nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Level Synthesis: A Retrospective

High-level Synthesis or HLS represented an ambitious attempt by the community to provide capabilities for “algorithms to gates” for a period of almost three decades. The technical challenge in realizing this goal drew researchers from various areas ranging from parallel programming, digital signal processing, and logic synthesis to expert systems. This article takes a journey through the years of research in this domain with a narrative view of the lessons learnt and their implication for future research. As with any retrospective, it is written from a purely personal perspective of our research efforts in the domain, though we have made a reasonable attempt to document important technical developments in the history of high-level synthesis.
Spatial Aggregation: Data Model and Implementation

Data aggregation in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is only marginally present in commercial systems nowadays, mostly through ad-hoc solutions. In this paper, we first present a formal model for representing spatial data. This model integrates geographic data and information contained in data warehouses external to the GIS. We define the notion of geometric aggregation, a general framework for aggregate queries in a GIS setting. We also identify the class of summable queries, which can be efficiently evaluated by precomputing the overlay of two or more of the thematic layers involved in the query. We also sketch a language, denoted GISOLAP-QL, for expressing queries that involve GIS and OLAP features. In addition, we introduce Piet, an implementation of our proposal, that makes use of overlay precomputation for answering spatial queries (aggregate or not). Our experimental evaluation showed that for a certain class of geometric queries with or without aggregation, overlay precomputation outperforms R-tree-based techniques. Finally, as a particular application of our proposal, we study topological queries.
Ionic transport through model membranes. I. Effects of accelerators of carcinogenesis.

Egg phosphatidyl choline adsorbed at an hydrocarbon-water interface was used as a physical model of a membrane-cytoplasm interface. The rate of transport of an anionic dyestuff could be measured across the interface from the aqueous to the organic phase under conditions of emulsification. The process simulates carrier transport in that the lecithin is an essential requirement, forming a tightly bound complex with the dye that becomes solubilized in the phospholipid micelles in the bulk organic phase. 2. 2. The standard organic phase was then modified by inclusion of n- alkanes from C 7 to C 24 . Most of the alkanes that have biological activity as accelerators of carcinogenesis, C 10 -C 20 , produced a significant reduction of the rate of transport of the dyestuff into the organic phase. 3. 3. Correlation was inferred between these observations and those of investigators of intracellular ionic transport in epithelial tissue cultures, who found a marked reduction of transport rates in certain malignant epithelia in contrast to the corresponding normal tissues. A membrane-mediated mechanism of control of initiated neoplastic cells is suggested. The hypothetical control depends upon a specific surface charge distribution at the lipoprotein-cytoplasm interface that is altered by the absorption of C 10 -C 20 n- alkanes .
Gravitational radiation ind>4from effective field theory

Some years ago, a new powerful technique, known as the Classical Effective Field Theory, was proposed to describe classical phenomena in gravitational systems. Here we show how this approach can be useful to investigate theoretically important issues, such as gravitational radiation in any spacetime dimension. In particular, we derive for the first time the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffman Lagrangian and we compute Einstein’s quadrupole formula for any number of flat spacetime dimensions.
Innovation and Employment: A firm level analysis with European R&D Scoreboard data

In this article, we analyse the microeconomic relationship between innovation and employment, using company data from R&D Scoreboard for Europe covering 2000-2008. We estimate a reduced form equation in which R&D can account for both product and process innovation. The existence of non constant elasticities is assessed, due to the combination of efficient scale and decreasing return to R&D: in our empirical estimates the scale effect tends to prevail for a given R&D intensity generating an increasing relationship between total turnover and employment. Our results have important implications for policymakers: R&D and innovation supporting policies should be correctly tailored and monitored since the results depend on the characteristics of the firms benefited. By the same token, calibration of general equilibrium models aimed at quantifying the employment impact of R&D and innovation policies should take into account that the average elasticity can be a very rough approximation. We claim that our results support the position that R&D and innovation policies should be tailored towards favouring entry by knowledge intensive firms, instead of supporting existing actors.
The Baire Category Theorem in Weak Subsystems of Second-Order Arithmetic

Working within weak subsystems of second-order arithmetic Z2 we consider two versions of the Baire Category theorem which are not equivalent over the base system RCAo. We show that one version (B.C.T.I) is provable in RCAo while the second version (B.C.T.II) requires a stronger system. We introduce two new subsystems of Z2, which we call RCA' and WKL', and show that RCA' suffices to prove B.C.T.II. Some model theory of WKL' and its importance in view of Hilbert's program is discussed, as well as applications of our results to functional analysis.
Who Are the Marital Experts

We asked whether professional training or personal experience with marriage predicted accuracy in judging (a) marital satisfaction and (b) marital stability. Nine groups of participants viewed 3-minute videotaped conversations of 10 married couples and rated each on level of marital satisfaction and whether they were likely to divorce in the future. Group differences were found in accuracy of marital satisfaction judgments. Those for whom marriage held high personal meaning (satisfied and dissatisfied long-term marriages, newlyweds, recent divorce[e]s), as rated by a panel of judges, were more accurate than those with professional training (pastoral counselors, clinical psychology graduate students, marital therapists, marital researchers). Neither professional training nor personal experience was associated with the ability to predict divorce.
Scheduling for Transfers in Pickup and Delivery Problems with Very Large Neighborhood Search

In pickup and delivery problems (PDPs), vehicles pickup and deliver a set of items under various constraints. We address the PDP with Transfers (PDP-T), in which vehicles plan to transfer items between one another to form more efficient schedules. We introduce the Very Large Neighborhood Search with Transfers (VLNS-T) algorithm to form schedules for the PDP-T. Our approach allows multiple transfers for items at arbitrary locations, and is not restricted to a set of predefined transfer points. We show that VLNS-T improves upon the best known PDP solutions for benchmark problems, and demonstrate its effectiveness on problems sampled from real world taxi data in New York City.
朝鮮 後期 官僚文化와 眞景山水畵 :소론계 관료를 중심으로

This study considers the true-view landscape paintings made by the order of Confucian officials during the late Joseon period. The tradition of provincial officials taking excursions, that is hwanyu(宦遊), was continued throughout the Joseon period. After the 17th century, many real landscape paintings were produced as visual records of these excursions. This article focuses on the true view landscape paintings commisioned by scholar officials during the middle 18th century when the true-view landscapes were popular. The major paintings recorded the hwanyu were generally ordered by the provincial officials and produced by the provincial painters. The origin of this type of paintings was the Ten Scenic Spots of Hamheung City and the Ten Scenic Spots of Hamgyeong Province commisioned by Nam Guman who was the leader of soron(少論) faction and the administrator of Hamgyeong Province in the late 17th century. This work as the result of Nam Guman’s hwanyu was the real landscape of political and symbolic significance that was aimed at developing and publicizing the Hamgyeoung Province. Scholars officials of the soron faction subsequently began producing real landscape paintings that portrayed provincial landscapes and clearly showed the influence of Ten Scenic Spots of Hamheung City and the Ten Scenic Spots of Hamgyeong Province. These paintings are characterized by their political and symbolic significance. Such works constitute a particular sub-genre within the true-view landscape painting of the 18th century, helping us to understand the various characteristics that comprise the genre as a whole. The Album of the Ten Scenic Spots of East Sea was commissioned by a provincial governor of the soron faction in 1748. It reveals more personal taste and shows purely artistic tendency focusing the “Three Treasure” of poetry, calligraphy and painting. Jeong Seon, the master of the true-view painting also painted a true view painting commissioned by Hong Gyeongbo, the provincial governor of the Gyeonggi Province to record a very elegant boat trip he enjoyed as part of an inspection tour in 1742. This work, a record of an artistically refined scholar official excursion suggests the development of a new culture of commemorating scholar official’s history as a government officer.
Solvent regulation of oxygen affinity in hemoglobin. Sensitivity of bovine hemoglobin to chloride ions.

Under physiological conditions of pH (7.4) and chloride concentration (0.15 M), the oxygen affinity of bovine hemoglobin is substantially lower than that of human hemoglobin. Also, the Bohr effect is much more pronounced in bovine hemoglobin. Numerical simulations indicate that both phenomena can be explained by a larger preferential binding of chloride ions to deoxyhemoglobin in the bovine system. Also, they show that the larger preferential binding may be produced by a decreased affinity of the anions for oxyhemoglobin, thereby stressing the potential relevance of the oxy conformation in regulating the functional properties of the protein. The conformation of the amino-terminal end of the beta subunits appears to regulate the interaction of hemoglobin with solvent components. The pronounced sensitivity of the oxygen affinity of bovine hemoglobin to chloride concentration and to pH suggests that in bovine species these are the modulators of oxygen transport in vivo.
Energy distribution in Melvin's magnetic universe

We use the energy–momentum complexes of Landau and Lifshitz and Papapetrou to obtain the energy distribution in Melvin's magnetic universe. For this space–time we find that these definitions of energy give the same and convincing results. The energy distribution obtained here is the same as we obtained earlier for the same space–time using the energy–momentum complex of Einstein. These results uphold the usefulness of the energy–momentum complexes.
Light meson spectrum with $N_f=2+1$ dynamical overlap fermions

We report on a numerical simulation with 2+1 dynamical flavors of overlap fermions. We calculate pseudo-scalar masses and decay constants on a $16^3\times 48 \times (0.11 {\rm fm})^4$ lattice at five different up and down quark masses and two strange quark masses. The lightest pion mass corresponds to $\approx 310$ MeV. We also study the validity of the chiral perturbation theory using the results of the numerical simulation with two dynamical flavors and conclude that the one-loop formulae cannot be directly applied in the strange quark mass region. We therefore extrapolate our 2+1-flavor results to the chiral limit by fitting the data to the two-loop formulae of the chiral perturbation theory.
Dense electronic excitation induced modification in TiO2 doped SnO2 nanocomposite films

Nanocomposite thin films of TiO 2 doped SnO 2 were grown on silicon and quartz matrices by electron beam evaporation deposition technique using sintered nanocomposite pellet of SnO 2 /TiO 2 taken in the mass percentage ratio of 90:10. The deposition was done in high vacuum (~10 −6  mbar) condition. 100 MeV Au 8+ Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) beam were used at Inter University Accelerator Center, New Delhi, India for dense electronic excitation in these nanocomposite thin films. The SHI irradiation fluencies were varied from 1 × 10 11  ions/cm 2 to 5 × 10 13  ions/cm 2 . Surface morphology studies and grain growth due to swift heavy ion irradiation induced dense electronic excitation at different ion fluencies characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy–Magnetic Force Microscopy (AFM–MFM) technique using Nanoscope – IIIA shows magnetic nature of grains. Sectional analysis of AFM images shows dependence of grain size on irradiation fluence. Grain size varies between 15 nm and 100 nm at different irradiation ion fluencies. The variation in roughness exponent as calculated from power spectral density data and RMS roughness with respect to irradiation fluence are similar in nature. Amorphous to crystalline phase transformation occurs due to SHI irradiation. The SnO 2 dominated crystalline planes observed at irradiation fluence of 1 × 10 13  ions/cm 2 and 5 × 10 13  ions/cm 2 were (0 2 0), (0 2 1), (1 2 4) and (2 0 4). Literature survey suggests these planes were not achieved by thermal annealing as observed from GAXRD data. At low irradiation fluencies up to 5 × 10 12  ions/cm 2 the variation in optical band gap (∼3.7 eV) was negligible as studied by UV–Visible Spectroscopy. Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) results supports transformation from lower crystalline to higher crystalline state due to absence of any impurities in the samples by 100 MeV Au 8+ SHI irradiation and reduction in RBS yield for Sn and O at highest fluence of 5 × 10 13  ions/cm 2 .
BaCo0.6Fe0.3Sn0.1O3-δ perovskite as a new superior oxygen reduction electrode for intermediate-to-low temperature solid oxide fuel cells

BaCo0.6Fe0.3Sn0.1O3−δ (BCFSn631) is evaluated as an oxygen reduction electrode for intermediate-to-low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). XRD and HR-TEM analysis demonstrate that it is in a simple perovskite phase with cubic lattice symmetry. In situ HT-XRD and ex situ XRD confirm the favorable phase stability of the oxide under a wide range of temperatures and atmospheric oxygen partial pressures. The oxygen nonstoichiometry, electrical conductivity, oxygen reduction activity and electrochemical performance of BCFSn631 are systematically studied through thermogravimetric analysis, electrical conductivity relaxation tests and electrochemical impedance analysis. It has a low thermal expansion coefficient of ∼15.8 × 10−6 K−1 in a temperature range of 25–800 °C and a high oxygen vacancy concentration. Electric conductivity relaxation measurement demonstrates the high oxygen surface exchange and bulk diffusion properties of BCFSn631, comparable to that of the state-of-the-art Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ electrode. Low area specific resistances are obtained for the BCFSn631 electrode in the intermediate temperature range, determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy based on symmetrical cell configuration, suggesting its high activity for oxygen reduction reaction. Peak power densities of 1168, 896, 523 and 273 mW cm−2 are obtained from a fuel cell with BCFSn631 electrode at 600, 550, 500 and 450 °C, respectively. In addition, good long-term performance stability is demonstrated. All these results highly promise BCFSn631 as an excellent oxygen reduction electrode for next generation SOFCs.
Art of Two Germanys/Cold War Cultures

In a divided Germany after World War II, artists in both East and West reacted to the war's political legacies by reviving pre-war artistic traditions. Newly energized, these traditions - including expressionism, abstraction and realism - gave birth to a wide range of powerful and meaningful contemporary artworks during the Cold War years.This substantial and profusely illustrated book, with sixteen important essays by major art historians and cultural critics, is the first comprehensive look at the full extent of post-war Germant art. It includes work in a variety of mediums by Georg Baselitz, Willi Baumeister, Bernd and Hilla Becher, Joseph Beuys, Hermann Glockner, Hannah Hoch, Jorg Immendorff, Anselm Kiefer, Blinky Palermo, A. R. Penck, Sigmar Polke, Gerhard Richter, Werner Tubke and many others."The Art of the Two Germanys" is the catalogue for a groundbreaking international exhibition that reveals for the first time the contribution of both Germanys to the growth of contemporary art.
Free Time — Our Common Wealth

In the process of building communism, our country is implementing a program of economic and social transformation of Soviet society gigantic in scale and significance. As this program is realized, the material and cultural level of Soviet people rises, and their desire to become more fully familiar with the intellectual riches accumulated by humanity, their striving for creative activity, for ethical and physical improvement, increases. The significance of working people's free time in the solution of these problems grows steadily, particularly under the conditions of developed socialist society. Improvement of the use of that time is an important element in the social policy of our Party.
Optimal deposition and layer modulation parameters for mechanical property enhancement of TiB2/Si3N4 multilayers using orthogonal experiment

have been synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). SEM, XRD, XP-2 profiler, and Nano indenter were employed to investigate the effect of modulation ratio, modulation period, thickness of buffer layer, and deposition temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties. Orthogonal experiment found that the TiB 2 /Si 3 N 4 multilayer with modulation ratio of 15.4:1 and modulation period of 11.8 nm prepared with 38 nm-thick Ti buffer layer at deposition temperature of 225°C displayed optimal mechanical properties. Its hardness and elastic modulus were up to the highest values of 36.2 GPa and 448 GPa. This hardest multilayer also showed the improved residual stress and fracture resistance.
The Sports Participation Effect on Educational Attainment of Black Males.

The purpose of this study is to explore the direct, indirect, and total effects of high school sports participation on educational attainment for Black males using the Educational Longitudinal Study (2002/2006), a large, nationally representative, database. A path analysis procedure for determining underlying causal relationships between variables is presented. Although the implications of the results of this study are relevant for all who work with this population, school counselors are specifically highlighted.
Photochemical Transformation of Four Ionic Liquid Cation Structures in Aqueous Solution.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are a new class of solvents expected to be used increasingly by the chemical industry in the coming years. Given their slow biodegradation and limited sorption affinities, IL cations have a high potential to reach aquatic environments. We investigated the fate of ILs in sunlit surface water by determining direct and indirect photochemical transformation rates of imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, and piperidinium cations. The photodegradation of all investigated IL cations was faster in solutions containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) than in ultrapure water, illustrating the importance of indirect photochemical processes. Experiments with model sensitizers and DOM isolates revealed that reactions with hydroxyl radicals dominated the transformation of tested IL cations. Bimolecular reaction rate constants with hydroxyl radicals ranged from (2.04 ± 0.37) × 109 to (8.47 ± 0.97) × 109 M-1 s-1 and showed an increase in rate constants with increasing carbon side-chain length. Consequently, average estimated half-lives of IL cations in sunlit surface water ranged from 32 ± 4 to 135 ± 25 days, highlighting the potential of IL cations to become persistent aquatic contaminants.
Enumerators of lambda Terms are Reducing Constructively

A closed λ-term E is called an enumerator if ∀M ϵ /gL/dg /gTn ϵ N E/drn/dl = β M. Here Λ° is the set of closed λ-terms, N is the set of natural numbers and the / drn / dl are the Church numerals λfx ./ tf n x . Such an E is called reducing if moreover ∀M ϵ /gL/dg /gTn ϵ N E/drn/dl /a/gb M. In 1983 I conjectured that every enumerator is reducing. An ingenious recursion theoretic proof of this conjecture by Statman is presented in Barendregt (1992). The proof is not intuitionistically valid, however. Dirk van Dalen has encouraged me to find intuitionistic proofs whenever possible. In the lambda calculus this is usually not difficult. In this paper an intuitionistic version of Statmans proof will be given. It took me somewhat longer to find it than in other cases.
Post-quantum key exchange - a new hope

At IEEE Security & Privacy 2015, Bos, Costello, Naehrig, and Stebila proposed an instantiation of Peikert's ring-learning-with-errors-based (Ring-LWE) key-exchange protocol (PQCrypto 2014), together with an implementation integrated into OpenSSL, with the affirmed goal of providing post-quantum security for TLS. In this work we revisit their instantiation and stand-alone implementation. Specifically, we propose new parameters and a better suited error distribution, analyze the scheme's hardness against attacks by quantum computers in a conservative way, introduce a new and more efficient error-reconciliation mechanism, and propose a defense against backdoors and all-for-the-price-of-one attacks. By these measures and for the same lattice dimension, we more than double the security parameter, halve the communication overhead, and speed up computation by more than a factor of 8 in a portable C implementation and by more than a factor of 27 in an optimized implementation targeting current Intel CPUs. These speedups are achieved with comprehensive protection against timing attacks.
The Importance of Protestantism in Max Weber's Theory of Secularisation

In this article, I review my recent book Protestant Modernity. Weber, Secularisation and Protestantism, which reconstructs Weber's theory of secularisation and argues that this is formulated within a liberal Protestant framework. I argue that this theory is a part of his Protestant account of modernity. I also sketch some of the major issues involved in developing a Catholic account of modernity and provide some worked through examples of the sociological implications of this change of confessional presuppositions.
ENTREPRENEURS' MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SERBIA

Entrepreneurs are playing a major role in the economy of each country on the planet. They contribute to national economies by starting up and running small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which make more than 95% of the total number of enterprises and which are providing jobs to more than 60% of all employees within each country. The significance of entrepreneurship for economic development oblige goverments and all other relevant institutions within each country to continue to facilitate its growth by all means necessary. In order to do this, these institutions need to be familiar with motives of entrepreneurs to start their own business. In this paper, results of empirical research concerning motivational factors of entrepreneurs in Serbia are presented. This research presents a continuation of serie of research on this topic which were conducted in several countries, by using the same methodological approach.