nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The International Petroleum Game and Norway's Dilemma

Noreng, O. The International Petroleum Game and Norway's Dilemma. Cooperation and Conflict, XVII, 1982, 85-93.The first part of this article outlines trends in the world petroleum market, which is a 'political' and oligopolistic market. The international oil market with governments as oligopolists favours the politicization of the oil trade. The international gas market is more compartmentalized. In Western Europe the supply side is oligopolistic, whereas the demand side is a monopsony, a single buyer, a cartel of gas importers on the continent. The second part of the article deals with Norway's dilemma as a marginal supplier of oil and the world's third exporter in the international gas market. Norwegian petroleum policy has essentially been elaborated with domestic economic and social considerations in mind, with the foreign policy aspects being singularly absent. The conscious separation of petroleum policy and foreign policy appears to be a defence mechanism to avoid difficult dilemmas. It is probably...
Building Information Modeling and Its Application in the State of Kuwait

Recent advances of Building Information Modeling (BIM) especially in the Middle East have increased remarkably. Dubai has been taking a lead on this by making it mandatory for BIM to be adopted for all projects that involve complex architecture designs. This is because BIM is a dynamic process that assists all stakeholders in monitoring the project status throughout different project phases with great transparency. It focuses on utilizing information technology to improve collaboration among project participants during the entire life cycle of the project from the initial design, to the supply chain, resource allocation, construction and all productivity requirements. In view of this trend, the paper examines the extent of applying BIM in the State of Kuwait, by exploring practitioners’ perspectives on BIM, especially their perspectives on main barriers and main advantages. To this end structured interviews were carried out based on questionnaires and with a range of different construction professionals. The results revealed that practitioners perceive improved communication and mitigated project risks by encouraged collaboration between project participants. However, it was also observed that the full implementation of BIM in the State of Kuwait requires concerted efforts to make clients demanding BIM, counteract resistance to change among construction professionals and offer more training for design team members. This paper forms part of an on-going research effort on BIM and its application in the State of Kuwait and it is on this basis that further research on the topic is proposed. Building Information Modeling, BIM, construction industry, Kuwait.
Dreaming of the true erotic: Nietzsche's Socrates and the reform of modern education

Education reform requires in Nietzsche's view a trenchant criticism of contemporary educational institutions. The criticism of the institutions and the suggested path for change demand a comprehensive historical study of the foundations of these educational institutions, a study that points out their failures and the available avenues for change. The historical study leads Nietzsche back to Socrates, who is not only the root of contemporary problems, but also a ripe source for new possibilities for education and culture. Socrates' multifarious character eluded the subsequent 'Socratic' culture, which only adopted the radically rationalist side of Socrates. Nietzsche excavates both the beautiful and the erotic sides of his character as exemplars for his educational reform. In the end, Nietzsche overcomes Socrates, so that Nietzsche himself becomes the exemplar for the new tragic culture and education when the limits of Socrates' character are reached.
Biographia Literaria: Or, Biographical Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions

"Biographia Literaria" has emerged over the last century as a supreme work of literary criticism and one of the classics of English literature. Into this volume poured 20 years of speculation about the criticism and uses of poetry and about the psychology of art. Following the text of the 1817 edition, the editors offer the first completely annotated edition of the highly allusive work.
Psychical research and parapsychology interpreted suggestions from the international historiography of psychical research and parapsychology for investigating its history in the Netherlands

One of the reasons the history of parapsychology and its ancestor psychical research is intriguing is because it addresses a central issue: the boundaries of science. This article provides an overview of the historiography of parapsychology and presents an approach to investigate the Dutch history of parapsychology contributing to the understanding of this central theme. In the first section the historical accounts provided by psychical researchers and parapsychologists themselves are discussed; next those studies of sociologists and historians understanding parapsychology as deviant and even potentially revolutionary are dealt with; third, more contemporary studies are examined whereby enterprises such as parapsychology are understood as central to the culture in which they arose. On the basis of this analysis a new direction in the historiography of the subject is suggested in the fourth section, centred upon the relation between parapsychology and psychology in the Netherlands throughout the 20th centu...
High-Temperature Oxidation of Eutectic Alloy Nb-Si, Doped with Yttrium

Nb-Si composites with a high melting point and low density are of interest as a candidate material for use in aircraft engines. However, one major limitation in the application of composites Nb-Si is their poor corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. The corrosion resistance of Nb-Si composites can be improved by alloying elements such as yttrium. This paper studied the effect of yttrium on the oxidation of eutectic alloy Nb-Si at 25-1000o in air by thermogravimetric method, X-ray diffraction analysis and electron-probe microanalysis. The oxidation products are the oxides of silicon and niobium, which are fixed at a temperature above 600oC. The positive effects of yttrium on the corrosion resistance of Nb-Si eutectic alloy up to 700oC shown. The content in the samples of more than 3%Y increases the oxidation rate of alloys and reduces their heat resistance at heated in air.
Rebalancing the Public and Private Sectors in Developing Countries

The process of adjusting the balance between the public and private sectors, an essential part of structural reforms launched in Ghana, took place in an improved macroeconomic environment. The policies pursued, Economic Recovery Programme I (1983-86) and II (1987-89), have followed so far a consensual scheme, "stabilization first then structural adjustment". In the following study, the author points out the probability of success for this second step, by analysing the components of one of the most successful experiences on the African continent ...
Political Science Perspectives on Human Rights

This special issue of Human Rights Review is devoted to an exploration of the current human rights research agendas within the political science discipline. Research on human rights is truly an interdisciplinary quest in which various epistemologies can contribute to each other and form a larger dialogue concerning rights and wrongs. This special issue is devoted to an expansive understanding of the state of research on human rights in the political science discipline. One common theme throughout these contributions is the need for a more nuanced conceptualization of human rights, tools to promote these rights and as social scientists, methodologies employed to study these rights. A second theme is the policy relevance that can be derived from our empirical analysis. This volume demonstrates that the integration of theoretically and normatively rich concepts, empirical social science, and policy relevance do not have to be mutually exclusive when studying human rights.
Venous thromboembolism in heart failure: preventable deaths during and after hospitalization.

Our aim was to compare the clinical characteristics, prophylaxis, treatment, and outcomes of patients with venous thromboembolism with and without heart failure.



We studied patients with heart failure in the population-based Worcester Venous Thromboembolism Study of 1822 consecutive patients with validated venous thromboembolism.



Of the 1822 patients with venous thromboembolism, 319 (17.5%) had a history of clinical heart failure and 1503 (82.5%) did not. Patients with heart failure were older (mean age 75 vs 62 years, P<.0001) and more likely to have been immobilized (65.2% vs 46.1%, P<.0001). Thromboprophylaxis was omitted in approximately one third of patients with heart failure who had been hospitalized for non-venous thromboembolism-related illness or had undergone major surgery within the 3 months before diagnosis. Patients with heart failure had a higher frequency of in-hospital death (9.7% vs 3.3%, P<.0001) and death within 30 days of venous thromboembolism diagnosis (15.6% vs 6.4%, P<.0001). Heart failure (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-3.62) and immobility (adjusted OR 4.37; 95% CI, 2.42-7.9) were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death. Heart failure (adjusted OR 1.57; 95% CI, 1.01-2.43) and immobility (adjusted OR 3.05; 95% CI, 2.01-4.62) also were independent predictors of death within 30 days of venous thromboembolism diagnosis.



High mortality was observed among patients with heart failure and venous thromboembolism both during and after hospitalization. Heart failure and immobility are potent risk factors for in-hospital death and death within 30 days in patients with venous thromboembolism.
Complete Decentralized Method for On-Line Multi-Robot Trajectory Planning in Well-formed Infrastructures

We consider a system consisting of multiple mobile robots in which the user can at any time issue relocation tasks ordering one of the robots to move from its current location to a given destination location. In this paper, we deal with the problem of finding a trajectory for each such relocation task that avoids collisions with other robots. The chosen robot plans its trajectory so as to avoid collision with other robots executing tasks that were issued earlier. We prove that if the destination of each task is an endpoint in a so-called well-formed infrastructure, then this mechanism is guaranteed to always succeed and provide a trajectory for the robot that reaches the destination without any collisions. The time-complexity of the approach is only quadratic in the number of robots. We demonstrate the applicability of the presented method on several real-world maps and compare its performance against a popular reactive approach that attempts to solve the collisions locally. Besides being dead-lock free, the presented approach generates trajectories that reach the goal significantly faster (up to 48% improvement) than the trajectories resulting from local collision avoidance.
Through the Eyes of the Traveler: Consumer Evaluation of Hotels in Eastern European Capitals Compared with Western, Southern, and Northern Europe

With the movement of Russian troops into the Crimean peninsula, and the subsequent vote on secession from Ukraine and joining with Russia, many voices wanted to be heard. The focus of this study is to provide insight as to the views from an interested, but arguably neutral player in the discussion; the second largest country in the world, but one with the third largest population of those with Ukrainian heritage outside of Ukraine and Russia, Canada. Newspaper articles from the period of the crisis from February and March 2014 were collected and analyzed. The articles were published in three national newspapers and also three newspapers with a significant population of those with Ukrainian heritage.  Evidence from this sample of suggests that there was a dominance of negative coverage as to the role of Russia consistent with prior research. The articles reviewed were found to present non-neutral coverage particularly through opinion pieces, which also tended to be both longer and more frequently published than neutral, or alternative articles.
The Mechanism and Calamitousness of Eutrophication

Eutrophication of waters is a worldwide ubiquitous phenomenon. Its hazard increasingly draws attention of the humankind. The mechanism and hazard of eutrophication are discussed in terms of ecology, geochemical cycle, global climate change and human activities. Facing eutrophication, for the whole world, what attitude the humankind should have and what countermeasures we should take are presented.
Academic Network for Microelectronic Test Education

This paper is an overview of the activities performed in the framework of the European IST project EuNICE-Test (European Network for Initial and Continuing Education in VLSI/SOC Testing) using remote automatic test equipment (ATE)), addressing the shortage of skills in the micro- electronics industry in the field of electronic testing. The project was based on the experience of the common test resource centre (CRTC) for French universities. In the framework of the EuNICE- Test project, the existing network expanded to 4 new academic centres: Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, University of Stuttgart, Germany and Jozef Stefan Institute Ljubljana, Slovenia. Assessments of the results achieved are presented as well as course topics and possible future extensions
Inequality in the long run

This Review presents basic facts regarding the long-run evolution of income and wealth inequality in Europe and the United States. Income and wealth inequality was very high a century ago, particularly in Europe, but dropped dramatically in the first half of the 20th century. Income inequality has surged back in the United States since the 1970s so that the United States is much more unequal than Europe today. We discuss possible interpretations and lessons for the future.
The Integration Of Man And Machine

The question of what might happen if man builds a machine to break the “thought barrier” has occupied the attention of many people for quite a few years now. In 1920 Karel Capek wrote a play, which ultimately hit Broadway, entitled “R.U.R.” (Rossum’s Universal Robots). In this play the “robots” (Capek invented the word) ultimately developed to a point where they wiped out the human race. Pope Pius XII commented on automation in 1957. 1 More recently, a medical man, E. P. Luongo, wrote on “Automation and the Obsolescence of Man.” 2 Frank Rosenblatt, father of the Perceptron, one of the most interesting and recent machines that may someday really think, received this headline for his trouble “Frankenstein Monster Planned by Navy—Robot That Can Think.” 3 Ever since the Luddite riots in England in 1810 and 1812, in protest against the introduction of power looms in textile mills, workers have reacted to automation with fear. Automation was then over 25 years old since Oliver Evans built his process flour mill near Philadelphia in 1784. Even conservative figures and estimates are indicative of an adjustment we face in the future. Ewan Clague 4 estimates that unskilled labor will comprise only 10 percent of the work force by 1975, as compared with 20 percent in 1950. Unskilled work at this rate will be almost out by 2012! For the next 20 years we expect the U.S. gross product to go up 3 percent per year while the work force will go up only 1 1/2 percent per year. It is far from clear that only the unskilled will be hit, however, because many of the newer machines are improved, not only in their ability and speed but in simplicity of maintenance. Skilled workers, both factory and clerical, will be affected. Use of plug-in assemblies, sim-
Cinema and Sensation: French Film and the Art of Transgression

One of the most fascinating phenomena in contemporary art cinema is the re-emergence of a corporeal cinema, that is, of filmmaking practices (and, by extension, of theoretical approaches) that give precedence to cinema as the medium of the senses. This article thus explores trends of filmmaking and film theorizing where the experience of cinema is conceived as a unique combination of sensation and thought, of affect and reflection. It argues that, reconnecting with a certain tradition of French film theory in particular, contemporary French cinema offers a point in case: a large collection of recently released French films typify this willingness to explore cinema's unique capacity to move us both viscerally and intellectually. In turn, the article suggests that such films, envisaged as forms of embodied thought, offer alternative ways, beyond that of mere appropriation and consumption, of envisaging the relationship of subjects to art, and, by extension, of subjects to objective world.
On Wiedemann's Method of Solving Sparse Linear Systems

Douglas Wiedemann’s (1986) landmark approach to solving sparse linear systems over finite fields provides the symbolic counterpart to non-combinatorial numerical methods for solving sparse linear systems, such as the Lanczos or conjugate gradient method (see Golub and van Loan (1983)). The problem is to solve a sparse linear system, when the individual entries lie in a generic field, and the only operations possible are field arithmetic; the solution is to be exact. Such is the situation, for instance, if one works in a finite field. Wiedemann bases his approach on Krylov subspaces, but projects further to a sequence of individual field elements. By making a link to the Berlekamp/Massey problem from coding theory — the coordinate recurrences — and by using randomization an algorithm is obtained with the following property. On input of an n×n coefficient matrix A given by a so-called black box, which is a program that can multiply the matrix by a vector , and of a vector b, the algorithm finds, with high probability in case the system is solvable, a random solution vector x with Ax = b. It is assumed that the field has sufficiently many elements, say no less than 50n log(n), otherwise one goes to a finite algebraic extension. The complexity of the method is in the general singular case O(n log(n)) calls to the black box for A and an additional O(n log(n)) field arithmetic operations. Note that the black box model for matrix sparsity is a significant abstraction. For a matrix that has an abundance of zero entries, multiplying the matrix by a vector may cost no more than O(n) field operations, in which case the algorithm becomes almost quadratic. However, the model also applies to structured matrices with few or no zero entries, such as Toeplitzand Vandermonde-like matrices, or matrices that correspond to resultants (Canny
Lithographically patterned metallic conduction in single-layer MoS2 via plasma processing

Tailoring the electrical transport properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides can enable the formation of atomically thin circuits. In this work, cyclic hydrogen and oxygen plasma exposures are utilized to introduce defects and oxidize MoS2 in a controlled manner. This results in the formation of sub-stochiometric MoO3−x, which transforms the semiconducting behavior to metallic conduction. To demonstrate functionality, single flakes of MoS2 were lithographically oxidized using electron beam lithography and subsequent plasma exposures. This enabled the formation of atomically thin inverters from a single flake of MoS2, which represents an advancement toward atomically thin circuitry.
Theatre in Spain, 1490-1700

List of plates Preface List of abbreviations Introduction 1. The birth of the drama 2. From drama to theatre 3. The Comedia: some definitions and problems 4. Lope de Vega 5. Tirso de Molina and the other Lopistas 6. The reign of Calderon 7. The Corrales and their audience 8. Theatre at court 9. Theatre in the street: the auto sacramental Postscript Notes Bibliography Index.
‘Won’t you break free?’ An ethnography of music and the divine-human encounter at an Australian Pentecostal church

This paper is based on ethnography of the ‘worship time’ at ‘Breakfree’ Church, a Pentecostal congregation in suburban Perth. I begin by exploring the ritualistic ways in which music is used to catalyse an ecstatic experience. Making use of the metaphor of ‘break free’, borrowed from a popular worship song, I demonstrate that music is used in deliberate ways to assist people in leaving behind the profane and encountering the sacred. Drawing on the thought of theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher and philosopher Paul Ricoeur, I explore the ways music facilitates and symbolises this experience. I demonstrate that for church members, the ecstatic divine-human encounter is the centre of their church worship and the antidote to difficult experiences such as grief or illness.
The Origins of Children's Career Aspirations: IV. Testing Hypotheses from Four Theories

In a study of 949 elementary students, mixed support was found for four theoretical positions concerning the role of childhood in career development. For Ginzberg's theory, support was found for his observation that interests play the major role in both the selection and rejection of careers throughout the period of childhood. For Roe's theory, the authors found evidence that family configuration influenced occupational choice/no choice. From Havighurst's theory, support was found for the idea that identification with a parent's work is particularly strong among younger children. A number of aspects of each of the theories failed to be confirmed.
The crisis of the ideology of monetary regulation

In the opinion of the author of this article, the lack of noticeable success in overcoming negative phenomena in the monetary-financial and economic spheres reflects a crisis of the mainstream ideology of monetary and financial regulation and testifies to the use of socially unsubstantiated methods in the struggle against inflation and of an inadequate mechanism of banking supervision and deposit insurance. Overall, this causes large-scale abuse of the law and power and worsens the conditions for the development of full-fledged credit relations.
Connecting tools using message passing in the Field environment

An overview is given of the Field environment, which was developed to show that highly integrated, interactive environments like those on PCs can be implemented on workstations and can be used for classical-language and large-scale programming. Field connects tools with selective broadcasting, which follows the Unix philosophy of letting independent tools cooperate through simple conventions, demonstrating that this simple approach is feasible and desirable. Field achieves its goals by providing a consistent graphical front end and a simple integration framework that lets existing and new Unix tools cooperate. The front end is based on a tool set called the Brown workstation environment. The framework combines selective broadcasting with an annotation editor that provides consistent access to the source code in multiple contexts and with a set of specialized interactive analysis tools. Field's integration framework and message facility are described.<<ETX>>