nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Schumpeter's Economic Theory and the Dynamic Accounting View of the Firm: Neglected Pages from the Theory of Economic Development

The first English translation of some of Schumpeter's (1926) pages of the "Theory of Economic Development" is presented. These neglected pages are remarkable because they significantly add to Schumpeter's masterpiece on a number of issues concerned with accounting, law and economics of the firm. They show that Schumpeter considered understanding the firm, together with innovation, as important scientific problems. Schumpeter doubts the explanatory value of proprietary entrepreneurship and provides an early justification of the dynamic entity view of business activity generated by the firm as a becoming concern. He discusses its implications for understanding issues of economic organization and corporate governance, and suggests some theoretical insights concerning business capital and money under conditions of real dynamics and complexity. The doors opened by Schumpeter indicate that money and accounting are fundamentally coupled as complementary institutions in framing and shaping the economic and monetary process of the firm as an enterprise entity.
Teaching About Home: Geography at Work in the Prewar Nagano Classroom

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the geography classroom as a crucible of nationalist ideology. In the past decade, scholars from around the world have exposed the chauvinism of national atlases (Black 1997; Fahlbusch, Rossler, and Siegrist 1989), assessed the citizenship models implicit in social-studies readers (Bailly 1998; Soysal 1998), traced the institutional linkages between geography and imperialism (Bell, Butlin, and Heffernan 1995; Godlewska and Smith 1994; Livingstone 1992), and explored the role of spatial images and metaphors in shaping national identities (Hooson 1994; Thongchai 1994).
Theresa Hak Kyung Cha and the Politics of Form

Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s 1982 experimental novel, Dictee, has become a key text in Asian American studies, particularly as the locus for contemporary methodologies in the field. Korean American filmmaker, writer, and performance artist Cha developed her work in the California and New York avant-garde art communities of the late 1960s through the 1970s, then studied semiology in France before returning to the United States to teach and continue her work (Roth 151–60). In 1981, she published the film anthology, Apparatus: Cinematographic Apparatus; including pieces from theorists and artists ranging from Dziga Vertov and Maya Deren, to Roland Barthes, Christian Metz, and Cha herself, the anthology examines the ideological processes of the filmic apparatus. Following her tragic death, her novel Dictee was published in 1982. After nearly a decade of neglect by scholars in Asian American Studies, as Shelley Wong notes, in the early 1990s, the poststructuralist turn in the field enabled and was spurred on by the novel’s interrogation of form, subjectivity, and ideology (Wong 103–6). Since then, numerous studies of the political significance of Dictee have appeared. While some readers choose to emphasize the cultural specificity of the text, many critics focus on the ways in which the narrative disruptions of the novel constitute political disruptions of ideological narratives and formations.
Grand Challenges in Sustainable Design and Construction

The world has experienced unprecedented urban growth in the last and current centuries. In 1800, only 3% of the world’s population lived in urban areas. It increased to 14 and 47% in 1900 and 2000, respectively. Since 2008, for the first time in history, more than half of the world population lives in the urban areas (Laski and Schellekens, 2007). In year 2003, United Nations estimated that by year 2030, up to five billion people will be living in urban areas, accounting for 61% of the world’s population. The ongoing migration to urban areas has massive environmental consequences. This condition of unprecedented shift from the countryside to cities has been influencing climate change, where urban areas account for up to 70% of the world greenhouse gas emissions. Cities are growing toward megacities with higher density urban planning, narrower urban corridors, and more high-rise urban structures. Increasing urbanization causes the deterioration of the urban environment, as the size of housing plots decreases, thus increasing densities and crowding out greeneries (Santamouris et al., 2001). Cities tend to record higher temperatures than their non-urbanized surroundings, a phenomenon known as urban heat island (UHI) (Oke, 1982; Jusuf et al., 2007). Earlier studies show strong relation between urban morphology and increasing air temperature within city centers. Urban structures absorb solar heat during the day and release it during the night. Densely built area tends to trap heat, which is released from urban structures into the urban environment, increasing urban air temperature compared to surrounding rural areas and causes UHI effect. UHI affects street level thermal comfort, health, environment quality, and may increase the urban energy demand. As the number of buildings and associated infrastructures increases drastically in order to cope with the increasing population in cities, tremendous resources are required for the construction, operation, and maintenance of these buildings. Design of these buildings become very crucial as the resources required in the subsequent operation and maintenance is highly dependent on the quality of such design (Macmillan, 2005). Over the years, there has been tremendous effort put in to design “Green Buildings,” with the key objective to make the buildings more sustainable by minimizing the utilization of resources in the construction, operation, and maintenance of buildings. Building systems such as air conditioning and lighting are energy guzzlers, which can consume more than 60% of the energy consumption in a typical commercial building. They can also impact the indoor environmental quality. Thus, energy efficiency of the systems is crucial. Selection ofmaterials, which can minimize the embodied energy and construction waste is also important.
Constraint Logic and Its Applications In Production: An Implementation Using the Galileo4 Language and System

The flexible and ecient support of the process of product design and production requires combined expertise from many aspects of the product life-cycle, and the management and use of this knowledge in turn increasingly requires sophisticated computer-based advice systems. In this chapter we present a constraint-based approach to making the full First-Order Predicate Calculus available for knowledge representation purposes in intelligent networked colocation advice systems for concurrent engineering. Domain knowledge is represented as a theory written in a rst-order logical language. The set of models of the language under which the theory is satised is the set of solutions of a constraint network. Solutions to the network are computed by a hierarchical and opportunistic constraint inference method. Galileo4, an implemented language and companion run-time system based on these ideas is discussed and its ecacy is demonstrated by presenting applications in which high problem-solving versatility is provided by concise and readable programs.
Book review: Three-Dimensional Computer Vision. by Olivier Faugeras (The MIT Press, 1993)

The book addresses the important problem of adaptation of an embedded system's behaviour to make it more appropriate to the environment in which it is embedded. This process, in its broadest sense, is referred to as learning, and for the author this also includes such simple forms of learning as measuring the width of a hall to allow a measuring robot to perform better. The philosophical debate about what does and does not constitute machine learning is left alone; the interested reader is referred to an earlier publication by the same author.
Configuring SQL-based process mining for performance and storage optimisation

Process mining is the area of research that embraces the automated discovery, conformance checking and enhancement of process models. Declarative process mining approaches offer capabilities to automatically discover models of flexible processes from event logs. However, they often suffer from performance issues with real-life event logs, especially when constraints to be discovered go beyond a standard repertoire of templates. By leveraging relational database performance technology, a new approach based on SQL querying has been recently introduced, to improve performance though still keeping the nature of discovered constraints customisable. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of configuration parameters that allow for a speed-up of the answering time and a decrease of storage space needed for query processing. Thereupon, we provide configuration recommendations for process mining with SQL on relational databases.
Ca2plus binding study on some low molecular weight elastin peptides.

The binding of Ca 2+ to some low molecular weight peptides obtained from the alkaline hydrolysis of purified elastin has been determined by titration using murexide as an indicator for free Ca 2+ . Ca 2+ binding was shown to be dependent on pH and Ca 2+ concentration and increases with increasing pH. The data strongly support the possibility that electrostatic interaction occurs between the ionized carboxylic groups of the peptide and Ca 2+ . In fact the peptide in which the carboxylic groups were previously blocked with the glycine ethyl ester did not interact with Ca 2+ .
Stationary reflection and level by level equivalence

We force and construct a model in which level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness holds, along with certain additional “inner model like” properties. In particular, in this model, the class of Mahlo cardinals reflecting stationary sets is the same as the class of weakly compact cardinals, and every regular Jonsson cardinal is weakly compact. On the other hand, we force and construct a model for the level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness in which on a stationary subset of the least supercompact cardinal κ, there are non-weakly compact Mahlo cardinals which reflect stationary sets. We also examine some extensions and limitations on what is possible in our theorems. Finally, we indicate how to ensure in our models that ♦δ holds for every successor and Mahlo cardinal δ, and below the least supercompact cardinal κ, ¤δ holds on a stationary ∗2000
Magic and religion : two sides of the same coin?Magic in the Ancient World, Fritz Graf (tr. Franklin Philip) : review article

Fritz Graf's imaginative contributions to the study of myth and ritual are deservedly well known; in this work, Graf brings his own scholarship, and that of participants in a series of seminars at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris, to bear on the hitherto rather neglected field of magic in antiquity. The result is an accessible, clear and well annotated guide to the complex world of the ancient magician, which serves both as a valuable introduction to the field and as an invaluable resource for further research and debate.
Structure in minor-closed classes of matroids

This paper gives an informal introduction to structure theory for minor- closed classes of matroids representable over a fixed finite field. The early sections describe some historical results that give evidence that well-defined structure exists for members of such classes. In later sections we describe the fundamental classes and other features that necessarily appear in structure theory for minor-closed classes of matroids. We conclude with an informal statement of the structure theorem itself. This theorem generalises the Graph Minors Structure Theorem of Robertson and Seymour.
Neo-Fregeanism Reconsidered

Mathematical Platonism is the view that mathematical objects exist. Traditional Platonists believe that a world with no mathematical objects is consistent; subtle Platonists believe that such a world would be inconsistent. The easiest way of getting a handle on traditional Platonism is by imagining a creation myth. On the first day God created light; by the sixth day, she had created a large and complex world, including black holes, planets and sea-slugs. But there was something left to be done. So on the seventh day she created mathematical objects. Only then did she rest. On this view, it is easy to make sense of a world with no mathematical objects: it is just like the world we are considering, except that God rested on the seventh day. The crucial feature of this creation myth is that God needed to do something extra in order to bring about the existence of mathematical objects: something that wasn’t already in place when she created black holes, planets and sea-slugs. According to subtle Platonists, this is a mistake. A subtle Platonist believes that for the number of the Fs to be eight just is for there to be eight planets. So when God created eight planets she thereby made it the case that the number of the planets was eight. More generally, subtle ∗For their many helpful comments I am grateful to Roy Cook and Matti Eklund, and to audiences at the University of Connecticut and the University of St Andrews.
Financing Development: The Role of Information Costs

How does technological progress in financial intermediation affect the economy? To address this question a costly-state verification framework is embedded into a standard growth model. In particular, financial intermediaries can invest resources to monitor the returns earned by firms. The inability to monitor perfectly leads to firms earning rents. Undeserving firms are financed, while deserving ones are under funded. A more efficient monitoring technology squeezes the rents earned by firms. With technological advance in the financial sector, the economy moves continuously from a credit-rationing equilibrium to a perfectly efficient competitive equilibrium. A numerical example suggests that finance is important for growth.
Interjurisdictional Competition with Adverse Selection

In this paper we study competition among non-benevolent local governments for mobile firms and evaluate the consequences of imposing alternative regimes of competition. In our model politicians act as regulators that offer incentives in the form of recommended output levels and socially-costly transfers to induce firms, which have private information on their costs, to operate in their community. Politicians fail to estimate correctly the social costs of public funds and competition drives firms' information rents to higher levels than under a cooperative regime. Therefore, from the perspective of a benevolent federation, aggregate welfare is reduced and constitutional constraints on the competition process may be desirable. Imposing a system of coarser policy instruments improves welfare, even when politicians are benevolent, because it reduces the costly rents that are granted to firms in equilibrium –at the cost of distorting output choices. We find that gains from resorting to constitutional constraints are maximal when communities are identical, but if the extent of asymmetry between locations increases, the advantages of the constrained regime decrease and can be overturned, because it prevents the more productive locations from attracting the more efficient firms.
Market Share of Faith-inspired Health Care Providers in Africa: Comparing Facilities and Multi-purpose Integrated Household Survey Data

This paper relies on facilities and household survey data to estimate the ‘market share’ of faith-inspired institutions (FIIs) in the provision of health care services in Africa. While estimates based on facilities data, especially for hospitals, often suggest that the market share of FIIs is at 30 percent to 40 percent, estimates from household surveys are typically at less than ten percent. A number of potential explanations for these large differences are provided. Both types of estimates suffer from limits, but observing the two types of estimates alongside one other provides a more balanced view of the market share of FIIs in health care systems as a whole than is the case for any single type of measure.
The Conquest Considered in Pablo Neruda's Canto general

The Canto general is a book containing a large collection of poems by Pablo Neruda that shows the intricate relationships among nature, places, and peoples in the Americas. The third section in the book, “Los conquistadores,” has heretofore received scant critical attention. Its warp is Neruda's depictions of nature, Indians, and the conquistadors. “Los conquistadores” is shown to be much more than a reiteration of the Black Legend, which presents the Spanish conquest and settlement of the Americas in an entirely negative manner. Neruda's vision of a new people bonded to nature for nourishment and united in a collective will is discussed, and the role of the Conquest toward that end is explained.
Tradition and Change: Four People A Response to the Politics of Paradox

Helen Goodman, the Member of Parliament for Bishop Auckland has responded to the Blue Labour Publication The Politics of Paradox, with Tradition and Change: Four People. Blue Labour's thesis is that a return to the ideas and practices prevalent at the foundation of the Labour Party—solidarity and reciprocity, can form the basis of significant social change. Helen views the thesis from the perspective of two communities—first the hill farmers of Teesdale, a paradigmatic community whose rights and way of life on the Commons have existed for over 600 years. Then she looks at the Durham Miners’ Gala and the needs of the former coalfields. Helen argues that in both cases, only government can take the national and international action they need. Secondly she looks at the stories of a mother and a priest. The importance of the welfare state in providing security and opportunities becomes clear. Helen confronts Blue Labour's criticism of women's independence and prays in aid the Archbishop of Canterbury on the need for a feminist analysis. She accuses Blue Labour of ‘drum and trumpet jingoism’.
Challenges to the Adoption of E-commerce Technology for Supply Chain Management in a Developing Economy: A Focus on Nigerian SMEs

The evolution of Information Technology has enhanced consumers' and organisations’ ability to gather information along with purchasing goods and services. Information Technology offers businesses increased competition, lower prices of goods and services, the choice of comparing products from different vendors and easy access to various vendors anywhere, anytime. Therefore, Information Technology facilitates the global nature of commerce. In developing countries, e-commerce dominates their economic activities. E-commerce is one of the leading non-oil sectors in Nigeria, 18.9 % GDP. In contrast with developed nations, e-commerce has not been as successfully adopted in developing countries. This chapter addresses the challenges and benefits of e-commerce technology in relation to SMEs in Nigeria. It presents quantitative evidence of SMEs perceptions of e-commerce technology, benefits, and barriers. A number of hypotheses are presented and assessed. Recommendations to mitigate barriers are suggested.
Dictatorship in history and theory : Bonapartism, Caesarism, and totalitarianism

Part I. Bonapartism to Its Contemporaries: 1. From consulate to empire: impetus and resistance Isser Woloch 2. The Bonapartes and Germany T. C. W. Blanning 3. Prussian conservatives and the problem of Bonapartism David E. Barclay 4. Tocqueville and French nineteenth-century conceptualizations of the two Bonapartes and their empires Melvin Richter 5. Marx and Brumaire Terrell Carver 6. Bonapartism as the progenitor of democracy: the paradoxical case of the French Second Empire Sudhir Hazareesingh Part II. Bonapartism, Caesarism, Totalitarianism: Twentieth-Century Experiences and Reflections: 7. Max Weber and the avatars of Caesarism Peter Baehr 8. The concept of Caesarism in Gramsci Benedetto Fontana 9. From constitutional technique to Caesarist ploy: Carl Schmitt on dictatorship, liberalism and emergency powers John P. McCormick 10. Bonapartist and Gaullist heroic leadership: comparing crisis appeals to an impersonated people Jack Hayward 11. The leader and the masses: Hannah Arendt on totalitarianism and dictatorship Margaret Canovan Part III. Ancient Resonances: 12. Dictatorship in Rome Claude Nicolet 13. From the historical Caesar to the spectre of Caesarism: the imperial administrator as internal threat Arthur M. Eckstein.
Termination of simply moded logic programs with dynamic scheduling

In logic programming, dynamic scheduling indicates the feature by means of which the choice of the atom to be selected at each resolution step is done at runtime and does not follow a fixed selection rule such as the left-to-right one of Prolog. Input-consuming derivations were introduced to model dynamic scheduling while abstracting from the technical details. In this article, we provide a sufficient and necessary criterion for termination of input-consuming derivations of simply moded logic programs. The termination criterion we propose is based on a denotational semantics for partial derivations which is defined in the spirit of model-theoretic semantics previously proposed for left-to-right derivations.
Reverse mathematics and well-ordering principles: A pilot study

The larger project broached here is to look at the generally Π 2 1 sentence “if X is well-ordered then f ( X ) is well-ordered” , where f is a standard proof-theoretic function from ordinals to ordinals. It has turned out that a statement of this form is often equivalent to the existence of countable coded ω -models for a particular theory T f whose consistency can be proved by means of a cut elimination theorem in infinitary logic which crucially involves the function f . To illustrate this theme, we prove in this paper that the statement “if X is well-ordered then e X is well-ordered” is equivalent to ACA 0 + . This was first proved by Marcone and Montalban [Alberto Marcone, Antonio Montalban, The epsilon function for computability theorists, draft, 2007] using recursion-theoretic and combinatorial methods. The proof given here is principally proof-theoretic, the main techniques being Schutte’s method of proof search (deduction chains) [Kurt Schutte, Proof Theory, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1977] and cut elimination for a (small) fragment of L ω 1 , ω .
Finite-State Dimension and Real Arithmetic

We use entropy rates and Schur concavity to prove that, for every integer k >= 2, every nonzero rational number q, and every real number alpha, the base-k expansions of alpha, q+alpha, and q*alpha all have the same finite-state dimension and the same finite-state strong dimension. This extends, and gives a new proof of, Wall's 1949 theorem stating that the sum or product of a nonzero rational number and a Borel normal number is always Borel normal.