nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of physical illness in psychiatric patients using axis III and a standardized medical history.

Psychiatrists' axis III diagnoses of physical illnesses in 357 psychiatric patients were compared with diagnoses by a physician's assistant using a standardized medical history form. The physician's assistant detected nearly three times as many physical illnesses as the psychiatrists. The psychiatrists were significantly more likely to miss diagnoses among older patients and women. Patients who met criteria for depressive disorders appeared to be at greatest risk for undetected illnesses, followed by patients with bipolar disorders and schizophrenia. Patients with a secondary diagnosis of substance abuse had significantly more undetected illness than those who did not abuse substances. The authors suggest that current axis III guidelines are inadequate and that a systematic review of physical health problems should be part of the psychiatric diagnostic assessment.
Mineral magnetic analysis of a ‘weathering’ surface within glacigenic sediments at Glanllynnau, North Wales

A number of ‘weathering’ horizons have been identified within glacigenic sediment sequences in North Wales and have been instrumental in determining various proposed Late Quaternary event chronologies. This paper applies the techniques of mineral magnetic analysis to such a sediment sequence at Glanllynnau. The presence (or otherwise) of evidence for weathering processes on the upper surface of the Criccieth Till, which is overlain by further glacial materials, is examined. Despite a marked colour variation between the ‘weathered’ and non-weathered components of the Criccieth Till, their mineral magnetic properties suggest little or no variation in iron oxide assemblages. The consequences of this for the environmental interpretation of the sediment sequence are discussed.
The Halfbreed: A Translation of Balduin Möllhausen's "Der Halbindianer" - eScholarship

This dissertation is the first translation of Balduin Mollhausen's 1861 narrative Der Halbindianer [The Halfbreed]. Although Mollhausen is often mentioned recent scholarship, he is either only named in passing or in connection with Alexander von Humboldt, whose protege he was. The following work and the accompanying introduction seek to intervene in this omission and add to the body of work that seeks to eliminate taxonomies of national origin and instead evaluate American literature as the product of a new cultural and linguistic networks. The Halfbreed appeared after Humboldt's death and marks his foray into fiction. More importantly, published on the eve of the Civil War, Mollhausen aimed to tell a story "that specifically lays out the prejudices of the Americans against those of darker colored skin and their resulting consequences" to his readers. While he certainly addresses slavery and prevailing racial attitudes of the era throughout the text, the unique feature of the novel is the portrayal of the marriage between the protagonist Joseph, the half-breed, and a young German immigrant girl, Franziska. The most well-known nineteenth century novels that address intermarriage are Lydia Maria Child's Hobomok (1824), Catharine Maria Sedgewick's Hope Leslie (1827), and The Wept of Wish-ton-Wish (or The Borderers) by James Fenimore Cooper, which was first printed in 1829. All three novels displace the narrative into early colonial times and portray marriages that are haunted by the specters of war, abduction, and captivity during which white woman are assimilated into Native American culture. The Halfbreed was published roughly three decades later, after the Indians were removed to the west of the Mississippi, which made intermarriage in reality even more rare. Yet, the text portrays the union of the educated, Christianized Joseph to the younger, less educated Franziska as taking place in 1852 or 1853, and although the wedding scene is absent from the narrative, the marriage is successful and described through scenes of domesticity of quotidian reality, mutual acceptance of differences, and as having produced children, thus making the text not only exceptional for its time, but also among Mollhausen's oeuvre.
Competitive Wage Cycles with Imperfect Output Market Competition

We consider a model of a sector in which the same set of oligopolistic firms faces a common labour supply constraint. The wage is given in the short run, adjusting competitively in the longer run. When the costs of job creation are low relative to the degree of output market power, there exists no wage that clears the labour market in the short run, and at some wages there are two equilibria, one with involuntary unemployment and one with unfilled vacancies. The competitive wage dynamics produces a cycle with persistent labour market disequilibrium and recurrent periods of involuntary unemployment.
Electromagnetic Engineering in the 21 st Century: Challenges and Perspectives

This paper aims at a broad-brush look at certain technological and educational challenges that confront wave-oriented electromagnetic (EM) engineering in the 21 st century, in a complex computer and technology-driven world with rapidly shifting societal and technical priorities. Simulation strategies for complex EM systems, both analytic and numerical, are reviewed and categorized, and are illustrated on selected practical complex multicomponent system scenarios currently under investigation in Turkey. Educational issues to ensure proper multidisciplinary exposure of new generations of computer-weaned students, who will have to deal with these problems, are touched upon as well.
Indicators of the impact of R&D on the economy

This paper reviews the literature on the economic effects of R&D and then examines the gaps in our knowledge. While most micro-studies show that R&D raises economic growth, existing knowledge of the mechanisms by which R&D affects productivity and output is sparse, and it is unclear whether the micro-studies can be generalized to the national economy. The paper concludes by examining some possible consequences of the reduced R&D effort by the United States.
Jurisprudence: Text and Readings on the Philosophy of Law

This book is designed for use in courses in law schools and university departments of philosophy. It can serve as a text for basic and ad-vanced courses and seminars. Readings include excerpts of classic works of Aristotle, Aquinas, Locke, Hobbes, Kant, Bentham, and Aus-tin. Provided also are excerpts from standard works of twentieth cen-tury philosophers. The book explores contemporary legal discourse with readings on topics such as sociobiology, Islamic law, the legal process school, legal feminism, and critical legal studies. It reprints leading cases on natural rights/human rights and readings from on-line blogs, op-ed essays, news stories and internet publications.
Daisy Bates and the Little Rock School Crisis: Forging the Way

The August23, 1963 March on Washington was a watershed event. For the first time in our nation's history, Black Americans collectively presented their grievances to a world that had been largely silent toward their battles for freedom. But there was something peculiar about this great moment in American history: Black women were virtually barred from participation, among them Rosa Parks, Diane Nash Revel, Gloria Richardson, and Daisy Bates. "The committee scheduled no female speakers during the entire three-hour program" (Branch, 1988, p. 880). Anna Arnold Hedgeman, author of The TrumphetSounds, recalls that "Mrs. Daisy Bates was asked to say a few words" (quoted in Giddings, 1984, p. 314). Thus the rhetorical space accorded Bates-civil rights activist, journalist, and lecturer-clearly did not reflect the essence of her achievements in the civil rights movement, especially in the South. Having successfully led the integration of Arkansas' Little Rock Central High School in 1957, Bates should have been a premier performer at the March on Washington when Martin Luther King, Jr. articulated and crystallized the Black movement toward justice; instead, she was relegated to the background. Bates spoke out at a time when women were supposed to be seen and not heard. Indeed, she was a key factor in shaping our social and educational history at a moment of constitutional crisis: the
Kinetic characteristics of the enzymatic conversion in presence of cyclodextrins: study of the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by lipoxygenase.

The capability of cyclodextrins (CDs) to greatly enhance the solubility in water of poorly water-soluble substances makes them an ideal alternative system for studying the expression of enzyme activity with such substrates in aqueous solution. In order to evaluate the behaviour of the enzymes in presence of CDs a study of the lipoxygenase (LOX)-catalyzed oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as model reaction has been carried out. This was done by using LOX from two different sources (soybean and potato tuber), at two pH values (6.3 and 9.0), with two substrates (linoleic acid and arachidonic acid) and three types of CD (beta-CD, methyl-beta-CD and monoglucosyl-beta-CD). PUFA have been shown to form inclusion complexes of 1:2 stoichiometry which are in equilibrium with free PUFA and free CD, thus complexation is governed by two equilibrium constants, K1 and K2 (J.M. López-Nicolás et al.,  (1995) 151-154; R. Bru et al., Colloids Surf. 97 (1995) 263-269). For the oxidation of PUFA by LOX in the presence of beta-CD we propose a model in which free PUFA is the only effective substrate, thus the oxidation of the complexed substrate requires the previous dissociation of the complex. The equilibrium constants of complex formation are determined by both a physico-chemical and an enzymatic method. In spite of giving quite similar results, the second was proven to be more accurate so it was employed in further studies. CD was shown to slow down the reaction rate of LOX, specifically due to the increase of Km, Vmax remaining unchanged. That apparent inhibition is due to removal of effective (free) substrate in the form of inclusion complexes. This 'sequestered' substrate can, however, be converted since it is in equilibrium with the free. The feasibility of realizing a CD-mediated accurate control over the conversion rate is demonstrated in the experiment called 'cyclodextrin assay' in which the concentration of the free substrate is calculated by using the equilibrium constants of complex formation and setting the initial concentrations of total substrate and total CD. From the observation of the reaction progress curves in the conditions of the CD assay, we have studied some characteristic parameters of the oxidation of PUFA by LOX in this new medium, such as enzymatic activity, duration of linear product accumulation and the lag phase.
The language of emotions : conceptualization, expression, and theoretical foundation

1. Introduction (by Niemeier, Susanne) 2. I. Theoretical issues in the analysis of emotion 3. Is the "psychologic" of trust universal? (by Smedslund, Jan) 4. The expressive function of language: Towards a cognitive semantic approach (by Foolen, Ad) 5. Toward a semiotic theory of affect (by Oller, Jr., John W.) 6. Emotions as cause and the cause of emotions (by Dirven, Rene) 7. II. The conceptualization of emotions in specific cultures 8. Dholuo emotional language: An overview (by Omondi, Lucia) 9. The prepositions we use in the construal of emotions: Why do we say fed up with by sick and tired of? (by Osmond, Meredith) 10. Space, reference, and emotional involvement (by Inchaurralde Besga, Carlos) 11. Surprise, surprise: The iconicity-conventionality scale of emotions (by Kryk-Kastovsky, Barbara) 12. III. Developmental approaches to emotions 13. The acquisition of verbal expressions for internal states in German: A descriptive, explorative, longitudinal study (by Kauschke, Christina) 14. On the usage of emotional language: A developmental view of the tip of an iceberg (by Bodor, Peter) 15. Emotion talk(s): The role of perspective in the construction of emotions (by Bamberg, Michael) 16. A response to Michael Bamberg (by Wierzbicka, Anna) 17. IV. Emotions in discourse 18. French interjections and their use in discourse: ah dis donc les vieux souvenirs (by Drescher, Martina) 19. The contextualization of affect in reported dialogues (by Gunthner, Susanne) 20. Nonverbal expression of emotions in a business negotiation (by Niemeier, Susanne) 21. Emotions and emotional language in English and German new stories (by Ungerer, Friedrich) 22.
Efficient E-Cash in Practice: NFC-Based Payments for Public Transportation Systems

Near field communication (NFC) is a recent popular technology that will facilitate many aspects of payments with mobile tokens. In the domain of public transportation payment systems electronic payments have many benefits, including improved throughput, new capabilities (congestion-based pricing etc.) and user convenience. A common concern when using electronic payments is that a user’s privacy is sacrificed. However, cryptographic e-cash schemes provide provable guarantees for both security and user privacy. Even though e-cash protocols have been proposed three decades ago, there are relatively few actual implementations, since their computation complexity makes an execution on lightweight devices rather difficult. This paper presents an efficient implementation of Brands [11] and ACL[4] e-cash schemes on an NFC smartphone: the BlackBerry Bold 9900. Due to their efficiency during the spending phase, when compared to other schemes, and the fact that payments can be verified offline, these schemes are especially suited for, but not limited to, use in public transport. Additionally, the encoding of validated attributes (e.g. a user’s age range, zip code etc.) is possible in the coins being withdrawn, which allows for additional features such as variable pricing (e.g. reduced fare for senior customers) and privacy-preserving data collection. We present a subtle technique to make use of the ECDHKeyAgreement class that is available in the BlackBerry API (and in the API of other systems) and show how the schemes can be implemented efficiently to satisfy the tight timing imposed by the transportation setting.
Incidence and clinical effects of intra-abdominal hypertension in critically ill patients.

The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology and outcomes of intra-abdominal hypertension in a heterogeneous intensive care unit population.



This was a prospective cohort study.



This study was conducted at a medical-surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital.



Study patients included all those consecutively admitted during 9 months, staying > 24 hrs, and requiring bladder catheterization.



On admission, epidemiologic data and risk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension were studied; then, daily maximal and mean intra-abdominal pressures (IAP(max) and IAP(mean)), abdominal perfusion pressure, fluid balances, filtration gradient, and sequential organ failure assessment score, were registered. IAPs were recorded through a bladder catheter every 6 hrs until death, discharge, or along 7 days. Intra-abdominal hypertension was defined as IAP > or = 12 mm Hg. Abdominal compartment syndrome was defined as IAP > or = 20 mm Hg plus > or = 1 new organ failure. Main outcome measure was hospital mortality. Of 83 patients, considering IAP(max), 31% had intra-abdominal hypertension on admission and another 33% developed it after (23% and 31% with IAP(mean)). Main risk factors were mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and fluid resuscitation (relative risk, 5.26, 3.19, and 2.50, respectively). Patients with intra-abdominal hypertension were sicker, had higher mortality (53% vs. 27%, p = .02), and consistently showed higher total and renal sequential organ failure assessment score, daily and cumulative fluid balances, and lower filtration gradient. Nonsurvivors had higher IAP(max), IAP(mean), and fluid balances and lower abdominal perfusion pressure. Abdominal compartment syndrome developed in 12%; 20% survived. Logistic regression identified IAP(max) as an independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.30; p = .003) after adjusting with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and comorbidities (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.25; p = .001; and odds ratio, 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-5.67; p = .013, respectively). Models with IAP(mean) and abdominal perfusion pressure also performed well. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were .81 and .83.



Intra-abdominal hypertension, diagnosed either with IAP(max) or IAP(mean), was frequent and showed an independent association with mortality. Intra-abdominal hypertension was significantly associated with more severe organ failures, particularly renal and respiratory, and a prolonged intensive care unit stay.
The Survey of Implementation for e-Business Global Logistics of Textile Industry in Taiwan

After quota system was canceled in 2005, as a result of free trade of open market, textile industries in Taiwan have faced some impacts, such as: low-price competition of Chinese Mainland, and regional trade. This situation constantly increases. In addition, good brand traders, who receive benefits after the quota system was canceled, continue to be greater through the merging method, and then begin to reduce their source of supply and require the supplier to possess the ability of one-stop shopping. Moreover, the circumstances in which consumer's consumption habit changes have accelerated the eliminating of the products. In order to solve the pressure described above and improve the advantage of the competition, textile industries in Taiwan begin to integrate the downstream and upstream manufacturers vertically one after another, and carry out global overall arrangement. As electronic application of supply chain is regarded as foundation of global logistics of textile industry, they can control the balance of global stronghold resources effectively through logistics, and increase the advantage of the competition. This research will observe the electronic application of global logistics with Taiwan textile industry by the method of case study. Through three dimensions, which are vertical integration, information share and logistics function module, it will probe into application depth of global logistics, and analyze the present implementation situation of seven textile industries in Taiwan, in order to be as the reference of future enterprises. This is the result of observation in this research: midstream and upstream manufacturers of Taiwan textile industry are inclined to cooperate with channel brand traders, and integrate resources vertically downwards to provide the customer the service of one-stop shopping; because downstream manufacturers want to react market need of ready-made clothing, they mainly work in balance coordination with customer, and carry out the vertical integration with the customer.
Inventing Assyria: Exoticism and Reception in Nineteenth-Century England and France

Using aspects of postcolonial and reception theory, this article explores how mid-nineteenth-century France and England responded to the sudden rediscovery of ancient Assyrian artifacts. The conception of Assyria, exemplified in the paintings of John Martin and Eugene Delacroix, before the discoveries was variously transformed and disrupted in the different institutional, critical, social, and political situations of France and England during and directly after the discoveries. The result was a more complex and hybrid range of artistic representations of Assyria, in which judgments of aesthetic value, historical veracity, and gender identities were both restated and contested.
Neutrino-related questions in nuclear and astro-particle physics

Since the prediction about its existence, by Pauli, the neutrino has been, and still is, the principal object in the cross field of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics. Issues like its mass, oscillation parameters, the mixing with sterile species and its inclusion in cold dark matter scenarios, have raised the expectations of generations of physicists, astrophysicists and cosmologists. Without doubt, the coming years may bring a major breakthrough in neutrino physics. This is a welcome note for those which are willing to cope with the challenging and intriguing aspects of this elusive particle.
Nations of the former Yugoslavia: Consequences of economic breakdown

Recent events in former Yugoslavia reveal that if a political structure is breaking down, it is difficult, if not impossible, to keep a multi-national state together on the basis of economic rationality alone. Once the political structure has been broken, economic, cultural and other ties that provide some coherence among relatively small groups do not have the strength to solidify and homogenize a multinational state. The economic costs resulting from the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia's market are difficult to assess. Recent efforts to analyze the costs are ambitious, but suffer from methodological?and emotional?im?  The fragmented information available clearly reveals, how? ever, that the economic losses from market disintegration run to tens of billions of dollars, without even taking into account the human and material losses resulting from the wars that have raged with brutal consequences since 1991. When the wars cease, and peace is established, does the for? merly united Yugoslavia have a chance to embark on economic recovery and transition? The answer to this question requires combining a historical inquiry into the conditions of the Yugoslav federation when it was most successful after World War II with an analysis of current conditions. Such an inves? tigation will lead us to see that the most promising future "external market" for the several parts of former Yugoslavia is to be found within the frame? work of the formerly vital "internal markets" of the defunct state.2 Revival of economic ties in the future may be rationally expected, but it is possible to visualize a darker scenario in which the former members of the Yugoslav federation are at peace but do not cooperate economically. For a certain period of time, "professional nationalists" in parts of former Yugoslavia
Kant and the Culture of Enlightenment

Katerina Deligiorgi develops a framework for the interpretation of Kant's conception of enlightenment that is compatible with his broader philosophical project of a critique of reason. She identifies the theoretical and practical commitments that enable us to view the achievement of rational autonomy as an ongoing project for the realisation of a culture of enlightenment. Grounding her central thesis in a detailed analysis of a broad range of Kant's works and those of his contemporaries, she challenges twentieth-century revisionist interpretations of the Enlightenment, she shows that the 'culture of enlightenment' is not simply a fragment of our intellectual history but a live project.