findings, in particular to relate them to the genetic and morphological substrate, hemodynamic consequences, and patient outcome.
Cabazitaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: safety data from the Spanish expanded access program.

Based on the TROPIC study results, cabazitaxel was approved for the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) progressing on or after docetaxel.



This multi-centre program provided early access to cabazitaxel to patients with mCRPC before its commercialization. Safety data from 153 Spanish patients receiving cabazitaxel 25 mg/m(2) i.v. Q3W, plus oral prednisone/prednisolone 10 mg daily, are reported.



Median age of patients was 70 years (26.8% ≥ 75 years), 94.1 and 26.8% had bone and visceral metastasis, respectively. Most had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ≤ 1 (88.9%) and had received a median of 8.0 cycles of last docetaxel treatment. The median of cabazitaxel cycles and cumulative dose were 6.0 (Interquartile range [IQR]: 4.0; 8.0) and 148.9 (IQR: 98.2; 201.4) mg/m(2), respectively. Adverse events (AEs) possibly related to cabazitaxel occurred in 143 (93.5%) patients. The most frequent grade ≥ 3 AEs were neutropenia (n = 25, 16.3%) and asthenia (n = 17, 11.1%). Febrile neutropenia and grade ≥ 3 diarrhea occurred in 5.2% of the patients each. There were five (3.3%) possibly treatment-related deaths, mainly infection-related. G-CSFs were used in 114 (74.5%) patients, generally as prophylaxis (n = 107; 69.9%). Grade ≥ 3 peripheral neuropathy and nail disorders were uncommon.



Cabazitaxel administration, in a real-world setting, is tolerated by Spanish patients with mCRPC, and the AEs are manageable.
The Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life 19 (ADDQoL): feasibility, reliability and validity in a population-based sample of Australian adults

This study aims to analyse the psychometric properties of the most recent 19 item version of the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) in a large, population-based sample of adults living in Australia. A total of 3,951 people living with diabetes completed the ADDQoL as part of the Living With Diabetes Study. Data analysis investigated the feasibility of using the ADDQoL in a large, population-based survey; internal consistency; adherence to a single-factor structure; and convergent/discriminant validity. Data support the feasibility of using the ADDQoL in population-based survey research. Although a strict single-factor structure for the ADDQoL was not demonstrated, the results overall support an interpretation of essential unidimensionality. A validation matrix provides support for the convergent and divergent validity of the measure, as does the ADDQoL’s ability to discriminate between respondents based on insulin dependence and complications. The ADDQoL has good psychometric properties and provides clinicians and researchers with a useful tool for comprehensively assessing quality of life in adults with diabetes.
Sleep improving effects of a single dose administration of a valerian/hops fluid extract - a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled sleep-EEG study in a parallel design using electrohypnograms.

Repetitive administrations of valerian/hops combinations have been widely used for self-administered therapy of sleep disturbances. This investigation focuses on the question if a single administration can be an effective sleep aid. Two parallel groups of n = 20 (verum) and n = 22 (placebo) were tested. Each subject spent two consecutive nights in the lab (reference night and medication night). Medication consisted in giving verum or placebo to poor sleepers identified by a validated sleep questionnaire (Schlaffragebogen SF-B). Two ml of the liquid ex?tract or similar smelling placebo were diluted in 50 ml water (flavoured with honey) and administered 15 minutes before EEG recording during the medication night. The data analysis is based on the electrohypnogram - a method derived from a validated computer assisted automatic analysis for depth of sleep. Differences between the reference nights and medication nights were evaluated and tested for significance. Time spent in sleep (values of the sleep frequency index "SFx" of the electrohypnogram of 74% or lower) was significantly higher for the verum group in comparison to the placebo group (p<0.01). The difference with respect to time spent in deeper sleep (i.e. 68% and lower or 62% and lower) between reference and medication night was also statistically significant at p<0.01. This parameter correlated with the difference in quality of sleep between the two consecutive nights as derived from the sleep inventory SF-A sub-score (subjects evaluation) with r = 0.48 at p<0.0001. The EEG derived parameter "sleep quantity" as calculated from the electrohypnogram proved superiority of the valerian/hops combination over placebo. Thus, the present investigation has shown evidence that a valerian/hops fluid extract can be used successfully using a single administration.
An expanded view of self-management: patients' perceptions of education and support in an intervention for chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Chronic pain is prevalent, costly, and is associated with profound psychological effects. Although pain is prevalent in returning veterans of the recent military conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq (] Veterans), little is known about chronic pain in these patients. This study's objective was to ascertain perceptions of a multicomponent intervention tested in a randomized controlled trial for OEF/OIF/OND veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain (Evaluation of Stepped Care for Chronic Pain [ESCAPE]).



Qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 patients in the intervention arm of ESCAPE (21% of total intervention patients) to determine patients' experiences with and perceptions of the intervention. Patients were purposefully sampled to include treatment responders (defined as ≥30% reduction in pain-related disability or pain severity), nonresponders, and noncompleters (completed <50% of trial). Qualitative analysis was guided by grounded theory.



Both responders and nonresponders discussed the importance of the self-management education they received. Of particular significance, patients identified the nurse care manager who administered the intervention as being integral to patients' ability to self-manage their chronic pain. Patients described important ways in which the nurse facilitated their self-management, reported under three themes: 1) helping patients find what works for their pain; 2) holding patients accountable for their pain management; 3) motivating and providing emotional support to patients.



Results corroborate previous work and suggest that current conceptualizations of self-management are incomplete. A model is proposed that not only depicts self-management as involving more than activities and strategies, but also acknowledges the central role of relationships and support in pain self-management.
Importance Driven Halftoning

Many halftoning algorithms have been proposed to simulate the original continuous tone images as closely as possible. Most of these techniques are designed to preserve particular image attributes. This thesis proposes a new generalized halftoning technique based on preserving artifacts in the image that have been predetermined by the user to be important. This new technique allows for both diversity in specifying the important attributes and control over local placement of ink. The flexibility of this technique allows for the creation of many different results. This thesis does not address what image attributes are important or how to display them, rather it introduces a new technique called importance driven halftoning. Results obtained by varying the parameters of this new technique will be illustrated and compared with traditional halftoning results, limited resource renderings and non-photorealistic rendering results.
Neuroticism Associated with Cocaine-Induced Psychosis in Cocaine-Dependent Patients: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Cocaine consumption can induce transient psychotic symptoms, which has been correlated with more severe addiction and aggressive behavior. However, little is known about the nature of the relationship between personality traits and psychotic symptoms in cocaine-dependent patients. This study examined the relationship between neuroticism and cocaine-induced psychosis.



A total of 231 cocaine-dependent patients seeking treatment were recruited to the study. Personality was evaluated by the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire. Cocaine-induced psychosis questionnaire, SCID-I, and SCID-II were used to evaluate comorbidity and clinical characteristics. Data analysis was performed in three steps: descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses.



Cocaine-induced psychosis was reported in 65.4% of the patients and some personality disorder in 46.8%. Two personality dimensions (Neuroticism-Anxiety and Aggression-Hostility) presented a significant effect on the risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms (t(229) = 2.69, p = 0.008; t(229) = 2.06, p = 0.004), and patients with psychotic symptoms showed higher scores in both variables. On the multivariate analysis, only Neuroticism remained as a significant personality factor independently associated with psychotic symptoms (Wald = 7.44, p<0.05, OR = 1.08, CI 95% 1.02-1.16) after controlling for age, gender and number of consumption substances.



An association between high neuroticism scores and presence of psychotic symptoms induced by cocaine has been found, independently of other consumption variables. Personality dimensions should be evaluated in cocaine-dependent patients in order to detect high scores of neuroticism and warn patients about the risk of developing cocaine-induced psychotic symptoms.
Population pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab in children with osteosarcoma: implications for dosing.

To describe sources of interindividual variability in bevacizumab disposition in pediatric patients and explore associations among bevacizumab pharmacokinetics and clinical wound healing outcomes.



Before tumor resection, three doses of bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) were administered to patients (median age, 12.2 years) enrolled in a multi-institutional osteosarcoma trial. Serial sampling for bevacizumab pharmacokinetics was obtained from 27 patients. A population pharmacokinetic model was fit to the data, and patient demographics and clinical chemistry values were systematically tested as predictive covariates on model parameters. Associations between bevacizumab exposure and wound healing status were evaluated by logistic regression.



Bevacizumab concentration-time data were adequately described by a two-compartment model. Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were similar to those previously reported in adults, with a long median (range) terminal half-life of 12.2 days (8.6 to 32.4 days) and a volume of distribution indicating confinement primarily to the vascular space, 49.1 mL/kg (27.1 to 68.3 mL/kg). Body composition was a key determinant of bevacizumab exposure, as body mass index percentile was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated to body-weight normalized clearance and volume of distribution. Furthermore, bevacizumab exposure before primary tumor resection was associated with increased risk of major wound healing complications after surgery (P < 0.05).



A population pharmacokinetic model for bevacizumab was developed, which demonstrated that variability in bevacizumab exposure using weight-based dosing is related to body composition. Bevacizumab dosage scaling using ideal body weight would provide an improved dosing approach in children by minimizing pharmacokinetic variability and reducing likelihood of major wound healing complications.
Inter-subspace distance: a new method for face recognition with multiple samples

In this paper, we develop a systematic method that can cope with multiple images simultaneously for face recognition. The proposed method, referred to as inter-subspace distance, employs the minimal distance between the two subspaces formed by training and test images, respectively. The advantages of our method are that it can use temporal information (image sequences) and multiple sampling (in scales or spatial positions) for face recognition. In addition, our method can ease the burdens of face detection by dealing with inaccuracies of positions and scales of the detected faces.