nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Network actors' participation in B2B SME branding

This study explores how network actors participate in branding in the context of SMEs operating in business markets. Branding is conventionally seen as an internally governed process and its exposure to external influences has been generally overlooked. By using narrative interviews this study analyzes the branding actions of network actors which impact on an SME's brand image. This article shows that social and business network relationships influence the SME's brand image, as does the nature of the company's internal branding decisions and identity. The findings propose and define the concept of a branding pool, expanding the focus of branding beyond the boundaries of an individual organization into the context of nets. An SME cannot manage its branding pool, but it can mobilize stakeholders in branding to improve the brand performance in the market.
Duality on combinatorial structures. An application to cooperative games

AbstractThis paper deals with cooperative games in which only certain coalitions are feasible. Several combinatorial structures have been used to represent feasible coalition systems for different situations: poset of ideals, connected sets in graphs, convex geometries or antimatroids. Augmenting systems are combinatorial structures generalizing antimatroids defined in the framework of the game theory. In this paper, we introduced decreasing systems as dual structures of the augmenting systems. We connect the classical concept of dual game with the duality between these structures. The Shapley and the Banzhaf values are studied and compared for augmenting and decreasing systems.
Oxidation of Ethyl -2-Chloropropionate by Potassium permanganate in acidicMedia : A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study

The kinetic of oxidation of Ethyl 2 cholopropionate by potassium permagnate has been studied in the presence of acidic medium. The reaction is first order with respect to ester concentration. The reaction rate has been determined at different temperature and different thermodynamic parameters have been calculated which shows with increase in temperature reaction rate increases. With increase in the concentration of acid the reaction rate increase. A suitable mechanism has been proposed
The $\Upsilon -> X \gamma$ photon spectrum in the soft-energy region

The dominant contribution of the next-to-leading order perturbative QCD corrections to the Upsilon -> X gamma photon energy spectrum for photon energies w ~ m_b alpha_s can be obtained trivially from the knowledge of the corresponding O(alpha) correction to the positronium decay spectrum in the same region. The latter can be obtained from the NRQED computation of the orthopositronium photon spectrum, or by applying the threshold expansion to the 1-loop QED amplitude, as it is explained in this talk.
基于AAO模板的TiO 2 微纳结构及其光电特性

Micro-structure of titanium dioxide(TiO2) layers were prepared by RF sputtering and Sol-gel on conductive glass FTO and porous alumina(AAO).The results show that there are great differences in the two kinds of TiO2.XRD diffraction and Raman scattering spectra illustrate that the crystal structure of TiO2prepared by RF sputtering and Sol-gel are different after being calcinated at500 ℃.On the conductive glass FTO,the TiO2particles prepared by RF are distributed evenly and no cluster phenomenon,but the TiO2prepared by sol-gel consist of small particle.On AAO templet,TiO2sol particles are easy to flow in the hole due to the liquidity colloidal solution,which is contrary with the simple prepared by RF.The photocurrent experiment results show that the TiO2prapered by sol-gel have better photocurrent performance.
Hybrid checking for microarchitectural validation of microprocessor designs on acceleration platforms

Software-based simulation provides a convenient environment for microprocessor design validation, where a number of complex software checkers are integrated with the simulated design to identify discrepancies between design and specification. Unfortunately, the performance of software-based simulation is vastly inadequate to achieve sufficient coverage for large microprocessor designs with complex microarchitectures. Hence, acceleration and emulation platforms are heavily deployed in the industry for high-performance validation. However, software checkers cannot be directly incorporated into such platforms, forcing designers to craft ad-hoc solutions. Adapting checking solutions for software simulation to acceleration platforms presents the following constraints: i) only a limited number of signals can be monitored per cycle for checking purposes so as to retain acceptable simulation performance, and ii) the overhead of the added checking logic must be minimal.
 In this work, we explore a novel solution to adapt software-based checkers for individual microarchitectural blocks to acceleration platforms, by leveraging a hybrid approach. Our solution exploits embedded logic and data tracing for post-simulation checking in a synergistic fashion to limit the associated overhead. Embedded logic can be used for synthesized local checkers as well as to compress the traced data and thus limit recording overhead. We analyze several trade-offs associated with checking accuracy and logic/recording overhead for different microarchitectural blocks of an out-of-order superscalar processor design. We strive to provide valuable insights on how to adapt such software checkers to the acceleration environment using our hybrid approach. We find that, by leveraging simple embedded checkers and data compressors (15-25% logic overhead), we can achieve excellent checking accuracy even when aggressively compressing the data for transfer (only 15-25 bits/cycle), and localize bugs up to 5,900 cycles sooner than an architectural-level checker.
Linear Logic Properly Displayed

We introduce proper display calculi for intuitionistic, bi-intuitionistic and classical linear logics with exponentials, which are sound, complete, conservative, and enjoy cut-elimination and subformula property. Based on the same design, we introduce a variant of Lambek calculus with exponentials, aimed at capturing the controlled application of exchange and associativity. Properness (i.e. closure under uniform substitution of all parametric parts in rules) is the main interest and added value of the present proposal, and allows for the smoothest proof of cut-elimination. Our proposal builds on an algebraic and order-theoretic analysis of linear logic, and applies the guidelines of the multi-type methodology in the design of display calculi.
Black Musical Theatre: From Coontown to Dreamgirls

While theatregoers are generally familiar with the names of such pioneers as George M. Cohan, Irving Berlin and Jerome Kern, the names of their black counterparts - Will Marion Cook, George Walker and Bob Cole, among others - are virtually unknown today. Allen Woll aims to remedy that neglect in this book, offering a thoroughly researched account of the evolution of black musical theatre from the turn of the century to the present day. In his discussion of the careers of Ethel Walters, Eubie Blake and Lena Horne, to name just a few of the luminaries considered here and in his outlines and analyses of "A Trip to Coontown", "Shuffle Along", "Porgy and Bess", "Ain't Misbehavin'", "The Wiz", "Dreamgirls" and dozens of other shows, Woll brings the works vividly to life. "Black Musical Theatre" should become an essential reference and guide for anyone interested in theatre and African American history.
Automation Processes for Enterprise Architecture Management

Creating and maintaining an enterprise architecture model that is both up-to-date and accurate is a difficult task due to the size and complexity of the models and the dispersed nature of EA information in organizations. In current EA maintenance processes, the models are maintained manually with only little automation, which is a time consuming task. Literature from research and practice has identified this challenge, but only few scientific publications actually address the issue of EA model maintenance and its automation. In our research effort on Living Models, we are working towards solutions for a closer connection between EA models and what they represent in the real world. In this article we present (semi-)automated processes for maintaining enterprise architecture models by gathering information from both human input and technical interfaces and discuss implementation issues for realizing the processes in practice. This work is one of the first steps in the direction of minimizing manual work for EAM by automation and increasing EA data quality attributes such as consistency and actuality.
Quantifying why urea is a protein denaturant, whereas glycine betaine is a protein stabilizer.

To explain the large, opposite effects of urea and glycine betaine (GB) on stability of folded proteins and protein complexes, we quantify and interpret preferential interactions of urea with 45 model compounds displaying protein functional groups and compare with a previous analysis of GB. This information is needed to use urea as a probe of coupled folding in protein processes and to tune molecular dynamics force fields. Preferential interactions between urea and model compounds relative to their interactions with water are determined by osmometry or solubility and dissected using a unique coarse-grained analysis to obtain interaction potentials quantifying the interaction of urea with each significant type of protein surface (aliphatic, aromatic hydrocarbon (C); polar and charged N and O). Microscopic local-bulk partition coefficients K(p) for the accumulation or exclusion of urea in the water of hydration of these surfaces relative to bulk water are obtained. K(p) values reveal that urea accumulates moderately at amide O and weakly at aliphatic C, whereas GB is excluded from both. These results provide both thermodynamic and molecular explanations for the opposite effects of urea and glycine betaine on protein stability, as well as deductions about strengths of amide NH--amide O and amide NH--amide N hydrogen bonds relative to hydrogen bonds to water. Interestingly, urea, like GB, is moderately accumulated at aromatic C surface. Urea m-values for protein folding and other protein processes are quantitatively interpreted and predicted using these urea interaction potentials or K(p) values.
The Eyes of the World Are Watching Now: The Political Effectiveness of “Biko” by Peter Gabriel

This paper explores various readings of “Biko” by Peter Gabriel in an attempt to understand the extraordinary political impact of the song. The song did more than simply act as a vehicle for reflecting Gabriel's thoughts and feelings: it brought about awareness and also challenged and ultimately changed people's lives. It is argued that “Biko” by Peter Gabriel is not simply a political rally song with an ability to facilitate “collective identity formation” (Eyerman and Jamison) but a protest song able to intersect with the political consciences of audience members.
Trouble in Mind

In 1889, the student newspaper at Fisk, a black university in Nashville, predicted a major shift in race relations in the post-Reconstruction South. To its thinking, a new generation of Negroes had emerged, less patient and fearful than before. This, in turn, had bred a new generation of whites, "even more hostile and bitter than the older ones." The South was moving toward confrontation, it appeared, and there was no turning back. "We are not the Negro from whom the chains of slavery fell a quarter of a century ago," the newspaper claimed, "most assuredly not" (p. 422). This prediction proved accurate-and the consequences severe. The decades of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries witnessed a dramatic rise in racial violence and repression throughout the South. Trouble in Mind continues the narrative begun in Leon Litwack's previous book, Been in the Storm So Long, which followed the lives of black Southerners during the years of Civil War and Reconstruction. The earlier book employed a mountain of evidence to capture the determination of former slaves seeking to exercise their liberty in meaningful ways. The new book tells a far bleaker story. Some scholars may be disappointed. In place of statistics-there is not a single chart or graph in this 599-page book-one finds folktales, church hymns, blues songs, prison records, oral histories, scrapbooks, private diaries, newspaper accounts, and assorted public records. There are no disputes with fellow historians, no grand theories about the hardening of segregation, the impact of industrialization, the promise-and failure-of reform movements such as populism. What Litwack has produced is a riveting, "bottoms up" account of people who worked and struggled in relative obscurity. A graceful writer with an eye for the perfect quote, the telling anecdote, he purposely steps aside to allow his subjects, wherever possible, to speak for themselves. The result is an elegant panorama of black southern life, adding fresh detail and perspective to a depressingly familiar story.
Organellar DNA Variations in Higher Plants and their Taxonomic Significance

From the Editors : Due to explosive progresses of studies in plant sciences in recent years, plant scientists often hold small symposia, colloquia, or meetings on specified topics to keep up their research activities. Unfortunately, however, what was discussed in most of these meetings had not been published and not accessible to those who did not participate the meetings. The Editorial Board of JPR came to a conclusion that JPR should also provide a forum for such discussion and planned to publish the account of meeting that may attract general interest. Although individual article is of nature of minireview in itself, a set of the articles will provide an organized view on the topic. Here is the first trial.
A national survey of residents' self-reported work hours: thinking beyond specialty.

To secure data from residents regarding residency work hours and correlates.



A national, random sample of postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and year 2 (PGY2) residents in the 1998-1999 training year was identified using the American Medical Association's Graduate Medical Education database. Residents completed a five-page survey with 44 questions and 144 separate data elements relating to their residency experience.



Completed surveys were received from 3,604 of 5,616 (64.2%) residents contacted. PGY1 residents reported working an average of 83 hours a week versus 76.2 hours for PGY2 residents (p <.0001). Total work hours were significantly correlated with reported stress and hours of sleep per week. Residents averaging more than 80 work hours per week were more likely to be involved in a personal accident or injury, a serious conflict with other staff members, and making a significant medical error. Cluster analysis revealed four different types of residency experience: high intensity, moderate intensity, low intensity, and moonlighters, suggesting that residents may have some choice in selecting a residency experience suited to their particular personal and professional needs.



Nearly half of PGY1 and one third of PGY2 residents reported working more than 80 hours per week. These extended hours are significantly correlated with a number of patient care and personal health variables. Given the variety of program and specialty requirements and demands, it seems unlikely that an arbitrary limit or a simple decrease in work hours will provide a satisfactory solution to many resident and patient care concerns.
American Photography and the American Dream

James Guimond's powerful study reveals how documentary photographers have expressed or contested the idea of the American Dream throughout the twentieth century. In Guimond's formulation issues like growth, equality, and national identity came under the rubric of the Dream as it has been used to measure how well the nation is living up to its social and political ideals. A pathbreaking book, American Photography and the American Dream examines the most important photographers and developments in the documentary genre during this century. It encompasses the reform-era images of Francis Benjamin Johnston and Lewis Hine; the work of Farm Security Administration (FSA) photographers like Walker Evans and Dorothea Lange during both the 1930s and 1940s after the FSA photography unit broke up; the American-Way-of-Life pictures published by Life , Look , and the United States Information Agency during the 1940s and 1950s; the iconoclastic images of William Klein, Diane Arbus, and Robert Frank; and the work of four photographers of the 1970s and 1980s: Bill Owens, Chauncey Hare, Susan Meiselas, and Michael Williamson. Guimond pays close attention to the specific historical circumstances in which the pictures were made, to the roles the photographers played in making their images, to their intentions, stated and unstated, and to the original contexts in which the images were published or exhibited. These images, he shows, are not merely pictures on museum walls but revelations that can help us understand how we as Americans have seen ourselves, one another, and the world around us.
The Employment Effects of a Shorter Working Week

Labor organizations currently argue that reducing the standard working week will help lower the high unemployment of the 1980s. Opponents maintai n that this will increase labor costs, and therefore not alleviate un employment. This paper analyzes the employment effects of a cut in ho urs, using the monopoly union and efficient bargaining models of the union and firm. Under various developments of the models, the results are quite consistent: a reduction in hours has employment effects th at are at best ambiguous and very often negative. A puzzle remains as to why trade unions are pressing for shorter hours.
The Use Of Computers In Power Supply Design For A Railway Mega Project

The design of the power supply network for a modern metro railway mega project is a complex undertaking. From the earliest conceptual designs through to the finished project a large number of issues must be addressed and a vast amount of data reviewed, collated and held for posterity. Computers offer the only means available of managing this information. The paper describes the computer systems that are currently being used in a modern design office. These computer systems range from the humble spreadsheet through the complex network simulation packages to advanced system engineering tools. The author draws on experience in the development of software engineering tools to give his views on how the design process can be managed with the use of computer systems. A common thread is drawn through the latest thoughts in system engineering and software engineering to give a vision of what the next generation of power system design tools will look like. The use of object oriented methods such as the object modelling technique as a underlying technology within these next generation design tools is proposed.
Beyond Conceptual Dualism: Ontology of Consciousness, Mental Causation, and Holism in John R. Searle’s Philosophy of Mind

Francesc Forn I ARGIMON:  Guest Foreword Preface Introduction One: Problems and Theories: The Mind-Body Problem in  A Naturalistic and Non-Reductive Ontology of Consciousness Three: Functionalistic Models of Consciousness: Dennett, Chalmers, and the Desubstantialization of Mind Four: Holism and Mental Causation in the Theory of Intentionality Five: John Searle and Contemporary Neuroscience. Holism, Mental Causation, and the Roots of Subjectivity Conclusion Works Cited About the Author Index
O que é iconoclash? Ou, há um mundo além das guerras de imagem?

The author offers a reflection based on the works presented at the exhibit Iconoclash. Beyond the Image Wars in Science, Religion and Art, at the Center for New Art and Media, in Karlsruhe in 2002, where the curators put together three fields - religion, science and contemporary art, in which images have been presented as "cultural weapons" through an ambiguous struggle that both produces and destroys images, icons and emblems. Iconoclash was the term chosen to define the theme of this exhibition and guide the author's reflection on hatred and fanaticism, in the diverse ambits of the cultural, social and political life. Moving towards an alternative type of "iconophilia", beyond the image wars, the author suggests the suspension of the iconoclast gesture, opting for a cascade of images in transformation, instead of focusing obsessively on images fixed and frozen out of their flow.
Pulmonary function testing in the diagnosis of asthma: a population study.

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory condition, the diagnosis of which depends on symptoms and objective evidence of variable airflow obstruction or airway hyperresponsiveness. The proportion of people who have had objective pulmonary function testing around the time of diagnosis and factors associated with receiving testing are not well understood.



A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the health administrative data of all individuals aged 7 years and older with newly physician-diagnosed asthma living in Ontario, Canada between 1996 and 2007. Receipt of pulmonary function testing in the peridiagnostic period was determined and examined across patient sociodemographic and clinical factors.



Only 42.7% (95% CI, 42.6%-42.9%) of the 465,866 Ontarians newly diagnosed with asthma received pulmonary function testing between 1 year prior and 2.5 years following the time of diagnosis. In adjusted analyses, individuals 7 to 9 years old and those 70 years or older were less likely to receive testing than younger adults, individuals in the lowest neighborhood income quintile were less likely to receive testing than those in the highest, and individuals seeing a medical specialist were more likely to receive testing than those seeing only a general practitioner.



Less than one-half of patients with new physician-diagnosed asthma in Ontario, Canada received objective pulmonary function testing around the time of diagnosis. Further study is needed to determine why more pulmonary function testing is not being used to diagnose asthma and how barriers to its appropriate use can be overcome.
Large Wealth Creation in Mergers and Acquisitions

We examine completed MA (ii) transaction-specific events (not firm- nor CEO-specific events); (iii) enhanced by synergies from a strategic fit in the supply chain; and (iv) executed by bidders with high valuation multiples. Our analyses also document a link between financial accounting reporting irregularities and subsequent merger performance. These findings provide important insight into the factors associated with considerable wealth creation for acquirer shareholders in M&A deals.
Computer graphics in airport management

Computer graphics technology has been in use for over a decade. This technology has matured to a point where large applications involving databases can now be undertaken. This article describes the use of graphics technology in management of airport utilities, facilities and land. The systems described took over 60 manyears of development effort. This is considered as one of the largest and most complex undertakings in the application of computer graphics technology. As far as can be determined, no other airport in the world has a system of this size, complexity and sophistication. The events that led to a decision to develop the system are summarized. The system and how it is currently used at the airports within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are described.