nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Going Too Far? Sex, Sin and Social Policy

This paper examines the impact of the Religious Right on American social policy as it relates to family, sexuality and reproductive health. The article focuses on the current debates and practices of abstinence-until-marriage programs vs. comprehensive sex education programs - and the ways in which they reflect and affect cultural attitudes about sexuality, teenagers, parents and rights. The manuscript is based on comparative fieldwork, including participant observations in schools and interviews in the United States and Denmark with teenagers, teachers and sexuality educators. We question whether it is sex education that goes too far in promoting early and promiscuous sex or the Religious Right in attempting to censor vital information and services from young people. What if I want to have sex outside of marriage? I guess you'll just have to be prepared to die. - No Second Chance The United States leads the industrialized world in teen pregnancy, abortion and sexually- transmitted disease rates - and in legislating and funding abstinence-until-marriage programs as social policy. It also stands out as the only industrialized country still embroiled in a debate about whether creationism should be taught in public schools. These issues help reveal the dynamic interplay between religion and politics in the United States. In examining the role and power of conservative religious groups in shaping domestic and foreign policy, this paper focuses on the issues of reproductive and sexual health, education and family - and the impact they have on young people. In order to illuminate the cultural and political-economic factors that inform debates and social policy concerning sexuality and gender in the United States, this study presents a comparative analysis of Danish and U.S. approaches to family planning, reproductive health and sexuality education. This analysis of young people, their teachers, sex educators and sex ed materials in the United States and Denmark represents more than a year of ethnographic fieldwork and participant-observation in Roskilde, Denmark and central Pennsylvania. i The
Towards an Asia-Europe Education Dialogue: Learning Communities for the Future

Europe and Asia represent between them a significant land mass and population density as well cultural traditions and historical connections that highlight the diversity and the commonalities of their constituent nation states. The European Union has recognized the importance of Asia in its policy priorities and Asian leaders increasingly look to Europe not just for investment opportunities but also cultural contacts with a special focus on encouraging mobility in the field of education. This paper examines the rationale for greater Asia-Europe dialogue especially in the field of education. It locates the basis of dialogue not just in high stakes international assessments of student performance but also cultural traditions that focus on deliberation and cooperative learning.
Creating minds : an anatomy of creativity seen through the lives of Freud, Einstein, Picasso, Stravinsky, Eliot, Graham, and Gandhi

Since it was first published in 1993, Creating Minds has served as a peerless guide to the creative self. Now available as a paperback reissue with a new introduction by the author, the book uses portraits of seven extraordinary individuals to reveal the patterns that drive the creative process--and to demonstrate how circumstance also plays an indispensable role in creative success.
Annals of the American Thoracic Society Goes Paper: A Fresh Look and a New Feel.

Nearly 4 years after inception, the Annals of the American Thoracic Society (AnnalsATS) is taking two big steps forward. This past November, in conjunction with the other two ATS scientific journals, we launched a newly designed web site that features contemporary graphics and enhanced navigation . The design of the journal web sites now complements that of the ATS web site. The Web addresses for the journal Web sites are unchanged: a Google search for AnnalsATS directs viewers straight to the journal home page. Those who prefer to read journals on hand-held tablets or cell phones can continue to access AnnalsATS through the free ATS journals app. Beginning with this first issue of 2017, and bucking against a current trend toward online-only publishing of scientific journals, AnnalsATS is to be distributed monthly on paper as well as electronically. Readers of the paper version will be able to highlight and underline contents with a pen or a yellow marker, scribble in the margins, and fold the page corners. Although seemingly light hearted, these rituals may be associated with deeper learning of the material being read. Martin J. Tobin, M.D., a previous editor of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, reported recently on contemporary research suggesting important differences in the experience of readers of electronic compared with paper media, particularly with respect to comprehension and retention (1). The results of other studies have been mixed (2). Nevertheless, many readers find that the tactile sense of a paper publication is rewarding and that it allows for greater comprehension. Indeed, recent surveys suggest that half or more of clinical pulmonary scientific journal subscribers still browse and read selected paper versions to stay current in preference to reading online or electronic Figure 1. The homepage of the newly designed ATS journals website (atsjournals.org).
Environmental Impacts of International Civil Engineering Projects and Practices

The document reports on a workshop which was convened to identify factors leading to program successes and failures in international civil engineering. Emphasized are public participation, economic measures, public health, environmentalism, and appropriate technology. The workshop was organized around two sessions. The first session was devoted generally to case studies presented by practicing engineers. The case studies included transportation, impoundment, irrigation, water supply, and waste disposal. The second session concentrated on discussions of socioeconomic and environmental considerations and their impact on civil engineering.
Grain Boundary Segregation and Conductivity in Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia

Grain boundary segregation of Y, Mn, La and Fe in doped and undoped 3YSZ and 8YSZ ceramics and its influence on the intra- and intergranular conductivity is studied by spatially resolved analytical transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy. EELS profiles reveal significant enrichment of di- and trivalent ions in an 1-2nm wide grain boundary core with total concentrations of Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , La 3+ and Y 3+ reaching up to 40cat%. The segregation factors depend on the crystallographic structure of the boundary. Enrichment of di- and trivalent dopants produces a negative grain boundary core charge. EELS scans also show the space charge layer. It extends over a few nanometers and is characterized by an increased O K absorption edge height compared to the grain core and characteristic O K ELNES features. O K edge height and fine structure directly indicate the oxygen vacancy depletion in the space charge layer and allow to track local changes in chemical bonding. Compared to 3YSZ ceramics, cation segregation is less pronounced in 8YSZ ceramics. Inter- and intragranular resistivity of doped and undoped ceramics are measured by impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range of 200-500°C. While the oxygen ion bulk conductivity of YSZ ceramics remains unaffected by the dopants, the grain boundary resistance suffers a significant increase. The behavior is explained by strong interactions of oxygen vacancies with di- and trivalent cations in the grain boundary core and by the lowered oxygen vacancy concentration in the space charge layer.
Electrical Resistivity and Solder-Reaction Characteristics of Ni Films Fabricated by Electroplating

Characteristics of electroplated Ni films such as grain size, resistivity, solder wetting angle, and growth rate of intermetallic compound were evaluated as a function of electroplating current density. With increasing the electroplating current density from to , the nodule size on the Ni film surface decreased, grain refinement occurred, and resistivity increased from to . Compared with Ni film processed at , Ni films electroplated at and exhibited low resistivity, dense microstructure, and slow growth rate of intermetallic compound. Ni films electroplated at and are more suitable for Ni UBM application than that fabricated at .
Synthesis, processing and characterization of FeMnGa nanoparticles for permanent magnet applications

In recent years, there is a great demand in materials suitable for permanent magnets which led to shortages in the supply of rare earth elements, a basic ingredient of high performance magnets. Research for rare earth free magnetic materials is considered as a viable alternative. Various Heusler alloys are investigated as possible candidates. Among them, the binary compound Mn X Ga has gained interest. A method of improving the magnetic properties of intermetallic compounds is the introduction of a magnetic atom like Fe in replacement of a 3d metal, in our case, by replacing a quantity of Mn with Fe. In this study Mn 0.4 Fe 0.3 Ga 0.3 alloys were prepared in a high purity Ar atmosphere with the arc-melting technique followed by melt-spinning in order to get nanostructured ribbons. The samples were further treated (annealing, ball milling) in order to tune the microstructure and obtain single phase samples with optimum magnetic properties. Magnetization measurements were performed by using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), versus temperature and field. The structure of the samples was observed with the X-Ray Diffraction Patterns (XRD). The L1 2 structure was observed for the first time, among the other ones D0 19 and L2 1 which are already observed in Mn 3 Ga studies. A deeper observation was performed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Saturation magnetization of the basic material was measured at 81.4 Am 2 /kg while remanence and coercive field were low. The effect of the grain size on the magnetic properties, due to ball milling, is presented.
Bureaucratic Minimal Squawk: Theory and Evidence

Regulators appointed on finite contracts have an incentive to signal their worth to the job market. This paper shows that, if contracts are sufficiently short, this can result in "minimal squawk" behaviour. Regulated firms publicise the quality of unfavourable decisions, aware that regulators then set favourable policies more often to keep their professional reputation intact. Terms of office vary across US states, prompting an empirical test using firm-level data from the regulation of the US electric industry. Consistent with the theory, we find that shorter terms are associated with fewer rate of return reviews and higher residential prices.
The Melancholic Name

How to think the gift of the name that announces the finitude of the named and the name itself, insofar as finitude is not reducible to the negativity of the concept and sense, a Gift to the other insofar as the other concerns us with his finitude? There is, as it were, a note of melancholy that adheres our finite existence, which also intimates the very gift that is given to the other. The whole question of the ethico‐political, understood here as being‐towards‐others, is at stake here. The article reads Schelling, Heidegger and Benjamin to think anew the place of language as gift and its concern with the thoughts of the political.
Darwinismo em James: a função da consciência na evolução

Darwinism plays a major role in jamesian psychology. In fact, the concepts of variation and selection provide a way to escape from both physiological and sociological determinism. Moreover, Darwinism allows James to show the function and the causal efficacy of consciousness in the evolution of human beings. By means of an historical and conceptual analysis, we discuss these questions which inform the first scientific psychology developed in the United States.
The diagnosis and management of acute liver failure in dogs and cats.

Management of the small animal patient with a presumptive diagnosis of acute liver failure should aim to provide high quality supportive care aimed at the functional derangements that occur. A definitive histopathologic diagnosis should be pursued to allow evaluation of the reversibility of the underlying condition. With the current advances in veterinary critical care, improved medical and technical management should reduce both morbidity and mortality in the patient with potentially reversible liver failure.
[Morphological and molecular data on the origin of angiosperms: on a way to a synthesis].

Molecular phylogenetic data have drastically changed the views on the phylogeny of higher plants. All the extant gymnosperms were asserted as a monophyletic group opposed to the highly isolated angiosperms. The 'Anthophyte Theory' was thus rejected. The identification and analysis of gymnosperm orthologues of genes regulating flower development in angiosperms resulted in the formulation of the 'Mostly Male Theory' of the evolutionary origin of flower; this theory does not contradict the concept of monophyly of all the extant gymnosperms. The Mostly Male Theory assumes that the origin of angiosperms was caused by a loss of the Needle family gene that effected ovuliferous (female) organs and the translocation of the ovules onto the adaxial side of some of the (male) leafy microsporangiophores. Having acquired ovules, the former microsporangiophores started evolving into the carpels. The prerequisite bisexual design of the ancestral fructification thus becomes unnecessary. Indeed, this assumption suggests the deriving of Angiosperms from any gymnosperm plant with leafy microsporangiophores. The problem of carpel origin has subsequently changed to some degree into the problem of the origin of the bitegmic anatropous ovule presumably inherent in ancestral Angiosperms. The Mostly Male Theory consideredeither Corystospermataceae (= Umkomasiaceae) or Caytoniaceae to be the forerunners of such an ovule. Yet the capsules of Corystospermataceae distinctly differ from angiosperm ovules in the locations of their adaxial/abaxial sides, while Caytoniaceae had no leafy microsporangiophores. This inconsistency suggests that functions of the Needle family regulatory genes in Gymnosperms should be much better understood to appraise properly both the possibilities and the consequences of their hypothetical loss by the emerging angiosperms. Moreover, the extant gymnosperm groups are actually held as monophyletic and contrasted to Angiosperms on the basis of analysing the unrepresentative scant remnants of these, mostly extinct, taxa. Therefore, traditional botanical and paleobotanical data should not be rejected. In any case, Meyen's idea angiosperms origin from Bennettitales is worth being retained as a hypothesis to be tested with new results of both paleobotany and molecular biology.
Information diffusion through Social Media- analysing brand promotion through Social Network Analysis tools -a business case study

The usage of Social Media has increased considerably over the last ten years due to the rapid growth of internet usage. Facebook, the de-facto social network has grown since opened to public to become a significant strength especially promotion channels for companies with over 800 million daily active users. The research problem addressed here is to make a marketing communication plan for brand promotion using Facebook as social media to reach out to more customer base and maintain the relationship. The market survey done using Facebook is analysed, which give a theoretical basis for the company to launch their activity.
UML Based Modeling for Data Aggregation in Secured Wireless Sensor Network

Up till now, less research has been done in developing a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) data aggregation with the help of Object OrientedModeling and Design (OOMD). These kinds of applicationincludeuse of complex data structures and different algorithms for aggregating data. Usually for such calculation, mathematical modeling is done. To visually represent any research problems,Unified Modeling Language (UML)is more efficient tool for modeling. In this paper, demonstration of UML diagrams is presented for modeling of data aggregation in WSN which leads to better development of application. As a result of additional sensor nodes being deployed in the wireless sensor networks, demand on resource constraints is reduced, whichleads to increase in redundantdata. Data aggregation protocol helps to reduce this redundancy by organizing the data efficiently. Due to the constraints on energy in the WSNs, Use of data aggregation techniques and data dissemination across WSN plays an significant role in the network life cycle time as they help to conserve the energy of sensor nodes. In this, data is collected by sensor node, then dedicated cluster node aggregates it with data aggregation algorithm and then it is forwarded to base station. This flow of various activities is modeled using UML diagrams. Heresystem is analyzed withhelp of use case diagram, class diagram, sequencediagram, collaborationdiagram and activity diagram. Modeling this kind of problems using UML approach helps to visualize, specify,construct and document the system artifact effectively which is helpful for various stakeholders of the application.
Churches and Private Educational Institutions as Facilitator of Money Laundering in Nigeria

The goal of this study is to empirically evaluate the role of churches and private educational institutions in money laundering and related organised crimes in Nigeria. There is worldwide concern over the ways in which criminally acquired assets are being concealed, transferred and preserved. Many countries including Nigeria have enacted laws against money laundering; drugs trafficking; and, corruption. The study investigates the association of money laundering through the private schools and churches; and, four independent variables namely: Laws and Regulations, enforcement efficiency, banking compliance and corruption. The multiple regression models of Aldrich (2005) and Fisher (1922) are employed to investigate the association of the variables. The study hypothesis that money laundering in Nigeria is enhanced by the proliferation of churches and private educational institutions by which finances are largely unchecked by the authorities to such a degree that defective banking regulations; lack of government control of the funds of private schools and faith groups; inadequate enforceability of anti-money laundering laws; and, corruption are the propelling factors. The study suggests that private schools and churches in Nigeria are facilitating money laundering, corruption and organised crimes. It finds that there are serious loopholes in Nigeria’s money laundering laws which enable criminal assets to be preserved and protected under the auspices of schools and church’s assets. The study concludes that there is an urgent need for the overhaul of the national criminal laws and the regulation of the assets of private schools and churches in such ways that can deprive the criminal concealment of illegally acquired assets.
Evaluation for airway obstruction in adult patients with stable ischemic heart disease

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic airway disease (COPD and Asthma) are major epidemics accounting for significant mortality and morbidity. The combination presents many diagnostic challenges. Clinical symptoms and signs frequently overlap. There is a need for airway evaluation in these patients to plan appropriate management.



Consecutive stable IHD patients attending the cardiology OPD in a tertiary care centre were interviewed for collecting basic demographic information, brief medical, occupational, personal history and risk factors for coronary artery disease and airway disease, modified medical research centre (MMRC) grade for dyspnea, quality of life-St. George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), spirometry and six-min walk tests. Patients with chronic airway obstruction were treated as per guidelines and were followed up at 3rd month with spirometry, six-minute walk test and SGRQ.



One hundred fourteen consecutive patients with stable cardiac disease were included (Males-88, Females-26). Mean age was 58.89±12.24years, 53.50% were smokers, 31.56% were alcoholics, 40.35% diabetics, 47.36% hypertensive. Twenty five patients had airway obstruction on spirometry (COPD-13 and Asthma-12) and none were on treatment. Thirty-one patients had cough and 48 patients had dyspnea. Patients with abnormal spirometry had higher symptoms, lower exercise tolerance and quality of life. Treatment with appropriate respiratory medications resulted in increase in lung function, quality of life and exercise tolerance at 3rd month.



Chronic respiratory disease in patients with stable IHD is frequent but often missed due to overlap of symptoms. Spirometry is a simple tool to recognize the underlying pulmonary condition and patients respond favorably with appropriate treatment.
Composed products and module polynomials over finite fields

A general notion of composition of polynomials over a finite field was introduced by Brawley and Carlitz (1987). In their paper they developed a unique decomposition theory in two special cases of the composed product, but they left open the question of uniqueness in the general case. This paper settles this open question by proving that irreducibles do indeed decompose uniquely with respect to the general notion and, in doing so, unifies the two separate treatments of Brawley and Carlitz into a single, more general theory. The paper also offers a generalization which unifies into a single theory the notions of ‘belonging to an exponent’ and ‘belonging to a q -polynomial’, which are basic in the theory of finite fields.
Dynamics of dimensions in factor‐space cosmology

For multi-dimensional cosmological models we investigate the dynamics of both, scales and dimensions. The classical equation of motions and the corresponding Wheeler-de Witt equation are set up generally and the qualitative behaviour of the system is discussed for some specific model with 2 factor spaces: A space M1 with dynamical dimension, and a compact internal space M2 of constant dimension. With a natural choice of some contraint, there exist a solution where M1 expands as usual space while M2 is shrinking down to unobservable scales.