nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of ALD Coating Layers on the Optical Properties of Nanoporous Alumina-Based Structures

Optical changes associated with the surface coating of different metal oxides and nanolayers by the ALD technique of a nanoporous alumina structure (NPAS) obtained by the two-step anodization method were analyzed. The NPASs were coated with: (i) a single layer (SiO2 or TiO2), and (ii) a double layer of SiO2 plus Al2O3 or aluminum doped ZnO (AZO) to estimate the effect of surface layer coverage material, geometrical parameters (pore-size/porosity), and number of layers on light transmission/reflection. Chemical surface characterization of the different NPASs was carried out by analyzing XPS spectra, which allowed us to obtain an estimation of the coating layer homogeneity. Transmittance and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements were analyzed in order to detect changes in characteristic optical parameters such as band gap, refractive index, and extinction coefficients associated with the material and the characteristics of the single or double coating layers.
Atomic magnetic moment and X-ray photoelectron spectra of Fe-based crystalline and amorphous alloys

X-ray photoelectron spectra of the valence band and Fe 2p 3 2 and 3s core levels have been measured both for polycrystalline FeCr alloys and amorphous FeB alloys. The 3s-multiplet splitting has been used to estimate the local magnetic moment of Fe atoms. To explain the observed concentration dependence of the magnetic moment, the calculations of the electronic structure and the magnetic moment of the Fe atoms were performed in the framework of the tight-binding coherent potential approximation. Results of the calculations agree with the experimental concentration dependence of the magnetic moment of Fe atoms. This dependence of the atomic magnetic moment on a boron concentration for amorphous FeB alloys obeys the Slater—Pauling rule on going from 15.5 to 19.5 at.% but shows a slight deviation from this linear behaviour at about 15 at.%. For FeCr, alloys the atomic magnetic moment is almost constant for differences of components concentration in agreement with X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements, whereas the average magnetic moment of the alloy decreases almost linearly with increasing Cr concentration. The difference in concentration dependence of the atomic magnetic moment is explained in terms of a charge transfer between s, p and d bands which is found to be larger for the amorphous FeB alloys than for the polycrystalline FeCr alloys.
Introducing Code Adviser: A DFA-driven Electronic Programming Tutor

In this paper, we demonstrate a software system called Code Adviser that attempts to understand and find semantic bugs in student programs written in C++ programming language. To do this, Code Adviser has to take a model solution from a lecturer (or expert), generate many variations of the model solution, and compare student programs to the most similar model solution. The student’s program to be checked for correctness is normalized, granulated and abstracted to a string of semantic tokens — we call this the abstraction stage. Similarly, the model solutions are taken through the abstraction stage and the program strings representing all model solutions are abstracted to deterministic finite automaton (DFA) for the programming problem. Code Adviser then uses some algorithms to make inference on student’s program correctness. If the student’s program string is accepted by the problem’s DFA, it is reported as correct. Else, we make inferences on what the bug could be. Code Adviser is a promising proof of concept, and more work is currently being done to improve its inference and make it available to student programmers.
From the Gold Standard to the Floating Dollar Standard: An Appraisal in the Light of Marx’s Theory of Money:

The paper explores the insights offered by Marxâ€™s analysis of the emergence of â€œworld moneyâ€ into the workings of the international gold standard period and the post-Bretton Woods floating dollar standard. In a curious inversion of the traditional formulations drawing on Lenin, imperial hegemony in todayâ€™s context would seem to be associated with net capital imports (rather than exports) by the dominant country. In particular, I argue that in a context where the role of â€œworld moneyâ€ rests on the monetary liabilities of a dominant state, in the form of credit money â€” â€œfictitious capitalâ€ â€” rather than bullion, there is an easing of the external constraint on the advanced countries in the core with the impact of the debt-deflationary spiral and financial fragility being borne disproportionately by the periphery. The theorization of world money needs to address the relation between the state and the financial system: the asymmetric manner in which countries outside the core were incorporated into the monetary system, and the role that financialization plays in preserving the hegemony of the dominant currency.
Feminism, culture and the intellectual process

This submission to the University of London for a PhD by publication is 
composed of ten articles published in journals and edited collections 
between 1980 and 1990. The work covers a wide span chronologically and 
thematically and for the purpose of this presentation has been divided 
into four sections. The articles in Section I examine the history and 
implications of key debates within feminism and were published between 1980 
and 1983. An additional piece of the same period, which covers some of the 
same ground but was written and published in Spanish, is included in the 
Appendix. The articles in Section II were published between 1982 and 1984 
and focus on gender in youth work and schooling. The first piece is an 
ethnographic study of young women in north London who attended a girls 
project. The second is a historical analysis of gender difference in youth 
service provision and the third explores the symbolic meaning of the urban 
and the domestic in the education of girls. Section III contains two 
pieces on child sexual abuse. The first, published in 1984, looks at 
questions of power and policy in the context of a school; the second, 
published four years later, focuses on the politics of representation. The 
three articles in Section IV, published since 1987, confirm this movement 
into cultural analysis and investigate theorisations of consumerism, 
advertising and identity. The ten articles are linked to each other by the 
introduction which traces the historical, biographical and conceptual 
context in which the work was produced and provides a framework in which 
the intellectual process itself becomes an object of study. The commentary, 
which explores in greater detail aspects of the production and reception of 
each piece and highlights key themes, provides an additional connecting 
thread.
先秦文学中的讽喻传统溯源 An Exploration into Cultural Source of Allegory Tradition in Pre-Qin Period

先秦是人类历史发展的早期阶段，也是人类文化发展的发端时期。对后世文学产生深远影响的讽喻传统，最早可以追溯到先秦时期：言谏制度是将讽喻观与政治相结合的早期实践活动，而《诗经》以及《离骚》中体现怨刺精神的诗歌，则是讽喻传统的文学源头。 Pre-Qin period is the early stage of human history, at the same time, it is also the beginning stage of human cultural development. Allegory tradition has a profound influence on the later literature, and it can trace back to the Pre-Qin period at the earliest. The system of remonstrating with the Emperor is a practical activity which combines allegorical view with the politics. Moreover, poetry of resentment in The Book of Songs and Lisao is the literature source of allegory tradition in Chinese literary history.
Competition and Innovation

The Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission have frequently raised innovation concerns as reasons to challenge mergers. This chapter surveys the economic theories of innovation incentives and considers how the theory may inform antitrust analysis for merger investigations and other conduct that involve innovation. Competition can promote innovation by reducing the value of failing to invest in research and development. However, with non-exclusive intellectual property rights, competition can reduce innovation incentives by lowering post-innovation profits. There is some empirical support for these economic theories. The chapter concludes that economics can inform antitrust analysis for mergers and other conduct that could affect innovation, although it is important that antitrust analysis carefully consider the key factors that drive innovation incentives.
Effect of nanofiller’s size and shape on the solid state microstructure and thermal properties of poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites

We report a study of the solid state microstructure and crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu) reinforced with nanofillers of different shapes, sizes and geometries such as silver, silica (SiO 2 ), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO). The solid state structure of neat polymer and nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the nanocomposite samples exhibited enhanced crystallinity and nucleation density, along with smaller spherulite size. Additionally, the spherical nanofillers were dispersed more uniformly in the polymeric matrix, than the other two filler types. The crystallization kinetics under both isothermal and dynamic conditions were also studied and as was expected, the nanocomposite samples, crystallize at higher rates due to the increased number of nucleation sites, as was calculated with Avrami, Dobreva and Friedman’s methods. From the crystallization study it was found that the nanocomposite filled with Ag nanoparticles exhibited the highest rates from all other fillers followed from SiO 2 and MWCNTs while GO showed the lowest rates.
Microstructural and light emission properties of ZnSnP 2 thin film absorber: Study of native defects

Thin films of ZnSnP 2 were successfully grown on p-type silicon (001), sapphire and glass substrate by e-beam evaporation method. The as-deposited films were characterized using scanning and high resolution transmission electron microscopes, reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurement at low temperature. Polycrystalline nature of the films was verified by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. An optical band gap of 1.71 eV was estimated at room temperature. Two broad luminescence bands at 1.529 eV and at 1.634 eV were observed at 15 K. The light emission characteristics of the ZnSnP 2 were explained in terms of donor-acceptor pair recombination mechanism. Tin-on-zinc sites and zinc vacancies/zinc-on-tin sites were considered as donor and acceptor due to presence of native defects in the films. A schematic band model based on the experimental finding was suggested to account for the DA pair recombination.
The Internationalization of Slovenian SME's: The Born Global Concept in Transition Economies

The paper analyzes the internationalization process of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), that comply with the Born Global concept. The internationalization process of Born Global enterprises distinguishes itself from the classic stage models of internationalization. The Born Global enterprises do not develop their international activities in incremental stages, but often start the latter from inception, entering several very distant markets at once. With the liberalization of foreign trade, the transition countries have become much more approachable for the emergence of Born Global enterprises. Presuming the fulfillment of certain requirements that mostly relate to the foreign market knowledge, the Born Global concept can represent an efficient way of internationalization of enterprises in transition countries. The paper focuses on the elaboration of the Born Global concept definition, as well as the comparison of identified Born Global cases from the selected developed and transition economies.
Asset ownership and implicit contracts

In a setting with two managers/owners who both make relationand asset-specific investments, I suggest a model where a linear implicit contract can strengthen the incentives to invest, if the parties are sufficiently patient. Otherwise, only asset ownership can be used to influence the incentives. First, I analyse the case where the implicit contract may include a fixed transfer, which then must be paid by the manager with the weakest bargaining position. I argue that this arrangement is not observed in business relations, due to risk aversion, bounded rationality and social norms. Therefore I focus on implicit contracts without fixed transfers in the rest of the paper. The same ownership structure is then optimal under both spot governance and implicit contracting, unless an ownership structure with more symmetrical bargaining positions can support a better implicit contract. In fact, a first-best implicit contract is self-enforcing only when the two managers enjoy similar bargaining positions, even if they are infinitely patient. Choosing between technologies, strong interdependencies can be good, since the future losses associated with an implicit contract violation then are large.  I thank Terje Lensberg, Frøystein Gjesdal, Trond Olsen, John Roberts and Steve Tadelis for insightful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. A first version of the paper was completed during my stay at Scancor, Stanford University 1997-98. I would also like to thank Jim March for his support during that period.
‘A series of surfaces’: The New Sculpture and Cinema

This article examines New Sculpture in the context of the emergence of cinema, arguing that chronophotography had a major impact on the temporalization of sculpture in late nineteenth-century Britain. Departing from the demonstrable impact of motion studies on Rodin’s sculpture, the article compares Sir Frederic Leighton’s Athlete Wrestling with a Python (1877) to Rodin’s work on the basis of the works’ shared temporality and self-reflexivity. The article charts the influence of cinema’s prototypes on the democratization of sculpture in the Victorian period, the contingencies of the viewer’s temporal encounter with the work extending to sculpture’s ‘everyday’ context of exhibition and its ‘everyday’ subjects.
Magnetic Characterisation of Rocks Underlying FUTA Campus, South-Western Nigeria

The Federal University of Technology, Akure Campus is predominantly underlain by the Migmatite-gneiss-quartzite complex of the West African Basement Rocks, which forms part of the Pan-African mobile belt. Geo-magnetic characterisation of the underlying rocks was conducted in order to determine the rock boundaries and geologic features within the near surface and subsurface areas of the Campus. Both qualitative and quantitative interpretations of total magnetic intensity data obtained in the area yielded results in terms of different rock units, linear magnetic fabrics, subsurface features and depth to basement of the rocks. On the basis of magnetic response, four rocks units including Granite, Migmatite gneiss, Charnokite and Quartzite were delineated, with varying degree of fabrics’ alterations. Depth-to-bedrock in the Campus varies from 0 to 98.5 m, while depth to fracture/fault in the area falls between 0.1 m and 149.6 m.  Geo-magnetic characterisation, depth-to-bedrock,   rock fabric, total magnetic intensity, magnetic response
Incidence of erectile dysfunction in 800 hypertensive patients: a multicenter Egyptian national study.

To evaluate the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED), its severity, and other sexual function domains in 800 Egyptian patients with hypertension.



All patients completed a detailed questionnaire addressing their general medical history, with special emphasis on hypertension (ie, duration of hypertension, type of antihypertensive treatment, compliance, and presence of any complications). Sexual function was evaluated with the International Index of Erectile Function.



The mean +/- SD patient age was 59.2 +/- 2.3 years (range 28 to 75). Of the 800 patients, 739 (92.3%) had regular sexual activity (one to two times per week) and 346 (43.2%) had ED. Of the 346 men, 40 (5%), 96 (12%), and 210 (26.2%) had mild, moderate, and severe ED, respectively. A highly statistically significant correlation was found between the duration of hypertension and the duration of weak erections. Only 41 patients (12%) with ED reported receiving erectogenic drug therapy.



Our results have shown a greater prevalence of ED in the Egyptian hypertensive population. The presence of another risk factor in addition to elevated blood pressure can increase the incidence of ED further.
Quantitative geodynamic modelling of Barents Sea Cenozoic uplift and erosion

Geodynamic modelling has been carried out to explain the Cenozoic uplift and erosion in the Barents Sea. Three erosion mode are considered: instantaneous, constant rate and elevation-dependent erosion. The first gives the maximum erosion is preferred as it gives more realistic results. Three theoretical models are proposed to account for the Barents Sea uplift: subcrustal mantle lithospheric extension, crustal thickening and magmatic intrusion into the crust, and are modelled against the erosion distribution and present-day crustal thicknesses
Systems, experts, and computers: the systems approach in management and engineering, world war ii and after [Review]

The Reviews Department includes reviews of publications, films, audio and videotapes, and exhibits relating to the history of computing. Full length studies of technical, economic, business, social and institutional aspects or other works of interest to Annals readers are briefly noted, with appropriate bibliographic information. Colleagues are encouraged to recommend works they wish to review and to suggest titles to the Reviews Editor.
The International Home Care Nurses Organization (IHCNO) goes global.

The International Home Care Nurses Organization (IHCNO) began in November 2009, when home healthcare nurses answered a series of Home Healthcare Nurse editorials written by Tina Marrelli [The Interdisciplinary Team, A Free Resource, and a Survey to Complete about the International Home Healthcare Nurses Organization (IHCNO), 27(3), 138–139; Update about the International Home Healthcare Nurses Organization—A Functional Home Healthcare Nurse-Focused “Meeting Place,” 27(9), 513; National Home Care and Hospice Month, Holiday Readings, and an IHCNO Update, 28(10), 581–582]. Since then, the IHCNO has been led by a small group of committed volunteers, who welcome input and assistance with the growth of the organization. This commentary will serve as a short update of some of the progress the IHCNO has recently achieved worldwide. The IHCNO achieved several milestones this past spring, increasing the organization’s international exposure and deepening its Internet resources. First, two IHCNO representatives, Tina Marrelli and the author, presented a poster entitled “Excellence in the Patient’s Home through Global Connections: An International Organization for Home Care Nurses (IHCNO)” at the International Council of Nurses (ICN) biennial meeting held in Valleta, Malta, May 2–8, 2011. The ICN attracts nurses from all over the world and nurses from over 65 countries participated at the Malta ICN meeting. Through this meeting, nurses from diverse countries, interested in promoting excellence in home healthcare nursing, joined IHCNO’s network. The poster was also presented in Perth, Australia, at the International Conference on Innovations in Nursing May 2011. This conference attracted many nurses from “down under.” At this meeting as well, nurses wanting to be part of an international community of nurses, who spur one another on to innovation and excellence in providing the highest-quality care for patients in their homes, were excited to join the IHCNO community. Finally, the IHCNO revised and deepened its Web site at http://www.ihcno.org, with tabs to more information and resources for home healthcare nurses. Web site tabs now open several pages, including web pages describing IHCNO’s
[Übersetzung von] Goebbels, Heiner: Aesthetic of Absence

Aesthetics of Absence presents a significant challenge to the many embedded assumptions and hierarchical structures that have become ‘naturalised’ in western theatre production. This is the first English translation of a new collection of writings and lectures by Heiner Goebbels, the renowned German theatre director, composer and teacher. These writings map Heiner Goebbels’ engagement with ‘Aesthetics of Absence’ through his own experience at the forefront of innovative music-theatre and performance making. 
 
In this volume, Goebbels reflects on works created over a period of more than twenty years staged throughout the world; introduces some of his key artistic influences, including Robert Wilson and Jean-Luc Godard; discusses the work of his students and ex students the collective Rimini Protokoll; and sets out the case for a radical re thinking of theatre and performance education. He gives us a rare insight into the rehearsal process of critically acclaimed works such as Eraritjaritjaka and Stifters’ Dinge explaining, in meticulous detail, the way he weaves an eclectic range of references from fine art, theatre, literature, politics, anthropology, contemporary and classical music, jazz and folk, into his multi- textured music-theatre compositions. 
 
As an artist who is prepared to share his research and demystify the processes through which his own works come into being, as a teacher with a coherent pedagogical strategy for educating the next generation of theatre makers, in this volume, Goebbels brings together practice, research and scholarship.
New insights into the basement of the Transylvanian Depression (Romania)

In the Transylvanian Depression (Romania) a number of deep wells were drilled to investigate and exploit methane gas fields. From these, only a few penetrated the Middle to Upper Jurassic volcanics in the basement. From three boreholes (Deleni, Cenade and Zoreni) rock samples were available for investigations. Deleni and Cenade show calc-alkaline basalts to andesites which are similar to the island arc volcanics of the Southern Apuseni Mountains. Zoreni basalts and basaltic andesites show a boninitic affinity, which was not found up to now in outcrops. The distribution of the volcanics in the basement of the Transylvanian Depression, which correlates with a geomagnetic anomaly, can be explained by the presence of a magnetite-rich ophiolite layer beneath the island arc volcanics. Comparable oceanic crust rocks are found further west, in the Southern Apuseni Mountains. They are considered to be remnants of a marginal or back-arc basin, in which a volcanic arc including boninites developed. Upon the westward-directed subduction of an open ocean, the island arc and part of the back-arc basin were overthrusted eastwards onto continental crust during the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous. A flip in the subduction direction caused late Early Cretaceous westward thrusting of the back-arc basin and island arc rocks onto the crystalline basement of the Tisia continent.
The Army Sustaining Base APP: An Example of Standards Engineering for Ada

Abstrac& This paper presents an overview of an Army Open System Environment (OSE) for developing information systems in Ada, as specified in the Sustaining Base Applications Portability Profile (SBAPP). The SBAPP is a document developed by the U.S. Army Information System Command’s Information Systems Engineering Command (ISEC) to specify a set of standards for use in the Army’s Sustaining Base Information Services (SBIS) projecg and provides a framework for moving Army information systems into an OSE using Ada as the programming language.