nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration Of Information Technology Software In A Civil Engineering Program

Expectations of information technology skills continue to grow in the Civil Engineering profession, demanding that universities include the development of information technology knowledge in their vision and goals, and ABET outcomes and objectives. Since 2007, the Civil Engineering Program at the United States Military Academy has evolved their approach to integrating information technology into multiple courses across the program. In 2009, a comprehensive study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of this approach and three specific challenges were identified: limited faculty capacity to maintain pace with the information technologies, complexities and costs of the technologies, and difficulty of integrating the technologies across a program rather than a one-course exposure. In the following years, these challenges were addressed and teaching approach to information technology evolved to address these challenges. In 2011, a follow-up study was completed to assess the evolution and indentify future work to continue to evolve the approach. Specifically, it was reported that through the evolution and assessment it become readily apparent that there was a unique and strong relationship between learning styles and teaching/tutoring approaches. Although this is an obvious statement relative to all learning and teaching environments, the demands of teaching information technology across multiple domains of development (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor) made this connection even more critical. This paper will discuss the study of the learning styles considerations in teaching information technology and how teaching/tutoring approaches can best be developed to address student learning styles across multiple domains of development. Longitudinal assessment results will be compared to the 2009 and 2011 studies, along with other assessments. It is believed that these results, and the continued assessment of the teaching approach at this institution, will provide valuable insight to other programs to help them overcome the challenges of teaching information technologies.
The Adversity Pop Culture Has Posed

I am a collage artist working with multiple mediums such as paint, photography, video, audio, and performance. As a New Orleans’ native, I have a unique history that is unflattering, for my history echoes that of America’s historical misdeeds. I make sociopolitical art because I am of a historically oppressed people. I make art that celebrates my diverse culture that is a collage of Native American, African, and New Orleans’ French Creole.
Characterizing Interest aggregation in content-centric networks

The Named Data Networking (NDN) and Content-Centric Networking (CCN) architectures advocate Interest aggregation as a means to reduce end-to-end latency and bandwidth consumption. To enable these benefits, Interest aggregation must be realized through Pending Interest Tables (PIT) that grow in size at the rate of incoming Interests to an extent that may eventually defeat their original purpose. A thorough analysis is provided of the Interest aggregation mechanism using mathematical arguments backed by extensive discrete-event simulation results. We present a simple yet accurate analytical framework for characterizing Interest aggregation in a CCN router, and use our model to develop an iterative algorithm to analyze the benefits of Interest aggregation in a network of interconnected routers. Our findings reveal that, under realistic assumptions, an insignificant fraction of Interests in the system benefit from aggregation, compromising the effectiveness of using PITs as an integral component of Content-Centric Networks.
Ibiza en la pintura costumbrista de Amadeo Roca 1 Ibiza in the costumbrista painting of Amadeo Roca

The controversy that aroused in the thirties provoked by the way in which Amadeo Roca represented the traditional costumes of Ibiza in his paintings acts as the structural axis of this article in order to deepen in the appropriate concept of ideal of group and in the evolutionary process that affects it. The clash between established correctness (limited by the loss of historical memory) and artistic freedom (not lacking ethnographic documentation and content) offers an interesting field of study in which ethnohistorical methodology must take part. Beside this the painter’s convenient stay in a peasant village of the island sketches an anthropological view of the place and the moment, interrelated with the process of achievement and indeed of disappearance of a part of his work.
Static prediction games for adversarial learning problems

The standard assumption of identically distributed training and test data is violated when the test data are generated in response to the presence of a predictive model. This becomes apparent, for example, in the context of email spam filtering. Here, email service providers employ spam filters, and spam senders engineer campaign templates to achieve a high rate of successful deliveries despite the filters. We model the interaction between the learner and the data generator as a static game in which the cost functions of the learner and the data generator are not necessarily antagonistic. We identify conditions under which this prediction game has a unique Nash equilibrium and derive algorithms that find the equilibrial prediction model. We derive two instances, the Nash logistic regression and the Nash support vector machine, and empirically explore their properties in a case study on email spam filtering.
Progress in Research on Ti-Al Intermetallic Compound Porous Material

Ti-Al intermetallic compound porous material colligates the property advantages of both porous ceramics and metals,which is regard as a novel inorganic porous material with great development potential.Currently,researches on Ti-Al intermetallic compound porous material include three parts: fabrications,properties,and applications.The fabrications of this porous material include reactive synthesis of porous body,porous membrane and paper membrane; the properties include swelling behavior,pore structure,environment corrosion resistivity and welding property; the applications of this porous material include filtration elements used in the separation process for industrial fluid and supports of compound Pd membrane in chemical engineering.
ALGEBRAIC CATEGORIES WHOSE PROJECTIVES ARE EXPLICITLY FREE

Let M = (M;m;u) be a monad and let (MX;m) be the free M-algebra on the object X. Consider an M-algebra (A;a), a retraction r : (MX;m)! (A;a) and a section t : (A;a)! (MX;m) of r. The retract (A;a) is not free in general. We observe that for many monads with a 'combinatorial avor' such a retract is not only a free algebra (MA0;m), but it is also the case that the object A0 of generators is determined in a canonical way by the section t. We give a precise form of this property, prove a characterization, and discuss examples from combinatorics, universal algebra, convexity and topos theory.
The effect of the alkali metal cation on the electrocatalytic oxidation of formate on platinum

Non-covalent interactions between hydrated alkali metal cations and adsorbed oxygenated species on platinum might considerably inhibit some electrocatalytic reactions. We report in this communication the effect exerted by electrolyte alkali metal cations on the electro-oxidation of formate ions on platinum. The system was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in the presence of an electrolyte containing Li+, Na+, or K+. As already observed for other systems, the general activity towards the electro-oxidation of formate ions was found to increase in the sequence Li+ < Na+ < K+. In addition, we observed that the inhibition caused by smaller cations has a peculiar potential dependence because of the multi-peaked current profile of the electro-oxidation of formate on platinum. In this respect, we have also identified a new effect caused by cation inhibition at intermediate potentials, namely a peak splitting towards the use of smaller cations. Results are discussed in connection with mechanistic aspects of this model system.
Die Entwicklung der Valenzlehre und Alfred Werner

Surveying the various concepts of valency which have been put forward sinceDalton for the classification of chemical phenomena, it is found that the principles have been either dualistic (Berzelius, Blomstrand, Arrhenius, Kossel) or unitarian (Gerhard, Couper, Kekulé). The phenomena of inorganic chemistry can be classified only by using dualistic concepts, whereas unitarian systems proved to be superior for the phenomena of organic chemistry. In the conceptions of G. N.Lewis and N.Sidgwick, a combination of dualistic and unitarian concepts in one theory was achieved by distinguishing two types of bonds (mobile-immobile, polar-non-polar, ioniccovalent). With the octet rule, ions as well as molecules (uncharged and charged) may be derived and it is readily understood that bonds may vary from extreme polarity to non-polar links. The coordination theory ofWerner neither fits into the dualistic nor the unitarian class of valency principles.Werner derives the compounds by using principal and auxiliary valencies (‘Haupt- und Nebenvalenzen’) and distinguishes addition and insertion compounds (‘Anlagerungs- und Einlagerungsverbindungen’). However, he avoids making any statement concerning the nature of the bonds, which makes his system very adaptable but difficult to grasp. Today it is readily understood thatWerner's principal valency characterizes the stoichiometry and his coordination number characterizes the structure of the compound in question without making any statement about the nature of the bonds involved. Because of thatWerner's concepts have survived and are indispensable even today, in spite of the rise of atomic physics which has changed our views on the nature of the chemical bonds so drastically.
INFINITE NUCLEAR MATTER ON THE LIGHT FRONT: A MODERN APPROACH TO BRUECKNER THEORY

Understanding an important class of experiments requires that light-front dynamics and the related light cone variables k+, k⊥ be used. If one uses k+=k0+k3 as a momentum variable the corresponding canonical spatial variable is x-=x0-x3 and the time variable is x0+x3. This is the light front (LF) approach of Dirac. A relativistic light front formulation of nuclear dynamics is developed and applied to treating infinite nuclear matter in a method which includes the correlations of pairs of nucleons. This is light front Brueckner theory.
Clinical utility of the Revised Cardiac Risk Index in non-cardiac surgery for elderly patients: a prospective cohort study

PurposeWe investigated the association between the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.MethodsThe predictive value of the RCRI for the risk of perioperative complications, length of hospital stay and hospital cost were evaluated from a prospective cohort of 119 patients aged ≥65 years undergoing elective major digestive, breast or vascular surgery.ResultsComparing three groups RCRI 0, 1 and ≥2, the morbidity rates were 0, 30 and 68 %; the median length of hospitalization was 5, 14 and 28 days; and the median cost was 665,000, 1,480,000 and 2,160,000 yen, respectively. The mortality rate was 0 % in all groups. The RCRI 0 group included only non-high-risk (breast and peripheral vascular) surgeries. In addition, comparing the two groups by excluding non-high-risk surgeries (RCRI 1 and ≥2), the median morbidity rates were 31 and 67 %, the median length of hospitalization was 15 and 28 days, and the median cost was 1,550,000 and 2,130,000 yen, respectively. The RCRI score was the only independent predictor of the perioperative complications.ConclusionsIn the case of non-cardiac surgery, the RCRI can identify patients at higher risk of perioperative complications, a prolonged hospital stay and higher hospital cost.
Computational Higher Type Theory I: Abstract Cubical Realizability

Brouwer's constructivist foundations of mathematics is based on an intuitively meaningful notion of computation shared by all mathematicians. Martin-L\"of's meaning explanations for constructive type theory define the concept of a type in terms of computation. Briefly, a type is a complete (closed) program that evaluates to a canonical type whose members are complete programs that evaluate to canonical elements of that type. The explanation is extended to incomplete (open) programs by functionality: types and elements must respect equality in their free variables. Equality is evidence-free---two types or elements are at most equal---and equal things are implicitly interchangeable in all contexts. 
Higher-dimensional type theory extends type theory to account for identifications of types and elements. An identification witnesses that two types or elements are explicitly interchangeable in all contexts by an explicit transport, or coercion, operation. There must be sufficiently many identifications, which is ensured by imposing a generalized form of the Kan condition from homotopy theory. Here we provide a Martin-L\"of-style meaning explanation of simple higher-dimensional type theory based on a programming language that includes Kan-like constructs witnessing the computational meaning of the higher structure of types. The treatment includes an example of a higher inductive type (namely, the 1-dimensional sphere) and an example of Voevodsky's univalence principle, which identifies equivalent types. 
The main result is a computational canonicity theorem that validates the computational interpretation: a closed boolean expression must always evaluate to a boolean value, even in the presence of higher-dimensional structure. This provides the first fully computational formulation of higher-dimensional type theory.
Systematic incremental validation of rule-based reactive systems

Validating the specification of a reactive system, such as a telephone switching system, traffic controller, or automated network service, is difficult, primarily because it is extremely hard even to state a complete and correct set of requirements, let alone to prove that a specification satisfies them. A previous paper, R.J. Hall(1993), described a new validation proof technique, sound scenario generalization, which computes and proves a general validation lemma from a specific requirement-scenario and a candidate specification. That paper left open how the user should employ the technique to systematically validate a complete system. This paper describes an approach, based on a novel knowledge structure called a library of generalized scenario fragments, that combines the advantages of traditional software testing and automated theorem proving of specifications, avoiding most of their shortcomings. I also describe preliminary experience with ISAT-VA, a prototype of such an assistant.<<ETX>>
HIV Infection and Cardiovascular Disease in Women

HIV infection is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men. Whether HIV is an independent risk factor for CVD in women has not yet been established.



We analyzed data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study on 2187 women (32% HIV infected [HIV(+)]) who were free of CVD at baseline. Participants were followed from their first clinical encounter on or after April 01, 2003 until a CVD event, death, or the last follow-up date (December 31, 2009). The primary outcome was CVD (acute myocardial infarction [AMI], unstable angina, ischemic stroke, and heart failure). CVD events were defined using clinical data, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, and/or death certificate data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between HIV and incident CVD, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, lipids, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, renal disease, obesity, hepatitis C, and substance use/abuse. Median follow-up time was 6.0 years. Mean age at baseline of HIV(+) and HIV uninfected (HIV(-)) women was 44.0 versus 43.2 years (P<0.05). Median time to CVD event was 3.1 versus 3.7 years (P=0.11). There were 86 incident CVD events (53%, HIV(+)): AMI, 13%; unstable angina, 8%; ischemic stroke, 22%; and heart failure, 57%. Incident CVD/1000 person-years was significantly higher among HIV(+) (13.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=10.1, 18.1) than HIV(-) women (5.3; 95% CI=3.9, 7.3; P<0.001). HIV(+) women had an increased risk of CVD, compared to HIV(-) (hazard ratio=2.8; 95% CI=1.7, 4.6; P<0.001).



HIV is associated with an increased risk of CVD in women.
The Pitt-Westinghouse graduate program

Recognizing that some of the highest types of graduate engineering instruction is to be found in a few of the larger research and industrial organizations, the University of Pittsburgh (Pa.) and the Westinghouse company during the past several years have cooperated in a joint program of graduate study for certain designated employees of the company. Besides being of distinct benefit to the individual employee, this work has had a highly stimulating influence upon the faculty members of the university connected with it, and the results have been most gratifying to the industry.
The Psychology of the Sublime: On the Function of Poetry in Klopstock's Aesthetic Essays

Both the image of Klopstock and his place in literary history have shifted during the last fifty years. Earlier researchers, for example Vietor (132) and Kaiser (107), viewed him primarily as a precursor of Sturm und Drang and Klassik by pointing to his role in the development of a literature oriented on subjectivity, as expressed in the cult of the genius and the poetics of experience (Erlebnislyrik). By contrast, more recent scholars such as Kevin Hilliard (187) and Winfried Menninghaus (308) have depicted Klopstock as a figure standing at the end of the Baroque period and the Humanist tradition, one who is strongly indebted to their tradition of rhetoric. This study will inquire into the justification for these classifications and will point out other lines of influence through which Klopstock can be understood. By using two of his poetic writings, the "Gedanken uber die Natur der Poesie" and his "Von der heiligen Poesie," as well as his essay "Von der Darstellung," one can sketch out his aesthetic position and determine his position within the history of the development of modern German literature. In order to establish Klopstock's literary role, one must begin by defining Klopstock's view of the purpose of literary art, and examining both the anthropological and psychological foundations which underlie this view. Finally, one must consider the means that Klopstock believes are appropriate for achieving his intended goal and the terms in which he describes those means. The emerging conclusion that Klopstock is a transitional figure who stands between the predominant opposing conventions of the early eighteenth century
Giants on deformed backgrounds

We study giant graviton probes in the framework of the three-parameter deformation of the AdS5 × S 5 background. We examine both the case when the brane expands in the deformed ˜ S 5 part of the geometry and the case when it blows up into AdS5. Performing a detailed analysis of small fluctuations around the giants, the configurations turn out to be stable. Our results hold even for the supersymmetric Lunin-Maldacena deformation.
RETIREMENT SAVING AND THE PAYOUT PHASE: HOW TO GET THERE AND HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF IT ∗

In the wake of a dramatic financial crisis and with the first waves of baby boomers approaching retirement we hardly need to think about how best to arrive at the pension funds' payout phase. This paper argues that there is an urgent need to raise retirement saving, to reduce defined contribution plan members' exposure to investment risks and to provide the financial industry with cheap and safe payout instruments. These challenges are also likely to call for a more active government role.
The Experience Factory Approach : Realizing Learning from Experience in Software Development Organizations

We will introduce an infrastructure called Experience Factory that supports organizational learning in software development, i.e. the systematic reuse of all kinds of software knowledge. We are detailing existing software knowledge reuse process models using a knowledge level framework for case-based reasoning, based on an extension of the case-based reasoning cycle of Aamodt and Plaza [AP94]. Currently an experience base, the experience factory subpart where the knowledge is stored, is being built using case-based reasoning focusing on software inspections carried out in industrial software organizations.
The theory of atomic-molecular transformations in condensed phase at low temperatures

The probability of the elementary act of a nonadiabatic chemical reaction in condensed medium at low temperature is calculated. General results are illustrated by the formulas for Debye-type and resonance-type absorption spectra of the medium. For the reactions involving the reorganization of the intramolecular structure of the reactants the limiting cases of both weak and strong coupling of the reactants with the medium are considered.
Evaluating the influence of groundwater pressures on groundwater-dependent wetlands

The chemical and quantitative status of groundwater bodies must be classified as either good or poor to meet the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive. The classification process involves a series of tests, one of which relates to groundwaterdependent terrestrial ecosystems (GWDTEs). The overall aim of this project was to contribute to the development of chemical and quantitative status tests for GWDTEs.
Slaves and Slavery in Ancient Greek Comic Drama: Figures

1.  slaves and slavery in ancient Greek comedy Rob Tordoff 2. Slaves and politics in early Aristophanic comedy S. Douglas Olson 3. Slavery, drama and the alchemy of identity in Aristophanes Susan Lape 4. Slaves in the fragments of old comedy Donald Sells 5. Aristophanes, slaves and history Ben Akrigg 6. A comedy of errors: the comic slave in Greek art Kelly Wrenhaven 7. Menander's slaves: the banality of violence David Konstan 8. Coping with punishment: the social networking of slaves in Menander Cheryl Cox 9. Sex slaves in new comedy C. W. Marshall 10. 'Phlyax' slaves: from vase to stage? Kathryn Bosher 11. Tokens of identity in Menander's Epitrepontes: slaves, citizens and in-betweens Christina Vester.
Building capital plans from sound data.

Mike Kwok, senior vice-president of Professional Services at provider of integrated software and services for facilities asset management, facilities capital planning, and capital spend management, VFA, discusses how healthcare organisations can more effectively plan and prioritise capital improvements, improve asset utilisation, and obtain much-needed funding. While he draws substantially on the company's experience with US healthcare facilities, there are many parallels, he says, in the lessons learned for estates and facilities managers and others responsible for running and maintaining such facilities in the UK.