nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
La economia colombiana en el 2003 mejora pero a un ritmo lento. Perspectivas para el 2004 [The Colombian economy in the 2003 improvement but to a slow rate. Perspective for 2004]

This article presents some reflections on the Colombian economic situation in 2003 and next year's perspectives. We consider that the economy has been improving since the second quarter of 2002, but at a slow rhythm. In spite of the improvement in some global and sectorial economic indicators, the expected growth for this year wont't overcome the 3% annual rate. This calculation is lower to the denominated potential growth that, it can be located between 4,5% and 5%. Basically, a synthesis of the actual situation in 2003 and about the colombian economic policy. Este articulo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre el desempeno economico colombiano en lo corrido de 2003 y las perspectivas para el proximo ano. Consideramos que la economia esta mejorando desde el segundo trimestre de 2002, pero a un ritmo lento. A pesar de la mejoria en algunos indicadores economicos globales sectoriales, el crecimiento esperado para este ano no supera el 3% anual. Esta cifra resulta inferior al denominado crecimiento potencial que, en nuestro caso, puede situarse entre 4,5% y 5%. Basicamente, se presenta una sintesis de la coyuntura en el 2003 y las principales preocupaciones de la politica economica colombiana.
Tectonostratigraphy and provenance of an accretionary complex within the Yarlung-Zangpo suture zone, southern Tibet: Insights into subduction-accretion processes in the Neo-Tethys

Accretionary complexes record critical information about the history of subduction and accretion along the southern margin of Asia prior to the India–Asia collision. This paper presents detailed field mapping, petrographic and detrital zircon U–Pb data from an accretionary complex within the Yalung–Zangpo suture zone, southern Tibet. From structurally higher to lower levels, the accretionary complex consists of a serpentinite melange, the chert-matrix Tangga melange, the mud-matrix Pomunong melange, and the coherent Rongmawa Formation. The Tangga melange consists of Late Triassic–Early Cretaceous abyssal chert and siliceous shale with blocks of chert and mafic to ultra-mafic rocks. The Tangga melange was accreted beneath ophiolitic rocks during the Aptian. The Pomunong melange consists of a Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous hemipelagic siliceous shale and chert matrix with blocks from Early Permian seamounts and from Late Cretaceous trench-fill sandstones; it was accreted beneath the Tangga melange after the Aptian but prior to 71 Ma. Structurally beneath these melanges to the south, the uppermost Cretaceous Rongmawa Formation consists of turbiditic sandstone, pelagic chert, and siliceous shale and records a transition in depositional setting from lower abyssal plain to upper trench. Detrital zircons from sandstone blocks of the Pomunong melange and the coherent Rongmawa Formation display similar U–Pb age spectra and are dominated by peaks at 71–231 Ma, 481–693 Ma, and 701–1372 Ma. These age peaks overlap with igneous crystallization ages and detrital zircon ages from sedimentary strata in the Lhasa terrane. Our data indicate that the serpentinite melange, Tangga melange, Pomunong melange and Rongmawa Formation comprise a southward-younging accretionary complex that developed during the northward subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere beneath the south margin of the Lhasa terrane and that all exposed ophiolitic and accretionary complex assemblages were accreted to the Asian margin prior to the India–Asia continental collision.
Going Global - Expanding Capacity to Analyse Time Use Data.

From its first incarnation as the Working Group on Time Budgets and Social Activities at the International Sociological Association meeting in Varna, Bulgaria in September 1970, the International Association for Time Use Research has had global interests and attracted a global audience. Two of the first twenty conferences took place in Mexico City (Mexico 1982) and Delhi (India 1986). Early IATUR members hailed from Brazil, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Kuwait, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey and Venezuela. Nevertheless, until very recently, most time use surveys were collected in the more developed Northern Hemisphere countries (Fisher et. al. 2011). The overwhelming majority or time-relevant publications and papers presented at academic conferences have concentrated on daily activity patterns in Australia, Canada, the USA, European countries, and the more developed North-East Asian countries. While IATUR Regional Council Members have tended to live and work in the regions they represent, until 1992, the Council Member for Africa was based in Europe or North America. Prior to the election of co-Vice-Presidents Lara Gama de Albuquerque Cavalcanti from Brazil and An Xinli () from China in 2011, no member of the IATUR core executive came from the global south.
Decision resource consultancy: a convergence of disciplines that aid consumer marketing

When companies recognise the limitations of seat-of-pants decision making, it is not always immediately clear where to turn in order to procure the information and advice that can result in better business decisions. The chosen resource might be a research agency (assumed to be fast-acting); a management consultancy (likely to be reassuringly expensive); or sources in the academic world (popularly seen as ‘leading-edge’). What is delivered will depend on the type of supplier chosen: so far, each of these resources has developed in isolation, with its own assumptions, methods and codes of conduct. 
 
 
 
Nowhere is this more starkly seen than among providers of qualitative research, the discipline that gave birth to focus groups and marketing-oriented depth interviews. Depending on the supplier, the client may be provided with research that is process-based, skills-based or knowledge-based. The design, practice and analysis of the research will differ accordingly. 
 
 
 
In this paper, it is argued that the time has come to establish a new form of business consultancy which understands the strengths and weaknesses of these three traditional approaches, which can offer research brokerage that makes available the most appropriate techniques, and which can bring together the distinctive offerings of market-research agencies, universities and management consultancies as a total resource in helping clients to make optimal decisions. An acceptance of new kinds of professional alliances will be required, as ‘meta-consultants’ look for cooperation, not competition, among those who are based in each of these three domains.
An elementary proof of the Birkhoff-Hopf theorem

Birkhoff used what has been called ([7]) 'Hilbert's projective metric' or () the 'Cayley-Hilbert metric'. In each case, it proved possible to obtain sharp estimates for the contraction constant of a positive linear operator with respect to the ' almost' metric. Subsequently, several authors generalized and sharpened the original results and established a close connection between the Birkhoff and Hopf theorems. A partial list of contributors includes F. L. Bauer[l], M. A. Ostrowski[25, 26] and P. J. Bushell [8, 7, 9]. In addition, a number of mathematicians who were apparently unaware of most of the above-mentioned theorems obtained closely related results and interesting new propositions. We mention A. M. Krasnosel'skii, Je. E. Lifshits, Yu. V. Pokornyi, A. V. Sobolev, and refer the reader to [19],  and the book [18]. We shall prove here a generalization of the work of Birkhoff, Hopf, Bauer, Ostrowski, Bushell and others and refer to the cumulative result as the Birkhoff-Hopf Theorem: see Theorems 3-5 and 3-6 below and the formulae of Section 6. Typically, when the Birkhoff-Hopf Theorem is applied to a positive (possibly noncompact) linear operator L, it implies that the L has a unique, normalized, positive eigenvector v with corresponding eigenvalue A equal to the spectral radius of L and that there are explicitly computable constants M and c, with c < 1, such that
Competition in Communication Networks: Pricing and Regulation

By any measure, the communication sector is important. It is no surprise, then, that the communication sector has attracted the attention of both policy-makers and economists. In this paper, we argue that four characteristics of the networks that deliver communication services make this area of particular interest. We analyse the implications of networks' cost structures; the strong complementarity between their components; the demand-side externalities that arise from consumption of their services; and the social obligations attached to them. Despite the attention that the communication sector has received, many aspects of competition between networks are still poorly understood. We identify some of the key issues that will continue to trouble regulators and interest academics.
Axiomatizing Kolmogorov Complexity

We revisit the axiomatization of Kolmogorov complexity given by Alexander Shen, currently available only in Russian language. We derive an axiomatization for conditional plain Kolmogorov complexity. Next we show that the axiomatic system given by Shen cannot be weakened (at least in any natural way). In addition we prove that the analogue of Shen’s axiomatic system fails to characterize prefix-free Kolmogorov complexity.
International Strategic Choice of Minimum Quality Standards and Welfare

We study the influence of minimum quality standards in a two-region partial-equilibrium model of vertical product differentiation and trade. Three alternative standard setting arrangements are considered: Full Harmonization, National Treatment and Mutual Recognition. The analysis integrates the choice of a particular standard setting alternative by governments into the model. We provide a set of sufficient conditions for which Mutual Recognition emerges as one regulatory alternative that always improves welfare in both regions when compared to the case without regulation. We show that Mutual Recognition, being the default procedure if governments do not reach a unanimous decision, is the only possible equilibrium of the game.
Note on the filtrations of the K-theory

Let X be a (colimit of) smooth algebraic variety over a subfield of C. Let K alg (X) (resp. )) be the algebraic (resp. topological) K-theory of k (resp. complex) vector bundles over X ( resp. X(C))). When K alg (X) = K top(X(C)), we study the differences of its three (gamma, geometrical and topological) filtrations. In particular, we consider the cases X = BG for an algebraically closed field k, and X = Gk/Tk the twisted form of flag varieties G/T for non-algebraically closed field k.
BRAZIL'S NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND NATURAL GAS CONSERVATION - HISTORIC OVERVIEW, CRITICISM AND PERSPECTIVE FOR THE FUTURE

This paper aims to present an historical overview, some criticisms and a brief discussion about future perspective for the Brazilian National Program for Petroleum Products and Natural Gas Conservation (CONPET). Initially focusing on the 1970’s energy crisis period, the paper starts by tracking backward early initiatives for oil conservation in Brazil. The origin as well as the principles of CONPET is then described. The paper criticises CONPET’s organization and main achievements over its first 12 years of existence since 1991. The actions implemented by CONPET are limited in scope and wideness. Moreover, the lack of adequate accountability instruments is highlighted as a major difficult to measure the Program’s long-term results. It is stated that CONPET has never received enough support from the government, having been managed primarily by the National Oil Company, Petrobras. The company has been in charge for keeping the initiatives alive during this long period. CONPET would have died otherwise. Yet, Petrobras may also be responsible for having reduced CONPET’s influence. The Program has lost status, turning into a company’s initiative rather than a governmental policy. The paper proposes the urgent need for Brazil to put forward new strategies for petroleum and natural gas conservation. Some future perspectives for CONPET are suggested. () M.Sc. Candidate in the Graduate Energy Program; University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Supported by the Brazilian National Petroleum Agency’s Human Resource Program (ANP/MCT PRH-04). () Professor in the Graduate Energy Program; University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Mexican Phoenix: Our Lady of Guadalupe: Image and Tradition across Five Centuries

Preface Prologue 1. Image and typology 2. Myth and history 3. Woman of the Apocalypse: Indian seer 5. Presence and tradition 6. Patron of Mexico 7. Divine idea 8. Heavenly painting 9. Myth and scepticism 10. The last resort 11. History and infallibility 12. The coronation 13. Juan Diego 14. Nican mopohua 15. Epiphany and revelation Bibliography.
Exclusive finance: How unmanaged systemic risk continues to limit financial services for the poor in a booming sector

This paper evaluates the incentives created by public and private supervision for managing systemic risk in the inclusive finance sectors of developing and emerging economies. Investors and regulators often rely on risk assessments and standards created for large, developed country banks when evaluating inclusive finance intermediaries (IFIs); however, the business models of IFIs and the context of developing and emerging economies tend to make them more vulnerable to certain systemic risks such as price volatility (e.g., inflation and exchange rate risks), political instability, and natural disasters. We evaluate a sample of over 900 IFIs, finding that their capital holdings are generally unaffected by these systemic risks. In this sample, regulation does not generally increase capital reserves, but we find that regulated IFIs in jurisdictions vulnerable to disasters and price shocks hold slightly greater capital reserves than those in less vulnerable regions. Two priorities for enhancing public and private supervision are implementation of requirements sensitive to the risks of individual IFIs and recognition of a broader set of risk management mechanisms than is generally found in current standards.
Translation and Transformation: English-Language Children's Literature in (Soviet) Russian Guise

This article investigates the perceived image of English-language children's literature in Soviet Russia. Framed by Even-Zohar's polysystem theory and Bourdieu's philosophy of action, the discussion takes into account the ideological constraints of the practice of translation and the manipulation of texts. Several factors involved in creating the perceived character of a body of literature are identified, such as the requirements of socialist realism, publishing practices in the Soviet Union, the tradition of free translation and accessibility in the translation of children's literature. This study explores these factors and, with reference to selected examples, illustrates how the political and sociological climate of translation in the Soviet Union influenced the translation practices and the field of translated children's literature, creating a particular image of English-language children's literature in (Soviet) Russia.
غلامحسين صديقی؛ بنيان گذار جامعه شناسی در ايران

This article reviews Gholam Hossein Sadiqi's life both as a popular political leader and a well-respected academician.It also elaborates on his pioneering role not only in the introduction of sociology as a discipline to Iranian academic institutions but also in terms of his contribution to the development of the field of Iranian social history.
Sadiqi began teaching sociology in the University of Tehran in 1940 and later, with Ehsan Naraqi's assistance, founded the Institute of Social Studies and Research. However, his popularity, even among Iranian intellectuals, emanated more from his nationalist tendencies and upright political positions than from his scholarly accomplishments. In fact, he was best known as a nationalist who was, somewhat reluctantly, brought onto the political arena during the oil nationalization period of 1951-53. Despite occasional differences with Dr. Mosaddeq, he served him faithfully as minister of interior and later as deputy prime minister. After his arrest, following Mosaddeq's fall, Sadiqi continued to defended his policies fearlessly. Later on, during early 1960's, he emerged as one of the most prominent leaders of the Second National Front. On the eve of the 1979 Islamic revolution, Sadiqi briefly considered accepting Shah's offer to become his prime minister, but eventually rejected the offer, when, among other things, Shah insisted on leaving Iran.
In his academic life, Sadiqi was a pioneer in the field of Iranian social history. He was particularly attracted to popular movements against oppressive or alien rule. His doctoral dissertation, in the University of Paris, was about religious movements in Iran in the two centuries following the arab conquest. His later research projects centered on Iran's constitutionalist movement and political parties. Sadiqi was also well acquainted with the primary sources of Iranian history and was instrumental in the selection and publication of a number of these sources.
Nearly half a century after its publication, Sadiqi's doctoral dissertation which is partly an analysis of the concepts of social historiography and partly a comprehensive survey of historical sources, data and documents, continues to be a major contribution to the subject. It is not only a treatise on the political, social and cultural causes of religious movements and uprisings but also a concise yet pioneering historical survey of seven major religious movements in early Islamic Iran.
Management of intellectual capital in textile companies of the state of Ceará

The new context of the knowledge-based economy demands from companies new techniques and forms of business administration. The amount of organizational knowledge has become the most preeminent resource among the company’s assets and its management and measurement should be prioritized. In view of the importance of the intellectual assets in the context of the contemporary economy and the need for a better knowledge of the process of managing the intellectual assets in companies in the state of Ceara, this paper identifies the main characteristics of the process of management of the intellectual capital through a field study on for textile companies in the state of Ceara, Brazil. In order to carry out this exploratory-descriptive study of a qualitative nature, which was conducted in January and February of 2004, the primary data were collected by using the technique of semi-structured interviews with company managers. It was found that no single company already has an already implemented project or program to manage its intellectual assets. The management of financial indicators continues to be prioritized by the companies, demonstrating that the traditional administration prevails over new approaches. Despite being non-expressive, the indicators related to the management of the customer’s capital are the most disseminated ones, whereas the indicators related to the human capital seem to be secondary. Thus, this fact may represent a clear opportunity to further develop studies on this topic, in the light of its strategic importance for the state of Ceara.  management, administration techniques, intellectual assets.
Geophysical investigations in the Strath Halladale-Altnabreac District (northeast Scotland) in relation to radioactive waste disposal

A series of geophysical studies have been carried out over the Strath Halladale Granite (around Altnabreac, northeast Scotland) as part of a multidisciplinary reasearch programme into the suitability of granitic rocks for radioactive waste disposal. Regional gravity and aeromagnetic data have been interpreted to investigate the structural setting of the Strath Halladale Granite. Ground magnetic and VLF surveys have been carried out to test their effectiveness in defining lithlogical variations, faults, and fracture zones beneath the ubiquitous cover of peat and moraine. Interpretations of the gravity and magnetic data suggest that the granite is a composite body approximately 3–4 km thick, comprising a dominant moderately magnetic variety with a subordinate (more evolved) nonmagnetic variety on the southeast margin. The intrusion apparently extends at shallow depth beneath Moine metasedimentary rocks east of the mapped contact at Altnabreac. The ground magnetic data indicate that the main body of (moderately magnetic) granite is interspersed with zones of less magnetic rock (Moine metasedimentary xenoliths and/or the more evolved variety of granite) and basic intrusions. Prominent lineaments in the magnetic field suggest dipping sheets of magnetically contrasting material, or faulted contacts. The VLF-EM results indicate a number of anomalies which probably relate to fracture zones or lithological contacts.
Modeling Physical Systems by Complex Structural Objects and Complex Functional Objects

This paper describes the general properties of complex objects in engineering designs. There are two types of complex objects: (i) the complex structural objects which describe the physical composition of the design, and (ii) the complex functional objects which describe the behavior of the design and its components. Data manipulation operations on complex structural objects are governed by a set of structural invariants. Similarly, the validation of functional abstraction is governed by a set of functional invariants. The structure-function interactions are represented by interaction objects that describe a set of mappings. These three object types constitute the Structure-Function paradigm. The S-F paradigm can be used to represent engineering designs and active environments, monitor manufacturing operations and industrial processes, and carry out simulations.
Extension of flood basalt on the northwestern continental margin of India

The Deccan Continental Flood Basalt (DCFB) in central western India is a large igneous province that covers almost one-sixth area of India. It is erupted in less than 1 million years during the magnetic chron 29 r ($$\sim $$∼65.6–64.8 Ma) through the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. It is believed that nearly an equivalent area of flood basalt, adjoining the DCFB, is submerged on the northwestern continental margin of India (NWCMI). Onshore information on the DCFB is widely reported in geological and geophysical studies. However, knowledge on the offshore extent of flood basalt is poorly known because of paucity of marine geophysical data and lack of an appropriate approach to determine the flood basalt. To fill this gap in knowledge, P-wave velocity in flood basalt as a proxy, drilled wells results, and published seaward dipping reflectors are used to delineate flood basalt extent on the NWCMI. The results of the study reveal that P-wave velocity in the flood basalt varies from 4.1 to 5.2 km/s. Apart from some isolated basement-high features, it is found that flood basalt lies below sediment and carpets the entire NWCMI extending up to the Laxmi–Laccadive ridges. The depth of occurrence of flood basalt ranges from 800 to 7400 m, with a maximum thickness of $$\sim $$∼3900 m in the eastern part of the Laxmi basin. The article presents preliminary results about the extension of flood basalt on the western continental margin of India which may be useful for researchers and Indian oil industries planning exploration activities in Mesozoic sediment of the margin for hydrocarbon prospects.