nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Flow in Learning Distributed Computing and MapReduce Concepts Using Hands-On Analogy

The expansion of technical concepts into everyday business practices suggests a need for effectively teaching difficult subjects to non-technical users. This paper describes hands-on analogy, an innovative method for teaching technically difficult concepts using interactive, experiential learning activities and a gamified exercise. We demonstrate our technique by investigating Hadoop Hands On, an exercise designed to teach MapReduce. Students experienced how MapReduce functions work conceptually by envisioning students as compute and tracking nodes in a Hadoop system and playing cards as data processed to complete two tasks of varying complexity. A study of 56 students was conducted to validate the exercise and demonstrated the impact of triggered flow on perceived understanding. The main contributions of this work are 1) an alternative learning approach that communicates a technically difficult concept through analogy and 2) the demonstration of the role of flow in facilitating learning using this approach. We recommend using this approach to teach technically difficult concepts to non-technical students who can more easily comprehend the benefits of distributed computing methods interactively in a way that complements the traditional lecture approach.
The internal conflict of Elizabeth Bennetin Jane Austen’s pride and prejudicethesisin partial fulfillment of the requirementfor the sarjana pendidikan degree in English literature teaching

Literature is an important component of a total language art. From 
Literature, readers can meet some different characters and different traditions. 
Readers can improve their skills because the discussions of literature bring out 
reasoning related to sequence; cause and effect; character motivation; 
predictions; visualization of actions, characters, and settings; critical analysis of 
the story; and creative responses. The writer chooses literature as an interesting 
topic for her study because she knows that literature is a part of real life that is 
showed by words. The writer can learn to face the problem in her real life from 
reading literature. This thesis focuses on the internal conflict of the main 
character in the novel. The internal conflict from this novel is about Lizzy’s 
decisions to marry a man because of love not because of his wealth. Yet, Lizzy 
realizes that she needs money to support her future life and her mother forces 
her to marry a man who becomes the heirs of her estate. This thesis is a 
qualitative study in the form of descriptive analysis. The analysis theory is 
based on the Abrams’ theory. Objective theory according to Abrams believes 
that there is no influence of the reader for the work itself. From this theory, 
there is no chance from the people who do not know the nature of the author to 
have an agreement. The objective theory forces the observer to see the work 
itself that is by analyzing the intrinsic elements in the work itself. The intrinsic 
elements of novels are setting, characters, plot, and theme. Lizzy does not want 
to marry Mr. Collins because she does not love him. There are three 
suggestions, for the readers of the novel, for teaching literature, and for further 
study. The writer expects that the readers of the novel can understand more 
about internal conflict. The writer gives suggestion for teaching literature that it 
would be better if the lecturer gives the students direction to analyze intrinsic 
elements not only looking for the climax and the conclusion of the story. The 
last, the writer suggests for the further study to analyze external conflict and the 
society in this novel
Psychology resources on the world wide web

1. Locating Web Resources. 2. Evaluating Web Resources. 3. General Resources in Psychology. 4. Psychology as History and as Science. 5. Biological Bases of Behavior. 6. Sensation, Perception, and Consciousness. 7. Learning and Conditioning. 8. Memory. 9. Language and Cognition. 10. Intelligence and Testing. 11.   Alphabetical List of Sites.
4 Ethnicity and State Policy: The State of Israel in the Intellectual and Political Discourse of the US Jewish Press

This chapter examines the relationship between Jewish ethnic awareness and political attitude towards the State of Israel, as expressed in three leading periodicals in the United States: Tikkun , Commentary , and The Forward , during the past twenty years. The discussion that took place within three periodicals during the past generation has been primarily political in nature, free of ideational questions of principle that had preoccupied statesmen and intellectuals during two preceding generations. These sought to formulate a collective definition of Klal Yisrael in the aftermath of Holocaust and founding of State of Israel, as a consequence of which the center of gravity of Jewish life had shifted from Europe to the United States and Israel. The first issue raised during these discussions was the question of a collective definition of world Jewry. The second matter of principle under discussion related to the definition of Jewish existence outside the State of Israel.  Commentary ; Jewish ethnic awareness; Klal Yisrael ; political attitude; state of Israel; The Forward ; Tikkun ; US Jewish press; world Jewry
Application of Mössbauer spectroscopy for studying chemical effects of environmental factors on microbial signalling: Redox processes involving iron(III) and some microbial autoinducer molecules

Diverse processes of microbial remote intercellular communication as well as the exchange of molecular signals between microbial cells and their host macroorganisms, involving specific low-molecular-mass diffusible substances (used as a ‘chemical language’), are at the peak of current research in biosciences. This fundamental interest is due to the unique possibility of controlling the microbial behaviour and metabolism by influencing merely their signalling pathways. On the other hand, abiotic impact of the environment (medium) on extracellular molecular signals is also of great importance, as any of their chemical interactions (e.g., complexation or oxidation) represent direct interferences in the process of ‘signal delivery’ through the medium. In this work, chemical interactions of microbial extracellular molecular signals (alkylresorcinols (AR), homoserine lactone (HL) – chemical analogues of microbial autoregulatory substances) with iron(III) were monitored using freeze-quench 57 Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy in moderately acidic aqueous solutions as well as in the dried solids obtained thereof. The conditions applied were designed to simulate possible processes occurring in soils, where ferric iron is commonly ubiquitous. Gradual reduction of iron(III) by AR was observed, coupled to oxidative degradation of the organics, in solution, while iron(II) also remained dominant upon drying, whereas for HL, some iron(II) was detected in the dried solid only. The iron(III) reduction rate in solution for AR with a longer alkyl chain (4- n -C 6 ) was found to be much higher than that for the methyl (5-C 1 )-substituted derivative, pointing to the importance of the structure (i.e., the position and/or the nature of the alkyl substituent) of the alkylresorcinol molecule for the redox process rate. The results obtained indicate that ARs can be readily oxidised abiotically by soil iron(III) in moderately acidic media, thus being excluded from signalling pathways, which is equal to “message undelivery”, directly affecting microbial autoregulation.
Research on the Real Estate Enterprises Development Strategy Facing the Housing Industrialization

Housing industrialization has provided a new flat for the real estate enterprise development. It has existed inevitability that the enterprise needs to adjust its development strategy. The real estate enterprise development strategy in the process of housing industrialization has been studied in this paper, and the intension of the real estate enterprise development strategy has also been analysed. Then some series of measures for the real estate enterprise to carry out in this process are summarized, so the reference effect on adjusting the real estate enterprise development strategy has been provided in it.
Is the «veil of ignorance» in constitutional choice a myth? An empirical test

In this paper, we propose an empirical test of the theory of the veil of ignorance in the Canadian context. Adopting a cognitive perspective, we read the Canadian Constitution as an indication of the motivations that the Constitution drafters had at the time of adoption so as to assess whether the Constitution reflects more their own private interests than the general interest. We proceed in three steps. First we formulate a conceptual framework based on power analysis to distinguish three distributions of power that decision-makers want to maintain or modify through their choices. Second we detail a content analysis method that helps us systematically unveil the power relations present in the Constitutional documents. Third, we describe and discuss our results, showing that the two Constitutional documents we analysed reflect the general interest more than the constitution drafters’ private interests.
Quality of life and mental health in cervical and endometrial cancer survivors.

The goal of this study was to examine quality of life and mood in long-term survivors of cervical and endometrial cancer. Relationships of quality of life and mood with demographic and disease factors were also investigated.



One-hundred fifty-two survivors of cervical or endometrial cancer diagnosed and treated 5-20 years ago at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics participated. Eighty-nine healthy controls were recruited from a hospital gynecology clinic. Quality of life, mood, and demographics were assessed by questionnaires. Disease characteristics of cancer survivors were abstracted from medical records.



There were no significant differences in quality of life or depressive symptoms between the three groups. Cervical cancer survivors reported significantly more anxiety than endometrial cancer survivors, and more dysphoria, anger, and confusion than either endometrial cancer survivors or healthy controls. Greater depression and mood disturbance were reported by unemployed and unmarried cancer survivors. Treatment modality, stage of disease, and length of time since diagnosis were not related to quality of life or mood.



Quality of life in cervical and endometrial cancer survivors approximates that of healthy controls by 5 years post-diagnosis. However, cervical cancer survivors report more negative mood than survivors of endometrial cancer or healthy controls. Cancer survivors who are unemployed or living alone may be especially at risk for mood and mental health difficulties.
What are faith-based organizations?

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT EARTHQUAKES...Faith based organizations ( FBO ) have had a long standing relationship with communities in the time of disaster. This relationship will be more important than ever following a damaging earthquake in the central United States. A large damaging earthquake will be an event that few in the central U.S. will have ever experienced, and for that reason, the event will most likely cause some degree of panic and heightened concern for what has occurred and what may follow. Faith based groups play an important role in working directly with the public following an earthquake.
Electrical Conductivity of Polymer–Carbon Composites: Effects of Different Factors

In this chapter, the electrical conductivity/resistivity of polymer–carbon composites has been discussed in detail. The types of electrical resistivity and their measurement procedure have been depicted pictorially. The electrical conductivity of different carbon materials like diamond, graphite, fullerene, carbon fiber, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene are noted and discussed. The different techniques of preparation/processing of conducting polymer/carbon composites are mentioned here within short. Moreover, how the geometry/structure of different carbons controls the electrical conductivity of polymer composites has been critically reviewed. The electrical percolation threshold and the conductivity of polymer/carbon composites that depends on many physical and chemical factors are investigated from different literature sources and reported in this chapter.
State authority and national welfare programs in the world system context

Recent research on national welfare programs focuses upon the organizational capacity of nation-states, but it does not directly address the issue of why state bureaucracies institute such programs. We develop an institutionalist theory that views the rationalization of authority and concomitant national welfare programs as products of a world culture. By examining the interplay between national characteristics and world-system context, we are able to interpret worldwide adoption of welfare programs as well as the difference between formal programs and their implementation. We provide preliminary tests of hypotheses predicting worldwide patterns of welfare expenditures. We find that a state's incorporation in intergovernmental organizations and its level of investment dependence positively affect social security expenditures in 1965 and 1970. We conclude by briefly discussing implications of our research for further work on the relationship between state structures and national programs.
Redirecting philosophy : reflections of the nature of knowledge from Plato to Lonergan

In a contemporary climate that tends to dismiss philosophy as an outmoded and increasingly useless discipline, philosophers have been forced to reconsider much of what they have formerly taken for granted. Redirecting Philosophy, Hugo Meynell's reassessment of the foundations and nature of knowledge, is a compelling response to this trend. This illuminating study surveys and analysis the views of the most influential contemporary thinkers in the English-speaking world (Wittgenstein, Strawson, Searle, Popper, Feyerabend, Kuhn, Rorty, Lonergan) and in continental philosophy (Husserl, Heidegger, Derrida, Foucault, Habermas). In setting those views against the background of classical philosophy, Meynell offers fresh perspectives on the basic problems that occupy philosophers today - problems such as scepticism, truth, experience, metaphysics, method, power, humane values, and the role of science. An insightful, up-to-date guide to philosophy and the theory of science, Meynell's book will be stimulating and valuable reading both in and out of the classroom.
Pattern Language for Service Discovery

In this paper a pattern language for service discovery is introduced. These patterns were mined from several existing service discovery protocols, and from protocols which are generally used for service discovery, but have not been discussed under the theme of service discovery in the research community. In this paper everything preceding the actual service usage is considered as service discovery, regardless of the actual used mechanism. This language gives to the reader an overview to different aspects of service discovery, and enables easier comparison of different existing approaches to this problem domain.
The determinants of pay levels and fringe benefit provision in Britain

The ability of trade unions to raise pay levels is well established, but the contraction of the union sector in Britain calls this into question. Analysis of the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey shows that there is still a union premium for some employees covered by collective bargaining and that this effect spills over to other employees in the same workplaces. Employer and workplace characteristics generally have a greater impact on pay than union bargaining. Circumstances where the union effects are strongest are identified. Some similar effects are shown for the provision of fringe benefits.
The 2003 Benjamin Franklin Medal in civil engineering presented to Charles H. Thornton

The world is a more interesting and safer place to live because of the efforts of Dr. Charles H. Thornton. Throughout his career Dr. Thornton has been able to translate simple structural elements into unique solutions for the construction of long-span structures and high-rise buildings. His leadership role in the analysis of structural failures and his translation of knowledge obtained from the analysis of these events has clearly provided the public with safer structures. Dr. Thornton has also been a leader in the motivation of high school students to pursue careers in engineering, architecture and construction.
The psychology of appearance: why health psychologists should “do looks”

Societal interest in appearance has a long history, 
but has never been more prevalent than now. Messages 
associating physical attractiveness with success and 
happiness are unremitting; researchers and 
commentators consider that extensive, and for a 
proportion of the population, debilitating levels of 
appearance concerns are considered normative. In this 
article I will offer a brief history of appearance research 
as a context for the current state of play in this area, 
explore reasons why the topic of appearance remains 
peripheral at best for most health psychologists, and 
offer arguments for why it should become more central.
Artifact “Metaphors”: Gaining capability using “Wrong” tools

In everyday life as well as in the asymmetric warfare domain, to achieve the intended goals, agents often don't exploit the designed and purpose-built tools but some other tools whose features simply fit for the purpose. Starting from the well established ideas carried out to build ontologies of functional concepts of artifacts, we propose to extend such ontologies with explicit recordings of physical features. A mechanism of similarity mapping between ontology classes, using feature-based similarity measures, will drive the research and retrieval of artifacts which are possible substitute for the proper tool.
State-Of-The Art Practices in Bridge Inspection

Government reports and published research have flagged and brought to public attention the deteriorating condition of a large percentage of bridges in Canada and the United States. With the increasing number of deteriorated bridges in the US, Canada, and around the globe, condition assessment techniques of concrete bridges are evolving. Investigation for bridges’ defects such as cracks, spalls, and delamination and their level of severity are the main objectives of condition assessment. Inspection and rehabilitation programs are being implemented to monitor and maintain deteriorated bridge infrastructure. This paper highlights the state-of-the art of current practices being performed for concrete bridge inspection. The information is gathered from the literature and through a distributed questionnaire. The current practices in concrete bridge inspection rely on the use of hummer sounding and chain dragging tests. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques are not being utilized fully in the process. Nonetheless, they are being partially utilized by the recommendation of the bridge inspector after conducting visual inspection. Lanes are usually closed during the performance of visual inspection and bridge inspection in general.
Literature as an aid to empathic response

This article explores briefly the use of classical and modern literature as an aid to understanding those mentally disordered offenders who not infrequently raise anxiety, and sometimes fear, in those charged with their management. Reference is made also to other media as aids in this process. Literature is the one place in any society, where, within the secrecy of our own heads, we can hear voices talking about everything in every possible way. (Salman Rushdie, unpublished lecture)
Reactive‐Sinter‐Processing and Attractive Mechanical Properties of Bulk and Nanostructured Titanium Boride

An approach to synthesize bulk nanostructured titanium boride (TiB) ceramic material having a whisker-like microstructure with a very attractive combination of mechanical properties is presented. The material is made of a three-dimensional network of high aspect ratio TiB whiskers that are created in situ during reaction sintering of micron-sized component powders at pressures of 15–20 MPa and at relatively low temperatures (<1400°C). It is shown that the properties are sensitive to the amount of titanium used in the reaction-sintering process. The mechanism of formation of nanostructured TiB whiskers and the process of densification, both facilitated by tri-modal powder particle packing and liquid/β-phase regions, are illustrated. Mechanical property evaluations indicate that, unlike conventional nanoceramics, a good combination of hardness, strength, and toughness can be achieved by the control of microstructure. For example, the best TiB composition synthesized here resulted in a Vickers hardness of 16 GPa, an elastic modulus of 425 GPa, a mean flexural strength of 800 MPa, and a SEPB fracture toughness of 5.2 MPa√m. This combination of properties, from the perspective of room temperature applications, places the material on par with certain grades of silicon nitride (Si3N4) indicating that the material offers significant potential for further development.
Construction of Yan Fu’s view on social history and the turning of modern history

The construction of Yan Fu’s view on social history has combined the indigenization of Western historiography and the modernization of traditional Chinese historiography, which reflects the characteristic of a change towards modern historiography. The academic sources of Yan’s view on social history include some Western thoughts such as Herbert Spencer’s social Darwinist theory, Edward Jenks’ patriarchal clan system theory, John Seeley’s political historiography, etc.; and also many indigenous sources such as Yang Zhu’s self benefit, Mozi’s selfless love, Buddhist views on mood, etc.
Structural and Optical Properties of ZnS Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Technique

The II-VI group semiconductors are of great importance due to their applications in various opto electronic devices. Among these semiconductor. Zinc sulphide is the most suitable for its utility in opto electronic devices. Zinc Sulphide has been prepared on glass substrate by using Spray Pyrolysis method. The optical properties of these films have been studied in the wavelength range 380-1000-nm using UV-VIS spectro-photometer. The ZnS films has a direct band gap of 3.47eV-3.54eV. The thickness of these films were determined by weighing method and in the range of 0.2120μm 0.2543.μm The structure of the prepared films was studied from X-ray diffraction pattern, the results shows that the film was polycrystalline with hexagonal structure.
Documentation of a hydrous ultramafic magma intrusion in the 1.62 Ga crust of southern Sweden

Field relationships and petrology of a mid Proterozoic (1624±6 Ma) hornblendite from southwestern Sweden demonstrate that it originated as a mafic-ultramafic hydrous melt. Lobes and veins of hornblendite penetrate the surrounding gneiss and small gneiss xenoliths lie in the main body of the hornblendite, evidence that it intruded with relatively low viscosity. The hornblendite has a composition compatible with its derivation from the mantle at 6 GPa and a geochemical subduction signature indicating a subduction zone origin. It is suggested that the hornblendite represents an intrusive equivalent to primitive lavas seen in Phanerozoic subduction zones that form by melting of metasomatised hydrous mantle.