Middle East Patterns: Places, Peoples, and Politics

An Introduction * Middle East Preview * The Middle East: Definition * Regional Unity of Empires * Aims and Concepts: A Glance The Face of the Earth * An Overview * Forms of the Lands * Middle East Waters * The Skies and the Winds: Climate * Other Aspects of the Environment Patterns of Time: Historical-Geographical Foundations * Persistence of Patterns * Early Patterns * Historical-Political Evolution * Some Inferences: Power Cores Patterns of Peoples, Cultures, and Settlements * A Demographic Overview *  Population * Patterns: Peoples *  Religions * Patterns: Ethnic Groups *  Settlements The Desert and the Sown: Land Use * Agriculture * Landholdings and Land Reform * Rainfed Crop Farming * Water in the Desert: Irrigation * Role of Animals * Forest Products * Fishing Riches Beneath the Earth * A Perspective * Petroleum: Historical Development * Patterns of Reserves * Petroleum Production * Major Oil Facilities * Markets and Marketing  Pricing and Participation * Other Minerals Manufacturing and Transportation *  Cooperation and Aid * Regional Development Problems * Patterns of Industry * Transportation * Trade The Earth and the State: Geopolitics * Hub and Heartland * The State in the Middle East * Peace Treaties and Mandates * Present Basic Patterns * Regional Linkages * Regional Conflicts * The Arab-Israeli Problem * The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988 * The Gulf Crisis, 1990-1991 * Operation Iraqi Freedom, 00 * Strategic Straits * Great-Power Rivalry * Terrorism Syria: Middle East Heartland * Regional Keystone * The Physical Challenge * The Imprint of Time * The Syrian Mixture * Evolving Economic Patterns * Political Geography Lebanon and Cyprus: A Mountain and an Island * Lebanon * The Character of Lebanon * Rich Past, Complex Evolution * Lebanon and the Lebanese * A Subregional Perspective * Economic Patterns * Factions and Territories * Cyprus * Historical Geography * Two Mountains, Three Plains * Mediterranean Climate, Mediterranean Crops * Nonagricultural Economy *  The Land Beyond and Between * Historical Evolution * Peoples: Arabs, Minorities, Refugees * Physical Resource Base * Water: The Vital Resource * Economic Geography * Relations Israel, Palestine, and Disputed TerritoriesI * Israel * Historical Note * Varied Landscapes * Population and Peoples * Settlements * Economic Patterns * Commerce and Services * Relations * Occupied Territories * From West Bank and Gaza to Palestinian Authority * Golan Heights Iraq: Modern  Iraq and Its Antecedents * Regional Patterns * Population and Peoples * Economic Patterns and Problems * Monarchy, Republic, and Uncertainty * Relations Saudi Arabia: Development in the Desert * Saudi Arabia: A Preview * Historical-Political Geography * Physical Patterns * Population and Peoples * Settlements * Economic Patterns * Relations The Gulf and Its Oil States * An Overview * Kuwait * Bahrain * Qatar * United Arab Emirates Oman and Yemen: The Southern Fringe * Oman * Yemen Egypt: A River and a People * A View of Egypt * A Rich History * River, Delta, and Deserts * The Egyptians and Their Society * Changing Economic Patterns * Relations Turkey: Bridgeland in Anatolia * Between Europe and the Middle East * Complex Regional Patterns * A Historical Tapestry * The Turkish Population * Village and City * Economic Development * Relations Iran: Complex Republic on the Plateau * Young State, Ancient Land * Plateau Palimpsest * A Theocratic Republic * A Mountain-Rimmed Plateau * People: Demography and Ethnography * Iranian Economic Patterns * Relations