nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Johan Heyns as apologeet

Johan Heyns as apologist It is well known that Johan Heyns developed not only the theological disciplines of Dogmatics and Ethics. He also published a number of important works in the field of Apologetics. In this article special attention is paid to these books. This investigation leads to the conclusion that Heyns most certainly made a valuable contribution to the way in which Apologetics should be practised. His evaluation of viewpoints which differ from his own is always balanced, although he does not hesitate to point out the dangers in the modernistic worldview that threaten the Christian faith. He impresses one with his knowledge of contemporary philosophy.
Effects of ionenes on structure and catalytic activity of cobalt phthalocyanine. VI : Hydrogen peroxide accumulation

Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide during the catalytic oxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol in the presence of CoPc(NaSO 3 ) 4 /2.4-ionene was investigated. It appeared to be the result of H 2 O 2 formation via the catalytic reaction step and subsequent decomposition by further reaction with thiol. The decomposition process was found to follow first-order kinetics in both H 2 O 2 and RS − , whereas the formation step could be described by a two-substrate Michaelis-Menten rate equation
The Search for Miss Philippines Bahrain—Possibilities for Representation in Expatriate Communities

Based on participant observation within the organizing committee of a beauty pageant produced by the Filipino Club in Bahrain, this paper explores group interactions within Bahrain's multinational population. More specifically, the paper asks whether semi-public events staged by expatriate community organizations serve as nodes of interaction across boundaries of nationality. The first half of the paper describes the transnational context and expatriate community organizations in Bahrain and the type of activities they host. An important distinction is made between activities hosted on the club premises and/or for club members and performance events that are potentially open to non-members. The second half of the paper uses a beauty pageant organized by the Filipino Club to examine how semi-public performance events provide a venue for both the construction of community identity and its potential presentation to other nationalities resident in Bahrain. By describing the range of activities organized by the Filipino Club—from professional networking to aromatherapy classes from Christmas parties to beauty pageants—this research expands our ideas of the nature of expatriate lives in the Gulf. The ethnographic analysis of the beauty pageant demonstrates that semi-public events may not fulfill their potential for reciprocal inter-group communication.
Freedom and Form in David Hare’s Drama

Assumptions about his political commitments can be derived from David Hare’s career, beginning with his own fringe theatre, the ‘Portable Theatre Company’, in 1968-71, from his collaborations and the settings of his early plays. Yet critics have recognised that explanation in terms of political commitment, both suggested and countered in the plays, only partially and too simply reflects the force and substance of the drama. Venue suggests a focus on political commentary in the early plays: the exclusively social girls’ school in Slag (1970), the new generation of a Labour M.P. whose politics derive from Aldermaston marches and pot parties rather than from a working-class perspective in The Great Exhibition (1972).1 His collaborations with Howard Brenton, Brassneck (1973) and Pravda: A Fleet Street Comedy (1985), demonstrate a more corn-mitted focus than do most of his others, enough to substantiate Richard Allen Cave’s opinion that Brenton’s ‘anger and moral outrage sustain a powerful satirical vision and a structure that aims frankly at demonstration rather than debate’.2
Optical investigations of multi-dimensional ZnO hybrid structures

The authors report on the optical properties of multi-dimensional ZnO hybrid structures, consisting of film (2D)/nanorods (1D)/sapphire substrate (2D), grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Photoluminescence investigations reveal that the sample with top layer grown at a decreased growth temperature of 240 °C and increased reactor pressure of 5 Torr exhibits superior emission properties. The presence of strong E 2 high optical phonon mode at 438.5 cm − 1 in the visible micro-Raman spectra demonstrates the wurtzite nature of ZnO. Although the ultraviolet Raman scattering measurements of the hybrid structures reveal the presence of in-plane tensile stress in the top ZnO layer, the sample with the improved emission performance shows the release of tensile stress.
Protein thermal stability, hydrogen bonds, and ion pairs.

Researchers in both academia and industry have expressed strong interest in comprehending the mechanisms responsible for enhancing the thermostability of proteins. Many and different structural principles have been postulated for the increased stability. Here, 16 families of proteins with different thermal stability were theoretically examined by comparing their respective fractional polar atom surface areas and the number and type of hydrogen bonds and salt links between explicit protein atoms. In over 80% of the families, correlations were found between the thermostability of the familial members and an increase in the number of hydrogen bonds as well as an increase in the fractional polar surface which results in added hydrogen bonding density to water. Thus increased hydrogen bonding may provide the most general explanation for thermal stability in proteins. The number of ion pairs was also found to increase with thermal stability in two-thirds of the families tested; however, their rate of addition was only about one-sixth that for internal hydrogen bonds amongst the protein atoms. The preferred residue exchanges and surface atom types useful in engineering enhanced stability were also examined.
Electromagnetic KY production from the proton in a Regge-plus-resonance approach

A Regge-plus-resonance (RPR) description of the p(\gamma,K)Y and p(e,e'K)Y processes (Y = \Lambda, \Sigma^{0,+}) is presented. The proposed reaction amplitude consists of Regge-trajectory exchanges in the t channel, supplemented with a limited selection of s-channel resonance diagrams. The RPR framework contains a considerably smaller number of free parameters than a typical effective-Lagrangian model. Nevertheless, it provides an acceptable overall description of the photo- and electroproduction observables over an extensive photon energy range. It is shown that the electroproduction response functions and polarization observables are particularly useful for fine-tuning both the background and resonance parameters.
Better compliance to antihypertensive medications reduces cardiovascular risk.

The effect of compliance with antihypertensive medications on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in a population without a known history of cardiovascular disease has been addressed by a large population-based prospective, cohort study carried out by linking Italian administrative databases.



The cohort of 242 594 patients aged 18 years or older, residents in the Italian Lombardy Region, who were newly treated for hypertension during 2000-2001, was followed from index prescription until 2007. During this period patients who experienced a hospitalization for coronary or cerebrovascular disease were identified (outcome). Exposure to antihypertensive drugs from index prescription until the date of hospitalization or censoring was assessed. Proportional hazards models were fitted to assess the association between persistence on and adherence with antihypertensive drug therapy and outcome. Data were adjusted for several covariates.



During an average follow-up of 6 years, 12 016 members of the cohort experienced the outcome. Compared with patients who experienced at least one episode of treatment discontinuation, those who continued treatment had a 37% reduced risk of cardiovascular outcomes (95% confidence interval 34-40%). Compared with patients who had very low drug coverage (proportion of days covered ≤ 25%), those at intermediate (from 51 to 75%) and high coverage (>75%) had risk reductions of 20% (16-24%) and 25% (20-29%), respectively. Similar effects were observed when coronary and cerebrovascular events were considered separately.



In the real life setting, fulfillment compliance with antihypertensive medications is effective in the primary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes.
The Cristero Rebellion: The Mexican People Between Church and State 1926-1929

The Cristero movement is an essential part of the Mexican Revolution. When in 1926 relations between Church and state, old enemies and old partners, eventually broke down, when the churches closed and the liturgy was suspended, Rome, Washington and Mexico, without ever losing their heads, embarked upon a long game of chess. These years were crucial, because they saw the setting up of the contemporary political system. The state established its omnipotence, supported by a bureaucratic apparatus and a strong privileged class. Just at the moment when the state thought that it was finally supreme, at the moment at which it decided to take control of the Church, the Cristero movement arose, a spontaneous mass movement, particularly of peasants, unique in its spread, its duration, and its popular character. For obvious reasons, the existing literature has both denied its reality and slandered it.
Basic Values and Attitudes toward Foreign and Domestic Policies in Germany

This paper addresses the role of basic values in shaping attitudes toward domestic and foreign policy issues in the German public. Building on previous research, it argues that Schwartz’s system of basic values could be powerful in shaping attitudes toward policies from various domains. Basic values might thus give coherence to political belief systems across policy domains. Moreover, it derives the hypothesis that basic values should be more powerful in affecting issue attitudes among political sophisticates than among political novices. These expectations are examined using data from a telephone survey conducted in Germany in 2009. The evidence shows that, by and large, basic values are associated with policy attitudes as predicted by Schwartz’s theory. Though basic values are quite powerful in shaping attitudes toward new politics issues, they exhibit only minimal effects on attitudes toward economic and foreign policy. Accordingly, basic values are not effective in giving coherence to political attitudes across policy domains. The evidence also suggests that political sophistication does not increase effects of values on policy attitudes across the board. The paper concludes by summing up the findings and discussing implications and suggestions for future research.
The influence of pH on the conductance of lipid bimolecular membranes in relation to the alkaline ion transport induced by carboxylic carriers grisorixin, alborixin and monensin.

The influence of the pH on the stability and stoichiometry of the complexes formed by carboxylic-antibiotics such as grisorixin, alborixin and monensin with alkaline and alkaline earth cations has been investigated. The maximum values of bimolecular lipid membrane conductance are obtained with grisorixin and potassium ion. The conductance-pH curves show a very pronounced maximum in the neutral pH range. The results are analysed on the basis of a dimeric form of the ionophore in the complex and the possibility of having several charged complexes resulting from an heterogeneous reaction, the number of each complexed form depending on the pH of the bulk solutions.
Aristotle and Democracy

There are two main types of question which arise from Aristotle's treatment of democracy, as from all other major topics which we find in that part of the Politics which is related to empirical data about political behaviour (Books 2–6 in O.C.T.). One type is primarily philosophical: ‘Is Aristotle's analysis logically coherent, is it consistent with his data, is it convincing?’ The other is more historical, though it has philosophical importance too: ‘From where does he derive his data, from where his views (or prejudices)? Has he done justice to the historical events that he adduces and to the opinions of men that he cites as evidence for political and ethical norms?’ Although in this paper I have a special interest in questions of the second type regarding the nature of the data, they cannot be tackled satisfactorily without considering the nature and validity of the analysis of democracy.
The sociology of art : ways of seeing

PART 1: THEORY PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE What is the 'Sociology of Art'?  Does Art Become Art? Assessing Pierre Bourdieu's Theory of Artistic Fields J.Jane Feminist Art and Feminist Sociology: New Departures A.Howson A New Paradigm for a Sociology of Aesthetics R.Witkin Invisible Aesthetics and the Social Work of Community Culture P.Willis Cultural Studies and the Sociology of Culture J.Wolff The Sociology of Art: Cynical or Celebratory? D. Inglis PART 2: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE: CASE STUDIES IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF ART Framing Old Age: Sociological Perspectives on the Art of the Past M.Hepworth The Rise and Fall of the Art House Movie A.Tudor Opera, Modernity and Cultural Fields A.Swingewood 'World Music' and the Globalisation of Sound R.Robertson and D.Inglis 'High Arts' and the Market: An Uneasy Partnership in the Transnational World of Ballet H.Wulff Reconstructing the Centre: Sociological Approaches to the Rebuilding of Berlin
Lord of a Visible World: An Autobiography in Letters

) has achieved renown as the leading author of supernatural fiction in the twentieth century. His novels have been translated into a dozen languages, and his work has inspired many contemporary authors in the fields of horror and science fiction, including Stephen King, Peter Straub, Ramsey Campbell, and Philip K. Dick. In Lord of a Visible World, the editors have amassed and arranged the letters of this prolific writer into the story of his life. The volume traces Lovecraft's upbringing in Providence, Rhode Island, his involvement with the pulp magazine Weird Tales, his short-lived marriage, and his later status as the preeminent man of letters in his field. In addition to conveying the candid details of his life, the volume also traces the evolution of his wide-ranging opinions. Lovecraft shows himself to be deeply engaged in the social, political, and cultural milieu of his time. The editors, two of the leading Lovecraft scholars, have meticulously edited the text, transcribing the letters from manuscript sources and supplying explanatory annotations throughout. Lord of a Visible World is of interest to both the general reader and the scholar, presenting for the first time a well-rounded portrait, in his own words, of a writer whose work has fascinated millions of readers.
International representations of inclusive education: How is inclusive practice reflected in the professional teaching standards of China and Australia?

Inclusive education focuses on addressing marginalisation, segregation and exclusion within policy and practice. The purpose of this article is to use critical discourse analysis to examine how inclusion is represented in the education policy and professional documents of two countries, Australia and China. In particular, teacher professional standards from each country are examined to determine how an expectation of inclusive educational practice is promoted to teachers. The strengthening of international partnerships to further support the implementation of inclusive practices within both countries is also justified.
Homeward Bound? Interest, Identity, and Investor Behavior in a Third World Export

Are indigenous investors in Third World export platforms more stable than their allegedly “footloose” foreign rivals? While mainstream economists hold that investor behavior is independent of investor identity and therefore call for the parallel treatment of domestic and foreign firms, their critics hold that indigenous investors are more dedicated than their foreign counterparts and therefore call for industrial policies designed to cultivate and defend native entrepreneurs. Who is correct? The author uses a unique combination of qualitative and quantitative data to document and account for the relative stability and dynamism of indigenous investors in the Dominican Republic’s largest export processing zone and thereby brings economic sociology back from the margins of development theory—and development theory back into the heartland of sociology.
State, religion, and revolution in Iran, 1796 to the present

1.  State, Religion, and Revolution in Iran, 1796 to the Present SECTION I: FROM FRAGMENTED POLITICAL AUTHORITY TO CENTRAL BUREAUCRATIC POWER, 1796-1963 2. The Political Authority of the Qajar State, 1796-1925 3. Forming a Utilitarian Buffer State: The Pahlavis, 1921-1963 SECTION II: THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE SHI'I ULAMA, 1796-1963 4. Religious Revivalism and the Formative Phase of Orthodoxy, 1796-1892 5. The Constitutional Moment: The Ulama and the Political Sphere, 1892-1921 6. The Nationalization of Religious Morality and the Organizational Expansion of the Ulama, 1921-1963 SECTION III: THE MAKING OF THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION AND ITS AFTERMATH, 1963 TO THE PRESENT 7. The Islamization of the Social Movements and the Revolution, 1963-1979 8. The Invention of a Modern Theocracy: An Unfinished Revolution 9.  Making Sense of the State, Religion, and Revolution
Clustered Graph Hierarchical Layout Algorithm for Systems Biology Models

In this article we describe a complete method to the layout clustered graph in hierarchical fashion. We have adopted Sugiyama[11] framework for hierarchical layout and modified its phases to produce the clustered graph layout. The algorithm is based on Sanders compound graph layout algorithm. Our main contribution is positioning of nodes with different sizes without any node overlap while maintaining straight lines for long edges. Experimental results show that the executiontime and quality of the produced drawings with respect to commonly accepted layoutcriteria are quite satisfactory.This algorithm is intended to integrate as a part of system biology software Cell-in-Silico, for drawing biological pathways with compartmental constraints and arbitrary nesting of graphs and molecular complexes. General Terms Data Visualization, Layout Algorithm.
Molecular Organization of Reagents in the Kinetics and Catalysis of Liquid-Phase Reactions: XI. Manifestation of the Structure of Solution in the Kinetics of Water Addition to Isocyanate in Water–Dioxane Mixtures

Evidence for the structural effect of liquids associated by hydrogen bonds on the kinetics of molecular reactions was experimentally found. The kinetics of hydrolysis of (phenylaza)phenyl isocyanate in water–dioxane mixtures was studied at various temperatures and in the presence of structure-making and structure-breaking additives. The apparent order γ of reaction with respect to water concentration increased with temperature because of the partial breaking of the H-bond solution structure. It was found that the value of γ was affected by salt additives, for which positive (Et4NCl) or negative (KI) hydration is typical. This hydration resulted in strengthening or partially breaking the H-bond structure of water, respectively. It follows from the kinetic data that the addition of 0.1 mol/l Et4NCl was equivalent to a decrease in the solution temperature by 6 to 7°С, whereas the addition of 0.1 mol/l KI was equivalent to an increase in the temperature by 5 to 6°С. The effect of poly(ethylene oxide) additives (which stabilize the structure of water) on the value of γ was similar to the effect of the tetraethylammonium salt, which is characterized by positive hydration.
An analytical model for generalized ESP games

The ESP game belongs to the genre called Games With A Purpose (GWAP), which leverage people's desire to be entertained and also outsource certain steps of the computational process to humans. The games have shown promise in solving a variety of problems, which computer computation has been unable to resolve completely thus far. In this study, we consider generalized ESP games with two objectives. First, we propose an analytical model for computing the utility of generalized ESP games, where the number of players, the consensus threshold, and the stopping condition are variable. We show that our model can accurately predict the stopping condition that will yield the optimal utility of a generalized ESP game under a specific game setting. A service provider can therefore utilize the model to ensure that the hosted generalized ESP games produce high-quality labels efficiently. Second, we propose a metric, called system gain, for evaluating the performance of ESP-like GWAP systems, and also use analysis to study the properties of generalized ESP games. We believe that GWAP systems should be designed and played with strategies. To this end, we implement an optimal puzzle selection strategy (OPSA) based on our analysis. Using a comprehensive set of simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed OPSA approach can effectively improve the system gain of generalized ESP games, as long as the number of puzzles in the system is sufficiently large.
Understanding How Biomass Burning Impacts Climate Change

Biomass burning in Africa is creating a plume that spreads across the Atlantic Ocean all the way to Brazil. Allison Aiken, a research scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, collects data about the black carbon aerosols within this plume and their impact on the environment to help improve global climate modeling. A leader in energy science, Los Alamos develops climate models in support of the Laboratory’s mission to strengthen the nation’s energy security. Allison’s work is part of FIDO, a field operations team funded by the Energy Department’s Office of Science’s ARM Climate Research Facility.
The Importance of Forgetting ‘Perishing’ in Whitehead’s Cosmology and Epistemology

In this paper, I will address a constructive criticism of the papers that appeared as a Symposium on Whitehead’s Process Philosophy of Education (Interchange, 26(4), pp. 341–415, 1995). In his criticism of those papers, George Allan (1998) claimed that the contributors to the Symposium were not as Whiteheadian as they thought they were because they failed to contextualize their papers in the harmony and holism of Whitehead’s organic philosophy. Allan thought, in essence, that we had committed a fallacy of misplaced concreteness. Ironically, this is exactly what we had been trying to avoid. With regards to my paper, Allan felt that I had failed to explain the importance of perishing for Whitehead in the becoming and objective immortality of the superject of experience. Hopefully, I have done a better job of this in what follows. I would also like to begin exploring the implications of Whitehead’s cosmology and epistemology for the advance of theory in psychology. On a pleasant afternoon in Oulu, Finland I was discussing the ideas presented here with my friend Hannu Soini who said to me, “when one is learning it is important to forget certain things so they do not impede our creativity.” Hence, the title of this paper and a further exploration of the concepts that Hannu and I feel are impeding the advance of psychology. I would like to preface with a reminder that when I try to explain Whitehead’s philosophy succinctly I sometimes fail to explain things well. His is a truly organic conception of reality so please forgive me.
A New Perspective on an Old Problem

The subject of declining enroll¬ ments in electrical power engi¬ neering in the nation's engineer¬ ing colleges has been debated for at least the past several years. Rather than rehashing the rea¬ sons for this state of affairs, my purpose is to discuss several fac¬ tors which I believe call for reas¬ sessment of our current efforts and development of new strate¬ gies for reversing this potentially dangerous trend.