nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Phone Based Care Coordination Pilot on Hospital Utilisation and Costs for Patients With Chest Pain.

A small percentage of the population represents a disproportionate number of attendances at emergency departments (ED). "Frequent presenters" to ED with chest pain do not always fit into established pathways for acute myocardial events. With accelerated "rule out" protocols, patients are often discharged from the ED after short lengths of stay. This research will evaluate the effectiveness of a phone based care-coordination pilot designed to meet the needs of patients attending ED with cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain.



A longitudinal, single-arm interventional study with retrospectively recruited control group. Ninety-five patients were enrolled as the intervention group; 97 patients were retrospectively identified as controls. These patients had re-presented with chest pain within 6 months of a cardiac event, or attended hospital within 12 months two or more times with chest pain and/or complex needs. Intervention group patients were holistically assessed then phone-coached to support self-management of chest pain over 6 months. Following descriptive and univariate analysis, multivariate analysis was conducted to adjust for noted differences between the intervention and control groups.



Thirty-day representation to ED was significantly less for the intervention group (14.1%) compared to controls (27.7%). After adjusting for baseline differences, intervention patients were more than two-fold less likely to re-present compared to controls (OR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.19-0.96). After adjustment for baseline differences, the savings in subsequent inpatient costs was $1588 per person, as a result of intervention, patients were less likely to have inpatient readmissions (16.3%) compared to controls (20.2%), although this was not statistically significant (p=0.588).



A phone based care-coordination pilot with targeted interventions has the potential to reduce ED presentations and hospital readmissions among patients representing with chest pain.
Graph Partitioning with Acyclicity Constraints

Graphs are widely used to model execution dependencies in applications. In particular, the NP-complete problem of partitioning a graph under constraints receives enormous attention by researchers because of its applicability in multiprocessor scheduling. We identified the additional constraint of acyclic dependencies between blocks when mapping streaming applications to a heterogeneous embedded multiprocessor. Existing algorithms and heuristics do not address this requirement and deliver results that are not applicable for our use-case. In this work, we show that this more constrained version of the graph partitioning problem is NP-complete and present heuristics that achieve a close approximation of the optimal solution found by an exhaustive search for small problem instances and much better scalability for larger instances. In addition, we can show a positive impact on the schedule of a real imaging application that improves communication volume and execution time.
Multilinear Algebra and Chess Endgames

This article has three chief aims: (1) To show the wide utility of multilinear algebraic formalism for high-performance computing. (2) To describe an application of this formalism in the analysis of chess endgames, and results obtained thereby that would have been impossible to compute using earlier techniques, including a win requiring a record 243 moves. (3) To contribute to the study of the history of chess endgames, by focusing on the work of Friedrich Amelung (in particular his apparently lost analysis of certain six-piece endgames) and that of Theodor Molien, one of the founders of modern group representation theory and the first person to have systematically numerically analyzed a pawnless endgame.
Polycrystalline silicon/monocrystalline silicon heterojunction structure applied to solar cell and preparation method thereof

The invention provides a polycrystalline silicon/monocrystalline silicon heterojunction structure applied to a solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The structure of the polycrystalline silicon/monocrystalline silicon heterojunction structure applied to the solar cell is that a polycrystalline silicon film with an opposite doping type on a monocrystalline silicon wafer acts as an emitting electrode. The structure and the distribution of the thickness and the doping concentration of the polycrystalline silicon film are both adjustable. The preparation method of the polycrystalline silicon/monocrystalline silicon heterojunction structure applied to the solar cell comprises the steps that a doped amorphous or microcrystalline silicon film is deposited first by adopting a low-temperature vapor deposition method, and then rapid thermal processing and crystallization are carried out. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, a more flexible crystalline silicon solar cell pn-junction structure can be acquired, thereby providing space for further improving the structure and the process of crystalline silicon solar cell devices and improving the conversion efficiency thereof.
The Firms Speak: What the World Business Environment Survey Tells Us about Constraints on Private Sector Development

This chapter summarizes the salient results of the World Business Environment Survey (WBES). It shows that important dimensions of the climate for business operation and investment can be measured, analyzed, and compared across countries, and that governance is key to the business environment and investment climate. The survey findings suggest that key policy, institutional, and governance indicators affect the growth of a firm's sales and investment and the extent to which firms operate in the unofficial economy. Further, the paper provides empirical support for some commonly held notions, while challenging others. It suggests a link between taxation, financing, and corruption on the one hand, and growth and investment on the other, and it highlights the costs to economies where the state is captured by a narrow set of private interests.
Calculating Functional Programs

Functional programs are merely equations; they may be manipulated by straightforward equational reasoning. In particular, one can use this style of reasoning to calculate programs, in the same way that one calculates numeric values in arithmetic. Many useful theorems for such reasoning derive from an algebraic view of programs, built around datatypes and their operations. Traditional algebraic methods concentrate on initial algebras, constructors, and values; dual co-algebraic methods concentrate on final co-algebras, destructors, and processes. Both methods are elegant and powerful; they deserve to be combined.
Before the B5000: Burroughs Computers, 1951-1963

Like many companies entering the computer industry, Burroughs began by working on US government contracts. Once sufficient expertise had been gained, the company entered the general-purpose computer market. The Datatron computer, obtained through the ElectroData Corporation acquisition, was a modest success in the late 1950s; however, pioneering work on transistor computers for military contracts was not immediately transferred to the commercial marketplace.
Begging Rome: Norms at the margins, norms of the in-between

In this article, I argue that begging and beggary represents and must be analyzed through a twofold prism: as an economic exchange taking place at the margins but amply within the structures of the market economy and as a social relationship and cultural exchange that, due exactly to its in-between liminal nature, touches upon and generate central values; an exchange in which crucial norms are negotiated and established. Begging activities are just one example of how the market oriented economy intertwines with underground networks and “informal economies”, and how these interconnections produce implicit and explicit norms.
Reminiscences of a perinatologist.

IN 1952, Dr Nickolson J. Eastman, head of the Department of Obstetrics at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md, said in discussing a paper I had just presented: I think Dr Potter and Dr Davis both perhaps should be congratulated on having coined the word perinatal . I am sorry I did not think of it. You see, heretofore we said stillbirth and neonatal pathology, stillbirth and neonatal death . Well, that is a long and cumbersome phrase and perinatal death covers the whole thing. With your permission I am going to start using it myself. Although this may have been the first time the word was used publicly, the fetus and newborn had been subjects of investigation for more than 100 years—now this period of life has become a medical specialty of its own. My interest in perinatal pathology began in medical school in the early 1920s, when
Quantum Merlin-Arthur Proof Systems: Are Multiple Merlins More Helpful to Arthur?

This paper introduces quantum ``multiple-Merlin''-Arthur proof systems in which Arthur receives multiple quantum proofs that are unentangled with each other. Although classical multi-proof systems are obviously equivalent to classical single-proof systems (i.e., usual Merlin-Arthur proof systems), it is unclear whether or not quantum multi-proof systems collapse to quantum single-proof systems (i.e., usual quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems). This paper presents a necessary and sufficient condition under which the number of quantum proofs is reducible to two. It is also proved that, in the case of perfect soundness, using multiple quantum proofs does not increase the power of quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems.
Color Difference Characterization on Nickel Silicides

We prepared nickel silicide layers from p-Si(l00)/SiO₂(2000 Å)/poly-Si(700 Å)/Ni(400 Å) structures, feasible for gates in MOSFETs, by annealing them from 500℃～900℃ for 30 minutes. We measured the color coordination in visible range, cross sectional micro-structure, and surface topology with annealing temperature by an UV-VIS-IR spectrometer, field effect scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM), and scanning probe micro-scope respectively. We conclude that we may identify the nickel silicide by color difference of 0.90 and predict the silicide process reliability by color coordination measurement. The nickel silicide layers showed similar thickness while the columnar grains size and surface roughness increased as annealing temperature increased.
The Division of Household Labor: Suggestions for Future Empirical Consideration and Theoretical Development

Although the question of division of household labor between wives and their husbands has been of interest to social scientists for quite some time, in general we do not know much beyond how much time each spends in such activity. While lack of detail and datedness hamper studies based on most large scale data sets, it is possible to glean some initial impressions from the existing work. Those data suggest that there are important qualitative differences between the work that men and women do within the household. This article reviews those findings and presents a gender stratification theoretical framework that appears promising for the examination of the qualitative differences in household and child care division of labor. Three general hypotheses focusing on the concept of the wife's “net economic power” are derived from this framework. Furthermore, the differential impacts of the earnings ratio between husband and wife, stability of that ratio, and presence of surplus income on household division of ...
A Compact Architecture for Dialogue Management Based on Scripts and Meta-Outputs

We describe an architecture for spoken dialogue interfaces to semi-autonomous systems that transforms speech signals through successive representations of linguistic, dialogue, and domain knowledge. Each step produces an output, and a meta-output describing the transformation, with an executable program in a simple scripting language as the final result. The output/meta-output distinction permits perspicuous treatment of diverse tasks such as resolving pronouns, correcting user misconceptions, and optimizing scripts.
A methodology for the abstraction of design components from the software requirement specification to the object oriented system

The software developer's task begins with the procurement of project charter. This is a legal document containing details regarding the software requirement specification (SRS), cost and the schedule etc., of the project. The SRS of the organization is a text document incorporating the requirements of the organization. The software development of and information system is based on the SRS of the client organization. This paper attempts to abstracts design components (Object class name, Object methods, and its attributes. Actors and interfaces of actors) from software requirement specification. The objective of this paper is to develop a single semi automated methodology for the abstraction of different useable components from SRS, so that they can be transformed as model elements. To provide a semiotic environment for the design of model elements to the transformation of useable components.
Massive quark effects in two flavor color superconductors

The high density effective theory formalism (HDET) is employed to describe high density QCD with two massive flavors (2SC). The gap equation is derived and explicitly solved for the gap parameter. The parameters associated to the pseudo Nambu–Goldstone boson of U (1) A are evaluated in the limit μ →∞ and m / μ fixed. In particular, we find for the velocity of the NG boson the relation v 2 = μ 1 2 −m 1 2 μ 2 2 −m 2 2 /3μ 1 μ 2 .
Managerial Actions, Stock Returns, and Earnings: The Case of Business-To-Business Internet Firms

In this study we investigate the role played by managerial actions in explaining stock market returns and accounting earnings of 57 Internet firms engaged in Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce. We classify 3,166 managerial actions undertaken by our sample firms between the firm's IPO date and September 30, 2000 into ten key action categories: (1) acquisition of major customers, (2) introduction of new products and services, (3) promotional and marketing actions, (4) expansion into international markets, (5) actions taken to address the concerns of stakeholders such as employees and the community at large, (6) announcements of technology, marketing, and distribution alliances, (7) completion of acquisitions, (8) management team building actions, (9) announcement of recognition and awards bestowed upon the firm, and (10) organizational changes. We undertake an event study over a three-day window surrounding the announcement of each action. Our event study results indicate that announcements of alliances (technology, marketing, and distribution), acquisition of new customers, and promotions are associated with positive abnormal returns. Next, using the factor analysis technique we group the counts of managerial actions taken by each firm over its post-IPO life into three broad managerial initiatives-market penetration, organization building, and legitimacy building. These three initiatives explain a substantial portion of the cross-sectional variation in the firms' post-IPO life stock market returns beyond that explained by accounting earnings. However, accounting earnings do not explain variation in post-IPO stock returns. Thus, investors appear to supplement relatively meager accounting information with data about managerial actions in setting stock prices of B2B Internet firms.
Effects of MnO2 of different structures on activation of peroxymonosulfate for bisphenol A degradation under acidic conditions

Abstract MnO 2 with various structures, including three tunnel structures (α-, β-, γ-MnO 2 ) and a layered structure (δ-MnO 2 ), were synthesized and investigated for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The effects of different structured MnO 2 on PMS activation in contaminant degradation, as quantified by the pseudo-first order rate constants of bisphenol A (BPA) oxidation, followed the order: α-MnO 2  > γ-MnO 2  > β-MnO 2  > δ-MnO 2 . Results showed that under acidic conditions, BPA was degraded by both catalytic oxidation by PMS-MnO 2 and direct oxidation by MnO 2 , and the relative importance of the two mechanisms differed for different MnO 2 . The direct oxidation accounted for 25.2, 7.4, 34.1, and 94.5% of the total reactivity of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-MnO 2 , respectively. Physicochemical properties of MnO 2 including crystal structure, morphology, surface Mn oxidation states, surface area, oxygen species and conductivity were characterized and correlated with the catalytic reactivity. The results demonstrated that the crystallinity of MnO 2 was the dominant factor in the catalytic reactivity, resulting in the lowest reactivity for the least crystalline δ-MnO 2 . For the crystalline MnO 2 , the catalytic reactivity linearly correlated with Mn average oxidation state, Mn(III) content, and conductivity. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and quenching experiments with ethanol and tert -butanol suggested that sulfate radicals (SO 4 − ) were the dominant radicals in the systems, while hydroxyl radicals ( OH) played a minor role. In addition, nonradical mechanisms such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) also contributed to the BPA degradation, especially when δ-MnO 2 was the catalyst. These findings offered new insights into the contaminant degradation mechanisms in PMS-MnO 2 and provided guidance to develop cost-effective catalysts for water/wastewater treatment.
Ternary Complexes of Essential Metal Ions with L-Arginine and Succinic Acid in Cationic Surfactant Medium

Chemical speciation of ternary complexes MLX, ML2X and MLXH formed by Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with L-arginine as primary ligand (L) and succinic acid as secondary ligand (X) was studied in various concentrations (0.0-2.5% w/v) of cationic surfactant 
solution maintaining an ionic strength of 0.16 mol dm-3 
(NaNO3) at 303K. Titrations were carried out in the 
presence of different relative concentrations (M: L: X 
=1:2:2, 1:2:4, 1:4:2) of metal to L-arginine to succinic acid with sodium hydroxide as titrant. The observed extra 
stability of ternary complexes compared to their binary 
complexes was explained based on the electrostatic 
interactions of the side chains of the ligands, charge 
neutralization, chelate effect, stacking interactions and 
hydrogen bonding. The trend in log β values with mole 
fraction of the surfactant and distribution diagrams were 
presented. Structures of plausible ternary complexes were 
also presented.
The Information Society and its Consequences: Lessons from the Past

Without doubt the year 1976 was an important year for the discussion on Computers and Society. In that year Joseph Weizenbaum’s Computer Power and Human Reason was published and IFIP’s TC 9 on Computers and Society was founded. In this contribution we want to give a short overview of the history since then and answer the question “what lessons can be learned from the past twenty-five years?” Following a review of the vigorous debate on the development of computers in society that has taken place during that period, four main questions are raised: 
1. Is the Information Society a new phenomenon or is it a question of emphasis? 
2. Has the development led to a new revolution as never seen before, as many scientists and policy makers would have us believe? 
3. What are, in a general sense, the consequences of this evolving information society? 
4. Can information technology be controlled, and if so, what are the main instruments of control?
Spatial variations in the geochemistry of arc volcanism in Central America

Volcanism in Central America results from the subduction of the Cocos plate beneath the Caribbean plate. The resulting central American Volcanic arc (CAVA) extends for ~1500 km parallel to the Middle American Trench from Guatemala in the northwest to Costa Rica in the southeast. Characteristic for the CAVA are systematic variations in tectonic parameters (e.g. subducting angle of the Cocos plate), the composition of the subducting plate and the overlying crust. Various partly still active volcanoes and volcanic centers are located along and across the arc and have been subject to intensive research for the past years. The numerous and often contradicting individual models for the origin of arc volcanics in Central America propose a variety of distinct magmatic sources. This dissertation provides new models for the magmatic sources of northwestern and southeastern CAVA rocks. A new and comprehensive dataset of main and trace elements concentrations and ratios, and isotope ratios (Sr-Nd-Pb and for the first time for Central American volcanics Hf) of mafic volcanics und potential magmatic endmembers from the subducting Cocos plate and the overlying Caribbean Plate has been established. Systematic along and across arc geochemical variations of trace element concentrations and ratios and isotope ratios (in particular of Hf and Pb) clearly show that subducting Cocos plate sediments have no influence on the magmatic source components for NW CAVA rocks, as has been proposed by several already published models. The new dataset provides a system of three magmatic endmember components which can explain the observed systematic geochemical variations of NW CAVA rocks. The northwestern CAVA endmember is an enriched magmatic component in the lithosphere beneath Guatemala. The southeastern part of the arc is characterized by the offshore Costa Rica subducting Cocos and Coiba ridges and a neighboring subducting seamount province, which all show an enriched Galapagos hotspot influenced ocean island basalt (OIB) signature (i.e. radiogenic Pb and Hf but unradiogenic Sr and Nd isotopic ratios). New data from mafic volcanics from Costa Rica and Panama show a strong, though systematically from Costa Rica to Nicaragua decreasing influence of the subducting Galapagos hotspot seamount province on the magmatic source composition of the volcanics.
Teaching fundamentals of computing theory: a constructivist approach

A Fundamentals of Computing Theory course involves different topics that are core to the Computer Science curricula and whose level of abstraction makes them difficult both to teach and to learn. Such difficulty stems from the complexity of the abstract notions involved and the required mathematical background. Surveys conducted among our students showed that many of them were applying some theoretical concepts mechanically rather than developing significant learning. This paper shows a number of didactic strategies that we introduced in the Fundamentals of Computing Theory curricula to cope with the above problem. The proposed strategies were based on a stronger use of technology and a constructivist approach. The final goal was to promote more significant learning of the course topics.
Trap-Assisted Transport in Silicon Nanorods

In this work, we have studied the charge transport and photoluminescence (PL) properties of silicon nanorods (SiNRs) on substrate synthesized by the electrochemical etching of p-type Si wafer. The DC current–voltage (I-V) characteristics of SiNR within temperature 100–350 K show nonlinear and asymmetric behavior. From the temperature-dependent DC conductivity measurement, activation energy of 0.78 eV has been found. The room temperature emission spectrum is characterized by the appearance of single PL band in the visible region which can be de-convoluted into two Gaussian bands. The observed phenomena are interpreted in terms of defect states in the random SiNR network.
On the relativistic field theory model of the deuteron II

The relativistic field theory model of the deuteron suggested previously is revised and applied to the calculation of the cross sections of the low-energ radiative neutron-proton capture n + p → D + γ and the low-energy two-proton fusion p + p → D + e + + ν e . For the low-energy data and the potential model prediction. In the case of the two-proton fusion the cross section obtained is 2.9 times as much as that given by the potential approach. The obtained result is discussed in connection with the solar neutrino problem.