nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Stochastic Response Time Analysis for Communications in On-chip Networks

Priority-based wormhole-switching has been proposed as a solution to handle real-time traffic in on-chip networks. In order to support real-time traffic, the predictability of end-to-end delays need to be guaranteed. Several deterministic schedulability analysis approaches for wormhole-switched networks have been proposed. These approaches calculate a single upper-bound of the response time of each Network-on-Chip (NoC) flow, which is suitable for hard real-time applications. However, for many soft real-time applications, the performance does not depend on the worst-case scenario, which means that the calculated single upper-bounds are not sufficient to represent the performance. Therefore, in this paper, we present a stochastic Response Time Analysis (RTA) which can calculate a distribution of the response times of a real-time NoC flow. The estimated distributions can be utilized for multiple purposes, such as calculating deadline miss ratios, and computing upper-bounds regarding different probabilities. A number of simulation-based experiments are generated in order to investigate the pessimism involved in the analysis. Moreover, the processing time of the analysis is also measured from the experiments in order to examine the scalability of the proposed approach.
Neutral noble gas compounds exhibiting a Xe-Xe bond: structure, stability and bonding situation.

The structure and stability towards decomposition of eight novel noble gas compounds having a Xe-Xe bond, which have not been experimentally observed so far, have been studied computationally. In addition, the nature of the Xe-Xe interaction has been analysed by a combination of the most popular methods to study the bonding situation of molecules, i.e. Natural Bond Orbital, Atom in Molecules and Energy Decomposition Analysis methods. Two related series of compounds have been considered: HXeXeX (X = F to I) and RXeXeR' (R = halogen atom). Our calculations indicate that the replacement of the fluorine atom by a heavier group 17 congener in the HXeXeX series leads to a less stable compound, thus making more difficult its experimental observation. The same effect occurs in the RXeXeR' series, but these species are more kinetically protected against the decomposition reaction and therefore, their experimental detection is more likely.
Ni(+) reactions with aminoacetonitrile, a potential prebiological precursor of glycine.

The gas-phase reactions between Ni(+) ((2)D(5/2)) and aminoacetonitrile, a molecule of prebiological interest as possible precursor of glycine, have been investigated by means of mass spectrometry techniques. The mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectrum reveals that the adduct ions [NC--CH(2)--NH(2), Ni(+)] spontaneously decompose by loosing HCN, H(2), and H(2)CNH, the loss of hydrogen cyanide being clearly dominant. The structures and bonding characteristics of the aminoacetonitrile-Ni(+) complexes as well as the different stationary points of the corresponding potential energy surface (PES) have been theoretically studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations carried out at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. A cyclic intermediate, in which Ni(+) is bisligated to the cyano and the amino group, plays an important role in the unimolecular reactivity of these ions, because it is the precursor for the observed losses of HCN and H(2)CNH. In all mechanisms associated with the loss of H(2), the metal acts as hydrogen carrier favoring the formation of the H(2) molecule. The estimated bond dissociation energy of aminoacetonitrile-Ni(+) complexes (291 kJ mol(-1)) is larger than those measured for other nitrogen bases such as pyridine or pyrimidine and only slightly smaller than that of adenine.
Bad Economics: Hard Cash /Soft Culture

The intention of this article is not to offer a counterargument for interdisciplinarity or to argue that a cultural reading of finance does not necessarily amount to doing bad economics. Rather, I want to offer a performance of “bad economics”, informed by the belief that culture and economy have “always already” been fused. From this perspective, thinking about economy outside the context of a conjunctural analysis of cultural knowledge and practices—including popular culture—is not an option and, therefore, collapsing into a reductive “us versus them” default position is ruled out from the outset. In other words, this article brings cultural studies to questions of economics in life and death issues as a means of addressing the present moment and the changing ways in which we now talk about economies. Throughout this essay, therefore, I will argue from the assumption that culture and economy are as inseparable from one another as the sides of a sheet of paper.
AGREE - Algebraic Graph Rewriting with Controlled Embedding

The several algebraic approaches to graph transformation proposed in the literature all ensure that if an item is preserved by a rule, so are its connections with the context graph where it is embedded. But there are applications in which it is desirable to specify different embeddings. For example when cloning an item, there may be a need to handle the original and the copy in different ways. We propose a conservative extension of classical algebraic approaches to graph transformation, for the case of monic matches, where rules allow one to specify how the embedding of preserved items should be carried out.
DISTRIBUTION AND KEY CONTROLLING FACTORS OF GIANT GAS FIELDS IN PASSIVE MARGINAL BASINS OF NORTHWEST AUSTRALIA

Using the IHS energy information database,we reestablished the prototype basins of Australia northwest passive margin and its palegeography in this paper.The distribution pattern and key factors of 20 giant gas fields are studied.During C3-J periods,rifts controled the distribution of source rocks.Large scale of deltaic sedimentation in the interval not only brought in a great deal of Type III source rocks,but also provided the most important reservoirs.At the same time,some uplifts and anticlines were formed for accumulation of natural gas.If there is direct seals of marine Cretaceous shale,large gas fields will be formed.It is,therefore,concluded that there is great gas potential in this region.The rift sequence in deep water more than 600 meters is a promissing exploration target.
Retardation of Grain Boundary Reactions in Ag–Cu Alloys by Addition of Tin

The grain boundary reactions in Ag-Cu alloys with or without 1.5 mass%Sn were investigated by optical microscope, electric resistivity, SEM, and hardness tests. The results are summarized as follows. Electric resistivity, hardness, and nodule formation were investigated as a function of aging time for 93Ag-7Cu and 91.6Ag-6.9Cu-1.5Sn alloys at temperatures between 250 and 350 o C. With aging time, the electric resistivity of Sn-added alloy decreased rapidly and reached a constant value after passing a minimum. In the 91.6Ag-6.9Cu-1.5Sn alloy, very fine particles of β-Cu were precipitated in the α'-Ag phase with Cu supersaturation at the initial stage of the aging treatment at each temperature, while nodule formation was significantly retarded
"Tying the Manager's Hands": How Firms can make Credible Commitments that make Opportunistic Managerial Intervention Less Likely

We discuss and empirically examine a firm-level equivalent of the ancient problem of "tying the King s hands", namely how to maximize managerial intervention for "good cause", while avoiding intervention for "bad cause". Managers may opportunistically intervene when such intervention produces private benefits. Overall firm performance is harmed as a result, because opportunistic managerial intervention harms employee motivation. The central point of the paper is that various mechanisms and factors, such as managers staking their personal reputation, employees controlling important assets, strong trade unions, corporate culture, etc. may function as constraints on managerial proclivities to opportunistically intervene. Thus, firms can make credible commitments that check managerial proclivities to opportunistically intervene. We derive 5 hypotheses from these ideas, and test them, using path-analysis, on a rich dataset, based on 329 firms in the Spanish food and electric/electronic industries.
Works on paper : the craft of biography and autobiography

Michael Holroyd opens this volume with a startling attack on biography, which is answered by two essays on the ethics and values of non-fiction writing. The book then goes on to examine the work of several contemporary biographers, the place of biography in fiction and of fiction in biography, and the revelations of some extravagant autobiographers, from Osbert Sitwell to Quentin Crisp - to which he adds some adventures of his own. In particular an important and unpublished piece, "The Making of GBS", a story of internecine literary warfare. The book ends with a series of satires, celebrations, apologias and polemics which throw light not only on Michael Holroyd's progress as a biographer, but also his record as an embattled campaigner in the field of present-day literary politics.
E-procurement management in state governments: Diffusion of e-procurement practices and its determinants

State governments have begun to introduce various eprocurement tools to improve inefficient and ineffective procurement management; however, few empirical studies have documented the diffusion of e-procurement. This study uses data collected from state procurement agencies to examine which e-procurement tools state governments are using as well as to explore what factors affect the adoption of these tools. This study confirms that simple innovations are more rapidly diffused than those that are technically or legally complex. State governments that are more likely to adopt e-procurement tools tend to be larger, managerially innovative, and to have a strong centralized procurement office. Overall, e-procurement is promising technology, but managerial and technical challenges still remain.
350 my of mitochondrial genome stasis in mosses, an early land plant lineage.

Among land plants, angiosperms have the structurally most labile mitochondrial (mt) genomes. In contrast, the so-called early land plants (e.g., mosses) seem to have completely static mt chromosomes. We assembled the complete mt genomes from 12 mosses spanning the moss tree of life, to assess 1) the phylogenetic depth of the conserved mt gene content and order and 2) the correlation between scattered sequence repeats and gene order lability in land plants. The mt genome of most mosses is approximately 100 kb in size, and thereby the smallest among land plants. Based on divergence time estimates, moss mt genome structure has remained virtually frozen for 350 My, with only two independent gene losses and a single gene relocation detected across the macroevolutionary tree. This is the longest period of mt genome stasis demonstrated to date in a plant lineage. The complete lack of intergenic repeat sequences, considered to be essential for intragenomic recombinations, likely accounts for the evolutionary stability of moss mt genomes.
Formal Composition of Distributed Scenarios

Eliciting, modeling, and analyzing the requirements are the main challenges to face up when you want to produce a formal specification for distributed systems. The distribution and the race conditions between events make it difficult to include all the possible scenario combinations and thus to get a complete specification. Most research about formal methods dealt with languages and neglected the process of how getting a formal specification. This paper describes a scenario-based process to synthesize a formal specification in the case of a distributed system. The requirements are represented by a set of use cases where each one is composed of a collection of distributed scenarios. The architectural assumptions about the communication between the objects of the distributed system imply some completions and reorganizations in the use cases. Then, the latter are composed into a global finite state machine (FSM) from which we derive a communicating FSM per object in the distributed system.
Homospory 2002: An Odyssey of Progress in Pteridophyte Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

Articles T he homosporous vascular plants, including ferns and other graceful, primarily forest-dwelling groups such as the ground pines and horsetails, are the extant representatives of ancient lineages that once dominated the land surface. Although the very well-studied seed plants find their closest relatives (sister group) among these species (Pryer et al. 2001), called homosporous pteridophytes, genetic aspects of ho-mosporous plants have not been studied extensively. In addition to the homosporous species, there are extant het-erosporous pteridophytes—among them the water ferns (Marsileaceae), spike mosses (Selaginellaceae), and quill-worts (Isoetaceae)—and extinct heterosporous lineages, which are well represented in the fossil record. But these " evolutionary experiments " in the heterosporous way of life, whose ancestors are homosporous, did not result in the extraordinary burst of diversification seen among the seed plants, and they are not the focus of this review. However, there are more than 10,000 homosporous pteridophyte species on Earth today, and homospory appears to be the foundation on which all extant plant groups stand. Thus valuable insights for understanding the origin and biodiversity of groups such as the flowering plants could be gained from a solid understanding of homosporous lineages. Unfortunately, developing and testing hypotheses about the genetics and evolution of homosporous pteridophytes has been a difficult enterprise, because although homosporous plants share many structural features with their much-studied heterosporous siblings, the reproductive biology of these two groups is quite different. Nonetheless, the last quarter century has seen considerable change in our understanding of pteridophyte evolution and genetics. This review will consider how new discoveries, insights, and hypotheses have modified our perceptions of homosporous pteridophytes and assess the impact that these changes have had on understanding basic aspects of plant genetics. Homosporous pteridophytes possess biological attributes that complicate a thorough understanding of their genetic systems and evolutionary potential. All vascular plant life cycles feature an alternation of genetically different phases: sporo-phytes, the diploid portion of the life cycle responsible for the production of spores, and gametophytes, the haploid generation that yields gametes. The homosporous pteridophytes produce spores that are uniform in size, whereas heterosporous species (including seed plants) produce spores of two different sizes, microspores and megaspores. This seemingly simple difference in spore size extends to the mode of sexual reproduction. Heterosporous species have unisexual gametophytes—microspores produce exclusively male ga-metophytes and sperm, while megaspores germinate to initiate only female gametophytes and eggs. In contrast, all spores of homosporous species can …
Late cretaceous to early tertiary structural elements of west Kalimantan

Recent geological and geophysical mapping in West Kalimantan has allowed the definition of three domains with distinct geological and geophysical characteristics which were imprinted on the region by Early Cretaceous to Eocene convergent tectonic events. 
 
Subduction related granitoids intruded low-grade regional metamorphic rocks during the Early Cretaceous forming the Schwaner Mountains domain extending east-west across the southern and central part of West Kalimantan. This is flanked in the northwest by a complex sequence of sedimentary and volcanic rocks ranging in age from Late Carboniferous to Cretaceous which comprise the Northwest Kalimantan domain. Deformed Cretaceous flysch deposits east of the Northwest Kalimantan domain form an accretionary complex representing the southern continuation of the extensive, dominantly Tertiary accretionary wedge in Sarawak. The boundary between the Cretaceous accretionary domain and rocks of the Northwest Kalimantan domain is a fault which we interpret as a transform that marked the western limit of Late Cretaceous southward subduction beneath West Kalimantan. 
 
Growth of the accretionary complex resulted in uplift of a ridge of melange and flysch deposits, on which a half graben extensional basin formed and accumulated thick lacustrine deposits. A sedimentary basin developed between continental rocks to the south and the emergent ridge comprising accretionary complex rocks and outer shelf deposits to the north, in the position of a forearc basin. As accretion proceeded, the locus of underthrusting migrated northward and a second melange ridge and sedimentary basin developed farther to the north. 
 
The evidence for accretionary processes and the association of these with sedimentary basin formation, supports the hypothesis that an ancient, south-dipping subduction zone existed in the eastern part of West Kalimantan during Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary times.
Adequate subgroups and indecomposable modules

The notion of adequate subgroups was introduced by Jack Thorne [59]. It is a weakening of the notion of big subgroups used by Wiles and Taylor in proving automorphy lifting theorems for certain Galois representations. Using this idea, Thorne was able to strengthen many automorphy lifting theorems. It was shown in [22] and [23] that if the dimension is smaller than the characteristic then almost all absolutely irreducible representations are adequate. We extend the results by considering all absolutely irreducible modules in characteristic p of dimension p. This relies on a modified definition of adequacy, provided by Thorne in [60], which allows p to divide the dimension of the module. We prove adequacy for almost all irreducible representations of SL_2(p^a) in the natural characteristic and for finite groups of Lie type as long as the field of definition is sufficiently large. We also essentially classify indecomposable modules in characteristic p of dimension less than 2p-2 and answer a question of Serre concerning complete reducibility of subgroups in classical groups of low dimension.
Parallel programming models and run-time system support for interactive multimedia applications

The computational demands of interactive multimedia applications are steadily increasing as consumers call for progressively more complex and intelligent multimedia services. New multicore hardware architectures provide the required resources, but writing parallel, distributed applications remains a labor-intensive task compared to their sequential counter-part. For this reason a number of parallel programming models, tools and techniques exist to alleviate the cognitive load placed on the developer, where a number of these solutions allow a developer to think sequentially, yet benefit from parallel and distributed execution. An inherit limitation in a number of these existing solutions is their inability to express arbitrarily complex workloads. The dependency graphs of these approaches, which express the relationship between computation and communication as vertices and edges, are often limited to directed acyclic graphs or even pre-determined stages. Furthermore, these existing solutions are frequently only capable of expressing a subset of the available parallelization domains. This effectively limits these solutions applicability to video encoding and other multimedia algorithms that depend on iterative execution and are capable of expressing a number of forms of parallelism. Through the development of Ginnungagap and evaluation of Nornir, and related work, we have extracted concepts for the formulation of a new high-level programming model and subsequent run-time system, called P2G, which is capable of supporting the emerging domain of interactive multimedia applications. With P2G we improve on existing tools and techniques with the support of arbitrarily complex dependency graphs with cycles, branches and deadlines, and provide support for data, task, pipeline and nested parallelism. This is achieved in P2G through the definition a high-level programming model, implemented through a novel kernel language that is designed to minimize the development effort otherwise placed on the developer by automating key components for parallelization and distribution, such as partitioning, scheduling, agglomeration and synchronization. To demonstrate the feasibility of our solution, we have implemented a proof-of-concept run-time system that demonstrates the applicability and scalability of the designed solution.
Leonardo da Vinci programs - useful tool for improvement of the European construction companies performance

Paper presents results and ideas of Leonardo da Vinci (LdV) projects carried out at Warsaw University of Technology, Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Construction Engineering and Management and Polish British Construction Partnership (as Partner). Presented LdV projects are connected with improvement of the construction staff education and recognition of qualifications, development of formal and informal methods of training for implementation of the Lisbon strategy in EU countries. Presented projects - as created for construction engineers and management specialist - are also a tool for improvement of construction companies' performance throughout improvement of their employees' qualifications and skills.
Metahistory: before and after

This article tries to place Hayden White's Metahistory between two trends: one before and one after 1973. The first is the trend towards studying the rhetoric of history: a trend that goes back to classical antiquity itself, was revived at the Renaissance and – following the moment of positivism – enjoyed a second revival in the age of the linguistic turn. The second trend, after 1973, is essentially the story of responses to White's book, whether negative or positive. Particular emphasis is given to attempts to extend his rhetorical analysis to more historians or to utilize his approach in other disciplines, among them anthropology, geography and international relations.
Asymmetries of information in centralized order-driven markets

We study the efficiency of the equilibrium price in a centralized, orderdriven market where many asymmetrically informed traders are active for many periods. We show that asymmetries of information can lead to suboptimal information revelation with respect to the symmetric case. In particular, we assess that the more precise the information the higher the incentive to reveal it, and that the value of private information is related to the volume of exogenous trade present on the market. Moreover, we prove that any informed trader, whatever his information, reveals its private signal during an active phase of the market, concluding that long pre-opening phases are not effective as an information discovering device in the presence of strategic players.
E-Government in Less Developed Countries

In recent years, e-Government has been the favourable theme for numerous studies and reports. Yet, there is a lack of systematic evidence regarding the key challenges for the e-Government implementation in less developed countries. Consequently, This chapter is devoted to a comprehensive review of literature relevant to shed light on the e-Government in less developed countries, its importance, and finally the effect of the e-Government on the government activities. It also discusses some applications which have been tried by a number of less developed countries and the results they have achieved.