nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Columbia gazetteer of the world

With over 170,000 entries, the Columbia Gazetteer of the World is an authoritative A to Z encyclopedia of geographical places and features. Whether you're looking for the ten highest mountain peaks in North America, the major commercial crops in Brazil's economy, all the rivers in Southeast Asia, the former name of the city of Yangon, or the natural resources available in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Gazetteer is the one-stop resource for all your information needs. First published in 1998, the Gazetteer now features new entries and extensive revisions to reflect recent administrative divisions in countries around the world. It also contains new maps, population figures, and an expanded glossary of geographical and geological terms. With its long history of accuracy and authority, there is no other encyclopedia like Gazetteer. The Columbia Gazetteer covers: * The political world-countries, provinces, regions, states, counties, capitals, cities, towns, villages, and neighborhoods.  The physical world-continents, oceans, seas, lakes, lagoons, rivers, bays, inlets, channels, and streams, along with islands, archipelagos, peninsulas, atolls, mountains, mountain ranges, canyons, deserts, valleys, and volcanoes.  And special places-national parks and monuments, historic and archaeological sites, harbors, ports, airports, nuclear plants, canals, and destinations of interest.
Conclusions: Can Environmental Planning Save the Oceans?

This chapter reiterates the main messages of this book. It also articulates fundamental definitions of the methods, tools and technologies used for environmental planning of oceans and coasts, the targeted benefits of their use, the possible pitfalls of implementation and how shortcomings can be overcome. Methods described include ecosystem-based management, ecosystem services and the precautionary principle; tools discussed are marine protected areas and pollution prevention policies; technologies briefly described include those aimed at improving communication about the coastal environment and decision support applications. Change, both in marine and coastal environments and in the field of environmental planning, is emphasized throughout.
Questions That Emerge in Dramaturgy in Motion

After seventeen-years as dramaturg with choreographer Ralph Lemon, Katherine Profeta understands the dramaturg’s role as a “quality of motion.” In the five compelling chapters of Dramaturgy in Motion—text and language, research, audience, movement, and interculturalism—Profeta’s writing mirrors “the dramaturg’s frequent travels from theory to practice and back again – until, in motion, the distinction blurs.”
The barycentric motion of the Sun and the test of general relativity using radio links with the Cassini spacecraft

The most precise test of general relativity in the solar system has been achieved in measurement of the frequency shift of radio waves to and from the Cassini spacecraft as they passed near the Sun. The relativistic model that was used to fit the Cassini data is based on an assumption that the Sun is static but, in fact, it moves around the barycenter of the solar system. We analyze the effect of this motion on the propagation of a radio wave passing closely to the solar limb and demonstrate that it contributes in a systematic way to the measured value of the PPN parameter γ characterizing deviation of gravity from a pure geometry. This our observation should stimulate re-processing of the relativistic Cassini experiment since the numerical value of γ = 1 + (2.1 ± 2.3) × 10 obtained by Bertotti, Iess & Tortora (2003) is affected by the barycentric motion of the Sun bringing about an uncertainty in γ − 1 amounting to ∼ 10. Moreover, we emphasize that by taking into account the motion of the Sun with respect to the barycenter of the Solar System we actually measure the gravimagnetic component of the gravitational field on the Sun caused by its orbital motion.
Do we have to fear tax competition among “new” and “old” European countries?

The purpose of this paper is to study both theoretically and empiricallytax competition in the enlarged EU and to provide someinsights on ongoing reforms concerning business taxation. We supportthe idea that even if one can observe cuts in "new" membersstatutory business tax rates, this should not result in fiercer taxcompetition between the "core" and "the "periphery" since infrastructureendowments and the existence of agglomeration rents inthe core of the EU may prevent (at least partially) activities to relocateto the "new" members.
The Religious Revolution in the Ivory Coast: The Prophet Harris and the Baptist Church

Walker's impressive study is the first to link Harris's background to the nature of his teachings and to discuss the dynamics of his movement's development. Harris not only articulated the confusion and desires of his followers but also created new aspirations by helping them see what they could achieve in their own society and in their relations with Europeans. Harris is the only evangelist in the history of the African continent to bring such numbers to Christianity.Originally published in 1983.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Leibniz's non-tensed theory of time

Leibniz's philosophy of time, often seen as a precursor to current forms of relationalism and causal theories of time, has rightly earned the admiration of his more recent counterparts in the philosophy of science. In this article, I examine Leibniz's philosophy of time from a new perspective: the role that tense and non-tensed temporal properties/relations play in it. Specifically, I argue that Leibniz's philosophy of time is best (and non-anachronistically) construed as a non-tensed theory of time, one that dispenses with tensed temporal properties such as past, present, and future. In arguing for this thesis, I focus on the three facets of Leibniz's philosophy most relevant for evaluating his commitment to a B-theory of time: (1) the nature of change, (2) the reality of the future, and (3) the truth-conditions for tensed temporal statements. Despite prima facie evidence to the contrary, I show that a close examination of Leibniz's views on these topics provides compelling evidence for interpreting his ...
Lp Norms and the Sinc Function

It's everywhere! It's everywhere! ... In this note we give elementary proofs of some of the striking asymptotic properties of the p-norm of the ubiquitous sinc function. Based on experimental evidence we conjecture some enticing further properties of the p-norm as a function of p. See, for example, http://www.carma.newcastle.edu.au/~jb616/oscillatory.pdf.
Middle America : its lands and peoples

1. Cultural Characteristics and Diversity of Middle America. 2. Physical Patterns of Middle America. 3. Geographic Parameters in West Indian History. 4. Economic Geography of the Present-Day West Indies. 5. Population and Political Geography of the Present-Day West Indies. 6.  The Hispanic Territories and Haiti. 7.  The Colonial Economy in Mexico and Central America. 11. The People and Economy of Modern Mexico. 12. Culture Regions in Mexico. 13. Main Characteristics of Present-Day Central America. 14.  The Northern Sector. 15.
Manufacturing and productive districts in Sicily between incentives and development

One hundred and fifty years after the unification of Italy, the Mezzogiorno and Sicily, in particular, continue to be severely lagging behind the rest of Italy and its most developed part. This paper focuses on the productive districts regarding the industry to the light of the first three years after the creation and recognition of these districts by the Sicilian Regional Administration and the expected expiry of the relative Patti di Sviluppo (Development Agreements). The first goal of the paper is to evaluate the coherence of these districts to the model of the ‘meta-district’ implicitly evoked in the regional legislation, and secondly whether the combination of incentives and development is a winning strategy for the industry and the development of the whole Sicilian economy.
Two-particle correlation from a relativistic fluid with a first order phase transition

We numerically calculate two-particle correlation functions of CERN-SPS 158 
A GeV Pb+Pb central collisions based on a (3+1)-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamics with a first order phase transition. We analyze the pair momentum dependence of pion source sizes extracted from the 
Yano-Koonin-Podgoretski\u{\i} (YKP) parametrization which is expected to give the source sizes directly. We find that, even in the case of the first order phase transition, the collective expansion and surface dominant freeze-out of the fluid naturally lead to the opaque source for which the interpretation of the temporal source parameter as the emission duration breaks down.
Synthesis/processing of lightweight metals

Using far from equilibrium synthesis, production of novel crystal structures and microstructures is possible, leading to enhanced physical and mechanical properties. A number of far from equilibrium techniques are briefly presented with emphasis on the amount of departure from equilibrium. Developments in systems in the aerospace, automobile and rolling stock (railway) arenas are reviewed and the importance of materials with improved performance emphasized. The ability of three advanced synthesis techniques, rapid solidification (RS), mechanical alloying (MA), and physical vapor deposition (PVD) to develop novel structures are discussed in detail.
Exploration and Practice of engineering ability development for department of electrical engineering

According to educating and training aim of ministry of education “outstanding engineers” and combining with professional characteristic of electrical subject, this paper introduces the “2+1+1” educating model of outstanding engineers for the department of electrical engineering and automation in Chongqing University of Technology(CQUT). The selecting principles and procedures of outstanding engineers are established, and the practical project of outstanding engineers training on electrical engineering and automation in CQUT is founded. As a result, the educating and training project of the department of electrical engineering and automation in CQUT is hoped to be continually perfected by exploration and practice.
Benefits and Applications of Cross-Pollination - Guest Editors' Introduction

0 7 4 0 7 4 5 9 / 0 0 / $ 1 0 . 0 0 © 2 0 0 0 I E E E The speed of this evolution is both a challenge and a risk. It’s wonderful to see so many new and never imagined applications, but three decades after the discipline’s emergence, our society heavily depends on software technology. The public and the discipline’s practitioners dramatically underestimated a software product’s lifetime. For example, no one budgeted for Y2K corrections, and the complete cost—probably exceeding tens of billions of dollars—is yet to be calculated. We rely on software without knowing it’s impacts. Occasionally, we stumble across a blue screen when we do not expect it and recognize loopholes that weaken our security. If we drive a car or fly in a plane. We accept that there are certain risks that have been calculated before, allowing us to consciously decide. Software is embedded and hidden from daily life, and in most cases, nobody completely assessed its impacts.
Short review of Yasuda-Shimada theorem and related topics

In this paper, we will present the past and the present situation of a very controversial topic in Finsler geometry: the necessary and sufficient conditions for a Randers space to be of constant curvature. The research on this subject started more than a quarter of century ago, but its final act was played only two years ago. Moreover, the history of Yasuda-Shimada theorem and few words on the life of Professor Yasuda are added. Finally miscellaneous topics studied by the Japanese group of Finsler geometers are reviewed.
Should smart investors buyfundswith high returns in the past

Newspapers and weekly magazines catering to the investing crowd often rank funds according to the returns generated in the past. Aside from satisfying sheer curiosity, these numbers are probably also the basis on which investors pick a fund to invest in. In this article, we fully characterize the equilibrium in a game between a mutual fund manager of unknown ability who controls the riskiness of his portfolio and investors who only observe realized returns. We derive conditions under which (i) investors invest in the fund if the realized return falls within some interval, ie., is neither too low nor too high, (ii) an informed fund manager picks a portfolio of minimal riskiness, (iii) an uninformed mutual fund manager will pick a portfolio with higher risk, ‘gambling’ on a lucky outcome and (iv), when the fee structure is endogenous, both types of manager choose the same fraction-of-fund fee structure. Our results are consistent with empirical evidence about the lack of persistence of top performance, and about the very wide use of fraction-of-fund fee structure among mutual funds.
The Political Events in South Iran During the First Half of the 8th Century (A.H.) Based on the New Found Inscriptions in Shāhugat: Makrān

The importance of inscriptions as the primary sources refer to historical events is undeniable. Introducing the Shāhugat inscriptions were found near Tābaktal village of Chāhān district around Nikshahr is the purpose of present paper. They refer to the events that occurred in south Iran around the end of the 7th and the beginning of the 8th centuries AH., a colorful and turbulent period of its history, some of which can be easily adapted to the historical sources. The invasion of Chagatai Mongols to Shiraz and Hormuz, the conflicts between the rulers of districts and southern islands such as Shiraz, Hormuz, kish and Qeshm to hold the roads and commercial interests are among the reasons that made some of the people to refuge the highlands of Makrān and subsequently led to these inscriptions.
[My experiences as editor and author in history journals (with a special emphasis in Past & Present)].

This text registers my thoughts on the editorial work done in academic journals in the area of history. These are made with special attention to the production on Latin America. The basis of my reflections are my participation in the editorial committee of Past & Present, one of the main history journals in the world, my research on the archives of this journal, and my knowledge of the processes of review and edition of journals devoted to Latin American history.
Strong Normalisation for a Gentzen-like Cut-Elimination Procedure

In this paper we introduce a cut-elimination procedure for classical logic, which is both strongly normalising and consisting of local proof transformations. Traditional cut-elimination procedures, including the one by Gentzen, are formulated so that they only rewrite neighbouring inference rules; that is they use local proof transformations. Unfortunately, such local proof transformation, if defined naively, break the strong normalisation property. Inspired by work of Bloo and Geuvers concerning the λx-calculus, we shall show that a simple trick allows us to preserve this property in our cut-elimination procedure. We shall establish this property using the recursive path ordering by Dershowitz.
Marxism : essential writings

This selection from the major writings of the most influential Marxist thinkers provides access to the sources of one of the most important ideologies of the twentieth century. Included here are statements of classical and contemporary Marxist theory, from Marx himself, through Engels, Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin, to Mao, Marcuse, Guevera and Cabral. Together these texts give a wide view of the Marxist tradition and of the varieties of contemporary Marxism. The editor has provided each excerpt with lists of further reading and with introductions putting the writers in their historical and political contexts.
Constraint on {delta}g(x) from {pi}0 production at RHIC

We determine the polarized gluon distribution {delta}g(x) by a global analysis using current DIS and {pi}0 asymmetry data. The {pi}0 data from RHIC-Spin experiments provide a strong constraint on {delta}g(x), so that its uncertainty is reduced. However, a sign problem appears in the analysis using {pi}0 data, which means that positive and negative distributions are allowed for {delta}g(x). These two types of solutions are discussed.
Rare earth element patterns of rocks from the centre 3 igneous complex, Ardnamurchan, Argyllshire

Systematic, differences in absolute abundancies and distribution patterns of rare earth elements are shown to exist for the main rock types of the third and final phase of the Tertiary igneous complex of Ardnamurchan. Published partition coefficients of the rare earth elements between crystals and host magmas of extrusive rocks have been used, together with modes of the Ardnamurchan rocks, to estimate the rare earth element patterns of the parent magmas. The results confirm that the basic rocks formed by crystal fractionation but that continued crystal fractionation from a single parent magma could not have formed the intermediate rocks.
Importance of Standards

Automation (DA) standards are desperately needed by government and industry. The need for standards has reached a critical threshold as evidenced by the intensity of interest in standards work. Key technical people from all sections of the engineering community are voicing their ideas, and cooperating on a scale never before witnessed.
Much progress has been made in standards development. This paper will discuss that work, some of the rationale behind the work, and the current status and accomplishments of one IEEE Standards Committee.
Nietzsche, Virtue and the Horror of Existence

Robert Solomon argues that Nietzsche is committed to a virtue ethic like Aristotle's. Solomon’s approach seems unaware of Nietzsche’s belief in the horror of existence. A life that contains as much suffering as Nietzsche expects a life to contain, could not be considered a good life by Aristotle. To go further, as Nietzsche does in his doctrines of eternal recurrence and amor fati, to advocate loving such a fate, to refuse to change the slightest detail, Aristotle would find debased. Nietzsche is committed to a virtue ethic, but not an Aristotelian one. I It has been argued that Nietzsche is committed to a virtue ethic. Solomon, for example, claims that Nietzsche is more like Aristotle than Kant. Aristotle’s ethics, he holds, is not one of rules and principles—especially not universal ones. It is concerned with excellence and is still involved with the Homeric warrior tradition. The purpose of such an ethic is to maximize people’s potential and that will always be unequal for
Foreign Direct Investment in the Banking Sector: Experiences and Lessons from CEECs

In this paper we use new statistics on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Transitional Economies (TEs) to analyze the issue of foreign ownership in the banking sector. We find that foreign investment is associated with higher profitability; however, a substantial foreign ownership is necessary if there is to be a positive effect on cost efficiency. We also analyze the determinants of FDI location choices in TEs providing new empirical evidence, and distinguishing among different levels of foreign partnership.
Quantum vacuum and accelerated expansion

A new approach to extraction of quantum vacuum energy, in the
 context of the accelerated expansion, is proposed, and it is shown
 that experimentally realistic orders of values can be derived. The
 idea has been implemented in the framework of the
 Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker geometry in the
 language of the effective action in the relativistic formalism of
 Schwinger's proper time and Seeley–DeWitt's heat kernel
 expansion.
Making the connection: programming with animated small world

In learning to program, students must gain an understanding of how their program works. They need to make a connection between what they have written and what the program actually does. Otherwise, students have trouble figuring out what went wrong when things do not work. One factor that contributes to making this connection is an ability to visualize a program's state and how it changes when the program is executed. In this paper, we present Alice, a 3-D interactive animation environment. Alice provides a graphic visualization of a program's state in an animated small world and thereby supports the beginning programmer in learning to construct and debug programs.
Paleomagnetic results from northern Maine - Reinterpretations

Recalculated tectonic corrections on early Devonian Dockendorff Group volcanics from northern Maine do not pass a fold test. Reflected light petrographic examination of samples from all sites reveals extensive low temperature alteration of oxides, with abundant secondary sphene and maghemite. It appears that the preserved magnetism in these rocks is post Acadian folding. The new pole position for this location is 23.5°N and 86.7°E (38 samples from 4 sites, alpha-95=7.2°). The recalculated pole position is different from published poles for both stable North American and for the proposed Avalon micro-continent.
Urban soil and water leaching processes: implications for human and environmental health

In Europe, numerous urban sites exist where top layers of soil are enriched in potentially toxic elements. The land uses in urban environment are a matter of concern for human health and food security in cities, also in the context of the growing trend in Europe and elsewhere for using urban soil to grow food [1][2]. Nonetheless, the risk to the subsoil and groundwater may be minimal, depending on the nature and chemistry of the constituents released, as well as on the local conditions [e.g. climate, soil type, chemical conditions (pH, EC, redox and dissolved organic matter), and hydrogeology (permeability, dispersion, preferential flow paths)] [3][4][5].
Building information modeling: A new frontier for construction engineering education

Stephen Mulva, Texas State University-San Marcos Stephen has spent the past ten years creating, developing, and implementing new concepts, systems, and solutions for complex problems facing the construction industry and its constituent companies. Working in both academic and commercial settings, he has successfully formulated and managed numerous initiatives to improve the financial and operational performance of several companies through the projects and programs which they execute. In particular, Stephen has developed a number of new techniques and management practices for repetitive building programs. He has specific program management experience in numerous arenas, from retail store rollout and low-income housing to large industrial and infrastructure projects.
An anthology of non-local QFT and QFT on noncommutative spacetime

Ever since the appearance of renormalization theory there have been several differently motivated attempts at non-localized (in the sense of not generated by point-like fields) relativistic particle theories, the most recent one being at QFT on non-commutative Minkowski spacetime. The often conceptually uncritical and historically forgetful contemporary approach to these problems calls for a critical review the light of previous results on this subject.