nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation, reactivity and aging of amorphous ferric oxides in the presence of model and membrane bioreactor derived organics.

Iron salts are routinely dosed in wastewater treatment as a means of achieving effluent phosphorous concentration goals. The iron oxides that result from addition of iron salts partake in various reactions, including reductive dissolution and phosphate adsorption. The reactivity of these oxides is controlled by the conditions of formation and the processes, such as aggregation, that lead to a reduction in accessible surface sites following formation. The presence of organic compounds is expected to significantly impact these processes in a number of ways. In this study, amorphous ferric oxide (AFO) reactivity and aging was investigated following the addition of ferric iron (Fe(III)) to three solution systems: two synthetic buffered systems, either containing no organic or containing alginate, and a supernatant system containing soluble microbial products (SMPs) sourced from a membrane bioreactor (MBR). Reactivity of the Fe(III) phases in these systems at various times (1-60 min) following Fe(III) addition was quantified by determining the rate constants for ascorbate-mediated reductive dissolution over short (5 min) and long (60 min) dissolution periods and for a range (0.5-10 mM) of ascorbate concentrations. AFO particle size was monitored using dynamic light scattering during the aging and dissolution periods. In the presence of alginate, AFO particles appeared to be stabilized against aggregation. However, aging in the alginate system was remarkably similar to the inorganic system where aging is associated with aggregation. An aging mechanism involving restructuring within the alginate-AFO assemblage was proposed. In the presence of SMPs, a greater diversity of Fe(III) phases was evident with both a small labile pool of organically complexed Fe(III) and a polydisperse population of stabilized AFO particles present. The prevalence of low molecular weight organic molecules facilitated stabilization of the Fe(III) oxyhydroxides formed but subsequent aging observed in the alginate system did not occur. The reactivity of the Fe(III) in the supernatant system was maintained with little loss in reactivity over at least 24 h. The capacity of SMPs to maintain high reactivity of AFO has important implications in a reactor where Fe(III) phases encounter alternating redox conditions due to sludge recirculation, creating a cycle of reductive dissolution, oxidation and precipitation.
Impact of Level of Sex Appeal in Print Advertising on Brand Recall- A Study with Reference to Selected Products

Advertising is a powerful tool in the hands of corporate entities to accomplish the business objectives viz., sales volume, market share, growth rate, sustainability, etc., through equipping the customers with required amount of awareness, persuasion and convincing about the products, goods and services, since it concentrates on emotional and rational facets of the buyers. In the era of liberalization and globalization, the media and entertainment sector has been facing sweeping challenges with various patterns of advertising modes. Using of sex appeal in both print and electronic media has become a great way of exploiting the short term emotions of buyers. In this backdrop, the present paper examines the usage of sexual appeals in the print advertising as the process of brand recall.
Noncovalent interactions between aromatic compounds and dissolved humic acid examined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

We examined the molecular-level interactions of aromatic compounds with a humic acid that was extensively characterized with one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Interactions of target compounds were evaluated by monitoring their NMR relaxation properties. Solid-state NMR revealed that the humic sample contains paraffinic carbon (31%), substituted aliphatic carbon (30%), and aromatic carbon (28%). The liquid-state experiments further identified amino acids, a range of carbohydrates, methoxylated aromatics (likely derived from lignin), and a series of aliphatic chains. The 13C spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of site-specifically labeled naphthalene, 1-naphthol, and quinoline was found to decrease with increasing additions of humic acid. The 1H T1 values also were measured and demonstrated that the association with the humic acid was not specific because all the protons acquired the T1 value of the humic acid at the same rate. The lack of a chemical shift change and an increase in signal line broadening indicates that the interaction between these compounds and humic acid is noncovalent. These interactions were detected at low humic concentrations (5 mg C/L) and suggest that low concentrations of humic material, which are prevalent in both aquatic and terrestrial systems, will significantly affect the fate and transport of contaminants in the environment.
Abstract state machine nets: closing the gap between business process models and their implementation

The gap between on the one side the users' understanding of Business Process Models (BPMs) and on the other side the run behavior of model implementations is still with us. We introduce Abstract State Machine Nets (ASM Nets) whose component ASMs can be defined using a simple combination of textual (data-oriented) and intuitive graphical (control-flow oriented) yet semantically rigorously defined descriptive means. This allows the BP experts to design BPMs whose underlying ASM Nets constitute a reliable precise contract---a contract which guarantees the BP domain experts that the application-domain focussed understanding of the BPMs they design is also a correct understanding of the code behavior provided by the implementation of the models by software experts. This paves the way for the development of certifiably correct BPMs and their implementations. To illustrate one practical and one conceptual application of the concept we a) instantiate ASM Nets to model the behavioral meaning of the graphical and textual notations used in the commercial S-BPM tool suite with its focus on communication (service interaction) and b) show that applying the rigorous ASM refinement concept to ASM Nets supports IBM's Guard-Stage-Milestone approach to adaptive case management by an accurate conceptual foundation.
STORING AND EXCHANGING SIMULATION RESULTS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Though storing and exchanging simulation data is a rather simple task done by simulation practitioners, it is quite often a challenge as huge quantities of data are not uncommon, and conversion between different formats can be much time consuming. After examining some of the needs of the telecommunications simulation community, we describe the architecture of a working prototype – CostGlue – to be used as a general-purpose archiver and converter for large quantities of simulation data. The software architecture of the CostGlue tool is modular therefore allowing further development and contributions from other research sphere of activity. The core of the tool – CoreGlue – is responsible for communicating with the database. It acts as a unified interface for writing to the database and reading from it. Specific functions like import and export of data and different mathematical calculations are represented as a set of self-described modules, which are loaded as necessary. The graphic user interface is introduced as a web application for the simplicity of use and effective remote access to the application. The software package CostGlue is going to be released as free software with the possibility of further development.
Do ions affect the structure of water? The case of potassium halides

We study the structural properties of aqueous solutions of potassium chloride and fluoride at ambient conditions and upon supercooling with the use of molecular dynamics. We perform the calculations at increasing concentration in a range from 0.67 mol/kg up to 3.96 mol/kg. We investigate the modifications of the hydration shells and the changes in the water structure induced by the presence of the ions. The oxygen–oxygen structure is strongly dependent on the ionic concentration while the hydrogen bonding is well preserved. The results show that increasing the ion concentration is analogous to increase pressure on pure water. The KF salt has a stronger effect on water due to the fluoride anion. F − appears also more effective as substitutional of the oxygen in the water network with possible relevant consequences on the tendency of water to transform to the high density phase.
AGENDA: Securing Environmental Flows on the Colorado River in an Era of Climate Change: Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities

Part of the Administrative Law Commons, Climate Commons, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons, Environmental Law Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Hydrology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Public Policy Commons, Science and Technology Commons, Urban Studies and Planning Commons, Water Law Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons
Epigram and the Theater

The entire Hellenistic vogue for epigrams on great literary gures of the past shares, as has been aptly remarked, “a common impulse with the great contemporary projects of literary classi cation, such as the Pinakes of Callimachus: namely the wish, on the one hand, to engage the past . . ., but also the need to assert control, to master a past that was viewed as unattainably, at times oppressively distinguished. That mastery, however, often involves wholesale abridgement, truncation, even evisceration.”1 Both aspects of this controlling relationship constitute forms of appropriation. Even the most sympathetic forms of epigrammatic re-enactment of literary history in miniaturized “pen-portraits” challenged the monumental sepulchral portraits that, in most cases, the pseudo-epitaphs on poets affected to describe; they also challenged the complexity of the deceased author’s achievements through the reductio ad unum of a pithy appraisal, adapting to the brevity of epigram a literary judgment of the sort that might otherwise be realized as an expanded essay. Needless to say, however, abridgement, truncation, and evisceration were forms of more invasive, and even deforming, mastery. At least three of the most important epigrammatists of the third and second centuries, Callimachus, Asclepiades and Dioscorides, dealt with dramatic authors (whether contemporary or of generations past), as well as theatrical activity in general, in a way that primarily stresses their self-asserting mastery. Other epigrammatists broach the topic with the gentle tone of admiration and celebration that most often characterized epigrams written for other poets of the past—for the third century B.C. we have at least ten epigrams of this kind celebrating dramatic authors.2 Drama, though, was certainly not the genre most
Uncertainties of the inclusive Higgs production cross section at the tevatron and the LHC

We study uncertainties of the predicted inclusive Higgs production cross section due to the uncertainties of parton distribution functions (PDF). Particular attention is given to bbH Yukawa coupling enhanced production mechanisms in beyond SM scenarios, such as MSSM. The PDF uncertainties are determined by the robust Lagrange Multiplier method within the CTEQ global analysis framework. We show that PDF uncertainties dominate over theoretical uncertainties of the perturbative calculation (usually estimated by the scale dependence of the calculated cross sections), except for low Higgs masses at LHC. Thus for the proper interpretation of any Higgs signal, and for better understanding of the underlying electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism, it is important to gain better control of the uncertainties of the PDFs.
The Goda-Teragaito conjecture: an overview

In math.GT/0106017 it was shown that thin position on Heegaard spines can be a useful tool for analyzing the topology of knots in 3-space. The proof there (specifically, of the Goda-Teragaito conjecture) requires masses of technical detail; it is easy to lose track of the underlying ideas. The present paper gives an overview of the argument, stripped of technical detail and emphasizing the mathematical background that seems naturally to motivate the proof.
Human Resource Management: As a Source of Sustained Competitive Advantage of the Firms

This paper tries to emphasize why in the era of globalization human resources are viewed as a source of competitive advantage? Therefore, the aim of this paper is to reveal that human resources management is essential to ensure the success of any organization which is based on the belief that an organization gains competitive advantage by using its people effectively and efficiently. Regarding this new challenge of HRM, this paper strives to identify whether the HRM can be considered as a source of competitive advantage of the firms or not? Finally the result of this study highlights the value of human resources (HR) and its strategic activities which have an influence on organizations performance and competitive abilities.
Response to comments by Plataki and Williams

Sir: We concur with Drs Plataki, Vaporidi and Georgopoulos that if one uses recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC), to be safe it should be done very selectively in patients with no “contraindications”. Drs Williams, Macias and Rustige are also correct in that one of the major concerns raised during initial evaluation of rhAPC by the advisory committee to the United States Food and Drug Administration was that the risk of hemorrhage with rhAPC would likely increase when it was used in less controlled clinical settings . Unfortunately, since its approval rhAPC has also failed in subsequent trials to show benefit in low-risk adult patients and in pediatric patients [2, 3]. In post-marketing studies rhAPC has also had a significantly different effect (i.e. no benefit) in the subgroup of high-risk adult patients its use was originally recommended for. Whether this is because the agent lacks efficacy or because those who will benefit from it have not been clearly identified is unknown. Regardless, we hold to our editorial’s conclusion that our understanding of the risk to benefit ratio of rhAPC has changed since approval. It is encouraging, though, that questions about the efficacy of rhAPC since that approval—which have only increased with newer data becoming available—may finally be answered by the randomized trial in high-risk patients requested by the European Medicines Agency and now planned by Eli Lilly and Company [4, 5].
Social Sustainable Development and Scientific and Technological Information on Soil and Water Conservation in the 21st Century

By collecting a plenty of scientific and technological information on water and soil conservation, this paper deals with scientific and technical laws of water and soil conservation in the new century, and the role of water and soil conservation in ecological construction and its influence to social sustainable development. It is pointed out that the soil and water conservation is still the main-(stay) of eco-environment development in the 21st century,which can play an important role in protecting environment from the view of the scientific and technical information on soil and water conservation in the future. At last, the trend and dynamic information on soil and water conservation are put forward, aiming to give a reference for soil and water conservation work.
Geochemical origin of organic sulfur compounds: Reaction of phenylalanine with elemental sulfur

Organic sulfur compounds were produced when the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine, as a model protein hydrolysate, was reacted with elemental sulfur under conditions that, although severe, might be considered geochemically plausible. Reactions were carried out in sealed tubes at 135°C and at 212°C for times varying between 17.5 and 571 hours both in the presence and absence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. Reactions occurred under all conditions, yielding complex multicomponent mixtures which included hydrocarbons, compounds containing the three elements C, H and S and compounds containing the four elements C, H, S and N. Initiation of the reaction did not require aqueous sodium hydroxide but in its presence the reaction was essentially complete in about 135 hours at the higher temperature. Long-term products tended toward enrichment in components of higher molecular weight yielding ionic masses up to 355 m/e, about twice that of the parent amino acid. Although unable to provide unequivocal molecular structures, mass spectra showed ionic masses that are consistent with representatives of nine of the 13 classes of sulfur compounds known to exist in crude oils. The exploratory experiments suggest that thermal reaction between the two abundant primary-source materials proteins and elemental sulfur may well be of geochemical significance in the genesis of many of the sulfur compounds found in contemporary crude petroleum.
The theory of international business pre-Hymer §

This paper examines the theory of international business before 1960 when Stephen Hymer wrote his seminal thesis. It is shown that there existed a considerable amount of theory, but this was uncodified, unsystematic, fragmented and not institutionalised in a single academic discipline. Hymer achieved his insights in a parsimonious fashion, but this has resulted in some interesting and relevant theory being subsequently ignored. It is of considerable benefit to international business theorising to revisit this earlier theory and to recognise its insights.
Australian political lives: chronicling political careers and administrative histories

This monograph brings together some of the best practitioners and scholars of the art and craft of political biography in Australia. The assembled papers explore the strengths and weaknesses of the biographical approach; the enjoyment it can deliver; the problems and frustrations of writing biographies; and the various ways the 'project' can be approached by those constructing these lives. This monograph brings together some of the best practitioners of the art and craft of political biography in Australia. They are simultaneously some of our best scholars who, at least in part, have turned their attention to writing Australian political lives. They are not merely chroniclers of our times but multidisciplinary analysts constructing layers of explanation and theoretical insight. They include academic, professional and amateur biographers; scholars from a range of disciplines (politics, history, sociology, public administration, gender studies); and politicians who for a time strutted the political stage. The assembled papers explore the strengths and weaknesses of the biographical approach; the enjoyment it can deliver; the problems and frustrations of writing biographies; and the various ways the ‘project’ can be approached by those constructing these lives. They probe the art and craft of the political biographer.
Development of Value-Based Pricing Model for Software Services

In an effort to improve profits, most contemporarybusinesses are implementing operational cost basedengineering initiatives and measures for pricingservices. However, service provision requires businessexecutives to have a comprehensive understanding ofthe meaning of ‘value’ as a guide to strategically priceservices in order to improve profitability. This papermakes an effort to present a theory of value – as acustomer prerogative of service utilisation. Theresearch aims at developing a pricing model to utilise,communicate and capture the value of a serviceprovided by a service provider. It takes a newapproach of focusing on the external value asperceived by the customer and advocate matchingprice to value. The paper helps both; the customersand the service providers to achieve business growthby commanding the right price for the softwareservices. The ultimate goal is to match the price thecustomer pays for a service expected to deliveroutstanding value.
Factors Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility: An Empirical Study from Pakistani Perspective

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has captured significant attention of managers and executives especially at multinational and multi-divisional firms. However, links between CSR’s drivers (strategic planning, firm culture) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) have seen little or no empirical verification, particularly in South Asia. The present study aims to test two antecedents if they contribute in shaping firms’ CSR. This study considers formal strategic planning and humanistic culture as drivers of CSR. Data were collected from CEOs of eight hundred randomly selected organizations in Pakistan, with 21.5% response rate. Results from hierarchical regression indicate that formal strategic planning and firm’s humanistic culture, over and above the impact of formal strategic planning, are linked positively with CSR.
Byt i własności według Anzelma z Canterbury

The topic of the article is St. Anselm’s ontological argument. This is not, however, an attempt to interpret or evaluate the proof itself, but rather to place it in a broader theoretical context. The proper aim of the article is to present a (modest) proposal of a theory of metaphysics within which this proof could be considered and acknowledged as correct. This proposal is presented in two steps: in the first the author presents a sketch of a formal theory of being and properties; in the second he offers a sketch of a model that is appropriate for this theory. His intention is also that the proposed theory be as close as possible to Anselm’s theory as it is found in his writings. He also considers Anselm’s position in the matter of universals and the suggested nominalist interpretation of his metaphysics. The final part of the article shows Anselm’s originality, especially as regards his method of reasoning.
Giandomenico Tiepolo's Il Mondo Nuovo: Peep Shows and the “Politics of Nostalgia”

What was the historiography of Il mondo nuovo, a fresco painted in 1791 by Giandomenico Tiepolo? How did its title emerge? Giandomenico likely found the inspiration for his subject in popular entertainment on Venice's Piazzetta. The houselike structure in the fresco's middle ground—a peep show—had been labeled il mondo nuovo by the eighteenth-century playwright Carlo Goldoni. Yet the fresco was not named until after 1906. Art historian Pompeo Molmenti introduced the Goldoni-inspired title, his efforts seconded by Corrado Ricci, a powerful art administrator. Both were steeped in the “politics of nostalgia,” associated with the Italian Aesthetic movement.
The economic impacts of Mergers and Acquisitions: modelling and application

This paper presents a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for China by incorporating the scale economy and imperfect competition into the MCHUGE model. Based on the Cournot equation, we derive a link between the share weighted price-cost mark-up across all firms in industry and the absolute degree of concentration (CRn) index and Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI). Using the extension model, this paper gives an empirical illustration to analyse the impacts of the Chinese steel industry's Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) on China's macro economy and industries.