nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Augustinian Christian Philosophy

How does Christianity bear on philosophy? Is there such a thing as Christian philosophy, or are there only Christians who are also philoso phers? How should Christianity and philosophy be related? Should they be related? In "Advice to Christian Philosophers" I said that Christian philosophers should display more autonomy: they have their own fish to fry, their own projects to pursue, (or their own axes to grind, as some might prefer to put it). Here I want to say more about what these projects (or fish, or axes) are like. And the right way to think about these matters, so it seems to me, is broadly Augustinian. Accordingly, I want to propose a program matic sketch (a very programmatic sketch) of a conception of Christian philosophy that grows out of some central Augustinian emphases. I don't claim, however, that Augustine in fact thought of Christian philosophy the way I shall suggest. The primary focus of my paper is not historical (that would in any event be beyond my competence); what I want to do is make a suggestion as to how we should think about Christian philosophy now; but this way of thinking of the matter grows out of Augustinian  It's worth noting, furthermore, that what is at issue is not just a way of thinking about Christianity and philosophy, but about Christianity and scholarship more generally. There are at least four elements in Augustinian Christian philosophy. The first two of these are widely recognized and relatively uncontroversial: I shall therefore be brief about them. The remaining two, however, require more by way of explanation, illustration and defense.
New Frontiers in the Study of Color-Blind Racism: A Materialist Approach

It is well established that the dominant ideological framework for discussing race in the contemporary United States is that of color blindness—that is, the notion that racial inequality is best understood as deriving from individual or cultural traits as opposed to systemic racism. This ideology permeates institutions and interpersonal interactions, thus upholding racial inequality. Although identifying this framework has been a crucial project for the study of contemporary racism, the scholarship has become stagnant, most often identifying the presence of the ideology or its central discursive frames without offering other important insights. It is time to return to our materialist roots in the discipline, recentering our studies of contemporary racism on the ways that individuals embedded in complex social relations make sense of race and racism beyond mere frame identification. Doing so will raise and begin to answer important questions about the complexity of modern racism and how we might best be ab...
Variation of the Rate of Decay of Mesotrons with Momentum

In order to determine the dependence of the probability of decay on momentum, mesotrons with range between 196 and 311 g/cm' of lead and mesotrons with range larger than 311 g/cm' of lead were investigated separately. The softer group of mesotrons was found to disintegrate at a rate about three times faster than the more penetrating group, in agreement with the theoretical predictions based on the relativity change in rate of a moving clock. A new value of the proper lifetime of mesotrons of (2.4+0.3) &(10 ' sec. is determined, based upon measurements with particles with momentum of approximately 5 &&10' ev/c.
Blending and characters' mental functioning in Virginia Woolf's Lappin and Lapinova.

In this article I apply Fauconnier and Turner's (2002) theory of conceptual integration, or blending, to the analysis of a central aspect of the main characters’ mental lives in Virginia Woolf's story ‘Lappin and Lapinova’. The female protagonist of the story, Rosalind, has difficulties adjusting to her role as the new wife of Ernest Thorburn, and therefore constructs an alternative fantasy world where Ernest is a rabbit king called Lappin. At the beginning of their married life, Rosalind and Ernest develop this fantasy world together, and add to it a counterpart for Rosalind herself – a hare called Queen Lapinova. With the passing of time, Ernest loses interest in the fantasy, but Rosalind becomes increasingly dependent on it, so that Ernest's announcement of Lapinova's death at the end of the story also results in the ‘end’ of their marriage. In my analysis, I show how the ‘rabbit’ fantasy world can be described in terms of what Fauconnier and Turner (2002) call a conceptual integration network: a dynam...
Nonlocal character of quantum theory

According to a common conception of causality, the truth of a statement that refers only to phenomena confined to an earlier time cannot depend upon which measurement an experimenter will freely choose to perform at a later time. According to a common idea of the theory of relativity this causality condition should be valid in all Lorentz frames. It is shown here that this concept of relativistic causality is incompatible with some simple predictions of quantum theory.
Human and quasi-Bayesian observers of images limited by quantum noise, object-variability, and artifacts

An improved process of making shaped explosives for a shaped charge device. In the process, the crystalline explosive is divided into two parts. One part of the explosive is coated with a liquid prepolymer, and the second part is coated with a liquid curing agent. The two parts are combined, shaped, and consolidated at room temperature under a pressure of 20000 psi for a dwell time of one minute to produce a shaped explosive.
Illumination and Sculpture in Thirteenth-Century Amiens: The Invention of the Body of Saint Firmin in the Psalter and Hours of Yolande of Soissons

The Psalter and Hours of Yolande of Soissons, a manuscript dating from the late thirteenth century that is now in the Pierpont Morgan Library (M729), is a richly illuminated example of the private devotional book that became increasingly popular in the later Middle Ages. This manuscript uses thirty-nine full-page miniatures framed by elaborate architectural borders, sixty-four historiated initials, and numerous borders filled with foliage ornament, grotesques, human figures, and animals to articulate the combined texts of the Psalter and the Book of Hours. Both the quantity and the high quality of decoration make this book an outstanding example of French Gothic illumination, but, although a localization at Amiens has often been suggested, questions about its exact place of origin have never been adequately resolved.1 The identification of the subject of one miniature in M729 and the comparison of this illustration with another representation of the same event, however, can contribute to a solution of the...
Hazard Analysis Techniques for Mobile Construction Robots

35 This paper introduces the problem of safety for mobile construction robots and explains the concept of a "hazard" in safety analysis. The well known Safety Lifecycle Model is described. This model is then expanded to illustrate the hazard analysis process in more detail. The documents required for the hazard and risk analysis are detailed, and three well known hazard analysis techniques reviewed HAZOP, FMECA and Fault Tree Analysis. The shortfalls of these techniques are described, and a new technique known as Consequence Led Analysis of Safety and Hazards (CLASH) is proposed.
Putting energy insecurity into historical context: European responses to the energy crises of the 1970s and 2000s

Recent discussions on the development of European Union (EU) energy policy have become dominated by a discourse of insecurity relating to the questions of energy dependence and relations with energy suppliers, echoing the debate during the energy crises of the 1970s. This article compares the two periods, analysing the way in which the EU (and the European Community in the 1970s) reacted to disruptions to energy supply. The article critically applies the concept of securitization, arguing that while the salience of energy increased in both periods, the Europeans neither faced an “existential threat” nor adopted “extraordinary measures” in responding to the crises.
Quantum-Informational Principles for Physics

It is time to to take a pause of reflection on the general foundations of physics, for re-examining the logical solidity of the most basic principles, as the relativity and the gravity-acceleration equivalence. The validity at the Planck scale of such principles is under dispute. A constructive criticism engages us in seeking new general principles, which reduce to the old ones only in the already explored domain of energies. At the very basis of physics there are epistemological and operational rules for the same formulability of the physical law and for the computability of its theoretical predictions. Such rules give rise to new solid principles, leading us to a quantum-information theoretic formulation, that hinges on the logical identification of the experimental protocol with the quantum algorithm.
Beyond Friendship: Aristotle on Conflict, Deliberation, and Attention

Aristotle is generally understood as a theorist of unitary rather than adversary democracy. Although it cannot be denied that Aristotle stresses the role of community and friendship in politics, I argue that his understanding of deliberation takes its very meaning from the presence of (multiple) conflicts. Aristotle thus provides us with a communicative conception of political practice that does not require the bonds of civic friendship, nor shared substantive interests. What makes politics possible for Aristotle in the face of such discord is a quality of attention inherent in the very practice of deliberation. Aristotle's analysis of rhetoric gives us a fuller account of this "attention," and points to some of the problems and possibilities of this account for contemporary democratic theory.
The Ethical Significance of Shame: Insights of Aristotle and Xunzi

A constructive interpretation of the Confucian conception of shame is offered here. Xunzi's discussion is considered the locus classicus of the Confucian conception of shame as contrasted with honor. In order to show his conception as an articulation and development of the more inchoate attitudes of Confucius and Mencius, an excursion is made into the Lunyu and the Mengzi. Aristotle's conception of shame is used as a sort of catalyst, an opening for appreciating Xunzi's complementary insights.
Relation of the majority people to the Roma.

This chapter of the Global report on Roma in Slovakia analyses
the relationship of the majority population to the Roma in
Slovakia, reflecting the results of public opinion polls. The
author examines the considerable social gulf between the
majority population and the Roma, and explains how these
prejudices arose. The author analyzes the results of public
opinion polls in explaining the social gap between the majority
and the Roma, criticizes misleading studies of social distance,
and examines perceptions of the social standing of the Roma in
Slovakia. In conclusion, the author warns of a rise in tension
between the majority and the Roma, and evaluates the danger of
ethnic conflict as social chasms continue to deepen.
Perspectives on Security in Twentieth-Century Europe and the World

Despite the present-day attraction of ‘security’ as an attention-grabbing word in politics and the public sphere, the study of security is a missing chapter in many state-of-the-art surveys of historical literature. Its central relevance for the modern statehood has been obvious for centuries in the European context. In Thomas Hobbes's mid-seventeenth-century Leviathan , written in the context of the devastating English civil war and previous religious wars, government was given the fundamental role in guaranteeing security. Over the course of the twentieth century, intellectuals have constantly debated Hobbes's ideas and concepts about security and societal peace. Especially after the second world war, security has found major attention in the fields of International Relations and its sub-discipline security studies. Security studies evolved during the nuclear age and were originally foremost about the study of the threat, use and control of military force, as one proponent of security studies, Stephen Walt, stated. They were mainly concerned with military strategy and giving policy advice to the military. Since the cold war, the study of security has come a long way. Most importantly, as Emma Rothschild has reminded us, during the past two decades or so, the concept was first extended downwards from states to individuals, upwards from the nation to the biosphere and horizontally from the military to the economic, social, political and environmental. It is the reflection of this dynamic change in theory, methodology and empirical research that connects most of the books under review in this article.
Diet therapy--a forgotten art?

This study evaluated paediatric nursing students' knowledge of diet therapy to establish whether it was sufficient to prepare them for practice. A questionnaire sampled 19 1st-year and nine 4th-year students' diet therapy knowledge in relation to chronic renal failure, cystic fibrosis, juvenile diabetes mellitus and liver disease. The knowledge of 1st and 4th-year students was compared and then evaluated against criteria, devised by the researcher to measure whether this knowledge level was sufficient for practice. The Mann-Whitney Utest showed a significant difference between the 1st and 4th-years' diet therapy knowledge. The mean score for overall diet therapy knowledge of 4th-year students was 46 per cent. The results suggest that knowledge of diet therapy is insufficient to prepare nursing students for practice and that this topic needs further emphasis in paediatric nurse education.
Care of the Athlete With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Review

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from a highly specific immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. For many years, one of the mainstays of therapy for patients with T1DM has been exercise balanced with appropriate medications and medical nutrition. Compared to healthy peers, athletes with T1DM experience nearly all the same health-related benefits from exercise. Despite these benefits, effective management of the T1DM athlete is a constant challenge due to various concerns such as the increased risk of hypoglycemia. This review seeks to summarize the available literature and aid clinicians in clinical decision-making for this patient population.



PubMed searches were conducted for "type 1 diabetes mellitus AND athlete" along with "type 1 diabetes mellitus AND exercise" from database inception through November 2015. All articles identified by this search were reviewed if the article text was available in English and related to management of athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Subsequent reference searches of retrieved articles yielded additional literature included in this review.



The majority of current literature available exists as recommendations, review articles, or proposed societal guidelines, with less prospective or higher-order treatment studies available. The available literature is presented objectively with an attempt to describe clinically relevant trends and findings in the management of athletes living with T1DM.



Managing T1DM in the context of exercise or athletic competition is a challenging but important skill for athletes living with this disease. A proper understanding of the hormonal milieu during exercise, special nutritional needs, glycemic control, necessary insulin dosing adjustments, and prevention/management strategies for exercise-related complications can lead to successful care plans for these patients. Individualized management strategies should be created with close cooperation between the T1DM athlete and their healthcare team (including a physician and dietitian).
Metallogenic Prognosis in the Maiergaixi Region, Southwest Tianshan Orogeny

Ore-forming geological conditions, characteristics of geophysics, geochemistry and distribution of mineral resources in the Maiergaixi Region, Southwest Tianshan Orogeny, were analyzed on the basis of previous research results and regional geology together with prospecting practice. It indicated that the most promising minerals are copper, lead, gold and stibium in the region. The deposit types for prospecting in the region are copper deposits related with volcanics, transformed sedimentary copper and lead-zinc deposits, hydrothermal type lead-zinc deposits, stibium-gold deposits related with hydrothermal fluid and gold deposits of tectonic altered rock. The discovered deposits occurred in clastic rocks of paleozoic Upper Siliurian-Lower Devonian Wupataergan terrain and the Yuoshihan ophiolitic rock. The deposits distributed in the outer contact zone of Ludeniewa rock terrain were controlled by compressor-shear faults trending for E-W and NEE-SWW. The ore-forming had close relationship with Ludeniewa rock terrain, and abnormal geophysical and geochemical exploration. Six favorable ore-prospecting areas and eight prospecting targets had been delineated. The most promising minerals, deposit types, clues for prospecting and prospecting potential were discussed and summarized. The analysis and ranking for the eight targets are expected to be referenced by field geologists.
The effect of atmosphere on the structure and properties of a selective laser melted Al-12Si alloy

Al–12Si components were manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) using three different atmospheres: argon; nitrogen and helium. The atmosphere type did not affect the part's density or hardness and all components reached near full relative density (>97%). The mechanical properties of the components produced in Ar and N 2 were superior to those in He, especially the ductility, which has been attributed to the formation of pore clusters in the microstructure. The mechanical properties in SLM-produced components are superior to those produced using conventional method.
Late Mesoproterozoic to earliest Neoproterozoic basin record of the Sibao orogenesis in western South China and relationship to the assembly of Rodinia

New geochronological and geochemical constraints on the 5000–9000 m thick Precambrian sedimentary and volcanic successions exposed along the western margin of the South China Block indicate the presence of two distinct tectonostratigraphic successions. The earliest, termed here the Laowushan Formation, comprises of volcanic rocks such as alkali basalts, breccias and tuff that are atypical of the sedimentary rocks in the previously defined Kunyang Group. A tuff within the Laowushan Formation yielded a SHRIMP U–Pb zircon age of 1142 ± 16 Ma. The alkali basalts have a geochemical signature similar to basalts found in modern intracontinental rifts, with a uniform Nd isotopic character (ɛNd = −0.87 to +0.84). New U–Pb geochronology constrains the depositional age of the Kunyang Group to between ca. 1000 and 960 Ma, contemporaneous with the peak of the Sibao Orogeny. The succession largely consists of siltstone, sandstone and limestone deposited in marine, lagoonal and fluvial environments. Detrital zircon ages record changes in provenance from dominantly Archean (ca. 3570–2660 Ma) and Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1950–1800 Ma) ages in the basal and middle parts of the succession to predominately Paleoproterozoic (2140–1730 Ma) and smaller Mesoproterozoic to earliest Neoproterozoic (ca. 1500–1200 and 1093–960 Ma) components at the top of the succession. We interpret the Laowushan Formation and the Kunyang Group to be deposited during separate basin-forming events. The earliest, at ca. 1140 Ma, is interpreted to be an intracontinental rift basin, but the presence of exotic detrital grains may indicate a local early collision between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks prior to the Sibao Orogeny. We suggest a tectonic scenario similar to the modern Rhine Graben where extension occurs orthogonally to the orogenic front. The traditionally defined Kunyang Group represents a foreland basin sequence which received increasingly juvenile sediments from an uplifted Sibao orogenic belt during the late Mesoproterozoic–earliest Neoproterozoic closure of the remaining ocean between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks.
Richard Taylor and the Children of Noah: Race, Science and Religion in the South Seas

The nineteenth century was a time of expansion for the British Empire and the Christian missions. The period from the 1830s through to the 1870s was also a time in which a change in racial paradigms occurred in British intellectual life. In the 1830s, thinking on race was dominated by Christian paternalistic humanitarianism, as reflected by the abolitionist and missionary movements. By the 1870s the views of many thinkers on race had hardened, with contemporary science being used to support a vision of defined racial hierarchies resulting from natural evolutionary processes, accompanied by the inevitable decline and extinction of ‘weaker races’ in competition with Europeans. The weakening of the Christian humanitarian view on race has been seen as reflecting the mid-nineteenth-century triumph of a scientific world-view over one based on religion. This chapter seeks to question this supposed polarization of science and religion. It looks at how one man, Richard Taylor (1805–1873), a missionary and a naturalist, sought to reconcile the issues raised by contemporary scientific discoveries with his own religious beliefs. It examines Taylor’s attempts to use both science and religion to argue against racial inequality and for the idea that a truly Christian British Empire would mitigate the damaging effects of imperialism by spreading civilization and the word of God.
Evolutionary Explanations for Cooperation

Natural selection favours genes that increase an organism's ability to survive and reproduce. This would appear to lead to a world dominated by selfish behaviour. However, cooperation can be found at all levels of biological organisation: genes cooperate in genomes, organelles cooperate to form eukaryotic cells, cells cooperate to make multicellular organisms, bacterial parasites cooperate to overcome host defences, animals breed cooperatively, and humans and insects cooperate to build societies. Over the last 40 years, biologists have developed a theoretical framework that can explain cooperation at all these levels. Here, we summarise this theory, illustrate how it may be applied to real organisms and discuss future directions.
Survey Of Research In Industrial Sociology (1987-2002)

This paper attempts to assess the research done in the field of industrial sociology during the period 1987 and 2002. Only published work have been noted. The review does not cover unpublished M. Phil. and Ph. D. dissertations, nor does it take into account unpublished research reports. While industrial sociology has made an impact of the social sciences, much more needs to be done in terms of research, especially in the emerging areas.
The community of Overland

Contains an overview of the Australian literary and cultural journal Overland. Overland was founded in 1954, under the auspices of the Realist Writers Group with Stephen Murray-Smith being the first editor. The paper reviews the history of other literary and political journals and magazines, such as Quadrant, The Bulletin, Meanjin and Nation. Some of them ceased to exist, however Overland has persisted to provide one of the few places where literary and political debate continues in the single task of reinterpreting the Australian tradition in order to produce the circumstances for a free and independent Australia.