nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Governance enterprise architecture (GEA): domain models for e-governance

Public administrations all over the world promote ambitious and costly e-government programmes. The required domain analysis is usually conducted on a local and ad hoc basis, due to a lack of commonly accepted domain models - in literature and practice - for the overall governance system. This paper summarizes a broad research modelling effort, which aims at developing a domain description for the overall governance system. We propose the Governance Enterprise Architecture (GEA) as a set of domain models that serve as a top-level enterprise architecture. To this point, the development includes five high-level generic process and objects models. Namely, we present the GEA mega-process model, the GEA interaction model, the GEA public policy formulation object model, the GEA service provision object model and the latest development of the GEA object model for the overall governance system.
Through French eyes: Rigaud's drawings of Chiswick

) came to England, about February 1733, he was already a well-known draughtsman and print-seller whose shop in the rue Saint Jacques must have been patronized by British visitors in Paris. He was famous for his views of French cities, châteaux and gardens, most of which were engraved and published in sets; among his recent works were Les Promenades du Luxembourg (1729) and Les  Royales de France (1730). According to Vertue, it was ‘at the request of Mr. Bridgman the Kings gardner’ that he made a visit to England.2 This seems quite likely, as Rigaud's most important commissions were views of gardens designed by Bridgeman or in his style. The French artist drew a few royal gardens like Hampton Court, St. James's Park and Richmond, but worked mostly for aristocratic patrons. He made at least two drawings of Claremont for the duke of Newcastle,3 and no less than 15 views of Stowe for Lord Cobham, which were later engraved by Bernard Baron.4
Fabrication, Analysis of Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Cemented C/C Composites by Laser

Cylindrical carbon–carbon composites have been cemented using a CO2 laser actuated by a raster scanning mirror system in a four-step sequence. Complete and homogenous surface cementation as well as thermal stability of the composites was sought after and achieved. The line of heat created from the laser beam impinged parallel to the axis of the pre-coated cylinder, while suspended from one end and slowly rotated. Four slurry compositions, all containing chloride salts from refractory elements, some combined with silicon, were pre-deposited by air spraying it over each specimen and then laser treated sequentially. Confined heat sublimed the chlorine ions resulting in silicide compounds that reacted with the carbon substrate to form a bonding layer. Microstructure characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, immediately after the cementation was consolidated and after heat treated under argon. Preliminary oxidation weight loss tests were performed up to 1423 K under argon and air, revealing a 9.8 and 30.6% weight reduction, respectively, after 9 h of exposure. Cemented specimens were then coated with a glass overcoat layer that allowed them to perform moderately better against oxidation achieving up to a 28% weight loss after 20 h at 1273 K in air.
Design of Visual Repository, Constraint and Process Modeling Tool based on Eclipse Plug-ins

Master Data Management requires creation of Central repository, applying constraints on Repository and designing processes to manage data. Designing of Repository, constraints on repository and business processes is very tedious and time consuming task for large Enterprise. Hence Visual Repository, constraints and Process (Workflow) modeling is the most critical step in Master Data Management. In this paper, we realize a Visual Modeling tool for implementing Repositories, Constraints and Processes based on Eclipse Plugin using GMF/EMF which follows principles of Model Driven Engineering (MDE). General Terms Model Driven Development/Architecture, Software Engineering, and Master Data Management.
Dennis Hopper: Photographs, 1961-1967

This title presents the many worlds of Dennis Hopper. A reluctant icon captures a decade of cultural transformation. During the 1960s, Dennis Hopper carried a camera everywhere - on film sets and locations, at parties, in diners, bars and galleries, driving on freeways and walking on political marches. He photographed movie idols, pop stars, writers, artists, girlfriends, and complete strangers. Along the way he captured some of the most intriguing moments of his generation with a keen and intuitive eye. A reluctant icon at the epicenter of that decade's cultural upheaval, Hopper documented the likes of Tina Turner in the studio, Andy Warhol at his first West Coast show, Paul Newman on set, and Martin Luther King during the Civil Rights March from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. From a selection of photographs compiled by Hopper and gallerist Tony Shafrazi - more than a third of them previously unpublished - this extensive volume distills the essence of Hopper's brilliantly prodigious photographic career. Also included are introductory essays by Tony Shafrazi and legendary West Coast art pioneer Walter Hopps, and an extensive biography by journalist Jessica Hundley. With excerpts from Victor Bockris's interviews of Hopper's famous subjects, friends, and family, this volume is an unprecedented exploration of the life and mind of one of America's most fascinating personalities. After our limited and art editions, this book is now available in an unlimited trade edition.
Alternative Representations for Algebraic Problem Solving: When Are Graphs Better than Equations?.

Successful algebraic problem solving entails adaptability of solution methods using different representations. Prior research has suggested that students are more likely to prefer symbolic solution methods (equations) over graphical ones, even when graphical methods should be more efficient. However, this research has not tested how representation format might affect solution success, and whether the efficiency of solution varies depending on the nature of the problem solving task. This study addressed the question of whether symbolic or graphical representation format provides different affordances with respect to two different types of problems: computation and interpretation. Graphical representation was found to facilitate problem solving among college students, and problems that required the comparison of slopes were more difficult when presented in a symbolic format than in graphical format.  Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Marta K. Mielicki, via email to mmieli2@uic.edu.
Diversiﬁcation and innovation in tourism development strategy : the case of Abu Dhabi

Through its diversification thrust, Abu Dhabi has succeeded in reaping the benefits both of oil and gas and of the services sector, including tourism, through deliberate government action. Diversification and innovation have been key drivers in all sectors of the economy, including tourism, and innovations in one sector have spawned innovations in others. Drawing on literature sourced from secondary data, including government documents and publications available in the public domain, this article argues that innovation in various sectors can facilitate tourism diversification, innovation, and product/market development. The authors propose a diversification and innovation model, arguing that these aspects are inter-related and that their relationship is cyclical. Diversification and innovations are generated from and influenced by any economic, social, or institutional milieu and by entities such as government, business, and non-governmental organizations The article contends that Abu Dhabi’s new growth p...
The politics of mediating global economic change: Linking the local and the international in Western Europe

More attention has been paid in the literature to the conceptual than to the methodological issues associated with incorporating the importance of the larger political economy into the politics of urban economic change. The empirical analysis combines an interurban analysis with comparative case studies to link political and economic contexts and changes and their interactions at and between scales. This facilitates a better understanding of the lack of improvement in the prosperity of western Europe's poorest metropolitan regions between the mid 1980s and mid 1990s, despite active efforts by some of these poorer cities to secure public and private funds for economic development in an attempt to mediate the adverse impacts of increased European integration.
Gendering Property, Racing Capital

This essay started life as a lecture at the conference convened in 2014 to consider the directions in ‘History after Hobsbawm’. What are the resonances of Hobsbawm’s work in the present and what are the new directions that have been marked out in history-writing in the last decades? The essay, drawing on the work of the Legacies of British Slave-ownership project at University College London, argues that gender and race are both critical to capital formation in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Classical Marxist accounts of the development of industrial capitalism need to be rethought.
Turn customer input into innovation.

It's difficult to find a company these days that doesn't strive to be customer-driven. Too bad, then, that most companies go about the process of listening to customers all wrong--so wrong, in fact, that they undermine innovation and, ultimately, the bottom line. What usually happens is this: Companies ask their customers what they want. Customers offer solutions in the form of products or services. Companies then deliver these tangibles, and customers just don't buy. The reason is simple--customers aren't expert or informed enough to come up with solutions. That's what your R&D team is for. Rather, customers should be asked only for outcomes--what they want a new product or service to do for them. The form the solutions take should be up to you, and you alone. Using Cordis Corporation as an example, this article describes, in fine detail, a series of effective steps for capturing, analyzing, and utilizing customer input. First come indepth interviews, in which a moderator works with customers to deconstruct a process or activity in order to unearth "desired outcomes." Addressing participants' comments one at a time, the moderator rephrases them to be both unambiguous and measurable. Once the interviews are complete, researchers then compile a comprehensive list of outcomes that participants rank in order of importance and degree to which they are satisfied by existing products. Finally, using a simple mathematical formula called the "opportunity calculation," researchers can learn the relative attractiveness of key opportunity areas. These data can be used to uncover opportunities for product development, to properly segment markets, and to conduct competitive analysis.
Palaeobiology of angiosperm origins : problems of Mesozoic seed-plant evolution

1. Introduction and proposition Part I. Technical Situation: 2. Biology and Earth evolution 3. Palaeobotanical factors 4. Data-handling for fossils Part II. Cretaceous Earth History: 5. Cretaceous flora 6. Cretaceous land fauna 7. Cretaceous stratigraphy Part III. Critical Fossil Evidence: 8. Jurassic gymnosperms 9. Early Cretaceous gymnosperms 10. Early Cretaceous fossil evidence of angiosperm characters 11. Late Cretaceous angiosperms Part IV.  Theory of angiosperm origin and early evolution Part V. Other Theories: 13 Pre-Cretaceous angiosperm chains 14. Contribution of studies of comparative morphology 15. Other current theories Part VI.  16. Classification of angiosperms 17.
Nitrogen Complexes as Models for Nitrogenase with Nitrogen on the Active Site

NITROGEN gas reacts in mild conditions in protic media to give the nitrogen complexes [CoH(N2)(PPh3)3]1, and [Ru(NH3)5(N2)]X2 (X = mono anion)2, and related complexes, but the complexed nitrogen molecule has not yet been reduced to ammonia3. Nevertheless, the mechanism of nitrogen uptake in the formation of these complexes may represent the process by which nitrogen is bound in nitrogenase, and the reduction to ammonia could occur in nature by protonation of the complexed nitrogen with simultaneous influx of electrons from the metal. We have therefore studied quantitatively the reactions with strong acids of [CoH(N2)(PPh3)3]1, the substance formulated as [Co(N2)(PPh3)3]4, trans-[IrCl(N2)(PPh3)2]5, and [Ru(NH3)5-(N2)]X2 (X = Cl or BF4)6,7. If protonation occurred, some reduction of the nitrogen with simultaneous oxidation of the metal would be expected. We have found that in general there is oxidation of the metal by the acid, but it leads to nitrogen evolution, often together with hydrogen, and no ammonia.
Reduction of C[double bond, length as m-dash]O functional groups through H addition reactions: a comparative study between H2CO + H, CH3CH2CHO + H and CH3OCHO + H under interstellar conditions.

H-addition reactions on the icy interstellar grains may play an important role in the formation of complex organic molecules. In the present work we propose a comparative study of H2CO + H, CH3CH2CHO + H and CH3OCHO + H solid state reactions at 10 K under interstellar conditions in order to characterize the main reaction pathways involved in the hydrogenation of a CHO functional group. We show that the most probable mechanism for the formation of alcohols under non-energetic conditions through the saturation of the CHO group corresponds to the attachment of the H atom to the CH group with noticeable variations of the energy barriers for each studied reaction. These energy barriers have been calculated to be 8.3, 14.6 and 32.7 kJ mol-1 for H2CO + H, CH3CH2CHO + H and CH3OCHO + H, respectively. The coupling of the experimental and theoretical analysis proves that while the simplest aldehyde, formaldehyde, is easily reduced to methanol, methylformate and propanal behave differently under H-bombardments but they cannot be a source of alcohol formation through H-addition reactions. Consequently, for the formation of alcohols larger than CH3OH, other chemical pathways should be taken into account, probably energetic processing such as the photolysis of interstellar ice analogues containing C-, H- and O-bearing compounds or the coupling of the H-addition reaction and photon-irradiation on species with a CHO functional group.
Scientific Representation: Paradoxes of Perspective

the 'picture theory of science' PART ONE: REPRESENTATION  Representation as 1.2 Imaging, Picturing, and Scaling 1.3 Pictorial Perspective and the Indexical PART TWO. WINDOWS, ENGINES, AND MEASUREMENT 2.1 A Window on the Invisible World (?) 2.2 The Problem of Coordination 2.3 Measurement as Representation (1) The Physical Correlate 2.4 Measurement as Representation (2) Information PART THREE. STRUCTURE AND PERSPECTIVE 3.1 From the Bildtheorie of science to paradox 3.2 The Longest Journey: Bertrand Russell 3.3 Carnap's Lost World and Putnam's Paradox 3.4 An Empiricist Structuralism PART FOUR. APPEARANCE AND REALITY 4.1 Appearance vs. Reality in the Sciences 4.2 Rejecting the Appearance from Reality Criterion APPENDICES BIBLIOGRAPHY NOTES
Palmeiras and Pilotis

In the 1950s, modern architecture became one of the most compelling and widely circulated, if controversial, symbols of industrial and cultural progress in Brazil. Such architects as Oscar Niemeyer and Affonso Reidy were both celebrated and reviled by specialists in the developed world for the liberties they took reconfiguring European architectural conventions for their tropical conditions. Two particular cases emanating from Rio de Janeiro – Reidy's design for the Museu de Arte Moderna and Niemeyer's journal Modulo – highlight how Brazilians engaged with this polemical discourse and disseminated their works of tropical modernism to foreign audiences. Through these and other examples, this article also points to ways in which Brazilians were complicit in the exoticization of their own country, deploying rhetoric about the tropics when it was advantageous and condemning it when it was not.
Copper-phospholipid interaction at cell membrane model hydrophobic surfaces.

Detailed investigation of Cu (II) binding with natural lipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in aqueous solution was carried out by voltammetric measurements at the mercury drop electrode, complemented by monolayer studies in a Langmuir trough and electrophoretic measurements, all used as models for hydrophobic cell membranes. Penetration of copper ions into the PG layer was facilitated by the formation of hydrophilic Cu-Phenanthroline (Phen) complex in the subphase, followed by the mixed ligand Cu-Phen-PG complex formation at the hydrophobic interface. Electrophoretic measurements indicated a comparatively low abundance of the formed mixed ligand complex within the PG vesicles, resulting it the zeta potential change of +0.83mV, while monolayer studies confirmed their co-existence at the interface. The Cu-Phen-PG complex was identified in the pH range from 6 to 9. The stoichiometry of the complex ([PhenCuOHPG]), as well as its stability and kinetics of formation, were determined at the mercury drop electrode. Cu-Phen-PG reduces quasireversibly at about -0.7V vs. Ag/AgCl including reactant adsorption, followed by irreversible mixed complex dissociation, indicating a two-electron transfer - chemical reaction (EC mechanism). Consequently, the surface concentration (γ) of the adsorbed [PhenCuOHPG] complex at the hydrophobic electrode surface was calculated to be (3.35±0.67)×10-11molcm-2. Information on the mechanism of Cu (II) - lipid complex formation is a significant contribution to the understanding of complex processes at natural cell membranes.
Editorial: Crohn's disease: what do recurrence rates mean?

IT would seem at first glance that comparison of therapies for diseases resulting in death over a period of years should be an easy task for physicians. That it has not proved to be so is evident from the most casual reading of the cancer literature, or that related to heart disease. In 1950 Berkson and Gage1 made an important step forward in evaluating survival of patients with cancer by employing an adaptation of the life-table concept, so that at each year after diagnosis, or therapeutic intervention, the number of persons alive could be calculated, and thereby the population at . . .
Loss After Divorce

The need for the helping professions to develop models for prevention and treatment with the growing number of children who are affected by their parents' divorce seems evident and urgent. This is particularly true for children in remarried families who must deal with the double loss of their first family and their single parent family. Based on secondary sources and the author's experiences with divorced families, this paper suggests ways the social work practitioner can help the child or the parents assist the child with his or her "grief work."
The incentives for takeover in oligopoly

This Paper presents a model of takeover incentives in an oligopolistic industry, which, in contrast to previous approaches, takes both insiders' and outsiders' gains from an increase in industry concentration into account. Our main application is to compare takeover incentives in a differentiated Cournot and Bertrand oligopoly model with linear demand and costs. We provide a complete analysis for arbitrary numbers of firms, complements and substitutes, and degrees of product differentiation. An increase in concentration is more likely under Cournot competition if products are complements and more likely under Bertrand competition if products are substitutes. Moreover, as products become closer substitutes, a takeover becomes more likely under Bertrand and less likely under Cournot competition.
The people's historian : John Richard Green and the writing of history in Victorian England

Use of Revised Edition of Short History of the English People Introduction Outside Looking In: An Oxford Boyhood An Ambivalent Undergraduate: The Jesus College Years The Church, the World, and the Self: A Clergyman's Struggles Writing for the Saturday Review: Self-Revelation and Historical Apprenticeship The Short History of the English People Public Acclaim Political Involvements Marriage and Final Works Aftermath and Legacy Bibliography Index
Potential Effect of Elimination of Tax Discrimination between Israeli and Foreign Securities on the Composition of the Public's Portfolio of Financial Assets

This article examines, by means of an investment-portfolio model, how a tax reform the elimination of tax discrimination between Israeli and foreign securities may affect the composition of the publics portfolio of financial assets and, in particular, the proportion of the portfolio that is invested in foreign securities. The purpose of the analysis is to examine how severely the tax reform may threaten the stability of Israels capital and forex markets. The effect of the reform is tested from the points of view of institutional and private investors separately. First we examined the actual investment patterns of investors in Israel and found a strong predisposition, among both private and institutional investors, to invest in domestic stocks even though external investment is highly advantageous. A similar predisposition in the composition of the investors bond portfolio was not found. Before we tested the effect of the tax reform on the publics investment patterns, we estimated, using the Tobin and Markowitz portfolio-selection model, the effect of the predisposition to domestic investment (home bias) on the composition of the securities portfolio. By applying the model, we were able to isolate the effect of the tax reform from other factors unrelated to tax discrimination. The findings show that the main effect of the tax reform will probably be an increase in institutional and private investments in foreign bonds. The difference in the intensity of the effect of the reform will be related to investors strong predisposition to invest in domestic stocks and a significant increase in the relative advantageousness of investing in foreign bonds after the reform. The findings also show that the reform should have a more significant effect (in both relative and financial terms) on institutional investors than on private ones, mainly because the current tax discrimination is more significant for institutional investors.