nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Las dos fridas: History and transcultural identities

This essay examines the film Frida (2002) as historical cinema. It analyzes the portrayal of the artist Frida Kahlo and her relationship with the muralist Diego Rivera against several backdrops: an earlier biopic (Frida, Naturaleza Viva), the work's relation to what ‘really’ happened, the film's internal narrative logic, and the usual representation of Mexico in US cinema.
The geometry of learning

We establish a correspondence between Pavlovian conditioning processes and fractals. The association strength at a training trial corresponds to a point in a disconnected set at a given iteration level. In this way, one can represent a training process as a hopping on a fractal set, instead of the traditional learning curve as a function of the trial. The main advantage of this novel perspective is to provide an elegant classification of associative theories in terms of the geometric features of fractal sets. In particular, the dimension of fractals can measure the efficiency of conditioning models. We illustrate the correspondence with the examples of the Hull, Rescorla–Wagner, and Mackintosh models and show that they are equivalent to a Cantor set. More generally, conditioning programs are described by the geometry of their associated fractal, which gives much more information than just its dimension. We show this in several examples of random fractals and also comment on a possible relation between our formalism and other “fractal” findings in the cognitive literature.
Dimensions of Local State Autonomy

A materialist theory of the capitalist state construes the local state as an apparatus of crisis-management and ideological hegemony over spatially extensive and heterogeneous jurisdictions. Evidence from the State of Massachusetts (as an example) confirms that local state autonomy is subordinate to central state authority. Legal and constitutional arrangements, categorical transfer payments, standardized transfer formulae and implementation standards are shown to be important control mechanisms of the central state.
Costs, Demand, and Imperfect Competition as Determinants of Plant_level Output Prices

The empirical modeling of imperfectly competitive markets has been constrained by the difficulty of obtaining micro data on individual producer prices, outputs, and costs. In this paper we utilize micro data collected from the 1977 Census of Manufactures to study the determinants of plant-level output prices among U.S. bread producers. A theoretical model of short-run price competition among plants producing differentiated products is used to specify reduced-form equations for each plant's price and output. Estimates of the reduced-form equations indicate that the main determinants of both the plant's output level and output price are the plant's own cost variables, particularly its capital stock and the prices of material inputs. The number of rival producers faced by the plant, the production costs of these rivals, and the demand conditions faced by the plant play no role in price or output determination. The results are not consistent with either oligopolistic competition or monopoly behavior, but rather are consistent with price-taking behavior by individual producers combined with output quality differentials across producers.
Preoperative screening for obstructive sleep apnea in morbidly obese patients.

In the western world, obesity is considered a key health problem. It has been estimated that more than two thirds of North Americans are overweight or obese and almost 34% of adults and 15% to 20% of children and adolescents of the US population are obese. Obesity has long been recognized as a predecessor of morbidity and premature mortality. It is frequently associated with a higher incidence of hypertension, lethal cardiac dysrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, and premature coronary death. Other related medical problems include hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, gall bladder disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, stroke, degenerative joint disease, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In addition to a poor quality of life; obesity is associated with hormonal changes that can lead to an increased likelihood of malignant tumors. Uterine and breast tumors have been documented in obese females. Similarly, a higher incidence of renal and esophageal carcinoma is reported in obese males compared to the normal weight population. Data showed that obesity was responsible for 365,000 preventable deaths in 2000. Given the increasing risk with comorbidity, the standard definition of morbid obesity was modified to incorporate patients of body mass index (BMI)Z35 kg/m with concomitant obesity-related disease. One of the major health care expenditures in the coming 2 decades will be the treatment of metabolic disease associated with obesity. With the increased life expectancy and
Home Furnishings: Revisiting the Interior Spaces of Helen Chadwick's ‘Living Kitchen’

This article explores Helen Chadwick's early sculptural practice through an examination of In the Kitchen, 1977, which presented replica kitchen appliances that also figure as hybrid object/garments worn by female performers. It examines Chadwick's playful fashioning of the female body as a challenge to mediated constructions of the feminine in advertising and popular culture. This includes a contextualisation of her material and metaphorical critique of the spaces of the home in light of emerging feminist concerns of the 1970s. In order to further a retrospective understanding of the work, the article considers Chadwick's activation of sculptural couture, performative photography, animate sculpture and interior architecture to reflect on the shape-shifting identity of this singular work of art. The study of In the Kitchen calls for a renewed consideration within art historical and curatorial discourse in order to fully grasp the nature of the artist's self-directed sculptural experimentation.
Land-sea connected projects with related scientific research

In view of the current status and future trend of regional development in the coastal zone of China,and from the perspect of co-ordinated relationship of land and sea,we firstly proposed the definition of land-sea connected projects(LSCP),and then further analyzed the content,extension,function,characteristics and significance of LSCP.The typical LSCP in the world was also summed up and then systematically classified.Finally,mainly from the macro-level perspect of national and regional strategic needs,the future research field that should be strengthened in the construction and management of LSCP was outlined.The purporse of this paper is to attract the attention of this kind of projects at home and abroad,so as to promote the development of the research in the field,which has the important significance for coastal economic and social sustainable development.
Multilateral Organizations as Morally Response‐Able

Global Poverty, Ethics and Human Rights: The Role of Multilateral Organisations. By Desmond McNeill, Asuncion Lera St. Clair.  Routledge, 2009. 192 pp., $39.95 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-415-44594-8).

Who is responsible for the persistence of extreme poverty in the world? International organizations (IO) are, according to the authors of Global Poverty, Ethics and Human Rights , not necessarily because they have caused it (although in some cases they have contributed to the conditions of extreme poverty) but because they are mandated to ameliorate conditions of extreme poverty. And yet, they fail. Why is this the case? The answer to this question is found in the analysis of four case studies. These cases include two of the perhaps most important global development organizations, the World Bank (WB) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), as well as two less studied IOs, the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).

This is an ambitious comparative study about discourse (or lack thereof) within IOs on ethics and human rights as it relates to poverty. Building on the authors' earlier scholarship on ideas and material resources as influences on multilateral organizations, the book addresses the ethical and moral dimension of IOs. At the heart of it is the issue of global justice and the role played by IOs in responding to it. The authors ask “Why cannot organizations with global scope and global mandate—such as the World Bank and the UNDP—more explicitly act, and be proud to act, as promoters of global justice?” One major obstacle, according to the authors, is resistance by state governments within these organizations; thus, the structure of the IOs poses a hindrance to bringing about global justice.

While the book is structured so that each chapter analyzing the cases can be read independently (thus, enabling the reader interested in only one or two cases to go straight to the source), the comparative analysis (although not systematically uniform) of several IOs …
Prototype of fault adaptive embedded software for large-scale real-time systems

This paper describes a comprehensive prototype of large-scale fault adaptive embedded software developed for the proposed Fermilab BTeV high energy physics experiment. Lightweight self-optimizing agents embedded within Level 1 of the prototype are responsible for proactive and reactive monitoring and mitigation based on specified layers of competence. The agents are self-protecting, detecting cascading failures using a distributed approach. Adaptive, reconfigurable, and mobile objects for reliablility are designed to be self-configuring to adapt automatically to dynamically changing environments. These objects provide a self-healing layer with the ability to discover, diagnose, and react to discontinuities in real-time processing. A generic modeling environment was developed to facilitate design and implementation of hardware resource specifications, application data flow, and failure mitigation strategies.
From Geometry to Numerics: interdisciplinary aspects in mathematical and numerical relativity

This article reviews some aspects in the current relationship between mathematical and numerical General Relativity. Focus is placed on the description of isolated systems, with a particular emphasis on recent developments in the study of black holes. Ideas concerning asymptotic flatness, the initial value problem, the constraint equations, evolution formalisms, geometric inequalities and quasi-local black hole horizons are discussed on the light of the interaction between numerical and mathematical relativists.
Information of interactions in complex systems

This paper addresses misconceptions of the multi-variate interaction-information measure Q, which several authors have reinvented since its proposal by McGill (1954), giving it a variety of names and interpretations. McGill’s measure claimed to quantify the amount of information of interactions among three or more variables in complex systems. In (Krippendorff, 1980), I raised doubts about the validity of Q and its relatives. The chief problem that Q-measures fail to recognize is that complex interactions tend to involve circularities and the probability distributions characterizing such circularities cannot be obtained by products of probabilities, which underlie information theory as far as developed by Shannon (Shannon & Weaver, 1949). I argued that Q-measures are mere arithmetic artifacts, and proposed an algorithmic solution to measuring the amount of information in the interactions within complex systems, now widely accepted. The paper responds to Leydesdorff ’s (2009) “Interaction information: Linear and nonlinear interpretations,” published in the current issue of this journal and preceding discussions of these issues on the Cybernetics Discussion Group CYBCOM and personal correspondence involving Jakulin (2009). It prefers to rely on demonstrations with numerical data over abstract interpretations of mathematical forms that can so easily entrap scholars into believing that they measure something real without considering evidence to the contrary.
Wide variation in the use of thrombolytic therapy among junior doctors in south and central Scotland.

(a) To assess the practice of junior doctors who administer thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. (b) To assess whether wider implementation of current guidelines is indicated.



Postal questionnaire survey. Each questionnaire was followed by a reminder.



Teaching and district general hospitals in Central and Southern Scotland.



Two hundred and twelve junior doctors (excluding JHO's) regularly involved in the early assessment and management of patients with acute myocardial infarction.



One hundred and ten questionnaires were returned (response rate 52%). There was wide inter-individual variation in clinical practice regardless of whether subjects worked in teaching or district general hospitals or as cardiologists or non-cardiologists. As many as 12% of respondents administer thrombolytic therapy in the absence of ST elevation or bundle branch block on the presenting ECG. A high percentage of subjects considered diabetic retinopathy, but not a previous history of cerebrovascular disease, a contraindication to thrombolytic therapy. Only 29% and 32% respectively worked in institutions where formal policies existed for streptokinase readministration and rt-PA administration in preference to streptokinase. The administration of thrombolytic therapy in Accident and Emergency departments is not a popular strategy, and the full efficacy of rt-PA is not realised due to inappropriate use or failure to use intravenous heparin.



There is wide variation in clinical practice among junior doctors who administer thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Wider implementation and firmer current national guidelines would ensure that patients presenting with suspected acute myocardial infarction receive optimal therapy.
Quality of life is more impaired in patients seeking medical care for food allergy.

Food allergy (FA) affects 2-4% of adults, but only a small percentage visit an outpatient clinic for a thorough evaluation.



A matched case-control study was used to compare health-related quality of life (HRQL) of the Dutch general population that did not seek medical care for their FA with outpatients who did seek medical care. All participants were diagnosed as food allergic (i.e. with a suggestive history and corresponding positive IgE). HRQL was measured using the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire--Adult Form (FAQLQ-AF). A food allergy independent measure (FAIM) was used to evaluate the adult's perception of the severity of his/her disease.



Total FAQLQ-AF score in individuals who never visited a doctor for their FA was significantly lower than that of patients who sought medical care (2.4 vs. 3.9, p = 0.03), indicating that the former had a better quality of life than patients who did seek medical care. Regarding the different domains of FAQLQ, the score for allergen avoidance and dietary restrictions and the score for emotional impact (EI) was significantly higher in the group that sought medical care (p = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively), indicating the importance of these domains. The FAIM score was significantly higher in the group that sought medical care, indicating that they perceived their FA as more severe.



Patients who seek medical care for their FA have a more impaired HRQL and perceive their FA as more severe. Food avoidance and issues related to the EI of FA are key areas of intervention aimed at improving HRQL in patients with FA.
Differences in need for antihypertensive drugs among those aware and unaware of their hypertensive status: a cross sectional survey

BackgroundLack of antihypertensive use among hypertensive individuals is a major public health problem. It remains unclear as to how much of this lack of treatment is because of failure to diagnose hypertension or failure to initiate drug treatment for those with a diagnosis of hypertension. The primary aim of this study was to determine the proportion of those untreated individuals who would be recommended to start drug therapy for control of blood pressure among those aware or unaware of their diagnosis of hypertension.MethodsThe Canadian Heart Health Surveys (1986 – 1992), a national, cross-sectional descriptive survey (n = 23 129), was used to determine the proportion of individuals who were untreated, yet satisfied the 2004 Canadian hypertension guidelines for initiating drug therapy. Patients were divided into subgroups of those aware and unaware of having a diagnosis of hypertension according to self reported awareness from the survey.ResultsOf those with untreated hypertension (= 140/90 mmHg), only 37% were aware of their diagnosis. 74% of untreated individuals aware of their diagnosis of hypertension would require drug therapy, compared to 57% of those who were unaware. Of those >65 years of age, 52% of aware individuals needed drug therapy whereas only 34% of unaware elderly would need drug treatment.ConclusionIn both unaware and aware subgroups, the majority of patients with untreated hypertension would benefit from antihypertensive drug therapy according to the 2004 Canadian Hypertension recommendations. The proportion of untreated patients that still need drug therapy was higher among those who were aware compared to those who were unaware. This finding suggests that the major gap in hypertension control may be in initiating drug therapy rather than in diagnosing hypertension. Further studies are needed to confirm these results to ultimately help strategize public health efforts in controlling hypertension.
[VOILES | SAILS]: A modular architecture for a fast parallel development in an international multidisciplinary project

The [VOILES | SAILS] project was born from architect and artist Nicolas Reeves' will to evoke the age-old myth of an architecture freed from the law of gravity. Many challenges had to be solved in order to achieve this result, and many skills and expertises were required to implement the different modules of the project, from mechatronics to high-level behavior programming. Standing at the crossroads between Art, Architecture and Science, this highly interdisciplinary project brings together researchers from the artistic, technological and scientific realms in an international academic collaboration. Accordingly, the structure, software, mechatronics and artistic concepts were developed in order to allow rapid implementation of new behaviors and potentials for the robots. This paper presents an overview of the development required to create this robotic platform. It is shown that the modular architecture of both the mechatronics and the software was essential for this international and multidisciplinary initiative.
Synergia: a software engineering laboratory to bridge the gap between university and industry

This paper describes a case of cooperation between university and industry in which a software and systems engineering laboratory housed in a public university acts as a technology solution provider to several public agencies in Brazil. This is an interesting cooperation model for the Brazilian scenario, where the best universities are almost fully dependent on federal government funding - which is usually scarce - and the software community in general still lacks the desired capability maturity.Although this laboratory, named Synergia, is internally organized as a traditional software development company, it also retains important academic characteristics. Such model provides both unique cooperation opportunities and significant management challenges, as will be discussed throughout the text.
Hollywood and the Culture Elite: How the Movies Became American

How Film Became Art 1. Vachel Lindsay and the Universal Film Collection 2.  Hollywood and Columbia University, 1915 3. Mandarins and Marxists: Harvard and the Rise of Film Experts 4. Iris Barry, Hollywood Imperialism, and the Gender of the Nation 5. The Museum of Modern Art and the Roots of the Cultural Cold War 6. The Politics of Patronage: How the NEA (Accidentally) Created American Avant-Garde Film Conclusion: The End of the Studio System
The strongman of eugenics, eugen Sandow

Recent debate on the history of eugenics in Australia has focused on the inter‐war years as a time when social reform eugenics came to the fore. The 1902–3 tour of Australasia by international strongman and eugenicist, Eugen Sandow, suggests that many of the characteristics of inter‐war eugenics were present in the earlier period. Sandow, the father of modern bodybuilding, was a passionate advocate of a healthy mind in a healthy body. While his visit was brief, he left behind a eugenic legacy.
Ground interpolation for the theory of equality

Theory interpolation has found several successful applications in model
checking. We present a novel method for computing interpolants for ground
formulas in the theory of equality. The method produces interpolants from
colored congruence graphs representing derivations in that theory. These graphs
can be produced by conventional congruence closure algorithms in a
straightforward manner. By working with graphs, rather than at the level of
individual proof steps, we are able to derive interpolants that are pleasingly
simple (conjunctions of Horn clauses) and smaller than those generated by other
tools. Our interpolation method can be seen as a theory-specific implementation
of a cooperative interpolation game between two provers. We present a generic
version of the interpolation game, parametrized by the theory T, and define a
general method to extract runs of the game from proofs in T and then generate
interpolants from these runs.
Basket loyalty tussle amongst Indian online retailers

There is a constant need to study E-Commerce space in any country, especially in one such as India where its growing at a very fast pace. Both online and offline businesses are co-existing as opposed to the belief that online will drive the offline stores out of business, with the possible exception of bookstores, which are seen to be impacting on the closure of traditional bookstores. Online sales have become a key buzzword but the detailed analyses of how they fare, the highlights and the learnings would help in establishing a blueprint. This article analyses these concepts and conclusively concludes based on the findings that India is a hot destination for online companies and the fight for consumer attention through different strategies including delivery options and sales are intensifying amongst the major players in the market.
Neoclassical Economic Fiction and Neoliberal Political Reality: Criticism of the "Single Thought" in Political Economics

We can observe today the domination of a certain current of thought in economic theory, which can provisionally be characterized as the "neoclassical-neoliberal-orthodox" mainstream. However, in a field where the confrontation of theoretical referents is inherent to the work of the researcher, is such consensual thinking, or "single thought" even thinkable?
Vista, vision and visual consumption from the Age of Enlightenment

Drawing on previous discussions of visual consumption in marketing, this paper uses two historical examples to examine visuality and the enduring effect of the Age of Enlightenment on visual consumption. Drawing on the French garden and the philosophical trope of the Molyneux Man, the manner in which the consumption experience is mediated and narrated through vision is considered. It is argued that cultural perspective and individual perception work in constant dialogue to produce an individual’s ability to consume, or ‘take in’, visual signs inherent to our world. From the Enlightenment, this interaction has characterized the contemporary consumer’s world, but, importantly for marketing communications, this becomes more significant in today’s burgeoning visual consumption experiences.