nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Timely intervention: before it's too hard : an investigation into the effectiveness of off-site intervention programs for students exhibiting behavioural difficulties in mainstream schools

Students who have difficulty conforming to school rules and expected school behavioural norms are at risk of being excluded from their own schools, and possibly from further education. Failure to complete twelve years of schooling 
places the students at a social and economic disadvantage for the rest of their lives. 
Intervention programs attempt to address students’ behavioural and social issues and assist them to maintain their connection with education. This thesis examines 
an intervention program in Melbourne, Australia which is staffed by special education teachers and located away from the home schools of the students. 
Inappropriate student behaviours were identified from a review of the intervention unit’s historical records. These behaviours were then compared and aligned with earlier analyses of difficult behaviours, in particular the categories from the Achenbach Child Behaviour Check List. 
Quantitative analysis methods were used to validate the Behaviour Rating Scale that was developed to measure pre and post intervention behaviour. The Behaviour Rating Scale outcomes were used in conjunction with a Sessional 
Evaluation Measure (SEM) to assess the effectiveness of the off-site intervention program. 
The thesis concludes with a model identifying key elements of effective intervention programs based on both investigations undertaken and the literature reviewed.
Identity Over Time: Objectively, Subjectively

In the philosophy of science, identity over time emerges as a central concern both as an ontological category in the interpretation of physical theories, and as an epistemological problem concerning the conditions of possibility of knowledge. In Reichenbach and subsequent writers on the problem of indistinguishable quantum particles we see the return of a contrast between Leibniz and Aquinas on the subject of individuation. The possibility of rejecting the principle of the identity of indiscernibles has certain logical difficulties, leading us inexorably from ontology into epistemology. For the epistemological problem we attend to the differences that emerged between the (neo-)Kantian and logical empiricist traditions, also saliently displayed in Reichenbach's writings. After examining the contrast between Kant's and Leibniz's conceptions of empirical knowledge, specifically with respect to the irreducibility of spatiotemporal determinations, we explore an application of a neo-Kantian view to the same problem of indistinguishable quantum particles.
Hou Renzhi and the research of desert historical geography

As the pioneer of the whole new science field research on desert historical geography,Professor Hou Renzhi conducted many surveys into desert areas.Based on the investigations,he made systematic research on the historical changes of the geographical environment and its evolution laws,and has achieved remarkable academic achievements on the theoretical accomplishment and practical exploration.His works not only reveal the influences of human activities on the geographical environment and its evolution law in desert areas,but also provide an important scientific basis and historical reference for the national sand-control,the production development and the economic construction in desert areas of northwest China.His academic thoughts and significant achievements deserve our reverence,inheritance and emulation.The first part of the paper mainly elucidates the process of desert investigation.Part 2 elaborates his theoretical achievements on historical geography of desert.Part 3 is a specific introduction to his practical results.The conclusion of Hou's research in this field is drawn in the last part.
Catholic Social Teaching on the Economics of Immigration

Catholic social teaching and the economics literature take very different approaches to immigration policy. This article is both a rereading of the economics of immigration in light of Catholic social teaching, and a rereading of Catholic social teaching on immigration in light of the economics literature. Catholic social teaching provides a normative framework for immigration policy that is strikingly different from the secular framework within which economics currently operates. For example, the Catholic assertion that migration is a right contrasts sharply with the direction of economics research, which assumes the right of the state to curtail immigration. For its part, the economics literature suggests a new set of pressing questions for Catholic social teaching. Economics raises important questions about policies proposed by Catholic social teaching, and offers a subtler understanding of the effects of immigration in a economy with few barriers to capital, labor, and goods flows.
Flann O'brien's Anti-esotericism:The Third Policeman and The Dalkey Archive

The (pseudo-)theological and (pseudo-)scientific imagery in Flann O'Brien's ‘The Third Policeman’ and ‘The Dalkey Archive’ has been the subject of extensive research in the past. However, these novels also exhibit an abundance of anti-esoteric traits which have not yet been adequately analyzed. This article shows that these novels are in fact steeped – both in form and in plot – in motifs and ideas often used in esoteric discourse. At the same time, the analysis demonstrates how O'Brien's novels, in their venomous satire, partake in what Wouter J. Hanegraaff has termed the anti-esoteric ‘Grand Polemical Narrative’. Finally, the analysis demonstrates how O'Brien creates an esoteric writing style of its own kind, thus proving correct those recent critics who have agreed that definitions of esotericism are non-essentialist constructions which enable critics to apply these terms in a specific historical context: ‘Nothing ‘is’ esoteric unless it is construed as such by somebody for some reason’ (Hanegraaff, 20...
Shaping the Future: The Dialectic of Law and Environmental Values

IN TRO D U CTIO N ................................................................................................ 234 I. THE LAW -VALUE DIALECTIC .............................................................. 235 A . The Im portance of Values ............................................................. 236 B. The Continuing Importance of Law ............................................. 239 C. Law and Dynam ic Values ............................................................ 241 II. V ALUE D EVELOPM ENT ........................................................................ 241 A. Development of General Moral Capacity ..................................... 242 B. Development of Environmental Values ....................................... 244 1. Direct Environmental Values and Affection for N atu re ................................................................................... 244 2. Indirect Environmental Values ......................................... 249 III.  BUILDING A SENSE OF INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY AND RESPONSIBILITY ......................................................... 253 IV. LESSONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ............................................ 256 A . Provide  263 D. Use M arket Strategies with Care ................................................. 265 C O N CLU SIO N ................................................................................................... 267
Representation of ideals of relational structures

The \textit{age} of a relational structure $\mathfrak A$ of signature $\mu$ is the set $age(\mathfrak A)$ of its finite induced substructures, considered up to isomorphism. This is an ideal in the poset $\Omega_\mu$ consisting of finite structures of signature $\mu$ and ordered by embeddability. If the structures are made of infinitely many relations and if, among those, infinitely many are at least binary then there are ideals which do not come from an age. We provide many examples. We particularly look at metric spaces and offer several problems. We also provide an example of an ideal $I$ of isomorphism types of at most countable structures whose signature consists of a single ternary relation symbol. This ideal does not come from the set $\age_{\mathfrak I}(\mathfrak A)$ of isomorphism types of substructures of $\mathfrak A$ induced on the members of an ideal $\mathfrak I$ of sets. This answers a question due to R. Cusin and J.F. Pabion (1970).
Dirac equation in the confining SU(3)-Yang-Mills field and relativistic effects in charmonium spectrum

The recently obtained solutions of the Dirac equation in the confining SU(3)-Yang-Mills field in Minkowski spacetime are applied to describe the energy spectrum of charmonium. The nonrelativistic limit is considered for the relativistic effects to be estimated in a self-consistent way and it is shown that the given effects could be extremely important for both the energy spectrum and the confinement mechanism.
A simple proof of Xia's proposition

This paper studies a spectral property of a k-tuple of hyponormal operators T = (T1, ..., Tn) with compact self commutators.  This research is partially supported by Grant-in-Aid Research No. 17540176. This research is partially supported by Grant-in-Aid Research No. 17740086. 2080 M. Chō, T. Huruya and M. Seto
Professional satisfaction of physicians.

Nineteen physicians were interviewed to identify how they defined and solved the problems facing their profession. Problems cited by the physicians included loss of control over medical decisions, loss of control of the referral process, the threat of malpractice suits, ethical issues facing health maintenance organization physicians, and reduction of income. The attitudes and problem-solving approaches of physicians who remained satisfied with their profession are presented and compared with those of physicians who are essentially dissatisfied with the practice of medicine. Among satisfied physicians, happiness in medicine was attributed more to attitudinal adjustments than to success at the "business of medicine."
Christian Morality: The Word Becomes Flesh

In this third collection of his essays on Christian ethics, Josef Fuchs takes up a number of pressing questions both in fundamental and applied ethics. Several essays explore the biblical basis for establishing Christian norms and principles for ethical decision-making. These deal in detail with the nature of human conscience and the effect on it fo religious values in a pluralistic culture. The author also deals with current and pressing issues of a Christian moral life: continuity and change in moral teaching as exemplified by the debate over religious freedom; pluralism in the understanding of Christian marriage as early as the twelfth century; bioethical problems dealing with the beginning and end of human life; and the general question, is there a "Catholic" ethical moral theology?
The background of rocks mechanics of karst collapse column in Shanxi

According to investigation for rockmass collapsing structure and strata controlling of the karst collapse column in Shanxi, it is proposed that the most important for karst growing up and columns collapsing is the tectonic joints and sliding fracture along gypsum zone in mid Ordovician series. Moreover, the formation of the collapse column in Shanxi results from water dynamic condition in rift geomorphic process and rockmasss lateral unburdening.
Skills, credentials and their unequal reward in a heterogeneous global political economy

The article further investigates the relationship between returns to education and trade openness in developed and developing countries. It contests Babones’ interpretation of the divergent experiences in terms of the greater credentialism associated with education in poorer countries. It identifies an alternative explanation based on classical trade theory which is at least as convincing. However, it further argues that the heterogeneity of labour markets is greater than either model suggests and that the characteristics of specific national and regional economies, rather than globalization, might be primarily responsible for the interesting statistical differences.
A novel way to quantitatively determine the mechanical properties of thin films from the initial-grown surface by nanoindentation

A novel way was derived in this work to quantitatively determine the mechanical properties of thin films grown on silicon substrates from the initial-grown surface using nanoindentation. The as-deposited surface of the films was firstly glued to steel and subsequently, the silicon substrate was etched away in a hot potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. Steel served as supporting material after the removal of the substrate. This procedure enables the exposure of the initial-grown surface of the film with a surface roughness close to the one of the silicon substrate (around 1 nm), which typically is significantly lower than the as-deposited surface (usually 20 to 30 nm). Carrying out indents on the initial-grown side allows us to acquire reliable results by avoiding any artifact due to surface roughness. Measurements were performed on nanocrystalline SiC and diamond films to confirm the validity of this method. Finally, a 13 μm thick diamond/SiC composite film composed of nanocrystalline SiC and nanocrystalline diamond was prepared and characterized by applying this method. The composite film exhibits a hardness of 49.8 ± 2.1 GPa, an elastic modulus of 598 ± 25 GPa, which is directly comparable to the value gained by the surface acoustic wave (SAW) method. Moreover, the hardness and elastic modulus of the composite film both accord well with the values predicted from the mechanical properties of the individual phases. Therefore, mechanical property determination from initial-grown surface is a promising approach for a variety of hard brittle thin film systems with high surface roughness.
Liberating Economics: Feminist Perspectives on Families, Work, and Globalization

"Liberating Economics" draws on central concepts from women's studies scholarship to construct a feminist understanding of the economic roles of families, caring labor, motherhood, paid and unpaid labor, poverty, the feminization of labor, and the consequences of globalization. Barker and Feiner consistently recognize the importance of social location -- gender, race, class, sexual identity, and nationality -- in economic processes shaping the home, paid employment, market relations, and the global economy. Throughout they connect women's economic status in the industrialized nations to the economic circumstances surrounding women in the global South. Rooted in the two disciplines, this book draws on the rich tradition of interdisciplinary work in feminist social science scholarship to construct a parallel between the notions that the "personal is political" and "the personal is economic. Barker is Professor of Economics and Women's Studies, Hollins University.Susan F. Feiner is Associate Professor of Economics and Women's Studies, University of Southern Maine.
Mach's Principle Could Save the Gravitons

The requirement of the Mach-Einstein doctrine according to which reference systems are uniquely determined by gravity implies that gravity is not only described by the ten components of the metrical tensor gik of Riemannian space-time, but by all 16 components of the reference tetrads hi A (where g h h ik i A Ak = ). Therefore, accepting this requirement one is automatically led to gravitational equations of EinsteinMayer type (Einstein and Mayer 1931) specifying Riemannian apace-times with teleparallelism. Up to special-relativistic global Lorentz transformations, the teleparallelism realizes a uniquely determined physical reference system. Hence, the gravitational fields have localized energy-momentum components, and the gravitational waves correspond to numerable gravitons. Further, the Einstein-Mayer equations imply also the appearance of “wattless” fields acting as hidden-matter fields. It is just the existence of this hidden matter that breaks the local Lorentz symmetry of the GRT and determines the reference system. The hidden matter of the astrophysicists and the measurable gravitons of quantum gravity have the same origin, namely the teleparallelism of the space-time which is a consequence of the validity of Mach’s principle.
Managing engineers for success

To be successful as a manager of engineers, there are three parties that should benefit: Employer, Engineer, and the Manager. Without all three, long term success may not be assured. While the advice given in this paper could apply to managing a wide range of personnel, the focus will be placed on engineering personnel. The authors have spent most of their career working in electromagnetic compatibility positions that include: EMC Test Engineer, EMC Design Engineer, Lead Engineer and Laboratory Manager Roles. Over 25 combined years spent managing technicians and engineers. Much of what is covered in this paper is lessons learned from working for various managers and our own success and failures as managers.
A Systematic Methodology for Optimization of Applications Utilizing Concurrent Data Structures

Modern multicore embedded systems often execute applications that rely heavily on concurrent data structures. The selection of efficient concurrent data structure implementations for a specific application is usually a complex and time consuming task, because each design decision often affects the performance and the energy consumption of the embedded system in various and occasionally unpredictable ways. The complexity is normally addressed by developers by adopting ad-hoc design solutions, which are often suboptimal and yield poor results. To face this problem, we propose a semi-automated methodology for the optimization of applications that utilize concurrent data structures that is based on design space exploration. The proposed approach is evaluated by using both microbenchmarks and real-world applications that are executed on multicore embedded systems with different architectural specifications. Our results show that we can identify various trade-offs between different data structure implementations that can be used to optimize applications that rely on concurrent data structures.
A Clandestine Notebook (1678-1679) on Spinoza, Beverland, Politics, the Bible and Sex

In the years 1678-1679 an Utrecht freethinker scribbled daring remarks in an unsightly jotter. His interests included sex, politics, religion and philosophy. It takes only a quick glance to see that he felt drawn towards all things radical - Spinoza figures prominently in his notebook, but even more so Adrianus Beverland, a notorious libertine known for his eroticism. Our author - as yet unidentified - was well-informed about political affairs, both local, national and international. He appears to have been connected with the well-to-do and the well-educated in Utrecht and beyond. His jottings broached any subject, as long as it was novel, exciting or juicy. Much seems to be taken down spontaneously, as gossip or alehouse bravado. The notebook, now kept in Utrecht University Library (ms. 1284) and published here for the first time, offers a rare insight into the uncensored fascinations of a member of the Dutch elite in a period in which society and ideas underwent drastic change.
HyperPro - An integrated documentation environment for CLP

The purpose of this paper is to present some functionalities of the HyperPro System. HyperPro is a hypertext tool which allows to develop Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) together with their documentation. The text editing part is not new and is based on the free software Thot. A HyperPro program is a Thot document written in a report style. The tool is designed for CLP but it can be adapted to other programming paradigms as well. Thot offers navigation and editing facilities and synchronized static document views. HyperPro has new functionalities such as document exportations, dynamic views (projections), indexes and version management. Projection is a mechanism for extracting and exporting relevant pieces of code program or of document according to specific criteria. Indexes are useful to find the references and occurrences of a relation in a document, i.e., where its predicate definition is found and where a relation is used in other programs or document versions and, to translate hyper-texts links into paper references. It still lack importation facilities.
Putting knowledge in its place: science, colonialism, and the postcolonial

This special issue of Postcolonial Studies is divided into two parts. In the first, three leading scholars of postcolonial science studies*a philosopher, an anthropologist, and an historian (although each wears several hats)*have been asked to contribute short, programmatic essays on a theme of their choosing, focusing less on providing a ‘state of the field’ and more on directions for future research and analysis. In the second part, three historians have offered papers on topics of particular current interest: the history of cartography and colonialism; botany and empire; and the history of method outside Europe. In the essay below, I offer an overview of secondary scholarship on, in turn, colonialism and science, and postcolonial technoscience, before turning to a discussion of the articles making up the issue. The idea that science and technology were among the gifts that Western imperial powers brought to their colonies was an integral part of the discourse of the ‘civilizing mission,’ one vaunted by both proponents and critics of the methods of colonialism. 1 ‘The political unity of India, more consolidated, and extending further than it ever did under the Great Moguls,’ wrote Karl Marx in 1853, ‘was the first condition of its regeneration. That unity, imposed by the British sword, will now be strengthened and perpetuated by the electric telegraph.’ The fruits of science, that is, could achieve by peaceful means what had previously only been possible through violence. Elites within colonized nations, while rejecting the notion that science was imported from the West, often shared such sentiments about science’s positive and transformative powers, speaking a ‘language of modernity’ that*however uneasily*allied them with imperialist officials. 2 Decolonization movements, however, quickly began to call into question any vision of science as a positive enterprise that merely accompanied*and did not aid or support*a rapacious colonialism. In 1959, Frantz Fanon’s essay on ‘Medicine and Colonialism’ made clear to French audiences that the complicity of doctors with state-sanctioned barbarism was not limited to the National Socialist atrocities punished in the Nuremberg trials a dozen years earlier. Medical officials and psychologists played an integral role in the oppressive and interrogative practices of ‘a dying colonialism.’ 3 Soon thereafter, Phillip Curtin’s works on European ‘images’ of Africa described the medical breakthroughs, particularly with regard to quinine prophylaxis, that had made possible the wide-spread colonisation of the continent’s interior. 4 Medicine, in Daniel Headrick’s later terminology, was one of the ISSN 1368-8790 print/ISSN 1466-1888 online/09/040373 The Institute of Postcolonial Studies
"Black Independent Film," Reflexive Reception, and a Blues Cinema Sublime

This essay considers the term black independent film along with critical rhetoric that relies on the blues to analyze and celebrate the authenticity or blackness of its aesthetics. Early twentieth-century debates on the relationship of art and cultural identity among Harlem Renaissance writers as well as discussions of film reception and genre by Ralph Ellison, Clyde Taylor, and James Snead inform the discussion. Ultimately, both the ambitions of Julie Dash’s thesis film Illusions and the pessimism of Spike Lee’s Bamboozled figure into the idea of an imperfect blues cinema sublime.