nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Release of substituents from phenolic compounds during oxidative coupling reactions.

Phenolic compounds originating from plant residue decomposition or microbial metabolism form humic-like polymers during oxidative coupling reactions mediated by various phenoloxidases or metal oxides. Xenobiotic phenols participating in these reactions undergo either polymerization or binding to soil organic matter. Another effect of oxidative coupling is dehalogenation, decarboxylation or demethoxylation of the substrates. To investigate these phenomena, several naturally occurring and xenobiotic phenols were incubated with various phenoloxidases (peroxidase, laccase, tyrosinase) or with birnessite (delta-MnO(2)), and monitored for chloride release, CO(2) evolution, and methanol or methane production. The release of chloride ions during polymerization and binding ranged between 0.2% and 41.4%. Using the test compounds labeled with 14C in three different locations (carboxyl group, aromatic ring, or aliphatic chain), it was demonstrated that 14CO(2) evolution was mainly associated with the release of carboxyl groups (17.8-54.8% of the initial radioactivity). Little mineralization of 14C-labeled aromatic rings or aliphatic carbons occurred in catechol, ferulic or p-coumaric acids (0.1-0.7%). Demethoxylation ranged from 0.5% to 13.9% for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and syringic acid, respectively. Methylphenols showed no demethylation. In conclusion, dehalogenation, decarboxylation and demethoxylation of phenolic substrates appear to be controlled by a common mechanism, in which various substituents are released if they are attached to carbon atoms involved in coupling. Electron-withdrawing substituents, such as -COOH and -Cl, are more susceptible to release than electron-donating ones, such as -OCH(3) and -CH(3). The release of organic substituents during polymerization and binding of phenols may add to CO(2) production in soil.
Do welfare benefits cause the welfare caseload?

Analyses of the welfare system generally examine one of five competing models: (1) The work disincentive model; (2) the human capital model; (3) the macroeconomic model; (4) the public choice model; or (5) the cost-of-job-loss model. This paper employs the Granger causality concept and the multiple-rank F statistic to test the implications of all five of these models simultaneously. The results offer modest support to all but the macroeconomic model. The relationships among welfare benefits, caseloads, and labor market conditions appear to be too complex to be fully captured by a single model.
Autoxidation of N-hydroxyphenylalkylamines: the inhibitory effect of some anions on copper catalysed autoxidation of N-hydroxyphentermine.

The inhibitory effect of certain electrolytes and buffers on the copper catalysed autoxidation of N-hydroxyphentermine (2-hydroxylamino-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane) has been investigated. The presence of ions such as SO4(2-), Cl- or Br- markedly reduced the rate of oxidation. Phosphate and carbonate buffers had a similar effect with halides and phosphate buffers being the most inhibitory. The occurence of 2-methyl-2-nitro-1-phenylpropane and 2-methyl-1-phenylpropene-(1) as secondary oxidation products was also established.
Role of Fatty Acid in Controlling Nucleation and Growth of CdS Nanocrystals in Solution

We report here the role of free fatty acid in the synthesis of CdS nanocrystals following a well-developed colloidal synthetic procedure using cadmium carboxylate as cadmium and elemental sulfur as sulfur precursor. It is found that fatty acid enhances the reactivity of sulfur precursor, which accelerates the rate of both nucleation and growth of CdS nanocrystals. By controlling this reactivity, high-quality CdS nanocrystals are synthesized at reduced temperature (∼150 °C). This well-known colloidal synthetic method is also found to be a biphasic reaction system where sulfur approaches from the gas phase as H2S and “Cd” from the solution phase.
Work, Performance, and the Social Ethic of Global Capitalism: Understanding Religious Practice in Contemporary India†

This ethnographic essay focuses on the relationship between religious performances and the “strong discourse” of contemporary global capitalism. It explores the subjective meaning and social significance of religious practice in the context of a rapidly expanding mass religious phenomenon in India. The narrative draws on Weber's insights on the intersections between religion and economy, phenomenological theory, performance studies, and Indian philosophy and popular culture. It shows that religion here is primarily a means of performing to and preparing for an informal economy. It gives the chance to live meaningful social lives while challenging the inequities and symbolic violence of an imposing global capitalist social ethic. Unlike exclusive formal institutions that are increasingly governed by neoliberal rationalities, the religious event provides an open and freely accessible yet challenging stage for participants to practice and prove their resolve, gifts, and sincerity. In contrast to the focus on social anomie and the reactionary characterization of contemporary religion in identity-based arguments, this essay demonstrates that religious practice here is simultaneously a way of performing to and performing against a totalizing capitalist social order.
Production/Consumption and the Chinese City/Region: Cultural Political Economy and the Feminist Diamond Ring

The "consumer revolution" in the People's Republic of China emerged after 1992 when the state deepened growth-oriented reform and justified individual consumption as a pillar of economic development. This examination of cultural-economic practices in urban China makes an argument for conceptualizing consumption in relation to production through a modified cultural political economy. It identifies a regional regime in the zone between Shanghai and Hong Kong, with the latter as China's main center of trade in precious metals and gemstones, and citizen-consumer subject formation with "Chinese characteristics." The argument builds on Chinese feminist theory to explain contrasts between PRC state ideology on women's roles in the household and contemporary alternatives in the marketplace. Empirical analysis focuses on the large market for fine jewelry, its disassociation from heteronormative gifting, and its connection with leisure/tourism sites. Conclusions affirm the importance of a cultural political economy...
Impact of the International Reference Pricing on Pharmaceutical Market Access

International reference pricing (IRP) is a process of cost comparison through external reference or cross-reference, which is used by many multinational pharmaceutical companies located in the States of the European Union. The IRP process has been reinforced through the process of mutual recognition of innovative drugs in 1975, the creation of an internal market in the European Union in 1992, and the institution of the European Medical Agency (EMA) in 1995 . Compared to other models, which are based on the evaluation of costs, profits and effectiveness of drugs (value-based pricing), the IRP is a simple process .
Re-Os dating of the Raobazhai ultra mafic massif in North Dabie

The ultramafic massif at Raobazhai in North Dabie is located in the suture zone between the Yangtze craton and North China craton. The Re-Os isotope compositions of the massif are used to decipher the origin and tectonics of the ultramafic rocks involved in continental subduction and exhumation. Fifteen samples were collected from five drill holes along the main SE-NW axis of the Raobazhai massif. Major and trace element compositions of the samples show linear correlations between MgO, Yb and Al2O3. This suggests that the massif experienced partial melting with variable degrees and is from fertile to deplete in basaltic compositions. Nine selected samples were analyzed for Re-Os isotope compositions. Re contents range from 0.004 to 0.376 ng/g, Os contents from 0.695 to 3.761 ng/g,187Re/188Os ratios from 0.022 to 2.564 and187Os/188Os ratios from 0.1165 to 0.1306. These indicate that the massif is a piece of continental lithospheric mantle with variable depletion. Using the positive correlations between187Os/188Os and Yb and Al2O3 respectively, a proxy isochron age of 1.8±0.1 Ga is obtained for the Raobazhai ultramafic massif, which is interpreted to represent a fragment of the ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle. During Triassic subduction of the Yangtze craton beneath the North China craton, part of the wedge of subcontinental lithospheric mantle was intruded into the subduction belt, and then exhumed to crustal level together with the subducted crustal plate after ultrahigh pressure metamorphism at mantle depths. This ancient lithospheric mantle is now exposed as an orogenic peridotite massif.
National survey on implementation of peer specialists in the VA: implications for training and facilitation.

Peer support is fundamental to the promotion of recovery as indicated in the President's New Freedom Commission Report. Five years into the Department of Veterans Affairs' (VA) initiative to hire Peer Specialists (PSs)-individuals with serious mental illnesses assigned to clinical teams to support others with serious mental illnesses-this study explored challenges, facilitators, and progress of PS implementation from a stakeholder group involved in their management.



Ninety-two VA Local Recovery Coordinators (LRCs) from across the nationwide VA mental health system were surveyed about their perceptions about PS hiring, status of implementation, impact, barriers and facilitators to successful employment of PSs, and willingness to support implementation.



The data suggest that PS implementation is going well overall, but challenges remain such as hiring delays, lack of understanding about the PS role, and lack of funding.



Implementation challenges can undermine the employment of PSs. The VA and other organizations using PSs could improve implementation by monitoring the challenges and proactively facilitating the process on an ongoing basis.
D.H. Lawrence : language and being

1.  Competing voices in the early novels 3. The 'metaphysic' of The Rainbow 4. The 'worlds' of Women in Love 5. The personal, the political and the 'Primitive': Aaron's Rod and Kangaroo 6. Sentimental primitivism in The Plumed Serpent 7. 'Love' and 'Chatter' in Lady Chatterley's Lover 8.
An investigation of carbon dioxide capture by chitin acetate/DMSO binary system.

Chitin is considered to be the second most abundant naturally-occurring polysaccharide. Also, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the second highest dielectric constant polar solvent after water. Despite the low solubility of chitin in common organic solvents, and due to its high nitrogen content, it may serve as a potential scrubbing agent "wet scrubbing" for carbon dioxide (CO2) capturing as an alternative to monoethanolamine "renewables for renewables approach". Briefly, a detailed investigation for the utilization of low molecular weight, chitin-acetate (CA) in DMSO for the capturing of CO2 is reported. As carbonation process takes place, the formation of ionic alkylcarbonate was confirmed throughout spectroscopic and computational studies. Supramolecular chemisorption was proven throughout (1)H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((1)H NMR) together with the absence of sorption of CO2 by the monomeric repeating unit, glucosamine hydrochloride. Further, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations supported the formation of the CA/CO2 adduct through a newly formed supramolecular ionic interaction and hydrogen bonding along the oligosaccharide backbone between the neighboring ammonium ion and hydroxyl functional groups. The sorption capacity was measured volumetrically within an in situ Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared coupled (in situ ATR-FTIR) autoclave at 25.0°C, and 4.0bar CO2, with a maximum sorption capacity of 3.63  see text] /gsorbent at 10.0% (w/v).
Herbert Marcuse: La ascensión del totalitarismo en la sociedad postindustrial

In the critical thoughts of H. Marcuse, we find political and philosophical keys that allow us to interpret, without much error, the productivity of the diverse forms of consumption in post-industrialized societies, in which development and technological dominance are determined by an historical process in which intersubjective relations and cultural contexts are ever more united and identified by the phenomenon of globalization. An analysis from a Marcusian perspective helps us to understand how and why capitalist society is animated by the spirit and interest in pragmatic and totalitarian rationality, avoiding the perception in this manner of any social consciousness. For Marcuse, the hidden form of totalitarianism is liberalism, which is self-justified in a peaceful society by the ideology of economic liberty, human rights and innocuous political dissidence.
Time Bounds for Strong and Hybrid Consistency for Arbitrary Abstract Data Types

We compare the costs of three well-known consistency guarantees (sequential consistency, linearizability, and hybrid consistency) for shared memory objects of arbitrary data types, generalizing previous work on specific types. We evaluate the impact of the desired consistency guarantee, the amount of synchrony among the users of the objects, and algebraic properties of a type on the worst-case time complexity of operations of the type. These algebraic properties are sufficient for proving many lower bounds and some upper bounds (even 0, meaning only local computation is required) on the worstcase times. Under certain reasonable assumptions, sequential consistency and linearizability are equally costly in perfectly synchronized systems, linearizable operations are more expensive in approximately synchronized systems than in perfectly synchronized systems, sequentially consistent operations are cheaper than linearizable operations in approximately synchronized systems, and hybrid consistency is not necessarily cheaper than sequential consistency or linearizability.
A Review of 1064-nm Damage Tests of Electron-Beam Deposited Ta 2 O 5 /SiO 2 Antireflection Coatings

Damage tests of Ta 2 O 5 /SiO 2 antireflection films deposited under a variety of conditions showed that thresholds of films deposited at 175 C were greater than thresholds of films deposited at either 250 C or 325 C. Deposition at high rate and low oxygen pressure produced highly absorptive films with low thresholds. Thresholds did not correlate with film reflectivity or net stress in the films, and correlated with film absorption only when the film absorption was greater than 10 4 ppm. Baking the films for four hours at 400 C reduced film absorption, altered net film stress, and produced an increase in the average damage threshold.
Entwicklungswege der baulichen Anlagen in der holzverarbeitenden Industrie

SummaryAfter a short survey on the historical development of the woodworking industries and their architectural plans, examples from different countries are investigated with reference to their economic and geographical position.The different important factors to be considered when designing a woodworking plant are quoted and explained. The author comes to the conclusion that the great number of facts— according to the situation of the plant—inhibits standard lay-outs. In the following building details, as number and utilization of the different storeys, the choice of building materials, the use of pillars in workshops and the advantages of models in planning are explained in detail. The author concludes that every new design brings about the problem how to find the ideal architectural setting for the individual working sections that enables a harmonious production flow. Comparisons with already existing plants may provide valuable hints.
Fast and scalable structure-from-motion based localization for high-precision mobile augmented reality systems

A key problem in mobile computing is providing people access to cyber-information associated with their surrounding physical objects. Mobile augmented reality is one of the emerging techniques that addresses this problem by allowing users to see the cyber-information associated with real-world physical objects by overlaying that cyber-information on the physical objects’ imagery. This paper presents a new vision-based context-aware approach for mobile augmented reality that allows users to query and access semantically-rich 3D cyber-information related to real-world physical objects and see it precisely overlaid on top of imagery of the associated physical objects. The approach does not require any RF-based location tracking modules, external hardware attachments on the mobile devices, and/or optical/fiducial markers for localizing a user’s position. Rather, the user’s 3D location and orientation are automatically and purely derived by comparing images from the user’s mobile device to a 3D point cloud model generated from a set of pre-collected photographs. Our approach supports content authoring where collaboration on editing the content stored in the 3D cloud is possible and content added by one user can be immediately accessible by others. In addition, a key challenge of scalability for mobile augmented reality is addressed in this paper. In general, mobile augmented reality is required to work regardless of users’ location and environment, in terms of physical scale, such as size of objects, and in terms of cyber-information scale, such as total number of cyber-information entities associated with physical objects. However, many existing approaches for mobile augmented reality have mainly tested their approaches on limited real-world use-cases and have challenges in scaling their approaches. By designing a multi-model based direct 2D-to-3D matching algorithms for localization, as well as applying a caching scheme, the proposed research consistently supports near real-time localization and information association regardless of users’ location, size of physical objects, and number of cyber-physical information items. Empirical results presented in the paper show that the approach can provide millimeter-level augmented reality across several hundred or thousand objects without the need for additional non-imagery sensor inputs.
Temperature-activated interfacial friction damping in carbon nanotube polymer composites.

Effect of temperature on interfacial sliding in single-walled carbon nanotube polycarbonate composites is investigated experimentally. We show that interfacial slip at the tube-polymer interfaces can be activated at relatively low dynamic strain levels ( approximately 0.35%) by raising temperature to approximately 90 degrees C. We attribute this to increased mobility of the polymer chain backbones at elevated temperatures and thermal relaxation of the radial compressive stresses at the tube-polymer interfaces. These results show the potential of polymer nanocomposites as high-temperature damping materials for vibration and acoustic suppression in a variety of dynamic systems.
Sorption of apolar aromatic compounds to soil humic acid particles affected by aluminum(III) ion Cross-Linking.

Sorption of hydrophobic compounds in soils often shows nonlinearity, competition, and hysteresis. Since such behaviors have been associated with organic polymers in glassy state, it has been postulated that some forms of soil humic substances are glassy. The glassy state is favored by properties that decrease the flexibility of macromolecules, such as cross-linking, presence of unsaturated bonds, and high molecular weight. Polyvalent metal ions, which are abundant in soils, may cross-link humic substances by coordinating to multiple functional groups on different strands. Accordingly, we prepared an Al(3+)-cross-linked humic acid (Al-HA) from the H(+) form (H-HA) of a soil humic acid by a flocculation technique that leaves Al ions bound to organic groups. Sorption of naphthalene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) on H-HA was nonlinear, competitive, and slightly hysteretic, in agreement with previous studies showing glass transition temperatures of humic acids that lie above room temperature. Nonlinearity, competition, and hysteresis were all enhanced in Al-HA, validating the hypothesis that metal ion cross-linking enhances nonideal sorption. Application of a glassy polymer sorption model reveals that cross-linking increases the affinity of solutes for the hole domain relative to the dissolution domain. The results (i) indicate that isolated, purified soil humic acid behaves like a glassy solid, (ii) indicate that metal-ion cross-linking creates a more rigid-chain structure and supports a link between nonideal sorption and the glassy character of soil organic matter, and (iii) underscore the importance of metal ions on humic structure in relation to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds.
A New Approach to Locality and Causality

In the light of some recent results, it is argued that usual concepts of causality and locality are approximations valid at scales greater than the Compton wavelength and corresponding time scales. It follows that the "spooky" non-locality of Quantum Mechanics is not really so and infact is perfectly consistent with a recently discussed holistic model, which again is corroborated by latest astrophysical and cosmological observations. This approach also provides a rationale for the origin of the metric and points to, what may be called a space time quantization which may be, ultimately, fundamental.
The multiverse of democracy : essays in honour of Rajni Kothari

D L Sheth and Ashis Nandy PART ONE: GLOBALIZED DEMOCRACY: STATE, VIOLENCE AND THE POLITICS OF DEVELOPMENT The  Ali A Mazrui Democracy in the Third World - Samir Amin Democracy and Development - Johan Galtung The Gulf War and the Death of Democracy - Richard Falk 'The Last Hurrah' - Immanuel Wallerstein Democracy and the Wages of War PART TWO: THE POETICS OF DEMOCRACY: CULTURE, KNOWLEDGE AND DEMOCRACTIC PRACTICE On The Spatio-Temporal Conditions of Democratic Practice - R B J Walker The French Revolution Cannot Take Place for Women - Maria Mies Post-Modernism and Democracy - Fred Dallmayr Comments on Voegelin and Lefort From Beyond the Ganges - W H Morris-Jones A Letter from Jawaharlal Nehru Post-Relativism in Emancipatory Thought - Thomas Pantham Gandhi's Swaraj and Satyagraha Political Regeneration in India - James Manor Anthropology as Critical Self-Awareness - T N Madan The Artificialistic Fallacy - Edward Goldsmith
Algebraic points of small height missing a union of varieties

Let $K$ be a number field, $\overline{\mathbb Q}$, or the field of rational functions on a smooth projective curve over a perfect field, and let $V$ be a subspace of $K^N$, $N \geq 2$. Let $Z_K$ be a union of varieties defined over $K$ such that $V \nsubseteq Z_K$. We prove the existence of a point of small height in $V \setminus Z_K$, providing an explicit upper bound on the height of such a point in terms of the height of $V$ and the degree of a hypersurface containing $Z_K$, where dependence on both is optimal. This generalizes and improves upon the previous results of the author. As a part of our argument, we provide a basic extension of the function field version of Siegel's lemma of J. Thunder to an inequality with inhomogeneous heights. As a corollary of the method, we derive an explicit lower bound for the number of algebraic integers of bounded height in a fixed number field.