nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Strategies of a foreign bank in an emerging market-A case study of Park Bank in Turkey

This paper attempts to explore the strategies of a foreign bank in an emerging marketnamely Park Bank in Turkey. Reviewing the existing literature on foreign entry to emerging markets, this paper focuses on the three main questions that researchers have attempted to address: Why Park Bank entered the Turkish market, what strategies were employed and how these strategies affect the level of competition and efficiency of the Turkish banking sector. The case study, generated by documentary analysis, in-depth and semi-structured interviews with both Park Bank officials and those of the Banks Association of Turkey, evaluates the manner in which a foreign bank acts in an emerging market with high volatility by segmenting the market through revising its lines of business. The case reflects a good example of an incremental strategy formation by a foreign bank that has already established a presence in the local market and it also reveals that such strategic evolution has implications on the domestic banking sector. The strategy of business expansion towards new market segments through organic growth affects the level of competition and efficiency in the Turkish banking industry as local banks are forced to re-evaluate their own strategies.
Strategi Komunikasi Membangun Kemandirian Pangan

Communication strategy in developing food independency Role of agricultural development communication is important to build food self-suffiency and diversification as the main base of food independency and food security. Food independency will be accomplished if its development comes from people initiative as an awareness to build modern farm industry with effective and efficient communication strategy support. Adoption of innovation technology by means of communication will boost productivity and product quality, decrease loss of production, increase value added of production with farmer empowerment and participation approach, and strengthen farmers' institutions and competitiveness. To empower the farmers, development of single commodity agribusiness cooperation such as rice or maize will facilitate transformation of information on technology and farm management from variety of sources for the farmers. Government policy to develop centers of agricultural information at production centers as agribusiness development area is required to build food independency and food diversification based on local production with effective communication system support. Communication information system based on cooperation and social capital with stakeholders partnership approaches (government, businessmen, university, research and development institutions, social institutions, etc) will accelerate accomplishment of food independency in suburb areas.
Economic Impact of the Adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: A Theoretical Framework

According to Deloitte Consulting, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are packaged business application software suites that allow an organization to automate and integrate the majority of its business processes, share common data and practices across the entire enterprise, and produce and access information in a real-time environment. The scope of an ERP solution includes financials, human resources, operations logistics, sales and marketing modules (Ragowsky & Somers 2002).
Evolution of perturbations in a domain wall cosmology

A fluid of domain walls has an effective equation of state $p_w = - {2/3}\rho_w$. This equation of state is qualitativelly in agreement with the supernova type Ia observations. We exploit a cosmological model where the matter content is given by a dust fluid and a domain wall fluid. The process of formation of galaxies is essentially preserved. On the other hand, the behaviour of the density contrast in the ordinary fluid is highly altered when domain walls begin to dominate the matter content of the Universe. This domain wall phase occurs at relative recent era, and its possible consequences are discussed, specially concerning the Sachs-Wolfe effect.
Some topics pertaining to algebras of linear operators

Here we consider finite-dimensional vector spaces and linear operators on them. Some of the basic ingredients will be motivated by ∗-algebras of linear transformations on inner product spaces, as in [Arv, Dou]. In particular, let us note that in the theory of C and Von Neumann algebras, the “double commutant” of a ∗-algebra is a kind of basic closure of the algebra. A special case concerns algebras of operators generated by representations of finite groups [Bur, Cur2, Ser2]. The use of characters is included in each of these three books, and is generally avoided in the present article. Part of the point of view about the p-adic absolute value and p-adic numbers that we follow here is that they can be interesting in connection with theory of computation and related settings just because of their nice properties and simplicity, aside from more traditional number-theoretic uses, even if those are also very interesting.
Karoo wabi sabi - die omtowering van 'n doodgewone landskap

Hierdie essay ondersoek 'n aspek van Suid-Afrika se dorre Karoo wat klaarblyklik nog nie juis baie aandag ontvang het in die literatuur nie. Dit is die relatiewe oorvloed van weggegooide of vanselfsprekende artefakte en strukture wat 'n essensiele deel van die Karoo se mise-en-scene, of besondere omgewing, uitmaak, maar wat, vir die ongeergde oog, net deel van 'n weggooibare verlede is. Ten einde die sogenaamde weggooigoed tot hulle regmatige plek in die sosiale beeldskap van die Karoo te herstel, word die Japannese estetika van wabi sabi opgeroep en gebruik as 'n lens waardeur hierdie onopsigtelike kenmerke van die ingeleefde landskap vanuit verborgenheid herwin kan word en in 'n meer waarderende lig blootgestel kan word. Alhoewel wabi sabi geen openlik instrumentele waarde het nie, suggereer hierdie essay dat 'n omgewing wat gevul is van wabi sabi, bydraend is tot oorpeinsing en dat die waarde van wabi sabi mag le in die kreatiewe emosionele reaksie wat dit ontlok by diegene wat sensitief is vir die aangrypende skoonheid daarvan. Die essay sluit af met die gevolgtrekking dat Karoo wabi sabi inherent deel is van die egtheid wat so 'n aantreklike kenmerk van die Karoo se besondere stemmingsvolle atmosferiese omgewing is. Alhoewel die kunsmatige bewaring daarvan nie 'n inherente deel van wabi sabi is nie, vereis dit nogtans die respekvolle sorg wat die hele skepping toekom, op grond van die transendentale waardes wat dit bevat.
Karoo wabi sabi : the transfiguration of the commonplace
Much has been made in recent years of those qualities which seem to convey the essence of South Africa's arid Karoo - its silence, its space, its solitude, its tranquillity. And yet, apposite though these attributes are, they do not exhaust the whole that is the "Karoo experience". In a sense they are suggestive of unrealised potentials - forms devoid of content. This essay seeks to supplement our comprehension of the Karoo gestalt by giving content to the emptiness implied by space, silence and solitude. It does so by introducing the Japanese aesthetic of wabi sabi and by arguing for its immanence in the Karoo such as it is presently being constituted in the social imagery.
A feature of the Karoo which appears to have gone largely unremarked on in the literature is its relative abundance of discarded or taken-for-granted artefacts and structures. These relics of the past, scattered throughout the landscape, make up an essential aspect of the Karoo mise-en-scene, but to the indifferent eye they tend to be dismissed as the worthless detritus of the past. Wabi sabi is here invoked as providing a lens through which these unobtrusive features of the lived-in landscape can be retrieved from obscurity and cast in a more appreciative light. The intention is to fix the concept of wabi sabi within the Karoo imaginary and to lend substance and colour to an important component of the Karoo's patina, or texture, which has remained largely subliminal to date.
John Dee as a Cultural Hero

John Dee, ‘Queen Elizabeth's conjuror’, as a recent biography has called him, has attracted considerable attention during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries among intellectual historians of the English Renaissance, including historians of science. During the last two decades especially, there has been a steady flow of  Dee has also featured in a growing body of literary and popular fiction, films, plays, multimedia performances, graphic novels, and operas. The present article reviews a range of this material and demonstrates that, particularly since the 1960s, the figure of Dee has performed a number of different cultural functions, sometimes appearing more as vulnerable human being than magus, but appealing particularly to those artists who, like Derek Jarman, see him as epitomising a dream of transformative and visionary power with close analogies to the way the creative imagination itself works.
Incidence and determinants of medication errors and adverse drug events among hospitalized children in West Ethiopia

BackgroundMedication errors cause a large number of adverse drug events with negative patient health outcomes and are a major public-health burden contributing to 18.7–56 % of all adverse drug events among hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and determinants of medication errors and adverse drug events among hospitalized children.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted among hospitalized children in the pediatrics ward of Nekemte Referral Hospital from February 24 to March 28, 2014. Data were collected by using checklist guided observation and review of medication order sheets, medication administration records, and other medical charts of the patients. To identify the independent predictors of medication errors and adverse drug events, backward logistic regression analysis was used. Statistical significance was considered at p-value <0.05.ResultsOut of 233 patients who were included in the study, 175 (75.1 %) of patients were exposed to medication errors. From the 1,115 medication orders reviewed, 513 (46.0 %) medication errors, 75 (6.7 %) potential adverse drug events and 17 (1.5 %) actual adverse drug events were identified. Of the 17 adverse drug events, eight (47.0 %) were preventable while nine (53.0 %) were not. Most medication errors were dosing errors (118; 23.0 %), followed by wrong drug (109; 21.2 %) and wrong time of administration (79; 15.4 %). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, length of hospital stay of ≥ 5 days (AOR = 4.2, 95 % CI = 1.7-10.4, p = 0.002), and number of medication of 4–6 (AOR = 4.9, 95 % CI = 2.3-10.3, p < 0.001) and number of medication of ≥7 (AOR = 10.4, 95 % CI = 3.0-35.9, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of medication errors; and length of hospital stay of ≥ 5 days (AOR = 3.5, 95 % CI = 1.2-10.1, p = 0.023) and number of disease conditions =2 (AOR = 4.6, 95 % CI = 1.4-15.1, p = 0.014) were independent predictors of adverse drug events.ConclusionMedication errors and adverse drug events are common on the pediatrics ward of Nekemte Referral Hospital. In particular, children with multiple medications and longer hospital stays, and those with co-morbidities and longer hospital stays, were at greater risk for medication errors and adverse drug events, respectively.
Applying Model Fragment Copy-Restore to Build an Open and Distributed MDA Environment

ModelBus is a middleware system that offers the interoperability between CASE tools for supporting software development according to MDA. This interoperability allows tools to share services and models, by using an RPC mechanism. ModelBus adopts the call-by-copy-restore semantic, as it is very close to local call semantic and is flexible as regards tools' heterogeneous model representations. In this work, we extend this semantic to enable only specific model fragments to be passed as parameters, instead of complete models. The advantages are 1) improving the performance because passing only model fragments requires less data processing and 2) enhancing access control to models because the service's modification can be restricted to the specific model fragment that is specified as parameters. The implementation of this work is available as the Eclipse project Model Driven Development integration (MDDi).
Cenozoic noncoaxial transtension along the western shoulder of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, and the emplacement of McMurdo dyke arrays

Field data on Cenozoic faults and the McMurdo dyke arrays in the Reeves Glacier–Mawson Glacier area, Victoria Land, Antarctica, allow us to support noncoaxial transtensional tectonics along the N–S-trending western shoulder of the Ross Sea. Dyke injection within a crustal-scale right-lateral strike-slip shear zone is testified by magma filled, tension gash-like arrangements within some master fault zones, and by the left-stepping arrangements of dykes in the intrafault zones. The noncoaxiality of deformation is shown by the re-activation of many dyke walls as right-lateral strike-slip faults. This suggests an increase in the strike-slip component over time along the western shoulder of the Ross Sea. Our data support the relevance of transtensional to strike-slip tectonics for triggering melting and controlling the geometry and modes of magma emplacement.
The Near East: Archaeology in the 'cradle of Civilization'

List of figures. Maps. Plates and Tables. Acknowledgements. 1.  An Artefactual Basis for the Past 3. Digging Before Excavation 4. Practical Pioneers and Theoretical Problems 5. Harbingers in the Levant 6. The Land that Two Rivers Made 7. The Ubadaidian Inheritance 8. The Household as Enterprise 9. What we're Getting to Know and What we Need to Do. Notes. Bibliography. Index.
Horizontal gravity gradient: An aid to the definition of crustal structure in North America

A map of the magnitude of the horizontal Bouguer gravity gradient over the North American continent is used to delineate lateral discontinuities in upper crustal density and/or thickness associated with such processes as suturing and rifting. The usefulness of gradient trends in mapping major structural boundaries, which are sometimes poorly exposed or completely buried, is demonstrated by examples such as the buried southward extension of the Grenville Front and buried boundaries of the Superior Province. Gradient trends also draw attention to poorly known structures, which may have major tectonic significance, and to a continent-wide structural fabric, which may provide a record of the tectonic growth of the North American continent.
Newman-Penrose constants of stationary electrovacuum space-times

A theorem related to the Newman-Penrose constants is proven. The theorem states that all the Newman-Penrose constants of asymptotically flat, stationary, asymptotically algebraically special electrovacuum space-times are zero. Straightforward application of this theorem shows that all the Newman-Penrose constants of the Kerr-Newman space-time must vanish.
{PT}-Symmetric Quantum Electrodynamics---{PT}QED

The construction of PT -symmetric quantum electrodynamics is reviewed. In particular, the massless version of the theory in 1 + 1 dimensions (the Schwinger model) is solved. Difficulties with unitarity of the S-matrix are discussed. 1. PT QED Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is by far the most successful physical theory ever devised [1]. However, although its reach includes all of atomic physics, there are a myriad of phenomena that we do not understand. Thus it is essential to explore alternative theories, in the hope that we may be able to describe aspects of the world that are as yet not under our understanding. One very promising new approach to quantum theories are those included under the rubric of non-Hermitian theories, in particular theories in which invariance under the combined operation of space and time reflection PT replaces mathematical Dirac Hermiticity in order to guarantee unitarity of the theory. (For a recent review, see .) Little work, however, has been done on applying this idea to quantum field theory. This paper represents our continuing effort to develop a PT -symmetric version of quantum electrodynamics, in the hope that a consistent theory, with a unitary S-matrix, results that may eventually find physical applications in nature. 1.1. Transformation properties At the first International Workshop on Pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics [3] a PT -symmetric version of quantum electrodynamics was proposed. A non-Hermitian but PT -symmetric electrodynamics is based on the assumption of novel transformation properties of the electromagnetic fields under parity P transformations, that is, P : E → E, B → −B, A → A, A → −A, (1) PT -Symmetric Quantum Electrodynamics—PT QED 2 just the statement that the four-vector potential is assumed to transform as an axial vector. Under time reversal T , the transformations are assumed to be conventional, T : E → E, B → −B, A → −A, A → A. (2) Fermion fields are also assumed to transform conventionally. We use the metric g = diag(−1, 1, 1, 1). 1.2. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian The Lagrangian of the theory then possesses an imaginary coupling constant in order that it be invariant under the product of these two symmetries: L = − 4 F Fμν − 1 2 ψγγ 1 i ∂μψ − m 2 ψγψ + i 2 ψγγeqψAμ. (3) Here, because we are discarding Hermiticity as a physical requirement, it is most appropriate to use a “real” field formulation, where correspondingly the (antisymmetric, imaginary) charge matrix q = σ2 appears. Furthermore, γ γ is symmetric and γ is antisymmetric. In the radiation (Coulomb) gauge ∇ · A = 0, the dynamical variables are A and ψ, and the canonical momenta are πA = −ET , πψ = i 2ψ, where T denotes the transverse part, and so the relation between the Hamiltonian and Lagrangian densities are H = E + E · ∇A + i 2 ψψ̇ − L. (4) Then, if integrate by parts and use ∇ · E = ij, we find that the corresponding Hamiltonian is H = ∫ (dr) { 1 2 (E + B) + 1 2 ψ [ γγ ( 1 i ∇k − ieqAk )
Emotions and Socialization in Light of the Information Theory of the Emotions

The improvement of man, of his ideological and political, occupational, and moral qualities, is a most important condition for success in the building of communism. The socialization of the new man as a creatively active, spiritually rich, and harmoniously developed personality is a goal in our Party's program. It is becoming increasingly obvious that the process of socialization means much more than familiarizing a person with the ideological principles and norms of behavior of a citizen of developed socialist society. Socrates long ago was astounded by the illogic of the man who knew what was good but did what was bad.
Efficient Computer-User Interface in Electronic Mail Systems

This paper explores the question of improving the user-computer interface. The approach is one of observing and codifying various parameters that influence the efficiency of the interface in the context of electronic mail tasks. First, we observe “expert” and “regular” users of a mail system and identify the sources of efficiency. The data indicates that experts use a different, more specialized set of commands in performing standard mail tasks. While experts perform these tasks with fewer errors and more “completely”, it is not clear that they achieve this any faster than regular users. Recommendations for system design are made. In addition, errors made by subjects are codified. The major proportion of errors observed fall under syntactic and typographical categories. Implications for error recovery and prevention are discussed.
Utopia, Counter-utopia

This article addresses the question of utopia through some reflections on the work of the Russian writer Andrei Platonov (1899-1951). Platonov's work represents an inspirational series of investigations into the circumstances of utopia: not so much utopia as fantasy, nor utopia as actualized in failure, nor even dystopia, but what is here termed `actually existing utopia'. As such his work captures aspects of utopianism that may have been largely opaque to the investigations of either literary versions of the utopian imagination or utopian versions of social science. Platonov shows us an `anthropological' dimension inherent within the utopian impulse: that we are, so to speak, `utopological' beings. And to this dimension of ourselves he applies a critical style that is not straightforwardly anti-utopian or dystopian but what is called here `counter-utopian'.
Investigating the nature of noble gas-copper bonds by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules.

We investigated noble gas-copper bonds in linear complexes represented by the NgCuX general formula in which Ng and X stand for a noble gas (neon, argon, krypton, or xenon) and a halogen (fluorine, chlorine or bromine), respectively, by coupled cluster methods and modified cc-pVQZ basis sets. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) shows a linear relation between the dissociation energy of noble gas-copper bonds and the amount of electronic charge transferred mainly from the noble gas to copper during complexation. Large changes in the QTAIM quadrupole moments of copper and noble gases resulting from this bonding and a comparison between NgCuX and NgNaCl systems indicate that these noble gas-copper bonds should be better interpreted as predominantly covalent. Finally, QTAIM atomic dipoles of noble gases in NgNaCl systems agree satisfactorily with atomic dipoles given by a simple model for these NgNa van der Waals bonds.
On Relating Type Theories and Set Theories

The original motivation1 for the work described in this paper was to determine the proof theoretic strength of the type theories implemented in the proof development systems Lego and Coq, [12],[4]. These type theories combine the impredicative type of propositions2, from the calculus of constructions, , with the inductive types and hierarchy of type universes of Martin-Lof’s constructive type theory, . Intuitively there is an easy way to determine an upper bound on the proof theoretic strength. This is to use the ‘obvious’ types-as-sets interpretation of these type theories in a strong enough classical axiomatic set theory. The elementary forms of type of Martin-Lof’s type theory have their familiar set theoretic interpretation, the impredicative type of propositions can be interpreted as a two element set and the hierarchy of type universes can be interpreted using a corresponding hierarchy of strongly inaccessible cardinal numbers. The assumption of the existence of these cardinal numbers goes beyond the proof theoretic strength of ZFC. But Martin-Lof’s type theory, even with its W types and its hierarchy of universes, is not fully impredicative and has proof theoretic strength way below that of second order arithmetic. So it is not clear that the strongly inaccessible cardinals used in our upper bound are really needed. Of course the impredicative type of propositions does give a fully impredicative type theory, which certainly pushes up the proof theoretic strength to a set theory3, Z−, whose strength is well above that of second order arithmetic. The hierarchy of type universes will clearly lead to some further strengthening. But is it necessary to go beyond ZFC to get an upper bound?