nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Care and Justice: The Perspective of the Passions

Part IV develops a topic only hinted at in the previous chapters (see Part III, Chap. 7): the relationship between care and justice. An inescapable topic, not just because the reflection on care came about as a critique of the liberal justice theories (Rawls), but also because recently the problem of social justice has forcefully emerged in some social movements in the global scenario (from the ‘Arab Spring’ to the indignados). The women care theorists (from Gilligan to Kittay) propose integrating the paradigm of justice, based on the parameters of an abstract individualism and the subjects’ rationality, independence and equality, with the paradigm of care, based on the values of concreteness, affectivity, interdependence and relationality. This proposal to integrate the two, which one can agree with in general, however risks reproposing and legitimizing a purely formal idea of justice: namely, of neglecting the problem of the motivations that are at the basis of the demand for justice. The thesis is proposed that justice also presupposes sentiments and passions (such as compassion, as Nussbaum suggests, and indignation), which are not exclusive to care or the ethics of care. To stress this aspect is to start from the concrete complaints of individuals and groups against injustice; that is, it is to renounce the perfect model of justice and start from injustice, or rather from the reality of injustice (Sen, Renault). If we are to reflect on the passions first of all we can recognize the different nature of the affective motivations at the basis of the demand for justice and distinguish between legitimate complaints and illegitimate claims (as appears clear in the exemplary distinction between indignation and envy). In second place, we can better understand the motivations presiding over care (such as love), so as to avert the vision of care as pure altruism and assistance. Care of the world presupposes integrating the equivalent logic of justice with the asymmetric logic of care.
Whiteheadian Societies and Peirce's Law of Mind: Actuality and Potentiality in the Cosmic Process

more suitable philosophical position to counter the claims of scientific materialism re the nature of physical reality can possibly be found in combining the metaphysics of A.N. Whitehead and C.S. Peirce. Peirce postulated a habit-forming tendency or inbuilt potentiality of the cosmic process as a whole to move over time toward ever greater organization and more complex structure. But he is vague on how “the law of the mind” applies to nature below the level of human self-awareness. Whitehead's notion of actual entities (momentary self-constituting subjects of experience) as the “final real things of which the world is made up” logically allows for some primitive form of subjectivity with the requisite potentiality for habit-formation at all levels of existence and activity within nature. In addition, Whitehead's notion of structured societies made up of subsocieties with a “regnant” subsociety seems philosophically to justify the new emphasis on bottom-up rather than top-down causation in the e...
Lightweight Robust Framework for Workload Scheduling in Clouds

Reliability, security and stability of cloud services without sacrificing too much resources have become a desired feature in the area of workload management in clouds. The paper proposes and evaluates a lightweight framework for scheduling a workload which part could be unreliable. This unreliability could be caused by various types of failures or attacks. Our framework for robust workload scheduling efficiently combines classic fault-tolerant and security tools, such as packet/job scanning, with workload scheduling, and it does not use any heavy resource consuming tools, e.g., cryptography or non-linear optimization. More specifically, the framework uses a novel objective function to allocate jobs to servers and constantly decides which job to scan based on a formula associated with the objective function. We show how to set up the objective function and the corresponding scanning procedure to make the system provably stable, provided it satisfies a specific stability condition. As a result, we show that our framework assures cloud stability even if naive scanning-all and scanning-none strategies are not stable. We extend the framework to decentralized scheduling and evaluate it under several popular routing procedures.
Classical Humanism and Republicanism in English Political Thought 1570–1640: Bibliography

The Journal of British Studies, founded in 1961, is published by the University of Chicago Press under the auspices of the North American Conference on British Studies (NACBS). It was the result of the imaginative generosity of a Trinity College alumnus, Frederick E. Hasler (Hon. LL.D. 1957), who contributed funds to the college for the specific purpose of establishing a learned periodical in the field of British history. The North American Conference on British Studies is a scholarly society affiliated with the American Historical Association and open to anyone in the United States and Canada interested in British civilization in its several aspects: historical, archaeological, literary, artistic, political, and sociological. Its North American constituency comprises about eight hundred members drawn from the fifty states and ten provinces. Affiliated with the parent organization are seven regional conferences (New England, Middle Atlantic, South, Midwest, Western, Pacific Coast, and Northwest) each having its own officers and programs and with a combined membership of more than two thousand. The Conference convenes at least once a year in the autumn, usually in joint session with one of its regional affiliates. It is concerned with advancing and promoting all aspects of the study of British history and culture through its publication program and through meetings, book prizes, and association with likeminded organizations in North America, Britain, and elsewhere.
Taking Digital Ecosystems to SMEs A European case study

The digital business ecosystem (DBE) project experimented with new ways of bringing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) into a major R&D project. Such involvement is an important factor in projects where the R&D performers are not the exploiters. The project utilised the social capital of regional actors, and conceptualised a certain kind of SME, known as driver SMEs. The strategy adopted has worked for this project and has provided a basis for self-sustained post-project expansion. In doing so it has created a model that could easily be adopted by other projects, both in Digital Ecosystems and beyond.
EVOLVING THE NARROW LANGUAGE FACULTY: WAS RECURSION THE PIVOTAL STEP?

A recent proposal (Hauser, Chomsky & Fitch, 2002) suggests that the crucial defining property of human language is recursion. In this paper, following a critical analysis of what is meant by the term, I examine three reasons why the recursion-only hypothesis cannot be correct: (i) recursion is neither unique to language in humans, nor unique to our species, (ii) human language consists of many properties which are unique to it, and independent of recursion, and (iii) recursion may not even be necessary to human communication. Consequently, if recursion is not the key defining property of human language, it should not be granted special status in an evolutionary account of the system.
Lack of Profit Loss Sharing in Islamic Banking:Management and Control Imbalances

An imbalance between management and control rights is attributed as a major cause of lack of Profit Loss Sharing (PLS) in the practice of Islamic finance. Given this dichotomy, the agency problem gets accentuated, which may put the PLS at a disadvantage vis-à-vis other modes of financing. However, there is no theoretical reason to believe that PLS is inherently inefficient. In certain circumstances, this in fact may serve some important economic function.
Feminist locations : global and local, theory and practice

Contemporary feminist scholarship has done much to challenge the many binary constructions at the heart of Western culture: white/nonwhite, theory/practice, and, most notably, masculine/feminine. Feminist criticism has reshaped these conceptions by breaking them apart and reconfiguring them into intersecting, relational fields of difference. The contributors to this collection look to the future of feminist theory and practice, specifically in terms of their complex relationship with the global and local configurations of postmodernity. In the first part of this book, current feminist theory is assessed for possible future directions. Part two focuses primarily on political issues and part three on questions of the body. Topics include feminist success versus social backlash, global womens human rights, postcolonial feminism, the politics of reproduction, and narratives of womens aging in postmodern culture.  Karen Barad, Anne C. Bellows, Charlotte Bunch, Nao Bustamante, Elaine K. Chang, Marianne DeKoven, Leela Fernandes, Susan Stanford Friedman, Coco Fusco, Radha S. Hegde, Cheryl Johnson-Odim, E.
Insights into the roles of the morphological carbon structure and ash in the sorption of aromatic compounds to wood-derived biochars.

Currently, it is still lack of systematic and in-depth knowledge regarding the co-effect of carbon-based fractions and ash in the sorption behavior of biochars. Therefore, pristine wood-derived biochars (PBCs) produced at different temperatures and their corresponding de-ashed versions (DBCs) were used to determine the roles of carbon's morphological structure and ash in sorption of aromatic compounds (toluene, m-toluidine, and m-nitrotoluene) to biochars. The results showed that biochars produced at 300-400 °C (mainly uncarbonized organic matter, UCOM) and 900 °C (turbostratic carbon, TC) may have stronger partition effect and pore filling effect with π-π interaction, respectively, and thus have greater sorption coefficients (Lg Kd) than biochars produced at 600 °C (pyrogenic amorphous carbon, PAC), which are probably dominated by surface hydrophobic effect. Meanwhile, TC had a greater Lg Kd than UCOM at low adsorbate concentrations (Ce), but exhibited an opposite trend at high Ce. The Lg Kd values of DBCs are always greater than those of PBCs, indicating ash has an inhibitory effect on sorption of aromatic compounds to biochars. Furthermore, the role of ash in sorption behavior of PBCs would vary with solution pH. At a neutral pH, PBCs have the maximum sorption quantity for aromatic compounds due to the formed cation-π bond between cations of ash and aromatic compounds. However, the acidic pH enhanced the dissolution of cations in ash and the basic pH enhanced the hydroxylation of cations in ash. Therefore, both acidic and basic pH weakened the cation-π bond between ash and aromatic compounds and decreased the sorption of aromatic compounds on PBCs. The results suggest that de-ashed biochars with more UCOM or TC are effective sorbents for sequestration of aromatic compounds, and provide a well-designed method for improving the sorption efficiency of biochars.
Multi-walled carbon nanotube-based gas sensors for NH 3 detection

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) based gas sensors for detecting gaseous molecules of ammonia (NH3) were developed. MWNTs were prepared using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The gas sensors, in which the nanotubes laid under the electrodes, were fabricated using electron-beam lithography and lift-off techniques. It is found that the conductance of MWNTs decreases when the sensors successively exposed to NH3 gas at room temperature of 25 °C. The MWNT-based sensors are sensitive to NH3 gas. This suggests that the MWNTs could be a good candidate material for NH3 detection at room temperature.
The birth of shell forms without computers - a student construction workshop

Of particular interest is the investigation of various parameters and design drivers in the design and construction process of such lightweight structures. Also of interest is the use, or the lack of computer technology in the process of lightweight shell form-finding. 
 
The late Heinz Isler notably form-found, and quite prolifically, concrete shell structures without the use of complex computer software and scripting programmes, but by the artful mastery of resin hanging models. This interestingly counterpoints the state of modern day form-finding techniques. In recent years, the computer and new materials has made the construction, manufacture and assembly of structures of complex geometries in architectural, structural and civil engineering design more accessible than ever. 
 
This paper describes a student workshop conducted in March at Sheffield Hallam University in 2013 called Material Connection. This builds on the ideas and works of the author in architectural education and as a technology investigator of construction of shell construction. 
 
The construction workshop was open to all students in architecture and architectural technology streams dealt with formfinding of shells using physical models – a methodology employed by the great shell designers before and at the beginning of the advent of sophisticated computational software. 
 
The paper reports a construction workshop which students designed and investigated the structural behaviour of timber gridshells. Following the construction of the gridshell, fabric concrete patented Concrete Canvas was used to drape over it, where this material was hydrated and left to set in the creation of a shell. 
 
This reports the findings of such a system where the tripartite ideas of Billington’s ideas/ framework of structural artists (1983) : aesthetics, economy and efficiency will be presented, discussed and evaluated
Проблема стилистических истоков старообрядческой иконописи горнозаводского Урала в отечественной историографии

This article characterizes the basic steps of studying the stylistic origins of Ural's Old Believer's icon painting. While analyzing the researches a special attention was given to their original and methodological basics, which made it possible to trace the process of changing the approaches to Ural's icon painting from specifically art critical to complex, which included both art critical and historical methods of research.
The role of the hydrophobic bonding in P-450 and the effect of organic compounds on the conversion of P-450 to P-420.

The conversion of cytochrome P-450 to P-420 by organic solvents was studied. The transition concentrations of ureas used for conversion of P-450 to P-420 were, in decreasing order: urea, N -methylurea, 1,1-dimethylurea, ethylurea, tetramethylurea, 1,3-diethylurea. Similar results were obtained with amides. The transition concentrations of anilines and phenols closely paralleled the π values of the organic compounds. To maintain the structure which gives P-450 its unusual properties in comparison with other known hemoproteins, the hydrophobic bonding in P-450 appears to play an important role in that it binds the heme plane to the apoprotein.
Preliminary Report on Whitemud Oil Field, Alberta, Canada

The Whitemud oil field of the Edmonton district is described as known to date. It produces Leduc-type high-gravity oil from the "Quartz Sand series" of the Lower Cretaceous. Structure is believed to be anticlinal with stratigraphic conditions closely controlling the position on structure of producible oil accumulations. Dips are extremely gentle and are thought to have originated from differential compaction of the Cretaceous rocks over irregularities on the eroded Devonian surface as well as differential uplift in post-depositional time. Possible ages and origins of the oil are discussed. The name, "Ellerslie member" of the Blairmore formation, is proposed to designate the sediments currently known as the Lower Cretaceous "Quartz Sand series" in the Edmonton-Leduc district. The Imperial's Whitemud well No. 3 is proposed as the type well-log, since no outcrops are definitely recognized as equivalents of this sand, due primarily to its lenticular nature.
Market Transition: An Assessment of the State of the Field

Dramatic changes in global politics and economics have led a large number of economies to undergo transition from socialism to some form of market system. Sociologists have taken advantage of economic transition to develop and test ideas about basic social processes; this article assesses the state of the rich but contentious new literature that has resulted. The article provides a review and evaluation of sociological research that explores the two aspects of transition that have attracted the greatest attention: the nature of the transition process and the consequences of transition for stratification and mobility. The authors address the two theoretical approaches—institutional and corporatist—that have been the center of intense debate regarding transition and evaluate the empirical evidence for each. The authors argue that empirical evidence provides support for elements of each but that detailed scope conditions and more nuanced arguments are critical.
Impact of Disclosure and Corporate Governance on the Association Between Fair Value Gains and Losses and Stock Returns in the Commercial Banking Industry

In this paper, I examine the relations between risk management disclosures, governance, and the market pricing of the fair value gains and losses (FVGL) for US commercial bank holding companies (banks). I find that banks with strong corporate governance disclose more about their risk management practices and that the market pricing of the FVGL increases with the level of disclosure. The disclosure’s effect on the market pricing of the FVGL is more pronounced for banks during periods of crisis, for banks with risky assets, and for banks with poor performance. Further analysis shows that subcategories of disclosure have different roles to play under different risk conditions. Overall, the evidence in this paper suggests that market participants perceive the FVGL of banks with high disclosure and strong corporate governance as more relevant and reliable. One potential interpretation is that disclosure aids market participants in evaluating the quality of the FVGL.
Composites of polypropylene melt blended with synthesized silica nanoparticles

Spherical and layered silica nanoparticles synthesized by the sol–gel method were melt blended with a polypropylene matrix in order to quantify their effect on thermal and mechanical behaviours of the resulting polymer composites. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that spherical nanoparticles were dispersed in the polymer matrix whereas layered particles display tactoid and agglomerated structures. By thermogravimetric analysis, it was observed that independent of the particle aspect ratio, the nanofillers render larger thermal degradation stabilization to the polymer matrix under oxidative conditions than under inert atmosphere. Noteworthy, the largest improvements were found by using spherical nanoparticles in presence of a compatibilizer. These results allow the conclusion that the physical/chemical adsorption of the volatile products on the particle surface during the oxidative degradation is the plausible mechanism behind the thermal stabilization. Tensile stress–strain tests otherwise showed that composites with spherical nanoparticles can display similar or even larger elastic modulus than composites with layered particles showing that the polymer/particle entanglement could be the mechanism for the load transfer in these nanocomposites.
Software engineering: the current practice by Vaclav Rajlich

This book was a hard book for me to review – not because it is a hard book to read – on the contrary – it was a great read – it is just I had a hard time finding the time to review the book because it was a good book to read and I couldn't find the time to read it.  The Current Practice is a title that may cause some reviewers to ask " What is the current practice anyway and how can anyone claim that this is definitively the most 'current' practice they are describing? " (I did at least). As I read it, I was very critical at first, but then I understood that this was an entirely different approach to teaching Software Engineering and that it could really help students (and practitioners) better understand recent advances in software engineering – and become better software engineers Why? Because metaphorically speaking, the cart is in place behind the horse, where more software engineering takes place. What I am saying is that this book explains software engineering not from a constructionist point of view, but from a change/maintenance perspective – meaning most of the time you need to read/analyze programs rather than write them (though there is plenty of material in the book to support green field development). The book is organized into 4 sections. The first section, INTRODUCTION, consists of 4 chapters. It provides a short " History of Software Engineering " (what fits into 12 pages), next it sets the stage for motivating the rationale for focusing on software change in " Software Life Span Models " , then spends 12 pages on " Software Technologies " (i.e., Programming Languages and Compilers, Object-Oriented Technology, and Version Control System) before ending with a chapter on " Software Models " that reviews some of the basics of UML. Each chapter nicely ends with " Further Readings and Topics " , a set of Exercises and References. Section II (7 chapters) is titled SOFTWARE CHANGE and includes such topics as: Impact Analysis (preparing for change), Actualization (performing the change), Refactoring (improving on the change while making the change), and Verification (testing the change). This section concludes with a discussion on the build process and preparing for future changes by creating a new baseline. The third section, SOFTWARE PROCESSES, consists of 4 chapters with a good treatment …
The Association Between Client and Therapist Interpersonal Processes and Outcomes in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

The associations between interpersonal process variables and psychotherapy outcome were investigated by comparing five individual psychotherapy cases with good outcomes and four with poor outcomes. The structured analysis of social behavior model was used to analyze therapist and client behaviors in Sessions 3, 5, and 15 of 20 sessions of psychotherapy. The results indicated the following: Therapists in the good-outcome group were significantly more "helping and protecting" in each of the three sessions; clients in the good-outcome group were significantly (a) more "trusting and relying" overall and in Session 3, (b) less "walling off and avoiding" in Session 3, (c) less "asserting and separating" overall and in Session 15, (d) more "disclosing and expressing" in Session 15, and (e) less "watching and managing" in Session 15. Additionally, therapists in both outcome groups were significantly less "helping and protecting" in Session 5, compared to the other two sessions. Implications for practice and furth...
Preparation and characterization of high quality diamond films by DC arc plasma jet CVD method

Under optimal conditions free-standing high quality diamond films were prepared by DC arc plasma jet CVD method at a growth rate of 7-10 μm/h. Surface and cross section morphologies of the diamond films were observed by SEM. Raman spectrometer was used to characterize the quality of diamond films. The IR transmittivity measured by IR spectrometer is close to the theoretical value of about 71% in the far infrared band. The thermal conductivity measured by photothermal deflection exceeds 18 W/cm·K. 〈110〉 is the preferential growth orientation of the films detected by X-ray diffractometer. As s result, the extremely high temperature of DC arc plasma jet can produce supersaturated atomic hydrogen, which played an important role in the process for the deposition of high quality diamond films.