nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Indeterministic quantum gravity. 2. Refinements and developments

This paper is a continuation of the paper [V.S.Mashkevich, gr-qc/9409010]. Indeterministic quantum gravity is a theory that unifies general relativity and quantum theory involving indeterministic conception, i.e., quantum jumps. By the same token the theory claims to describe all the universe. 
Spacetime is the direct product of cosmic time and space. The state of the universe is given by metric, its derivative with respect to cosmic time, and the number of an energy level. A quantum jump occurs at the tangency of two levels. Equations of motion are the restricted Einstein equation (the cosmic space part thereof) and a probability rule for the quantum jump. 
Keywords: indeterminism, quantum jumps, state vector reduction, cosmology, cosmic spacetime
'Hamlet' in the Stalin Era and Beyond: Stage and Score/Les mises en scène et mises en musique d’Hamlet à l’ère stalinienne et après

Hamlet has long been an inseparable part of Russian national identity. Staging Hamlet in Russia during the Stalin era, however, presented particular problems connected with the ideological framework imposed on the arts and culture as well as with Stalin’s own negative perceived view of the tragedy. The two major productions of Hamlet in Russia during this period were those directed by Nikolai Akimov (1932) and Sergei Radlov (1938). Thorough re-examination of these productions, as undertaken in the central chapters of this dissertation, reveals much previously unknown detail about their conception, realisation, reception and afterlife. It highlights the importance of the role of music composed for them by Dmitry Shostakovich and Sergei Prokofiev, respectively, and it suggests a complex interaction of individual and institutional agendas. This work has been made possible by numerous visits to Russian archives, which contain invaluable documents such as production books and stenographic reports of discussions, previously unreferenced in Western scholarship. These central chapters are preceded by a historical overview of Hamlet in Russia and of music and Shakespeare in general. They are followed by a survey of major adaptations of Hamlet in the late-Stalin era and beyond, concentrating on those with significant musical contributions. The outcome is a richer and more complex account of the familiar image of Hamlet as a mirror of Russian/Soviet society.
Optical and Structural Properties of Nio Thin Films

A simple and inexpensive spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) was employed to deposit nickel oxide NiO thin films from hydrated nickel chloride salt solution on to glass substrate. The effect of thickness and molari- ties of sprayed solution on structural, optical and electrical properties was studies using X-ray diffraction (XRD) , optical absorption and hall effect .it is found that increase in film thickness crystalline of the film, consequently the band gap energy increase from 3.1 to 3.4 eV , electrical properties of NiO films show that the films thickness 100 nm have con- ductivity of n-type, while the films have 300 nm thickness have conductivity of p-type.
The Social Economics of Globalization

There is general agreement on the moral values that globalization should serve. These are widespread prosperity and economic growth, ecological sustainability, and cultural diversity. Proponents believe that neoliberal globalization will achieve these goals, while the critics believe that globalization undermines them. An institutionalist theory that recognizes the reality of economic power and choice posits that globalization enhances the power of the business sector at the expense of the government and moral–cultural sectors. Policies for redressing this imbalance are discussed.
Failed Abstraction – The Problem of Uno Kōzō’s Reading of Marx’s Theory of the Value Form

AbstractUno Kōzō (1897–1977) was Japan’s foremost Marxian economist. His critique of Marx’s method in Capital, especially regarding the ‘premature’ introduction of value-form analysis in Volume I, motivated him to rewrite all three volumes of Capital in his book The Principles of Political Economy ( Uno’s increasing popularity in international Marx research, I will present a critical paper that looks at a fundamental misunderstanding in Uno’s reading of the value form. In what is one of the most significant discussions of the value form in postwar Japan, Uno argues that ‘value’ and money as its ‘bearer’ cannot be understood in abstraction from personal interaction and human wants in commodity exchange. By drawing on the Japanese documents and supporting the view of Uno’s rival Kuruma Samezō (1893–1982), I want to show that it can, and how Marx understood the ‘law of value’ as a non-personal law of social domination.
Limiting Possibilities of Resource Exchange Process in Complex Open Microeconomic System

A problem on extreme performance of microeconomic system with several firms is considered. Each firm aspires to increase the profit. Flows of the good between the firms determine the structure of the system. So, sequential structure corresponds to intermediaries (dealers) operating in the market, parallel structure corresponds to competition in the market. The system at issue is an open economic system because of presence of external flows from the sources described by a distribution of the value of the good. The problem is solved for the basic structures: maximal profit and corresponding prices are found for each firm. Classification-ACM-1998: J.4; Social and behavioral sciences - Sociology
Prevalence of psychotropic medication use among cosmetic and medical dermatology patients: a comparative study.

Little is known about the psychologic status of cosmetically oriented dermatology patients.



We sought to determine the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among such patients to offer insight into the rates of psychopathology in this group.



We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients seeking consultation at a cosmetic dermatology practice, recorded patients' use of psychotropic medicines, and compared this with data from a control group of medical dermatology patients.



Both groups reported rates of psychotropic medication use above those expected in the general population. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of psychotropic drug use between cosmetic (18%) and medical (17%) dermatology patients.



There is not a one-to-one correspondence between psychotropic medication use and the presence of psychopathology. Data are based on patient health histories and, thus, may be subject to underreporting.



There is a relatively high rate of psychotropic drug use among all patients seeking care from dermatologists, but this does not appear to be more common among patients interested in undergoing cosmetic procedures.
The Rise of the Non‐Metaphysical Hegel

There has been a resurgence of interest in Hegel's thought by Anglo-American philosophers in the last 25 years. That expansion of interest was initiated with the publication of Charles Taylor's Hegel (1975). That work stills stands as one of7 the important branches of Hegel interpretation. However the dominance of the strongly metaphysical interpretation of Hegel, which dominated the understanding of Hegel until the 1980s, and of which Taylor's work represents the culmination, has now, at least among the major interpreters of Hegel, given way to what has come to be known as the non-metaphysical reading of Hegel. This article charts the emergence and development of the non-metaphysical Hegel, which takes his thought to be a continuation of the Kantian project of critically examining the presuppositions of any normative claim. This article provides an overview of the latest developments in Hegel research, primarily focusing on the English-language literature. Recent research has placed Hegel's concerns at the centre of contemporary debates in analytic philosophy, particularly concerning the status of norms, the ‘space of reasons’ and the ‘myth of the given’. This research has in turn been influential on the two most important figures in English-language Hegel scholarship (Robert Pippin and Terry Pinkard). The article will position this new wave of Hegel scholarship and its influence in relation to the metaphysical interpretation of Hegel and will also provide a brief overview of Hegel's reception in French post-structuralism, which has largely accepted and promoted a view of Hegel as a metaphysician.
Projective Test Use Among School Psychologists A Survey and Critique

The use of projective techniques by school psychologists has been a point of interest and debate, with a number of survey studies documenting usage. The purpose of this study is to update the status of projective use among school psychologists, with a specific focus on their use in the social emotional assessment of children in schools. In addition to gathering information about the frequency of use, this study provides information about the types of assessment activities in which the assessments are used and practitioner’s perception of the utility of specific instruments. Results indicate that school psychologists view projective assessments as moderately useful and that they continue to use projectives across grades and for a variety of educational purposes, including eligibility determination and intervention development. Results are discussed critically in the context of previous research.
The Leeuwenhoek Lecture: Microbial Genetics: Retrospect and Prospect

I wonder whether Anthony van Leeuwenhoek would have considered me as an appropriate choice for this lecture. For the past six years my interests have been in the rather unmanageable field of the genetics of cultured human somatic cells. These cells are animalcules only because we make them so. I can therefore look at the genetics of micro-organisms as an outsider, admittedly not wholly dispassionate. This is a pleasant task, because if there is a field of biology which has made great, unexpected and illuminating advances since 1940, this is it. Genetic analysis up to that time consisted in deducing the genetic constitution (‘genotype’) of an individual, which underlies its relevant somatic characters (‘phenotype’), from the distribution of these characters among its ascendants and its descendants. It therefore required the analysis of the results of breeding— experimental or not—and was limited to organisms with sexual reproduction. It was particularly illuminating in those multicellular organisms in which there is a clear distinction between germ cells (‘gametes’) and soma. Here, short of a preformistic process, it is clear that we can distinguish between determinants of hereditary characters and the characters themselves.
Analityczna epistemologia religii ostatnich pięciu dekad

Peplinski Marek 
Title: ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION IN THE LAST FIFTY YEARS (Analityczna epistemologia religii ostatnich pieciu dekad) 
Source: Filo-Sofija 
year: 2011,  2011/4, pages: 919-938 
 ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION; EVIDENTIALISM, NATURAL THEOLOGY, WITTGENSTEINIAN FIDEISM, REFORMED EPISTEMOLOGY,  PLANTINGA, W. ALSTON, A. KENNY, J. HICK, R. SWINBURNE, B. MITCHELL 
Discipline: PHILOSOPHY 
Language: POLISH 
Document type: ARTICLE 
Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): 
E-mail: 
www: 
 There are three chief aims of the paper. First, it presents in short the beginning of the analytic philosophy of religion, its development, issues, and methods. Second, it puts forward a hypothesis that in the last five decades analytic philosophy of religion has been dominated by the epistemological paradigm, i.e. in most cases, any problem in question has been studied as part of the general problem of rationality of religious belief. That situation is changing slowly towards achieving more balance between the issues of epistemology of religion and those concerned with philosophical theology. Third, the paper provides criteria for the classification of the different ways to understand the rationality of religious belief: the rationalistic and evidentialist approach, the natural theology approach, the Wittgensteinian fideism and Reformed epistemology approaches. A brief description of each of those four positions in epistemology of religion is included.
Frontiers in host-parasite ecology and evolution.

Host–parasite interactions have long been recognized as a major force in ecology (Elton 1927) and evolution (Haldane 1949). The effects of parasitism are considered instrumental in influencing fundamental aspects of host biology, including host behaviour, the evolution of sex, variation in mating systems and life history strategies, sex ratio variation, population regulation, invasion dynamics, the maintenance of genetic diversity and the evolution of immune genes and organization of immunological responses (Anderson & May 1978; Hamilton 1980; Poulin 2007; Schmid-Hempel 2010). Conversely, the fitness of a parasite is completely dependent on its success at infecting and reproducing in a host and so interactions with the host can determine the size of parasite populations and shape the evolution of parasite genomes. These antagonistic interactions have taken centre stage in much of ecological and evolutionary theory and this position will be enhanced as postgenomics resources and technologies are utilized to explore the causes and consequences of host–parasite interaction. In this special issue, we highlight emerging areas of research in host–parasite ecology and evolution that are enabled by novel molecular and postgenomic approaches, including work in natural systems of ecological relevance. For vertebrates, the need to defend against infection has given rise to the complexity of the adaptive immune system, with different arms of the immune system activated in response to different types of infection (e.g. viral, bacterial or helminthic), and with cytokine signalling molecules mediating the regulation of these different immune arms. While medical and laboratory immunologists have developed assays that provide tremendous mechanistic insight into the com-
Chromite Deposits in Central Part Stillwater Complex, Sweet Grass County, Montana

The chromite deposits of the central part of the Stillwater complex lie in a belt 9 miles long between the valleys of Boulder River and the West Fork of the Stillwater River in Sweet Grass County, Mont. The chromite occurs as layers near the middle part of the ultramafic zone in the lower part of the complex. The layers, originally horizontal, have been tilted so that they dip northeastwards at angles ranging from nearly horizontal to nearly vertical, and are cut by many cross faults, the largest with a horizontal offset of 3,000 feet. Investigations by the United States Geological Survey and the United States Bureau of Mines have shown that in this belt there are 5 sections ranging in length from 850 to 3,800 feet along the strike where the continuity and grade of the chromite can be reasonably inferred.
Influence of cosmological transitions on the evolution of density perturbations

We study the influence of the reheating and equality transitions on superhorizon density perturbations and gravitational waves. Recent criticisms of the "standard result" for large-scale perturbations in inflationary cosmology are rectified. The claim that the "conservation law" for the amplitude of superhorizon modes was empty is shown to be wrong. For sharp transitions, i.e. the pressure jumps, we rederive the Deruelle-Mukhanov junction conditions. For a smooth transition we comet a result obtained by Grishchuk recently. We show that the junction conditions are not crucial, because the pressure is continuous during the reheating transition. The problem occurred because the perturbed metric was not evolved correctly through the smooth reheating transition. Finally, we derive the "standard result" within Grishchuk's smooth (reheating) transition.
Energy and mass spectroscopy studies during triode ion plating of TiN films in two different layouts

Plasma properties are compared in two triode ion-plating systems using a low-voltage arc discharge. The systems differ in the configuration of the chamber and magnetic field. Mass and energy distributions of positive ions during deposition of TiN films were measured by an energy-resolved mass spectrometer. Plasma parameters were determined also by Langmuir probe diagnostics. In both systems, single and multiple charged ions of Ar and N 2 gas and the evaporated Ti were detected. The system with a strong magnetic field confinement exhibits a higher plasma potential ( U p =55 V) under standard deposition conditions, the peak ion energy is higher and the energy distribution is narrower than in the system without magnetic confinement ( U p =12 to 35 V). The probability for the multiple charged ions in this system is much higher than in the system without the magnetic confinement, so the population of Ti ++ in this system is even higher than that of Ti + . The presence of high-energy neutral Ti is also observed.
Gewetenloze kapitalisten, handige fiscalisten, strategische huisvaders of gedisciplineerde calvinisten? De Nederlandse Republiek als casestudy

Glete, War and the state in early modern Europe. Spain, the Dutch Republic and Sweden as fiscal-military states, 1500-1660 L. Greenfeld, The spirit of capitalism. Nationalism and economic growth Ph.S. Gorski, The disciplinary revolution. Calvinism and the rise of the state in early modern Europe J. Adams, The familial state. Ruling families and merchant capitalism in early modern Europe. Marjolein ’t Hart, Ruthless capitalists, skilful fiscalists, strategic fathers or disciplined Calvinists? The Dutch Republic as a case study This article discusses four recent works by historical sociologists that use the Dutch Republic as a case-study in their comparative work. In studying large-scale processes such as state formation, economic growth and military development they highlight the importance of the interaction between central and local levels of government. The ‘bottom-up’ approach adopted by Adams (familial networks), Gorski (church disciplining), Greenfeld (orientation of entrepreneurs) and Glete (interests of local elites and organizations) is once again placed high of the research agenda. The Dutch Republic serves quite well as an interesting case from a comparative perspective.
Enlightenment geography : the political languages of British geography, 1650-1850

List of Figures Acknowledgements Effacing and Recovering the History of Geography The Sphere of Geography and the Realm of Politics in Britain, c.1650-1850 'Geography is Twinned with Divinity': The Lauduan Geography of Peter Heylyn, 1621-57 John Ogilby and the Iconographic Roads to a Restored Royalist Geography, c.1660-75 The Political and Geographical Appropriations of Edmund Bohun, 1684-1710 Edmund Gibson's Edition of Britannia: Loyalist Chorography and the Politics of Precedent, 1695-1722 Varieties of Orthodox Geography, 1700-50: Three Vignettes: Echard, Wells and Salmon The Denominational Politics of Travel Writing: The Case of Tory Anglicans in the 1770s The Scottish Enlightenment and British Geography (I): Guthrie and Pinkerton, c.1770-1802 On the Cusp of Modern Geography: Fieldwork and Textuality in the Career of James Rennell, 1764-1830 The Scottish Enlightenment and British Geography (II): James Bell and J.P. McCulloch, 1830-50 Coda: Halford Mackinder and the Empire of 'New' Political Geography, c.1887-1919 Enlightenments and Geography: Continuity and Change in the Politics of Early Modern British Geography, c.1550-1850 Notes Bibliography Index
Greener Pastures: Outside Options and Strategic Alliance Withdrawal

Departing from prior work that demonstrates the stickiness and stability of alliance networks resulting from embeddedness, we extend matching theory to study firms' withdrawal from alliances. Viewing alliance withdrawal as a result of firms' pursuit of more promising alternative partners outside options rather than failures in collaboration, we predict that a firm is more likely to withdraw from an alliance when there is a higher density of outside options that have better match quality than the current partners. We also propose that, because matching is two-sided, outside options have a greater impact on a firm's withdrawal when they are more likely to initiate new alliances. Using data on alliances in the global liner shipping industry, we show that, controlling for internal tensions in the alliance, outside options predict alliance withdrawals. Thus, despite the alliance stickiness and stability, firms alter their alliances in response to the availability of promising outside options, even leaving alliances that appear successful.
Does business planning facilitate the development of new ventures

Many prior researchers have criticized business planning, arguing that it interferes with the efforts of firm founders to undertake more valuable actions to develop their fledgling enterprises. In this paper, we challenge this negative view of business planning, arguing that business planning is an important precursor to action in new ventures. By helping firm founders to make decisions, to balance resource supply and demand, and to turn abstract goals into concrete operational steps, business planning reduces the likelihood of venture disbanding and accelerates product development and venture organizing activity. Empirically, we examine 223 new ventures initiated in the first 9 months of 1998 by a random sample of Swedish firm founders and provide support for our hypotheses.
Hospital re-admission associated with adverse drug reactions in patients over the age of 65 years

ContextAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) are responsible for 5 % of hospital admissions, but hospital re-admission induced by ADRs remains poorly documented.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate the rate of hospital re-admission and the factors associated with re-admission in the patients over the age of 65 years. Secondary, we described the characteristics of cases of ADRs leading to re-admission for drugs other than chemotherapy agents.MethodsData were extracted from hospital discharge summaries provided by the Department of Medical Information of Toulouse University Hospital. All patients over the age of 65 years admitted to the hospital in 2010 for an ADR, identified from ICD-10 codes, were selected. All subsequent admissions of members of this cohort within 1 year of discharge following the index admission were reviewed retrospectively. The risk factors associated with hospital re-admission for ADRs were analyzed. Medical records were used for descriptive analysis of re-admission due to drugs other than chemotherapy agents.ResultsWe found that 553 of the 1000 patients admitted for ADRs in 2010 were re-admitted to hospital within 1 year. Among them, 87 cases were re-admitted for ADRs (estimated rate of 87/1000 re-admission for an ADR within 1 year). A comparison of the patients re-admitted for ADRs (n = 87) with those of patients re-admitted for other causes (n = 410) suggested that only cancer increased the risk of re-admission for ADRs (OR = 7.69 [4.59–12.88] 95 % CI). ADRs due to the same drug combination were the suspected cause of repeat admission in half the cases (other than chemotherapy). Hospital re-admission was considered avoidable in four cases (22 %).ConclusionThis study shows an estimated rate of re-admission for an ADR around 87/1000 within 1 year, and the same drug combination were the suspected cause of repeat admission in half the cases. At least, 11 % of cases were avoidable.