nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Verbal memory and verbal fluency tasks used for language localization and lateralization during magnetoencephalography

The aim of this study was to develop a presurgical magnetoencephalography (MEG) protocol to localize and lateralize expressive and receptive language function as well as verbal memory in patients with epilepsy. Two simple language tasks and a different analytical procedure were developed.



Ten healthy participants and 13 epileptic patients completed two language tasks during MEG recording: a verbal memory task and a verbal fluency task. As a first step, principal component analyses (PCA) were performed on source data from the group of healthy participants to identify spatiotemporal factors that were relevant to these paradigms. Averaged source data were used to localize areas activated during each task and a laterality index (LI) was computed on an individual basis for both groups, healthy participants and patients, using sensor data.



PCA revealed activation in the left temporal lobe (300 ms) during the verbal memory task, and from the frontal lobe (210 ms) to the temporal lobe (500 ms) during the verbal fluency task in healthy participants. Averaged source data showed activity in the left hemisphere (250-750 ms), in Wernicke's area, for all participants. Left hemisphere dominance was demonstrated better using the verbal memory task than the verbal fluency task (F1,19=4.41, p=0.049). Cohen's kappa statistic revealed 93% agreement (k=0.67, p=0.002) between LIs obtained from MEG sensor data and fMRI, the IAT, electrical cortical stimulation or handedness with the verbal memory task for all participants. At 74%, agreement results for the verbal fluency task did not reach statistical significance.



Analysis procedures yielded interesting findings with both tasks and localized language-related activation. However, based on source localization and laterality indices, the verbal memory task yielded better results in the context of the presurgical evaluation of epileptic patients. The verbal fluency task did not add any further information to the verbal memory task as regards language localization and lateralization for most patients and healthy participants that would facilitate decision making prior to surgery.
Effects of music on complications during hemodialysis for chronic renal failure patients.

The study was planned as a case-control study to examine the effects of music on some of the complications experienced by chronic renal failure (CRF) patients during hemodialysis. A total of 60 patients (30 intervention and 30 control) diagnosed with end-stage renal failure undergoing hemodialysis treatment participated in this study. The study was conducted in Manisa Merkez Efendi State Hospital Hemodialysis Unit and Manisa Özel Anemon Hemodialysis between April 2012 and July 2012. The intervention group listened 30 minutes in each session (12 total sessions) Turkish art music at the beginning of the third hour of their hemodialysis sessions. Patient Information Form and visual analog scale to assess pain, nausea, vomiting, and cramps during hemodialysis session were used. For the analysis of data, the number, percentage, chi-square test, and significance test of independent group differences between two averages were conducted. According to the findings of the study, the average of the intervention and control group ages, respectively, was 50.86 ± 11.3 and 55.13 ± 9.68. The primary duration of hemodialysis treatment for both intervention and control groups was "1 year and above" (70.0%). The intervention group's pain and nausea scores were lower than the control group for all 12 sessions. The difference between the intervention and the control group's pain scores was significant (P < 0.05). However, in pain scores from the first session to 12th session, continuous decreasing trend was not observed. According to the results, music can be used as an independent nursing practice for reduction of complications for CRF patients receiving hemodialysis treatment.
Thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is effective in opening the infarct-related artery in patients with myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. However, the embolization of atherothrombotic debris induces microvascular obstruction and diminishes myocardial reperfusion.



We performed a randomized trial assessing whether manual aspiration was superior to conventional treatment during primary PCI. A total of 1071 patients were randomly assigned to the thrombus-aspiration group or the conventional-PCI group before undergoing coronary angiography. Aspiration was considered to be successful if there was histopathological evidence of atherothrombotic material. We assessed angiographic and electrocardiographic signs of myocardial reperfusion, as well as clinical outcome. The primary end point was a myocardial blush grade of 0 or 1 (defined as absent or minimal myocardial reperfusion, respectively).



A myocardial blush grade of 0 or 1 occurred in 17.1% of the patients in the thrombus-aspiration group and in 26.3% of those in the conventional-PCI group (P<0.001). Complete resolution of ST-segment elevation occurred in 56.6% and 44.2% of patients, respectively (P<0.001). The benefit did not show heterogeneity among the baseline levels of the prespecified covariates. At 30 days, the rate of death in patients with a myocardial blush grade of 0 or 1, 2, and 3 was 5.2%, 2.9%, and 1.0%, respectively (P=0.003), and the rate of adverse events was 14.1%, 8.8%, and 4.2%, respectively (P<0.001). Histopathological examination confirmed successful aspiration in 72.9% of patients.



Thrombus aspiration is applicable in a large majority of patients with myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, and it results in better reperfusion and clinical outcomes than conventional PCI, irrespective of clinical and angiographic characteristics at baseline.
4D in in vivo 2-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy with sample motion in 6 degrees of freedom

2-Photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) is often used for chronic in vivo studies. Small deviations in the sample orientation, however, make comparison of three-dimensional image stacks taken at different time-points challenging. When analysing changes of three-dimensional structures over time (4D imaging) this fundamental problem is one of the main limitations when complex structures are studied repetitively. We used an upright two-photon microscope complemented with a software-controlled stage-rotation instead of a conventional stage for chronic in vivo imaging in the brain of transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Before every session an optimal imaging condition was successfully created by aligning the surface of the cranial window perfectly perpendicular to the laser beam. Deviations in the sample orientation between consecutive imaging sessions could be eliminated which improves conditions for chronic in vivo studies.
Clinical potential of combined organic nitrate and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor in treatment-resistant hypertension.

NO donor drugs (eg, isosorbide mononitrate; ISMN) and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (eg, sildenafil) have antihypertensive properties, and the combination can markedly reduce blood pressure (BP). The objective of this "proof-of-concept" study was to investigate the effect on BP of a combination of single oral doses of sildenafil (50 mg) and ISMN (10 mg) in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension. Six subjects with treatment-resistant hypertension were included, and their usual antihypertensive medication was continued during the study. Sildenafil alone, ISMN alone, and the combination all reduced brachial and central aortic BPs compared with placebo. The combination of sildenafil and ISMN produced the largest fall in BP (maximum brachial BP reduction of 26/18 mm Hg compared with placebo), without producing significant adverse effects. ISMN, alone and in combination with sildenafil, also reduced arterial wave reflection and central BP. In summary, in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension maintained on their usual antihypertensive treatment, sildenafil given alone and ISMN given alone both acutely reduced BP. There was additional BP reduction when these drugs were given in combination. In this therapeutically challenging group of patients, the combination of an NO donor drug and a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor may represent an effective treatment. Longer studies in larger numbers of patients are now justified.
Adapt-UI: an IDE supporting model-driven development of self-adaptive UIs

Self-adaptive UIs (SAUIs) have been promoted as a solution for context variability due to their ability to automatically adapt to the context-of-use at runtime. The development of SAUIs is a complex task since self-adaptivity and context management aspects have to be incorporated in the UI development process. In this paper, we present an integrated development environment (IDE) for model-driven development of SAUIs. This IDE, named Adapt-UI, provides integrated views for UI, context and adaptation modeling. Based on the specified models, final UI code and context as well as adaptation services are generated and integrated in an overall UI framework. This allows runtime UI adaptation realized by an automatic reaction to context-of-use changes. The benefit of our approach is demonstrated by a case study, showing the development of self-adaptive UIs for a university library application, utilizing the Angular 2 JavaScript framework.
Phosphate removal with several thrice-weekly dialysis methods in overweight hemodialysis patients.

Currently available phosphate binders are associated with either hypercalcemia or high costs, which limit their use in hemodialysis patients. Whether modifying dialysis prescription to intensify small-solute clearance also leads to better phosphate clearance is unknown.



Randomized crossover trial.



Large patients (>80 kg; N = 18) who could not achieve adequate Kt/V during a standard 4-hour thrice-weekly prescription of maintenance hemodialysis.



2 high-flux dialyzers in parallel for 4 hours in comparison to 3 other dialysis modalities (4 hours of standard hemodialysis, 4.5 hours of hemodialysis, and 4 hours of hemodialysis with increased dialysate flow).



(1) Predialysis serum phosphate level, (2) postdialysis phosphate level, (3) phosphate clearance, and (4) phosphate removal, all assessed during the last midweek session for each of the 4 different modalities.



Mean baseline predialysis serum phosphate level was 5.95 +/- 1.95 mg/dL. Using 2 dialyzers in parallel was associated with a significant decrease in predialysis serum phosphate level compared with standard hemodialysis (1.33 mg/dL lower; P = 0.01). Mean serum postdialysis serum phosphate levels during the last treatment of the double-dialyzer period were also lower by 0.43 and 0.74 mg/dL than during the last treatment of the standard-hemodialysis (P = 0.05) and increased-dialysate-flow (P < 0.001) periods, respectively. The double-dialyzer strategy also was associated with greater phosphate clearance (177.2 [corrected] mL/min; 95% confidence interval [CI], 158.6 to 195.9) [corrected] than the other 3 strategies (129.8 [corrected] mL/min; 95% CI, 111.2 to 148.4; 135.4 mL/min; 95% CI, 115.4 to 155.3; and 131.2 mL/min; 95% CI, 112.0 to 150.4), [corrected] but not greater phosphate removal.



Small sample size, short study duration, and results of phosphate removal analysis inconclusive.



Use of 2 dialyzers in parallel for 6 weeks in overweight hemodialysis patients led to substantially lower predialysis phosphate levels. Future studies should explore the potential contribution of increased dialyzer surface area to better control of serum phosphate levels in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
The utility of the IGF-I generation test in children with chronic kidney disease

To determine if the insulin-like-growth factor (IGF-I) generation test is a marker for growth hormone (GH) sensitivity in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This was a randomized cross-over study in which children with CKD received low-dose (0.025 mg/kg/day) and high-dose (0.05 mg/kg/day) GH therapy in the framework of a 7-day IGF-I generation test. Blood samples were collected on day 1 (D1; pre-dose) and on day 8 (D8; post 7 doses) of GH therapy. All subjects received GH for 12 months at 0.05 mg/kg/day. Serum IGF-I was measured by radioimmunometric assay. Normative historic data from healthy children and those with idiopathic short stature were used for comparison. Sixteen subjects (age 2–13 years) with creatinine clearances of between 25 and 75 ml/min/1.73 m2 were enrolled. Annualized height velocity for all subjects was 10.3 ±1.1 cm/year (mean ± standard deviation), with an annual change in height Z score of 0.7 ± 1.0. No correlation was found between the generated serum IGF-I levels (D8 − D1) and creatinine clearances, and with changes in height Z scores. Serum IGF-I levels on D1 and D8 in CKD subjects were lower than normative data, but with adequate IGF-I generation on D8. Children with CKD were able to respond to GH therapy with both growth and an increase in serum IGF-I levels, but the IGF-I generation test was not a good predictor of growth response in this cohort.
The orally administered P-glycoprotein inhibitor R101933 does not alter the plasma pharmacokinetics of docetaxel.

This Phase I study was performed to assess the feasibility of combining docetaxel with the new P-glycoprotein inhibitor R101933 and to determine the dose limiting toxicity of this combination. Fifteen patients received oral R101933 alone at a dose escalated from 200 to 300 mg twice daily (b.i.d.; cycle 0), an escalating i.v. dose of docetaxel (60, 75, and 100 mg/m2) as a 1-h infusion (cycle 1), and the combination (cycle 2 and further). Dose limiting toxicity consisting of mucositis and neutropenic fever was reached at the combination of docetaxel, 100 mg/m2, and R101933, 300 mg b.i.d., and the maximum tolerated dose was established at docetaxel, 100 mg/m2, and R101933, 200 mg b.i.d. Plasma concentrations of R101933 achieved in patients were in the same range as required in preclinical rodent models to overcome paclitaxel resistance. The plasma pharmacokinetics of docetaxel were not influenced by the R101933 regimen at any dose level tested, as indicated by plasma clearance values of 26.5 +/- 7.78 liters/h/m2 and 23.4 +/- 4.52 liters/h/m2 (P = 0.15) in cycles 1 and 2, respectively. These findings indicate that the contribution of a P-glycoprotein inhibitor to the activity of anticancer chemotherapy can now be assessed in patients for the first time independent of its effect on drug pharmacokinetics.
Are There Neurophenotypes for Asthma? Functional Brain Imaging of the Interaction between Emotion and Inflammation in Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease noteworthy for its vulnerability to stress and emotion-induced symptom intensification. The fact that psychological stress and mood and anxiety disorders appear to increase expression of asthma symptoms suggests that neural signaling between the brain and lung at least partially modulates the inflammatory response and lung function. However, the precise nature of the neural pathways implicated in modulating asthma symptoms is unknown. Moreover, the extent to which variations in neural signaling predict different phenotypes of disease expression has not been studied.



We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural signals in response to asthma-specific emotional cues, following allergen exposure, in asthmatics with a dual response to allergen challenge (significant inflammation), asthmatics with only an immediate response (minimal inflammation), and healthy controls. The anterior insular cortex was differentially activated by asthma-relevant cues, compared to general negative cues, during the development of the late phase of the dual response in asthmatics. Moreover, the degree of this differential activation predicted changes in airway inflammation.



These findings indicate that neurophenotypes for asthma may be identifiable by neural reactivity of brain circuits known to be involved in processing emotional information. Those with greater activation in the anterior insula, in response to asthma-relevant psychological stimuli, exhibit greater inflammatory signals in the lung and increased severity of disease and may reflect a subset of asthmatics most vulnerable to the development of psychopathology. This approach offers an entirely new target for potential therapeutic intervention in asthma.
A Medical Research Council randomized trial of single agent carboplatin versus etoposide and cisplatin for advanced metastatic seminoma

The UK Medical Research Council conducted this trial of carboplatin chemotherapy in advanced seminoma to compare single agent carboplatin with a standard combination of etoposide with cisplatin. The use of single agent carboplatin was expected to be associated with reduced toxicity. A total of 130 patients with advanced seminoma were randomly assigned to treatment with either single agent carboplatin (C) at a dose of 400 mg/m2 to be corrected for glomerular filtration rate outside the range 81–120 ml min–1 and to be administered on day 1 of a 21 day cycle to a total of 4 cycles or to etoposide + platinum (EP). The trial was designed as an equivalence study aiming to exclude a reduction in the 3-year progression-free survival in patients allocated to carboplatin of between 10 and 15%, requiring initially a target accrual of 250 patients (90% power significance level 5% (one-sided)). The trial closed after 130 patients had been randomized following recommendation by an independent data monitoring committee. At a median follow-up time of 4.5 years, 81% of patients had been followed up for at least 3 years and 19 patients have died. The estimated PFS rate (95% Confidence Intervals (CI)) at 3 years was 71% (60–82%) in patients allocated C and 81% (71–90%) in those allocated EP; the 95% CI for the difference in 3 year PFS was –6% to +19%. The hazard ratio of 0.64 (95% CI 0.32–1.28) favoured EP but the difference was not statistically significant (log rank chi-squared = 1.59 P = 0.21). The 3-year survival rate was 84% (75–92%) in those allocated C, and 89% (81–96%) in those allocated EP. The hazard ratio for survival was 0.85 with 95% CI, 0.35–2.10, log rank chi-squared = 0.12, P = 0.73. The trial has not demonstrated statistically significant differences in the major survival endpoints comparing single agent carboplatin with a combination of etoposide + cisplatin. This cannot be taken as an indication of equivalence since the limited size of this trial rendered it unable to exclude a 19% lower progression-free survival and survival in those treated with single agent carboplatin which would be important clinically. Standard initial chemotherapy for advanced seminoma should be based on cisplatin combinations and the role of carboplatin awaits the outcome of further studies.
Hedonic tone and its mood and cognitive correlates in Parkinson's disease.

Anhedonia has been mainly reported as a symptom of depression and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Here, we investigated whether hedonic tone depends on depression and clarified its relationship with the cognitive performance of PD patients with different mood disorders.



In 254 patients, we assessed hedonic tone using the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, depression severity using the Beck Depression Inventory, and cognitive performances using the Mental Deterioration Battery. A structural psychiatric interview was used to diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD) and minor depressive disorder (MIND), according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria.



PD patients with diagnosis of MDD were more anhedonic than those with MIND and those without depressive disorders. Reduced hedonic tone correlated with depression severity in patients with MDD and no depressive disorders. In multivariate models that consider depression severity and cognitive performances together, anhedonia was related to increased depression severity and episodic memory (auditory-verbal learning) impairment, in patients with MDD and with increased depression severity and attention impairment in patients with no depressive disorders. In patients with MIND, anhedonia did not correlate with depression severity or any cognitive performance score.



Our findings suggest that anhedonia is related to depression severity and specific cognitive performances in patients with MDD and with no depressive disorder. By contrast, the reduced hedonic tone in patients with MIND is independent from depression severity and cognition. Thus, anhedonia in PD is a heterogeneous and multidimensional phenomenon and require investigation at different levels.
Naltrexone for the treatment of alcoholism: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Many trials of naltrexone have been carried out in alcohol-dependent patients. This paper is aimed to systematically review its benefits, adverse effects, and discontinuation of treatment. We assessed and extracted the data of double-blind, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing naltrexone with placebo or other treatment in people with alcoholism. Two primary outcomes were subjects who relapsed (including heavy drinking) and those who returned to drinking. Secondary outcomes were time to first drink, drinking days, number of standard drinks for a defined period, and craving. All outcomes were reported for the short, medium, and long term. Five common adverse effects and dropout rates in short-term treatment were also examined. A total of 2861 subjects in 24 RCTs presented in 32 papers were included. For short-term treatment, naltrexone significantly decreased relapses [relative risk (RR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-0.82], but not return to drinking (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.81-1.02). Short-term treatment of naltrexone significantly increased nausea, dizziness, and fatigue in comparison to placebo [RRs (95% CIs) 2.14 (1.61-2.83), 2.09 (1.28-3.39), and 1.35 (1.04-1.75)]. Naltrexone administration did not significantly diminish short-term discontinuation of treatment (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.70-1.01). Naltrexone should be accepted as a short-term treatment for alcoholism. As yet, we do not know the appropriate duration of treatment continuation in an alcohol-dependent patient who responds to short-term naltrexone administration. To ensure that the real-world treatment is as effective as the research findings, a form of psychosocial therapy should be concomitantly given to all alcohol-dependent patients receiving naltrexone administration.
Hip Arthroscopy in athletes with Femoroacetabular Impingement: functional outcomes

This open-access article is published and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial No Derivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits the noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction of the article in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this article without the permission of the Author(s). For reprints and permission queries, please visit SAGE’s Web site at http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav. Hip Arthroscopy in athletes with Femoroacetabular Impingement: functional outcomes.