nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A look by medical students at medical practice in the future.

Ninety-six first- and second-year students (97 percent) at the University of Minnesota, Duluth, School of Medicine responded to a questionnaire on their career choices and their perceptions of changes in the organization and financing of medical care. Their responses indicated a great deal of student concern regarding the future of medical practice. Overall, the students were the most concerned about a perceived loss of practice autonomy and inadequate financial rewards. In the face of these perceptions, the students reported changes in career preferences: from smaller to larger communities, from solo or partnership arrangements to group practice settings, and from generalist to specialist practices. A student's anticipated debt level was the most important predictor of whether the student changed career goals.
Direct collisional simulation of 10 000 particles past core collapse

A collisional N-body simulation using NBODY5 on a single eRA Y YMP processor is followed well into the post-collapse regime. This is presently one of the largest particle numbers of all such models published, but some data for an even larger N produced by using special-purpose computers have recently been presented. In contrast to previous ensemble-averaged N-body simulations the noise here is low enough just to compare this one single run with the expectations from statistical models based on the Fokker-Planck approximation. Agreement is as good as could be expected for the case of the evolution of the Lagrangian radii, radial and tangential velocity dispersions and various core quantities. We discuss briefly approximate models to understand the number and the energy of escapers and the question of gravothermal core oscillations; although the system exhibits post­ collapse oscillations they turn out to be directly binary driven and we cannot prove the existence of a gravothermal expansion at this particle number. Finally in a detailed examination of the wandering of the density centre we find, in contrast to some previous studies, a clear long-time period of the order of approximately 14 half-mass crossing times.
Quality of life in adult cancer patients treated with bone marrow transplantation--a review of the literature.

There is now an increasing interest in measuring quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. Information on psychosocial issues and the patients' QOL give a more comprehensive evaluation of the treatment outcome than survival and relapse free intervals alone. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has become a standard, curative treatment in haematological diseases such as leukaemia and lymphomas. However, serious physical and psychological side effects are experienced by some patients. A review of the literature on QOL in adult BMT patients shows that the development in post-BMT research on psychosocial factors is slowly progressing. Most studies are retrospective with small sample sizes, and only five of 48 studies fulfilled our preset quality criteria. Identification of factors that are predictive for poor post-BMT outcome might provide a basis for targeted support programmes. This underlines the necessity of undertaking prospective studies using reliable and well-validated methods for measuring QOL in this patient group.
Point defect of titanium sesquioxide Ti2O3 as the application of next generation Li-ion batteries

By means of first-principles calculation, we explore the vacancy mechanism of titanium sesquioxide (Ti 2 O 3 ) and further investigate the influence of vacancy on the electronic properties of Ti 2 O 3 . Two vacancy models are considered. We find that Ti 2 O 3 prefers to form oxygen vacancy (O -va ) in comparison to Ti vacancy (Ti -va ) because the removed oxygen atom improves the localized hybridization between Ti and O. The low concentration of vacancies is more thermodynamic stability than that of high concentration of vacancies. In comparison to titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), Ti 2 O 3 exhibits the metallic behavior due to the band overlap between the conduction band and the valence band. Importantly, we find that those vacancies enhance the electronic transport of Ti 2 O 3 because the removed atom promotes the band overlaps at the Fermi level ( E F ).
Introduction [Argentinean Cultural Production During the Neoliberal Years (1989-2001)]

This groundbreaking collection of essays examines Argentine cultural production in the years between 1989-2001, which coincided with the implementation of neoliberalism under President Carlos Saul Menem (1989-1999) and his successor, Fernando de la Rua (1999-2001). In order to do so, this work provides an overview of the way Argentine writers, filmmakers, musicians and media reacted to this centrality of the market forces. This collection will be of interest to scholars of Latin American Cultural Studies, Hispanic Studies, Film Studies as well as those of Comparative Literature.
II. Macroeconomics, Inflation, Business Cycles The Concept of the Natural Rate of Interest in Mises and Hayek

At the crux of the Mises-Hayek, or Austrian, theory of the business cycle is the idea of the money loan rate of interest diverging from the natural or originary rate. But, as is shown in this paper, the meaning of the concept is not clear. This paper draws on Mises's and Hayek's writing to clarify the meaning of the natural rate and to provide an assessment of the concept. One of the conclusions reached is that Mises and Hayek have different concepts of natural or originary interest. Hayek takes the more traditional definition of natural interest as being the equilibrium value difference between output and input. Mises, while accepting this traditional notion of natural interest in the Theory of Money and Credit, breaks from it in Human Action and introduces the concept of originary interest as the value difference between present and future goods.
Application of Sturm Theorem in the global controllability of a class of high dimensional polynomial systems

In this paper, the global controllability for a class of high dimensional polynomial systems has been investigated and a constructive algebraic criterion algorithm for their global controllability has been obtained. By the criterion algorithm, the global controllability can be determined in finite steps of arithmetic operations. The algorithm is imposed on the coefficients of the polynomials only and the analysis technique is based on Sturm Theorem in real algebraic geometry and its modern progress. Finally, the authors will give some examples to show the application of our results.
The relationship of family environment to writing anxiety in college students.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF FAMILY ENVIRONMENT TO WRITING ANXIETY IN COLLEGE STUDENTS MAY 1992 DEBORAH BERKMAN, B.A., UNIVERSITY OF IOWA M.A.T., UNIVERSITY OF IOWA Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Directed by: Professor Howard Gadlin This study investigated the relationship of family factors to writing anxiety in college students. Starting from the premise that context should be considered in exploring causes of writing apprehension, this study questioned whether correlations could be made between aspects of family environment and the presence of writing
Love's Story Told: A Life of Henry A. Murray

Searching out the private man as well as the public figure, this biography follows Henry Murray through his discoveries and triumphs as a pioneer in the field of clinical psychology, as a co-founder of Harvard's Psychological Clinic, the co-inventor of the Thematic Apperception Test, and a biographer of Herman Melville. Murray's fascination with Melville's troubled genius, his wartime experiences in the OSS and his close friendships with Lewis Mumford and Conrad Aiken are employed in this reconstruction of a life. And always, at the heart of this story, Robinson finds Murray's highly erotic and mystical relationship with Christiana Morgan. "Love's Story Told" examines this figure in American intellectual life at mid-century.
The return to retail and the performance of U.S. banks

The U.S. banking industry is experiencing a renewed focus on retail banking, a trend often attributed to the stability and profitability of retail activities. This paper examines the impact of banks' retail intensity on performance from 1997 to 2004 by developing three complementary definitions of retail intensity (retail loan share, retail deposit share, and branches per dollar of assets) and comparing these measures with both equity market and accounting measures of performance. We find that an increased focus on retail banking across U.S. banks is linked to significantly lower equity market and accounting returns for all banks but lower volatility for only the largest banking companies. We conclude that retail banking may be a relatively stable activity, but it is also a low-return one.
Non-cardiac comorbidities in chronic heart failure.

Non-cardiac comorbidity complicates heart failure care and is prevalent in one form or another for the majority of elderly patients with heart failure. This wide range of comorbidities, which includes respiratory comorbidities, renal dysfunction, anaemia, arthritis, cognitive dysfunction and depression, contributes to the progression of the disease and may alter the response to treatment. Polypharmacy is inevitable in these patients. Cardiologists and other physicians caring for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) need to be vigilant to comorbid conditions that may complicate the care of these patients. Future trials should focus on optimal strategies for the comprehensive management of the elderly patients with CHF with multiple comorbidities rather than the isolated effects of single drugs in younger patients with few or no comorbidities.
Towards Geo-Distributed Machine Learning

Latency to end-users and regulatory requirements push large companies to build data centers all around the world. The resulting data is "born" geographically distributed. On the other hand, many machine learning applications require a global view of such data in order to achieve the best results. These types of applications form a new class of learning problems, which we call Geo-Distributed Machine Learning (GDML). Such applications need to cope with: 1) scarce and expensive cross-data center bandwidth, and 2) growing privacy concerns that are pushing for stricter data sovereignty regulations. Current solutions to learning from geo-distributed data sources revolve around the idea of first centralizing the data in one data center, and then training locally. As machine learning algorithms are communication-intensive, the cost of centralizing the data is thought to be offset by the lower cost of intra-data center communication during training. In this work, we show that the current centralized practice can be far from optimal, and propose a system for doing geo-distributed training. Furthermore, we argue that the geo-distributed approach is structurally more amenable to dealing with regulatory constraints, as raw data never leaves the source data center. Our empirical evaluation on three real datasets confirms the general validity of our approach, and shows that GDML is not only possible but also advisable in many scenarios.
Some biological aspects of aquatic thermal discharges

The general introduction deals with aquatic ecology and thermal effects, industrial and natural. The specific case of the operation of the Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company plant is discussed--a documented pre- and post- operative study (1965--1972) of the ecosystem. Pertinent problems of entrainment and the passage of anadromous fishes are outlined, and the conclusion points to the matters of plant siting and the achievement of rational balance between the desirable ecology and the necessary economy.
Price-war dynamics in a free-market economy of software agents

One scenario of the future of computation populates the Internet with vast numbers of software agents providing, trading, and using a rich variety of information goods and services in an open, free-market economy. An essential task in such an economy is the retailing or brokering of information: gathering it from the right producers and distributing it to the right consumers. This paper investigates one crucial aspect of brokers' dynamical behavior , their price-setting mechanisms, in the context of a simple information ltering economy. We consider only the simplest cases in which a broker sets its price and product parameters based solely on the system's current state, without explicit prediction of the future. Analytical and numerical results show that the system's dynamical behavior in such \myopic" cases is generically an unending cycle of disastrous competitive \wars" in price/product space. These in turn are directly attributable to the existence of multiple peaks in the brokers' prootability landscapes, a feature whose generality is likely to extend far beyond our model.
Clinical course and outcomes of type-2 diabetic patients after treatment intensification for insufficient glycaemic control - results of the 2 year prospective DiaRegis follow-up

BackgroundIn cases where antidiabetic monotherapy is unable to sufficiently control glucose levels in patients with type-2 diabetes, treatment needs to be intensified. Determining factors that may be predictors for the occurrence of comorbidities in these patients is essential for improving the efficacy of clinical diabetes care.MethodsThe DiaRegis prospective cohort study included 3,810 type-2 diabetics for whom the treating physician aimed to intensify and optimise antidiabetic treatment due to insufficient glucose control. Treatment intensification was defined as increasing the dose of the originally prescribed drug, and/or selecting an alternative drug, and/or prescribing an additional drug. The aims were to monitor the co-morbidity burden of type-2 diabetic patients over a follow-up of two years, and to identify multivariable adjusted predictors for the development of comorbidity and cardiovascular events. total of 3,058 patients completed the 2 year follow-up. A substantial proportion of these patients had co-morbidities such as vascular disease, neuropathy, and heart failure at baseline. After treatment intensification, there was an increased use of DPP-4 inhibitors, insulin, and GLP-1 analogues, achieving reductions in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose. During the 2 year period 2.5% of patients (n = 75) died, 3.2% experienced non-fatal macrovascular events, 11.9% experienced microvascular events, and 4.3% suffered onset of heart failure. Predictors for combined macro-/microvascular complications/heart failure/death were found to be age (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.10–1.68), prior vascular disease (1.73; 1.39–2.16), and history of heart failure (2.78; 2.10–3.68).ConclusionsDetermining the factors that contribute to co-morbidities during intensive glucose-lowering treatment is essential for improving the efficacy of diabetes care. Our results indicate that age, prior vascular disease, and heart failure constitute important predictors of poor cardiovascular outcomes in patients receiving such therapy.
Interdisciplinary capstone design: Architects, structural engineers, and construction managers

The College of Architecture and Environmental Design at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo is the only college in the nation that has departments of Architecture, Architectural Engineering, Construction Management and Landscape Architecture in the same college. The institution has a 60 year tradition of collaboration between the engineering, architecture and construction disciplines, particularly at the lower division level. To enhance this collaboration, the college committed to providing an upper division, interdisciplinary experience to every student in the form of a project based, team oriented five unit studio laboratory that every student would take. The course is now in its third year and requires small teams of architecture, engineering, construction and landscape architecture students to complete the schematic level design of an actual building for a real client. The challenges in creating and executing such a course fall into three major areas: institutional, logistical and pedagogical. Institutional issues include university support and concurrence from four different department heads. Logistical issues range from finding open time within the four schedules to offer the course and securing physical locations for small and large group meeting areas to the seemingly mundane tasks of ensuring all students are in the correct location and finding common times for the instructors to meet. Pedagogically, the course needs a unified and integrated approach that must be agreed to and implemented by all professors. Traditionally professors work as individuals and team teaching of this magnitude is a paradigm shift that requires significant time, a flexible mindset and a commitment to collaborate. This paper reports on the progress of this course using survey assessment data and direct performance indicators. These same data provide valuable support to the 3 a-k ABET program criteria. The variety of projects undertaken to date illustrates the flexibility of this course. The paper describes how the challenges listed above have been overcome particularly concerning the role of the faculty in the course and the merging of very different department cultures. Finally, the future of the course and the suggested improvements are highlighted.
Politik und Wissenschaft im schwedischen Exil

Politics and Scholarship Among Germans in Swedish Exile. The author's main source is H. Mussener's doctoral thesis on the fate of the about 5,000 refugees of German speech who left Hitler-dominated Europe for Sweden during the fateful years 1933-45. Thirty per cent left for political reasons. Only about 60 immigrants possessed an academic background. Well-known is the Swedish influence on Willy Brandt, Bruno Kreisky, Herbert Wehner and others. But whereas the political refugees could count upon the solidarity and assistance of their Swedish party associates, the academics would find themselves moving in a milieu which was still strongly influenced by the pro-German university tradition ever since the period of German cultural predominance following upon Bismarck's foundation of the Reich. Only two academics were awarded university professorships, the philosopher Ernst Cassirer in Gothenburg and the psychologist David Katz in Stockholm, who both had to cope with the prevalent positivistic orientation of Swedish philosophy. The pro-German attitude of the German departments, coupled with their purely linguistic tradition, made it impossible for two prominent scholars to obtain a subsistence within the universities: Walter Berendsohn and Kate Hamburger. In 1952, however, Berendsohn was given a readership at the university of Stockholm and thanks to him the German Department soon became a centre for literary research, especially with regard to German literature in exile. Also in musicology immigrants have come to play an important part. After the war German literary critics and journalists, many of them by this time bi-lingual (like Peter Weiss), contributed to the re-establishment of cultural relations between Sweden and the German-speaking countries.
A web-based virtual laboratory for monitoring physical infrastructure

In this thesis, the design and implementation of a virtual laboratory for monitoring realworld physical infrastructure over the Internet are described. In particular, the implementation of such a remote laboratory to monitor the deformation under lateral wind loading of a flagpole at the MIT campus is considered. This project is one of several web-accessible remote laboratories that are part of Project I-Campus at MIT. In the first chapter, the motivation, objectives and educational benefits of such a monitoring laboratory are described. Remote virtual laboratories such as the one discussed in this thesis can provide an effective means for illustrating concepts in structural dynamics and signal processing and can be used to expose students to advances in sensor technology. They can also serve as ideal design and test platforms for active control algorithms. In the next chapter, a brief overview of the hardware aspects of this remote monitoring project, namely the sensors, data acquisition units and wirelessnetworking components is given. The next three chapters discuss the three main software components of this effort: programs that collect and disseminate data, those that archive the data and clients that process real-time and archived data in many ways. The sixth chapter describes some of the educational tools and simulations that have been developed as part of this virtual laboratory and discusses how they can be used in a classroom setting. The final chapter summarizes the thesis and provides directions for further research.  Prof. Kevin Amaratunga Title: Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Point-particle limit in a scalar theory of gravitation and the weak equivalence principle

A scalar theory with a preferred reference frame is summarized. To test that theory in celestial mechanics, an "asymptotic" post-Newtonian (PN) scheme has been developed. This associates a conceptual family of self-gravitating systems with the given system, in order to have a true small parameter available. The resulting equations for a weakly-self-gravitating system of extended bodies include internal-structure effects. The internal-structure influence subsists at the point-particle limit--a violation of the weak equivalence principle. If one could develop an "asymptotic" approximation scheme in general relativity also, this could plausibly be found there also, in a gauge where the PN space metric would not be "conformally Euclidean".
Disney Chanel: La adolescencia con sueño dulce, plácido y feliz

The multinational Disney Corporation is built as an organization that creates educational and cultural curriculum, building a global culture in which our students are immersed in and participate. Disney not only sells its own products but it also sells values and identities. This article is about the need that exists of developing critical educative instruments that allow us to be conscious and ask ourselves about the role that media has in political, educative and social issues. It is important to insist on the necessity of having and educative subject in schools. This educative subject will bring us closer to the language of communication and to the critical analysis. Moreover, it is necessary to have time in the media to offer the possibility of learning to use and to read the communicative products.
Petrogenesis and Geochemical Characteristics of Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks of Chagannur Iron Deposit Area in Western Tianshan,Xinjiang

The paper studies petrology,geochemistry,Nd,Sr isotope geochemistry of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in Chagannur iron deposit located in northeastern Yili block in western Tianshan.The rocks consist of basalt(a little),andesite,trachyte,rhyolite and volcaniclastic rock.Most of them belong to high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonite series,whereas a few rocks belong to calc-alkaline and low-K tholeiitic basalt.They are enriched in LREE and LILE(Rb,Ba,Th and U) with obvious depletions of Nb,Ta and Ti,which suggest an active continental margin environment.LA-ICP-MS ziron U-Pb dating of rhyolite suggests an isotopic age of(321.2±2.3)Ma,indicating that they were created by the subduction of ocean lithosphere of north Tianshan Ocean toward south beneath the Yili block.eNd(t) values of rocks are positive and initial 87Sr/86Sr(0.704 0-0.716 3) is variable.Basaltic magma derived from depleted mantle wedge,and andesitic magma derived from root of continental arc crust near the Moho surface,and rhyolitic magma source should be located in the underpart of lower crust of the continental arc.