nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategic Supply Chain——A New Focus on Competition Among Enterprises

The strategic supply chain, a quasi-market structure,places weight on "competition-based integration", distinguishing itself distinctly from the conventional supply chain of market transaction type and integrated supply chain of internal transaction type. In this strueture the strategic synergy was pursuied among the enterprises and the vertical integration of core competitiveness concentrated, being characteristically coordinative, quick-responding and divergent in business orientation. Chinese enterprises would bring full play to their advantages, adopt the concept of the competition-based integration, step up the system innovation and establish strategic supply chain,to pursuit long and durable the competition.
The Mlabri: Spirits of the Yellow Leaves

This photo essay introduces an ethnic group, the Mlabri in Thailand. The Mlabri had traditionally lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers in fthe rainforest that spread out in mountainous regions in northern area of Thailand. Due to their traditional lifestyle, they have been called "phi tong lueang" (spirits of the yellow leaves) in Thai and Laotian. Nowadays they have extremely small population, about 400 individuals, and live sedentary life in permanent settlements that are scattered in two provinces of Thailand Phrae and Nan and in a small village in Laos,, as result of a development programs by a foreign missionary, the government and the royal family. Today they engage in wage working, cash crop cultivation and ethnic tourism that introduced as alternative ways for economic self-sufficiency.
Lessons from failures to achieve what was possible in the twentieth century physics

For several decades there has been no breakthrough in fundamental physics as revolutionary as relativity and quantum physics despite the amazing advancement of applied physics and technology. By discussing several examples of what physics could have achieved by now, but failed, I will argue that the present state of fundamental physics is not caused by the lack of talented physicists, but rather by problematic general views on how one should do physics. Although it appears to be widely believed that such general views cannot affect the advancement of physics I would like to draw the attention of the younger generation of physicists to three reasons that might have been responsible for failures in the past and might cause problems in the future: (i) misconceptions on the nature of physical theories, (ii) underestimation of the role of conceptual analyses so successfully employed by Galileo and Einstein, and (iii) overestimation of the predictive power of mathematics in physics.
ICT in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications

ion and Verification of Properties of a Real-Time Java . . . . . . . . 1 Nadezhda Baklanova and Martin Strecker ICT Frameworks, Infrastructures, Integration, and Deployment  19 Mizal Alobaidi, Andriy Batyiv, and Grygoriy ZholtkevychQuantum Automata as Formal Models of Quantum Information Processing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Mizal Alobaidi, Andriy Batyiv, and Grygoriy Zholtkevych Parallelizing Legacy Fortran Programs Using Rewriting Rules Technique and Algebraic Program Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Anatoliy Doroshenko and Kostiantyn Zhereb University as a Corporation Which Serves Educational Interests . . . . . . . 60 Alexander Spivakovsky, Lyudmila Alferova, and Eugene Alferov Formal Logic and Knowledge-Based Frameworks A Multi-channel Communication Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Michal Nagy Satisfiability and Validity Problems in Many-Sorted Composition-Nominative Pure Predicate Logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Mykola S. Nikitchenko and Valentyn G. Tymofieiev A Criterion for Existence of Global-in-Time Trajectories of Non-deterministic Markovian Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Ievgen Ivanov ICT-Based Systems Modeling, Specification, and Verification Combining Verification and MDE Illustrated by a Formal Java Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Selma Djeddai, Mohamed Mezghiche, and Martin Strecker About One Efficient Algorithm for Reachability Checking in Modeling and Its Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Alexander Letichevsky, Olexander Letychevskyi, and Vladimir Peschanenko XIV Table of
Freedom Without Foundations: Kantian Critique and the Socratic Elenchus

What is freedom, and why should it trump other political values? Kant offers one of the most powerful rationales in the western tradition for basing morality and politics squarely on autonomy. It is commonly thought that he means to provide a foundation for autonomy in reason. But Kant's reason is the critical reason of the first Critique. I argue for a Socratic Kant who defends autonomy not because it alone flows from the right foundations, but because it is the only principle that can be defended in critique as requiring no further foundation whatsoever. This leads to a view of freedom as a regulative ideal that exists only in the practice of critique itself and which can never be realized as such. This unorthodox view of freedom, I suggest, cuts across traditional battle-lines and really represents the liberal and enlightenment traditions at their best.
Cultural Diversity in Business: A Critical Reflection on the Ideology of Tolerance

Cultural diversity is an increasingly important phenomenon that affects not only social and political harmony but also the cohesion and efficiency of organisations. The problems that firms have with regard to managing cultural diversity have been abundantly studied in recent decades from the perspectives of management theory and moral philosophy, but there are still open questions that require deeper reflection and broader empirical analysis. Managing cultural diversity in organisations is of prime importance because it involves harmonising different values, beliefs, credos and customs, and, in essence, human identity. Taking into consideration these cultural differences and harmonising them is a human rights issue (UNDP, Cultural liberty in today’s diverse world, 2004) and a central dimension of corporate social responsibility. Here we are going to focus on theoretical reflection about the ideas that lie behind corporate policies and organisational initiatives that deal with cultural diversity. The aim of our paper is twofold: to present a critical reflection on the ideology of tolerance, and propose an ideology of respect for dealing with cultural diversity. We start by presenting the plurality of interpretations of the concept of ideology, and justify its applicability to the field of cultural diversity. We then reflect on the differences between “tolerance” and “respect” and identifying the practical implications for managing cultural diversity. And finally, we propose a culture of respect that goes beyond tolerance and complements and legitimizes the “business case” perspective for managing cultural diversity in companies. The ideology of respect is based on the Kantian tradition and on the discursive approach where rational dialogue and argumentation are considered the legitimate process for creating a culture of intercultural respect. From this theoretical discussion of the key philosophical concepts we can suggest some general principles for managing cultural diversity in organisations.
The future of computational electromagnetics: Science or product

As every year, the EuRAAP Working Group on software is organizing a convened session on numerical techniques / software at EuCAP. This year the goal is to have a more industrially oriented session with the theme: “The future of computational electromagnetics: science or product”. The idea is that 25 years ago, all development was done in research environments. Nowadays, quite some development is done at research and development premises of tool vendors. A lot of questions can be raised concerning this theme. These questions are addressed in this session, both from the perspective of academia and industry.
Data-Intensive Computing Infrastructure Systems for Unmodified Biological Data Analysis Pipelines

Biological data analysis is typically implemented using a deep pipeline that combines a wide array of tools and databases. These pipelines must scale to very large datasets, and consequently require parallel and distributed computing. It is therefore important to choose a hardware platform and underlying data management and processing systems well suited for processing large datasets. There are many infrastructure systems for such data-intensive computing. However, in our experience, most biological data analysis pipelines do not leverage these systems.
Adopting New Medical Technologies in Russian Public Hospitals: What Causes Inefficiency?

The adoption of new medical technologies in Russian public hospitals is an important part of healthcare modernization and thus is a subject for public finance and regulation. Here we examine the decision-making process on adoption of new technologies in Russian hospitals, and the institutional environment in which they are made. We find that public hospitals operate within a strategic-institutional model of decision making and tend to adopt technologies that bring indirect benefits to their heads/physicians. Unlike Western clinics, the interests of Russian hospital heads and physicians are driven by the possibilities to obtain income from a part of hospital activities: the provision of chargeable medical services to the population, as well as receiving informal payments from patients. The specifically Russian feature of the decision-making process is that hospitals are strongly dependent on health authorities’ decisions about new equipment acquisition. The inefficiency problems arise from the contradiction between hospitals’ and authorities’ financial motivation for acquiring new technologies: hospitals tend to adopt technologies that bring benefits to their heads/physicians and minimize maintenance and servicing costs, while authorities’ main concern is initial cost of technology. The main reason for inefficiency of medical technology adoption arises from centralization of procurement of medical equipment for hospitals that creates the preconditions for rent-seeking behaviour of persons making such decisions
Linear Programming Bounds for Codes via a Covering Argument

We recover the first linear programming bound of McEliece, Rodemich, Rumsey, and Welch for binary error-correcting codes and designs via a covering argument. It is possible to show, interpreting the following notions appropriately, that if a code has a large distance, then its dual has a small covering radius and, therefore, is large. This implies the original code to be small.We also point out that this bound is a natural isoperimetric constant of the Hamming cube, related to its Faber–Krahn minima.While our approach belongs to the general framework of Delsarte’s linear programming method, its main technical ingredient is Fourier duality for the Hamming cube. In particular, we do not deal directly with Delsarte’s linear program or orthogonal polynomial theory.
Converging approximations for the calculation of the energy in terms of Planck's constant

In order to calculate the energy when 0127 is small, we expand the right-hand side of the BrillouinWigner equation in terms of a coupling constant 03BB. Both hierarchies in 0127 and 03BB are connected. The Padé approximants of the right-hand side converge. Tome 40 N° 2 15 JANVIER 1979 LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE LETTRES
Welfare Gains from Optimal Pollution Regulation

Successful implementation of pollution regulation often requires redistributing a portion of the benefits back to firms who incur abatement costs. When firms have private information on their costs, they have an incentive to overstate these costs and demand higher compensation. Optimal pollution regulation in this environment sacrifices allocative effi ciency to reduce information rents. I measure the gains from optimal pollution regulation by empirically examining the effect of sulfur dioxide emissions regulation on electric utilities. These electric utilities also face economic regulation, and I exploit this institutional detail. I derive estimates of marginal abatement costs from the cost of jointly producing electricity and emissions, allowing for time-varying unobserved heterogeneity to capture cost effi ciency. Cost effi ciency consists of exogenous (intrinsic type) and endogenous (managerial effort) components which are private information of the firm. To separately identify these components, I model economic regulation as a signaling game of auditing. I show that a particular equilibrium exists where the firm does not exert effort during the “rate case”, but it exerts a positive level of effort afterwards. I provide empirical evidence for the plausibility of this equilibrium using cost and rate case data. This equilibrium generates exclusion restrictions that are used to estimate parameters of the cost function and disutility of effort. I show that the type distribution can be nonparametrically identified using deconvolution methods, and estimate this distribution via a smoothed discrete approximation. Finally, I conduct counterfactual welfare simulations. I find that annual welfare gains from optimal pollution regulation relative to a uniform emission standard range from $32 million to $155 million per electric utility, or about 10% to 47% of combined electricity generation and abatement costs. Implementing the optimal form of regulation is diffi cult, if not impossible, so I examine simpler regulatory regimes. A class of regimes with uniform emission taxes captures 52% to 80% of these gains. ∗Job Market Paper. I would like to thank my advisors Aviv Nevo, David Besanko and Robert Porter for all of their help and guidance. I also thank Mark Chicu, Daniel Diermeier,  Ren, William Rogerson, Kosuke Uetake, Michael Whinston and seminar participants at Northwestern. Data acquired from SNL Financial was partly funded by the TGS Graduate Research Grant and by the Center for the Study of Industrial Organization (CSIO) at Northwestern University. †Department of Economics, Northwestern University.  mabito@u.northwestern.edu.
L'UTOPIE DE L'INTERNATION LITTERAIRE

“Who still speaks today of THE French literature?” 
It’s in these problematic words that Abdelkebir Khatibi, an eminent figure of the French-speaking 
nations – who has just passed away – defined his critical relation with French language and literature 
in his literary work Figures de l’etranger dans la litterature francaise (Paris: Denoel, 1987). A book 
which presents itself, in its political aspect, as a criticism to the literary nationalism and the hope for 
internationalizing literature the founding fathers of which are a new race of writers called by A. Khatibi: 
“l’etranger professionnel”. This concerns taking literature (any literature) out of its ethno-centric frame 
in a way that questions the confrontation of the native with the extra-native, and the centre with 
periphery. 
My presentation consists in a clarification of the subversive principle on which this utopia is based by 
trying to put into evidence the implicit dialogue that A. Khatibi had with the dissident figures of the 
French literature (Jean Genet, Victor Segalen, Roland Barthes…). 
 
 Abdekebir Khatibi, professional foreigner, otherness, internationalizing literature, outside
Surface chemical aspects of polymer/metal adhesion

This paper reports on a three-part study: (1) to determine the effect of surface pretreatment of BDS, a siloxane/polyimide copolymer, on adhesion; (2) to determine the extent of segregation of components of BDS against metal substrates; and (3) to determine the properties of ultrathin polymer films against metal substrates. Surface pretreatment of bds films with aqueous NaOH etched away the top siloxane layer, roughening the polymer surface and producing surface functional groups. These changes resulted in increased wettability and peel strength. Siloxane segregation when bds films were formed against metal surfaces was in the order: Al > Ti > Zn. The relative acidity of the metal oxides as measured by polyvinyl chloride adsorption was in the same order. Reflection-absorption measurements using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy were found to be useful in studying the crystallinity of thin polyphenylene sulphide ( pps ) films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to show that failure occurred through a thin layer of residual pps polymer close to the copper oxide substrate.
BASIC ASPECTS OF DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY

This is a very partial description of differential geometry as elaborated by Elie Cartan and expressed in a suitable language by Charles Ehresmann. As this new language has become classical, I apologize to those who know it better than myself: this text is not written for them. I am entirely responsable for the selection of materials and for the mistakes, if any. The framework is that of smooth1 (finite dimensional) manifolds and maps, whose definition is taken for granted—most of the notions we consider “pass” without any problem to the real analytic and (replacing R by C) complex and/or Banach categories. The kth derivative of a map f is denoted by Dkf as in . Paths are defined on intervals.
Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: physicians' attitudes to anticoagulation in older people.

The increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in older people contributes to an increased risk of stroke. Although clear guidelines exist, there is considerable variation in physicians' approaches to the selection of patients appropriate for warfarin treatment as stroke prevention. We compared attitudes to the anticoagulation of elderly patients with AF, in a postal study of geriatricians and specialist physicians (general physicians with specialist interests in Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nephrology and Neurology). A structured questionnaire was mailed to all 108 consultant physicians and geriatricians in South East Wales. This explored their attitude to their patients' age and comorbidity when considering the benefits and risks of warfarin prophylaxis for AF. About 25/30 geriatricians (83%) and 43/78 specialist physicians (55%) responded; an overall response rate of 63%. About 94% of the respondents agreed that patients aged over 75 with atrial fibrillation were at a greater risk of stroke than younger patients. About 68% considered warfarin related bleeds more likely in this age group, despite which most thought that the benefits of warfarin outweighed the risks. In people aged above 75, only 13/25 (52%) geriatricians and 17/43 (40%) specialist physicians viewed lone AF (AF with no underlying risk factor) as an indication for anticoagulation. When considering the use of warfarin, geriatricians' appeared more likely to be influenced by coexisting problems such as disability, falls, cerebrovascular disease and limited life expectancy. Only a history of falls (96% geriatricians vs. 86% specialist physicians) and cerebrovascular disease (79% geriatricians vs. 51% specialist physicians) had a significant influence on prescribing practice (P<0.05, chi(2) test). There appears to be widespread uncertainty about the indications for warfarin as stroke prophylaxis, and ageist attitudes or a lack of conviction of benefit appear to be disadvantaging older people. Patients aged below 65 with lone AF who are at the lowest risk of embolic events are often considered for treatment, whilst the use of warfarin in 75-year-olds with lone AF who are at a moderately high risk of embolic events remains disappointing.
Cenozoic Sedimentary and Deformational History of Hispaniola, 1: Southeastern Cordillera Central: ABSTRACT

The Cordillera Central approximates an elongate (220 km), elevated (>3 km), thrust-bounded anticline cored by Cretaceous-Paleogene arc rocks and uplifted during Miocene to recent time by convergent strike-slip movements between the North American and Caribbean plates. The southeastern termination of the anticline plunges beneath a thick (>6 km), well-exposed marine clastic sedimentary sequence. Because uplift-related faulting is minimal in this hinge region of the Cordillera Central anticline, the authors have carried out detailed mapping of the area to determine (1) relation of Cretaceous-Paleogene arc basement to overlying Cenozoic sedimentary cover, and (2) Cenozoic deformational history of arc and basin sequences. Mapping has clearly distinguished three superimposed Cenozoic basins lying on arc basement. The lowest basin (basin 1) is Paleocene-Eocene in age and consists of alternations of arc-derived turbidies with interbedded pelagic limestone and red mudstone. In apparent conformity above this basin is an approximately 4-km thick marine clastic sequence of medial Eocene through early Miocene age (basin 2). These sediments consist of fining-upward turbiditic sequence derived from the northwest and northeast. Arc basement and overlying basins 1 and 2 were shortened approximately 25% in a short-lived, northwest-southeast-directed compressional event that resulted in the formation of large open synclines and tightlymore » folded and faulted anticlines with fold amplitudes of 1-6 km. Underformed, medial Miocene sediments of a mixed clastic and carbonate shelf facies (basin 3) unconformably overlie the folded latest Oligocene-early Miocene rocks of basin 2 and thus constrain the age of folding as early to middle Miocene.« less
SUSY, inflation and the origin of matter in the universe*

We consider the standard models of particle physics and hot big bang cosmology, and review the theoretical and experimental motivations for extending these models to include supersymmetry and inflation. An obvious extension would be to unite these two models into a single all-encompassing theory. We identify a list of theoretical challenges that such a theory must address, which we illustrate with a simple model—a variant of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model—that addresses these challenges. (From the workshop 'Phenomonology Beyond the Standard Model', 6–11 May 2001)
Non Cohen Oracle c.c.c

The oracle c.c.c. is closely related to Cohen forcing. During an iteration we can ``omit a type''; i.e. preserve ``the intersection of a given family of Borel sets of reals is empty'' provided that Cohen forcing satisfies it. We generalize this to other cases. We replace Cohen by ``nicely'' definable c.c.c., do the parallel of the oracle c.c.c. and end with a criterion for extracting a subforcing (not a complete subforcing) of a given nicely one and satisfying the oracle.