nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Stilpnomelan als alpinmetamorphes Produkt im Mont-Blanc-Granit

Stilpnomelane is known to be index-mineral of lowest metamorphic facies in the northern zone of the Swiss Alps. In Montblanc-region the first stilpnomelane due to alpine metamorphism will be found in the Montblanc-granite, whereas until now the adjacent metamorphic rocks in the north of granite have not yielded any stilpnomelane. This could be explained by chemical control in the metamorphic rocks or by instability of stilpnomelane because a new formed biotite has been found in the shearing-zones in the northern part of granite and stilpnomelane is disappearing.Metamorphic reactions in the very coarse granite are bound to the limits between constituents or to the interior of larger crystals. Stilpnomelane very often has been found in microcline situated near to biotite or chlorite of primary origin. Towards the southern part of granite stilpnomelane will be found in larger quantities and occasionally a new formed chlorite will appear. This evolution is accompanied by the appearance of larger quantities of patch-perthite and chessboard-perthite in the microcline-megacrysts.Probably a green biotite coexists with stilpnomelane, but majority of alpine biotite has been formed in a later phase and is accompanied by a strong change of quartz-fabric and disappearance of stilpnomelane.One might suppose, that the change of lowest greenschist-facies (stilpnomelane) to a higher degree (biotite) even over very short distances depends more on the influence of changing chemical composition in the coexisting aqueous-gaseous phases than on a real increase of pressure and temperature.
Why Doesn't This Feel Empowering? Working Through the Repressive Myths of Critical Pedagogy

Elizabeth Ellsworth finds that critical pedagogy, as represented in her review of the literature, has developed along a highly abstract and Utopian line which does not necessarily sustain the daily workings of the education its supporters advocate. The author maintains that the discourse of critical pedagogy is based on rationalist assumptions that give rise to repressive myths. Ellsworth argues that if these assumptions, goals, implicit power dynamics, and issues of who produces valid knowledge remain untheorized and untouched, critical pedagogues will continue to perpetuate relations of domination in their classrooms.The author paints a complex portrait of the practice of teaching for liberation. She reflects on her own role as a White middle-class woman and professor engaged with a diverse group of students developing an antiracist course. Grounded in a clearly articulated political agenda and her experience as a feminist teacher, Ellsworth provides a critique of "empowerment," "student voice," "dialog...
Basics and application of motor design optimization in an industrial environment

This document deals with optimal design of rotating electric machines. First of all, different requirements leading to an optimal design are discussed. The optimization problem is analyzed and expected results are theoretically predicted. Based on requirements, the choice of an appropriate optimizer (NSGA II) is justified. Finally, the application of the optimizer is demonstrated at several induction machine designs. Their design is performed using an industrial design tool, which has been coupled to the chosen optimizer. The achieved accordance with predicted results is discussed.
Influence of ion size on the stability of chloroplumbates containing PbCl5− or PbCl62−

The enthalpies of formation of PbCl4, PbCl5− and PbCl62−, originating from quantum mechanics, have enabled the thermodynamic behaviour of these ions with respect to Cl-detachment to be assessed. The stability of salts containing PbCl5− and PbCl62− as a function of the dimensions of these anions and complementary cations was studied using an approach combining the Kapustinskii-Yatsimirskii equation with basic thermochemical relationships.It was found that hexachloroplumbates of monovalent metal cations will not dissociate into metal chlorides and PbCl4, provided the complementary cations are suitably large in size. Hexachloroplumbates of divalent metal cations have not yet been synthesised since no known metal cations attain the requisite large size. Such salts will not dissociate if the divalent metal cations are able to complex suitably large electron-donating ligands. The pentachloroplumbates of both monovalent and divalent metal cations are unstable, since no known metal cations have appropriately large ionic radii. The approach adopted appears to be useful for the examination of the thermal behaviour, stability and reactivity of chloroplumbates.
From "Marrying-In" to "Marrying-Out": Changing Patterns of Aboriginal/Non-Aboriginal Marriage in Colonial Canada

Si de nombreuses recherches abordent la nature du mariage mixte dans le contexte social du commerce de la fourrure au Canada, peu d'etudes tentent de replacer les modeles de mariage mixte dans le contexte colonial englobant ou examinent leurs influences sur les relations entre colons et Amerindiens. L'A. propose un cadre d'analyse plus englobant et met en evidence certaines interrogations fondamentales nouvelles. Elle soutient que durant la periode coloniale, du debut du 17 eme a la fin du 19 eme siecle, la pratique du mariage entre autochtones et non-autochtones s'est deplacee du mariage vers l'interieur (des communautes amerindiennes) au mariage vers l'exterieur. Elle insiste sur la necessite d'une analyse nuancee du point de vue des relations interraciales et intersexes et met en evidence les changements dans les attitudes envers ces mariages mixtes. En raison de la longevite et de l'importance du commerce de la fourrure dans l'experience canadienne, le mariage mixte fut un phenomene tres repandu et vital, mais la societe coloniale a toujours ete ambigue quant a sa desirabilite. Avec la solidification des modes de colonisation euro-canadienne, le mariage interracial fut progressivement denigre et marginalise.
Kinetic study of chemoselective acylation of amino-alditol by immobilized lipase in organic solvent: effect of substrate ionization.

The kinetics of the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of oleoyl-N-methylglucamide and 6-O-oleoyl-N-methylglucamine in organic systems were investigated. We have shown that in apolar media, the ionic state of substrates and the ionic state of enzyme microenvironment play an important role in immobilized Candida antarctica lipase activity and chemoselectivity of the reaction. In order to define the optimal conditions of the reaction, to obtain the highest initial rate for amide formation, the influence of acid/N-methylglucamine molar ratio is studied. This ratio determines the protonation states of substrates and of ionizable groups of catalytic site, on which the enzyme activity is dependent. To confirm our hypothesis, we have added to the medium a non-reactive base which is not a substrate of the enzyme. We observed that when the acid/base ratio is higher than 1, the initial rate of ester synthesis increases whereas that of amide synthesis decreases. On the opposite, when the acid/base ratio is lower than 1, the initial rate of amide synthesis becomes preponderant.
Lateral variation of major and trace elements in the Pliocene volcanic rocks of the Northeast Japan arc

Abundances of major elements and seven trace elements, Rb, Sr, Nb, Y, Zr, . Ni and Cr were determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis for 111 samples from twelve Pliocene volcanic centers in the NE Japan arc, The petrographical and analytical results on these samples and other Pliocene volcanic rocks indicate that systematic zonal variation of petrological features, i.e., mafic phenocryst assemblages and rock series, as well as gradual increase in K2O, Rb and Sr contents are recognized in the Pliocene volcanic rocks from the Pacific Ocean side to the Japan Sea side across the NE Japan arc. Similarity of across-arc variations with regard to both the petrological and the geochemical features among the volcanic rocks from the late Miocene through Pliocene to Quaternary time suggests that a mechanism of magma generation due to plate subduction has been contineous in the NE Japan arc at least from 8 Ma to the present.
History of technology

Conceptualising the Production and Diffusion of Useful and Reliable Knowledge in Early Modern Europe \ Introduction - Useful Knowledge Reconsidered, Karel Davids (Amsterdam) \ 1.  Exchange during the Late-Medieval/Early Modern Transition to the New Empirical Sciences, Pamela Long (Independent Scholar) \ 2. Gate- Who defined useful knowledge in Early Modern times?, Karel Davids (Amsterdam) \ 3. The Circulation of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe: Embodiment, mobility, learning and knowing, Lissa Roberts (Twente) \ 4. Three-Dimensional Models as 'In-Between-Objects': The creation of in-between knowledge in early modern architectural practice, Simona Valerian (LSE) \ 5. Artisans, Operative Skills and Labour Rationalities at the Beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Lilian Perez (University Paris-Diderot) \ Special Issue: Patent Agency in History: Intellectual Property and Technological Change \ Introduction - Patent Agency: Problems and perspectives, Ian Inkster (Wenzao College, Kaohsiung and Nottingham Trent University) \ 6. Patent Agents in the European Periphery: Spain (1826-1902), David Pretel (University of Cambridge) and Patricio Saiz (UAM) \ 7. The Litigations Concerning Renault's Patents at the Beginning of the 20th Century, Gabriel Galvez-Behar (Universite Lille 3) \ 8. Highly Fraught with Good to Man: Patent Organisation, Agency, and Useful and Reliable Knowledge in British Machinofacture circa 1780-1851 and Beyond, Ian Inkster (Wenzao College, Kaohsiung and Nottingham Trent University) \ 9. Patent Agents in Britain at the Turn of the 20th Century: Themes and Perspectives, Anna Guagnini (Bologna) \ 10. The Oldest Patent Granted in Mexico and Latin America, Dr. Manuel Marquez (L.L.& M.M. Consultores, SC)
Do Win-Win Outcomes Exist? A Study of Cross-Border M&A Transactions in Emerging Markets

Between 1998 and 2005, we identify 73 cross-border bank mergers and acquisitions (MA and (2) whether MA cross-border M&A activity in banking is not found to facilitate wealth redistribution from EME to industrialised countries. A regression analysis confirms the importance of the institutional and economic environment, as well as target bank profitability and the method through which international banks acquire ownership stakes, as significant determinants of abnormal returns.
Proposals for implementing a new degree on electronics and automation engineering

A new academic curriculum for the Electronics and Automation Enginering Degree at the University of Zaragoza, Spain has been developed in the contest of the European Space for Higher Education. We analyse the distribution and weight of basic contents (subjects related to Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Mechanics, Fluids...) and specialized contents (electronics and automation), pointing strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we propose some actions and methodologies for the implementation of this new academic curriculum, Intended to achieve a balance between basic and speclallsed contents oriented to educating Engineers for the European marker.
MARKET POWER I N T HE GLOBAL ECONOMY: THE EXHAUSTION A ND PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

We develop a North-South model in which a firm that enjoys monopoly status in the North (by virtue of a patent or a trademark) has the incentive to price discriminate internationally because Northern consumers value its product more than Southern ones. While North's policy regarding the territorial exhaustion of intellectual property rights (IPR) determines whether the firm can exercise market power across regions, Southern policy regarding the protection of IPR determines the firm's monopoly power within the South. In equilibrium, each region's policy takes into account the firm's pricing strategy, its incentive to export, and the other region's policy stance. Major results are: (i) the North is more likely to choose international exhaustion if the South protects IPR whereas the South is more willing to offer such protection if the North implements national exhaustion; (ii) the firm values IPR protection less than the freedom to price discriminate internationally if and only if its quality advantage over Southern imitators exceeds a certain threshold; and (iii) requiring the South to protect IPR increases global welfare iff such protection is necessary for inducing the firm to export to the South.
Geophysical images and a crustal model of intrusive structures beneath the Messum ring complex, Namibia

The Early Cretaceous Messum complex in Namibia is an excellent example of the type of composite mafic and alkaline igneous ring complexes associated with continental rifts worldwide. This study integrates reflection seismic, gravity and aeromagnetic data from a profile across Messum and reveals a heavily intruded root zone extending vertically to Moho depths (40 km). The crustal section to either side of the Messum complex is characterized by a seismically transparent upper crust, to 20 km depth, and a laminar reflective lower crust below. The crust below the Messum complex is seismically transparent at all depths but it shows a combination of high seismic reflection strength and weak coherency relative to the unintruded crust, and P velocities about 0.2–0.3 km/s higher at all depths. The seismic attributes are best explained by a network of mafic intrusions, and this is supported by steep-sided positive magnetic and gravity anomalies centered on the complex. Modelling indicates that about 30% gabbroic material in the crustal column can explain the velocity and potential field data. An increase in reflective strength below 20 km suggests the degree of intrusion is greater in the lower crust but the difference is not resolved in the velocity or gravity models. The new geometric and compositional constraints on the crust below the Messum complex contradict the hypothesis that Messum was the sole eruptive center for an estimated 8600 km 3 of crustally derived rhyodacitic magmas that now form part of the regional Parana–Etendeka volcanic sequences. To our knowledge this is the first study to provide a seismic image of the whole crust below a typical igneous ring complex and our conclusion that the cross-sectional area of the complex is the same in the lower as in the upper crust could not have been predicted from surface studies. The data resolution is insufficient to define intrusion geometry in detail, but the cylindrical 3-D shape throughout the crust and the lack of major breaks in the vertical distribution of intrusions indicate depth-independent controls on the nature of the intruded zone. The suggestion is that the magma transport and emplacement took place in a brittle fashion at all levels of the crust, in response to conditions of high fluid (magma) pressure and a high magma flux.
Successful e-learning concepts and platform in the field of biomedical engineers education

The aim of this paper is to promote and demonstrate the usage and successful practical application of e-learning achievements in the field of biomedical engineering education (BME). Biomedical engineers and bioengineers require significant knowledge of both, engineering and biology. Both, biomedical engineering and BME education in Bosnia and Herzegovina are on an extremely low development level. Therefore, it is important to create a system used by both students and professors, which would increase the level of awareness in this field. During the implementation of this system, the best development practices of web-based systems of wide usage were used. The results of required knowledge in the field of BME, based on real data of the usage of this system, have also been demonstrated.
Ecology of Infectious Diseases in Natural Populations: Contents

Impact of infectious diseases on wild animal populations: a review F. M. D. Gulland 2. Microparasites: observed patterns A. P. Dobson and P. J. Hudson 3. Mathematical models for microparasites of wildlife J. A. P. Heesterbeek and M. G. Roberts 4. Microparasite group report C. Dye 5. Macroparasites: observed patterns P. J. Hudson and A. P. Dobson 6. Mathematical models for macroparasites of wildlife M. G. Roberts, G. Smith and B. T. Grenfell 7. Macroparasite group report G. Smith 8. Critical evaluation of wildlife disease models N. D. Barlow Part II.  9. Nonlinearities in the dynamics of indirectly-transmitted infections (or, does having a vector make a difference?) C. Dye and B. G. Williams 10. Model frameworks for plant-pathogen interactions J. Swinton and R. M. Anderson 11. The dynamics of insect-pathogen interactions C. J. Briggs, R. S. Hails, N. D. Barlow and H. C. J. Godfray Part III. Impact of Ecological and Genetic Heterogeneity: 12. Environmental influences on host immunity S. Lloyd 13. Modelling the immuno-epidemiology of macroparasites in wildlife host populations B. T. Grenfell, K. Dietz and M. G. Roberts 14. Spatial dynamics of parasitism D. Mollinson and S. A. Levin 15. Spatial dynamics group report B. M. Bolker 16. Genetic diversity in host-parasite interactions C. M. Lively and V. Apanius 17. Genetics and evolution of infectious diseases in natural populations group report A. P. Read 18. Beyond host-pathogen dynamics M. Begon and R. G. Bowers 19. Glossary C. Watt, A. P. Dobson and B. T. Grenfell.
Aesthetics in Contemporary Art: Philosopher and Performer

thinking and observation. Valéry is aware that there are important differences between the dancer’s performance and his own abstract philosophical account. For example, he refers to the dancer as: “...This being who, from her very depths, brings forth these Beautiful transformations of her form in space; who now Moves, but without really going anywhere; now metamorphoses Herself on the spot, displaying herself in every aspect; Who sometimes skillfully modulates successive appearances? As though in controlled phases; sometimes changes herself Brusquely into a whirlwind, spinning faster and faster, Then suddenly stops’ crystallized into a statue, adorned With an alien smile.”22 Valéry contrasts the world of the philosopher, limited to descriptive words and concepts to address questions concerning the nature of dance, with the dancer’s understanding of dance as a form of expressive poetic action, opposing it to ordinary useful actions. His philosophical observations about dance, however, are presented without any effort to examine the elements of time, motion, and energy that constitute a dance. Valéry prefers to keep the discussion on a more general level.
Geochemistry of Basic Dykes in Wudang Block and Its Tectonic Significance

Geochemical characteristics of the Neoproterozoic basic dykes widely exposed in the Wudang block of South Qinling show that the dykes possess the characteristics of continental tholeiitic basalts and were formed in a setting of continental rifting. Therefore, there was an an cient continental block in the areas of southern Qinling and Yangtze block during the Jinning period,and an important rifting event of this ancient block occurred in the Early Ncoproterozoic.
Necessary American Fictions: Popular Literature of the 1950s

William Darby gives us a comprehensive and (mostly) sympathetic reading of over fifty novels and a few movies from the 1950s. He examines titles such as "Mandingo, The Invisible Man, I the Jury, Catcher in the Rye, Battle Cry, The Caine Mutiny, The Revolt of Mamie Stover, The Manchurian Candidate, Hawaii, The Bramble Bush, Peyton Place, Ten North Frederick, A Stone for Danny Fisher, The Bad Seed, Not as a Stranger, The Blackboard Jungle, From Here to Eternity, "and" Compulsion. "
Size, Geography, and Multinational Production

This paper analyzes the cross-country allocation and volume of multinational production, quantifies its barriers, and assesses its impact on welfare. From the patterns of multinational production across countries, three facts stand out: a small fraction of country-pairs engages in multinational activities with each other; geography remains a significant impediment to the expansion of such activities; and country size matters. I introduce multinational production in a competitive, multi-country, general equilibrium model with bilateral fixed costs that qualitatively reproduces these facts. The model delivers an equation for sales of foreign affiliates that predicts zero as well as positive volumes between country-pairs, and where positive flows are related to technology, size, and barriers. Using data on bilateral sales of affiliates, for OECD and non-OECD countries, I estimate barriers to multinational activities using an indirect inference procedure. Estimates suggest that distance remains a significant impediment, with countries twice as distant facing a 50% higher cost; policy variables, such as preferential treaties and taxes, have small effects. Finally, welfare calculations show that there are large, unrealized gains of removing bilateral barriers to multinational production
TEACHER AS MOTIVATOR: 57 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS\' PERSPECTIVE

The main aim of this thesis is to find out the motivation of the students in 57 Senior High School Jakarta in learning English. I tried to find out whether the students are motivated or not and how teachers motivate the students. In this thesis I use learning motivation theory to analyze the students’ behavior in the class. Qualitative method is used to write the report of this thesis. The data are taken from class observation, questionnaire, and class interview. This thesis uses random sample to do the interview sessions. The findings of this research are: each student might have different motivation. They can be intrinsically and extrinsically motivated. The teachers motivate students by telling them that they should master English because it will be useful in the future since it is the global language. There are 67 participants in the questionnaire session, 30 of them are highly motivated by the teacher, 29 of them are enough motivated by the teachers, and 8 students are not motivated by the teachers. I also found that the motivated students can be seen from their behavior in the learning process.
IGIP History: A glance from the 21st century

The authors present the book “IGIP-International Society , that shows the dynamics of the Society changes and the development of Engineering Pedagogy. The paper is focused on the history of IGIP. It begins with the historical information on engineering education, describes the foundation of the Association and its main activities: the Prototype Curriculum, Ing.Paed.IGIP Register, Training Centers, Symposia, Presidency, Membership, etc.
Electrical Properties of Polymers, Ceramics, Dielectrics, and Amorphous Materials

Materials which are electrical (and thermal) insulators are of great technical importance and are, therefore, used in large quantities in the electronics industry, e.g., as handles for a variety of tools, as coatings for wires, or as casings for electrical equipment. Most polymeric materials have the required insulating properties and have been used for decades for this purpose. It came, therefore, as a surprise when it was discovered in the late 1970’s that some polymers and organic substances may have electrical properties which resemble those of conventional semiconductors, metals, or even superconductors. We shall focus our attention mainly on these materials. This does not imply that the predominance of applications of polymers is in the conductor field. Quite the contrary is true. Nevertheless, conducting polymers (also called synthetic metals) steadily gain ground compared to insulating polymers.