nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
'Playing with words’: politics, poetry, and colonialism in José Craveirinha’s work

In a short piece entitled 'Poetry is playing with words', the late Mozambican poet Jose Craveirinha (1922-2003) discusses his work and his place as a writer in the new postcolonial nation.> Speaking of poetry as 'an act of passion', he states: 'I have never been preoccupied ... with having my work published. My friends are more responsible for that than I am." However, since poets are in the business of clarity, he elaborates by lamenting the fact that '[i]n Mozambique to be a poet is not a profeSSIon. For the writing of poetry to be a profession, poetry must be valued; it must be essential. For the writing of poetry to be a profession, the poet must become more important than the soccer star.'5 
 
This is Craveirinha at his best - ambiguous about the worth of his work, ambivalent on his role within contemporary Mozambican writing in Portuguese. The tension is obvious. Craveirinha wants both to be taken seriously as a poet and, crucially, as a Mozambican poet, and claims to be 'attract[ed] to poetry [simply by the act of] playing with words, that constant search for the right word. which is precisely what poetry is'. 6 for a poet, intent on capturing the essence of the thing in the mot juste, Craveirinha is surprisingly vague, if not distinctly obtuse, when it comes to defining what it is that has made him one of the most exciting voices in the writing of the territories formerly colonized by Portugal.7 Most of all, Craveirinha betrays in the statement quoted above some of the unease he repeatedly voices about the role of the artist as political activist. He wants us to believe that as a poet he is essentially playing with words, that he is a dilettante - a stance his work 
so vehemently contradicts; and, in this view, politics are of no consequence. Indeed, one might suggest that Jose Craveirinha's unique place within contemporary Lusophone African writing has always hinged on this uncanny ability to appear diffident, to eschew the limelight. At a time when minor figures in Lusophone writing were being teted at conferences and seminars in Portugal, Brazil, and elsewhere, Craveirinha remained largely at his desk at the University Eduardo Mondlane in Maputo.8 If anything, he seemed intent on cultivating the marginal streak that now marked him as a writer, and that he stressed in his own assessments of his life and work as a Mozambican poet.
Psiquiatría y lenguaje: Filosofía e historia de la enfermedad mental

En este articulo se analizan los presupuestos teoricos en los que se basa el concepto de enfermedad mental. Para ello se recurre a la filosofia y ala historia como saberes que permitiran desentranar practicas politicas y sociales unidas desde siempre al desarrollo de la psiquiatria, y se definen una serie de principios generales utiles para estudiar las enfermedades mentales, y que son: a) la nocion de sistema, que afecta a todos los seres vivos y que nos permite ver la enfermedad mental como un proceso complejo en el que conviven factores sociales y afectivos, ademas de los consabidos bioquimicos y anatomicos; b) El concepto de simbolo, pues los sistemas simbolicos contribuyen a la formacion del yo; c) Los conceptos de imaginacion e irrealidad que entroncan con el mundo de los sentimientos. La historia de la enfermedad mental es esencial para conocer la propia historia del ser humano, de sus dichas y dolores
Estimating Posterior Ratio for Classification: Transfer Learning from Probabilistic Perspective

Transfer learning assumes classifiers of similar tasks share certain parameter structures. Unfortunately, modern classifiers uses sophisticated feature representations with huge parameter spaces which lead to costly transfer. Under the impression that changes from one classifier to another should be ``simple'', an efficient transfer learning criteria that only learns the ``differences'' is proposed in this paper. We train a \emph{posterior ratio} which turns out to minimizes the upper-bound of the target learning risk. The model of posterior ratio does not have to share the same parameter space with the source classifier at all so it can be easily modelled and efficiently trained. The resulting classifier therefore is obtained by simply multiplying the existing probabilistic-classifier with the learned posterior ratio.
The Opera: A History

Taking the reader through the tangled web of opera's opulent history, this book traces its roots back to Ancient Greek music dramas, through the medieval Christian and secular musical plays, to the Renaissance and to the prolific 17th century. It continues with detailed accounts of the 18th century - when opera became a household word - the High Baroque, the French and German heroic and romantic comedies, the great Italian period and the contemporary works of, amongst others, Glass and Birtwistle. This anecdotal study frequently touches on other aspects of opera, including its settings and economics and the social, political and even religious or philosophical elements.
Vacuum-plasma technology for obtaining protective coatings from complex alloys

AbtractThis work is devoted to obtaining coatings from M - Cr - Al - Y alloys by the vacuum-plasma method using 10– 103 eV particle energies. In this energy range we can realize predominant precipitation (condensation) of the coating, ionic (dry) etching, or the formation of a diffuse layer on the surface depending on the particle type and the flow intensity to the surface of the treated article.
Influence of rf power on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu thin films

Fe_Si_B_Nb_Cu alloy thin films were deposited by radio frequenc y (rf) magnetro_sputtering. Their microstructures have been analysed by x_ray di ffraction (XRD) and Mssbauer spectrum. The results show that the thin films, p repared by low rf power, are amorphous. With the increase of rf power, the depo sited thin films were turned to be a mixted structure composed of nano_crystals and amorphous matrix. The nano_crystals contain α_Fe(Si) and α_Fe(B) solid solutio ns, which are in nanometer size, their relative volume fractions, atomic assembly features , magnetic moment orientations and macro_magnetic properties are changed under d ifferent rf powers.
Reconsidering race: The chinese experience on the goldfields of southern New South Wales

Over the past year or more there has been a refreshing sea breeze passing through the area of Chinese Australian history. Some of this change has its origins in a number of seminars and conferences held over the past five years, which are now finding their way into journals, books and other  This scholarship will contribute to a much more precise and informed discourse on the history of the Chinese people in Australia, particularly in the fields of historical archaeology, material culture and racial identity, and the momentum is poised to continue.
from Hesiod's Works and Days

This new, annotated translation of Hesiod's Works and Days is a collaboration between David W. Tandy, a classicist, and Walter Neale, an economist and economic historian. Hesiod was an ancient Greek poet whose Works and Days discusses agricultural practices and society in general. Classicists and ancient historians have turned to Works and Days for its insights on Greek mythology and religion. The poem also sheds light on economic history and ancient agriculture, and is a good resource for social scientists interested in these areas. This translation emphasizes the activities and problems of a practicing agriculturist as well as the larger, changing political and economic institutions of the early archaic period. The authors provide a clear, accurate translation along with notes aimed at a broad audience. The introductory essay discusses the changing economic, political and trading world of the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.E., while the notes present the range and possible meanings of important Greek terms and references in the poem and highlight areas of ambiguity in our understanding of Works and Days.
Optimizing customer journey using process mining and sequence-aware recommendation

Customer journey analysis aims at understanding customer behavior both in the traditional offline setting and through the online website visits. Particularly for the latter, web analytics tools like Google Analytics and customer journey maps have shown their usefulness, by being widely used by web companies. Nevertheless, they provide an oversimplified version of the user behavior in addition to other limitations related to the narrow scope over the cases. This paper contributes a novel approach to overcome these limitations by applying process mining and recommender systems techniques to web log customer journey analysis. Through our novel approach we are able to (i) discover the process that better describes the user behavior, (ii) discover and compare the processes of different behavioral clusters of users, and then (iii) use this analysis to improve the journey by optimizing some KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) via personalized recommendations based on the user behavior. In particular, with process mining it is possible to identify specific customer journey paths that can be enforced to optimize some KPIs. Then, with our novel, sequence-aware recommender system, it is possible to recommend to users particular actions that will optimize the selected KPIs, using the customer journey as an implicit feedback. The proof of the correctness of the introduced concepts is demonstrated through a real-life case study of 10 million events representing the online journeys in 1 month of 2 million users. We show and evaluate the discovered process models from this real web log, then use the extracted information from the process models to select and optimize a KPI via personalized recommendations.
Interface fracture and chemistry of a tungsten-based metallization on borophosphosilicate glass

In microelectronic devices, the interface between barrier metal and dielectric is of particular interest for a reliable electronic functionality. However, it is frequently observed that this interface is prone to failure. In this work, the strength of interfaces between an as-deposited borophosphosilicate dielectric glass (BPSG) layer and a W(Ti) metallization with and without Ti interlayer was the centre of interest. Four-point-bending tests were used for the mechanical characterization combined with a topological and chemical analysis of the fracture surfaces. In addition, the interface chemistry was studied locally prior to the testing to search for a possible Ti enrichment at the interface. The fracture results will be discussed taking the chemical and topological information into account.
Effect of post-annealing on the magnetic properties of sputtered Mn56Al44 thin films

Mn56Al44 (MnAl) thin films of constant thickness (∼30nm) were grown on naturally oxidized Si substrates using DC-magnetron sputtering. Effect of deposition parameters such as sputtering power, substrate temperature (Ts), and post-annealing temperature have been systematically invstigated. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the presence of mixed phases, namely the τ- and β-MnAl. The highest saturation magnetization (MS) was found to be 65emu/cc using PPMS-VSM in film grown at Ts=500°C. The magnetic ordering was found to get significantly improved by performing post-annealing of these as-grwon at 400°C for 1 hr in the presence of out-of-plane magnetic field of ∼1500Oe in vacuum. In particular, at room temperature (RT), the MS got enhanced after magnetic annealing from 65emu/cc to 500 emu/cc in MnAl films grown at Ts=500°C. This sample exhibited a magneto-resistance of ∼1.5% at RT. The tuning of the structural and magnetic properties of MnAl binary alloy thin films as established here by varying the growth ...
SARAH KIRSCH’İN ŞİİRLERİNDE TABİAT BETİMLEMESİ

Although she has produced works of different literary genres, Sarah Kirsch (1935-), one of the most important female writers of contemporary German literature, is most known for her poetry. Having received many literary awards, Kirch, who started her writing career in East-Germany, has pursued a writing career in West-Germany since 1977. Although the poet states that her literary production has not been affected by the periods she lived through under different regimes, this effect is constantly evident in the underlying structure of her poems. "Small object" (kleine Gegenstand), what Germanists call to describe everyday things, and the things around the poet constitute the subject of her poems. The main fabric of her poetry, on the other hand, is nature. This is reflected in her poetry in a naive style that rejects any kind of enthusiasm. The element of nature rooted in the poet's biography has greatly influenced his literary personality. Her poetry, remote from simple imagery, is a composition with natural imagery and has a deep symbolic level. Her poetry, remote from simple imagery, is a composition with natural imagery and has a deep structure at symbolic level. The poet's curiosity about the natural sciences, as in her many poems, is based on the representation of nature which will be touched upon in this article with the poems "Von meinem Haus" (From my House), "Bei den weissen Stiefmutterchen" (By the White Pansies), "Die Wiese (The Meadow) and "Cat Life" (Katzenleben). However, these representations are metaphoric and symbolic structures that describe the Nature-Human integration as an ideal, which is beyond the attribution of a plain view of nature.
Ethnohistory: A Review of its Development, Definitions, Methods, and Aims

The relationship between history and anthropology has too often been viewed in terms of the misleading dichotomy between the ideographic, the specific and unique, and the nomothetic, the abstract, and general (see, for example, Boas 13; Harris 40; Kroeber 46; White 102). Nagel (67), who traces the dichotomy back to Aristotle, has convincingly demonstrated the use of generalizations and specific cases in both history and science, and Sahlins and Service have done a similar thing through their analysis of specific and general evolution (75). The early evolutionists were not historical in the ideographic sense but they were in the diachronic and documentarian senses. The founding fathers of anthropology-Morgan, Tylor, Maine, Marx, and others-sought to find the origins and antecedents of sociocultural systems and to trace their evolution through time. They based their studies on documentary accounts about native cultures written by travelers, missionaries, etc. As Kroeber repeatedly claimed, the historical approach was precociously applied in the social sciences, compared to the biological and physical sciences (47). The delayed development of a historical approach in the other sciences, Kroeber argued (48), was the requirement of a prior development of systematic, synchronic generalizations. This suggests one explanation for the patently ahistorical phase which followed the evolutionary beginnings of anthropology-viz. the need for detailed, synchronic studies. The aversion of Radcliffe-Brown and Malinowski to historical studies is well known. The structure-functionalism of British social anthropology was ahistorical on all counts. In the study of the structures of whole societies it was nomothetic, in the almost total reliance on ethnographic observations it was antidocumentarian, and in failing to study social change it was synchronic. In spite of Harris' recent attempt to portray the American culture historians' work as exclusively ideographic (41), there is good reason to view it as ahistorical in certain fundamental ways. Certainly the culture historians cannot be accused of failing to make diachronic studies, as under Boas' guidance
Almost Weakly 2-Generic Sets

There is a family of questions in relativized complexity theory|weak analogs of the Friedberg Jump-Inversion Theorem|that are resolved by 1-generic sets but which cannot be resolved by essentially any weaker notion of genericity. This paper deenes aw2-generic sets, i.e., sets which meet every dense set of strings that is r.e. in some incomplete r.e. set. Aw2-generic sets are very close to 1-generic sets in strength, but are too weak to resolve these questions. In particular, it is shown that for any set X there is an aw2-generic set G such that NP G \ co-NP G 6 6 P GX. (On the other hand, if G is 1-generic, then NP G \ co-NP G P GSAT , where SAT is the NP-complete Satissability problem 6].) This result runs counter to the fact that most nite extension constructions in complexity theory can be made eeective. These results imply that any nite extension construction that ensures any of the Friedberg analogs must be noneeective, even relative to an arbitrary incomplete r.e. set. It is then shown that the recursion theoretic properties of aw2-generic sets diier radically from those of 1-generic sets: every degree above 0 0 contains an aw2-generic set; no aw2-generic set exists below any incomplete r.e. set; there is an aw2-generic set which is the join of two Turing equivalent aw2-generic sets. Finally, a result of Shore is presented 30] which states that every degree above 0 0 is the jump of an aw2-generic degree.
Graduate Optics Education at the Air Force Institute of Technology

The educational objective of the gaduate optics program at the Air Force Institute of Technology is to prepare students who can bridge the gap between the traditional physicist and electrical engineer. This goal is realized through two programs. One is in engineering physics, which concentrates on optical devices; the other is in electrical engneering, which concentrates on electrooptic system design. Each program is based on a common core, supplemented by specialty course sequences, and each has a thesis requirement.
The new rights of man : an anthology of the events, documents and speeches that have shaped western civilization

Why is the Western world unique in its double bull's-eye of political liberty and material plenty? How has it managed such an unparalleled achievement? Drawing on key documents and speeches from the last 4000 years, from the diverse fields of politics, law and philosophy, economics and religion, culture and science, this selection explains the remarkable evolution of the West's superior freedoms, wealth and civilization. A work of both reference and reflection, this collection is a reminder of the value of the past that helps to guard the future.
Research and analysis of Chinese software industry

The software industry is the basis of the information technology revolution, it has a strong penetrating victory, almost can be combined with all the traditional industries, can greatly promote the transformation of traditional industries and improvement of equipment, so as to promote industrial upgrading, it has become an important force in promoting world economic growth and social development. Rob development initiative, set up in a good position in the global software industry chain, countries all over the world already use software technology as their focus of global competition and strategic high ground were developed based on national development objectives and situation of software industry development strategy, adopted a package of policy measures, in practice gradually formed a development road suited to their national characteristics.
Calculus Of Constituents - A Decidable Fragment Of Second Order PL

We may think of symbolic logic as an attempt of syntactical description of some knowledge. Syntactical level is impor- tant because it is detached from interpretation, i.e. concrete meaning, thus, at least potentially, programable. Here by programmability we actually mean decidability. In logical terms, some formal knowledge (formal theory) is decidable if there is an algorithm which decides whether some sentence of this system is a theorem (formally deducible sentence) or not. In mathematics, the most common formalism is a first order predicate calculus. This is not a single formalism, but rather a nice framework that allows an axiomatization of various parts of mathematics, such as Boolean algebras, groups, fields, vector spaces etc. Such formalizations are called a first order theories.
On the Globalness of Emerging Multinationals: A Study of Indian MNEs

Contrary to contentions in earlier literature that emerging multinationals are only regional players, the evidence on the globalness of Indian firms presented in this study suggests that a number of emerging multinationals are global firms. Their strategies target both the developed and the developing markets and the intensity of their overseas operations is comparable with or far greater than those of the world’s leading multinationals. Many of these firms have greater sales or capital assets outside their home base. Indeed, many of them qualify as global firms as they have a significant presence (over 10% of sales) in each of the four regions (the triad and the non-triad developing regions) and no region alone accounts for more than 50% of their global sales. The study of the transformation of emerging multinationals into non-home region players provides considerable potential for better understanding management theories and practices.
Beyond the ‘transitions’ metaphor: Family relations and young people in late modernity

Against the backdrop of an emerging literature about significant change in family formation in late modernity, this article argues that youth studies over the last 20 years has tended to ignore the significance of family relationships to young people. It critiques the traditional youth-as-transition metaphor that dominates youth sociology, arguing that the assumptions of linear trajectories and of independence obscure the changing nature of family relationships and their significance for youth. Drawing on empirical evidence from a study of Australian youth aged 15–18, this article highlights the significance of family as a site for civic and citizenship enactments. It also highlights young people’s understandings of inter-dependence within a family context, as they contemplate the complexity of transitions in late modern life. The article concludes that it is timely to bring family back into focus in youth studies.
Reconceptualizing Debt Bondage: Debt as a Class-Based Form of Labor Discipline

This article challenges the tendency to conceptualize contemporary debt bondage as an individualized relationship between employer and victim. It highlights the systemic relations of inequality that underpin debt bondage in advanced capitalist countries, focusing on temporary migrant workers in the United States. It advances two interlocking arguments. First, that debt bondage in the US market is rooted in processes of ‘neoliberalization’ that have left dispossessed populations few alternatives but to sell themselves into coercive labor markets. Second, that debt operates as a class-based form of power that disciplines all sectors of the labor market, albeit in variegated forms and degrees. Far from an archaic or non-capitalist social relation, debt bondage must be understood as a profitable strategy of labor discipline anchored in state regulatory frameworks that have bolstered the power of employers and facilitated predatory and privatized forms of credit and lending as solutions to poverty and unemploy...