nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The development and initial validation of the cognitive fusion questionnaire.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) emphasizes the relationship a person has with their thoughts and beliefs as potentially more relevant than belief content in predicting the emotional and behavioral consequences of cognition. In ACT, "defusion" interventions aim to "unhook" thoughts from actions and to create psychological distance between a person and their thoughts, beliefs, memories, and self-stories. A number of similar concepts have been described in the psychology literature (e.g., decentering, metacognition, mentalization, and mindfulness) suggesting converging evidence that how we relate to mental events may be of critical importance. While there are some good measures of these related processes, none of them provides an adequate operationalization of cognitive fusion. Despite the centrality of cognitive fusion in the ACT model, there is as yet no agreed-upon measure of cognitive fusion. This paper presents the construction and development of a brief, self-report measure of cognitive fusion: The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ). The results of a series of studies involving over 1,800 people across diverse samples show good preliminary evidence of the CFQ's factor structure, reliability, temporal stability, validity, discriminant validity, and sensitivity to treatment effects. The potential uses of the CFQ in research and clinical practice are outlined.
Determination of Serum Lost Goodwill Target Proteome in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

This study investigates the biokinetics of LGT proteome, a potential biomarker of severe TBI, in serum of severe TBI patients. The LGT proteome presents in the serum of severe TBI patients. The abundance diversity of LGT proteome is closely associated with pathologic condition of TBI patients. Serum LGT proteome may be used as a promising marker for evaluating severity of severe TBI.
Elevated oxidative stress among coronary artery disease patients on statin therapy: A cross sectional study.

Statins are a major group of drugs that reduces LDL-C levels, which are proven to have other beneficial effects such as preventing coronary events. The objective of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress and select novel coronary artery disease risk factors among coronary artery disease patients on statins.



In this observational, cross-sectional study, we compared total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, malondialdehyde and oxidized LDL among male coronary artery disease patients on statin therapy (group 2, n = 151) with sex-matched, diabetic patients (group 3, n = 80) as well as healthy controls (group 1, n = 84).



Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower among subjects of group 2 compared to other two groups. The novel risk factors studied did not differ significantly between groups, except for a higher homocysteine level among group 2 subjects compared to the other two groups. Elevated oxidative stress, indicated by lower reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and ascorbic acid as well as higher malondialdehyde and oxidized LDL was observed among group 2 subjects. Triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde were found to be independent predictors for coronary artery disease among this study population.



Though coronary artery disease subjects had healthy lipid profile, oxidative stress, a recognized risk factor for coronary events, was still elevated among this patient group. Novel risk factors were not found to be major predictors for coronary artery disease among the study subjects.
Phase I trial of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in patients with advanced cancer.

To define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), toxicities, and pharmacokinetics of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) when administered using continuous and intermittent dosing schedules.



Patients with progressive solid tumor malignancies were treated with 17-AAG using an accelerated titration dose escalation schema. The starting dose and schedule were 5 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days with cycles repeated every 21 days. Dosing modifications based on safety, pharmacodynamic modeling, and clinical outcomes led to the evaluation of the following schedules: daily x 3 repeated every 14 days; twice weekly (days 1, 4, 8, and 11) for 2 weeks every 3 weeks; and twice weekly (days 1 and 4) without interruption. During cycle 1, blood was collected for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies.



Fifty-four eligible patients were treated. The MTD was schedule dependent: 56 mg/m(2) on the daily x 5 schedule; 112 mg/m(2) on the daily x 3 schedule; and 220 mg/m(2) on the days 1, 4, 8, and 11 every-21-day schedule. Continuous twice-weekly dosing was deemed too toxic because of delayed hepatotoxicity. Hepatic toxicity was also dose limiting with the daily x 5 schedule. Other common toxicities encountered were fatigue, myalgias, and nausea. This latter adverse effect may have been attributable, in part, to the DMSO-based formulation. Concentrations of 17-AAG above those required for activity in preclinical models could be safely achieved in plasma. Induction of a heat shock response and down-regulation of Akt and Raf-1 were observed in biomarker studies.



The MTD and toxicity profile of 17-AAG were schedule dependent. Intermittent dosing schedules were less toxic and are recommended for future phase II studies.
Evaluation of the impact of a new synthetic vitamin E-bonded membrane on anemia and rHuEPO requirement in ESRD patients with central venous catheters: a pilot study

In the last years, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients with erythropoietin (rHuEPO) resistance is increasing. Probably, central venous catheters (CVCs) contribute to this resistance by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. This study was aimed to compare vitamin E-bonded dialyzer (PSVE) versus polyethersulfone membrane. Sixteen subjects with CVCs were included in a prospective two-arm crossover 12-month study. The primary endpoints were the rHuEPO requirement and the erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) index, which was defined by the ratio between weekly EPO dosage (IU/kg/week) and Hb levels (g/dl). The mean dosages of rHuEPO to maintain hemoglobin between 10.5 and 12 g/dl were 135 ± 59 and 101 ± 57 IU/kg/week with polysulfone and PSVE, respectively (P = 0.14). The ESA indexes were 12.1 ± 5.2 and 8.7 ± 5.2 (P < 0.0001) with polysulfone and PSVE, respectively. A trend towards consensual changes in protein glycoxidation, antioxidant, and inflammatory markers was observed. In conclusion, the study suggests a role for PSVE in the reduction of ESA index in HD patients with CVCs.
Neural networks in cardiac electrophysiological signal classification

The aim of this work was to develop a method by which intra-cardiac electrograms could be classified. A new algorithm for training this particular network has been established and applied to the task of finding the onset times of intra-cardiac electrograms. The algorithm is based on adding a choice function to the combination function of each neuron. The choice function enables the network to consider delays in each of its synapses. The gradient of error is then calculated with respect to the weights and delays. A synaptic delay-based artificial neural network was implemented using MATLAB and used to detect the onset times of the atrial, His and ventricular electrograms from the His catheter recordings. Results from a subset of a clinical, 12-channel electrophysiology study demonstrated the ability of the network to successfully identify peak potentials and onset times. Errors in detection of onset times were in the range of 1–2 ms. This method, which does not utilise traditional windowing and/or thresholding operations, can be effectively used to detect temporal patterns in a range of electrophysiological and biological signals.
Predictive value of HIV-1 RNA detection in plasma by branched DNA assay during long-term zidovudine therapy

The predictive value of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA detection in plasma using branched DNA assay was studied in a subgroup of 36 asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. Patients were randomized to receive either zidovudine (AZT) 1 g/day or placebo and were monitored for a mean time of 61 months. HIV-1 RNA was detected in plasma using branched DNA assay at months 0, 6, 12, 24, and 36. HIV-1 RNA was detected at levels of ≥ 104 RNA eq/ml (eq/ml) in 8.3% of the patients at baseline, and this percentage increased during the first two years in the placebo group only. The detection rate of HIV-1 RNA at three years was 50% in both the AZT and the placebo groups. HIV-1 RNA levels ranged from 104 to 478 × 103 RNA eq/ml. HIV-1 RNA was detected at levels of > 104 eq/ml a mean time of 19±13 months before progression to AIDS in 76.5% of progressing patients. In a multivariate analysis including baseline CD4+ count, the initial randomization group, HIV-1 RNA detection in plasma, and detection of p24 antigenemia during the first three years of follow-up, the best independent predictors of progression to AIDS at five years and the best independent predictors of death at five years were HIV-1 RNA detection in plasma and p24 antigenemia.
Impact of Low-Level-Viremia on HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Evolution among Antiretroviral Treated-Patients

Drug-resistance mutations (DRAM) are frequently selected in patients with virological failure defined as viral load (pVL) above 500 copies/ml (c/mL), but few resistance data are available at low-level viremia (LLV). Our objective was to determine the emergence and evolution of DRAM during LLV in HIV-1-infected patients while receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).



Retrospective analysis of patients presenting a LLV episode defined as pVL between 40 and 500 c/mL on at least 3 occasions during a 6-month period or longer while on the same ART. Resistance genotypic testing was performed at the onset and at the end of LLV period. Emerging DRAM was defined during LLV if never detected on baseline genotype or before.



48 patients including 4 naive and 44 pretreated (median 9 years) presented a LLV episode with a median duration of 11 months. Current ART included 2NRTI (94%), ritonavir-boosted PI (94%), NNRTI (23%), and/or raltegravir (19%). Median pVL during LLV was 134 c/mL. Successful resistance testing at both onset and end of the LLV episode were obtained for 37 patients (77%), among who 11 (30%) acquired at least 1 DRAM during the LLV period: for NRTI in 6, for NNRTI in 1, for PI in 4, and for raltegravir in 2. During the LLV period, number of drugs with genotypic resistance increased from a median of 4.5 to 6 drugs. Duration and pVL level of LLV episode, duration of previous ART, current and nadir CD4 count, number of baseline DRAM and GSS were not identified as predictive factors of resistance acquisition during LLV, probably due to limited number of patients.



Persistent LLV episodes below 500 c/ml while receiving ART is associated with emerging DRAM for all drug classes and a decreasing in further therapeutic options, suggesting to earlier consider resistance monitoring and ART optimization in this setting.
A phase I trial of aprinocarsen (ISIS 3521/LY900003), an antisense inhibitor of protein kinase C-α administered as a 24-hour weekly infusion schedule in patients with advanced cancer

A phase I study was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety profile and pharmacology of aprinocarsen (ISIS 3521), an antisense oligonucleotide to protein kinase C-α, in patients with refractory solid tumors.  Fourteen patients were treated in sequential cohorts of aprinocarsen by 24-hour continuous infusion (CIV), weekly, at doses of 6, 12, 18 and 24 mg/kg.  One grade 4 toxicity was observed, transient grade 4 neutropenia at 18 mg/kg. Grade 3 toxicities included neutropenia at 12 mg/kg, fever and hemorrhage at 18 mg/kg, and neutropenia, nausea, and chills at 24 mg/kg. Grade 2 toxicities included thrombocytopenia myalgias, chills, headache, fatigue, fever and nausea/vomiting. Mean prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) increased by 10% and 29% from baseline (p = 0.006 and 0.005). Mean complement split products (Bb and C3a) increased 1.6-fold and 3.6-fold (from p = 0.014 and 0.004, respectively). These changes correlated with dose and were transient with recovery to baseline by day 7. Steady state plasma concentrations (Css) of aprinocarsen were achieved within four hours. Css better described changes in aPTT than dose. Clinical evidence of complement activation was not observed.  In contrast to 21-day protracted infusion schedules, delivery of aprinocarsen over a 24-hour infusion schedule showed concentration-dependent effects on coagulation and complement, which are consistent with nonclinical toxicology studies performed in the phosphorothioate DNA antisense drug class. These coagulation and complement changes resulted in a maximum tolerated dose 24 mg/kg.
Hot flashes during androgen deprivation therapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist combined with steroidal or nonsteroidal antiandrogen for prostate cancer.

To investigate hot flashes and quality of life during combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy using steroidal or nonsteroidal antiandrogens.



A total of 151 patients with prostate cancer, who were enrolled into this study from May 2001 to June 2003, were randomized to receive CAB therapy using a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (leuprorelin) combined with a steroidal antiandrogen (chlormadinone) or a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (bicalutamide). The incidence of, frequency of, and distress due to hot flashes were evaluated with a self-administered questionnaire during a 2-year period. The general and disease-specific quality-of-life outcomes were also measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate questionnaire.



Data were available for analysis from 124 patients. Although the incidence of hot flashes largely tended to be greater in the bicalutamide group than in the chlormadinone group, no significant difference was noted in the cumulative incidence of hot flashes at 2 years. The median frequency of hot flashes daily was 1.3 and 2.2 for warmth/flushing (P = .16) and 1.0 and 3.6 for sweating (P = .021) in the chlormadinone and bicalutamide groups, respectively. Patients in the chlormadinone group were significantly less likely to be distressed by warmth/flushing (odds ratio 0.47, P < .001) and sweating (odds ratio 0.61, P = .01) than were those in the bicalutamide group. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate scores over time showed no intergroup differences.



Our results suggest that CAB using a steroidal antiandrogen such as chlormadinone might induce fewer and less-distressing hot flashes than CAB with bicalutamide.
Disordered Sleep and Myopia Risk among Chinese Children

Disordered sleep and myopia are increasingly prevalent among Chinese children. Similar pathways may be involved in regulation of both sleep cycles and eye growth. We therefore sought to examine the association between disordered sleep and myopia in this group.



Urban primary school children participating in a clinical trial on myopia and outdoor activity underwent automated cycloplegic refraction with subjective refinement. Parents answered questions about children's sleep duration, sleep disorders (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire [CSHQ]), near work and time spent outdoors.



Among 1970 children, 1902 (96.5%, mean [standard deviation SD] age 9.80 [0.44] years, 53.1% boys) completed refraction and questionnaires. Myopia < = -0.50 Diopters was present in both eyes of 588 (30.9%) children (1329/3804 = 34.9% of eyes) and 1129 children (59.4%) had abnormal CSHQ scores (> 41). In logistic regression models by eye, odds of myopia < = -0.50D increased with worse CSHQ score (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.01 per point, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] [1.001, 1.02], P = 0.014) and more night-time sleep (OR 1.02, 95% CI [1.01, 1.04, P = 0.002], while male sex (OR 0.82, 95% CI [0.70, 0.95], P = 0.008) and time outdoors (OR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.95, 0.99], P = 0.011) were associated with less myopia. The association between sleep duration and myopia was not significant (p = 0.199) for total (night + midday) sleep.



Myopia and disordered sleep were both common in this cohort, but we did not find consistent evidence for an association between the two.
Polymeric versus elemental diet as primary treatment in active Crohn's disease: a randomized, double-blind trial

Enteral feeding is now an established primary therapy for active Crohn's disease. This first-double blind randomized trial was designed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of a polymeric diet (PD) with an elemental diet (ED).METHODS:Patients with active Crohn's disease (Crohn's disease activity index [CDAI] > 150, increased bowel uptake of Tc-HMPAO–labeled leukocytes, and abnormal C-reactive protein [CRP]), were randomized to receive either an ED or a PD. The two preparations were identical except for the nitrogen source, which was amino acid based in ED and intact protein in PD. Enteral feeding was considered successful if clinical remission was achieved as defined by a final CDAI of ≤ 150, a reduction in the CDAI by at least 100 points from baseline level, and a normal CRP.RESULTS:Twenty-one patients were enrolled of whom 11 were randomized to PD and 10 to ED. The two groups were comparable at entry. Clinical remission was obtained in eight (80%) patients receiving ED and six (55%) patients receiving PD, p = 0.1. The treatment failed in three and two patients in the PD and ED groups, respectively. Another two patients were intolerant to the feed (PD). Reduction in the CDAI after treatment with ED (359 ± 67 to 112 ± 19) was similar to that seen with PD (303 ± 27 to 97 ± 11). Similar changes in the CRP were also observed (16 ± 5 to 4 ± 1.6) and (62 ± 20 to 9 ± 6), respectively. Overall, enteral feeding was successful in 14 patients (63%).CONCLUSIONS:Enteral nutrition is effective in treatment of active Crohn's disease. Differences in nitrogen sources of enteral feeds are not relevant to their therapeutic efficacy, as polymeric and elemental diets are equally effective.
Validation of the French Version of the Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index: Psychometric Properties in French Speaking School-Aged Children

Although the reliable and valid Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI) is a widely used measure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children, it has not been validated in French-speaking populations. The present study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the CPTS-RI in three samples of French-speaking school-children.



Data was obtained from three samples. Sample 1 was composed of 106 children (mean (SD) age = 11.7(0.7), 50% females) victims of an industrial disaster. Sample 2 was composed of 50 children (mean (SD) age = 10.8(2.6), 44% females) who had received an orthopaedic surgical procedure after an accident. Sample 3 was composed of 106 children (mean (SD) age = 11.7(2.2), 44% females) admitted to an emergency department after a road traffic accident. We tested internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. We examined test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient. In order to assess the convergent validity of the French version of the CPTS-RI and the Clinician Administered PTS Scale-Child and Adolescent (CAPS-CA), spearman-correlation coefficient was computed. To verify the validity of the cut-off scores, a ROC curve was constructed which evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of each score compared to the diagnosis with the CAPS-CA. We also used principal components analysis with varimax rotation to study the structure of the French version of the CPTS-RI.



Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.87 for the French version of the CPTS-RI. Two-week test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (n = 30) was 0.67. The French version of the CPTS-RI was well correlated with the CAPS-CA (r = 0.76, p < 0.001). Taking the CAPS-CA as the diagnostic reference, with a diagnostic cut-off of >24 for the CPTS-RI, the sensitivity and specificities were 100% and 62.6%, respectively. The French version of the CPTS-RI demonstrated a three-factor structure.



The CPTS-RI is reliable and valid in French-speaking children.
Cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (CyBorD) induction for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: High response rates in a phase II clinical trial

We have studied a three-drug combination with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (CyBorD) on a 28-day cycle in the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients to assess response and toxicity. The primary endpoint of response was evaluated after four cycles. Thirty-three newly diagnosed, symptomatic patients with MM received bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 4, 8 and 11, cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 orally on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 and dexamethasone 40 mg orally on days 1–4, 9–12 and 17–20 on a 28-day cycle for four cycles. Responses were rapid with a mean 80% decline in the sentinel monoclonal protein at the end of two cycles. The overall intent to treat response rate (⩾ partial response) was 88%, with 61% of very good partial response or better (⩾VGPR) and 39% of complete/near complete response (CR/nCR). For the 28 patients who completed all four cycles of therapy, the CR/nCR rate was 46% and VGPR rate was 71%. All patients undergoing stem cell harvest had a successful collection. Twenty-three patients underwent stem cell transplantation (SCT) and are evaluable through day 100 with CR/nCR documented in 70% and ⩾VGPR in 74%. In conclusion, CyBorD produces a rapid and profound response in patients with newly diagnosed MM with manageable toxicity.
The pharmacological basis for the combination of calcium channel antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension.

IMPROVING THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION: The results of basic and clinical research in hypertension over the last 30 years have shown that this disease cannot be treated merely by inducing vasodilation and a fall in blood pressure. The development of high blood pressure is associated with changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and with the development of organ damage, mainly of the heart and kidneys. It is now clear that different elements of blood pressure control mechanisms can lead to hypertension, emphasizing the need to select the appropriate type of hypertensive drug in treating different patients. COMBINATION OF CALCIUM CHANNEL ANTAGONISTS AND ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORS: Calcium channel antagonists and ACE inhibitors have synergistic effects on sodium and fluid balance and on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Thus a combination of these two antihypertensive drug classes is likely to be beneficial in certain subgroups of patients with hypertension. Large clinical trials are needed to determine whether this is indeed the case.