nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Economic Evaluation of Coastal Land Loss in Louisiana

Louisiana has lost approximately 1,880 square miles of land over the past eighty years. Projections suggest that in a future without action, the next fifty years could result in the loss of 1,750 additional square miles of land area. As land loss continues, a large portion of the natural and man-made capital stocks of coastal Louisiana will be at greater risk of damage, either from land loss or from the associated increase in storm damage. We estimate the replacement cost of capital stock directly at risk from land loss ranges from approximately $2.1 billion to $3.5 billion with economic activity at risk ranging from $2.4 billion to $3.1 billion in output. Increases in storm damage to capital stock range from $8.7 billion to as much as $133 billion with associated disruptions to economic activity ranging from an additional $1.9 billion to $23 billion in total lost output. Authors Stephen R. Barnes, Craig Bond, Nicholas Burger, Kate Anania, Aaron Strong, Sarah Weilant, and Stephanie Virgets This research article is available in Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics:
Solvent isotope effects and the pH dependence of laccase activity under steady-state conditions.

Solvent isotope effects and the pH dependence of laccase catalysis under steady-state conditions were examined with a rapid reductant to assess the potential roles of protein protic groups and the catalytic mechanism. The pH dependence of both reductant-dependent and reductant-independent steps showed bell-shaped profiles implicating at least two protic groups in each case. The apparent pKa values were: for the reductant-independent step(s), pK alpha 1 = 8.98 +/- 0.02 and pK alpha 2 = 5.91 +/- 0.03; for the reductant-dependent step(s), pK' alpha 1 = 7.55 +/- 0.12, pK' alpha 2 = 8.40 +/- 0.23. No solvent isotope effect on reductant-dependent steps was detected other than a standard shift effect. However, a significant solvent isotope effect on a reductant-independent step(s) was observed; kH/kD = 2.12 at the pH optimum of 7.5. The concentration dependence of the D2O effect indicated that a single proton was involved. Simulations of the p(H,D) data suggested that the solvent isotope effect was associated with the protein protic group required in its undissociated form (pK alpha 2). The pH effects on reductant-dependent steps are apparently associated with reductant-dependent steps that occur between O2 binding and water formation in the catalytic reaction sequence.
Elaboration de dépôts nano-composés par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron pour la substitution du chrome électrolytique

This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of CrN based multilayer coatings for the replacement of electrolytic chrome. The studied materials include chromium nitrides coatings Cr-Zr-N ternary multiple phase and multilayer coatings and Si added CrN / ZrN multilayer coatings. The main objective of this thesis si to deposit the controllable coating structure and properties based on a magnetron sputtering technology so that the coating performance can be optimized to satisfy the replacement of Cr in industry scale. Coating structures are characterized by various techniques such as glow discharge optical spectrometer (GDOS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scaning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electronic microscope (TEM). The mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of the deposited coatings are evaluated using nanoindentation, scratch test, pin-on-disk, dynamic polarization techniques respectively. The first study is related to chromium nitride coatings with controllable structure; The hysteresic curve and target voltage versus nitrogen flow rate curve are used to predict the phase evolution on chromium nitride. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analysis for various RF biases reveals that the increased substrate bias leads the nitrogen content to decrease. The second study is concentrated on Cr-Zr-N system. Solid solution CrN(Zr) coatings and nanoscale multilayer CrN/ZrN coatings with bilayer thickness (^) ranging from 11. 7 to 66. 7 nm are prepared. CrN(Zr) coatings show a maximum hardness value of approximately 24 GPa while CrN / ZrN multilayers present constant hardness of 29 GPa. In corrosion tests, these coatings show good chemical inert and very low corrosion current densities. To enhance the performance of CrN / ZrN multilayers, a further effort to add Si into CrN / ZrN multilayer is carried out. The deposited CrSiN / ZrN multilayer coatings with ^ from 13. 4 nm to 86. 9 nm have nanocrystalline/amorphous structure (nc-CrSiN / a-ZrN). They demonstrate elevated corrosion potentials in comparison with the single layers. On the other hand, CrN / ZrSiN multilayers with ^ from 11 nm to 153 nm form nancrystalline/amorphous period structure (nc-CrN / a-ZrSiN). This multilayer structure shows a good combination of high hardness from ZrSiN and good toughness from CrN. The addition of Si into ZrN individual layer has been shown to be an efficient way to inhibit pitting corrosion.
Hospitalizations among female home-helpers in Denmark, 1981-1997.

Occupational health problems among home-helpers have been reported in a series of studies, and the need for intervention has been pointed out. To facilitate decisions regarding interventions and to establish baseline values for future evaluation of preventive efforts, the present study aimed to elucidate the disease pattern among female home-helpers in Denmark.



Cohorts of all 20-59-year-old Danish female home-helpers in the years 1981, 1986, 1991, and 1994 were formed, to calculate age standardized hospitalization ratios (SHR) and time trends (1981-1997) for a large variety of diagnostic aggregations.



Significantly high SHRs were found for injuries, infectious and parasitic diseases, and for diseases of the nervous system, circulatory system, the respiratory organs, digestive system, and the musculoskeletal system. When adjusting for social group the SHRs for varicose veins, ischemic heart diseases (IHD), and musculoskeletal disorders were still significantly high while the SHR for malignant neoplasm of respiratory organs became significantly low. The time trends revealed increased relative risks for IHD and asthma, and a decreasing relative risk for duodenal ulcer.



Employment in the Danish home-help sector is associated with an elevated hospitalization risk due to many work-related diseases.
The reinvention of theatre in sixteenth-century Europe : traditions, texts and performance

The sixteenth century was an exciting period in the history of European theatre. In the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, France, Germany and England, writers and actors experimented with new dramatic techniques and found new publics. They prepared the way for the better-known dramatists of the next century but produced much work which is valuable in its own right, in Latin and in their own vernaculars. The popular theatre of the Middle Ages gave endless material for reinvention by playwrights, and the legacy of the ancient world became a spur to creativity, in tragedy and comedy. As soon as readers and audiences had taken in the new plays, they were changed again, taking new forms as the first experiments were themselves modified and reinvented. Writers constantly adapted the texts of plays to meet new requirements. These and other issues are explored by a group of international experts from a comparative perspective, giving particular emphasis to one of the great European comic dramatists, the Portuguese Gil Vicente. Tom Earle is King John II Professor of Portuguese at Oxford. Catarina Fouto is a Lecturer in Portuguese at King's College London.
Challenging Merton's Protestantism-Science Hypothesis: The Historical Impact of Sacerdotal Celibacy on German Science and Scholarship

Denominational differences in the number of scientists produced in Germany during the period 1550 to 1900 are linked to the historical impact of Catholic celibate and Protestant noncelibate clergy households. Protestant leadership in science is largely attributable to the development of a new social mobility pattern among descendants of their clergy that enhanced the pastorate's ability to convey cultural and social capital to their marrying offspring, something denied to Catholic clergy. By reference to German historical developments, I show that the contributions of clerical households, far from being limited to the natural sciences, were equally in evidence across most other areas of scholarly endeavor. A discussion of the theoretical implications of these findings provides a comparative analysis of Protestant to Catholic scholarly achievements in general, and of scientific achievements in particular, as well as a critical assessment of Robert K. Merton's theorizing on the subject.
Non-commutativity and many-valuedness: The topological representation of the spectrum of C∗-algebras

In the past there have been made various attempts to define the spectrum of a non-commutative C∗-algebra. But all these definitions have certain drawbacks — e.g. C.J. Mulvey's definition does not coincide with the standard definition of the spectrum in the commutative case. The aim of this paper is to give an alternative definition of the spectrum which does not suffer under this deficit — i.e. coincides with the standard situation in the commutative setting. For this purpose we recall some properties of balanced and bisymmetric quantales, introduce a definition of the spectrum of a C∗-algebra working for the general case and develop subsequently its topological representation.
Educating students with insecure attachment histories: toward an interdisciplinary theoretical framework

Middle school students with insecure attachment histories present a particular challenge for school personnel. These students frequently cause behavioural disruptions and fail to academically engage in course content. This paper draws from attachment theory, as well as literature in the fields of education, neurobiology and psychology, to establish a theoretical framework for future research on teachers and attachment. The framework illustrates conceptual linkages between research from these academic disciplines to show that teachers can play a role in the rehabilitation of students' internal working models and attachment strategies, especially during this key developmental period.
Sorption and abiotic transformation of aniline and α-naphthylamine by surface soils

Improving the assessment and subsequent remediation of sites contaminated with aromatic amines requires differentiating between reversible and irreversible sorption processes and quantifying the controlling parameters. The interaction of aniline and {alpha}-naphthylamine with five surface soils from CaCl{sub 2} electrolyte solutions was studied for a 2 month equilibration period using a batch equilibration method. Soils varied in pH, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content. Reversible sorption processes reached equilibrium within the first day of equilibration for all soil-solute combinations while irreversible binding and transformation proceeded for much longer times. After 1 day, increases over time in the ratio of reversibly sorbed concentrations to solution concentrations were shown to primarily result from nonlinear sorption coupled to decreasing aqueous solute concentrations from irreversible binding/transformation. Dimer formation hypothesized to be mineral catalyzed was confirmed with GC/MS and UV-vis detection for {alpha}-naphthylamine, but was not observed for aniline. Fast reversible sorption processes reduced aromatic amine concentrations in solution and retarded irreversible reactions indicating processes occur in parallel.
On influential factors of SMEs financing: enterprise scale, operation years, and financing demand differences

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) being important strength of national economy in China, have being confronted with a financing developing difficulties, some of the problems own common characteristics in the world. But there are personal characteristics in China in transition economies. Taking Chinese central section Hubei province as example, the study of this theme shows that Chinese characteristics of SMEs financing difficult are related to three factors: enterprise scale, operation years and financing demand differences. First, the larger enterprise scale is, the higher its financing satisfied degree is. Second, the longer operation years of SMEs is, the stronger enterprise financing availability. Third, the larger difference of SMEs financing demand and degree of difficulty to get capital, the larger variation enterprise belonged to different types or different stages or different regions. Therefore, in order to resolve financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises, it is necessary and important to improve enterprises to grow in strength, prolong life-span and cultivate the diversification financing various channels.
The salvation of meaning in Peter Drucker's oeuvre

The purpose of this paper is to illuminate Peter Drucker's management theory by exploring German theological concerns which constituted his unique approach in management theory. To uncover the secularized German theological roots in Drucker's work, the paper juxtaposes his writings from his 60‐year‐long career with prior cultural interpretations of German scholarship. The analysis shows that German secularized theological concerns surrounding the fall of modernity influenced Drucker's oeuvre, leading him to advocate “the meaningful organization” as a pragmatic solution to the ills of modern society. While Drucker's ideas evolved over the years, the paper shows that his agenda to promote meaningful organizations in an otherwise totalitarian‐prone, alienated, rationalized and meaningless era remained consistent. This interpretation suggests that Drucker believed that management had moral duties in a Nietzschean godless world. The paper shows that these themes...
Investigating the frustrations in managing and engineering defense system-of systems

This thesis is concerned with understanding the question on why, for several decades, engineers and project managers were experiencing similar frustrations when engineering and managing systems-of-systems despite various technological and organizational efforts. The first objective of this thesis is to identify the common frustrations in the area of System-of-Systems operations, management and system engineering. A second objective is to understand the systemic causes of these frustrations using different system engineering methods and tools. A series of interviews with mid-career experts from different disciplines were conducted in order to capture expert knowledge. Half of them were end-users from U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) while the other half represented the defense industry. A total of twelve common themes were observed: Technical Challenges: 1) Poor Requirements Engineering 2) High Complexity and Magnitude of SoS 3) Complex Stakeholder Management 4) Evolving SoS Requirements Management 'Pain Points': 5) Lack of Strong Leadership 6) Misalignment between Industry & End-users 7) Unstable Budget Environment 8) Limited Information Available 9) Information Compartmentalization 10) High Turnover Rate Organizational Influences: 11) Excessive Bureaucracy 12) Risk Avoidance Culture
Weak Completeness Theorem for Propositional Linear Time Temporal Logic

We prove weak (finite set of premises) completeness theorem for extended propositional linear time temporal logic with irreflexive version of until-operator. We base it on the proof of completeness for basic propositional linear time temporal logic given in [20] which roughly follows the idea of the Henkin-Hasenjaeger method for classical logic. We show that a temporal model exists for every formula which negation is not derivable (Satisfiability Theorem). The contrapositive of that theorem leads to derivability of every valid formula. We build a tree of consistent and complete PNPs which is used to construct the model.
130‐K Superconductivity in the Hg‐Ba‐Ca‐Cu‐O System

(Hg0.9Re0.1)Ba2Ca2Cu3 O8+δ(HgRe‐1223) HTSC thin films have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of a precursor on (100)‐oriented SrTiO3 substrates followed by annealing in a controlled mercury atmosphere. The critical temperature is 129 K determined by the temperature dependence of AC susceptibility. Resistance measurements show a superconducting transition at Tc= 130 K with transition width ΔTc ≈ 3 K.
Assessment of postoperative venous thromboembolism risk in plastic surgery patients using the 2005 and 2010 Caprini Risk score.

Venous thromboembolism is an important patient safety issue. The authors sought to compare the predictive capacity of the 2005 and 2010 Caprini Risk Assessment Models for perioperative venous thromboembolism risk.



The authors performed a retrospective, observational, crossover study using an established surgical outcomes database. A total of 3334 adult plastic surgery patients were identified. Patients were risk-stratified using both the 2005 and 2010 Caprini Risk Assessment Models. Each patient served as his or her own control, resulting in precise matching for identified and unidentified confounders. The outcome of interest was 60-day, symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The predictive capacities of the 2005 and 2010 Caprini risk scores were compared.



Use of the 2010 Caprini Risk Assessment Model resulted in a systematic increase in the aggregate risk score. The median 2010 Caprini score was significantly higher than the median 2005 Caprini score (6 versus 5, p<0.001). When compared with the 2010 model, the 2005 Caprini Risk Assessment Model was able to better separate the lowest and highest risk patients from one another. Patients classified as "super-high" risk (Caprini score>8) using the 2005 Caprini Risk Assessment Model were significantly more likely to have a 60-day venous thromboembolism event when compared with patients classified as super-high risk using the 2010 guidelines (5.85 percent versus 2.52 percent, p=0.021).



When compared with the 2010 Caprini Risk Assessment Model, the 2005 Caprini Risk Assessment Model provides superior risk stratification. The 2005 Caprini Risk Assessment Model is the more appropriate method to risk-stratify plastic surgery patients for perioperative venous thromboembolism risk.



Risk, II.
Disciplining Society through the City: The Genesis of City Planning in Brazil and Argentina (1894–1945)

This paper looks at the genesis of a discourse on urbanismo (city planning) in Brazil and Argentina between 1894 and 1945 using the ideas of Michel Foucault on discipline and his concept of bio–power. The demographic pattern of the major cities in both countries from 1890 onwards and the renewals of the centres of these cities are also discussed. Other sections are dedicated to the plans proposed for the same cities in the 1920s and to urban representations, such as ideas about social reform, the role of hygiene as a point of departure for planning, and the relationship of ideas on Taylorism (scientific management) and the city. The paper also discusses the planners opposition to elections, when they claimed that they were the only ones qualified to deal with urban problems and therefore they should be employed in the state apparatus. 
 
 
 
Other concerns of the paper are the use of planning as an element of nation building and ideas defining eugenics (race ‘betterment’) as an important aspect of city planning. I conclude by arguing that, if implemented, city planning was a way of creating an industrial culture, disciplining society through the city, although the industrial proletariat has never made up the majority of the population in Brazil or Argentina. Even if many aspects of the plans proposed for both countries were not implemented, the discourse of planners can be seen as a will to discipline society through the city. This discipline would affect the freedom of movement of human bodies, and is therefore approached through Foucault's concepts of bio–power and discipline
Nature and timing of movement on Hines Creek strand of Denali fault system, Alaska

The Hines Creek strand of the Denali fault system in the central Alaska Range juxtaposes continental basement rocks on the north with younger Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks more characteristic of an oceanic environment on the south. A pluton that intrudes the Hines Creek strand has a 95-m.y. cooling age indicated by K-Ar dating and establishes a maximum age for strata that overlie the pluton unconformably. The Hines Creek fault may have been the locus of major strike-slip movement prior to 95 m.y. ago. Subsequently, strike-slip movement along the Denali system has taken place on the McKinley strand 32 km to the south.
From the History of City Map to Urban Cultural Map——Comparative Analysis of Beijing Cultural Map

Through the typical city historical maps of Beijing,Xi′an,Shanghai,this paper analyzed the urban cultural map,drawing the basic train of thought and academic principle from various angles.The city cultural map engraved outtime and space choroid of city history,presented urban inner life development history and space stereo display process.From historical map to cultural map,it showed the great-leap-forward progress of geographical and geographical combination.Beijing cultural map did not only take the historical geography theory of Europe and America as the foundation,but also fuse Chinese historical geography academic achievement.And Beijing cultural map would be analyze the urban cross-sectional relation between human and land.and the profile analysis process and spatial-temporal stagger.Finally,this paper concluded Beijing cultural map drawing had a multidisciplinary theory support.could produce the iconic Beijing humanities and social science academic achievements.Beijing cultural map drawing was to integrate universities.enterprises,research institutes and other aspects,the implementation of the large troop formation combat force. Beijing cultural map drawing was the powerful measures of the realization of Beijing cultural great development and prosperity.was the foundation which carried more science,education,research,enterprise,consulting etc.
Constructing hardware-software systems from a single description

The study of computing is split at an early stage between the separate branches that deal with hardware and software; there is also a corresponding split in later professional specialisation. This paper explores the essential unity of the two branches and attempts to point to a common framework within which hardware-software codesigns can be expressed as a single executable specification, reasoned about, and transformed into implementations. We also describe a hardware/software co-design environment which has been built, and we show how designs can be realised within this environment. A rapid development cycle is achieved by using FPGAs to host the hardware components of the system. The achitecture of a hardware platform for supporting experimental hardware/software co-designs is presented. A particular example of a real-time processing application built using this design environment is also described.