nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Origins of saccharide-dependent hydration at aluminate, silicate, and aluminosilicate surfaces.

Sugar molecules adsorbed at hydrated inorganic oxide surfaces occur ubiquitously in nature and in technologically important materials and processes, including marine biomineralization, cement hydration, corrosion inhibition, bioadhesion, and bone resorption. Among these examples, surprisingly diverse hydration behaviors are observed for oxides in the presence of saccharides with closely related compositions and structures. Glucose, sucrose, and maltodextrin, for example, exhibit significant differences in their adsorption selectivities and alkaline reaction properties on hydrating aluminate, silicate, and aluminosilicate surfaces that are shown to be due to the molecular architectures of the saccharides. Solid-state (1)H, (13)C, (29)Si, and (27)Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements, including at very high magnetic fields (19 T), distinguish and quantify the different molecular species, their chemical transformations, and their site-specific adsorption on different aluminate and silicate moieties. Two-dimensional NMR results establish nonselective adsorption of glucose degradation products containing carboxylic acids on both hydrated silicates and aluminates. In contrast, sucrose adsorbs intact at hydrated silicate sites and selectively at anhydrous, but not hydrated, aluminate moieties. Quantitative surface force measurements establish that sucrose adsorbs strongly as multilayers on hydrated aluminosilicate surfaces. The molecular structures and physicochemical properties of the saccharides and their degradation species correlate well with their adsorption behaviors. The results explain the dramatically different effects that small amounts of different types of sugars have on the rates at which aluminate, silicate, and aluminosilicate species hydrate, with important implications for diverse materials and applications.
Shuttling More than Goods: Collective Support among Turkish-Bulgarian Shuttle Traders

Given that the European Union is a free trade, market-oriented economic zone that should, theoretically, eliminate market distortions that fuel the informal economy, why are we seeing continued participation in the informal economy, specifically, the shuttle trade between Bulgaria and Turkey? Many scholars frequently cite price distortions, market gaps, lucrative exchange rates, and economic survival as prominent reasons, however, these explanations do not suffice in explaining why the shuttle trade thrives 25 years after the communist collapse in Bulgaria. Through the use of meta-linguistic analysis of the interviews and analysis of the individuals that I interviewed, I argue that, in addition to being a viable method of income supplementation, the shuttle trade also serves as a platform for social support and identity reconciliation for Turkish-Bulgarian participants. Collective nostalgia about the communist past and similar post-communist experiences and a strong sense of interpersonal trust serve to integrate shuttle traders, who invest in social capital via the shuttle trade.
Prottoy: A Middleware for Sentient Environment

Our approach towards context awareness is to retrieve contextual information by augmenting our daily life objects (like a chair, a mirror etc.) with sensing capabilities. We call such artefacts sentient artefacts. To avoid developing dedicated context-aware application integrating these artefacts, there is a need for a generic computing platform that can assist application programmers to develop and deploy applications easily and rapidly. We present a framework titled “Prottoy” for context-aware applications. The framework provides a generic interface for interacting with sentient artefacts in a unified way, regardless of their type and properties. As a result, application development is simple, rapid and independent from the underlying environments. This paper describes the design and implementation of Prottoy.
The Voyages of Jacques Cartier

Jacques Cartier's voyages of 1534, 1535, and 1541constitute the first record of European impressions of the St Lawrence region of northeastern North American and its peoples. The Voyages are rich in details about almost every aspect of the region's environment and the people who inhabited it. As Ramsay Cook points out in his introduction, Cartier was more than an explorer; he was also Canada's first ethnographer. His accounts provide a wealth of information about the native people of the region and their relations with each other. Indirectly, he also reveals much about himself and about sixteenth-century European attitudes and beliefs. These memoirs recount not only the French experience with the Iroquois, but alo the Iroquois' discovery of the French. In addition to Cartier's Voyages, a slightly amended version of H.P. Biggar's 1924 text, the volume includes a series of letters relating to Cartier and the Sieur de Roberval, who was in command of cartier on the last voyage. Many of these letters appear for the first time in English. Ramsay Cook's introduction, 'Donnacona Discovers Europe,' rereads the documents in the light of recent scholarship as well as from contemporary perspectives in order to understand better the viewpoints of Cartier and the native people with whom he came into contact.
Heterogeneous Risk Preferences and the Welfare Cost of Business Cycles.

I study the welfare cost of business cycles in a complete-markets economy where some people are more risk averse than others. Relatively more risk-averse people buy insurance against aggregate risk, and relatively less risk-averse people sell insurance. These trades reduce the welfare cost of business cycles for everyone. Indeed, the least risk-averse people benefit from business cycles. Moreover, even infinitely risk-averse people suffer only finite and, in my empirical estimates, very small welfare losses. In other words, when there are complete insurance markets, aggregate fluctuations in consumption are essentially irrelevant not just for the average person - the surprising finding of Lucas (1987) - but for everyone in the economy, no matter how risk averse they are. If business cycles matter, it is because they affect productivity or interact with uninsured idiosyncratic risk, not because aggregate risk per se reduces welfare.
Risk Management System in Clearing and Settlement: The Asian and Pacific Equity Markets

This study presents an overview of risk management systems in clearing and settlement. In addition, against the recommendations proposed by Group of Thirty and revised by the International Society of Securities Administrators, current practices of 13 organized stock exchanges in the Asian and Pacific region are presented. Policy issues related to the co-existence of both underlying equity and financial derivative markets in the region and increasing volume of cross-border transactions are also discussed.
Neural networks designing neural networks: Multi-objective hyper-parameter optimization

Artificial neural networks have gone through a recent rise in popularity, achieving state-of-the-art results in various fields, including image classification, speech recognition, and automated control. Both the performance and computational complexity of such models are heavily dependant on the design of characteristic hyper-parameters (e.g., number of hidden layers, nodes per layer, or choice of activation functions), which have traditionally been optimized manually. With machine learning penetrating low-power mobile and embedded areas, the need to optimize not only for performance (accuracy), but also for implementation complexity, becomes paramount. In this work, we present a multi-objective design space exploration method that reduces the number of solution networks trained and evaluated through response surface modelling. Given spaces which can easily exceed 1020 solutions, manually designing a near-optimal architecture is unlikely as opportunities to reduce network complexity, while maintaining performance, may be overlooked. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that hyper-parameters which perform well on specific datasets may yield sub-par results on others, and must therefore be designed on a per-application basis. In our work, machine learning is leveraged by training an artificial neural network to predict the performance of future candidate networks. The method is evaluated on the MNIST and CIFAR-10 image datasets, optimizing for both recognition accuracy and computational complexity. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can closely approximate the Pareto-optimal front, while only exploring a small fraction of the design space.
Influence of MoO 3 on electrical and microstructural properties of (K 0.44 Na 0.52 Li 0.04 )(Nb 0.86 Ta 0.10 Sb 0.04 )O 3

Microstructure, piezoelectric properties and dielectric behavior of undoped and MoO 3 -doped lead-free (K 0.44 Na 0.52 Li 0.04 )(Nb 0.86-x Ta 0.10-x Sb 0.04-x )Mo 5/6x O 3 (KNL-NTS) was investigated. Samples were obtained by the conventional solid state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra revealed the formation of a perovskite phase, together with some minor secondary phase which could be assigned by XRD to K 3 LiNb 6 O 17 . XRD also showed that the perovskite evolved from a tetragonal to orthorhombic symmetry with the increasing of doping amount. This behavior was not observed with the increasing in the sintering time. The temperature dependence on real permittivity (e') revealed the presence of a diffuse phase transition. This behavior was increased with MoO 3 concentration. Also, dielectric relaxation processes were observed at room temperature and were dependent on doping level and sintering time.
Higher-Order Proof by Consistency

We investigate an integration of the first-order method of proof by consistency (PBC), also known as term rewriting induction, into theorem proving in higher-order specifications. PBC may be seen as well-founded induction over an ordering which contains the rewrite relation, and in this paper we extend this method to the higher-order rewrite relation due to Nipkow. This yields a proof procedure which has several advantages over conventional induction. First, it is less control demanding; second, it is more flexible in the sense that it does not instantiate variables precisely with every constructor, but instantiates according to the rewrite rules. We show how a number of technical problems can be solved in order for this integration to work, and point out some desirable refinements that involve challenging problems.
The challenge of Rousseau

Eve Grace and Christopher Kelly Part I. Politics and Economics: 1. Rousseau and the illustrious Montesquieu Christopher Kelly 2. Political economy and individual liberty Ryan Patrick Hanley Part II.  3. The presence of sciences in Rousseau's trajectory and works Bruno Bernardi and Bernadette Bensaud-Vincent 4. Epistemology and political perception in the case of Rousseau Terence Marshall Part III. The Modern or Classical, Theological or Philosophical, Foundations of Rousseau's System: 5. On the intention of Rousseau Leo Strauss 6. On Strauss on Rousseau Victor Gourevitch 7. Built on sand: moral law in Rousseau's Second Discourse Victor Gourevitch 8. Rousseau and Pascal Matthew W. Maguire Part IV. Rousseau as Educator and Legislator: 9. The measure of the possible: imagination in Rousseau's philosophical pedagogy Richard Velkley 10. Rousseau's French revolution Pamela K. Jensen 11. Rousseau's challenge to Locke (and to us) Jonathan Marks 12. Stalking Puer Robustus: Hobbes and Rousseau on the origin of human malice Susan Meld Shell Part V. Unease, Happiness, and Death: 13. Rousseau's unease with Locke's uneasiness John T. Scott 14. Montaigne and Rousseau: some reflections Pierre Manent.
On Typesafe Aspect Implementations in C++

Compared to other languages, the C++ language offers a less powerful runtime type system, but a very powerful static type system. In AspectC++, this is addressed by an extended join-point API that provides static type information at compile-time and type-safe access to join-point-specific context information. In this paper we show, how the use of static type information leads to the development highly generic, but type-safe aspects that fit well into the C++ language model. This is demonstrated by an example.
How to Evaluate the Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources and Agriculture in China Scientifically

The paper "The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China" ( fails to follow scientific methods by selecting one-sided data sets and research results to support their argument that the warming has a significant negative impact on water resources and agriculture.This one-sided paper is not only a disservice to the academic community,but also has generated unnecessary panic responses from public that China will not be able to feed its people since warmer temperatures in China will reduce crop yields significantly.The purpose of this paper is to clarify some of the basic facts about the true impacts of the warming on water resources and agriculture in China and discuss some relevant methodological issues.
Alternative medicine and the medical profession: views of medical students and general practitioners.

A survey was undertaken to explore the attitudes and practices of general practitioners and medical students in the United Arab Emirates with regards to forms of therapy not generally accepted by conventional medicine, including herbal medicine, acupuncture, homeopathy, spiritual therapy and osteopathy/chiropractic. The study found that alternative medicine is in common use to complement conventional medicine by a section of educated people within the health care system. Our observations lead us to appreciate its role in community health care and indicate a need to design culturally appropriate medical curricula which incorporate information about alternative medicine.
Banking for health: the role of financial sector actors in investing in global health

The world faces multiple health financing challenges as the global health burden evolves. Countries have set an ambitious health policy agenda for the next 15 years with prioritisation of universal health coverage under the Sustainable Development Goals. The scale of investment needed for equitable access to health services means global health is one of the key economic opportunities for decades to come. New financing partnerships with the private sector are vital. The aim of this study is to unlock additional financing sources, acknowledging the imperative to link financial returns to the providers of capital, and create profitable, sustainable financing structures. This paper outlines the global health investment opportunity exploring intersections of financial and health sector interests, and the role investment in health can play in economic development. Considering increasing demand for impact investments, the paper explores responsible financing initiatives and expansion of the global movement for sustainable capital markets. Adding an explicit health component (H) to the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) investment criteria, creating the ESG+H initiative, could serve as catalyst for the inclusion of health criteria into mainstream financial actors' business practices and investment objectives. The conclusion finds that health considerations directly impact profitability of the firm and therefore should be incorporated into financial analysis. Positive assessment of health impact, at a broad societal or environmental level, as well as for a firm's employees can become a value enhancing competitive advantage. An ESG+H framework could incorporate this into mainstream financial decision-making and into scalable investment products.
How will cultural policy makers brand London after the Games and glory have gone

The preparation for the Olympic Games in London and its legacy have brought into question the efficacy of top-down marketing strategies and private ownership. Rebecca Litchfield finds the essays in Cities, Cultural Policy and Governance a salient reflection on issues common to London and other cities the world over experiencing a new “glocal” culture, which has come to dominate cultural policy decisions. However, she holds that many of the writings fail to invite deeper investigation making the book an excellent excellent introduction, but one that may isolate readers looking for deeper analysis. Cities, Cultural Policy and Governance Edited by Helmut Anheier, Yudhishthir Raj Isar. Sage. March 2012.
Discussion of developing Chinese design education from three aspects

On the basis of analysis of education of industrial design and the actuality of our country, this article proposes that the bottleneck of industrial design education in China is the absence of internal qualities of designer and shortage of the application of the research in social science. In order to change the state and develop, we must make some progress in the three aspects. First, new technique has to be integrated with the traditional skill under the development of technology and society. Second, great attention is paid to the internal qualities of designer. Third, the application of society science research must be thought highly of.
Witkiewiczowie w Lovranie

The essay explores a theme of differences between the two Witkiewiczes – father and son. These disparities concern lifestyle, ethics, politics and art. The father wanted his son to realize his own ideas of art. In the son’s opinion the father’s idea had failed and in turn he invented an even more radical aesthetics. Lovran is a place where the basic categories of Witkacy’s theory of Pure Form were formulated.
PUBLIC ATTITUDES TO SOCIAL PROTECTION AND POLITICAL ECONOMY TRADITIONS IN WESTERN EUROPE

Studies of public attitudes to the welfare state have generally failed to uncover consistent and clear country variations in relation to patterns of support for different social programmes. This finding contrasts with the important degree of cross-national variation that exists with regard to the institutional structure of welfare states. This article argues that in order to capture the extent of cross-national variation in public attitudes to social protection, the focus needs to be expanded to forms of protection other than income transfer programmes, to encompass labour law and collective bargaining. The article presents survey data that show cross-national variation in relation to these alternative forms of social protection to be significant, and suggests that such variation can be explained with reference to the political economy traditions that are typical of the different countries covered.
Symptom experience associated with immunosuppressive drugs after liver transplantation in adults: possible relationship with medication non-compliance?

Symptom experience (occurrence and perceived distress) associated with side effects of immunosuppressive medications in organ transplant patients may well be associated with poorer quality of life and medication non-compliance. The aims of this study were: first, to assess symptom experience in clinically stable adult patients during long-term follow-up after liver transplantation; and second, to study the relationship between symptom experience and medication non-compliance. This cross-sectional study included 123 liver transplant patients. Symptom experience was assessed using the "Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress Scale" (29-item version) at the annual evaluation. According to the duration of follow-up, patients were divided into a short-term (1-4 yr) and a long-term (5-18 yr) cohort. Medication non-compliance was measured using electronic monitoring. Results showed that increased hair growth was the most frequent symptom in both sexes. Symptom distress was more serious in women than in men. The most distressing symptom in women was excessive and/or painful periods, while in men this was impotence. Clear differences were revealed at item level between symptom occurrence and symptom distress in relationship with the two time cohorts and between sexes. No relationship was found between symptom experience and prednisolone non-compliance.
Automated validation of trust and security of service-oriented architectures with the AVANTSSAR platform

Cutting-edge network infrastructures such as Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs) or, more generally, the Internet of Services (IoS) entail a major paradigm shift in the way ICT systems and applications are designed, implemented, deployed and consumed: they are no longer the result of programming components in the traditional meaning but are built by composing services that are distributed over the network and reconfigured and consumed dynamically in a demand-driven, flexible way. However, the new opportunities opened by the IoS will only materialize if concepts, techniques and tools are provided to ensure security. In fact, deploying services in such network infrastructures entails a wide range of trust and security issues, but solving them is extremely hard since making the service components trustworthy is not sufficient: composing services leads to new, subtle and dangerous, vulnerabilities due to interference between component services and policies, the shared communication layer, and application functionality. Thus, one needs validation of both the service components and their composition into secure service architectures.
Field beables for quantum field theory

Pilot-wave theories provide possible solutions to the measurement problem. In such theories, quantum systems are not only described by the state vector, but also by some additional variables. These additional variables, also called beables, can be particle positions, field configurations, strings, etc. In this paper we focus our attention on pilot-wave theories in which the additional variables are field configurations. The first such pilot-wave theory was proposed by Bohm for the free electromagnetic field. Since Bohm similar pilot-wave theories have been proposed for other quantum fields. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview and further development of these proposals. We discuss various bosonic quantum field theories such as the Schrödinger field, the free electromagnetic field, scalar quantum electrodynamics and the Abelian Higgs model. In particular we compare the pilot-wave theories proposed by Bohm and by Valentini for the electromagnetic field, finding that Valentini’s approach is more or less equivalent to Bohm’s approach. We further discuss the proposals for fermionic fields by Holland and Valentini. In the case of Holland’s model we indicate that further work is required in order to show that the model is capable of reproducing the standard quantum predictions. We also consider a similar model, which does not seem to reproduce the standard quantum predictions. In the case of Valentini’s model we point out a problem that seems hard to overcome. Postdoctoral Fellow FWO. Corresponding address.
Latin American Psychology and Social Commitment.

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1996, Vol 41(5), 468-469. Three of the main ideas of liberation psychology are presented in “Writings for a Liberation Psychology” (see record 1994-98883-000): a new horizon, that psychology should stop worrying about its scientific status and serve the needs of the majority of the population; a new epistemology, to critically revise psychology from the perspective of the popular majorities; and a new praxis, to acquire new psychological knowledge it is not enough to place ourselves in the perspective of the people, it is also necessary to involve ourselves in a new praxis, an activity of transforming reality.