nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of Mobile Business and Traditional Business to Acquire Competitive Advantages: A Case Study in China Entertainment Industry

This paper analyzes mobile business in the context of the China entertainment industry as a strategic tool to create a sustainable competitive advantage through the implementation of an effective mobile business model. Uncertainty, risk, and open competition among entertain firms have risen dramatically, leading to a situation that a firm has more and more difficulties to acquire and sustain competitive advantages. Some frameworks concerning this have been established and in this paper we adopt these frameworks. In traditional view, key success factors for creating value to customers through mobile business are user experience, the value contribution of mobile technology, and customer requirements. Based on this view and the distinctive characters of entertainment industry, the most efficient and effective way found to match these factors is to enhance interaction between customers and entertainment firms through mobile business applications, which can facilitate response time and make the interaction more convenient. Other than focusing on telecom operators that were thought as the core of mobile business, this paper suggests a new mobile business model in which a platform operator is the dominator of the model. Additional,the flows both of information and of money are addressed in the paper; so do various layers and the benefits they acquire.
Innovative approach to the substation design using Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology

Rising power demand, on aging infrastructure, causes more and more issues, right up to blackouts. There is a national need for grid rebuilding of the power network over the next decade. The fact that large number of power engineers will be retired in the next years, forces the power industries to look for efficient design solutions. For this reason, it is important to achieve shortened project time, costs reduction, efficiency and accuracy, in substation design. Software which fulfills these requirements, using Building Information Modeling (BIM), is described in this paper. This technology provides planning, designing, building and managing 2D or 3D models, having the intelligence, geometry and data utilizing contained elements. Thanks to BIM, designers of different branches can work more collaborative. Software provides whole electro-mounting, designing, including civil and architectural review.
Non-adherence to drug therapy and drug acquisition costs in a national population - a patient-based register study

BackgroundPatients' non-adherence to drug therapy is a major problem for society as it is associated with reduced health outcomes. Generally, approximately only 50% of patients with chronic disease in developed countries adhere to prescribed therapy, and the most common non-adherence refers to chronic under-use, i.e. patients use less medication than prescribed or prematurely stop the therapy. Patients' non-adherence leads to high additional costs for society in terms of poor health. Non-adherence is also related to the unnecessary sale of drugs. The aim of the present study was to estimate the drug acquisition cost related to non-adherence to drug therapy in a national population.MethodsWe constructed a model of the drug acquisition cost related to non-adherence to drug therapy based on patient register data of dispensed out-patient prescriptions in the entire Swedish population during a 12-month period. In the model, the total drug acquisition cost was successively adjusted for the assumed different rates of primary non-adherence (prescriptions not being filled by the patient), and secondary non-adherence (medication not being taken as prescribed) according to the patient's age, therapies, and the number of dispensed drugs per patient.ResultsWith an assumption of a general primary non-adherence rate of 3%, and a general secondary non-adherence rate of 50%, for all types of drugs, the acquisition cost related to non-adherence totalled SEK 11.2 billion (€ 1.2 billion), or 48.5% of total drug acquisition costs in Sweden 2006.With the assumption of varying primary non-adherence rates for different age groups and different secondary non-adherence rates for varying types of drug therapies, the acquisition cost related to non-adherence totalled SEK 9.3 billion (€ 1.0 billion), or 40.2% of the total drug acquisition costs.When the assumption of varying primary and secondary non-adherence rates for a different number of dispensed drugs per patient was added to the model, the acquisition cost related to non-adherence totalled SEK 9.9 billion (€ 1.1 billion), or 42.6% of the total drug acquisition costs.ConclusionsOur estimate indicates that drug acquisition costs related to non-adherence represent a substantial proportion of the economic resources in the health care sector. A low rate of primary non-adherence, combined with a high rate of secondary non-adherence, contributes to a large degree of unnecessary medical spending. Thus, efforts of different types of interventions are needed to improve secondary adherence.
The Role of Work Status on European Older Volunteers’ Motivation:

The article aims to identify differences in motivation between working and nonworking older volunteers, in order to contribute to knowledge on the relationship between work status and volunteering in later life. The study also contributes a cross-European view, given that most literature emanates from the United States. It was conducted utilizing a database of 955 working and nonworking older volunteers in three European countries: the Netherlands, Germany, and Italy. Results showed that work status has a significant impact on the motivation to volunteer, suggesting that voluntary organizations need to consider responding to different motivations between older volunteers still in paid employment and those who are retired. Specifically, those in paid work may be more driven by the desire to improve their career or knowledge, whereas older retired volunteers and those employed part time may consider volunteering as a response to challenges associated with retirement and later life or an unsatisfactory worki...
HOW MUCH DOES INDUSTRY MATTER, REALLY?

In this paper, we examine the importance of year, industry, corporate‐parent, and business‐specific effects on the profitability of U.S. public corporations within specific 4‐digit SIC categories. Our results indicate that year, industry, corporate‐parent, and business‐specific effects account for 2 percent, 19 percent, 4 percent, and 32 percent, respectively, of the aggregate variance in profitability. We also find that the importance of the effects differs substantially across broad economic sectors. Industry effects account for a smaller portion of profit variance in manufacturing but a larger portion in lodging/entertainment, services, wholesale/retail trade, and transportation. Across all sectors we find a negative covariance between corporate‐parent and industry effects. A detailed analysis suggests that industry, corporate‐parent, and business‐specific effects are related in complex ways.
The diammoniate of diborane: crystal structure and hydrogen release.

[(NH(3))(2)BH(2)](+)[BH(4)](-) is formed from the room temperature decomposition of NH(4)(+)BH(4)(-), via a NH(3)BH(3) intermediate. Its crystal structure has been determined and contains disordered BH(4)(-) ions in 2 distinct sites. Hydrogen release is similar to that from NH(3)BH(3) but with faster kinetics.
Novel 5MgO–3Li2O–4WO3 ceramic: preparation, phase evolution and its microwave dielectric properties

A new low-temperature firing microwave dielectric ceramic with the composition of 5MgO–3Li2O–4WO3 was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. The ceramic was found to be a novel pure compound (Li2Mg2W2O9) when the sintering temperature was 720–760 °C, but transformed to mixed phases with Li2Mg2W2O9 and Li2WO4 when the sintering temperature was 820–840 °C. The ceramic sintered at ~820 °C exhibited good properties with relative permittivity of ~10.3, Q × f value about 20,537 GHz (at the frequency f ~ 11 GHz) and a negative temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of −76.9 ppm/°C. 5MgO–3Li2O–4WO3 ceramic had a promising application in low-temperature cofired ceramic technology.
Hayekian evolution reconsidered: a response to Caldwell

Caldwell (2001. Hodgson on Hayek: a critique,  raises a number of criticisms of Hodgson's (1993.  Bringing Life Back into Economics, Cambridge, UK and Ann Arbor, MI, Polity Press and University of Michigan Press) analysis of Hayek. This reply acknowledges the passages in The Constitution of Liberty where Hayek discusses evolutionary ideas. It is also agreed that the description in the secondary literature of Hayek as a 'methodological individualist' is misleading or flawed. However, it is argued that Hayek's neglect of Malthus remains real and problematic. This neglect is connected to Hayek's underestimation of the scale of the Darwinian intellectual revolution. It is also argued here that Caldwell's attempt to justify Hayek's analytical assumption of the given individual is unconvincing.
Productivity and the Role of the Global Acquisition Market

This paper presents a model of domestic and foreign acquisitions with heterogeneous firms. The model shows that acquisitions positively affect aggregate productivity by transferring capital from the least efficient firms to higher efficiency firms. However, contrary to the existing literature, these acquiring firms are in a mid-range of productivity. The results of my model show that the most productive firms do not find domestic acquisitions profitable in either a closed or open economy, and do not find foreign acquisitions profitable in relatively integrated open economies. This is a result of a demand-cost framework in which mark-ups are variable and, conditional on total capital holdings, concentration of production in one location reduces firm-level efficiency. With this new framework, I show that if policy actions reduce the amount of acquisitions that occur, aggregate productivity falls. For example, foreign investment restrictions always reduce aggregate productivity. Further, reciprocal trade liberalization, which has a strong negative effect on acquisition demand from abroad, may also reduce aggregate productivity.
Grand challenges in interdisciplinary physics

The dictionary definition of physics is the study of matter, energy, and the interaction between them1. There is no doubt that this definition does describe the core of physics. However, over the last three decades, a shift has occured. Physics has spilled over its boundaries set by the definition quoted, and we now have fields such as econophysics, sociophysics, biological physics, and geological physics. Common for these new fields of physics is that if they are to be defined based on the subjects that are studied, they would not belong to physics. What does make them part of physics is rather the way the subjects are studied. By regarding these new fields as belonging to physics, the dictionary definition of physics no longer holds. One has to revise it. It makes sense to replace the old definition stating that physics is the study of certain quantities by one where physics is defined as a method to approach scientific problems. Physics as a method of approaching scientific problems is different from other sciences. It is hierarchical: more general questions are posed and answered before more specific questions. Here is a concrete example: In the twenties, general quantum mechanics was developed. In the thirties, a general theory of metals was developed. This allowed for studying specific metals, but it also opened up for the search for a class of materials that were between metals and insulators: the semiconductors. In the forties, this resulted in the construction of the first transistor—and the electronics age was born. One may only speculate how long it would have taken to construct
Science In The Pleasure Ground: A History of the Arnold Arboretum

One of Boston's most beautiful and treasured outdoor spaces, the Arnold Arboretum is a living museum of trees and shrubs, a public park, and a laboratory for scientific investigation. The unique, intricate garden is admired worldwide as a model for naturalistic landscape architecture. In this generously illustrated volume, Ida Hay provides the first comprehensive history of the Arboretum's pioneering role and contemporary significance in successfully blending scientific endeavors with public recreation and aesthetic display. Her engaging narrative focuses on the lives, contributions, and interrelationships of those who founded and developed the Arboretum, beginning with the grant of land in Jamaica Plain to Harvard University by Benjamin Bussey and the endowment provided by James Arnold. These founding events are set against the background of scientific developments in the biological sciences and popular interest in horticulture and naturalistic landscape design in early nineteenth-century New England. The significant contributions of Charles Sprague Sargent, the first director, and the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted provide the heart of the dynamic story behind the design and construction of the Arnold's grounds. Sargent's fifty-year administration established the plan for collecting and displaying its trees and shrubs for the education and pleasure of visitors. He also created and managed the worldwide scientific research of the institution, while simultaneously pursuing an active career in research and writing himself. The interaction of scientific research and public education was embodied in the first director, who created and implemented the dual mission of theArboretum: "science in the pleasure ground." The leadership of subsequent directors of the Arboretum - Oakes Ames, Elmer D. Merrill, Karl Sax, Richard A. Howard, Peter S. Ashton, Robert E. Cook - reflected new priorities in scientific research and collection policies for the herbarium an
Drama and English teaching : imagination, action and engagement

1. English, Drama and the Role of Imagination By Jackie Manuel, John Hughes, Michael Anderson 2. The Dramatic Process of English Teaching and Learning By Professor John O'Toole 3. Narrative, Drama and the English Classroom By Helen Nicholson 4. Drama and the Teaching of Literature By Jacqueline Manuel 5. Experiencing Theatre in the English Classroom By John Hughes 6. The Teaching of Shakespeare By Ken Watson 7. Drama and the Teaching of Poetry By John Hughes and Professor Roslyn Arnold 8. Spaces to Play: Picture Books and Drama in the Middle Years By Associate Professor Robyn Ewing and Associate Professor Carole Miller 9. Drama English and Inclusivity By Dr Peter O'Connor 10. Drama, Texts and Literacy By Joanne O'Mara 11. Performances, Technology and Emerging Opportunities for Drama in English By Michael Anderson 12. Film and Video in the English Classroom By Associate Professor John Carroll 13. Assessing Drama in English By Jacqueline Manuel and Michael Anderson
Guidelines for supportive care in multiple myeloma 2011.

Supportive care plays an increasingly important role in the modern management of multiple myeloma. While modern treatments have significantly prolonged overall and progression free survival through improved disease control, the vast majority of patients remain incurable, and live with the burden of the disease itself and the cumulative side effects of treatments. Maintenance of quality of life presents challenges at all stages of the disease from diagnosis through the multiple phases of active treatment to the end of life. Written on behalf of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) and the UK Myeloma Forum (UKMF), these evidence based guidelines summarize the current national consensus for supportive and symptomatic care in multiple myeloma in the following areas; pain management, peripheral neuropathy, skeletal complications, infection, anaemia, haemostasis and thrombosis, sedation, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, diarrhoea, mucositis, bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw, complementary therapies, holistic needs assessment and end of life care. Although most aspects of supportive care can be supervised by haematology teams primarily responsible for patients with multiple myeloma, multidisciplinary collaboration involving specialists in palliative medicine, pain management, radiotherapy and surgical specialities is essential, and guidance is provided for appropriate interdisciplinary referral. These guidelines should be read in conjunction with the BCSH/UKMF Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma 2011.
Development and implementation of advanced IT in the North American precast concrete industry

We report on a large-scale effort to integrate advanced design and engineering information technologies (IT) in the North American precast/prestressed concrete industry. The effort has been undertaken by a consortium of precast producer companies formed specifically for the task. The effort involved significant process modeling work, using a unique method and set of tools. It led to the development of a specification for an advanced precast concrete design and engineering parametric application platform, which is currently being implemented by a major building modeling software company. The problems and lessons learned are reported. The project reported is on-going. With the first phase now well established and underway, the groundwork for the second phase – development of a Precast Building Product Data Model – will soon begin.
The Rise of Nasir Al-Nims: A Tribal Commentary on Being and Becoming a Shaykh

This article examines local conceptions of shaykhly authority among Near Eastern tribes-people. Special attention is given to the personal history of Nasir al-Nims, a shaykh of the Murad tribe in North Yemen. The story of Nasir's rise to prominence, told by his grandson, is recounted and analyzed. A close study of this narrative reveals (1) patterns which recur frequently in the lives of shaykhs, (2) the structural conditions in which shaykhs of a certain kind emerge, and (3) a way of talking about authority and leadership in an egalitarian society which views both with ambivalence. It is argued that shaykhly authority will be better understood when tribal narrative and other forms of local expression are more fully incorporated in anthropological discourse.
An analytic approach to spectral flow in von Neumann algebras

The analytic approach to spectral flow is about ten years old. In that time it has evolved to cover an ever wider range of examples. The most critical extension was to replace Fredholm operators in the classical sense by Breuer-Fredholm operators in a semifinite von Neumann algebra. The first part of this paper gives a brief account of this theory extending and refining earlier results. It is then applied in the latter parts of the paper to a series of examples. One of the most powerful tools is an integral formula for spectral flow. This integral formula was known for Dirac operators in a variety of forms ever since the fundamental papers of Atiyah, Patodi and Singer. One of the purposes of this exposition is to make contact with this early work so that one can understand the recent developments in a proper historical context. In addition we show how to derive these spectral flow formulae in the setting of Dirac operators on (non-compact) covering spaces of a compact spin manifold using the adiabatic method. 
Finally we relate our work to that of Coburn, Douglas, Schaeffer and Singer on Toeplitz operators with almost periodic symbol. We generalise their work to cover the case of matrix valued almost periodic symbols on \R^N using some ideas of Shubin.
Integrating Economic and Physical Models for Analyzing Water Quality Impacts of Agricultural Policies in the High Plains

Agency estimated in 1992 that 52.1 percent of all community water systems contained nitrates and 10.4 percent contained pesticides. A study by the Water Quality Task Force of the Great Plains Agricultural Council concluded that agriculture was the largest contributor of nonpoint source pollution in the Great Plains and throughout the nation. Increased public awareness of these issues continues to put significant pressure on policy makers to consider water quality impacts in agricultural legislation. The impact of government commodity programs on agricultural production has been well documented (e.g., Houck and Ryan; Houck et al.; Lidman and Bawden; Chavas, Pope, and Kao; Johnson, Wolcott, and Aradhyula). For example, Houck and Ryan found that more than 95 percent of the variation in U.S. corn acreage during 1948 to 1970 could be attributed to selected policy variables. The resulting changes in agricultural production may in turn affect water quality. Several studies have discussed possible conflicts in the objectives of agricultural and environmental policies (Just and Antle; Johnson, Wolcott, and Aradhyula; Miranowski, Hrubovcak, and Sutton). Just and Antle found that existing agricultural policies can have either positive or negative effects on nonpoint source pollution; however, they did not provide any measure of the aggregate effect because no empirical investigation was conducted. Johnson, Wolcott, and Aradhyula examined the impact of commodity programs on output supply and input demand in the U.S. agricultural sector and illustrated possible tradeoffs between agricultural and environmental policies. Miranowski, Hrubovcak, and Sutton used a general equilibrium model of the U.S. agricultural sector to examine the impact of the Acreage Reduction Programs (ARP) and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) on chemical use and soil erosion. The results
Educational practice in China originated from German Bauhaus—Exploration on German model of industrial design program

German Bauhaus had a significant influence on the modern design education, meanwhile, it established the foundation of the leading position in the world for German industrial design. Through analyzing on current industrial design conditions from different countries, art design is considered as the main part of industrial design. This paper reviewed the last 10 years' development of industrial design program in Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. The industrial design program have taken considerable achievements in many fields, such as the practice of Germany model, disciplines construction, teaching reform, manufactures & college cooperation, project teaching and design competitions.