nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Meta-modeling concepts and tools for model management: a systems approach

We present a new framework for model management based on system concepts and theory. Underlying the framework is a set of meta-modeling concepts that are useful in capturing the semantics of the modeling process in a modeling environment. These concepts include the notions of a general-model type, type specialization, atomic and composite model versions, model instances, and parameterized versions. We describe these concepts both conceptually and formally and then briefly present a Model Description Language (MDL) that embodies them. While other researchers have suggested some of these concepts primarily in different contexts, this paper makes at least four valuable contributions: (1) the identification of fundamental issues and principles related to model management; (2) the development and enhanced treatment of meta-modeling concepts specifically for model management; (3) the synthesis of those concepts into a coherent, unifying framework for model management; and (4) a demonstration of the practicality of those concepts through a prototype system implementation. Our framework proposes a graph-oriented, nonprocedural, and hierarchical approach for model composition. The framework also supports both model-solver independence and model-data independence. Moreover, it offers general solutions to two critical issues in model management: model-model linkage and model-data linkage. We argue that the system framework can serve as a guide for an effective design of a flexible and extensible model management system. An architecture of such a system and its prototype implementation---called SYMMS---are briefly described. Examples are presented to illustrate the features and advantages of our approach.
Model Theory of Fields With Operators - a Survey

The model theory of fields with operators has proven to be very useful in applications of model theory to problems outside logic. Differentially closed fields and separably closed fields were instrumental in Hrushovski’s proof of the conjecture of Mordell-Lang (), and in work of Hrushovski and Pillay on counting the number of transcendental points on certain varieties (). Let me also mention Ax’s work () on connections between transcendence theory and differential algebra, which has been recently elaborated on by Bertrand and Pillay () and Kowalski () in positive characteristic. The model theory of difference fields also provided various achievements: Hrushovski’s new proof of the conjecture of Manin-Mumford (), Scanlon’s approach to p-adic abc conjectures and proximity questions ([89], [90], ), and his solution to Denis’ conjecture ([92]); more recently, applications to algebraic dynamics by Hrushovski and the author ([21], [22], ), and by Medvedev and Scanlon (). Model theory also provides some insight on the Galois theory of systems of differential (or difference) equations and of Picard-Vessiot extensions, or of strongly normal extensions of Kolchin, see e.g. [74]. The aim of this article is not to present these applications, but to give a survey of what is known of the model theory of these enriched fields. We will discuss such issues as existence of model companions and their various axiomatisations, elimination of quantifiers and decidability; we will also investigate stability theoretic properties and mention some open problems. Another notable omission of this survey is that of exponential fields, which have seen many extraordinary developments in the past twenty years: in the context of the field of real numbers, or in the context of the field of complex numbers. I do not consider myself an expert in this subject, parts of which are still in full progress.
Crust–mantle interaction triggered by oblique subduction of the Pacific plate: geochronological, geochemical, and Hf isotopic evidence from the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of Zhejiang Province, southeast China

Large-scale volcanism in the late Mesozoic was a prominent geological event in southeast China. The late Mesozoic volcanic sequences, named the Moshishan Group, are exposed in Zhejiang Province and are predominantly felsic in composition with subordinate mafic magma and rare andesites. To understand the late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of southeast China, we present zircon U–Pb dating, major and trace element analyses, and Hf isotopic compositions from felsic volcanic rocks of the Moshishan Group. Zircon U–Pb dating shows that the Moshishan Group formed between 145 and 129 Ma. The eHf(t) of the analysed zircons ranges from −16.58 to +6.89, and the TDM2 age ranges from 753 to 2238 Ma with a major peak at ca. 1870 Ma. Hf isotopic compositions of zircons in Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks are more radiogenic than that of the metamorphic basement rocks, indicating a juvenile component in these magmas. Major element concentrations show that the volcanic rocks mainly belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series. B...
Behavior of Ultrahigh-Temperature ZrB2-Based Ceramics in Oxidation

Ultrahigh-temperature ZrB2-based ceramics with different sintering additions was developed for extreme conditions. Its strength characteristics, phase composition, and structure were examined. The ceramics was oxidized in air at 1250 and 1550°C. In addition, the most stable composites were subjected to temperature cycling in a flow of aviation fuel combustion products in a temperature range of 1400–1500°C. All materials show high oxidation resistance. The method used to produce samples influences their oxidation behavior: materials produced by vacuum hot pressing show higher oxidation resistance than those produced by hot pressing in a CO–CO2 atmosphere, probably because of their higher final density. The best results were obtained when ZrB2 sintering was combined with introduction of MoSi2 and CrB2.
Electronic structure and the thermodynamic constants of the complex formed between dichlorogermylene and triphenylphosphine

Conclusions1.On the basis of a quantum-chemical calculation and NMR spectroscopic data, it has been established that the Ph3P·GeCl2 complex is a charge-transfer complex. Furthermore, the positive charge is substantially localized on the P atom, while the negative charge is concentrated on the Cl atoms of the GeCl2 fragment.2.The Arrhenius dependence for the equilibrium constant of the complex in a solution of dibutyl ether and the thermodynamic constants for the complex were determined by UV spectroscopy.
Mapping lives : the uses of biography

The Proper Study? Kay Ferres: Gender, Biography, and the Public Sphere Sergei Averintsev: From Biography to Hagiography: Some Stable Patterns in the Greek and Latin Tradition of Lives, including Lives of the Saints Martin McLaughlin: Biography and Autobiography in the Italian Renaissance Ian Donaldson: National Biography and the Arts of Memory: From Thomas Fuller to Colin Matthew Peter France: From  The French Academic Eloge Roger Paulin: Adding Stones to the Edifice: Patterns of German Biography Elinor Shaffer: Shaping Victorian Biography: From Anecdote to Bildungsroman Ann Jefferson: Sainte-Beuve: Biography, Criticism and the Literary Avril Pyman: Yury Tynyanov and the 'Literary Fact' Malcolm Bowie: Freud and the Art of Biography Laura Marcus: The Newness of the 'New Biography': Biographical Theory and Practice in the Early Twentieth Century William St Clair: The Biographer as Archaeologist Mark Kinkead-Weekes: Writing Lives Forwards: A Case for Strictly Chronological Biography Miranda Seymour: Shaping the Truth Christina Howells: Sartre's Existential Biographies: A Search for a Method Ian  A Life on Film James Walter: 'The Solace of Doubt?' Biographical Methodology after the Short Twentieth Century.
"The Whole Root Is Somewhere in the Music": Jazz, Soul, and Literary Influence in

This article discusses the contemporary British Caribbean writer Caryl Phillips and the twentieth-century African-American writer James Baldwin within a comparative framework that speaks to the expanding issue of international (and transnational) American literary influence. Baldwin has frequently been cited by Phillips as a major literary source, but the nature of this influence can be difficult to frame. The article is interdisciplinary in nature and takes its theoretical framework not from narrative theory but from music theory. Issues of creative repetition in black music and rhythmic counterpoint in jazz are suggested as models that can be applied to a relationship of literary influence. The article applies these issues to close readings of Baldwin's "Sonny's Blues" (1957) and Phillips' In the Falling Snow (2009), focusing on the musical structures, themes, and motifs that permeate both texts.
The water quality ramifications in estuaries of converting forest to intensive agriculture

A fou r year (1974-1978) i n v e s t i g a t i o n of t h e water q u a l i t y r a m i f i c a t i o n s i n e s t u a r i e s of conver t ing bordering f o r e s t s t o i n t e n s i v e a g r i c u l t u r e was conducted with r e f e rence t o land deve1opment .b~ Open Grounds Faini, Inc . i n C a r t e r e t County, Nbrth Caro l ina , a s i t inf luenced t h e South River e s tua ry . S i g n i f i c a n t changes occurred i n s a l i n i t y of su r f ace waters , t u r b i d i t y , ' a n d d i s so lved n u t r i e n t s i n t h e ' e s t u a r y . However, no s i g n i f i c a n t changes were noted i n s a l i n i t y of bottom waters (except a t one s t a t i o n ) , oxygen concent r a t i o n , o r phytoplankton biomass. A l is t of management recommendations i s presented t o guide t h e development of c o a s t a l p l a i n s wetlands which border e s t u a r i e s i n t h e southeas te rn United S t a t e s . . . TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . .
SIPR: A New Framework for Generating Efficient Code for Sparse Matrix Computations

Developing computational codes that compute with sparse matrices is a difficult and error-prone process. Automatic generation of sparse code from the corresponding dense version would simplify the programmer's task, provided that a compiler-generated code is fast enough to be used instead of a hand-written code. We propose a new Sparse Intermediate Program Representation (SIPR) that separates the issue of maintaining complicated data structures from the actual matrix computations to be performed. Cost analysis of SIPR allows for the prediction of the program efficiency, and provides a solid basis for choosing efficient sparse implementations among many possible ones. The SIPR framework allows the use of techniques that are frequently used in the handwritten codes but previously were not considered for compiler-generated codes due to their complexity. We have developed tools that allow the automatic generation of efficient C++ implementations from SIPR, and describe experimental results on the performance of those implementations.
Propaganda of the Hundred Years War: poems on the Battles of Crecy and Durham (1346): a critical edition

The two poems edited here celebrate the English victories in 1346 over France ( Crecy ) and Scotland ( Durham ) in the early part of the Hundred Years War. Together with another on the siege of Calais in 1346–47 ( Cantica leticie ) they are by a writer I have labeled the “Anonymous of Calais.” They were first printed in 1859, but Wright's edition is flawed not only by errors of transcription and a clear failure to follow the sense (notably by accepting Valeys “Valois” at Crecy 272, where Kaleys “Calais” is essential), but also by his textual procedure, which implies that there was a single authorial original from which the manuscript witnesses deviated. I have tried to show here that there are two distinct versions, one an adaptation of the other.
Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Bi2O3 Added (Ba0.86Ca0.14)(Ti0.85Zr0.12Sn0.03)O3 Ceramics

In this works, in order to develop the composition ceramics for a capacitor with the excellent dielectric properties, (Ba0.86Ca0.14) (Ti0.85Zr0.12Sn0.03) O3(abbreviated as BCTZ) ceramics were fabricated with the amount of Bi2O3. All specimens showed a typical perovskite structure. As the Bi2O3 addition was increased, secondary phase was found. When x = 0.006, the maximum value of εr = 6043 was shown at 0 °C. At the 0.003 mol Bi2O3, the most excellent dielectric and TCC properties were obtained. Namely, the dielectric constant (εr), the range of TCC from − 20 to 80 °C, Curie temperature were 5015, − 2 to + 48%, and 40 °C, respectively.
Human-enabled sustainable management of mobile cloud on 5G network: student research abstract

This paper presents a hierarchical system architecture for Mobile Cloud Computing based on a novel 5G system architecture. Initially, a hierarchical system architecture is divided into three phases, i.e., foglet layer, service layer, and communication layer. Foglet layers provide the functionality of efficient resource sharing, the service layers assist the network by providing cloud services, and finally, the communication layers help in providing energy efficient communication using 5G system architecture. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing cloud computing example scenario regarding cost and
An integration of the Contribution-Inducement model and economic theory

According to the Contribution-Inducement model, the organization is viewed as a coalition between a number of participants. This model is made more precise with the aid of economic theory in order to enhance the degree to which it can be tested. With the help of C-I model, defined here, problems and actions within a market economy can be analysed in a more operational way than previously. The model can also provide a new insight into the power relations and conflicts between the various participants. According to this model the management, by virtue of its central, well-informed and professional standing, will be in a position to concentrate on increasing its own freedom of action at the expense of consumers in particular but also of labour. In that case, the owners of the organization will, with the aid of the management, obtain a strikingly large part of the surplus generated by the organization.
British Idealism: A Guide for the Perplexed

There has been a significant renewal of interest in the British Idealists in recent years. Scholars have acknowledged their critical contribution to a number of philosophical theories in the fields of politics, law, morality, epistemology and metaphysics.. British Idealism: A Guide for the Perplexed offers a clear and thorough account of this key philosophical movement, providing an outline of the key terms and central arguments employed by the idealists. David Boucher and Andrew Vincent lay out the historical context and employ analytical and critical methods to explain the philosophical background and key concepts. The book explores the contribution of British Idealism to contemporaneous philosophical, political and social debates, emphasizing the continuing relevance of the central themes of their philosophy. Geared towards the specific requirements of students who need to reach a sound understanding of British Idealism, the book serves as an ideal companion to the study of this most influential and important of movements.
Combining Independent Modules in Lexical Multiple-Choice Problems

Existing statistical approaches to natural language problems are very coarse approximations to the true complexity of language processing. As such, no single technique will be best for all problem instances. Many researchers are examining ensemble methods that combine the output of multiple modules to create more accurate solutions. This paper examines three merging rules for combining probability distributions: the familiar mixture rule, the logarithmic rule, and a novel product rule. These rules were applied with state-of-the-art results to two problems used to assess human mastery of lexical semantics -- synonym questions and analogy questions. All three merging rules result in ensembles that are more accurate than any of their component modules. The differences among the three rules are not statistically significant, but it is suggestive that the popular mixture rule is not the best rule for either of the two problems.
Who cares?: theory, research, and educational implications of the ethic of care

Defining and Re-Defining the Ethic of Care Twenty Three Hundred Years of Women Philosophers: Toward a Gender Undifferentiated Moral Theory by Mary Ellen Waithe The Liberation of Caring: A Different Voice for Gilligan's "Different Voice" by Bill Puka Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child: The Call and Response for a Liberational Ethic of Care by Black Feminists by Toinette M. Eugene Pragmatism, Feminism and Sensitivity to Context by Charlene Haddock Seigfried Prolegomena to Future Caring by Barbara Houston Empirical Studies of Those Who Care Ways of Knowing, Learning and Making Moral Choices by Nona Lyons Gender Differences in Empathy and Prosocial Moral Reasoning: Empirical Investigations by Nancy Eisenberg, Richard Fabes and Cindy Shea Ethical Sensitivity and Moral Reasoning among Men and Women in the Professions by Muriel Bebeau and Mary Brabeck The Caring Self: Social Experiences of Power and Powerlessness by M. Brinton Lykes Educating for Care Transforming Moral Education by Jane Roland Martin The Just Community Educational Program: The Development of Moral Role-Taking as the Expression of Justice and Care by Ann Higgins Educating Moral People by Nel Noddings Selected Bibliography Index
Hydrothermal processes at mid-ocean ridges: Results from scale analysis and single-pass models

Hydrothermal processes at ocean ridge crests involve a complex interplay between the dynamics of heat supply and the evolution of crustal permeability that results in a broad spectrum of issues to challenge hydrothermal modelers. Among these are: (1) the detailed relationships between heat supply and hydrothermal heat transfer, (2) the mechanisms controlling vent stability and long-term evolution of hydrothermal vents, including the relationship between focused and diffuse flow, (3) temporal variability related to magmatic and tectonic events, (4) boiling, phase separation and the evolution of vent chlorinity, and (5) the linkages among heat transfer, fluid flow, geochemical and biological processes in controlling character and evolution of vent fields. Here we address a number of these issues in the context of scale analysis and single-pass models. Scale analysis shows that plume heat transfer in a homogeneous system with an imposed heat flux from below does not correspond to observed black smoker flow. Single-pass models show that black smoker venting requires a conductive boundary layer no more than a few tens of meter thick above a magma chamber and a discharge zone with permeability between 10 -13 and 10 -11 m 2 . Long-term vent stability requires that the thin conductive boundary be maintained, probably by some combination of magma replenishment and crack propagation, and a broad recharge zone to prevent clogging by anhydrite. Event plumes may be driven by dike emplacement provided the dike locally increases the permeability by two orders of magnitude and provides a significant fraction of event plume heat.
Collision of the North China and Yangtse Blocks and formation of coesite-bearing eclogites: Timing and processes☆

Various types of eclogite, including coesite-bearing varieties formed under high- P -high- T conditions (up to 27 kbar, 700–800°C), and glaucophane schist occur in the Dabie Mountains and the SuLu terrane, eastern China. Dating of these high-pressure rocks by the SmNd mineral isochron and 40 Ar 39 Ar method suggests that the occurrence of the high-pressure metamorphism was during the early Triassic. LREE-enriched chondrite-normalized patterns for type-II eclogites and low initial ϵ Nd of − 14 to − 3 and the 87 Sr 86 Sr-values (0.706–0.710) for various types of eclogites suggest that their protoliths were mainly derived from Precambrian island arc or intraplate basalts in the basement of the Yangtse Block and the enriched pyroxenite layer in alpine peridotite. The P-T-t path of eclogite from the southern Dabie Mountains suggests that the uplift history of eclogite in the Dabie Mountains can be subdivided into two stages: (1) fast uplift driven by thrust during continental-continental collision and deep subduction (at 221 Ma) of the continental crust; (2) later gentle uplift with rise of the Dabie Mountains in the late Jurassic and Cretaceous (at 134 Ma). It is proposed that the collision between the North China Block and Yangtse Block began in the late Permian or early Triassic with a north-dipping subduction zone. This was followed by subduction of the continental crust of the Yangtse Block under the North China Block during the Triassic. These two continental blocks were welded into a single tectonic unit in the late Jurassic or early Cretaceous. Different cooling histories for a coexisting gneiss and eclogite pair from Shima area suggest that the eclogite and their country rocks are not always coherent to each other. Some of them may have been juxtaposed through tectonic processes from different levels.
Personal investment behavior: A case study of Karur District, Tamilnadu

The purpose of the study was to determine the individual investor behavior and to develop the individual investor profile in terms of their risk profile, influence of demographic factors on investment behavior and nature of investment products of the investors in Karur district, Tamilnadu. The investment preferences, choice of investments and other factors influencing the investment decisions were also analyzed. The study was conducted with 150 sample respondents from Karur district. The findings of the study can form the basis for policy makers for new product development in the financial sector and provide guidelines to the Financial Service Institutions/Organizations for utilizing the Personal financial resources optimally.
Mechanistic studies in strong acids. VIII. Hydrolysis mechanisms for some thiobenzoic acids and esters in aqueous sulfuric acid, determined using the excess acidity method

The excess acidity method has been applied to hydrolysis rate data, obtained as a function of medium composition, for four thiobenzoic acids, thioacetic acid, eight ethyl thiolbenzoates, and eight ethyl thionbenzoates in aqueous sulfuric acid. The mechanistic behaviour thus revealed has both similarities to and differences from that of a typical ester like ethyl benzoate, which gives benzoic acid by an A-2 reaction involving two water molecules in weak acid, and by A-1 acylium ion formation in strong acid. The thioacids follow this behaviour, except that the A-2 process involves three water molecules, and that the mechanistic changeover occurs in 60% rather than 80% acid. The A-2 process for the ethyl thiolbenzoates is slow; the major hydrolysis mechanism is acylium ion formation, not in an A-1 reaction but by a concerted A-SE2 process involving both proton transfer to sulfur and carbon–sulfur bond breaking. The major proton transfer agent is the undissociated sulfuric acid molecule. The thionbenzoate est...