nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Business groups and competition in post-Soviet transition economies: The case of Russian “agroholdings”

The paper questions from an Austrian perspective the hypotheses that enjoy widespread support in mainstream economics that business groups are a symptom of imperfect competition and a threat to competition with negative impacts on social welfare. For this, an Austrian theoretical framework is developed and then applied to analyze the interaction of competition and business groups regarding the case of “agroholdings” in Russia. It is maintained that the orthodox literature does not adequately account for the characteristic features of competition in the real world, and therefore may lead to wrong normative conclusions on the relation between business groups and competition. It is argued that also in transition economies for competition to function as an entrepreneurial discovery process, no perfect markets are needed but only freedom to entry and property rights security. Then there is no pattern of action, which in and of itself is inconsistent with competition. Therefore, unless there is evidence for government support, business groups must principally be seen as the result of competitive entrepreneurial discoveries. It is further argued that the only real danger of business groups for competition does not come from their ability to raise non-legal barriers to entry, but from government protection. This may either result from successful lobbying of business groups or from the preference of government officials for this particular form of business organization. Case studies evidence from business groups in Russia’s agro-food sector illustrates these arguments.
TEM of lattice bending in crystallized areas of anodized Ta-O films

In the present paper we study the crystals grown in thin, initially amorphous films of tantalum oxide, interesting as possible materials for dielectric (high-k) layers to be applied in microelectronics. Here we employ some straightforward procedures making use of extinction bend contours (that are often observed in crystallizing amorphous films) and obtain indications of strong internal lattice bending in the crystallized areas.
Idea of multi cohesive areas - foundation, current status and perspective

The idea of multi cohesive areas is a new, theoretical model of quantum particle mass. This model contains a darkmatter sector. Moreover, it can explain the current experimental data on both dark matter and dark energy phenomena. In this work, the current status of this idea from theoretical and experimental perspective will be shown. Itwill bedonebypresenting themotivationbehind its creation, its theoretical foundation and how it explains the mentioned current experimental data. The result from this work is a proof that in the further MCA development, quantities like particles or fields have to find a new image in which they are created by the speed of light. The conclusion from this work is that the mentioned development can create a theory for all interactions. Moreover, such a theory will have a practical value. Namely, by using this theory, the “disappearing” matter in the visible world will be available by changing into dark matter. This, together with the fact that the current dark matter models do not yield any significance outcomes, is a proof that such a development is at least worth considering.
Interview with Elizabeth van Heyningen: On Writing The Concentration Camps of the Anglo-Boer War: A Social History Cape Town, 20 May 2013

AbstractThis interview with the author of The Concentration Camps of the Anglo-Boer War: A Social History, a work of impressive originality and admirable comprehensiveness, focuses on problems relating to the processes of writing social history and of writing on a subject that continues to retain considerable emotional power in South Africa, in which the events in the book took place. Van Heyningen highlights the role played by the imagination when writing about people who inhabit a different culture, of the necessity for the historian to extend her imagination in order to understand them as best as possible, even as she stays true to her sources. The author also tells of the necessity to place the history of the camps within the context of currents that were global, such as colonialism, the growth of professional militarism, and developments in public health policy that followed on industrialisation in Britain. But such contextualisation, especially as it has led the author to investigate records of cond...
Characterization of hafnium oxide resistive memory layers deposited on copper by atomic layer deposition

Hafnium oxide-based resistive memory devices have been fabricated on copper bottom electrodes. The HfO x active layers in these devices were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 250 °C with tetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium(IV) as the metal precursor and an O 2 plasma as the reactant. Depth profiles of the HfO x by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy revealed a copper concentration on the order of five atomic percent throughout the HfO x film. In addition to the Cu doped HfO x , a thin layer (20 nm) of Cu x O is present at the surface. This surface layer is believed to have formed during the ALD process, and greatly complicates the analysis of the switching mechanism. The resistive memory structures fabricated from the ALD HfO x exhibited non-polar resistive switching, independent of the top metal electrode (Ni, Pt, Al, Au). Resistive switching current voltage (I–V) curves were analyzed using Schottky emission and ionic hopping models to gain insight into the physical mechanisms underpinning the device behavior. During the forming process it was determined that, at voltages in excess of 2.5 V, an ionic hopping model is in good agreement with the I–V data. The extracted ion hopping distance ~ 4 A was within the range of interatomic spacing of HfO 2 during the forming process consistent with ionic motion of Cu 2 + ions. Lastly the on state I–V data was dominated at larger voltages by Schottky emission with an estimated barrier height of ~ 0.5 eV and a refractive index of 2.59. The consequence of the Schottky emission analysis indicates the on state resistance to be a product of a Pt/Cu 2 O/Cu filament(s)/Cu 2 O/Cu structure.
The Development and Application of an Automatic Building Construction System Using Push-Up Machines

The 'AMURAD " system developed by Kajima Corporation is a so-called "building factory" . The first to fourth floors function as a factory where low level construction work is performed utilizing integrated construction information. When one floor is completed, it is pushed up by special computer-controlled jacks. The first application of this system was at a condominium construction project in Nagoya implemented by Kajima Corporation. This paper gives an outline of the AMURAD system and describes the results of its application.
Arqueología Biográfica: Las raíces Nazis de Erasmus Reichel, la vida en Austria (1912-1933) Biographical Archaeology: The Nazi Roots of Erasmus Reichel, life in Austria (1912-1933)

This article presents a biographical synthesis of the life of Erasmus Reichel, better known as Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff, during his time in Austria (1912-1933). A survey of this period permits a better understanding of the changes in his life that later affected the agenda of his monumental scholarly output. In order to accomplish this it is necessary to excavate the past before he became a figure known for his contributions to anthropology in the fields of ethnography and archeology. Methodologically, we employ an approach based in philosophical archeology. Using historical documents we contextualize the development of the personal and familial life of Erasmus and elucidate the process of his integration and participation in Austrian Nazism from his time in school until he joined the SS paramilitary unit in Austria.
Evaluating the Effects of Transportation—Land-Use Policies on Housing Values and Household Welfare

In a previous article published in this journal (Anas, 1979a), a simulation model developed by the author was used to examine the impact of transit investment on property values in an urban transportation corridor that had a completely centralized employment distribution. The present paper examines the effect of rail-transit investment in the context of various scenarios which deal with urban employment decentralization, housing distribution, transportation pricing, and income composition. From these simulations it appears that under a variety of assumptions regarding urban change the taxation of short-run differential changes in property values caused by transit investment can raise only a small portion of the cost of typical transit investments. The distinctive feature of the simulation model is that it is consistent with the discrete-choice theory of travel demand currently used in transportation planning and travel-demand prediction. But whereas the state of the art in transportation planning ignores the simultaneity of transportation changes and price changes in the housing market, the model developed here is a first attempt to deal with these effects by incorporating discrete-choice theory into a Walrasian market-equilibration procedure. In addition to being a theoretical alternative to the classical bid-rent model, still made use of by urban economists, the new approach is computationally efficient and suitable for large-scale simulation.
THE STUDY OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN MEN AND WOMEN HOSPITALIZED IN THE CCU OF IMAM-ALI HOSPITAL, ZAHEDAN

Coronary heart diseases are the main reason of mortality in most of the industrial countries. At present, the most important cause of mortality is the cardiovascular diseases on top of which one can find coronary artery disease. The present research aims at studying the clinical symptoms of myocardial infarction in men and women hospitalized in the CCU of Imam Ali Hospital in Zahedan. The present study is an analytical cross-sectional study in which 210 patients were studied; they were diagnosed with acute myocardial infraction that was confirmed by a cardiologist. The patients were hospitalized in Imam Ali Hospital in Zahedan in 2016. The information of the patients was collected through the researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire includes demographic information and symptoms of acute myocardial infraction. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and chi-square test. Moreover, in the present study p 0.05). However, symptoms such as vomiting, dyspnea, fatigue, and anxiety were significantly more in women than men were. The findings of the present study indicate that atypical symptoms especially in women are likely to cause women's delay to visit the doctor and delayed decision of diagnosing and treating by the medical team. Thus, it is essential and recommended to provide programs to teach the whole society as well as the healthcare workers especially in the emergency units of the hospitals.
Anisotropic evolution of damaged carbons of a mechanically polished diamond surface in low-temperature annealing

To clarify the anisotropic evolution of damaged carbons on a mechanically polished diamond surface under low-temperature (473 K) annealing, molecular dynamics simulation is performed in this work to represent the mechanical polishing and low-temperature annealing coupled treatment on the {100} and {110} crystal planes. Coordination number, atomic density and atomic structure analyses are employed to reveal the variation laws, and a new algorithm is further developed to extract well-arranged sp 2 carbon atoms from damaged carbon atoms. The results show that more sp 2 hybridizations appear on the {110} plane after polishing, yielding a defect density of more than 1 × 10 22  vac/cm 3 , which is the atomic origin for the graphitization in the followed low-temperature annealing. Raman spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses confirm that the graphite is only detectable on the polished {110} plane. In annealing of the polished {110} plane, graphitization is a visible evolution for the damaged carbons in the topmost surface layer, and the ordered sp 2 and sp 3 hybridizations increase monotonously. Resultantly, the atomic density of damaged surface layer decreases from 3.21 g/cm 3 to 2.47 g/cm 3 , which is close to the density of graphite, 2.25 g/cm 3 . On the polished {100} plane, the ordered sp 2 and sp 3 hybridizations and atomic density of damaged surface layer change hardly upon annealing. In contrast, the amorphous sp 2 phases increase considerably. In the deeper surface layer, the amorphous sp 3 carbons grow back to the tetrahedral structures at the interface between diamond cubic and ordered sp 2 structures, which has no anisotropy in annealing.
Research on the Relationship between Enterprise Resource Integration and Enterprise Performance—Taking Online Travel Enterprises as an Example

At present, China’s online travel companies are expanding their market share by 
continuously burning money, and most enterprises are in a profit dilemma. 
Future tourism is the competition of comprehensive resources, and the process 
of resource integration is directly related to the performance of online 
tourism enterprises, and it is also the key for online travel enterprises to 
win in the fierce competition environment. Therefore, this paper aims to 
improve the competitive advantage of online tourism enterprises by optimizing 
the online tourism enterprise resource integration process, which brings high 
enterprise performance to online tourism enterprises.
Fully Mechanized Proofs of Dilworths Theorem and Mirskys Theorem

We present two fully mechanized proofs of Dilworths and Mirskys theorems in the Coq proof assistant. Dilworths Theorem states that in any finite partially ordered set (poset), the size of a smallest chain cover and a largest antichain are the same. Mirskys Theorem is a dual of Dilworths Theorem. We formalize the proofs by Perles  (for Dilworths Theorem) and by Mirsky  (for the dual theorem). We also come up with a library of definitions and facts that can be used as a framework for formalizing other theorems on finite posets.
재조선 일본인이 재현하는 `지방`

This study set out to investigate modern format provincial guidebooks published by the colonial administrative agencies or Japanese people in Korea between 1907 and 1945 and critically review the aspects of Korea represented in them. During the Japanese rule, a number of provincial guidebooks were published in urban areas containing a large population of Japanese people and traditional cities filled with scenic spots and places of historic interest, whereas there are few or no data on provincial guidebooks on local agricultural towns where a majority of Korean population resided. The serious regional deviation in the publication of provincial guidebooks reflects an objective deviation in information about local areas available those days. The inequality of information structured in the generation process of historical materials cannot help being reflected in the historical aspects represented through local history research, which is why it is important to analyze an objective situation of “unequal distribution and absence of provincial guidebooks” based on comparative studies when doing a research on local history. Also needed is a discourse criticism of provincial guidebooks during the Japanese rule. The example of Suwon indicates that the provincial guidebooks published mainly by Japanese people targeted the Japanese nationalities and Japanese people in Korea as their reader. Settling down all over the nation, Japanese people placed themselves at the center to look at Korea and the local place where they settled down. As far as they were concerned, the existence of Korean people was a secondary landscape or the object of enlightenment. It is thus necessary to deconstruct such power of viewpoint and trace back the narration of a book in order to critically interpret provincial guidebooks those days. Korean people were in different conditions from the Japanese communities around the nation in the establishment process of colonial ruling system, and such a situation was reflected in provincial guidebooks. Thus reorganizing local history with provincial guidebooks should be preceded by comparing provincial guidebooks for the state of publication and critically comparing and analyzing their publication environments, conditions, and purposes.
The School Leaving Decision at 16.

The interest of the economist in the youth labour market is a fairly recent phenomena when compared with that of the educationalist, sociologist and occupational psychologist whose interest stretches back over three decades. The economists’ interest stems from the dramatic increase in youth unemployment rates which have emerged over the past decade and the effects that novel methods introduced by Governments in an attempt to alleviate the problems associated with youth unemployment have had on the operation of the labour market. There is one area of youth market behaviour that the economist has tended to neglect—the labour market participation decision at 16 (the school leaving decision)—and has tended to concentrate attention upon other issues. When labour force participation decisions have been considered by economists they have tended to focus on other groups within the labour market. This paper attempts to rectify this imbalance. A model is developed from a consideration of labour supply theo...
The Interplay of Thermo-Mechanical Properties in the Growth and Processing of III-V Materials

The thermo-mechanical properties of III-V semiconductors, in general, and of GaAs and InP in particular, are reviewed. They play an important role in many aspects of semiconductor device fabrication starting from the growth of bulk crystals. Dislocation generation in GaAs and InP are discussed with the emphasis on the theoretical and experimental aspects of reducing the dislocation density in these materials. Such mechanical properties as glide systems, critical resolved shear stress and impurity hardening are covered. The effects of dislocations on device performance are illustrated with examples from photonic and electronic devices. Finally, the effect of thermomechanical stresses in the degradation and reliability of GaAs/AlGaAs and InP/InGaAsP based opto-electronic devices is considered.
Synthesis and thermal behavior of tin-based alloy (Sn-Ag-Cu) nanoparticles.

The prominent melting point depression of nanoparticles has been the subject of a considerable amount of research. For their promising applications in electronics, tin-based nano-alloys such as near-eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloys have been synthesized via various techniques. However, due to issues such as particle aggregation and oxidation or introduced impurities, the application of these nano-size particles has been confined or aborted. For instance, thermal investigations by DTA/DSC in a large number of studies revealed exothermic peaks in the range of 240-500 °C, i.e. above the melting point of SAC nanoparticles, with different and quite controversial explanations for this unclear phenomenon. This represents a considerable drawback for the application of nanoparticles. Correspondingly, in the current study, the thermal stability of SAC nanoparticles has been investigated via electron microscopy, XRD, FTIR, and DSC/TG analysis. It was found that the nanoparticles consist mainly of a metallic β-Sn core and an amorphous tin hydroxide shell structure. The SnO crystalline phase formation from this amorphous shell has been associated with the exothermic peaks on the first heating cycle of the nanoparticles, followed by a disproportionation reaction into metallic Sn and SnO₂.The results also revealed that the surfactant and reducing agent cannot only affect the size and size distribution of the nanoparticles, they might also alter the ratio between the amorphous shell and the crystalline core in the structure of particles.
Social Structure, Interests and Consciousness . The Crisis and Transformation of the System of 'Real Socialism' in Poland

The paper starts with an analysis of the three mam principles of the social order of 'real socialism' etatmnc homogemzatlon. basic dichotomy between the ruling group and all the direct producers as a whole, and politically- defined-from-above income differences among different sectors of employees The structural crisis of this order i, described as gradual under - mining of these principles brought about especially by the growth of the second economy In the last secnon the dilemmas of the recent)\ started system transformation are described in terms of symbohc support hut lack of short-term mterests of the most numerous social groups m the market . reform.
Psychotherapy, Suggestion and Sexuality: Historical and Epistemological Considerations

. This paper explores the reasons for the resistance against investigation of the close affective ties which arise between patient and therapist in psychotherapy. It holds that a confusion between attachment and sexuality may be one reason why psychoanalysts do not study the role of suggestion - defined as an archaic, preverbal affective relationship -in psychotherapy. While American writers have investigated the question of sexual relations between therapist and patient, ever since the advent of animal magnetism 200 years ago provoked fears of erotic involvement, the deep affective sources of change in psychotherapy have been masked by the taboos of sexuality.
Effect of Direct Microwave Sintering on Structure and Properties of 8 Mol% Y2O3–ZrO2

Fully stabilized-zirconia is proposed as an inert matrix for next-generation nuclear fuels. This study presents the application of microwave technology for lowering the sintering temperature of 8 mol% yttria–zirconia (8YZ) to minimize the loss of volatile actinides that will be incorporated into the fuels. Direct microwave sintering results were compared with microwave-hybrid and conventionally sintered samples. Direct Microwave Sintering of 8YZ showed a reduction of 300°C in temperature required for full densification when compared with conventional sintering. A difference of 200°C was observed with microwave-hybrid sintering. Despite these differences in processing temperatures, the variations in resulting properties were negligible.
Using Jane Jacobs and Henry George to Tame Gentrification

The solutions that Jane Jacobs proposed to improve neighborhoods created a paradoxical problem: improvement increased demand for the amenities of the area, which caused land prices to rise. The net result was at least partial displacement of the old residents of the neighborhood with new ones. Jane Jacobs has been criticized for ignoring gentrification, but she was clearly aware of this process and tried to find means to counter it. By combining the ideas of Henry George about land taxation with the ideals of Jane Jacobs about neighborhood diversity, we can mitigate the negative effects of gentrification and direct the energy of market forces into producing a greater supply of desirable neighborhoods.
Revolutions, Sociology of

The modern concept of revolution comes out of one particular experience at the end of the eighteenth century, an experience that led some to hope for and others to fear similar occurrences. Reflections on the nature, causes, unfolding, and consequences of revolution were for a long time dominated by the French Revolution. As other cases came to preoccupy social scientists, particularly in the wake of the varied social upheavals of the late twentieth century, scholarly reflection on revolution flourished as it developed in new directions. These included greater attention to culture, more emphasis on contingency and agency, and incorporation of ideas from the study of social movements. In the early twenty-first century, new social movements were again getting scholars to rethink not just their approaches to the study of revolution, but to reconsider what forms revolutions might take.