nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Writing with a Vengeance: The Countess de Chabrillan's Rise from Prostitution

Writing with a Vengeance examines the life and works of a nineteenth-century French courtesan, Celeste Venard, later the Countess de Chabrillan. A notorious Paris courtesan, Chabrillan married into the nobility, taught herself to write (penning two series of memoirs) and, upon being widowed, wrote novels to support herself - ten, between 1857 and 1885. These novels and memoirs constitute exceptional literary and historical documents, particularly as very few sex workers before the twentieth century have left written records of their lives. Writing with a Vengeance intertwines the courtesan's autobiographical account of the horrors of her life on the streets with that era's political, medical, and cultural discourses surrounding prostitution. Though French society both silenced and refused to pardon the prostitute, Carol Mossman's literary analysis of Chabrillan's novels contends that it is through the process of writing itself that she arrived at self-forgiveness and ultimately refashioned for her damaged self a new identity and narrative.
The ‘Renaissance of the University’ in the European knowledge society: An exploration of principled and governmental approaches

A ‘renaissance of the university’ in the European knowledge society is regarded today as a necessity. However, there is an ongoing debate about what that renaissance should look like. The aim of this article is to take a closer look at these debates, and in particular, the disputes related to the public role of the (future) university in the European knowledge society. The aim however is not to assess the validity of the arguments of each of the protagonists but to place the discussion within a broader socio-historical context. From a genealogical point of view, and drawing upon the work of Foucault and Hunter, it is possible to distinguish two kinds of milieu, each embodying their own “intellectual technology” and each leading to a specific conception of the public role of the university: firstly the principled milieu (with the persona of the academic as critical intellectual), and secondly the governmental milieu (with the persona of the state official or governmental expert). From this genealogical point of view, I will argue that the modern (research) university was from the very beginning a hybrid institution due to the claims and scopes of both milieus. Furthermore, I will argue that the current discussions reveal the ongoing influence of both milieus and their respective gazes and approaches.
Three beneficiaries of project-oriented education in power electronics

Power Electronics education at the University of Liege exhibits a particular feature, in that a person from industry is directly involved in the teaching of the introductory Power Electronics course since academic year 2007-2008. Together with him, we teach this subject making use of a project-oriented method. After two years of this experience, it is now of great interest to analyze the main benefits of this method for the students, the teaching team at the University and the company involved in the teaching process. In this paper we present through an example the method that is being used. We mention some interesting technical problems encountered by the students during their project work. We also present the evolution of the method from the first year of application in 2007-2008 to the forthcoming third year in 2009-2010.
A Bulk Study of Homoepitaxy

We present preliminary results aimed at investigating the effects of variation in temperature on the epitaxial growth of thin films of single elements and multilayers. In this paper we present results of a cross-sectional electron microscopy study of films in which good epitaxy has been established and then the deposition temperature has been significantly reduced (for example to 30°C from 120°C). The main objective was to study the nature of the low temperature limit of layer by layer epitaxy and the degree of roughening as a function of the deposition conditions with an emphasis on the kinetics of the process.
Taking care of the little things: preparation of the pediatric endoscopy patient.

The practice of pediatric endoscopy offers unique challenges in both the physiological and emotional well-being of children and their families. Successful procedures result in part from providing thorough preprocedure education and preparation. Staff preparing these patients must be knowledgeable about the developmental and physiological needs of each age group of patients entrusted into their care. Awareness and understanding of the developmental approaches to their care is essential to provide positive outcomes for children and their families. This article discusses preparation of the child undergoing endoscopic procedures and interventions to assist in positive outcomes.
Dionysos in classical Athens : an understanding through images

Dionysos, with his following of satyrs and women, was a major theme in a big part of the figure painted pottery in 500-300 B.C. Athens. As an original testimonial of their time, the imagery on these vases convey what this god meant to his worshippers. It becomes clear that he was not only appropriate for wine, wine indulgence, ecstasy and theatre. Rather, he was presenton many, both happy and sad, occasions. The vase painters have emphasized different aspects of Dionysos for their customers inside and outside of Athens, depending on the political and cultural situation.
Optimization of the Processing Parameters of High Temperature Superconducting Glass-Ceramics: Center Director's Discretionary Fund Final Report

A number of promising glass forming compositions of high Tc superconducting Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) materials were evaluated for their glass-ceramic crystallization ability. The BSCCO ceramics belonging to the class of superconductors in the Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system were the focus of this study. By first forming the superconducting material as a glass, subsequent devitrification into the crystalline (glass-ceramic) superconductor can be performed by thermal processing of the glass preform body. Glass formability and phase formation were determined by a variety of methods in another related study. This study focused on the nucleation and crystallization of the materials. Thermal analysis during rapid cooling aids in the evaluation of nucleation and crystallization behavior. Melt viscosity is used to predict glass formation ability.
The Dynamics of Innovative Activity and Competitive Advantage: The Case of Australian Retail Banking, 1981 to 1995

This study examines the adoption of new products and processes in the Australian retail banking industry over the 1981 to 1995 period. Our analysis demonstrates that the vast majority of observed innovative activity was based on ideas sourced from outside the focal firm, and that innovations diffused very quickly across competing banks. As such, there were no periods during which any bank had proprietary possession of a major product or process innovation. We therefore ask how the banks' innovative activity could affect their relative financial performance positions. We answer this question by developing a set of hypotheses that relate specific features of their histories of innovative activity to their current financial performance. These hypotheses are tested using a detailed data set describing 1,297 modifications made to products and services, distribution technologies, and back-office processes within a sample of Australian retail banks over the sample period. Our results provide support for the general position that establishing an attractive competitive position depends on the specific history of a firm's innovative activity. Banks that undertook more innovative activity, that were more consistent in that activity, and whose composition of activity was somewhat differentiated from the industry norm tended to display superior financial performance. Rather than looking solely for internally generated, inimitable innovations to deliver competitive advantage, these results suggest that active and consistent innovative activity that is somewhat differentiated from competitors can also deliver superior financial performance.
Control of enzyme properties in supramolecular systems.

The study deals with stability and activity of enzymes in supramolecular systems. Acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) has been studied as model enzyme. The organic phase is rich in C2-C4 acetates. Didodecyldimethylammonium chloride (DD-DACl) has been mainly used as ionic surfactants. The rate of enzyme inactivation is smaller than in buffer and is less dependent on storage temperature. Specific activity of the enzyme is lowered because of a less affinity towards the substrate and of reduction of maximal velocity.
Trust and Confidence: History, Theory and Socio-Political Implications

Even before trust became a buzzword, theoretical developments were made, which have instigated the development of two forms of trust which are described as personal trust and system trust/confidence. However, this distinction remained rather secondary in the overall literature. There is an overall lack on the historical developments of these forms of trust, their internal logic and how they interlink, overlap, or work against each other. The paper aims to advance these three aspects: first through a historical overview of the semantic of this distinction, followed by a theoretical reconstruction of the historical material and third by demonstrating how these theoretical concepts can be applied to political crises (Revolutions of 1989), thus revealing their logic and mutual interlocking.
Determination of band gap in polycrystalline Si/Ge thin film multilayers

The valence band (VB) photoemission supported by ultraviolet–visible–near infrared spectroscopy techniques were used to determine the band gap values of polycrystalline Si and Ge single layers as well as of Si/Ge multilayer structures. The band gap values obtained from VB photoemission measurements for these structures were found to be much larger than their corresponding bulks and to match well with those determined from standard optical absorption measurements. In each case, the VB offset values were obtained by considering the corresponding VB maximum as a reference. The increase in band gap in case of thin single layers of Si and Ge with respect to bulks were interpreted in terms of quantum confinement effect, while in case of multilayer sample, the effect of various factors such as (i) intermixing leading to the formation of SiGe alloy, (ii) roughness at the interface, (iii) particle size, and (iv) strain seem to play an important role in the observed change in band gap.
Background and Context of the Study

This chapter provides the necessary background and context for the study. Australia and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states have a long history of trade and investment activities between them. Trade and investment have evolved gradually over the years. However, the acceleration of globalisation and the resulting changes taking place in the structure of the world economy have led many small economies such as Australia and the GCC states to engage strategically with their trading partners in order to remain an integral part of the global economy. Australia and GCC started to negotiate a free trade agreement (FTA) in 200J with negotiations slowing down for a number of years. Recently, Australia has shown a strong determination to conclude a successful FTA with the GCC. Such a prospect raises a number of interesting questions regarding the potential benefits of a successful Australia-GCC FTA which is the subject of this research.
Дантовские мотивы в творчестве М. Ю. Лермонтова

Nature in M. Yu. Lermontov's creativity has a significant place, in his lyric poetry it lives and acts on a par with a human, it is not only the background where lyric events take place but also an independent, thinking and sensible "hero". It looks so natural that the other variant would be impossible for M. Yu. Lermontov, because he felt subtly his affinity with it and he even called himself a son of the rudiments.
BiRank: Towards Ranking on Bipartite Graphs

The bipartite graph is a ubiquitous data structure that can model the relationship between two entity types: for instance, users and items, queries and webpages. In this paper, we study the problem of ranking vertices of a bipartite graph, based on the graph's link structure as well as prior information about vertices (which we term a query vector). We present a new solution, BiRank, which iteratively assigns scores to vertices and finally converges to a unique stationary ranking. In contrast to the traditional random walk-based methods, BiRank iterates towards optimizing a regularization function, which smooths the graph under the guidance of the query vector. Importantly, we establish how BiRank relates to the Bayesian methodology, enabling the future extension in a probabilistic way. To show the rationale and extendability of the ranking methodology, we further extend it to rank for the more generic n-partite graphs. BiRank's generic modeling of both the graph structure and vertex features enables it to model various ranking hypotheses flexibly. To illustrate its functionality, we apply the BiRank and TriRank (ranking for tripartite graphs) algorithms to two real-world applications: a general ranking scenario that predicts the future popularity of items, and a personalized ranking scenario that recommends items of interest to users. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate BiRank's soundness (fast convergence), efficiency (linear in the number of graph edges), and effectiveness (achieving state-of-the-art in the two real-world tasks).
Madres del verbo = Mothers of the word : early Spanish-American women writers : a bilingual anthology

These representative works by early Spanish American women writers are the first to be made available in a bilingual edition. The texts provide an overview of writers from the Colonial period to the nineteenth century. They include an exploration account, the vida of a mystic, an autobiography of a transvestite, poetry by Sor Juana Ins de la Cruz, essays, and two novellas. While all of the writers shared being white and literate, their life experiences were extremely diverse, and themes of repression, both personal and political, permeate the collection. Scott's introduction emphasises the networks of friendship and support among women writers that developed, especially in the nineteenth century. The new translations make many of these texts available to English-speaking readers for the first time.
Reading the public comment : the keystone XL pipeline and future of environmental writing

Reading the public comment : the keystone XL pipeline and future of environmental writing. Knowledge which goes so far as to accept horror in order to know it, reveals the horror of knowledge, its squalor, the discrete complicity which maintains it in relation with the most insupportable aspects of power. Not a Name " A desire for a social, political dimension in writing…has meant, in recent years, a conception of writing as politics, not writing about politics… Bruce Andrews " Poetry as Explanation, Poetry as Praxis " ii Nebraska's Sandhills, a cattle ranching region of grass-stabilized sand dunes and inter-dunal valleys, stretches 20,000-square miles across the north-central part of this Great Plains state—the equivalent of four Connecticuts. 1 It is the largest sand dune system in North America, and among the four largest on Earth. Despite its name, the region's riches – in ecosystems of ecology and economy – reside in water, not sand per se. Beneath the vast network of undulating sand dunes sprawls an equally vast hydrological network, including the largest freshwater aquifer in the world – the Ogallala aquifer, which supplies drinking water for eight states and about 30 percent of the groundwater used for irrigation in this country. 2 If geomorphology tells us to look at the relationship between topography and the geologic structures sustaining it – a surface and the infrastructure it's built upon-within – then to understand " the Sandhills " not just as a name and landscape but as a place represented in discourse and language, we need to understand the deep structures propping up the idea and image of 2 the Sandhills. They have been described, variously, as " fragile " 3 (for their rare sandy soil type—entisols), as " distinct " (home to 720 different plant species), as " mostly intact " 4 – and, as such, a place whose " ecosystem sensitivities " often dissuade cattle ranchers from overgrazing (so as to prevent erosion, ensuring sand-tolerant grass species their habitat). Very little of the Sandhills has been plowed (often, simply, because it's impossible: we're talking about sand, not soil). 5 …
Private Demand, Social Equity and Adult Education in Singapore

There are currently two views about the relationship between education and economic development. One rather narrow view treats education as an investment in people — in human capital — that raises productivity and national income just like investments in physical capital. Rational individuals invest in themselves when they see that private returns exceed private cost. Governments should invest in education that gives favourable social rates of returns. Their main function is to respond to the established pattern of demand for education. The second, and broader, view sees education not as a pure investment good, but as a powerful force that increases people's knowledge, changes their values and attitudes, and thus expanding their ability to absorb new technology. In this view, the expansion of educational opportunities is vital to the making of a modern society. Governments should provide education with the objective of creating a fully educated society — a society where everyone has at least ...
Improved structure stability, optical and magnetic properties of Ca and Ti co-substituted BiFeO3 nanoparticles

We report the optical and magnetic properties of single-crystalline Ca and Ti co-substituted bismuth ferrite, Bi 1-x Ca x Fe 1-x Ti x O 3 , nanoparticles, synthesized by a facile sol–gel methodology in the compositional range wherein 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations show that all samples possess a rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure with space group R3c. Ca and Ti co-substitution controls the formation of secondary phases and improved the stability of perovskite phase of BiFeO 3 . The average particle size was estimated by Williamson Hall plot, confirmed by TEM, and found to be about 59, 50, 46, 41, 40 and 38 nm of Bi 1-x Ca x Fe 1-x Ti x O 3 for x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25, respectively. The UV–vis absorption study reveal the strong absorption of visible light with a small optical band gap (1.77–2.25 eV) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25 indicates a possibility of utilizing for photocatalytic activities. The magnetic study at room-temperature displays the improved magnetization and coercive field in Bi 1-x Ca x Fe 1-x Ti x O 3 nanoparticles due to the release of the latent magnetization locked within the toroidal spin structure of BiFeO 3.
What Are Gay Men for

The question asked in the title is one that Mark Vernon takes from Michael Vasey's own writings on sexuality. Vernon notes that Vasey presents a clearly constructavist account of sexuality in which the nature and meaning of homosexuality will change with historical and social circumstances. This raises the question of what gay men might be for in contemporary society. In order to explore this question Vernon looks at the literature on friendship, drawing on the work of Aristotle and others. He aims to show that the kind of friendship experienced by and shown to others through gay men, is of a particular, perhaps disturbing, kind. It is from this position that Vernon answers Vasey's question by suggesting that gay men may be able to offer a prophetic message to contemporary society about the nature of friendship beyond, and within, the family structures of society.
Kimama Well - Photos

The Snake River Plain (SRP), Idaho, hosts potential geothermal resources due to elevated groundwater temperatures associated with the thermal anomaly Yellowstone-Snake River hotspot. Project HOTSPOT has coordinated international institutions and organizations to understand subsurface stratigraphy and assess geothermal potential. Over 5.9km of core were drilled from three boreholes within the SRP in an attempt to acquire continuous core documenting the volcanic and sedimentary record of the hotspot: (1) Kimama, (2) Kimberly, and (3) Mountain Home. The Kimama drill site was set up to acquire a continuous record of basaltic volcanism along the central volcanic axis and to test the extent of geothermal resources beneath the Snake River aquifer.  by project collaborator Doug Schmitt, University of Alberta
DISTRIBUTION EQUILIBRIUM OF LANTHANIDE(III) COMPLEXES WITH N-BENZOYL-N-PHENYLHYDROXYLAMINE IN SEVERAL INERT SOLVENT SYSTEMS

The distribution equilibrium of lanthanides(III) (Ln) with N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA, HL) in several inert solvent systems was studied. The representative lanthanides(III) (Yb, Eu and Pr) were all found to extract as self-adduct chelates of the form, LnL3(HL)m, (m = 1–3), containing a different number of neutral adduct molecules in extracted species. The differences in the number of neutral adduct molecules in extracted species with each solvents are attributed to the difference in the solvation trend for BPHA. The extraction constant and separation factor were determined in several inert solvent systems. It was found that the distribution ratio of lanthanide(III) tends to decrease with increases in the distribution constant of BPHA. Relationship between the polarity of the solvent and the extractability are also discussed.
C-1s NEXAFS spectroscopy reveals chemical fractionation of humic acid by cation-induced coagulation.

The influence of cation-induced coagulation on the chemical composition of dissolved and coagulated fractions of humic acid was investigated in batch coagulation experiments for additions of aluminum at pH 4 and 5, iron at pH 4, and calcium and lead at pH 6. The partitioning of organic carbon and metals was determined by analyzing total organic carbon and total metal contents of the dissolved phase. Both the dissolved and the coagulated humic acid fractions were characterized using synchrotron scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and C-1s near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Intensities of pi* transitions of carboxyl carbon and sigma* transitions of alkyl, O-alkyl, and carboxyl carbon decreased with increasing metal concentration for the dissolved humic acid fractions. This decrease was accompanied by an increase of the respective intensities in the coagulated fraction as shown for lead. Intensities of aromatic and phenolic carbon were affected to a larger extent only by aluminum and iron additions. The changes observed in the C-1s NEXAFS spectra coincided with an increasing removal of organic carbon from the dissolved phase with increasing total metal concentrations. We conclude that humic acid was chemically fractionated by cation-induced coagulation, which preferentially removed functional groups involved in metal-cation binding from solution.
Opinion piece: “Hearing the voices of young people!” Do we require more personal accounts from young people who have psychotic-like experiences?

First person accounts are recognised as important educational and self-exploratory approaches. However accounts from adolescents with psychotic-like experiences are largely absent in comparison to other areas of adolescent and adult psychiatry. In this opinion piece we discuss the importance of adolescent accounts and how they may be collected and used within and outside of mental health services.