nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Chapter news - Chapters and membership reorganization

was formed in 2004 to look at the changes needed to enhance the functioning of the Chapters and Membership Department. Proposed changes by the ad-hoc committee were submitted to the IAS Executive Board and approved in March 2005. The New Chapters and Membership Department organization is shown below. Electronic Communication Committee Chair Open These changes have been made to offer more support and opportunities for growth of the Chapters. The goal of the new organization is to work with the area and Chapter chairs to offer more opportunities for the continuing education, networking , promotion of the Distinguished Lecturer (DL) program, supporting developments of workshops on cutting edge technologies, and growing the IEEE/IAS membership. A view of the participants (total 120) at the seminar.
Evolution of the prokaryotes.

A scheme for the evolution of the prokaryotes is proposed. This is based on the assumptions that (1) the main course of early prokaryotic evolution after the development of an effective genetic apparatus was determined by the problem of generating metabolically usable energy under anerobic conditions and (2) that each of the major metabolic types of anerobic bacteria existing today is mainly composed of surviving representatives of the corresponding stages in prokaryote evolution. In this paper, known species of bacteria are arranged in a postulated phylogenetic sequence which begins with the simplest anerobes and progresses through a series of relatively small, discrete steps to the photosynthetic bacteria and the blue-green algae. The latter, by introducing substantial amounts of oxygen into the biosphere, radically altered the possibilities available for energy production, and led to a second major era of prokaryote evolution with the appearance of the aerobes. Some of the implications of this hypothesis for the phylogeny and taxonomy of the prokaryotes are discussed.
Golden Age Spain Wearing English Clothes: James Mabbe, Renaissance Translator of Spanish Prose Literature

James Mabbe (1572-1642?) was an English translator of works by Mateo Aleman, Fernando de Rojas, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Fray Cristobal de Fonseca and Fray Juan de Santa Maria. He worked during a time of religious, economic, and political rivalries between Spain and England, and produced a body of work that is significant in the field of Translation Studies because his technique and methods lie somewhere between “foreignizing” and “domestication”. Mabbe’s dual quality allows contemporary academia to understand the elements of Spanish prose and culture that were of interest to a seventeenth-century English readership and also to introduce another artist of literary merit from the same period as Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, and other great Jacobean dramatists. By examining the context of English literacy and translation during the period 1500 to 1640, Mabbe emerges as one of the first serious critics and translators of Spanish prose work in the English-speaking world.
Delays in Diagnosis of Acute PulmonaryThromboembolism: Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors

Acute pulmonary thromboembolism is a common and potentially lethal disease. There is limited information about clinical importance of the delay in pulmonary embolism diagnosis. Between January 2009 and December 2010, consecutive 189 patients with PTE were enrolled to this retrospective study. Varriables including age, sex, educational level, smoking, Wells scores, symptoms, embolism types, clinical and radiological findings were analyzed for delay in diagnosis. Study group consisted of 104 (55%) female and 85 (45%) male patients. The mean age of the group was 57,95 (range 19-88) years. The mean time to presantation or patient delay was 7.9± 15.2 (median 3 days; range, 1-120) days. Diagnostic delay caused by initial misdiagnosis of the health care providers was 0.5± 3,9 (median 0; range 0-45) days. Seventy (37,04%) patients had a delay in diagnosis longer than seven days after onset of symptoms of pulmonary embolism. Current smokers, patients with low Wells scores(≤4) and having non spesific CT pulmonary angiographic findings for PTE at the first admission associated with delay in diagnosis in the present study (p<0.05). Massive type of embolism was associated with mortality (p=0,020). Delay in diagnosis in PTE may increase mortality and massive embolism should be monitored carefully.
Influence of Political Affiliation and Criticism on the Effectiveness of Political Fact-Checking

Political fact-checking assumes that a rational public will use accurate information to update their opinions, especially on important issues of public policy and political campaigns. Current research on the effectiveness of fact-checking does not provide a clear conclusion. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of political affiliation and type of fact-check criticism (false/half-true) on evaluation of President Obama’s statement that immigration reform would not provide amnesty to undocumented persons living in the U.S. Results confirm differences for political affiliation and type of fact-check.
Management in Historical Perspective: Stages and Paradigms:

Based on the premise that ‘History matters’, and looking at the main trends and stages in British management since the late nineteenth century through to the present day, this article provides a rationale for including management history in business school curricula. In particular, in looking at how British managers have made the transition from an essentially ‘salaried’ to a ‘professional’ status, as well as applying Lewin's force-field analysis to tracing the rise of managerial capitalism, we stress the value of taking a long-term perspective in studying the essence and dynamics of managerial change.
Focusing on students? motivation in Hungarian educational context

In the present study our aim was to explore the motivational background of high school students with the help of the Hungarian adaptation of the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS - Vallerand et al., 1992). More than 600 high school students participated in our research and their average age was 16 years old. We applied confirmatory factor analysis to test the original seven factor structure of the scale. Instead of the original structure, a five factor bifactor model appeared to be the best model. Furthermore, according to our results it seems that Hungarian students do not perceive their motivation to have internal origin, and if so, they do not differentiate between the subtypes of them.
The Marriage of Politics and Marketing

Research into major party behaviour in Britain from a political marketing perspective finds that political marketing is broad in scope and offers fresh analytical tools to explain how political organizations behave. It is nevertheless a marriage between political science and marketing. It borrows the core marketing concepts of product, sales and market-orientation, and techniques such as market intelligence, and adapts them to suit traditional tenets of political science to produce an integrated theoretical framework. A party that takes a product-orientation argues for what it stands for and believes in. A Sales-Orientated party focuses on selling its argument and product to voters. A Market-Orientated party designs its behaviour to provide voter satisfaction. Exploring these three orientations demonstrates that political marketing can be applied to a wide range of behaviour and suggests its potential to be applied to several areas of political studies.
The Academic Foreland and Research Demand of Hydrology and Water Resources

There is a great difference between hydrology and water resources in academic development. A complete scientific system has been formed for hydrology, while there is no integrated scientific system for water resources until now. Research on the natural attribute of water resources (such as regenerating mechanism) is the stretch of hydrology in hydrologic cycle, and the knowledge in water resources involve hydrology, engineering, environmental science, management science, economy and etc.. It is necessary to know this for making research on hydrology and water resources and promoting construction of the academic subjects of hydrology and water resources.
An Agricultural Air Quality Planning Tool for Conservation Planners

The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) works with America’s private landowners to conserve natural resources. In addition to traditional emphases on soil and water conservation, the NRCS has recently focused on air quality, with Clean Air now identified as one of only three Venture Goals in the new 2005-2010 NRCS Strategic Plan. The NRCS Air Quality and Atmospheric Change (AQAC) Technology Development Team has developed an Agricultural AQAC Planning Tool that helps NRCS employees, as well as conservation partners, identify important local, regional and global air quality and atmospheric change resource concerns. This paper describes this web-based tool. The tool focuses on the four priority NRCS air-related resource concern components: Particulate Matter, Ozone Precursors, Odors, and Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration. It provides the user with specific NRCS-approved practices, as well as other activities that can be considered for helping address resource concern components that the tool has shown to be important for any given land parcel or production facility. The goal is that NRCS employees and their clients will be more fully appraised of agricultural air quality issues that they are facing (either regulated or of importance for other reasons), and then provide specific management information that can help mitigate air quality impacts and/or reduce emissions.
XeF2 as a ligand to a metal center, an interesting field of noble gas chemistry

This paper presents a brief overview of the coordination chemistry with XeF 2 as a ligand to metal centers. A systematic review of the compounds according to their oxidation state is given. Compounds with the metal in the oxidation state II represent the largest group with the highest structural variety and therefore a comparison of compounds with a similar ionic radius is presented. Single-crystal data of recently prepared mercury compounds with the composition [Hg(XeF 2 ) 5 ](AF 6 ) 2 (A = P, As, Sb) are included. All three compounds are structurally related with bridging XeF 2 molecules connecting the mercury atoms into chains.
An Elementary Proof of Jacobi's Six Squares Theorem

1. F. D. Ancel, An alternative proof and applications of a theorem of E. G. Effros,  (1987) 39-55. 2. A. L. Brown and A. Page, Elements of Functional Analysis, Van Nostrand-Reinhold, London, 1970. 3. T. Byczkowski and R. Pol, On the closed graph and open mapping theorem,  (1978) 723-726. 4. P. Perez Carreras and J. Bonet, Barrelled Locally Convex Spaces, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987. 5. J. J. Charatonik and T. Madkowiak, Around Effros' theorem,  (1986) 579602.
Towards the Building Information Modeling-Based Capital Project Lifecycle Management in the Luxury Yacht Industry

It will be a new approach that BIM’s capital project lifecycle management (CPLM) applied to the yacht industry. This paper explored the feasibility of applying the principles and rationales of BIM for capital project lifecycle management in luxury yacht design, engineering, fabrication, construction and operation. The paper examined the premises and backbone technology of BIM. It then evaluated leading naval engineering and shipbuilding software applications and their development trends from the functional lens of BIM. To systematically investigate a BIM-based approach for capital project lifecycle management (CPLM) in the luxury yacht industry, the paper proposed and outlined an implementation framework. A case study and a student competition use case were discussed to delineate the core constituents and processes of the proposed framework. The case of BIM was reviewed. Through the domestic custom luxury yacht design and prototyping student competition, the application of this framework in educational research is demonstrated and the initial quantitative assessment of the framework is carried out.  a BIM-based CPLM implementation framework can help the luxury yacht industry capitalize on the global transformation to an information-centric and data-driven new business paradigm in shipbuilding with integrated design, manufacturing
Electromagnetic moments of relativistic higher spin baryons

We point out a source of ambiguities in the measurements of the electromagnetic moments of spin-3/2 baryons which rely on relativistic Lagrangian models. An anambiguous relation between the parameters of the spin-3/2 electromagnetic Lagrangian and the electromagnetic moments of the spin-3/2 particle exits in general only for on-shell situation, while the measurements are done on ``virtual'' baryons.
Transparent Alumina Ceramics with Sub‐Microstructure by Means of Electrophoretic Deposition

Alumina is a multifunctional ceramic material combining hardness, corrosion and temperature resistance. Furthermore, the optical properties of aluminium oxide ceramic are of great interest. Therefore processing has to beoptimized. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a colloidal process, where ceramic bodies are directly shaped from a stable suspension by an applied electric field. Forming bodies via electrophoretic deposition allows obtaining homogeneous uniform green microstructures with high density. It is a facile and precise technique to synthesize not only monoliths, but also composites with complex geometries . Alumina green bodies were deposited from stabilized aqueous suspensions with and without doping. Green compacts of alumina were evaluated through their pore size distribution and density. Densification behavior was characterized by dilatometric studies, which were conducted at constant heating rate. Doping has a negative influence on suspension preparation, but contributes to the final densification of alumina. Samples were sintered at different temperatures with subsequent post densification via hot isostatic pressing. Transparency was evaluated by spectroscopic measurements. The measured in-line transmission of the samples at 645 nm was more than 50% and this is 58% from the value of sapphire. Mechanical properties of the samples were tested. The influence of dopings on transparency was investigated.
CO2 in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. 2. NMR investigation of chemical reactions.

The solvation of CO(2) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (Bmim Ac) has been investigated by (1)H, (13)C, and (15)N NMR spectroscopy at low CO(2) molar fraction (mf) (x(CO(2)) ca. 0.27) corresponding to the reactive regime described in part 1 of this study. It is shown that a carboxylation reaction occurs between CO(2) and Bmim Ac, leading to the formation of a non-negligible amount (~16%) of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-carboxylate. It is also found that acetic acid molecules are produced during this reaction and tend to form with elapsed time stable cyclic dimers existing in pure acid. A further series of experiments has been dedicated to characterize the influence of water traces on the carboxylation reaction. It is found that water, even at high ratio (0.15 mf), does not hamper the formation of the carboxylate species but lead to the formation of byproduct involving CO(2). The evolution with temperature of the resonance lines associated with the products of the reactions confirms that they have a different origin. The main byproduct has been assigned to bicarbonate. All these results confirm the existence of a reactive regime in the CO(2)-Bmim Ac system but different from that reported in the literature on the formation of a reversible molecular complex possibly accompanied by a minor chemical reaction. Finally, the reactive scheme interpreting the carboxylation reaction and the formation of acetic acid proposed in the literature is discussed. We found that the triggering of the carboxylation reaction is necessarily connected with the introduction of carbon dioxide in the IL. We argue that a more refined scheme is still needed to understand in details the different steps of the chemical reaction in the dense phase.
Responses of Muslimat and Fatayat to the Quota for Woman in the 2004 Election Tanggapan Muslimat dan Fatayat tentang Kuota untuk Wanita di Pemilu 2004

It is a general opinion that there are two contradictory conflict of interests in every societies life. Those are individualism which strongly emphasized a point of individual interest against collectivism with it’s emphasizing on societies’ interests. That fact is, actually, understood as the nature of human society it self. That’s why the conflict, historically, has still been going on up to now adays and probably should be as it is, till to unkown future time. More over, that conflict is now fully collored by corrupt behavior. From the philosophy of morality (ethic) approach, however, there is no important to put an end that conflict at all. Because of that, the significant problem is ‘how posible to combine two potencies behind the conflict’. In order to realized that purpose, it is believed that both of conciencia and or ethical behaviour have a properly power to solve that problem. There are two reasons, a) Morality Consciousness, namely conscience is an individual fredom and creativities resources, and, b) Ethical norms should be able to lead the individual creativities in order to improve the development of human society Finally, it could be conluded that society which loaded by individual morality consciousness should be grown and developed, and on the contrary, society with ethical norms should be in order.
Yakchi chert–volcanogenic Formation—fragment of the Jurassic accretionary prism in the Central Sikhote-Аlin, Russian Far East

The Yakchi chert–volcanogenic formation is differentiated at the base of the stratigraphic succession in the Khor-Tormasu subzone of the Central Sikhote-clin structural–formational zone or the Samarka terrane of the Jurassic accretionary prism. The paper considers the results of biostratigraphic study of its deposits and petrogeochemical studies of its basalts. A tectonically disrupted sequence of the Yakchi Formation is restored on the basis of fossil conodonts and radiolarians, and its Late cermian–Middle Jurassic age is determined. The authors interpret the resulting stratigraphic succession in terms of changing depositional settings on the moving oceanic plate and recognize events of the ocean history recorded in it. Chert accumulated on the oceanic plate in pelagic canthalassa/caleopacifica from the Late cermian through to the Middle Jurassic. Deposition of siliceous claystone in the Late cermian–Early Triassic reflects the decline in productivity of radiolarians and a long anoxic event in Panthalassa. Chert accumulation resumed in the Triassic and persisted in the Jurassic, and it was interrupted by the eruption of basalts of different nature. Formation of the Middle–Late Triassic oceanic intraplate basalts likely occurred on the thick and old oceanic lithosphere and that of the Jurassic basalts on the thin and newly created lithosphere. In the Middle Jurassic, chert accumulation was replaced by accumulation of tuffaceous siltstone at a subduction zone along the csian continental margin. The middle Bathonian–early Callovian age of this siltstone closely predates accretion of the Yakchi Formation. The materials of the upper layer of the oceanic plate that formed over 100 million years in different parts of the ocean and on the lithospheric fragments of different ages were accreted to the continental margin. The bulk of the accreted material consists of oceanic intraplate basalts, i.e., fragments of volcanic edifices on the oceanic floor. accretion of this western part of the Khor-Tormasu subzone occurred concurrently with accretion of the southeastern part of the Samarka subzone in Primorye, which clarifies the paleotectonic zonation of the Central Sikhote-Alin accretionary prism. The cataclastic gabbroids and granitoids, as well as the clastic rocks with shallow-marine fossils in the Khor-Tormasu subzone, are considered as possible analogues of the Okrainka-Sergeevka allochthonous complex.
Whole-genome natural histories of apicomplexan surface proteins.

The natural histories of free-living and pathogenic protozoans have been described in over a century of studies, spanning a range of disciplines such as microscopic, cellular, taxonomic, pathological, clinical and molecular. Only in the last decade has this landscape of work benefited from the availability of whole-genome nucleotide sequence data. For many pathogens, it is now possible to overlay analyses of protein repertoires onto the current spectrum of knowledge. This article illuminates protozoan natural histories, particularly the rapidly evolving and highly adaptive direct physical interface of apicomplexan parasites and their hosts, by providing a brief introduction to the origin and phylogenetic distribution of parasite-encoded surface proteins and their component domains.
Locating a documentary cinema of accountability: the emergence of activist film practices as a socio-political movement in contemporary pakistan

Maintaining trends of resistance movements, activist agendas, 
and advocacy campaigns initiated in opposition to the Islamization period 
and the dictatorship of General Zia-ul-Haq (1977-1988), contemporary 
expressions of resistance in Pakistan have also begun to include ‘activist 
documentary’ film practices. As issues of religious fundamentalism and 
extremism, gendered violence, violation of human rights, impact of 
Islamization and rigid Sharia laws, particularly on women and minorities, 
besides the violent socio-cultural and tribal practices such as stoveburning, 
acid-attacks, honour-killing, honour-rape, and swara continue 
to haunt the civil society, a new generation of creative activists are using 
documentary film as their activist vehicle of communication, resistance and 
consciousness-raising. This thesis will focus on independent documentary 
filmmakers, productions, Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs), as 
well as a government body, that have contributed to the emergence of an 
activist documentary film movement in contemporary Pakistan since the 
Islamization period. It will discuss their contribution and significance to 
the growth and progress of this emerging film category in the country, and 
argue for an investigative filmic body of work that can be identified as 
a critical documentary ‘cinema of accountability’ from within a Muslim 
society that seeks to provoke debate on crucial issues, stress legislative 
reforms, and promote social change.