nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Globalizing knowledge : intellectuals, universities, and publics in transformation

Heralding a push for higher education to adopt a more global perspective, the term "globalizing knowledge" is today a popular catchphrase among academics and their circles. The complications and consequences of this desire for greater worldliness, however, are rarely considered critically. In this groundbreaking cultural-political sociology of knowledge and change, Michael D. Kennedy rearticulates questions, approaches, and case studies to clarify intellectuals' and institutions' responsibilities in a world defined by transformation and crisis. Globalizing Knowledge introduces the stakes of globalizing knowledge before examining how intellectuals and their institutions and networks shape and are shaped by globalization and world-historical events from 2001 through the uprisings of 2011-13. But Kennedy is not only concerned with elaborating how wisdom is maintained and transmitted, he also asks how we can recognize both interconnectedness and inequalities, and possibilities for more knowledgeable change within and beyond academic circles. Subsequent chapters are devoted to issues of public engagement, the importance of recognizing difference and the local's implication in the global, and the specific ways in which knowledge, images, and symbols are shared globally. Kennedy considers numerous case studies, from historical happenings in Poland, Kosova, Ukraine, and Afghanistan, to today's energy crisis, Pussy Riot, the Occupy Movement, and beyond, to illuminate how knowledge functions and might be used to affect good in the world.
SOME CONSEQUENCES OF A THEOREM ON FANS

Using a fundamental identity concerning fans called ``Fan Theorem'' we give new proofs of classical edge colouring theorems. We also derive from the same identity a formula for the chromatic index of Class 2 multigraphs (i.e. multigraphs $G$ such that $\chi'(G)>\Delta(G)$) and a new generalization of Vizing's Adjacency Lemma to multigraphs, which is more general than the one given by the author in [D. Cariolaro, \textit{On fans in multigraphs,} J. Graph Theory, 51 (4), 2006, 301--318].
Transport properties of PbO-P2O5-ZnO-Li2O glass system

The electrical conductivity of Li+ ion conducting lead zinc phosphate glasses have been carried out both as a function of temperature and frequency in the temperature range 458-510K and over frequencies 40 Hz to 10 MHz. The dc conductivities show Arrhenius behavior and show compositional dependence. The σ decreases with increase in Li2O content. The ac conductivity behavior has been analyzed using Almond-West power law using a single exponent. The exponent 's' obtained from the power law fits is found to have values ranging from 0.74 - 0.80 in these glasses and shows moderate temperature dependence, which is attributed to high degree of modification in the glass network.
Finding God in the Heart-Genital Connection: Joe Kramer's Erotic Christianity

This article is a celebration of the work of Joe Kramer, founder of the EroSpirit Research Institute and instructor of thousands of men in the practices of erotic spirituality. It is argued that Kramer's work in encouraging men to explore the potential of their erotic energy has been particularly helpful to those who have experienced an erotophobic Christian heritage. Although Kramer is not without his critics the author argues that he is engaged in a healing practice which constructs an ‘eschatological sexuality’ that dares to reach towards forms of sexual praxis located in a transformed future.
Citizenship: Care of the Self, Character and Personality

Recent attempts to reinvigorate citizenship have been rooted in a romantic impulse. The current nostalgia over citizenship strives to recuperate the participatory involvement of the small community with face-to-face interaction. This article advances a conception of citizenship that attends more closely to the agonistic ways that citizens have been historically constructed in order to challenge the romanticism of civic republicanism. We draw on those aspects of the Foucauldian governmentality literature concerned with the care of the self. Citizenship is a technology of government that constitutes membership in a political community that requires both self-mastery and attention to relations with others. Importance is attached to truth-telling since this is what makes one a subject of government. We argue that an historical shift occurred between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries from a subjectivity rooted in ‘character’ to one based on ‘personality’ that corresponded to changes in the prevailing form...
A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH: SOME THOUGHTS ON THE LANGUAGE OF SPORT:

The purpose of this article is to offer some thoughts on the language of sport, particularly as it is constructed on the basis of three metaphorical conventions—namely, the conventions of violence, sex, and the machine. Although noting the masculinist perspective that these metaphors represent, the article ultimately argues that these linguistic preferences reveal important ontological insights that transcend both gender and sport itself.
The Insensitivity of Investment to Interest Rates: Evidence from a Survey of CFOs

A fundamental tenet of investment theory and the traditional theory of monetary policy transmission is that investment expenditures by businesses are negatively affected by interest rates. Yet, a large body of empirical research offer mixed evidence, at best, for a substantial interest-rate effect on investment. In this paper, we examine the sensitivity of investment plans to interest rates using a set of special questions asked of CFOs in the Global Business Outlook Survey conducted in the third quarter of 2012. Among the more than 500 responses to the special questions, we find that most firms claim to be quite insensitive to decreases in interest rates, and only mildly more responsive to interest rate increases. Most CFOs cited ample cash or the low level of interest rates, as explanations for their own insensitivity. We also find that sensitivity to interest rate changes tends to be lower among firms that do not report being concerned about working capital management as well as those that do not expect to borrow over the coming year. Perhaps more surprisingly, we find that investment is also less interest sensitive among firms expecting greater revenue growth. These findings seem to be corroborated by a cursory meta-analysis of average hurdle rates drawn from firm-level surveys at different times over the past 30 years, which exhibit no apparent relation to market interest rates.
The introduction of specific sites for heavy metal binding in a crystalline protein.

Heavy metal derivatives of the galactose binding protein of Salmonella typhimurium were obtained by the treatment of crystals with carbon disulfide under anaerobic conditions, followed by exposure to mercury-containing reagents. Carbon disulfide reacts with protein amino groups to give a metastable dithiocarbamate, which is susceptible to covalent derivatization by mercurials. The number of amino groups which react for any particular crystalline protein will depend on the pH, the composition of the crystal mother liquor, and the steric accessibility limitations imposed by crystal packing. Direct reaction with protein crystals, rather than solution derivatization followed by purification and subsequent crystallization, is used to promote isomorphism of the derivative crystal with the native and to limit the number of available sites. For the S. typhimurium galactose binding protein, carbon disulfide treatment, followed by reaction with 2-chloromercuri-4-nitrophenol, resulted in binding at two sites at pH 8.0. Similar treatment with dimercury acetate gave one binding site for the dimercurial at the same pH. Both derivatives were isomorphous with the native crystal to a resolution of at least 3.5 A. These heavy atom derivatives have been used to produce an interpretable electron density map of the protein at 3-A resolution.
Spheres of justice : the case of education

Social justice in education has not attracted much attention from sociologists of education. In educational policy, considerations of social justice in the distribution of educational provision have only been accepted as valid arguments when meeting the demands of economic efficiency. Greater attention is currently being drawn to social justice in education as demonstrated by the debate on Michael Walzer's Spheres of Justice (1983). The argument developed in the present article is that criteria based on social justice should be carefully considered. Such criteria can help clarify the problems of legitimation which are confronting the government in at least the Netherlands and illustrate the need for critical analysis of the actual educational policy of decentralisation and its consequences. Some recent ideas on social justice in education from Dutch sociologists are presented, followed by a short consideration of alternatives to the dominant criterion of achievement in education. The ideas of Walzer (1983...
Requirements Engineering Lessons from House Building

Anyone who has built or remodeled a house and has developed or enhanced SW must have noticed the similarity of these activities. This talk describes some lessons about requirements engineering I learned while being a customer in a house building and two house remodeling. The biggest problem is to avoid very expensive requirements creep. The main lesson is the importance of the customer insisting on following a full requirements engineering process, including goal identification, requirements elicitation, analysis, and specification, and validation of the specification. A secondary lesson is that a customer has an important role in requirements engineering and he or she sometimes needs to learn that role.
The Role of Reformulation in the Automatic Design of Satisfiability Procedures

Recently there has been increasing interest in the problem of knowledge compilation (Selman & Kautz91). This is the problem of identifying tractable techniques for determining the consequences of a knowledge base. We have developed and implemented a technique, called DRAT, that given a theory, i.e., a collection of firstorder clauses, can often produce a type of decision procedure for that theory that can be used in the place of a general-purpose first-order theorem prover for determining many of the consequences of that theory. Hence, DRAT does a type of knowledge compilation. Central to the DRAT technique is a type of reformulation in which a problem's clauses are restated in terms of different nonlogical symbols. The reformulation is isomorphic in the sense that it does not change the semantics of a problem.
The persistence of myth: psychoanalytic and structuralist perspectives.

The devil's elixirs, Jung's "theology," and the dissolution of Freud's "poisoning complex" / John Kerr -- The riddle of the riddle of the Sphinx / Theodore Lidz -- The body of Oedipus / Lowell Edmunds -- The troubled house Oedipus and Chraetien's Naeo-Tristan / Daniel Rubey -- Late medieval representations of Saint Mary Magdalene / Edmund Leach -- The artistic image and the inward gaze / Ellen Handler Spitz -- Doubling, mythic difference, an the scapegoating of female power in Macbeth / Dianne Hunter-- "Here only wea / Peter L. Rudnytsky.
The sustainability syndicate: Shared responsibility in a trans-organizational business model

This paper proposes design principles for the ‘sustainability syndicate’: shared responsibility among diverse stakeholders for sustainability; an agenda for unifying economic and ethical rationales; and plural governance based primarily on markets, contracts and collaborative relationships. The paper suggests a research agenda directed at issues that constrain sustainability syndicates. Syndication's contributions to sustainability build upon its trans-organizational structures for shared responsibility. Syndication works as an insurance cooperative that reduces the financial burden of risk. In addition, members could rent skill sets from other stakeholders, reduce barriers to entry into bigger projects, and improve efficiencies. As underlying sustainability are both economic and ethical rationales for shared responsibility, sustainability syndicates induct diverse non-commercial stakeholders into inclusive settings. A unifying agenda in these settings, as it grapples with externalities and constructs welfare-enhancing solutions, enhances sustainability brand differentiation. Plural self-governance, as it corrects for failures of individual self-governance modes, enables market making and market access, reduces transaction costs in contracting, and enables members to build the trust and commitment necessary for collaborations. Sustainability syndicates obviate the need for command-and-control interventions. Although institutional, performance and instrumental constraints still remain, syndicate business models offer potentially game-changing strategies in sustainability marketing.
Diffusion bonding of a nickel (chromium) alloy to zirconia: Mechanical properties and interface microstructures

Diffusion bonding of a Ni(Cr) alloy with ZrO2 has been studied. It was found that the processes were controlled by chemical reactions at the metal/ceramic interface forming compounds within the composition range NiO1−xCr2O3−yZrO2−z(0<x,y,z<1). Reaction products were characterized by examination of the fractured metal/ceramic halves and from cross-sections using optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. These metallographic studies indicate that the interface reactions are accompanied by local melting indicating a possible eutectic reaction following interdiffusion. Pre-oxidizing the metal foil enhances these reactions and lowers the reaction temperatures. Differential thermal analysis found endotherms at 1050 and 1110 °C with sintered NiCr/ZrO2 powders, and at 980 and 1100 °C when pre-oxidized powders were used. These are shown to be associated with local melting at the metal/ceramic interface. This thus explains the existence of a critical bonding temperature for good-quality diffusion bonding, where a minimum temperature has to be satisfied for the eutectic reaction to occur.
The Education of Kokumin Gakkô (Sekolah Rakjat) in Java under the Japanese Occupation

Japan occupied Indonesia-the Netherlands East Indies from March 1942 through August 1945. In Java the Japanese Military Administration re-opened the elementary schools in April 1942 which were called Kokumin Gakko (Sekolah Rakjat, six years, there was another three-years system called Shoto Kokumin Gakko, in this paper call them together as Kokumin Gakko). The curriculums and educational system under the Dutch rule were replaced by the Japanese-style based on the ideology of “Greater Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.”This paper analyzes the education in Kokumin Gakko through 38 volumes of textbooks published by the Japanese authority. All the first edition of these textbooks were published by the end of 1943, except one book which was published in May 1944.Only one textbook which was faithful to the Japanese educational ideology was Yoi-Kodomo (Good Children) vol. 1 which was published in May 1944. The contents of other textbooks published by the end of 1943 under the Japanese rule did not differ very much from those used during the Dutch colonial rule. There was a clear gap between the formal educational policy and the contents of the school textbooks under the Japanese rule. The Japanese made up for this shortcoming by extra-curriculum activities which strongly reflected the Japanese war-time ideology. As far as the contents of textbooks are concerned, we can easily find out continuity from the Dutch rule to the Japanese occupation, and even to the independent Indonesia after World War II.
Effect of grain boundary segregation on thermal conductivity of hot-pressed silicon carbide

In hot-pressed SiC with a sintering additive, Al 2 O 3 , the correlation between thermal conductivity at room temperature and phonon scattering by lattice defects (grain boundaries and point defects) was investigated. It is verified by both calculation within the Debye phonon model and experimental results that the principal scattering mechanism was determined to be grain boundary scattering. High-resolution transmission electron micrographs showed no thin secondary phase at the grain boundary interface. EDS line scans using a 3 nm probe showed the segregation of both Al and O atoms to grain boundaries. This grain boundary segregation leads to a concentration of defects and the formation of a disordered region at grain boundaries. We concluded that the thermal conductivity was decreased mainly by grain boundary scattering due to grain boundary segregation. The thermal conductivity is improved from ∼ 120 to 235 W/mK by decreasing the grain boundary concentration of both Al and O.
Classical Gravity as an Eikonal Approximation to a Manifestily Lorentz Covariant Quantum Theory with

We discuss in this Chapter a series of theoretical developments which motivate the introduction of a quantum evolution equation for which the eikonal approximation results in the geodesics of a four dimensional manifold. This geodesic motion can be put into correpondence with general relativity. The well-known problem of the self-interaction of a relativistic charged particle is studied from the point of view of a manifestly Lorentz co-variant classical theory admitting the particle mass as a dynamical variable, i.e., the theory is intrinsically off-shell. The evolution parameter, τ , is an invariant parameter that can be identified with Newton's time (sometimes called, as in Schwinger's formulation, " proper time "). Gauge invariance requires the definition of five gauge fields; the fifth field has for its source the matter density. Together with the results of Gupta and Padmanabhan, showing a connection between the radiation reaction force and geometry, this structure motivates an investigation into the connection between these dynamical equations and gravity. We show that the fifth gauge field can indeed be absorbed into a conformal metric in the kine-matic terms, which then results in a geodesic equation generated by the conformal metric and the standard Lorentz force. We then go on to show that the generalized radiation field passing through an optical medium with non-trivial dielectric tensor results in an analog gravity for the eikonal approximation for an arbitrary metric. A mathematically simpler system for which the eikonal approximation provides the geodesic motion on a four dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifold is that of the Stueckelberg-Schrödinger equation with a spacetime dependent tensor g µν (of the form of the Einstein metric tensor), somewhat analogously to a gauge field, coupling to the kinetic terms. This theory can be realized as a quantum theory in a flat spacetime, obeying the rules of the standard quantum theory in Lorentz covariant form. Since the geodesics predicted by the eikonal approximation, with appropriate choice of g µν , can be those of general relativity, this theory provides a quantum theory which underlies classical gravitation, and coincides with it in this classical ray approximation. This result is the principal content of this work. In order to understand the possible origin of the structure of this form of the Stueckelberg-Schrödinger equation, we appeal to the approach of Nelson in constructing a Schrödinger equation from the properties of Brownian motion. Extending the notion of 1 Brownian motion to spacetime in a …
Quantitative macroeconomics with heterogeneous households

Macroeconomics is evolving from the study of aggregate dynamics to the study of the dynamics of the entire equilibrium distribution of allocations across individual economic actors. This article reviews the quantitative macroeconomic literature that focuses on household heterogeneity, with a special emphasis on the "standard" incomplete markets model. We organize the vast literature according to three themes that are central to understanding how inequality matters for macroeconomics. First, what are the most important sources of individual risk and cross-sectional heterogeneity? Second, what are individuals' key channels of insurance? Third, how does idiosyncratic risk interact with aggregate risk?
Social Impacts of Bank Closures on a Small Rural Community: The Case of Merriwa

Despite consumer criticism of the rationalization strategies adopted by the Australian financial institutions, no identified research has examined the social impact of such strategies. This paper addresses this lacuna by first quantifying the extent of banking customer discontentment in a rural community affected by the closure of its only bank, and then exploring the impact of this discontentment on quality of life. Results reveal that consumer satisfaction with their personal well-being is perceived to improve marginally despite increasing discontentment with banking services. This finding has significant implications for theory and practice.
Des formes d'entrepreneuriat dans les associations ?

In France, a large number of non-profit organizations are part of the third sector (services to clients) and are as such at the intersection of the market, the state and the informal sector. At the same time, the extensive development of Civil Society Organizations (CSO) leads to the reproduction of the practices stemming from the company in these a priori non-profit organizations. Today, regarding new financial laws, those French NPOs above government supervision have to justify themselves. For example, do they bring entrepreneurship in public management? Our double case study (in French non profit organizations from the medical, sanitary and social sector) underlines the original emergence of plural forms of CSO entrepreneurship. Actors' games and innovation are observed. Besides, we can speak about social entrepreneurship when CSO configure an offer of trade service. Finally, we sometimes observe a reconfiguration of the institutional borders of the CSO, that is to say institutional entrepreneurship.
An improved method for Lewis acid catalyzed phosphoryl transfer with Ti(t-BuO)4.

Several inorganic esters have been evaluated as phosphoryl transfer catalysts. Of these, Ti(t-BuO)(4) was found to be the most effective catalyst giving excellent yields of the desired phosphate esters. The loading of the catalyst could be reduced to a little as 5 mol % for a majority of substrates with no loss in the yield of product. This methodology is significantly more versatile than using TiCl(4) and is suitable for the phosphorylation of more complex carbohydrates and molecules of biological interest.