nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Indonesia : from Sabang to Merauke

Journeying largely by bus and on foot, John Keay travelled from west to east across the Indonesian archipelago for four months, and in this book he recounts his experiences. From the forests and the rice-fields, half-forgotten kingdoms of a glorious antiquity assume contemporary relevance; from the coastal plains and myriad isles come tales of trade and trauma which knit the nation together; and from more recent history tumble the bizarre celebrities - generals, film stars, travellers, temptresses, anthropologists and demagogues - who have called the country theirs. Keay's other books include "Into India" and "The Honourable Company". He is the general editor of "The Royal Geographical Society's History of World Exploration", and joint editor of "Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland".
Using modern design methods to improve metallurgical machinery students' innovation ability and the research of its application

It is an urgent requirement to train high-quality innovative talents and enhance students' innovate ability for colleges and universities in teaching and research. It was analyzed in this paper that the common modern design methods was used to the cultivation of students' innovative ability of metallurgical machinery, which was introduced to the professional teaching of metallurgical machinery. Taking computer-aided design, computer aided engineering, optimization design and reliability design of modern design methods as examples and through the study of the backup rollers of existing ZR mill in rolling mill machinery, the students' innovate ability was greatly enhanced, and it was of great significance to improve comprehensively the quality of higher education and the talent powerful strategies.
Complex education program “Project Seminar” to meet today and tomorrow needs of fast developing optical-electronic industry

New complex education program “Project Seminar” developed in the Department of Applied Mathematics of Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics (MIEM) belong to National Research University Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE) is presented. The aim of our program is to train students for needs of high-tech industry being equipped with ERP systems. The complex program based on Project-Based Learning concept supported with Business Game and practical training at the optical-electronic enterprise where students are involved in creation and implementation some modules/subsystems of ERP system. Thus students were educated in accordance with modern principles, which help them through studying and a research process to build their own learning schema and to get their training results approved by real useful application.
Using Transaction Level Modeling techniques for wireless sensor network simulation

Wireless Sensor Networks are gaining more and more importance in various application fields. Often, energy autonomy on the node level is an essential nonfunctional constraint to be met. Therefore, when simulating such networks, the energy consumption on the node level has to be included into the simulation. To make this time consuming task feasible, an overall simulation speedup on the network level is desirable. In this paper, we propose to use techniques similar to those used in Transaction Level Models of Bus Systems.
Visualisation for performance tuning of DVSM applications

Small organisations can now have access to high raw processing power using networks of workstations (NOW) as parallel computing platforms. Distributed Virtual Shared Memory (DVSM) packages have been developed to facilitate the programming of such systems. However, because of the high interprocess latencies in a NOW, the performance of a DVSM application is more susceptible to the partitioning of the problem than what might be expected. The paper presents an approach for a tool to visualise the execution of a program in a way that highlights performance bottlenecks. The tool associates identified bottlenecks with the corresponding source code lines in order to determine what piece of code is the cause of poor performance. The visualisation technique is demonstrated in two case studies. They clearly show that the visualisation is indeed useful and provides an effective way to acquire an understanding of what characterises an application sharing behaviour.
A DENSITY DETERMINATION BY UNDERGROUND GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS IN MICHIGAN

The in situ density of an 1,100‐ft section of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the southeastern portion of the Michigan Basin was determined by the established method of observing the change in gravity over a known vertical interval within the earth. The measurements were made in and adjacent to the Detroit Mine (Sec. 33, T2S, R11E) of the International Salt Company in Detroit, Michigan, which is the only deep shaft mine in the Southern Peninsula of Michigan.
The influence of geology on the urban development of São Paulo City, Brazil

The paper discusses the city of Sao Paulo, one of the largest cities in the world, situated at the head of a basin drained by the Tiete River. This important river played a major role in the exploration and colonization of a large portion of South America by Europeans in the XVI and XVII centuries. Some of the geological characteristics in this region are quite unique. The paper is an attempt to analyse the relationship between these characteristics and Sao Paulos tremendous growth in population, reviewing the urban development of the city and showing how the hydro-geological factors affected its growth. A historical overview, from its foundation to the present day, is then presented in terms of: environment, site selection, natural resources and social factors.
Retrospective perception of parental child-rearing practices in three culturally different college groups

Retrospective perceived child-rearing practices reported by three culturally different groups of college students—Latin Americans (n = 164), CubanAmericans (n = 127), and Anglo-Americans (n = 154)—on sixteen parent practices variables were compared using a 2 (sex) × 3 (cultural group) multivariate analysis of covariance with social class as the covariate. Cuban-American mothers were perceived as more similar to Anglo than to Latin mothers, specifically in their use of disciplinary techniques. Cuban-American mothers and fathers were perceived as applying the greatest amount of achievement pressure. Anglo fathers were perceived as using physical punishment significantly more than Cuban and Latin American fathers. Overall the results provide some support for previous findings in the literature but indicate that the results in the literature on child-rearing practices comparing Anglos to Mexicans and Mexican-Americans are not easily generalizable to other Hispanic or Latin American groups.
Impact of new ICT trends for the educational curriculum in the area of Industrial Automation and engineering

This paper discusses, how current trends in the area of information, communication and control technologies (ICCT, e.g. Industry 4.0, Cyber-physical systems) are influencing the profile of an educational curriculum in the area of Industrial Automation engineering. The approach implemented by the University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer in Germany, introducing a dedicated Master degree, as well as different facilities and students projects, is presented as an example.
Cation Transport during Ion Exchange on Acid Phosphates of Multivalent Metals

The kinetics of an exchange of a proton for alkali metal cations in such layered acid phosphates of multivalent elements as HxY(PO4)2 · nH2O (Y = Ti, Zr, x = 2; or Y = Ta, x = 1), where cations are rather mobile, is studied by a potentiostatic-titration method. The kinetics of the ion exchange in the phosphates is controlled by a two-dimensional cation diffusion through the layer of the forming exchange product. Coefficients of the cation diffusion in the exchange products and basic mechanisms of the defect formation in the phosphates are determined. The nonequilibrium phases with a large substitution degree, which form on the sample surface during the first stage of an exchange, substantially affect the process kinetics.
A Protective Process Model of Parent-Child Affective Quality and Child Mastery Effects on Oppositional Behaviors

This article examines a model of the effects of parent-child affective quality and young adolescent sense of mastery on young adolescent oppositional behaviors. In addition to a direct effect of sense of mastery on oppositional behaviors, the model includes direct and indirect effects of parent-child affective quality on those behaviors, as well as across-time effects of oppositional behaviors on affective quality. Because the data were obtained from family competency-building intervention studies, the model controls for family attendance in the intervention. Results from covariance structure modeling, using data from a sample of families participating in an initial intervention study ( n = 171), generally supported the hypothesized model. The model was then tested with an independent sample of 361 families. Results from the second sample were consistent with results from the initial model test.
Beyond Market: Institutions of Governance in the Complex World (Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics 2009 - Oliver Williamson and Elinor Ostrom)

(Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics 2009 — Oliver Williamson and Elinor Ostrom) The article surveys the main lines of research conducted by Oliver Williamson and Elinor Ostrom — 2009 Nobel Prize winners in economics. Williamson’s and Ostrom’s contribution to understanding the nature of institutions and choice over institutional options are discussed. The role their work played in evolution of modern institutional economic theory is analyzed in detail, as well as interconnections between Williamson’s and Ostrom’s ideas and the most recent research developments in organization theory, behavioral economics and development studies.
Radiometric Age of the Keppoch Formation, Browns Mountain Group, Northern Mainland of Nova Scotia

The lower Paleozoic Browns Mountain Group of volcanic and sedimentary rocks underlies much of the Antigonish Highlands on the northern mainland of Nova Scotia. The rocks are apparently unfossiliferous and pre-Lower Silurian in age. Volcanic rocks belonging to the Keppoch Formation give a Rb–Sr whole-rock isochron age of 528 ± 40 m.y.; the indicated value for the initial ratio 87Sr/86Sr is 0.7032 ± 0.0020. The apparent stratigraphic age of the lower part of the Browns Mountain Group then is Cambrian with a middle Cambrian age favored.
African Culture and Melville's Art: The Creative Process in Benito Cereno and Moby-Dick

The Tambourine in Glory 2. Benito Cereno and Moby Dick 3. The Hatchet-Polishers, Benito Cereno, and Amasa Delano 4. Cheer and Gloom: Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville on Slave Music and Dance  Chapter XVI from Captain Amasa Delano's A Narrative of Voyages and Travels
History as the story of liberty

Written in 1938 when the Western world had succumbed to the notion that history is a creature of blind force. A reviewer at the time noted the importance of Croce's belief that "the central trend in the evolution of man is the unfolding of new potentialities, and that the task of the historian is to discover and emphasise this trend: the story of liberty". As Croce himself writes, "Even in the darkest and crassest times liberty trembles in the lines of poets and affirms itself in the pages of thinkers and burns, solitary and magnificent, in some men who cannot be assimilated by the world around them." The first edition in English of "History as the Story of Liberty" appeared in London in 1941. The new Liberty Fund edition includes modest improvements to the translation by Folke Leander and arranged by Claes Ryn.
Response Measures to Software Engineering Education in the Internet Era

Training objectives of software engineer education locates in the high-qualified personnel, who meet the social needs of the software industry and combinate the basic theory with practical skill. The paper has elaborated the challenge of software engineer in internet era, for the wide spread of internet technology and development. The necessary reforms must be carried out on software engineer education with the development of technology in software engineer. In this paper, response measures have been proposed from the aspect of training objective, teaching content, teaching method, and teaching mode, to the software engineer education in internet era.
Typicality-based big comment data mining method

The invention discloses a typicality-based big comment data mining method. The method comprises the steps of conducting comment typicality mining modeling, and conducting modeling and formalized definition on comment typicality calculation and the minimum representative comment set mining problem; (2) automatically constructing a typicality comment prototype; (3) conducting minimum comment set mining, and adopting the minimum comment set mining algorithm for screening out one minimum comment set; (4) adopting the BigSimSet parallel computing method, and calling computing nodes in a distributed cluster for processing a similarity comment detection task in a parallel mode. According to the typicality-based big comment data mining method, on the two viewpoints of the cognitive psychology and the viewpoint mining, the user comment typicality balance method is studied, and the minimum comment set with the representativeness is mined on the basis of the method, so that a potential commodity client is helped to know a certain commodity more comprehensively at multiple angles, the user is helped to screen out the needed commodity more accurately, and the user purchase experience is improved.
What Determined the Location of Industry in Belgium, 1896–1961?

Belgium was one of the first continental countries to undergo industrialization and develop an extensive transportation infrastructure during the nineteenth century, completing the integration of its internal market by the early twentieth century. As such, the country is an ideal case study of the driving forces behind the decisions that industries made about where to locate. An analysis of factors embedded in both the Heckscher-Ohlin model and the new economic geography indicates that the main determinant of Belgium’s industrial locational pattern between 1896 and 1961 was proximity to regions with a high market potential.
Nonlinear Control and Combinatorics of Words

This article attempts to bring together some problems in nonlinear control systems and in algebraic combinatorics of words. One the control side recent results in controllability, nilpotent approximating systems, and applications to path planning are surveyed. On the other side, after a brief survey of various bases for free Lie algebras recent developments in the algebraic combinatorics of words are discussed. These two areas are linked together by the applications to and of the Chen series, Fliess series, and product expansions of these series, culminating in the introduction of chronological products. 0  This is a survey article about an area of overlap of nonlinear control theory and algebraic combinatorics. The unifying theme is the increasingly sophisticated treatment, analysis and usage of the Chen-Fliess series. On the control side we restrict our attention to the problems of local controllability, nilpotent approximations and very brieey, the path planning problem. On the combinatorial side we survey the development of the theory of bases for free Lie algebras, and then concentrate on the problem of resolving the identity map on some free algebra, which leads to the problem of nding explicit formulas for the dual bases of the Poincar e-Birkhoo-Witt basis built on bases of the free Lie algebra. In trying to be accessible to audiences of both control theorists and the combina-torists, most topics are motivated at an elementary level, and complete proofs are given only where they are particularly illuminating (mostly in the last sections which unite
On the relationship between transition and inverse opposites in MMTD

Measure of medium truth degree MMTD is a new numerical quantification approach processing vague phenomenon, which has found effective application in some fields. MMTD is based on medium logics ML whose major philosophical background is the opposite that limits the application area of MMTD. To counter de-emphasizing `the greatest difference' between the two sites of inverse opposite concept, the idea of weakening polarization and strengthening transition is presented in this paper. After introducing ML and MMTD in brief, the concepts of transition are described with mathematical and logical methods. Some concepts and lemmas that are the non-increment of Minkovski distance, neighbor-point, least truth formula and least medium formula are given to discuss the relations between inverse opposites and transition. Then, predicate mapping P: {T, F}2→{T, M, F} is constructed, and the sufficient condition for converting transition to opposing polarization is established. The theorem and corollaries relate to P show all cases existed transition may be process as inverse opposites, therefore MMTD can find application in wider fields.
Wear behavior of Al12Si/TiB 2 coatings produced by laser cladding

Composite coatings consisting of an Al–12Si alloy matrix reinforced with TiB 2 particles were prepared by laser cladding, from mixtures of Al–12Si alloy and TiB 2 powders. The coating's microstructure is composed of TiB 2 particles dispersed in a matrix consisting of proeutectic α-Al dendrites and α-Al + Si eutectic. The coatings present a hardness of 156 HV and a wear coefficient of 2.65 × 10 −5  mm 3 /(Nm) in dry sliding wear tests, with a counterbody of AISI 440 C tool steel. The interaction between the sample and the counterbody leads to the formation of a tribolayer containing of a large proportion of oxides of the elements both of the sample and of the counterbody. The formation of this tribolayer can be explained by the oxidation of the tribological pair materials due to the high flash temperatures generated during asperity interactions, followed by cracking of the oxides and consolidation of the debris into a compact surface layer which protects the coating from further wear. Repeated loading causes cracking of the tribolayer and its delamination as the main material removal mechanism.
Electron Microscopy Observations on the Crystallization of Thin Films of Tantalum Oxide

The structure of Ta2O5 has been described in the literature in several different crystallographic forms with varying unit cell lattice parameters as is indicated in Table I. Two aspects of the lattice parameter values in Table I are evident: (a) That a number of the more recent identifications of the structure of Ta2O5 involve unit cells which are large in one dimension; and (b) that there is a definite distinction between the structure ascertained for Ta2O5 in the form of anodic films and Ta2O5in the form of “bulk” crystals.
The invisible author of legal authority

The thrust of this paper addresses how the notion of an author relates to the authority of a law. Drawing from the legal thought of Hobbes, Bentham, and John Austin, the Paper offers a sense of the author as a distinct institutional source of the state. The Paper then addresses the more difficult legal theories in this context: those of HLA Hart, Ronald Dworkin and Hans Kelsen. The clue to the latter as well as the earlier theorists is a presupposed inaccessible author or ghost. The presupposed ghost of the law is crucial to the binding character of a law.
Drawing as memory and survival; painting and its relationship with history

In an interview with Sheila Cabo Geraldo, visual artist Carlos Zilio recalls aspects of a trajectory that turned him into a reference in the field of art in Brazil since the second half of the 1960s. The conversation emphasizes, above all, the artist’s political engagement, his imprisonment and the possible ways of resistance in that period; it also reviews the interaction with his generational peers (Gerchman, Vergara, Dias) with Ibere Camargo and French art historian Hubert Damisch. Finally, it discusses his perception about painting itself and his notion of an encounter with a “ground zero” of painting in the 1970s, projecting its chances of permanence in contemporary times.
The Story of the Ulster Hospital

It is to me a source of very great pride and pleasure to be chosen by the Staff of The Royal Victoria Hospital to give the Scott-Heron Lecture, and, Sir, your kind words do much to allay the acute apprehension which afflicts me at this moment. Francis Hugh Scott, whose bounty has led to the establishment of this lecture, was born in 1865, the son of Robert Scott and Caroline Louise Heron. He was a student of this Hospital, where he won the Malcolm Exhibition, and I am told that he was always particularly proud that he won the Students' Medal at the Ulster Hospital, thus forming a link between himself as our benefactor and the subject of the 1959 lecture. He practised for fifty years in Saintfield, and died in 1946 at the ripe age of 81 years. He was a man of great erudition, with a passion for books. I am old enough to remember that my own teachers held him in great esteem. His bequest was made for the purposes of medical education, and I submit that it comes within his generous provision to look back at the origin and to study the progress of the little hospital which he loved so well. It has been said, probably by Mr. W. M. Thackeray, that "If you wgnt to make a thing really dull, say all there is to be said about it." This is one danger which I may evade this evening, because so much of the early history of the Ulster Hospital is already lost. It was, probably, the first children's hospital to be opened in Belfast, and the story which I shall now try to tell you is one of struggle and achievement, marred by tragedy and frustration. So much has happened in the eighty-seven years which have elapsed that I can spare but little time to remind you of the civic and sociological background against which the Hospital had its origin. Belfast then had a population of about 220,000 people (almnost exactly half of our present population), and was in many respects a thriving and prosperous town. The Belfast General Hospital, now The Royal Victoria Hospital, had been founded in 1792, and at the time I speak of had approximately 176 beds for adults. There were children among the inmates of the workhouse and infirmary on the Lisburn Road, but there is little information …
대학 태권도 코치의 거래적,변혁적 리더십이 선수생활, 일상생활, 그리고 사회승인 만족에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the transactional and transformational leadership of college taekwondo coaches on the satisfaction level of players with their own player life, daily routine life and social approval. The players who registered with College Taekwondo Federation as of May 2009 were selected as the population of the study, and the subjects were selected from the population by convenience sampling, one of non-probability sampling methods. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 195 respondents were analyzed. Multiple regression procedures were utilized, and the level of statistical significance was set at p<.05. The findings of the study were as follows: First, out of the components of the transactional and transformational leadership of college taekwondo coaches, contingent reward and management by exception were identified as the factors that affected the satisfaction level of the players with their player life. Second, out of the factors of the transactional and transformational leadership of college taekwondo coaches, intellectual stimuli had an impact on their satisfaction with daily routine life. Third, their satisfaction with social approval was under the influence of charisma, individualized consideration and intellectual stimuli.