nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Office automation: The science that supports it (Panel Discussion)

Many discoveries and developments in science and technology over the last few years have made office automation possible. National productivity and well being depend upon technology transfer, and this requires people who combine an appreciation of industrial and social needs with a knowledge of discoveries that can help.
 The design and evolution of equipment, materials and systems architecture used in office automation are supported by many disciplines - the traditional branches of physical science and engineering, mathematics and human factors, computer science and other subjects too.
 In this session, the panel members will explain in popular terms some of the scientific advances used in office automation and related activities.
Correspondence to Reality in Ethics

This paper examines the view of ethical language that Wittgenstein took in later years. It argues that according to this view, ethics falls into place as a part of our natural history, while every sense of the mystical or supernatural that once surrounded it is irrevocably lost. Moreover, Wittgenstein argues that ethical language does not correspond to reality “in the way” in which a physical theory does. I propose an interpretation of this claim that shows how it sets his view apart from a “realist” theory of ethics. The reality of which he speaks is the reality of human life.
Cartographic images of Slovenia through time

The territory of Slovenia appears on Europe’s oldest maps. Slovenia’s location at the junction of different natural and geographical units and various political formations influenced its traffic and border situation. As a result, for many centuries the territory of Slovenia appeared inaccurately on maps and as part of foreign national units. With the development of cartographical skills and the recognition of cartography in our area in the 16th century and especially from the 17th century on, Slovene territory was depicted equally on maps of the times through the efforts of Slovene and foreign individuals. At first, maps of individual Slovene regions dominated, but from the middle of the 19th century there are more frequent depictions of the entire Slovene territory. Cartographical work thus also became a means of expressing national demands and hopes.
A new methodology to teach electrical engineering using product development projects

Nowadays, it is necessary to change the way engineering is being taught to increase not only students interest in the classroom, but also the enrolment of new students in engineering courses. This paper describes how a new methodology to teach engineering using product development projects is been adapted, from previous positive results in two laboratories, to be used in the classroom. An example of this methodology describing the design of a Robotic Musical Instrument is given. It is expected that, by using this methodology, a more interactive and motivational environment can be created, where students could not only acquire knowledge, competences and skills, but would also experience an integrated and coherent view of the engineering process.
Controls on the formation of the Magdala gold deposit at Stawell, Western Victoria, Australia

The Stawell goldfield lies within a reworked portion of the Delamerian Fold Belt in western Victoria and has a structural complexity and a gold-lode style that is markedly different from similar ca 440 Ma aged deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt such as Bendigo or Ballarat. Comparisons with these other turbidite-hosted gold deposits in Victoria suggest four major differences: (1) presence of a tholeiitic basaltic pile; (2) ductile deformation (D1-4) over at least 60 million years prior to gold mineralisation; (3) a preferential and localised reactivation of pre-existing structures within a progressively rotating stress field and (4) highly evolved hydrothermal alteration. Of these differences a key element has been the nature of the basaltic pile, which may have promoted alteration of onlapping sedimentary rocks, thereby creating a basis from which a high sulphur turbidite-hosted orogenic gold deposit was formed.
The marine genome: structure, regulation and evolution.

S. Asai , A. Ianora , C. Lauritano , P.K. Lindeque and Y. Carotenuto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Editor-in-Chief: Frank Oliver Glöckner (Abstracted/Indexed in: A.G.I.’s Bibliography and Index of Geology; Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts; Bulletin Signalétique, Chemical Abstracts, Current
Onward! Panel Welcome

Welcome to Onward! 2010. This year, we are delighted to bring you another environmentally focused Panel called " Software for a Sustainable World. " Last year at Onward we heard a panel discuss " Why is Software not yet Green? " This year, the Onward Green Panel will focus on Software Systems that support sustainability – e.g. Systems that helps us reduce energy consumption, or manages energy output, or gives us better data on consumption. We will explore how Smart Grids can impact us, how we can make saving energy easier and less intrusive, and other tools for large enterprise business or the home consumer. Perhaps, " software is not yet green " , but we can create software to produce a more sustainable future. We look forward to seeing you at the Panel for this very important and timely discussion.
Financialization across the Pacific: Manufacturing cost ratios, supply chains and power

This article argues that thirty years ago favourable cost conditions helped build productive power in Asia, whereas now US financial power drives and benefits from low labour costs in China, using the very different supply chain positions of Apple Inc. and Foxconn International Holdings (FIH) as examples. In the first section, the authors bring together the literatures on financialization and global supply chains to contextualise the pressures and outcomes discussed. A temporal dimension is added in section 2, using macro evidence on labour costs to compare new entrants into the industrial world order since the 1970s. The article then presents company illustrations in sections 3 and 4, deconstructing Apple's financial success and its trans-Pacific relations with its handset supplier FIH. The article concludes by observing that the rise of the post-national corporate player changes the alignment between large corporate interests and the US economy where Apple hoards its cash surplus and the success for the stockholders does not align with the broader needs of the US economy and society.
Georeferencing socio-demographic information: postcodes, addresses, land parcels and geographical information systems

The collection and dissemination of population related data requires that all database records are georeferenced. First we consider household residential populations in Great Britain before noting some differences in Northern Ireland and for institutional populations. We then outline the situation for mobility, both migration and commuting and in relation to the latter, place of work. Ultimately, all these circumstances are geographically inter-related so should be considered as part of a whole statistical system.
Vacuum carburizing of chromium-nickel steel

The main features of formation of diffusion layers due to vacuum carburizing of chromium-nickel steel 20Kh2N4A in an acetylene medium are considered. Analysis of the structure of the saturated surface and of the results of carburizing is used to show that the diffusion layer is formed under a thin layer of condensed carbon in a kinetic regime the intensity of which is determined by the structure of the carbon layer and by the rate of its dissolution.
The Development of a Land Market? Insights from Côte d’Ivoire

This paper contributes to the debate on rural land sales in Africa. First, it shows that the emergence of sales in the forested area of Cote d'Ivoire corresponds to an "imperfect" land commoditization, due to the social embedding of land transfers in the autochthon-migrant relationship. Then, it analyzes land sales in a former no-man's land, outside this relationship, where the transactions correspond to complete sales. However, a diachronic analysis reveals an "involution" in the market, related to the transformation of the pioneer's individual private right into a family right, once the land is inherited, highlighting therefore another social dimension of land markets.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM KUWAIT

An increasing number of recent corporate scandals and failures worldwide give rise to interest in the corporate governance structure in the performance of companies. This study investigates the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and performance of 66 non-financial companies listed on the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE) during the years 2004-2007. The findings of this study show that corporate governance characteristics such as board size, role duality, and less concentrated share ownership were positively associated with market performance, whereas only board size and role duality were positively related to accounting performance. The result is robust with respect to controls for company size, leverage, and industry.
Slow dynamics in glasses

SummaryWe will review some of the theoretical progresses that have been recently done in the study of slow dynamics of glassy systems: the general techniques used for studying the dynamics in the mean-field approximation and the emergence of a pure dynamical transition in some of these systems. We show how the results obtained for a random Hamiltonian may be also applied to a given Hamiltonian. These two results open the way to a better understanding of the glassy transition in real systems.
Governance of network organisations from the building owner’s perspective

A growing number of building owner organisations are experimenting with the new network way of organising their businesses. The literature on construction and facilities management provides little information on the dimensions and characteristics of business networks and network organisations. This article studies the management trends that affect governance network organisations from the building owner’s perspective. Building owners’ organisational networks are analysed by means of a comparison of general network management literature, literature on construction and facilities management and prevailing case experiences in a Finnish building owner organisation. The article compares general independent variables of network organisation governance, such as client centrality, self-governance, flexibility, specialisation, virtuality, joint objectives, and joint marketing to building owner organisation network management trends, which are discussed in order to increase knowledge of the changing business environment.
Northern Ireland: Macro Political Developments

Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, has an area of 13,483 square kilometres (5,269 square miles), covering six of the nine counties which make up the Province of Ulster,10 and a population of 1,648,960 at June 1995 (Department of Finance & Personnel & H. M. Treasury, 1997). This compares with 3,503,000 living in the Republic of Ireland. Based on census data collated in 1991, 42.1per cent of the population is Catholic and 57.9per cent non-Catholic (Jardine, 1994). Most of the population live in the east of the Province, including about 490,000 in the urban area around the capital city Belfast.
Raymond Pettibon: Plots Laid Thick

This is a volume on the work of the American artist Raymond Pettibon, an artist's book structured according to an idea by Pettibon himself, with his own drawings and writings, and including unpublished movie scripts and plays. At the end of the 1970s Pettibon finished his studies in economy, although he'd already lost interest by then in a career in that profession. After publishing various political vignettes in his university magazine, Pettibon was adopted by the punk movement in South Bay, Los Angeles. Some punk bands decided to use his drawings, accompanied by text, for their record sleeves, posters and handouts.
Properties of yttrium-doped barium titanate ceramics with positive temperature coefficient of resistivity and a novel method to evaluate the depletion layer width

Yttrium-doped barium titanate ceramics with positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) are prepared by the sol-gel technique. The gel powder shows a size distribution around 0.18 µm with a tetragonal BaTiO 3 phase identified. The Ba 1-x Y x TiO 3 ceramics are sintered in a reducing atmosphere and oxidized in air. The grain size of the ceramics grows from 1.3 to 1.6 µm when Y-doping amount increases from 1.0% to 2.8%. The electrical properties of room temperature resistivity, PTCR jump and impedance spectroscopy are studied. A novel mathematical method is proposed to evaluate the depletion layer width of the BaTiO 3 ceramics based on the dependence of room temperature resistivity on the donor density. The widths of depletion layer of 185 nm are evaluated for the Ba 1-x Y x TiO 3 ceramics sintered at 1150 °C. The donor energy level and Fermi level are found to be essential factors that determine the width of depletion layer.
Surface Properties Measurement

In the past few decades, significant efforts were directed toward development of surface engineering approaches for the economical processing of materials with enhanced appearance, improved performance/extended life in aggressive environment, and wider range of applicability. As a result, the number of surface engineered materials being used for varied applications has increased rapidly emphasizing the need for better means for the characterization of the surface properties of such materials. With the recent progress in surface characterization techniques, it is now possible to measure a range of surface properties (topography, microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrochemical behavior) at various length scales. In this chapter, surface properties of materials, their measurements methods, and various available standards for a broad range of materials are summarized. The topics presented in this chapter will be useful to materials engineers, quality engineers, and scientists working on characterization/measurement of surface properties. 
 
 
 
 
composition; 
corrosion; 
friction; 
hardness; 
microstructure; 
phase; 
surface; 
texture; 
toughness; 
wear
Clinical Engineering in France : state and trends for the future

The French Association of Clinical Engineers has been asked several times by Governmental Services and/or Educational Organizations to set out the present and future role of clinical engineers in French hospitals, which are themselves in the process of changing their organization and financing system. This paper describes the main features of the profession and its present position in France, notably from a survey ran in 2006, and attempts to draw some lines about its possible evolution, driven by general trends of the technology, the French society and hospitals organization.
The Hennessy-Milner equivalence for continuous time stochastic logic with mu-operator

A continuous stochastic logic with a μ -operator μ CSL is defined, and an interpretation through stochastic relations is proposed. We investigate morphisms for models of μ CSL , showing that the associated congruences can be used for an investigation of bisimilarity. The Hennessy–Milner equivalence for μ CSL is discussed, and it is shown that models are equivalent iff they are bisimilar, using a general criterion for bisimilarity from the theory of stochastic relations.
ΔI = rule from staggered fermions.

We present our latest results for the Δ I = 1 2 rule, obtained on quenched ensembles with β = 6.0 and 6.2, and a set of N f = 2 configurations with β = 5.7. The statistical noise is quite under control. We observe an enhancement of the Δ I = 1 2 amplitude consistent with experiment, although the systematic errors are still large. We also present a non-perturbative determination of Z P , Z S and the strange quark mass. We briefly discuss our progress in calculating e′/e.
The Enlightenment: A Genealogy

What was the Enlightenment? Though many scholars have attempted to solve this riddle, none has made as much use of contemporary answers as Dan Edelstein does here. In seeking to recover where, when, and how the concept of 'the Enlightenment' first emerged, Edelstein departs from genealogies that trace it back to political and philosophical developments in England and the Dutch Republic. According to Edelstein, by the 1720s scholars and authors in France were already employing a constellation of terms - such as l'esprit philosophique - to describe what we would today call the Enlightenment. But Edelstein argues that it was within the French Academies, and in the context of the "Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns", that the key definition, concepts, and historical narratives of the Enlightenment were crafted. A necessary corrective to many of our contemporary ideas about the Enlightenment, Edelstein's book turns conventional thinking about the period on its head. Concise, clear, and contrarian, "The Enlightenment" will be welcomed by all teachers and students of the period.
Ion participation in protein adsorption at solid surfaces

The participation of low-molecular-weight ions in the protein adsorption process is studied by comparing the electrokinetic charges σ ek of the dissolved protein molecule and the uncovered sorbent surface on the one hand and the sorbent/protein complex on the other. For the adsorption of human plasma albumin on haematite a linear relationship has been established between the ion transfer per unit area of sorbent and the degree of coverage of the sorbent by the protein. This suggests a conformation/orientation of the adsorbed albumin molecule that is insensitive to the degree of coverage. The same analysis has been carried out for albumin and ribonuclease at polystyrene surfaces, but only under conditions of plateau adsorption. It appears that ions are transferred between the solution and the adsorbed layer to compensate for the charge contrast between the dissolved protein molecule and the bare sorbent surface. Based on a model analysis for the adsorption of albumin and ribonuclease on negatively-charged polystyrene surfaces, it is predicted that cations are incorporated into the protein—sorbent contact region. Experimental results are in qualitative agreement with this prediction. The reason for the uptake of ions in the compact protein layer is to prevent an accumulation of net charge in the inner region of this low-dielectric layer which, in turn, would lead to energetically unfavourable high electrostatic potentials.
Management System for OWL Documents in Distributed Environment on the Semantic Web

In the current Web, it is not possible to manage information resources manually and intelligently. And most users prefer more accurate information. To overcome these limitations of the current Web, the semantic Web was conceived. Unlike the current Web, in the semantic Web, metadata and ontology play important roles for advanced information retrieval systems. For describing semantics and reasoning about information resources on the Web, RDF, RDF Schema and OWL are proposed by W3C. OWL has rich expressive power and is considered as the next standard language for describing metadata and ontology. The related information resources are placed in distributed systems on the Web. So, for providing seamless services without the awareness of far distance, efficient management of the distributed information resources is required. And to be provided with richer query results, people need to acquire related information through integrating the distributed ontologies. Among languages for describing metadata and ontology, only OWL can support dispersibility of Web. In this paper, first we classify features of OWL for supporting distributed environment on the Web and propose strategies for united query processing of the distributed ontologies. Secondly, we suggest methods of storing ontologies according to the proposed strategies. Finally, we propose an indexing method to improve query answering performance.
Synthesis of poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene) microparticles with abundant amino and imino groups as strong adsorbers for heavy metal ions

AbstractPoly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene) microparticles with abundant reactive amino and imino groups on their surface were synthesized by one-step oxidative polymerization of 1,5-diaminonaphthalene using ammonium persulfate as the oxidant. The molecular, supramolecular, and morphological structures of the microparticles were systematically characterized by IR and UV-vis spectroscopies, elementary analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The microparticles demonstrate electrical semiconductivity and high resistance to strong acid and alkali, and strong adsorption capability for lead(II), mercury(II), and silver(I) ions. The experimental conditions for adsorption of Pb(II) were optimized by varying the persulfate/monomer ratio, adsorption time, sorbent concentration, and pH value of the Pb(II) solution. The maximum adsorption capacity is 241 mg·g−1 for particles after a 24 h-exposure to a solution at an initial Pb(II) concentration of 29 mM. The adsorption data fit a Langmuir isotherm and follow a pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. This indicates a chemical adsorption that is typical for a chelation interaction between Pb(II) and amino/imino groups on the sorbent.
 Graphical abstractPoly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene) microparticles with abundant functional amino and imino groups have been synthesized by one-step direct polymerization of non-volatile 1,5-diaminonaphthalene in aqueous medium for sustainable preparation of high-performance adsorbents to strongly adsorb lead(II), mercury(II), and silver(I) ions.
A Delphi study to identify indicators of poorly managed pain for pediatric postoperative and procedural pain.

Adverse health care events are injuries occurring as a result of patient care. Significant acute pain is often caused by medical and surgical procedures in children, and it has been argued that undermanaged pain should be considered to be an adverse event. Indicators are often used to identify other potential adverse events. There are currently no validated indicators for undertreated pediatric pain.



To develop a preliminary list of indicators of undermanaged pain in hospitalized pediatric patients.



The Delphi technique was used to survey experts in pediatric pain management and quality improvement. The first round used an electronic questionnaire to ask: "In your opinion, what indicators would signify that acute pain in a child has not been adequately controlled?" Responses were grouped together in semantically similar themes, providing a list of possible adverse event indicators. Using this list, an electronic questionnaire was developed for round 2 asking respondents to indicate the importance of each potential indicator.



All but one indicator achieved a level of consensus ≥70%. Separate indicators emerged for postoperative and procedural pain. An additional distinction was made between indicators that could be identified by chart review and those requiring observation of practice and assessment from the child or parent.



The adverse care indicators developed in the present study require further refinement. There is a need to test their clinical usability and to determine whether these indicators actually identify undermanaged pain in clinical practice. The present study is an important first step in identifying undermanaged pain in hospital and treating it as an adverse event.



The adverse care indicators developed in the present study are the first step in conceptualizing mismanaged pain as an adverse event.