nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular health in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Managing CV risk is an important prevention strategy. The American Heart Association has defined 7 factors for ideal CV health. The purpose of this 2016 secondary analysis was to assess the prevalence of 6 CV health factors in a sample of adults ≥18 (n=7153) in the T1D Exchange Clinic registry. CV health factors include: hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <7%, BMI<25kg/m2, blood pressure<120/80mmHg, total cholesterol <200mg/dL, non-smoking, and physical activity ≥150min/week. HbA1c<7% was substituted for the AHA health factor of fasting blood glucose. Frequencies of each factor were tabulated for the total sample and for each gender. Logistic regression examined variables associated with achievement of each CV health factor. The mean age was 37.14±17years. Mean HbA1c was 7.9±1.5%, and duration was 19.5±13.5years. The majority (54%) were working full or part-time. Achievement of CV health factors in the whole sample ranged from 27% (HbA1c<7%) to 94% nonsmoking. Achievement of some factors varied by gender. Common variables associated with several CV health factors included gender, education, employment, and T1D duration. This young sample exhibited low levels of some CV health factors, especially HbA1c and physical activity. Providers need to routinely assess and advise on management of all CV risk factors to prevent this common diabetes complication.
International crime and justice

International crime and justice is an emerging field that covers international and transnational crimes that have not been the focus of mainstream criminology or criminal justice. This book examines the field from a global perspective. It provides an introduction to the nature of international and transnational crimes and the theoretical perspectives that assist in understanding the relationship between social change and crime opportunities resulting from globalization, migration, and culture conflicts. Written by a team of world experts, International Crime and Justice examines the central role of victims’ rights in the development of legal frameworks for the prevention and control of transnational and international crimes. It also discusses the challenges in delivering justice and obtaining international cooperation in efforts to deter, detect, and respond to these crimes. Arranged in nine parts, International Crime and Justice provides readers with an understanding of the main concepts relevant to the topic and the complex nature of the problems.
Educational issues on number representation and arithmetic in computers: an undergraduate laboratory

This paper presents an initiative to teach computer representation of numbers and arithmetic in undergraduate courses in computer science and engineering. The approach is based upon carefully designed practical exercises that highlight the main properties and computational issues of finite-length number representation and arithmetic. In conjunction with the exercises, an auxiliary computer-based environment constitutes a valuable support tool for students to learn and understand the concepts involved. For integer representation, this work has focused on the standard 2's complement. Special emphasis has been put on the algorithms for integer arithmetic operations. For floating-point representation, simpler formats have been used as an introduction to the IEEE Standard 754, with the aim of presenting the fundamentals of the floating-point computation and emphasizing its limitations. This approach could be included in introductory courses related to computer organization, programming, discrete mathematics, or numerical methods.
Geochemical characteristics,age and tectonic significance of Miocene aegirine-augite syenite on the north slope of the Tanggula Mountains,China.

Aegirine-augite syenite in the Adoi area is alkaline intrusive rock distributed on the north slope of the Tanggula Mountains.It contains a great deal of alkaline minerals such as aegirine-augite,leucite and nepheline.The intrusion shows distinct zoning.The leucite-aegirine-augite syenite in the center is typical alkaline rock,while the aegirine-augite syenite-porphyry occurring at edges or as dikes is more acid aegirine-augite syenite.The rock has the K-rich,high-Si and low-Fe and-Ma features and shows LREE-enriched distribution patterns,without Eu anomalies.Aegirine-augite syenite is intruded into the Early-Mid Jurassic Yanshiping Group and overlain by the Pliocene Quguo Formation.Orthoclase and biotite from the biotite aegirine-augite syenite-porphyry yielded Ar39/Ar40 plateau ages of 10.71±0.08 and 10.26±0.16 Ma respectively,indicating a Miocene emplacement age.Analysis of the tectonic environment suggests that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was in a period of transition of the tectonic regime at ～10 Ma.These alkaline rocks are the product of collapse of the orogenic belt in the early stage.
On The Politics of Property Rights by Haber, Razo, and Maurer

Stephen Haber et al. explore economic growth in key sectors of the Mexican economy, 1876-1929, an era of political instability and (1914-17) civil war. The authors demonstrate that economic growth continued amidst political instability and offer an explanation for their counterintuitive finding. Reviewing the evidence advanced by the authors, Robert Bates summarizes and comments on their argument, and applies it to "out of sample" data from Africa.
The Curator as Arts Administrator? Comments on Harald Szeemann and the Exhibition “When Attitudes Become Form”

In one of the first German language publications on arts management (the Baden-Baden Kunstgesprache, or Art Talks, from 1959) the question was discussed, “Is modern art managed?” The critics implied that the supposed managers of art had “managed” the introduction and dominance of “abstract art” in Germany, which was equivalent to saying that the commercial interests in the art trade had led the managers to offer only this kind of art (in this case, it was Tachisme) in the market, and particularly to have it shown in art institutions. That at any rate was the thesis put forward, for example, at the documenta II by Hans Sedlmayr, who was one of the best known German art critics in the 1950s and a prominent opponent of modernism (cf. Sedlmayr 2006). Among those who rejected this thesis were Theodor W. Adorno, Max Bense, and Daniel Henry Kahnweiler. They argued that before art is sold in the marketplace there is the nonmarket related activity of the artist, focused exclusively on questions internal to art, an...
Ownership, regulation, information and the capital acquisition process

This study examines the seasoned equity issues of companies traded on the London Stock Exchange, in the context of regulatory changes that have allowed UK firms more discretion in choice of issue approach. This has led many firms to issue through placing in preference to a rights issue. We examine the choice of seasoned equity issuance method, focusing on the choice between placings versus rights issues and develop a model to explain the choice of equity issue method that achieves a high level of predictive accuracy. In particular, information that firms disclose around the issuance process has significant explanatory power for issue method choice.
Mångfaldens praktik IV. Diversity management, discrimination and ethnic minorities in Europe : Clarifications, critiques and research agendas

The aim of this report is to clarify concepts and provide contextual information in order to better understand the development of di versity management in a European context. In Section 1 the repor! looks at theorigins of diversity management, the definitions of it that are currently in use, and the reasans why it developed. In Section 2 it provides aninsight inta the kinds of activities which take place under the heading ofdiversity management in US companies. In Section 3 the report looks at the background context for the development of diversity managementin Europe, and in Section 4 it considers the variables of European difference which may have implications for the form, content andexpansion of diversity management practice. In Section 5 it addresses same of the critiques of diversity management. The report finishes withsame observations on the relationship of di versity management to the issue of racial discrimination, and suggests same future issues for European researchers in this field.
The Trajectory of the Diva in Grand Tour Italy: Antonia Cavallucci and the Politics of Beauty and Fame

AbstractThe story of Antonia Cavallucci, attrice comica, who became a cantattrice and her fate in the theatre culture of mid-eighteenth century Italy is addressed in this case study which charts the fame and fortune of Cavallucci, whose career began as one of Venetian playwright Carlo Goldoni’s female protagonists. Cavallucci’s story moves the study of early modern actresses in Italy from the formulaic biographical treatment of actresses’ lives to a probing narrative that explores and exposes the stakes for both the actress and admiring spectator alike. The letters exchanged between Antonia Cavallucci and her patron, Giovanni Bianchi, reveal the conditions under which the nascent diva behavior and persona emerged, only to be quashed by the politics of fame, gender, and religion that ultimately damaged the reputation and careers of both Cavallucci and Bianchi alike. This article also includes a comparative consideration of actresses in England and Italy.
Regional Growth in the "New" Economy

There is a large body of knowledge about the regional economic growth process that some would argue contributes little to the analysis of such growth in today's "new" economy. This argument is examined in some detail and shown to exaggerate the shortcomings of what might now be considered the mainstream view of how to study the economic growth process of regions. There are nevertheless some shortcomings in the mainstream view for which new paradigms might be needed. Possible directions for future research that will remedy some of the current deficiencies in the mainstream models are explored.
Private Schools and Public Policy: International Perspectives

Part 1 Philosophical foundations of public policy towards private schools: a Libertarian perspective on schooling, Donald A.Erikson family choice in education - the case of Denmark, Holland and Australia, Denis P.Doyle a public choice perspective on private schooling, Jacob B.Michaelson schooling for poor and minority children - an equity perspective, Barbara L.Schneider rationales for private schools - a commentary, James G.Cibulka. Part 2 Private schools and public policy issues: private schools and public funds - a case study of an English initiative, A.Edwards et al the Hawke Labor Government and public-private school funding policies in Australia 1983-1986, Don Smart balancing public policy and private schools - the Australian experience and American implications, William Lowe Boyd public, private and separate schools in Ontario - developing a new social contract for education?, Stephen B.Lawton financing private schools - the West German case, Manfred Weiss public and private education in international perspective, Estelle James issues in public funding and governance, Berry H.Durston the politics of privatization - policy-making and private schools in the USA and Great Britain, Bruce S.Cooper a "back door" process of school privatization - the case of Israel, Dan E.Inbar can poor parents make wise educational choices?, Patricia A.Bauch elitism and patterns of independent education, Peter Mason elitism and the British "public" schools, Irene Fox.
Sourcing motives behind sourcing decisions exposed through the Sourcing Decision Framework

There is no doubt that information systems (IS) are the backbone of today’s organizations. Having an initial inspection on sourcing motives in the financial sector it can be stated that resources used in development of information systems (IS) are seen as an important factor for sustained competitive advantage. However, it can be claimed that it depends to a high extent on the application of different sourcing modes. This leads us to a closer inspection on sourcing motives through selected case studies and the following research question: How can motives for sourcing options of IS-development be explained? The empirical investigation on sourcing decisions and the motives behind, in addition to a literature review on sourcing decisions and sourcing options ends in four propositions. These propositions are then used in tandem with the findings from the empirical data for initial development of the Sourcing Decision Framework (SDF). Ultimately, what is at stake here is our framework (SDF) that from the initial development and the first test has shown to be purposive and could be further developed to a useful framework for analyzing sourcing decisions and as a guiding tool for decision-makers when deciding on sourcing options for IS-development.
The Geology of the Dolwyddelan Syncline (North Wales)

The importance of the Dolwyddelan syncline from a stratigraphical standpoint has long been recognized. It was considered by Ramsay to be a vital link or ‘key-area’ in the supposed correlation of the Snowdonian country with that of Bala. More recently, it was learned that the syncline contained graptolite-shales intimately connected with the Snowdonian volcanic rocks and offering definite evidence of their age. Considering, further, the unfortunate circumstance that on Snowdon itself the highest lavas are also the topmost beds, and that the lowest lavas are separated by a thick group of sediments from the highest graptolite horizon yet recognized there, the need for a re-study of the Dolwyddelan syncline, especially for more precise evidence as to the age of the Snowdon lavas, becomes apparent. The limits of any syncline are, of course, arbitrary, and as our chief aim has been to examine the volcanic rocks and the sediments immediately associated with them, we have restricted ourselves to the re-mapping of a narrow zone extending for about a third of a mile on either side of the synclinal axis over a distance of some 6 miles. We have, in addition, made a reconnaissance traverse along the southern slopes of Moel Siabod in order to evaluate the relations of the Snowdonian lavas of the syncline to the Capel Curig lavas which underlie them. The area illustrated on the map (Pl. XXXV) is also depicted on the 1-inch Geological Survey map (Old Series), Quarter-sheet 75 N.E., and comprises the 6-inch Quarter-sheet Caernarvon-shire 23
Investigation on structural and optical properties of ZnO film prepared by simple wet chemical method

ZnO thin layer has a broad potential application in electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this study, vertically align ZnO layers were deposited on ITO glass using wet chemistry method. The seed layers were prepared using electrodeposition technique at 3°C. The growing process was carried out using chemical bath deposition at 90°C. To improve the structural properties, two different hydrothermal treatment variations were applied separately. From the experiment, it is shown that the hydrothermal process using N2 gas has given the best result, with average diameter, crystallite size, and band-gap energy of 68.83 nm; 56.37 nm; and 3.16 eV, respectively.
A Communicating Finite Automata Approach to Modeling Distributed Computation and Its Application to Distributed Decision-Making

A modeling technique for distributed computation based on a combination of directed graphs and finite automata is described. The paradigm of distributed decision-making (DDM) is used to illustrate the technique for its two primary purposes: providing a standard specification mechanism for different algorithms for solving the same problem and providing a common mechanism for objective quantitative evaluation and comparison of alternative DDM algorithms. This is accomplished through the definition of the terms performance and efficiency as they relate to the domain of DDM. The two terms, which have precise meanings with respect to the analysis of sequential algorithms, currently lack a common interpretation in the environment of DDM. In particular, they need to be expressed in terms of the information movement necessary to share state information. The method has been used extensively to conduct analyses of several distribution scheduling algorithms. This paper focuses on the model specification properties.
Decentralised production organisation and institutional transformation: large and small firm networks in Chile and Nicaragua

This paper analyses changing production organisation and new governance that contribute to productive upgrading in developing economies. It discusses research conducted in Chile and Nicaragua, focused on agroindustrial clusters. Recent analyses of small firms in developing countries highlight the important presence of clusters, and local factors in building global competitiveness. This paper argues for an approach that focuses on the institutional arrangements to coordinate decentralised production networks. It emphasises the role of learning-by-monitoring as the key to successful adjustment in the face of liberalisation and globalisation. It identifies the institutional reshaping of relations between firms, and between the state and the economy.
Reconfiguring migration: an introduction

Mobility patterns in Africa are changing. They never were fixed, but they have been embedded for centuries in the policy regimes regulating local, regional and global economies. However, currently, the intersection of global politics of securitization and African everyday politics governed by inequality, disenchantment, survival and aspiration has accelerated changes. This themed section is concerned with the social effects of these changes as Africans struggle to attain their goals, whether they are migrants or not.
a CroSS-Country ComPariSon With Payment Diary Survey Data

We measure consumers' use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries: Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States (conducted 2009 through 2012). Our paper finds important cross-country differences, for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries. Cash has not disappeared as a payment instrument, especially for low-value transactions. We also find that the use of cash is strongly correlated with transaction size, demographics, and point-of-sale characteristics, such as merchant card acceptance and venue.
Entrainment of Country Rock during Basaltic Eruptions of the Lucero Volcanic Field, New Mexico

As magma rises through the lithosphere it may entrain wall rock debris. The entrainment process depends on the local hydrodynamic regime of the magma (e.g., velocity, temperature, bulk density), the extent of interaction of magma with groundwater, and the mechanical properties of the wall rocks. Wall rock entrainment results in local flaring of dikes and conduits, which in turn affects the hydrodynamics of magma ascent and eruption. We studied upper-crustal xenoliths erupted from small-volume basaltic volcanoes of the Lucero volcanic field (west-central New Mexico) in order to assess the relative importance of various entrainment mechanisms during a range of eruptive styles, including strongly hydrovolcanic, Strombolian, and effusive processes. Total xenolith volume fractions ranged from 0.3-0.9 in hydrovolcanic facies to $$<10^{-4}-10^{-2}$$ in Strombolian facies. The volcanoes erupted through a thick, well-characterized sequence of Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, so that erupted xenolith...
Learning from Levinas: A Response

In this paper I explore the question of how toapproach the writings of Emmanuel Levinas fromthe point of view of education. I argue thatLevinas has challenged the modern conception ofsubjectivity which underpins modern education.Instead of providing a new conception ofsubjectivity, his work should be understood asan attempt to account for the awakening of theuniqueness of the subject in ethical terms. Thecentral idea is that we come into presencethrough responding, through taking up – or notdenying – the undeniable responsibility whichprecedes our subjectivity. Levinas not onlyprovides us with a new way to `understand'subjectivity. `Responding' also suggests a wayto approach Levinas's writings that goes beyondthe simple application of his `truths' toeducational practice. Levinas's writingschallenge their reader to articulate a unique,unprecedented response. It is argued that thepapers to which this paper is a response alldisplay this approach to Levinas's writings. Itis further argued that `responding' is not onlya way to read Levinas, but ultimately a way tothink about education itself. To learn (fromLevinas) is to respond (to Levinas).
Prospects and Challenges of E-banking in Nepal

Financial Institutions are slowly moving from Brick and Mortar (Physical branches) to click and Brick (E-banking). ATM's are the most popular electronic delivery channel for banking services in Nepal. Only few customers are using internet banking facilities. Nepalese financial institutions till date have not faced any kind of electronic fraud or risk. Banks have basic security tools like firewall, lightening/power surge protection. But it is found that the some banks are in lack of having regular back up of website information and E-banking policy. Nepalese banks are using E-banking for their own convenience and for the purpose of retaining exiting customers. The cost analysis of most of the banks in Nepal is seems to be either inadequate or not applied due to their narrow space of business transaction or lack of sufficient tools. No significant correlation was found between use of E-banking and gender, marital status or salary of customer. However, Use of E-banking signification association was found with age and education. 
 
 The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. IV, No.1(2007) pp. 96-104
Drucker's Lost Art of Management: Peter Drucker's Timeless Vision for Building Effective Organizations

Chapter 1: Origins of Management as a Liberal Art in Peter Drucker's Writings Chapter 2: Management and Liberal Arts Traditions: Bridging the Two Worlds Chapter 3: Contributions of Management as a Liberal Art Chapter 4: Federalism and the Distribution of Power and Authority Chapter 5: The Human Dimension and Management as a Liberal Art Chapter 6: Effective Leadership as a Liberal Art Chapter 7: Social Ecology and the Practice of Management as a Liberal Art Chapter 8: Applied Social Ecology: Innovation and Change for a Hopeful and Bearable Society
Non-Abelian vortices in gauge theory

We consider the N=1*N=1* supersymmetric SU(2)SU(2) gauge theory and demonstrate that the Z2Z2 vortices in this theory acquire orientational zero modes, associated with the rotation of magnetic flux inside SU(2)SU(2) group, and turn into the non-Abelian strings, when the masses of all chiral fields become equal. These non-Abelian strings are not BPS-saturated. We study the effective theory on the string world sheet and show that it is given by two-dimensional non-supersymmetric O(3)O(3) sigma model. The confined 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole is seen as a junction of the Z2Z2-string and anti-string, and as a kink in the effective world sheet sigma model. We calculate its mass and show that besides the four-dimensional confinement of monopoles, they are also confined in the two-dimensional theory: the monopoles stick to anti-monopoles to form the meson-like configurations on the strings they are attached to.