nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
К проблеме сращивания аппарата управления с организованной преступностью в российской Федерации

Consideration of actual problems of formation of the negative social phenomenon of criminal bureaucracy for the purpose of development of the offers directed on fight against it.  The author applied a formal-legal method and a method of theoretical modeling.  In article the main scientific approaches to a problem of an evolution of bureaucracy in more dangerous to society and the form state are analyzed, the main stages of an evolution of bureaucracy in criminal bureaucracy are characterized. Novelty/originality/value: Article contains representing scientific and practical importance author’s generalizations and the conclusions directed on improvement of scientific ideas of criminal bureaucracy as to a negative form of deviant behavior of civil officers.
Nationalism: Anthropological Engagements

To what extent are intellectuals artisans of nationalism? In this chapter we review past and present anthropological research that has helped to reveal the agency of intellectuals in the projects and operations of states and nations. If the intellectual has long been defined in the Marxian-Gramscian tradition as a social actor with a special praxical investment in ways and forms of knowing, then what we discuss as “intellectualism,” the social formation of knowledge, should be understood as a central dimension of the (re)production of nations and nationalism both inside and outside of states. We suggest that further drawing anthropological attention to intellectuals and their knowledge practices (ranging from the poetic-literary to the technical-administrative) will help the anthropology of nations and nationalism to (a) locate the role of human agency in the creation, circulation, and contestation of national culture, (b) capture the intellectual work involved in nationalism and bureaucracy in its full diversity, and (c) imagine a new series of ethnographic access points among educated professionals for the study of nationalism in action.
Implementing Internal Software Process Assessment: An Experience at a Mid-Size IT Company

Software process assessments have become commonplace in the software industry because the software industry usually does not recognize the level of their software process. From the time software is developed, a phenomenon called software crisis exists subsuming wrong schedules and cost estimates, low productivity of people, as well as low productivity. A promising approach out of this crisis is now growing up in the software engineering community. One of the approaches is Software Process Assessment. We present our experience in implementing internal software process assessment at one of the mid-size Information Technology (IT) company by using the customized SPA method. The customized model is basically based on Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI).
Henry George on Land Ownership: A Comment on Pullen

George alienate many by presenting his reform program as the institution of a new form of restricted land possession rather than as the retention of traditional ownership with a substantial land tax imposed? It seems doubtful, yet the distinction merits further exploration and the peculiar and hard-to-implement nature of the tax and the difficulty of reconciling it with George's distrust of government needs to be stressed. Ideally, George might have preferred complete government ownership of land but his policy proposals were pragmatically adapted to the realities of his own society. The extent of the egalitarianism and aid to the landless implied in his program is questioned.
On the Reception of Haavelmo’s Econometric Thought

Trygve Haavelmo’s The Probability Approach in Econometrics (1944) has been widely regarded as the foundation document of modern econometrics. Nevertheless, its significance has been interpreted in widely different ways. Some modern economists regard it as a blueprint for a provocative, but ultimately unsuccessful, program dominated by the need for a priori theoretical identification of econometric models. They call for new techniques that better acknowledge the interrelationship of theory and data. Others credit Haavelmo with an approach that focuses on statistical adequacy rather than theoretical identification. They see many of Haavelmo’s deepest insights as having been unduly neglected. The current paper uses bibliometric techniques and a close reading of econometrics articles and textbooks to trace the way in which the economics profession received, interpreted, and transmitted Haavelmo’s ideas. A key irony is that the first group calls for a reform of econometric thinking that goes several steps beyond Haavelmo’s initial vision; while the second group argues that essentially what the first group advocates was already in Haavelmo’s Probability Approach from the beginning.
Rorschach Movement, Fantastic Daydreaming, and Freud's Concept of Primary Process: Interpretive Commentary:

The general purpose of this paper was to contribute to the interrelating of the Rorschach, creativity, and ego psychology literatures. More specifically, its purpose was to relate each of the following to a conceptual framework the author is building around the topics of creativity and Rorschach movement: (1) the Singer and Antrobus finding of two kinds of daydreaming and (2) the meaning that Freud's concept of primary process has for Singer, Maslow, Holt, Schafer, Barron, and Hilgard. The interrelating involved the hypothesis that Rorschach movement responses are a measure of capacity for what Freud meant by primary process and what Singer and Antrobus mean by fantastic daydreaming.
The future of CE — From connected and smart to… organized and AI?

Consumer electronics industry is a century old, but never in its history was it undergoing such a fundamental change as now. The devices use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to become connected and smart. The next stage is to use the astonishing advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) to make the devices intelligent. This digital fourth industrial revolution creates tremendous opportunities but also pitfalls. There is a need for a clear model of the intelligent consumer electronics technology, market and industry. We present here a paradigm of the digital home as organic ecosystem — a hierarchical organization of digital servants modeled after the Victorian manor. Using this paradigm we predict some major developments and new business models and opportunities.
On a Certain Blindness in William James

E hundredth anniversary of the birth of William James has doubtI less occasioned a considerable rereading of his writings. Some of us have been stimulated by the centenary to study his output as a whole in the perspective of the century of which he was so characteristic an American expression and to the cultural enrichment of which he made so notable a contribution. For myself, this has been a rewarding experience. I did not need to be introduced to the subtle and chivalrous quality of his mind, to the revolutionary character of his philosophic exploit, or to the honesty and solidity of his scholarship; and I had long admired his valiant battle for an interpretation of life satisfying to both intellectual and aspirational needs. Yet it seemed good to be reconvinced that L. P. Jacks was quite right when, over thirty years ago, he called James "a thinker of the first rank .... with a clear vision ahead of him, a rich and varied philosophical experience behind him, and with a great human purpose in his heart."2 Nevertheless, the rereading was in my case haunted by a vague sense of something lacking; by a feeling-for it was no more than a feeling at first 'that something important was being overlooked in James's unusually successful attempt to envisage ongoing life in its concrete fulness. Gradually it became clear what
Regional E-Government Readiness Evaluation Based on Administrative Ecology Theory

Under the background of informatization in China, regional E-government readiness index evaluation system is built on the basis of administrative ecology concept through empirical analysis on E-government readiness of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. We found that there is a large difference in E-Government readiness of different areas, and the E-government readiness scores tend to reduce from east to west, and all areas have a strong hardware, but the environment foundation is very weak. At last, it is suggested to strengthen the development of social informatization from three aspects: economic basis, communication infrastructure and human capital construction.
Market Morality: Robert Nozick and the Question of Economic Justice

The study of markets and market prices has been a central feature of economic inquiry since the 18th Century. There have always been lingering questions on the meaning of market prices. Most moderneconomists argue that there are no normative implications to price analysis. The disclaimers of some economists about normative judgments ring hollow in the light of their vigorous advocacy of free market solutions to economic and other problems. Either free market solutions are superior alternatives or they are not; one cannot have a value free analysis and an ideological advocacy at the same time. The philosopher, Robert Nozick, in Anarchy, State, and Utopia, clearly finds meaning in the market place. His entitlement theory is predicated upon free exchange of goods and productive services. The normative use of free markets in general and of Robert Nozick's formulation in particular, it is contended, are inconsistent, illogical, and unscientific.
Commentary from the front lines: American physician assistants working in a United Kingdom emergency department.

Physician assistants (PAs) have been an integral part of the emergency medicine team in the USA for the past 30 years. This review outlines the reasons why PAs can play a vital role in UK National Health Service (NHS). The experience of American PAs working in one NHS trust are discussed, highlighting the cultural differences in the environment of the emergency departments in the two countries that will influence the scope of practice of PAs in the UK.
The Jack Hills greenstone belt, Western Australia: Part 1: Structural and tectonic evolution over >1.5 Ga

The Jack Hills greenstone belt is situated within the Narryer Terrane, Western Australia, and is an approximately 70 km long greenstone and metasedimentary belt surrounded by granitic gneisses and various granitic rocks. Detailed fieldwork, supported by previous geochronological data shows that the Jack Hills greenstone belt has undergone a long-lived, complex deformation history, spanning at least 1.5 billion years. This includes, from oldest to youngest: (1) an early stage of recumbent and chevron folding probably associated with thrust faulting; (2) east-trending, major transpressional shearing including jog formation; (3) followed by kink and conjugate-style folding, brittle faulting, and fault reactivation. Transpressional shearing is interpreted to have taken place during the Paleoproterozoic Capricorn Orogeny. Strong overprinting and reworking with coaxial geometry gives the belt an apparent simplistic structural style that in places appears to be dominated by a single foliation. Pronounced static recrystallisation and fluid flow also mask structural complexity. Satellite and aeromagnetic imagery illustrate the large-scale geometry and show that the belt has a pronounced sigmoidal curvature, suggestive of dextral kinematics associated with transpression along major, east-trending structures. The majority of kinematic indicators in the field support this interpretation. The various structures are not developed uniformly across all lithological units within and outside the belt. Structural analysis, and an increased understanding of the lithological relationships between the various units, have allowed distinctions to be made between successive tectonic events. This has provided key criteria towards understanding the depositional timing and character of the units, and understanding and relating formation of structural elements such as mineral lineations and dominant foliations to specific events in time and space. On a regional scale, the Jack Hills greenstone belt shares some structural similarities with the nearby Errabiddy Shear Zone, which marks the northern margin of the Yilgarn Craton. This, and relationships in the Jack Hills greenstone belt shows that the Paleoproterozoic Capricorn Orogeny has affected a greater portion of the Yilgarn Craton than previously thought. Unravelling these complex structural relationships is a fundamental step towards understanding granite-greenstone formation, and the early evolution of one of Earth's oldest crustal fragments.
The Geology and Geochemistry of Porphyrite Iron Deposits in the Nanjing-Wuhu Area,Southeast China

For the iron deposits occurring in andesitic volcanic rocks of the Lower Yangtze Area,the genetic mod- el for porphyrite iron deposits was proposed by Chinese geologists more than ten years ago on the basis of their detailed studies in the Nanjing-Wuhu Basin.It comprises a set of deposits of different genetic types ranging from late magmatic segregation,ore-magma injection,pneumato-hydatogenetic replacing and hydrothermal filling as well as sedimentary origin.The deposits are closely connected with the gabbro-diorite porphyrite subvolcanic intrusive bodies both in space and in genesis.Mineralization and wall-rock alteration are consistent with the history of the magmatic evolution.Geochemical studies on trace elements and S,O,Sr isotopes have proved that the porphyrite iron deposits are of magmatic origin. The proposed model may be applied to iron ores associated with andesitic volcanites,for example,in Chile,Mexico,Pakistan,Turkey,etc.
Chew, Drink, and Spit: A Book Review

The performance entitled Chew, Drink and Spit: A Book Review took place in a studio in Vancouver, British Columbia, as a response to the 2012 publication of The Last Art College (MIT Press) by Canadian conceptual artist Garry Neil Kennedy. An urgent need was felt to address the typical ahistorical and nostalgic fashion with which Mr. Kennedy presented “his” period of conceptual art and pedagogy at the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (NSCAD) as the height of Canadian conceptualism and arts-based education. The action combined performance and book review. Sitting at a table, each page where Garry Neill Kennedy’s name appeared in his book was partially chewed and spitted back into a peanut butter container labelled “Last Art College.” This article explores whether the protesting body, as it consumed and regurgitated the “Last Art College,” can be read and interpreted as an embodied epistemology. Can flesh and embodied critique offer a new and different dynamic perspective on the “Last Art Col...
Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems Graduate Education: Master of Engineering in Mechatronics

The masters graduate degree program in engineering must change to respond to the needs of the modern practicing engineer. What is needed is a balance between theory and practice, between academic rigor and the best practices of industry, presented in an integrated way that feeds the needs of modern practicing engineers and the companies they work for. The new Master of Engineering in Mechatronics program attempts to remedy these deficiencies. The key element is the one-credit module which: balances theory and practice where concepts are application-driven, not theory-driven; identifies and understands industrial best practices by dissecting them into engineering and mathematical fundamental models; achieves innovation by assembling these fundamental models into new products and processes; analyzes both existing and new products and processes using computer simulations within a topic area; demonstrates hardware to show system realization and validity of modeling and analysis results; shows videos of industry systems and interviews with industry experts; discusses best practices to achieve sustainability of products; and maintains flexibility through 15 one-hour blocks of instruction - a 5-week mini-course or longer if preferred.
Franz Brentano, the “Grandfather of Phenomenology” and the Spirit of the Times

In the literature on Husserl there is a marked tendency to interpret the thought of the founder of phenomenology in the light of his later works, particularly focusing on The Crisis of European Sciences, which deals with the fundamental concept of Lebenswelt, as well on the themes of passive synthesis and inter-subjectivity, which were central concerns of this phase. Another dominant approach tends to view phenomenology purely in terms of transcendental phenomenology, a concept systematically developed in Ideas I of 1913, the text that most clearly reveals the closeness of Husserl to neo-Kantian movements.
Oakeshott, Wittgenstein, and the Practice of Social Science

This paper investigates the concept of “sociology” and the logical limits which, it is argued, are imposed upon its practice by the nature of the subject matter it investigates. This thesis is developed, first, by examining Michael Oakeshott’s distinction between “technical” and “practical” knowledge, and his concept of “abridgment”. The view of human action which follows from this is then applied to sociological practice in order to show how the latter involves a unique sort of abridgment. Then, drawing on Ludwig Wittgenstein's conception of philosophy, it is argued that sociological inquiry has its own form of investigation which is most accurately termed “description”. Finally, Harvey Sacks' notion of “primitive, natural science” is critically examined as an account of social science which approximates most closely to the one being articulated here. The weakness of Sacks’ account, it is suggested, can be explained by his failure to appreciate the Oakeshottian insights about human action with which the argument began. The paper concludes by drawing out some implications of the proposed thesis.
‘A conscientious and well-informed Victorian mother’: Elizabeth Gaskell's letters to her daughters

Unlike the majority of the major female authors of the Victorian period, Elizabeth Gaskell was a mother, and her understanding of motherhood was one of the defining preoccupations of both her life and her fiction. In her lively and intimate letters to her four daughters, Gaskell provides a fascinating insight into mid-Victorian motherhood. ‘Conscientious and well-informed’, frank and self-reflexive, Gaskell's letters reflect the social and intellectual ferment of the period and shed light on some of the most pressing issues faced by mothers of the period, including the psychological development and education of children, the Victorian crises of religious schism and unbelief, and the rise of feminism.
Searle, Collective Intentionality, and Social Institutions

In this paper I will discuss some aspects of (1995) account of social institutions, especially features that are concerned with the role of collective intentionality in the creation and maintenance of social institutions. His account is interesting and rich. I find many of the basic ideas in his theory to be on the right track. However, I think that there are still non-trivial problems related to it. The theory seems too narrow on two counts. First, Searle’s theory is too narrow in that it leaves out a central class of social institutions. This is the class consisting of social institutions relying on expectation-based social norms or, as I have called them, “proper social norms” (cf. Tuomela, 1995, Chapter 1). Second, Searle’s emphasis on deontic status and status functions seems to be too demanding in general. While it works well for some cases (e.g. money), it does not apply to all those institutional cases where a new “conceptual and social status” in a sense to be explicated is involved, nor does it apply to institutional cases which only involve norm-governed social practices.
Economic Institutionalism: An Evolutionary Perspective

The authors join a new discussion about Russian economic institutionalism, commenced by A. Moskovsky and continued by E. Popov and A. Sergeev. In the article the necessity of differentiation of concepts «institute» and «institution» is demonstrated, and the version of the set of basic categories is provided (institution, organization, institute and organ) which could be fundamental for institutional economic theory. Promising directions of institutional research are also discussed.
Aspekte van die magiese realisme in enkele Afrikaanse romans

In magical realist texts, realistic and magical elements coexist; the non-natural is perceived as organic and consistent with reality. Like post-modern and post-colonial texts, these are characterized by achronological and synchretistic experiences of time, metatextual commentary, circular elements and the blending of myth and history. Eventually, different and very subjective narrators, focalizers with an excentristic focus, establish alternative histories. The use of fantasy, legend and myth, ingredients of a new multicultural identity, exemplifies the description of colonised pasts. In these texts forefathers that refuse to die and ghosts in hybrid spaces in isolated communities become metaphors for a whole nation. The local version of magical realism is rooted in typical, isolated South African spaces, with their histories of colonised pasts, racial discrimination and political upheaval. The search for a new multicultural identity is evident in the rewriting of the past, the presentation of previously marginalised voices and the relativisation of documented history.
Featured Articles : Representing Islam, Terrorism, and Violence ; An East/West Pas De Deux: The Ballets Russes and the Orient in the Modern Western Imagination

Two new books on antebellum American painting are indicative of the increased interest in interdisciplinary research by art historians. A greater variety of concerns and questions now drives research in art history, and it is linked to an increased professionalization of the discipline. The number of historians has grown, as has their scholarly output. That is certainly true for American art, and today the quantity, quality and diversity of publications in that field make staying abreast of the literature a truly Sisyphean task. Within the recent literature on American art one finds material which can speak to both specialists and generalists, even when closely argued. The two books under review fulfill these characteristics. That is not to say, however, that their arguments are completely persuasive, at least to this reader. But more on that later. Each author has written on an aspect of antebellum American painting: Boime on landscape, and Albert Johns on genre. Boime makes clear that he intends to reach past the established American scholarship that "grounded the