nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Discourses of deficit

List of Contributors Introduction C.N.Candlin & J.Crichton PART I: CHARACTERISATION IN THE CONTEXT OF LAW Constructing Vulnerability: The Experience of Children and Other Groups within Legal Discourse J.Luchjenbroers & M.Aldridge Learning and Unlearning Being Guilty: On the Contingent Ascription of a Deficit Category T.Scheffer PART II: RESPONSIBILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL WORK Categorizations of Child 'In Need' and Child 'In Need of Protection' and its Implications for the Formulation of 'Deficit' Parenting C.Hall & S.Slembrouck 'She Is Not Coping': Risk Assessment and Claims of Deficit in Social Work A.S.Firkins & C.N.Candlin PART III: IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF HEALTH CARE Narrative, Identity and Care: Joint Problematisation in a Study of People Living With Dementia J.Crichton & T.Koch 'We're Just Going to be Talking About You...': Identifying Deficits and Achieving Quality in Nurse Patient Discourse S.Candlin 'You Don't Want to Look Like That for the Rest of Your Life': Contested Discourses of Loss in a Normative Societal Context L.Stirling, L.Manderson & J.Macfarlane PART IV: RELATIONSHIPS IN THE CONTEXT OF MANAGEMENT Identity Work in Consultancy Projects: Ambiguity and Distribution of Credit and Blame M.Alvesson & S.Sveningsson On the Discursive Construction of Knowledge Deficits in the 'Alter' P.Kastberg & M.Grove Ditlevsen PART V: CAPACITY IN THE CONTEXT OF COMMUNICATION DISORDER The Discursive Construction of Language Disorders D.Kovarsky & I.Walsh Public and Private Identity: The Co-Construction of Aphasia Through Discourse E.Armstrong, A.Ferguson & L.Mortensen PART VI: RECOGNITION IN THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATIONAL DIVERSITY Epistemic Injustice and the Power to Define: Interviewing Cameroonian Primary School Teachers About Language Education E.Esch Absence as Deficit in Assessing Intercultural Capability A.Scarino PART VII: AGENCY IN THE CONTEXT OF MARKETING Discourses of Deficit and Deficits of Discourse: Computers, Disability and Mediated Action R.Jones Young Peoples' Binge Drinking Constituted as a Deficit of Individual Self-Control in UK Government Alcohol Policy C.Hackley, A.Bengry-Howell, C.Griffin, W.Mistral & I.Szmigin PART VIII: MEMBERSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF INSTITUTIONAL APPRAISAL Measuring Deficit T.McNamara A Neo-Colonial Farce? Discourses of Deficit in Australian Aboriginal Land Claim and Native Title Cases M.Walsh Index
Two notes on propositional primal logic

Propositional primal logic, as defined by Gurevich and Neeman, has two kinds of quotations: p said φ, and p implied φ. Note 1. The derivation problem for propositional primal logic with one kind of quotations is solvable linear time. Note 2. In the Hilbertian calculus for propositional primal logic, the shortest derivation of a formula φ from hypotheses H may be exponential in the length of (H,φ).
Thermodynamic Functions of Solvation of Hydrocarbons, Noble Gases, and Hard Spheres in Tetrahydrofuran-Water Mixtures.

Thermodynamic solvation properties of mixtures of water with tetrahydrofuran at 298 K are studied. The Gibbs free energies and enthalpies of solvation of n-octane and toluene are determined experimentally. For molecular dynamics simulations of the binary solvent, we have modified a TraPPE-UA model for tetrahydrofuran and combined it with the SPC/E potential for water. The excess thermodynamic functions of neon, xenon, and hard spheres with two different radii are calculated using the particle insertion method. Simulated and real systems share the same characteristic trends for the thermodynamic functions. A maximum is present on dependencies of the enthalpy of solvation from the composition of solvent at 70-90 mol % water, making it higher than in both of the cosolvents. It is caused by a high enthalpy of cavity formation in the mixtures rich with water due to solvent reorganization around the cavity, which is shown by calculation of the enthalpy of solvation of hard spheres. Addition of relatively small amounts of tetrahydrofuran to water effectively suppresses the hydrophobic effect, leading to a quick increase of both the entropy and enthalpy of cavity formation and solvation of low polar molecules.
A comparison of North American and European railway systems – a critique and riposte

PurposeThe objective of current paper is to offer constructive criticism and expose some serious shortcomings in the paper published Clausen and Voll ( 2013) in the ETRR.MethodA literature review method is applied for the current research paper. A technical and scientific discussion, including organizational and policy issues in relation to rail freight transport systems in Europe and U.S., is performed.ResultClausen and Voll  ostensibly set out to draw comparisons between North American and European railway systems. It claims to be focused on the management and operation of carload freight and how this is organized, planned and moved but does not develop this in adequate detail. The paper fails to address many generic contextual differences and influences that govern the management and operation of carload freight in both domains. It does not present a balanced or complete set of arguments as to why one scenario is to be preferred to the other.The analysis in the paper is largely generic, limited and yet arrives at robust and trenchant conclusions preferring the North American production model without any real substantiation or justification for this position being presented. The European position is inadequately described in terms of governance, ownership and operational models and is criticised for its constraints and limitations without any real explanation as to how these could be overcome. The relatively slow evolution of the response of the US railroads to the legislation that endowed them with greater commercial and operational freedoms is not adequately covered. The position in Europe in relation to a rapid sequence of interventions and directives is also not adequately reviewed.The paper does not demonstrate the impact of recent technologies in terms of intermodal activities despite these being significant components of rail freight volume and revenue in both domains. The paper also has very limited details on the commercial and competitive realities faced by railways in both domains including rail-on-rail, waterway and road based competition and how this is managed by the train operators. The paper makes superficial reference to the “Blocking Problem” but fail to develop what this implies and how the rail freight operators develop strategies to mitigate this.
The Universal Theory of First Order Algebras and Various Reducts

First order formulas in a relational signature can be considered as operations on the relations of an underlying set, giving rise to multisorted algebras we call first order algebras. We present universal axioms so that an algebra satisfies the axioms iff it embeds into a first order algebra. Importantly, our argument is modular and also works for, e.g., the positive existential algebras (where we restrict attention to the positive existential formulas) and the quantifier-free algebras. We also explain the relationship to theories, and indicate how to add in function symbols.
Notes on quasiminimality and excellence

This paper ties together much of the model theory of the last 50 years. Shelah's attempts to generalize the Morley theorem beyond first order logic led to the notion of excellence, which is a key to the structure theory of uncountable models. The notion of Abstract Elementary Class arose naturally in attempting to prove the categoricity theorem for L ω 1 ,ω(Q). More recently, Zilber has attempted to identify canonical mathematical structures as those whose theory (in an appropriate logic) is categorical in all powers. Zilber's trichotomy conjecture for first order categorical structures was refuted by Hrushovski, by the introducion of a special kind of Abstract Elementary Class. Zilber uses a powerful and essentailly infinitary variant on these techniques to investigate complex exponentiation. This not only demonstrates the relevance of Shelah's model theoretic investigations to mainstream mathematics but produces new results and conjectures in algebraic geometry.
Moorean Phenomena in Epistemic Logic

A well-known open problem in epistemic logic is to give a syntactic characterization of the successful formulas. Semantically, a formula is successful if and only if for any pointed model where it is true, it remains true after deleting all points where the formula was false. The classic example of a formula that is not successful in this sense is the \Moore sentence" p^: p, read as \p is true but you do not know p." Not only is the Moore sentence unsuccessful, it is self-refuting, for it never remains true as described. We show that in logics of knowledge and belief for a single agent (extended by S5), Moorean phenomena are the source of all self-refutation; moreover, in logics for an introspective agent (extending KD45), Moorean phenomena are the source of all unsuccessfulness as well. This is a distinctive feature of such logics, for with a non-introspective agent or multiple agents, non-Moorean unsuccessful formulas appear. We also consider how successful and self-refuting formulas relate to the Cartesian and learnable formulas, which have been discussed in connection with Fitch’s \paradox of knowability." We show that the Cartesian formulas are exactly the formulas that are not eventually self-refuting and that not all learnable formulas are successful. In an appendix, we give syntactic characterizations of the successful and the self-refuting formulas.
“Firm Outlines and Hard Muscles Immortalised”: Ancient Statuary and E.P. Warren’s “Uranian Ideal”

This chapter examines the role of ancient sculpture in the homoerotic ideals and real-life relationships of collector Edward Perry Warren in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The classical male nude in particular facilitated for Warren the establishment of models of virile masculinity and age-differentiated male-male attachments, as well as their wider dissemination through the provision of material to international museums. He saw certain styles of ancient art as embodying specific ancient values which could challenge contemporary heteronormativity, but also associations between homosexuality, effeminacy and aestheticism, and could confront emerging political ideas around gender equality.
Structure and properties of amorphous silica and its related materials : Recent developments and future directions

Amorphous silica and related silica-based materials have been widely developed in optoelectronics and optical telecommunications technology. Despite comprehensive research for over the decades, the subject of amorphous silica continues to excite the interest of researchers in the field of chemistry, physics, and geology. This paper reviews some of the recent experimental and theoretical developments in the field, including medium-range order, structural changes under pressures, vibrational and thermodynamic anomalies, and photoluminescence properties.
Reading/Literacy – For the Lower Orders?: Part 1: From Wycliff to the Seventeenth Century

The first part of this account of struggles over literacy begins with the later middle ages and follows issues in the construction of a literacy addressed to the lower orders through to the seventeenth century. After the suppression of the Lollard Bible had left the English peasantry without that spur to literacy, the sixteenth-century formation of Renaissance grammar schools, with their classical education based on rhetoric, created a new cultural and linguistic gap from the lower orders. Only the most original English writers, steeped in this classical tradition, managed occasionally to bridge the gap. But after 1650, Hobbes led the way in avoiding figurative language, at least for philosophical and scientific discussion, and Lucy Hutchinson, from a dissenting family, showed in her autobiography how a fondness for the servants’ stories could open the way to a colloquial idiom.
Postoperative ventricular tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease: diagnosis and management

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) after palliative repair of congenital heart disease is relatively rare. Despite this rarity, VT is a known cause of early, intermediate and late morbidity and mortality in these patients. A number of factors have been linked to the development of VT in this unique patient population. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise overview regarding the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of VT in patients with congenital heart disease. In-depth information will be provided to aid diagnosis and the treatment of early postoperative VT. The use of additional diagnostic methods such as echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and electrophysiology studies to risk assess patients with postoperative VT will also be discussed. In addition, I examine the long-term management strategies for VT in these patients, from medical management and cardiovascular surgery to implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators.
Genetics and evolution of parasites and hosts: some comments.

We provide a brief commentary on aspects of the analysis of the genetics and evolution of malaria parasites. Any attempt to understand the nature and manifestations of an infectious disease requires an understanding of the genetics of both pathogen and host. The outcome of a malaria infection, i.e. whether it is asymptomatic, mild, severe or causes cerebral malaria, is due to a complex interaction between the products of parasite and host genes. In general terms, genes in the parasite determine its ability to infect the host, its virulence, etc., while host genes will determine resistance or susceptibility to infection. More than this, however, genetics is about the spread of genes in populations, how they mutate and recombine to produce novel genotypes, and how the parasite and its hosts co-evolve with changing environments. This is a complex subject, and we present some discussion of a few aspects of its analysis.
23. Reading the Imperial Revolution: Martial, Epigrams 10

The art of good reading requires the Roman reader to understand a text on more than one level. Flavian Latin texts presume complex rules for reading and require textually perceptive readers. Martial's text needs to be read as an integral part of Flavian Rome. The chapter addresses Martial's relationship to the political climate in the years 96-98 CE to see what can be deduced about the poet's reaction to the political upheaval of the time. In order to understand better the treatment of Trajan and Trajanic Rome in Epigrams 10 , it is necessary to examine Martial's preceding treatment of emperor and city. The silence about Trajan, the topographical dislocation and Martial's estrangement from political discourse contrast and coincide with Martial's poetic security. The price of that security as of the imperial revolution is the removal of Flavian Rome's most incisive commentator and its greatest wit.  Epigrams 10 ; Flavian Latin texts; imperial revolution; Martial's poetic security; Roman reader
41.—The Impact of Artificial Radioactivity on the Oceans and on Oceanography.

The major impact of artificial radioactive material on the oceans has been as a potential pollutant, and, in particular, concern has centred on the public health problems that might arise through human exploitation of marine environments. This public health problem has been an important stimulus to marine pollution methodology. The development and deployment of critical path analysis techniques to the control of this material and to the assessment of its significance for human radiation exposure (Preston 1969; Foster, Ophel and Preston 1971; Slansky 1971) not only exemplifies the control of a chemical pollutant but has served as a stimulus to produce much of the basic physical, chemical and biological data required for its proper implementation. In more recent years the advantages which labelled environments confer for studies of a much wider physical, chemical or biological nature are being increasingly recognised (; Volchok et al. 1971; Lowman, Rice and Richards 1971; Duursma, 1972; Preston, Jefferies and Pentreath 1972,) and many of the tools of nuclear technology, radio-isotopes, reactor propulsion systems, isotope power sources, neutron activation analysis techniques, etc., will enjoy an increasingly important role in oceanography, not only in basic investigations but also in the rational exploitation of marine resources.
Reexamination of KKbar Threshold Phenomena with K+K- Atom Included

We develop a general framework to study KKbar threshold phenomena with resonances f0, a0 and K+K- atom included. Based on this formalism we predict that the production of the K+K- atom in p+d=3He+X and similar reactions exhi- bits a drastic energy dependence due to the interplay with resonances f0 (980) and a0 (980). We point out that a set of few parameters describes KKbar threshold effects, f0 and a0 mesons, and K+K- atom. Our hope is that precision experimental study aimed at determining these parameters may shed more light on the nature of f0 and a0 resonances.
Generalized normal forms and polynomial system solving

This paper describes a new method for computing the normal form of a polynomial modulo a zero-dimensional ideal I. We give a detailed description of the algorithm, a proof of its correctness, and finally experimentations on classical benchmark polynomial systems. The method that we propose can be thought as an extension of both the Gröbner basis method and the Macaulay construction. We have weaken the monomial ordering requirement for bases computations, which allows us to construct new type of representations for the quotient algebra. This approach yields more freedom in the linear algebra steps involved, which allows us to take into account numerical criteria while performing the symbolic steps. This is a new feature for a symbolic algorithm, which has a huge impact on the practical efficiency.
Ore-controlling mechanism of down-faulted red basins over carbonaceous-siliceous-pelitic rock type uranium deposits at the southeastern margin of Yangtze continental block

One of the important ore-concentrated areas of carbonaceous-siliceous-pelitic rock type uranium deposits is the southeast continental margin of Yangtze plate. Sedimentary-exogenous transformation type and sedimentary-hydrothermal superimposed transformation type uranium deposits are always distributed at or near the edge of down-faulted red basins. By analyzing the relation of deposit distributions to down-faulted red basins, the connective effect and ore-controlling mechanism of carbonaceous-siliceous-pelitic rock type uranium deposits are proposed with marginal fractures of red basins in the paper.
The Sandudden tungsten deposit

Bergslagen in central Sweden comprises the most important known tungsten province in Scandinavia. The Sandudden deposit is situated 8 km west of Grangesberg in the county of Kopparberg. Scheelite occurs in several skarn-limestone layers close to an intrusion of late Svecokarelian granite. An epigenetic model is suggested for the formation of the tungsten-rich skarn. The ore forming solutions probably emanated from a granitic magma beneath the supracrustal rocks.
Atom Transport Under Varying Pressure

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Positivism, Quantification and the Phenomena of Psychology:

While in general agreement with Michell's (2003) observations, arguments and positions, I believe two considerations might help to contextualize his piece further. First, it is important to note just how widespread have been psychologists' misunderstandings of positions and arguments in the philosophy of science, and what this says about the disciplinary isolation of psychology. Secondly, despite some common misunderstandings amongst qualitative researchers in psychology, there are good reasons for psychologists to resist both the quantitative imperative and the positivists' overly narrow construal of philosophy of science. These reasons relate to important, non-quantifiable characteristics of many psychological phenomena. Nonetheless, Michell's article is a timely reminder to guard against the excesses and limitations that attend any version of `methodolatry', quantitative or qualitative.
Parental Perceptions of Pediatric Pain and POTS-Related Disability.

Adolescents with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) often have pain and functional impairment. This study evaluated how parental attributions of children's symptoms relate to child functional impairment. Adolescents with chronic pain and clinical symptoms suggestive of autonomic dysfunction (fatigue, dizziness, nausea) that attended a multidisciplinary chronic pain clinic completed measures of depression, anxiety, and functioning (n = 141). Parents of 114 of these patients completed the Parent Pain Attribution Questionnaire (PPAQ), a measure indicating the extent they believe physical and psychosocial factors account for their child's health condition. Patients were retrospectively grouped as to whether or not they had significant POTS on tilt table testing (n = 37). Greater parental attribution to physical causes was associated with increased levels of functional disability whether patients had POTS ( r = 0.45, P = .006) or not ( r = 0.25, P = .03). These results suggest that providers should advocate a more comprehensive family-oriented rehabilitative approach to treatment.
Petrology of the Permian Yellow Sands of northeastern England and their North Sea Basin equivalents

The Permian Yellow Sands of northeastern England and the Permian Weissliegendes of the English North Sea Basin are petrologically defined as multicycle, moderately sorted, subrounded graywackes, subgraywackes and subarkoses with post-depositionally etched and overgrown grains. These sandstones were derived by the marine reworking of the Permian Rotliegendes and transported from the east to the southwest. Petrologic data show that these Upper Permian sandstones were deposited in a shallow marine environment and that the commonly held aeolian dune interpretation for them should be rejected. Their formation during the transgression of the Zechstein Sea places them within the Zechstein sequence and therefore they are Thuringian in age rather than Saxonian.
Capital gains taxes on housing

Recent years have seen large swings in house prices in many countries. Motivated by housing price variations, proposals for taxing capital gains (nominal or real) on housing have repeatedly been put forth. The idea seems to be that such taxes would curb the redistribution occurring between those owning houses and those trying to get into the market for owner-occupied housing. Our paper shows that at least in simple settings, a tax on real capital gains on housing will only lead to even bigger price swings and will not be able to redistribute between people appearing on either side of the housing market.