nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Portfolio Choice Under Ambiguity

This paper represents an intersection between two lines of research. The first is portfolio choice theory, which underlies much of finance; the second is the elicitation of preferences under uncertainty. The theory of the behaviour of financial markets builds heavily on portfolio choice theory; until recently this has assumed that preferences are of a particularly simple kind. In contrast research on preferences has revealed that people have more sophisticated preferences. This paper tries to bring the two fields together by investigating, in a portfolio choice context, the preferences that are revealed by decisions. In the second of these two fields, researchers are increasingly using allocation problems to elicit the preferences of subjects, believing that such problems are more informative, and perhaps more natural, than other elicitation methods. At the same time portfolio choice theory is itself concerned with an allocation problem. Usually in experimental finance the allocation problems are over Arrow securities each of which pays off only in one state of the world. Instead we study the more realistic case, familiar from finance, in which all assets pay off in all states of the world. To make our study more realistic we frame the problem as one under ambiguity, where the probabilities of the states are not known to the decision-maker. This enables us to compare the performance of some recent theories of behaviour under ambiguity as well as traditional ones (such as Mean-Variance) from the theory of finance. We also identify a ‘rule of thumb’ that decision-makers may be using in this rather complex scenario. This research may help us to understand more fully actual portfolio choice decisions.
Abiotic formation of methyl iodide on synthetic birnessite: a mechanistic study.

Methyl iodide is a well-known volatile halogenated organic compound that contributes to the iodine content in the troposphere, potentially resulting in damage to the ozone layer. Most methyl iodide sources derive from biological activity in oceans and soils with very few abiotic mechanisms proposed in the literature. In this study we report that synthetic manganese oxide (birnessite δ-MnO2) can catalyze the formation of methyl iodide in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and iodide. Methyl iodide formation was only observed at acidic pH (4-5) where iodide is oxidized to iodine and NOM is adsorbed on δ-MnO2. The effect of δ-MnO2, iodide and NOM concentrations, nature of NOM and ionic strength was investigated. High concentrations of methyl iodide were formed in experiments conducted with the model compound pyruvate. The Lewis acid property of δ-MnO2 leads to a polarization of the iodine molecule, and catalyzes the reaction with natural organic matter. As manganese oxides are strong oxidants and are ubiquitous in the environment, this mechanism could significantly contribute to the global atmospheric input of iodine.
I wonder what the silence was about

The film I Wonder What the Silence is About is an investigation into the disappearance of Art In Ruins, an English artist duo who is known for their uncompromising, rigorous and provocative political art practice before they fell silent in the late 90ies. 
 
The film discusses the failure of Art in Ruins’ attempts to politicize artistic practice and reflects on the potential and limitations of contemporary critical art practice. Applying a rigorous formal language of fragmentation and repetition the film asks how imaginative recollections and assumptions can be easily reconfigured into new narratives. 
 
The film includes interviews with: 
Ed Baxter - resonance fm, Emma Dexter - Timothy Tailor Gallery, London, Stephen Foster - John Hansard Gallery Southampton, Rene Gimpel - Gimpel Fils Gallery, London, Justin Hofmann - Kunstverein Wolfsburg, Michael Hofstetter - artist, Munich, Stewart Home - artist, writer, London, Robin Klassnik - Matt’s Gallery, James Lingwood – Artangel, Douglas Park - artist, London, Jane Rolo - Book Works, London, Heinz Schuetz – Munich, Stepfan Szcelkun - artist, London, Christoph Tannert - Kuenstlerhaus Bethanien Berlin, David Thorp - curator, London, Ingeborg Wiensowski - Wiensowski und Harbord, Berlin, Thomas Wulffen - curator, Berlin
A Tamil modernist's account of India's past: Ram Raj, Merchant Raj, and British Raj

The Ramayana, one of Hinduism's two preeminent epics, has been retold in diverse ways over the centuries, but one modern rendition is unique: Nārata-Rāmāyaṇam(?) . Its author, C. Virudhachalam (1906–48), wrote in Tamil under the pen name Pudumaippittan, meaning “one who is mad about newness.” Nārata-Rāmāyaṇam(?) presents colonialism as a continuation of the Ramayana narrative, showing how an ancient South Asian narrative can serve as an imaginative framework for modern Indian writers. The text mounts an astute critique of the notion of perfect rule, Ram Raj, and suggests that such a utopian ideal fosters the veneration of a glorified past that never existed. The text's modernist literary ploys encourage scrutiny of culturally constructed concepts such as nationalism, consumerism, and narrative coherence. This unusual Ramayana reveals how narrative resources can be used to question both ancient and modern ideologies.
Z-Resolution: Theorem-Proving with Compiled Axioms

An improved procedure for resolution theorem proving, called Z-resolution, is described. The basic idea of Z-resolution is to “compile” some of the axioms in a deductive problem. This means to automatically transform the selected axioms into a computer program which carries out the inference rules indicated by the axioms. This is done automatically by another program called the specializer. The advantage of doing this is that the compiled axioms run faster, just as a compiled program runs faster than an interpreted program.
A proof is given that the inference rule used in Z-resolution is complete, provided that the axioms “compiled” have certain properties.
Hydrogen Bonds in "Carboxyoximes": the Case of Bomane Derivatives

für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 Lizenz. Hydrogen Bonds in “Carboxyoximes”: the Case of Bomane Derivatives
A Proterozoic Intracratonic Basin, Dyke Swarms and Thermal Evolution in South India

The spatial and temporal relationships between mid-Proterozoic, intracratonic sedimentation in the Cuddapah Basin and earlier Proterozoic basic dyke swarms are analyzed in the context of thermal and mechanical models for crustal doming, erosion and subsidence. The dyke orientations imply that the Archaean crust of South India was thermally warped into an elliptical dome with a roughly E-W axis, under varying regional tectonic conditions. Thermal relaxation of this dome, after erosion and crustal thinning, laid the basis for sedimentation in the Cuddapah Basin, whose deepest part lay to the SW of its present outcrop. Late-Proterozoic sedimentation of the Kurnool rocks must have been initiated by a later, separate thermal event.
Painting in Italy, 1500 to 1600

Preface Map 1 Central Italy 1500-1520 2 Venice 1500-1520 3 Central Italy 1520-1535 4 Post-Classical Innovators in North Italy 5 Venice 1520-1550 6 North Italy 1500-1550 7 Central Italy 1535-1575 8 Venice 1540-1600 9 North Italy 1550-1600 10 Central Italy 1570-1600 List of Principal Abbreviations used in the Notes and Bibliography Notes Bibliography List of Illustrations Index
6th International Workshop on Software Engineering for E-Learning (ISELEAR15)

This paper introduces the track 6th International Workshop on Software Engineering for E-learning (ISELEAR'15), which it will be held in Porto by October 7-9, 2015 in the context of the Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM'15) conference. The paper explains the main concepts about the discipline of Software Engineering for eLearning and it presents a brief history of the ISELEAR workshop series. Finally, papers accepted for the 6th edition of the workshop ISELEAR'15 are introduced.
On large Picard groups and the Hasse Principle for curves and K3 surfaces

but what is known exactly when X has no k-rational point? In the present paper we begin by collecting several properties of BP. Most of them are well known, but they are difficult to find all at one place in the literature. In spite of its simplicity, this study already raises several questions. In Section 2 we investigate rational curves and smooth quadrics in Pk. We shall see that BP behaves in a rather unexpected fashion (Example 2.9). Over a number field, this is intimately connected with the Hasse Principle.
National Identity Issues in the New German Elites: A Study of German University Students:

This empirical study treats German university students as a rising elite. After discussing the broader sociohistorical context of German national identity in recent decades, this study analyzes (a) students’ attitudes and perceptions on issues related to nationalism, national identity, and inclusion, and (b) the extent to which the “Wall in the Mind” as a psychological chasm persists in the new post-cold war generation of West and East Germans. Survey data were obtained from a sample of 544 students at 11 universities in the three areas of Germany: West Germany, East Germany, and Berlin.A major finding on the issue of national identity, as manifested in common symbols and common tasks, is a blurring of regional differences, with no significant differences found by age or gender. Overall, students reject “traditional” nationalism in favor of a “post-national” commitment to transnational values such as human rights and social equality for all. A significant majority feel there is a common German culture and...
Coloured migration in the Cape region at the beginning of the 21th century

During the twentieth century, the port of Cape Town transformed itself from a town of some 150 000 to a city of 3 million. Before this period, different cultural traits of inmigrating and resident groups had mixed and produced new syncretic features that were passed on to the next generation. In the second half of this century, however, state policies imposed separation and unequal access to state resources among groups within this population. Accordingly, the identities of coloured, black and white – imposed as they have been by the state from above – could not but continue to carry meaning in the lives of Cape Town’s residents and of those living in its hinterlands. Though rarely the primary identities of residents, these labels are widely acknowledged to be both shared and meaningful.
Karl Kraus, Oskar Kokoschka and 'The Prometheus triptych'

An essay examining the political content of Oskar Kokoschka's painting The Prometheus triptych, completed in 1950. The author identifies the social and political forces represented in the painting, as well as the contemporary figures personifying these forces, and their role in the artist's life. He analyzes Kokoschka's development of an appropriate visual language for expressing his condemnation of the depicted political developments, and reveals how the works of the writer Karl Kraus (1874–1936)—particularly his apocalyptic First World War drama Die letzten Tage der Menschheit—provide the key to unlocking the political nature of the triptych's central panel. This central panel is a dedicated representation of Die letzten Tage der Menschheit's key theme of the triumph of dynamic and self-seeking bourgeois groups over a European civilization fatally weakened by the corruption of Judaeo-Christian morality.
SAVINGS INCENTIVES FOR LOW‐AND MODERATE‐INCOME FAMILIES IN THE UNITED STATES: WHY IS THE SAVER'S CREDIT NOT MORE EFFECTIVE?

This paper uses data from the largest tax preparer in the United States to estimate the impact of the "saver's credit," a US federal program providing financial incentives to encourage retirement savings, on the decision to contribute to an IRA. It finds significant, but very modest, effects. This is contrasted with results from a field experiment showing much larger impacts of clearly presented matching incentives. Various explanations are discussed for why the saver's credit is not more effective.
Treatment of depression after myocardial infarction and the effects on cardiac prognosis and quality of life: rationale and outline of the Myocardial INfarction and Depression-Intervention Trial (MIND-IT).

Patients with a depressive disorder after myocardial infarction (MI) have a significantly increased risk of major cardiac events. The Myocardial INfarction and Depression-Intervention Trial (MIND-IT) investigates whether antidepressive treatment can improve the cardiac prognosis for these patients. The rationale and outline of the study are described.



In this multicenter randomized clinical trial, 2140 patients admitted for MI are screened for depressive symptoms with a questionnaire 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after MI. Patients with symptoms undergo a standardized psychiatric interview. Those with a post-MI depressive episode are randomized to intervention (ie, antidepressive treatment; n = 190) or care-as-usual (CAU; n = 130). In the intervention arm, the research diagnosis is to be confirmed by a psychiatrist. First-choice treatment consists of placebo-controlled treatment with mirtazapine. In case of refusal or nonresponse, alternative open treatment with citalopram is offered. In the CAU arm, the patient is not informed about the research diagnosis. Psychiatric treatment outside the study is recorded, but no treatment is offered. Both arms are followed for end points (cardiac death or hospital admission for MI, unstable angina, heart failure, or ventricular tachyarrhythmia) during an average period of 27 months. Analysis is on an intention-to-treat basis.



The MIND-IT study will show whether treatment of post-MI depression can improve cardiac prognosis.
A Historiographic Review of Literature on the Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict

A RECENTLY COMPLETED STUDY analyzed the status of Middle Eastern history in colleges and universities in the United States. It revealed that American and European historians have maintained an imposing preponderance within academic departments of history. Curriculum and scholarship about "Third World" countries continue to be represented by proportionately few historians. Furthermore, within the "Third World" area, there are fewer teaching positions for the Middle East than for Africa, East Asia, or Latin America.I In North America and Western Europe, academic centers for the study of the Middle East developed slowly after World War II. Studying and teaching Middle Eastern history took place at a limited number of institutions, introduced only as adjuncts to the coursework on Semitic languages, philology, or religion. Today, the number of properly trained Middle Eastern historians remains low, partly because of the challenging requirements of intricate foreign languages, the prolonged time needed to complete a doctorate, and lower remuneration than in alternative job opportunities for those with a Middle Eastern academic interest. In comparison to other fields of historical study, Middle Eastern history is a relatively young specialty, sparsely populated, and undeveloped in range and depth of scholarly publications. Since Middle Eastern historians are few in number, they are usually responsible for teaching regional courses that require broad historical coverage and often encompass issues that range chronologically from the Prophet Muhammad's life to Ayatollah Khomeini's death. Unlike academics teaching American or European history, Middle Eastern historians are generally not able to focus on considerably
Death and Gift

In this paper, I shall attempt to account for some of the main features of the philosophy of Jacques Derrida by an examination of the closely related themes of death and gift. I shall begin by exploring the way in which Derrida's interpretation of death, the dead, and what is spent has evolved through critical interpretations of philosophers such as Husserl and Rousseau. This analysis will form the background for a consideration of a significant turn in his thought which emerges when he turns his attention from the centrality of death in human experience to reflection upon the theme of life as gift.
Hincent: Quick content distribution with priorities and high incentives

Existing literature shows that Peer-to-Peer (P2P) content sharing can result in significant scalability gains in addition to assisting content distribution networks (CDNs). However, currently proposed CDN and P2P hybrid schemes do not provide accurate and efficient incentives to attract and maintain more peers. Besides, they do not use efficient prioritized congestion control and content source selection mechanisms to reduce content transfer time. We present Hincent, a quick content distribution protocol, which uses efficient prioritized rate allocation and content selection algorithms offering high incentives to participating peers. The fair incentives attract more peers which securely download and distribute contents. This in turn can benefit content providers and network operators. The Hincent rate allocations results in quicker content transfer time when compared with existing schemes. Hincent also employs effective rate enforcement mechanisms without requiring changes to the TCP/IP stack or to existing routers. Unlike existing centralized schemes such as YouTube, the design allows peers to have full control of (their) contents while sharing them with others using personal web servers. We have implemented Hincent in the NS2 simulator. Our detailed trace-based experiments show that Hincent outperforms existing schemes in terms of file download time and throughput by up to 30% on average. The results also demonstrate that Hincent obtains fair uplink prices for the uploaders and fair cost for the downloaders maintaining an overall system fairness. Besides, the results show the efficient Hincent enforcements of the prioritized allocations.
The Role of Consensus in the Neutrality/Advocacy Debate

v Introduction 1 Neutrality 7 Classic Neutrality 8 Revealed Neutrality 10 Criticisms of Classic Neutrality and How 11 Revealed Neutrality Answers Them It Promotes Dishonesty 11 It Promotes Moral Relativism 12 It Promotes a Lack of Commitment to Values 14 Illusion of Neutrality 14 Advocacy 18 Concerns about Advocacy 19 Indoctrination 19 Respecting Student Autonomy 20 Persuasive Advocacy 22 Critical Advocacy 23 The Open Approach 27 Dynamics of the Classroom 29 Neutrality, Then Advocacy 30 The Consensus View 32 The Consensus Dynamic 33 Controversy in General Public / Consensus amongst Experts 34 Consensus in General Public / Controversy in Field of Experts 36 Consensus in Both – Consensus is same 38 Consensus in Both – Consensus is Different 38 Controversy in Both 39  Works Cited 43 Vita 44
Metallic thin-film Co- and Ce/Co-coated steels as interconnect material in IT-SOFC

Cr vaporization, oxide scale growth, and the electrical scale resistance (ASR) were studied at 650°C on coated interconnects intended for IT-SOFC applications. The custom-made SOFC interconnect steel Sanergy HT was coated with thin-film Co- and Ce/Co-coatings and compared to the less expensive substrate steel AISI 441 which was coated with Ce/Co and a 15-20 μm thick commercial MCO-coating. All coated materials mitigated Cr vaporization, and due to the very thin chromia scales formed at the low exposure temperature, ASR values below 10 mΩcm 2 were measured for all materials after 500 h at 650°C. The results in this study show that thin-film metallic Co- and Ce/Co-coated steels show excellent properties as interconnect materials for IT-SOFCs. Thick MCO-coatings can also be used at low temperatures; however, the coating method might be a critical issue for lowtemperature applications.
Optimized Querying of Integrated Data over the Web

Information Integration is the problem of providing a uniform access to multiple and heterogeneous data sources. The most common approach to this task, called global-as-view, consists in providing a global schema of the data, in which each relation is defined as a view over a set of data sources. Recent works deal with this problem in the case of limited source capabilities, where, in general, sources can only be accessed respecting certain binding patterns for their attributes. In this case, computing the answer to a user query over the global schema cannot be done by simply substituting the concepts appearing in the query with their definitions. Instead, it may require the evaluation of a suitable recursive Datalog program.
Division of the geotectonic units of the middle-western area of north Tibet and its geological significance

The research area is located in the north margin of Gondwana. Since Mesozoic , the Bangong Lake-Lu River ocean and the Yaluzangbu River ocean have subducted toward each other, leading to the transformation of poly-island arc-basin and the intracontinental convergence-the plateau uplift, and forming a extreme complex pattern of geological structure. On the basis of the 1∶250 000 Bangduo Chuomai geologic maps of North Tibet and the previous regional geological data in the theory of the poly-island arc-basin orogency model ,it is believed that geotectonic unit Ⅰ--the Banggong Lake-Lu River junction zone and Ladake-Gangdisi-Lasa-Tengchong continental block from north to south can be divided further into such geotectonic units Ⅱ such as the late Jurassic foreland basin, the Cretaceous residual sea basin, the Asuo tectonic melange, the Yanshanian magma arc,the Mesozoic compound back-area basin and fault-uplift zone , late Yanshanian-Himalayan magma arc and the Neogene Quaternary S-N graben and so on.The result shows that complex orogenesis reminders are very well arranged in a time-space seqaence
Life-Course Patterns and Peasant Culture in France: a Critical Assessment

French scholars of the family and peasant culture have made little use of the life-course framework of analysis. The present study argues that the concept of life course is not neutral and implies the possibility of free choice for the individual. Postulating such choices conflicts with the social organization of peasant society where individuals' lives are embedded in the family and the group. Examining the various stages of the life cycle, the study gives examples of the collective aspects of social life, and its various economic and cultural facets. It then investigates various factors leading to the break-up of communal life and the rise of individualism, which made the use of the life-course concept relevent to analysis.
The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations

In this landmark work, NEW YORKER columnist James Surowiecki explores a seemingly counter-intuitive idea that has profound implications. Decisions taken by a large group, even if the individuals within the group aren't smart, are always better than decisions made by small numbers of 'experts'. This seemingly simply notion has endless and major ramifications for how businesses operate, how knowledge is advanced, how economies are (or should be) organised and how nation-states fare. With great erudition, Surowiecki ranges across the disciplines of psychology, economics, statistics and history to show just how this principle operates in the real world. Along the way Surowiecki asks a number of intriguing questions about a subject few of us actually understand - economics. What are prices? How does money work? Why do we have corporations? Does advertising work? His answers, rendered in a delightfully clear prose, demystify daunting prospects. As Surowiecki writes: 'The hero of this book is, in a curious sense, an idea, a hero whose story ends up shedding dramatic new light on the landscapes of business, politics and society'.