nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Emphasising the Positive: The Critical Role of Schlegel's Aesthetics

In its relationship with that which might be considered to exist beyond the perceived limits of philosophical discourse—for the sake of brevity let us call it the Absolute—Early German Romanticism tends to be presented either as mystically positivistic and therefore wholly unphilosophical, or as philosophically informed and committed to a sort of critical antifoundationalism that offers, at best, a negative non-relation to the Absolute. Naturally enough, these two opposing positions give rise to opposing reconstructions of Romantic aesthetics. Whilst broadly in agreement with the latter interpretation, this article argues, in relation to Friedrich Schlegel, that in the rush to establish the philosophical credentials of Fruhromantik, some of its complexity has been jettisoned and along with it a more accurate understanding of the guiding spirit of Romantic aesthetics. Drawing on Fichte and Walter Benjamin, it will be argued that Schlegel's notion of the Wechselerweis is intended to bridge the ideal and the...
Dense and crack-free mullite films obtained from a hybrid sol–gel/dip-coating approach

A novel hybrid processing has been developed to achieve dense and crack-free mullite films with large critical thicknesses. The amorphous solid nanoparticles obtained from the mullite sol–gel precursor were mixed with the same liquid precursor to form stable suspensions, which were subsequently used to form mullite coatings with the dip-coating method, followed by drying and firing. The hybrid precursor suspensions resulted in highly close-packed nanoparticles, which reduced shrinkage during sintering. Selecting the solvent with a low evaporation rate and high surface tension can effectively eliminate the surface instability caused by the lateral flow during solvent evaporation. The mullite film density was significantly improved at low sintering temperatures, because of the high packing density and viscous flow at above the glass transition temperature of the amorphous gel nanoparticles before crystallization. Dense and crack-free mullite films with 500–600 nm thickness can be obtained from the novel hybrid approach.
Management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in a combined dermatology and rheumatology clinic

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic systemic inflammatory disorders with wide spectrums of cutaneous and musculoskeletal presentations. Management of joint disease in this population can be challenging and often requires the expertise of rheumatology in conjunction with dermatology. A multidisciplinary clinic setting may benefit these patients, and in this study we sought to evaluate the experience of such a model. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients evaluated between October 2003 and October 2009 in the Center for Skin and Related Musculoskeletal Diseases (SARM) at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, where patients are seen by both an attending rheumatologist and dermatologist. Main outcomes included the presence of comorbidities, accuracy of the initial diagnosis, and escalation of treatment modalities. Over the 6-year period, 510 patients were evaluated. Two hundred sixty-eight patients had psoriasis and/or PsA. The prevalence of comorbidities was high (45% hypertension, 46% hyperlipidemia, 19% diabetes, and 36% history of the past or current smoking). Visit in SARM resulted in a revised diagnosis that differed from the previous diagnosis at outside clinics in 46% of cases. Patients were more likely to receive a systemic medication after the evaluation in SARM as compared to before, 25 versus 15%, respectively, with an odds ratio of 5.1. Patients were also more likely to be treated with a biologic agent after the evaluation in SARM as compared to before, 37 versus 16%, respectively. Multidisciplinary care may facilitate the diagnosis of joint disease and offers a more comprehensive treatment approach for patients with both psoriasis and PsA. Our data can be used to support the efforts to provide integrated rheumatologic and dermatologic care for this population.
Changes of microstructure of different quench sensitivity 7,000 aluminum alloy after end quenching

The quench sensitivity and their influential factors of 7,021, 7,085, and 7,050 alloys were investigated by the end quenching test method and the measurement of electrical conductivity, hardness, and microstructure after aging. The results indicate that 7,050 alloy has the largest changes with hardness decreasing from HV 199 to HV 167, and electrical conductivity increases from 16.6 to 18.2 MS·m−1 when the distance from quenched end increases from 2 to 100 mm. Alloys 7,085 and 7,021 have relatively smaller changes. According to the relationship between the hardness and electrical conductivity of a supersaturated solid solution, 7,050 alloy has higher quench sensitivity than 7,085 and 7,021 alloys. The microstructure of 7,050 alloy with higher major alloy element (Zn + Mg + Cu) addition and Cu element addition is mostly affected by the changes of distance from quenched end. In 7,050 alloy, the size of intragranular precipitates is from about 10–200 nm, and the (sub) grain boundary precipitates are about 20–300 nm. Alloy 7,085 with lower Cu content is moderately affected, while 7,021 is least affected. It is found that with the increase of distance from quenched end, quenched-induced precipitate preferentially nucleates and grows in the (sub) grain boundary and then on the pre-existing Al3Zr particles.
Provenance and Sediment-Dispersal System in Tectonically Active Rapidly Evolving Foreland Basin, Western Interior: ABSTRACT

The Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation, along the mobile edge of the Western Interior foreland basin, is composed mainly of clastic sediments and was deposited during the initial Late Cretaceous transgressive-regressive phases of the Western Interior seaway across Wyoming. The formation contains many persistent bentonite beds and several sandstone packages in its lower part and a thin, lenticular lithic wacke-polymictic conglomerate association at its upper contact (Torchlight Sandstone Member). Abundant granule to cobble-sized clasts of andesite, granite, chert, and quartzite are set in a poorly sorted sand-to-granule grade volcaniclastic matrix. There is a lithologic continuity of this volcaniclastic unit across the Bighorn Mountains into the Powder River basin. A high-energy distributary complex of sizable areal extent is invoked for the deposition of this linear conglomerate facies. Geochemical investigations of the whole-rock andesite clasts and bentonite allowed more precise definition of character, tectonic setting, and evolutionary stages of sedimentary distributive provinces. Bentonites and andesites are strongly enriched in strontium and barium, but only mildly enriched in heavy rare earth elements and high field-strength elements. These analyzed rocks have trace element characteristics similar in a general way to those of typical orogenic volcanics; they show some significant differences in detail. Composition of volcaniclasts more » and paleocurrent data indicate a proximal sediment source for the extrabasinal detritus within the Frontier Formation. The possibility of a contribution from a Mesozoic volcanic center in the neighborhood of southwestern Montana is strongly favored. The products of this volcanism constitute an assemblage of deep crustal to mantle( ) derived rocks, and their composition record time-integrated enrichment in light over heavy rare earth elements. « less
City A-Z

Featuring a fantastic line up of contributors, The City A-Z introduces students to a refreshingly new way of thinking about and understanding cities and urban life. Specially comissioned short entries capture moments of the city, constantly surprising the reader with entries ranging from poetry to prose, from paintings to a photo-essay, and from rigorous noisy analysis to quiet stories of city life. An "ideas" map, similar to the London Underground map, links all the different themes providing a route through this unique text. 
Includes contributions from: Ash Amin , Anette Baldauf , David Bell, Walter Benjamin, Alistair Bonnett, Iain Borden, Stephen Cairns, Iain Chambers, Steve Graham, Dolores Hayden, Steve Hinchcliffe, Mary King, Deborah Levy, Eugene McLoughlin, Harvey Molotch, Miles Ogborn, Steve Pile, Roy Porter, Jane Rendell, Saskia Sassen, David Sibley,
The Application of 3S Technology to the Tsukuba Bailin Landscape Project

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the method and process of using 3S technology on a landscape engineering project. Through a case study on the Bailin landscape construction project in Tsukuba, Japan, this paper argues that strengthening the drafting capabilities of 3S technology (e.g., comprehensive database management, mapping, landscape simulation, and data updating) will create the type of integrated platform for engineering design and management needed to increase the efficiency of landscape engineering projects.
New sunscreen materials based on amorphous cerium and titanium phosphate

Cerium–titanium pyrophosphates Ce 1− x Ti x P 2 O 7 (with x  = 0, 0.50, and 1.0), which are novel phosphate materials developed as UV-shielding agents for use in cosmetics, were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescent analysis, UV–vis reflectance, and Raman spectroscopy. Since the optical reflectance shifted to lower wavelengths by the crystallization of the phosphates and the stabilization of the amorphous state of the cerium–titanium pyrophosphates was carried out by doping niobium (Nb). Raman spectroscopic study of the phosphate showed that P O P bending and stretching modes decreased with the loading of Nb, accompanying with the formation of Nb O stretching mode. Therefore, the increase in the amount of the non-bridging oxygen in the amorphous phosphate should be the reason for the inhibition of the crystallization. This stabilization is a significant improvement, which enables to apply these amorphous phosphates not only to cosmetics and paints, but also plastics and films.
Effects of vegetation: native, crops, forests

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an update of research on the effects of air pollutants on vegetation. It discusses the primary data base for the two pollutants of primary concern to terrestrial ecosystems—ozone and sulfur dioxide. The chapter highlights research areas, discusses the relative importance of other pollutants, and covers some research areas that are receiving little attention at present. It focuses on two areas of critical worldwide interest. It is a synthesis of the understanding of the impact of acidic deposition on terrestrial systems. The chapter discusses the state of the art in regional and national assessment methodology, using an ongoing program as an example. It focuses on ozone and crop production and addresses research with sulfur dioxide and research on forest systems.
Spontaneous self-ionization in the gas phase: a theoretical prediction.

Proton transfer between dimers is associated with strong bases and very good hydrogen bond donors, namely, between very different chemical species. A spontaneous self-ionization and concomitant proton transfer can occur in dimers involving phosphinic acid derivatives (see picture), even when they present the same functional group. It is also possible, by choosing the appropriate substituents, to modulate the degree of the interaction, from a hydrogen bonded complex to an ion pair, without changing the nature of the functional groups involved.
Information Disclosure Volume and Changes in Stock Returns in Stock Exchange

The main purpose of creating a corporate is achievi ng profit or increasing the wealth of the owners (shareholders) which is pursued by the corporate management and corporate stock return is used as a criterion for evaluating management performance . Since the minor shareholders don't have enough awareness of the firm internal information f ur decision making purposes and are always seeking for obtaining information fo r predicting stock profit and future profit changes as well as information for ev aluating relative risk of respective firms so that they can invest on their s tocks, the firms disclose their financial and non-financial information in the form of financial reports annually which increase awareness of shareholders on financi al status and performance results and financial flexibility of the corporate in each period.Thus, findings of the researches in this regard can be useful for fin ancial reports and involved agents for increased awareness of the disclosure na ture so that they revise informing process and decision making methods throu gh appropriate training.
On Ciphers that Continuously Access the Non-Volatile Key

Due to the increased use of devices with restricted resources such as limited area size, power or energy, the community has developed various techniques for designing lightweight ciphers. One approach that is increasingly discussed is to use the cipher key that is stored on the device in non-volatile memory not only for the initialization of the registers but during the encryption/decryption process as well. Recent examples are the ciphers Midori (Asiacrypt’15) and Sprout (FSE’15). This may on the one hand help to save resources, but also may allow for a stronger key involvement and hence higher security. However, only little is publicly known so far if and to what extent this approach is indeed practical. Thus, cryptographers without strong engineering background face the problem that they cannot evaluate whether certain designs are reasonable (from a practical point of view) which hinders the development of new designs. In this work, we investigate this design principle from a practical point of view. After a discussion on reasonable approaches for storing a key in non-volatile memory, motivated by several commercial products we focus on the case that the key is stored in EEPROM. Here, we highlight existing constraints and derive that some designs, based on the impact on their throughput, are better suited for the approach of continuously reading the key from all types of non-volatile memory. Based on these findings, we improve the design of Sprout for proposing a new lightweight stream cipher that (i) has a significantly smaller area size than almost all other stream ciphers and (ii) can be efficiently realized using common non-volatile memory techniques. Hence, we see our work as an important step towards putting such designs on a more solid ground and to initiate further discussions on realistic designs.
Linguistics, anthropology and philosophy in the French Enlightenment : language theory and ideology

Linguistics, Anthropology and Philosophy in the French Enlightenment treats the development of linguistic thought from Descartes to Degerando as both a part of and a determining factor in the emergence of modern consciousness. Through his careful analyses of works by the most influential thinkers of the time, Ulrich Ricken demonstrates that the central significance of language in the philosophy of the enlightenment, reflected and acted upon contemporary understandings of humanity as a whole. The author discusses contemporary developments in England, Germany and Italy and covers an unusually broad range of writers and ideas including Leibniz, Wolff, Herder and Humboldt. This study places history of language philosophy within the broader context of the history of ideas, aesthetics and historical anthropology and will be of interest to scholars working in these disciplines.
Social Media: A New Frontier for Retailers?

During the last two decades the retailing industry is finding itself in a state of constant evolution and transformation. Globalization, mergers and acquisitions, and technological developments have drastically changed the retailing landscape. The explosive growth of the Internet has been one of the main catalysts in this process. The effects of the Internet have been mostly felt in retail sectors dealing mainly with intangibles or information products. But these are not likely to be limited to these sectors; increasingly retailers of physical products realize that the empowered, sophisticated, critical and well-informed consumer of today is essentially different to the consumer they have always known. The web, and particularly what is known as Social Media or Web 2.0, have given consumers much more control, information and power over the market process, posing retailers with a number of important dilemmas and challenges. This article explains what the new face of the Internet, widely referred to as Web 2.0 or Social Media, is, identifies its importance as a strategic marketing tool and proposes a number of alternative strategies for retailers. Implementing such strategies will allow retailers not only to survive, but also create competitive advantages and thrive in the new environment.
Simplifying and Extending the AdS_5xS^5 Pure Spinor Formalism

Although the AdS_5xS^5 worldsheet action is not quadratic, some features of the pure spinor formalism are simpler in an AdS_5xS^5 background than in a flat background. The BRST operator acts geometrically, the left and right-moving pure spinor ghosts can be treated as complex conjugates, the zero mode measure factor is trivial, and the b ghost does not require non-minimal fields. 
Furthermore, a topological version of the AdS_5xS^5 action with the same worldsheet variables and BRST operator can be constructed by gauge-fixing a G/G principal chiral model where G=PSU(2,2|4). This topological model is argued to describe the zero radius limit that is dual to free N=4 super-Yang-Mills and can also be interpreted as an "unbroken phase" of superstring theory.
Adaptive Random Access for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

In this paper, an adaptive cooperative spectrum sensing scheme using random access is proposed in a cognitive radio network. Although cooperative spectrum sensing improves the performance of spectrum sensing considerably, the problem of how to collect sensing data should be solved for the implementation of the cooperative sensing. This is not an easy problem because complicated coordination between secondary users paprticipating in the cooperative sensing is required. This study addresses this problem in an environment of unequal SNR values of primary user signal at the secondary users. In the proposed scheme, random access is used to collect the spectrum sensing data of the secondary users during collection period and the length of the collection period is determined adaptively based on the sensing data collected so far. Thus, complex slot management for the collection of the sensing data is not necessary. This adaptive determination of the collection period is formulated as a finite-horizon decision problem. Backward induction approach is employed to decide the optimal stopping time of the collection period. In addition, a heuristic algorithm is proposed, which almost equals the performance of the backward induction method and whose time complexity is much smaller than the backward induction scheme. Analysis of the proposed scheme is also provided. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme performs much better than other conventional methods.
The Land of Whose Father? the Politics of Indigenous Peoples' Claims

The Land of Whose Father? The Politics of Indigenous Peoples’ Claims by Anne Frances Boxberger Flaherty Department of Political Science Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Dr. Margaret McKean, Supervisor ___________________________ Dr. Michael Munger ___________________________ Dr. Paula McClain ___________________________ Dr. Evan Charney An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009
The Application of GIS in Historical Geography

The increasingly developing GIS technologies challenge the historical geography which is short of quantitative proxies, and challenge the historical maps because the spatial and temporal coverage of historical maps is not high and the contents of historical map can not reflect historical change. China Historical GIS (CHGIS), investigation of Chinese environment in the past 2000 years, and the development of provincial historical geography information system for a given dynasty have been initiated. GIS is being applied to historical geography research. CHGIS is in the fundamental period and has lots of work to be implemented.
Physically adequate reference system of a massless observer and relativistic description of the GAIA attitude

A relativistic definition of the physically adequate Center -of-Mass Reference System (CoMRS) is suggested as local PPN reference system of a massless observ er. The interrelations between the suggested definitions and the IAU Resolutions (2000) on relativity are elucidated. The tetrad representation of the CoMRS at its origin is also explicated. It is demonstrated how to us e that tetrad representation to calculate the relation between the observed direction of a light ray and the corresp onding coordinate direction in the BCRS. It is argued that the kinematically non-rotating CoMRS is the nat ural choice of a reference systeme where the attitude of the observer (e.g. of the GAIA satellite) should be modeled. The relativistic equations of rotational motion of a satellite relative to its CoMRS are briefly discus sed. A simple algorithm for the relativistic satellite attitude description is proposed.
Imagining European Identity: French Elites and the American Challenge in the Pompidou–Nixon Era

Charles de Gaulle has cast a long shadow over French political history and history writing. In exploring the French response to the United States' 1973 ‘Year of Europe’ initiative, this article challenges the dominant scholarly paradigm, which emphasises continuity between the 1960s and the 1970s. Drawing on a wide range of French and US archives, it demonstrates that renewed concerns about US power spurred the French elites both to reappraise the value of collective European action in foreign policy and to foster a pioneering concept: a politically anchored – as opposed to a geographically circumscribed – ‘European identity’.
Introduction: Caribbean land and development revisted

This collection of eighteen chapters plus an editorial introduction brings together studies of land and development throughout the Caribbean region by historians, anthropologists, geographers, land use planners, a sociologist and a human rights lawyer. Themes include post-emancipation access to land for the former slaves, soil erosion, crop production, agro-biodiversity, tourism, fishing, migration, land tenure, landscape and environment, and various aspects of land policy, planning and management. The chapters cover a range of territories in the Hispanic, Francophone, English-speaking and Dutch Caribbean. This volume is a sequel to the editors' earlier ground-breaking book Land and Development in the Caribbean (Macmillan, 1987) and, with a new cast of authors and an entirely new collection of essays, provides fresh perspectives on Caribbean land and development based on both historical and contemporary research.