nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Discussion on Forming Mechanism and Evolution of the Central Guizhou Palaeouplift

Mesoproterozoic folded basement was unexposed in central Guizhou province.The thickness and facies of the regional Neoproterozoic sedimentary cover and stratigraphic contact relationship reveal that the Central Guizhou palaeouplift was on the high position of the folded basement before Nanhuaian.South and north margins were still receiving deposits within relative low position of the basement.Neoproterozoic rifting history and geophysical proof also indicate that the basement might have some differences between the palaeouplift area and the marginal area.Thus,we could speculate that there has Mesoproterozoic folded basement under the sedimentary cover in correspondence with Sibao Group.Central Guizhou palaeouplift was lying on the high position of the folded basement.Compressive stress of south-north direction of the folded basement determines the palaeouplift's distribution in the east-west direction after uplifted above the seawater level.During the period of Sinian and Cambrian,the folded basement of the palaeouplift was under the sedimentary strata.The strata in this area are continuous deposits with a relatively stable structure.Honghuayuan Formation's offlap and Meitan Formation's overlap shows that the folded basement and sedimentary strata above were uplifted and became a palaeouplift at the beginning of Ordovician.Periphery area,however,was still receiving deposits.The palaeouplift's obvious uplift by the influence of Duyun Movement between the Ordovician and Silurian had made the periphery area exposure,resulting in karst and offlap-overlap of the strata.Within the process of uplift,the sedimentary system of the south and north margins was separated with certain degrees.In Mid-Late Silurian,the last episode of Caledonian Movement occurred strongly.During this movement period,seawater regressed from the Middle and Upper Yangtze block,and the Central Guizhou Palaeouplift became one part of the land.Duyun Movement had great impact on this palaeouplift,but the effect of basement forms and structural trend was its forming mechanism.
The evolving context of Brazil's environmental policies

O contexto das políticas ambientais brasileiras mudou de várias maneiras ao longo das últimas duas décadas, com alguns aspectos positivos para o meio ambiente e outros não. Mudanças positivas incluem a criação de um Ministério do Meio Ambiente e de um sistema de licenciamento ambiental, o aumento da organização da sociedade civil, a criação de reservas e demarcação de áreas indígena e o advento das convenções internacionais sobre o clima e a biodiversidade. No entanto, os projetos de desenvolvimento na Amazônia brasileira têm contornado as restrições ambientais de várias maneiras, e as modifi cações do passado e do presente no sistema estão enfraquecendo a proteção ambiental. A hostilidade atual do clima político no Brasil em questões ambientais faz com que os esforços para fortalecer as políticas ambientais sejam ainda mais dependentes de uma cuidadosa seleção de estratégias. Em Face da instabilidade, a melhor estratégia é estar preparado para as oportunidades de conservação, incluíndo o uso da ciência e tecnologia em áreas relevantes. Compreender a natureza complexa da burocracia brasileira é essencial neste processo. O valor dos serviços ambientais prestados pela manutenção da fl oresta amazônica poderia ser um elementochave para determinar o futuro da política ambiental e da fl oresta.
Design and implementation of three-dimensional logic structures

In this thesis, a computer-aided-design (CAD) system is developed that assists in the design of novel three-dimensional integrated circuits. The software tools allow for the specification of a multilayer transistor circuit by means that are readily accessible to those familiar with two-dimensional CMOS VLSI design. This software system provides desirable features such as SPICE circuit extraction and the ability to produce the design formats necessary for automated fabrication (e.g. mask specifications for lithography or Gerber data for inkjet printing). Finally, in this thesis, the software tools are used to design a ring oscillator, a 3-D static RAM, and a 3-D cellular automata machine. Thesis Supervisor: Joseph Jacobson Title: Associate Professor, Media Arts and Sciences
On the Political in the Wake: Carl Schmitt and James Joyce's Political Theologies

Carl Schmitt and James Joyce, contemporaries, responding to the crisis of European civilization of the interwar years, are brought into conversation with one another through the mediation of Nietzsche’s The Birth of Tragedy , Schmitt as representative and advocate of Apollonian logocentrism and Joyce of Dionysian muthos . Parallels as well as differences in these authors’ works are examined to illuminate the figure of the dictator and the theme of political theology, and to reveal the deep affinity between Schmitt and totalitarianism on the one hand and Joyce and radical and plural democracy on the other.
MENTAL FUNCTIONING AND PREMARIN THERAPY IN CARDIOVASCULAR AND CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE.

SummaryTested a second time was the hypothesis that mental impairment decreases in patients with cardio- or cerebrovascular disease treated with Premarin. Forty-five men with myocardial infarction and 32 with cerebral thrombosis were studied by means of the Rorschach test, which was first administered at the time either Premarin or placebo treatment was begun, and was repeated after 6 to 16 months. Each patient received a score denoting amount of increase or decrease in impairment following treatment. There was considerable overlap in scores between Premarin and placebo groups, and gains were relatively small for individual patients. The results paralleled findings from the earlier study in showing improved mental functioning in Premarin-treated patients with cerebral thrombosis compared with placebo-treated controls, but they were at variance with the previous findings regarding similar improvement in cardiac patients. Analysis of the results with the 153 male patients from the 2 studies combined showed ...
Inclusive Spectra and Quantum Stochastic Processes

We try to explain the apparently "thermal" shape of the inclusive transverse momentum spectrum. We conjecture that prior to the collision, parton-parton interactions generate a kind of a stochastic process driving the one-particle spectrum within a hadron towards the thermal shape it would have in a classical gas. We illustrate this idea, which might have a more general relevance, with a simple, exactly solvable model.
Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine

Significant inequalities in health between and within countries have been measured over the past decades. Although these inequalities, as well as attempts to improve sub-standard health, raise profound issues of social justice and the right to health, those working in the field of bioethics have historically tended to devote greater attention to ethical issues raised by new, cutting-edge biotechnologies such as life-support cessation, genomics, stem cell research or face transplantation. This suggests that bioethics research and scholarship may revolve around issues that, while fascinating and important, currently affect only a small minority of the world's population. In this article, we examine the accusation that bioethics is largely dominated by Anglophone and industrialized world interests, and explore what kinds of positive contributions a 'bioethics from below' (as Paul Farmer calls it) can make to the field of bioethics in general. As our guide in this exploration, we make use of some experiences and lessons learned in our collaborative bioethics project in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Building Bioethics Capacity and Justice in Health. We conclude that while there is some evidence of increased attention to bioethical challenges in developing countries, this development should be further cultivated, because it could help expand the horizons of the field and enhance its social relevance wherever it is practiced.
Antiquarianism and Intellectual Life in Europe and China, 1500-1800

This book is a project in comparative history, but along two distinct axes, one historical and the other historiographical. Its purpose is to constructively juxtapose the early modern European and Chinese approaches to historical study that have been called "antiquarian." As an exercise in historical recovery, the essays in this volume amass new information about the range of antiquarian-type scholarship on the past, on nature, and on peoples undertaken at either end of the Eurasian landmass between 1500 and 1800. As a historiographical project, the book challenges the received---and often very much under conceptualized---use of the term "antiquarian" in both European and Chinese contexts. Readers will not only learn more about the range of European and Chinese scholarship on the past---and especially the material past---but they will also be able to integrate some of the historiographical observations and corrections into new ways of conceiving of the history of historical scholarship in Europe since the Renaissance, and to reflect on the impact of these European terms on Chinese approaches to the Chinese past. This comparison is a two-way street, with the European tradition clarified by knowledge of Chinese practices, and Chinese approaches better understood when placed alongside the European ones.
Amphimixis and the individual in evolving populations: does Weismann’s Doctrine apply to all, most or a few organisms?

The German biologist August Weismann (1834–1914) proposed that amphimixis (sexual reproduction) creates variability for natural selection to act upon, and hence he became one of the founders of the Neo-Darwinian theory of biological evolution. He is perhaps best known for what is called “Weismann’s Doctrine” or “Weismann’s Barrier” (i.e. the irreversible separation of somatic and germ cell functionalities early during ontogeny in multicellular organisms). This concept provided an unassailable argument against “soft inheritance” sensu Lamarck and informed subsequent theorists that the only “individual” in the context of evolution is the mature, reproductive organism. Herein, we review representative model organisms whose embryology conforms to Weismann’s Doctrine (e.g. flies and mammals) and those that do not (e.g. freshwater hydroids and plants) based on this survey and the Five Kingdoms of Life scheme; we point out that most species (notably bacteria, fungi, protists and plants) are “non-Weismannian” in ways that make a canonical definition of the “individual” problematic if not impossible. We also review critical life history functional traits that allow us to create a matrix of all theoretically conceivable life cycles (for eukaryotic algae, embryophytes, fungi and animals), which permits us to establish where this scheme Weismann’s Doctrine holds true and where it does not. In addition, we argue that bacteria, the dominant organisms of the biosphere, exist in super-cellular biofilms but rarely as single (planktonic) microbes. Our analysis attempts to show that competition among genomic variants in cell lineages played a critical part in the evolution of multicellularity and life cycle diversity. This feature was largely ignored during the formulation of the synthetic theory of biological evolution and its subsequent elaborations.
Morphology and structure of Ti-rich alloy thin film

The morphology and structure of the SMA thin film of Ti 43.27% Ni formed by HCD sputter deposition on glass substrates were studied. The results showed that when the temperature of the substrate is sufficiently high in the process of sputter depositing film,the thin film is bassically crystallized and its morphology is polycrystal consisting of martensite, R, Ti 2 Ni and parent phase. Because the relative quantity of parent phase increases and that of martensite decreases after heat treatment, M s temperature drops,the using temperature range of SMA thin film is expanded. Observed in situ from room temperature up to 110 ℃,the martensite in the polymorphy is reduced continuously until it disappears, and all transformated into R,Ti 2 Ni and parent phase in the end, which means the martensite shows thermoelasticity.
The Disengaged Immigrant: Mapping the Francophone Caribbean Metropolis

As an exemplary locus of crosscultural contact, the city offers fertile ground for theories of hybridity, transnationalism, and globalization. Today's metropolis signals the transformative and transforming identifications, the new axes of belonging and exclusion, and the reconfiguring of national and regional borders occurring across the globe, while at the same time occupying a privileged role as the quintessential space of transnationalism. Recent work on postcolonial urban spaces has foregrounded the incidence of the immigrant in these transformations: emblem of the era's mass migrations, this cultural outsider is paradoxically of the new global city, fundamentally changing the fabric of the metropolis through the crosscultural exchange his or her inscription in urban daily life  The productive encounters generated by these intersections thus reveal a dependence on the figure of the immigrant, a need for both the presence and the dialogical engagement of the exogenous city dweller in the construction of a transnational metropolitanism. This essay seeks to examine the particular terms of this engagement through a consideration of two recent novels of Francophone Caribbean migration: Marie-Celie Agnant's La Dot de Sara (1995) and Gisele Pineau's L'Exil selon Julia (1996). As contributions to the growing canon on Francophone Caribbean exile in Western metropolitan settings, these novels recall inaugural voices such as Cesaire's and Fanon's as well as later works by Michele Lacrosil, Andre and Simone Schwarz-Bart, Myriam Warner- Vieyra, and Joseph Zobel.2 While Pineau's L'Exil selon Julia reflects a recurrent preoccupation with the autobiographically inflected subject of French metropolitan exile, La Dot de Sara is Agnant's first novel and effects a Haitian-Canadian displacement of this Parisian setting in the tradition of Dany Laferriere and Emile Ollivier.3 Amongst these myr
Refining Logic Theories under OI-Implication

We present a framework for theory refinement operators fulfilling properties that ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the learning process. A refinement operator satisfying these requirements is defined ideal. Past results have demonstrated the impossibility of defining ideal operators in search spaces ordered by the logical implication or the θ-subsumption relationships. By assuming the object identity bias over a space defined by a clausal language ordered by logical implication, we obtain OI-implication, a novel ordering relationship, and show that ideal operators can be defined for the resulting search space.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine, When Rigorous, can be Science

In October 2003, during the 12th Congress of Oriental Medicine in Taipei, the National Palace Museum organized an enormously pertinent exhibit in Gallery 313 derived largely from the museum’s collection of ancient medical texts that includes classics on numerous topics. It is entitled Life is Worth More than Gold: A Special Exhibition of Ancient Medicinal Classics. In the English translation of the Chinese description clues are embedded that pertain to the origins of both Western medicine and the history of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as briefly described: “Disease has always been a great topic of concern in human society. From prayers and spells to the birth of medicine as a rational science, man has been able to develop all sorts of medical treatments to combat against different illnesses and ailments, because, as the Chinese proverb has it, ‘life is worth more than a thousand gold pieces.’ Towards the end of the Eastern Han (the 3rd century), typhoid was rampant in China, and the fatality rate was extremely high. Chang Chung-ching, with his extensive clinical experience, wrote the Treatise on Cold-Induced Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, and thereby established the foundations for ‘treatment based on differentiation of symptom-complex’ in traditional Chinese medicine. After that, as governments began setting up medical institutions and experiences of private doctors came to be valued, many important medicinal theories, treatments and much pharmaceutical knowledge were gradually organized systematically. Advancements in pharmacology were particularly notable. For example, the Newly-Revised Materia Medica issued by Emperor Kao-tsung of the T’ang dynasty in the 10th year of his reign (659) was the first pharmacological encyclopedia edited and published by the government, and a copy was taken to Japan by Japanese emissaries soon after its completion.”
An Exploration of the Canon of Hausa Prose Fiction in Hausa Language and Translation: The Literary Contest of 1933 as a Historical Reference

The paper premises that the literary contest of 1933 has been a very important historical reference and a determining condition for the emergence of the canon of Hausa prose fiction (Furniss, 1991, 1996). As a consequence, my exploration is going to be directed first toward the role of the British colonial administration as the organizer of the literary contest and then toward the role played by the university critics in transforming the winning essays into a corpus of literary masterpieces, thus creating some of the conditions for the emergence and consolidation of the canon of the Hausa prose fiction in both the Hausa language and in translation into English.
Sources of symmetric potentials

Laboratory experiments on gravitation are usually performed with objects of constant density, so that the analysis of the forces concerns only the geometry of their shape. In an ideal experiment, the shapes of the constituent parts will be optimised to meet certain mathematical criteria, which ensure that the experiment has maximal sensitivity. 
Using this idea, the author suggested an experiment to determine the departure of the gravitational force from Newton's force law . The geometrical problem which has to be solved is to find two shapes which differ significantly, but have the same Newtonian potential. Essentially, the experiment determines whether the two objects are distinguishable by their gravitational force. Here, we consider the case when one of them is a round ball. The result, Theorem 1, establishes a fact which appeared in numerical simulations, that the second object has to have a hole in it.
Call for a disease-specific patient-reported outcome tool in adult congenital heart disease.

Those who care for patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) need a valid and sensitive measure to better quantify the effect of ACHD on patients’ health status, their symptoms, function, and quality of life (QOL). These insights are critical in evaluating the success of novel treatments, monitoring patients over time, and comparing treatment success across providers as a foundation for quality improvement.1 Given the unique and myriad manifestations of various forms of ACHD, generic QOL measures are likely inadequate and the time has come to create an ACHD-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) tool.

The prevalence of ACHD is expanding rapidly in the developed world. As a result of medical and surgical advances over the last half century, patients who previously would have succumbed to their cardiac abnormality in early childhood now live well into adulthood.2,3 Currently, it is estimated that there are more adults living in the United States with congenital heart disease than there are children.4 Although medical and surgical advances have led to dramatic improvements in survival, these patients are not cured and live with various limitations and symptoms that require ongoing monitoring and treatment.

The growth of this unique population of patients with chronic heart disease creates a need for new research strategies to optimize care and improve outcomes.5 Like other patients with chronic heart disease, patients with ACHD have been demonstrated to have rapidly rising rates of hospitalization and medical resource utilization.6,7 Current data support the notion that appropriate disease-specific care improves both health outcomes and cost-effectiveness in populations with acquired heart disease.8–12 The recent demonstration that specialized ACHD care may result in more positive outcomes for ACHD patients suggests that these patients may benefit from novel disease-specific pharmacological and device therapies analogous to …
The Cambridge Introduction to Postcolonial Literatures in English by C. L. Innes

Preface 1.  Situating the postcolonial 2. Postcolonial issues in performance 3. Alternative histories and writing back 4. Authorising the self: postcolonial autobiographical writing 5. Situating the self: landscape and place 6. Appropriating the word: language and voice 7. 'Narrating the nation': form and genre 8. Rewriting her story: nation and gender 9. Rewriting the nation: acknowledging economic and cultural diversity 10. Transnational and black British writing: colonising in reverse 11. Citizens of the world: reading postcolonial literature Glossary of critical terms Notes on main writers discussed Brief histories: Australia, The Caribbean, East Africa, India and Pakistan, Ireland, West Africa Bibliography.
Discussion about the Comprehensive Harnessing the Water Environment for Yulin River Valley

With the comprehensive harnessing the Yulin River in Chongqing, the harnessing model of the secondary rivers in Three Gorges Reservoir Area is discussed. It is believed that as for the comprehensive harnessing the water environment, the valley should be considered as a unit based on the whole ecosystem in the valley and the comprehensive consideration of the factors, influencing the ecology, resources, economy is needed in planning, protecting, improving and utilizing the water environment, in order to realize the sustainable development of the water environment in the valley. Moreover, the object, principles, measures of comprehensive harnessing the water environment in the valley were given.
METALLOTECTONIC DYNAMICS ENVIRONMENT OF ZEOLITE ORE DEPOSITS AROUND THE SONGLIAO BASIN

There are abound zeolite resources and various types of zeolite ore deposits around the Songliao Basin which are the important constitutions of zeolite metallogenic belt around the Pacific Ocean in east China. In the study area, the Mesozoic volcanic rocks and zeolite ore belts are controlled by the NE-NNE trending deep fracture zones. Zeolite ore fields and major ore deposits are located in cross compounding regions of deep fracture zones of different trends. The alkine and K rich volcanic rocks, which are source rocks of zeolite ores, formed in middle late Yanshanian stage, with tectonic dynamic mechanism of compression and left lateral shearing. Tectonic reversion occurred in Himalayan stage, with tectonic dynamic mechanism of extension and right lateral shearing and accompaning magmatic activities. It led to geothermal anomaly occurring, temperature of subsurface fluid rising and zeolite mineralizing. The metallogenetic epoch of zeolite deposits hosted in the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the study area is the Cenozoic era, with ages from 64 50 to 5 50 Ma.
Weber, Habermas, and transformations of the European state : constitutional, social, and supranational democracy

1.  theorizing modern transformations of law and democracy 2. The historical logic(s) of Habermas's critique of Weber's 'sociology of law' 3. The puzzle of law, democracy and historical change in Weber's 'sociology of law' 4. Habermas's deliberatively legal Sozialstaat 5. Habermas on the European Union: normative aspirations 6. The structural transformation to the supranational Sektoralstaat and prospects for democracy in the EU 7.  Habermas's philosophy of history and the future of Europe.