nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Headscarves: A comparison of public thought and public policy in Germany and the Netherlands

This article focuses on public debates and public policy on the Islamic headscarf in the Netherlands and Germany. In the Netherlands the Islamic headscarf meets with an accommodating policy reaction, while in Germany some eight federal states have introduced legislation to ban the headscarf. This difference is explained, so I argue, by national differences in citizenship traditions. While the Netherlands represents a multicultural model, Germany used to be the paradigmatic example of an ethno‐cultural model of citizenship. Yet, the reaction of the German left to the headscarf, while often non‐accommodating, is very differently inspired by German history than that of the right. A commonality is that in both countries the issue is framed as a conflict between public neutrality and religious freedom, not gender equality. An effect of the focus in the debate on neutrality is that it obscures the agency of Islamic women and the gender dynamics in Islamic communities.
Indistinción e ineficacia: observaciones al entrecruce arte y política en la escena artística del siglo XX

This paper seeks to relate some central issues from Danto and Ranciere’s theoretical developments with some form of avant garde art developed in Argentina in the twentieth century. In a first instance are taken into account both forms of artistic and political denunciation as paradigms of overlapping and indistinctness exemplified by El Siluetazo and Tucuman Arde. Danto will offer the indiscernibility concept to think about art and with Ranciere will be evaluated the degree of impugnation claimed for the critic art facing the examples offered.  Danto, art, politics, Ranciere, inefficacy.
The National Geographic Society : 100 years of adventure and discovery

In 1887 in Washington, DC, 33 gentlemen met to consider "the advisability of organizing a society for the increase and diffusion of geographical knowledge". From that meeting grew "The National Geographic Society", an institution that is recognized by almost every American. In this volume, celebrating the centennial of this amazing Society, award-winning author C.D.B. Bryan covers the entire history of the Geographic, focusing on the personalities behind it - from Gardiner Greene Hubbard and Alexander Graham Bell, to three generations of the Grosvenor family, to flamboyant explorers and innovative photographers and writers. The historical narrative, giving the reader a sense of the past 100 years, alternates with theme sections of pictorial material - polar exploration, natural disasters, glorious expeditions, archaeology and conservation, among others.
Progress in nonequilibrium quantum field theory III

We review recent developments and open questions for the description of nonequilibrium quantum fields, continuing hep-ph/0302210 and hep-ph/0410330 [J. Berges and J. Serreau in SEWM02, Ed. M.G. Schmidt, World Scientific, Singapore, 2003 . SEWM04, Eds. K.J. Eskola, K. Kainulainen, K. Kajantie, K. Rummukainen, World Scientific, Singapore, 2005 ].
Mechatronics design for students: model based in industrial engineering techniques

The present paper proposes a methodology for mechatronic design projects based on industrial engineering techniques. Today, in industrial production the reduction of research and development time is one of the most important goals for engineers. This reduction will allow products to enter the market more efficiently, thus increasing profits for organizations. The analysis made on the Product Life Cycle (PLC) reveals the two areas where time is critical: R&D and project construction. The use of Design of Experiments (DOE), supported by Creativity Phase and Project Management techniques, are powerful tools to reduce time in the initial phase of the project. However, students, engineers, and scientists consistently avoid the use of industrial engineering and applied statistical techniques. Many textbooks and courses primarily focus on statistical analysis, thus forgetting planning, design, execution, analysis, and interpretation. The aim of this paper is to change today’s teaching focus in 
engineering techniques towards new teaching models where scientific concepts and theories are applied to real world problems. To support this intention, students from ITESM Campus Queretaro worked on the development of a robotic project using a new model to design projects rapidly and efficiently. In line with the vision and mission of ITESM, this paper reflects the development of new models and techniques for learning projects oriented towards a methodology for the construction of high performance mechatronics design for students of mechatronic engineering.
The Literature Review: A Foundation for High-Quality Medical Education Research.

D espite a surge in published scholarship in medical education and rapid growth in journals that publish educational research, manuscript acceptance rates continue to fall. Failure to conduct a thorough, accurate, and up-to-date literature review identifying an important problem and placing the study in context is consistently identified as one of the top reasons for rejection. The purpose of this editorial is to provide a road map and practical recommendations for planning a literature review. By understanding the goals of a literature review and following a few basic processes, authors can enhance both the quality of their educational research and the likelihood of publication in the Journal of Graduate Medical Education (JGME) and in other journals.
CON ORTEGA: EL ENSAYO COMO ALTERNATIVA A UNA FILOSOFÍA DE FUNÁMBULOS With Ortega: the essay as an alternative to a philosophy of tightrope walkers

The essay (as literary genre) and the Spanish essay (in its historical specificity) are subjects of study with a special force in contemporary criticism. This paper examines the origins of the essay in Spanish literature in Ortega y Gasset, understanding it as a stylistic form of reflection that is not strictly systematic. Despite the existence of important predecessors, with Ortega the essay comes to recognize itself as the form of a new
A Web-based curriculum development on nontraditional manufacturing with interactive features

Y. LAWRENCE YAO, GARY J. CHENGy, STEVE FEINER and WENWU ZHANGColumbia University, New York, NY, USAK. P. RAJURKARUniversity of Nebraska, Industrial and Management Systems, Lincoln, NE, USARADOVAN KOVACEVICDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.E-mail: cheng1@wsu.edu
An Alternate Approach to Alternating Sums: A Method to DIE for.

would you be inclined to try to prove these by counting arguments? Probably not. We confess that there was a time that when we saw alternating sum identities like the ones above, we would attack it with noncombinatorial proof techniques, like induction or generating functions. After all, how can an object be added a negative number of times? Perhaps it can be tackled using the Principle of InclusionExclusion (abbreviated P.I.E.), but that brings another level of complexity to the combinatorial proof. But now we have an alternate opinion. Now when we see an alternating sum, we can usually prove it combinatorially with a method that is as easy as pie and even easier than P.I.E.! As we’ll demonstrate, this technique offers new insights to identities involving binomial coefficients, Fibonacci numbers, derangements, and other combinatorial structures.
The Drama in the Text: Beckett's Late Fiction@@@Theatre on Trial: Samuel Beckett's Later Drama

The Drama in the Text argues that Beckett's late fiction, like his radio plays, demands to be read aloud, since much of the emotional meaning lodges in its tonality. In Beckett's haunting prose work the reader turns listener, collaborating with the sound of words to elucidate meaning from the silence of the universe. Enoch Brater ranges across all of Beckett's work, quoting from it liberally, and makes connections mainly with other writers, but also with details drawn from the entire Western cultural heritage. Brater serves as an authoritative and persuasive guide to the rich texture of such a difficult but compelling vocabulary, providing recognition, insight, and accessibility.
Study of giant pairing vibrations with neutron-rich nuclei

We investigate the possible signature of the presence of giant pairing states at an excitation energy of about 10 MeV via two-particle transfer reactions induced by neutron-rich weakly bound projectiles. Performingparticle-particle RPA calculations on 208Pb and BCS + RPA calculations on 116Sn, we obtain the pairing strength distribution for two-particle addition and removal modes. Estimates of two-particle transfer cross sections can be obtained in the framework of the macroscopic model. The weak-binding nature of the projectile kinematically favors transitions to high-lying states. In the case of the (6He, 4He) reaction, we predict a population of the Giant Pairing Vibration with cross sections of the order of a millibarn, dominating over the mismatched transition to the ground state.
Health beliefs, optimism, and health-related decisions: A study with Hong Kong Chinese

T he Health Belief Model (HBM; Rosenstock, 1966) is the most widely used psychological theory of health-related behaviours but its applicability to non-Western, especially Asian, populations has not been systematically studied. The main objective of the current study was to examine the effects of components of the HBM and dispositional optimism on preventive intention in two separate samples of 220 Hong Kong Chinese adults and 340 Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. Two HBM variables, benefits and barriers, were experimentally manipulated for an imaginary flu outbreak and a hypothetical vaccine. Optimism in the two samples was assessed using the Chinese revised Life Orientation Test (Lai et al., 1998). Participants indicated their intention to take the hypothetical vaccine after reading information for each of the treatment combinations defined by the two HBM variables. The order of the presentation of each of the six treatment conditions was counterbalanced. Results of ANOVA showed that the effects of the two...
Book reviews - A history of engineering and science in the bell system, National service in war and peace

Control Systems Magazine is a new magazine for the control systems society. We hope that it will be an effective channel of communication among the members of the Society. I am honored to be asked to serve as an associate editor for book reviews of this magazine. This will become a reality only with your help. I would like to ask each one of you who is in the teaching profession to consider the following: suppose you teach a course directly related to our members’ interests (optimal control, estimation, identification, digital control, optimization, operations research, stochastic control, control applications, ...I and you are using a recent text; would it be very difficult for you to sit down after the semester is over and write two to three pages reviewing the text? You could certainly include the students’ reactions to the selected text. This would not be very difficult and I hope you seriously consider the above thought. This will be an excellent service for our colleagues and a great help to those who are in the teaching profession. Therefore, I would ask that, after the end of each semester when you had used a new text (or a text which you think has not been reviewed), that you take one to two hours to write a book review and send it to me. I would also appreciate it very much if those members of the society who have been reading and using a book directly related to the interests of the society could take some time to write down their thoughts about the book and mail them to me. In this way, those members which have chosen an academic career will have a chance to hear the opinion of those who are making theory work everyday. I know that with your help, the book reviews section will be an integral and successful part of our new magazine. Peter P. Groumpos,  (216) 687-2592
Henry Fanshawe Tozer: A "Missing Person" in Historical Geography?

This fragment of an ongoing research project into the historical relations of geography and classics introduces a minor but significant scholar, Henry Fanshawe Tozer (1829–1916). Tozer’s lectures on the geography of ancient Greece as part of an effort to modernize Oxford University’s curriculum; his exploratory travels in the Balkans, the Aegean, and Asia Minor that resulted in three classic volumes; his book of selections from Strabo as an alternative to standard classical texts; and his well-regarded History of Ancient Geography entitle him to consideration from geographers. Most of his books have been reprinted (from 75 to 135 years after their initial publication), and he was regarded in his own time as a geographer. Yet few Anglo-American geographers today know his work. His selection for the Dictionary of National Biography’s “Missing Persons” volume in 1993 and his omission from more recent surveys, such as those in the 2003 British Academy volume on British geography, suggest how much more we have yet to learn about the nineteenth-century roots of our discipline.
Shaping requirements for institutional Web applications: experience from an industrial project

In this paper we recount the experience and the lessons we learned trying to use concretely and in-depth a requirements engineering method (called AWARE) combined with a conceptual user-centered design method (called W2000) for the development of the institutional Web site of the Superior Council for Public Works of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transportation in Italy. The project is framed within its contractual context, and discussed through the process followed and the artifacts produced during requirements analysis and design. Lessons learned are depicted from a twofold perspective. From the one side they crystallize insights from the research experience of using and transferring the methods to industry, suggesting practical and methodological recommendations. From the other they express what a medium-size software company has experienced trying to use academic methods.
Ego autonomy, autokinesis and recovery from psychosis.

This paper has a double purpose. One is to present a test procedure which provides a measure of recovery from mental illness following somatotherapy, and as such, provides a prognostic tool. The other is that it provides supportive evidence for conceptual additions to psychoanalytic theory. In another paper, 4 I defined a principle of ego organization called the ego-close—ego-distance principle. This principle carries forward a long history of interest in typing normal and abnormal people. A curious and striking commonality was found in the descriptive phrases of these typologies, which can be given conceptual meaning within psychoanalytic theory. This new concept, ego-closeness—ego-distance, was given operational meaning by defining ego-closeness as a high dependence on stimuli from the external environment and a compelling need to invest attention-cathexis in external objects. The experience of "self" is more in terms of external values and circumstances. Ego-distance implies
Hybrid MSW + VO solution of the solar neutrino problem in string-motivated unified theories

It is shown that the hybrid MSW + VO solution of the solar neutrino problem, according to which the solar ν e undergo matter-enhanced transitions into ν μ , τ in the Sun followed by long wave length ( ∼1.5×10 8 km) ν e ↔ ν μ , τ oscillations in vacuum between the Sun and the Earth, can occur naturally in string-motivated grand unified theories. We consider the supersymmetric version of a string-type SU (4)⊗ SU (2) L ⊗ SU (2) R theory with U (1) X family symmetry, which was shown to successfully describe the charged fermion masses and the quark mixing, and extend the earlier fermion mass analysis to the neutrino sector. We show that the four oscillation parameters Δm 31 2 , Δm 21 2 and sin 2 2 θ 12 , sin 2 2 θ 13 , characterising the combined matter-enhanced transitions and vacuum oscillations of the solar ν e , naturally get values in the ranges of the hybrid MSW + VO solutions found recently.
Completing the dark matter solutions in degenerate Kaluza-Klein theory

A complete set of wave solutions is given for the weak field in a Kaluza-Klein theory with degenerate metric. In the five-dimensional version of this theory, electromagnetism is described by two vector fields, and there is a reflection symmetry between them which unifies them with gravitation; wave behavior in the extra dimension has been interpreted as dark matter. Here, three independent dark matter solutions are found, and for two of them, it is shown how they must be combined into a single solution in order to obey the reflection symmetry. The unification is also expanded to six dimensions to prepare the way to include further forces.
Residual stress and phase characterisation on zirconium oxides using synchrotron X-ray diffraction

The present work was produced as part of the MUZIC consortium, a collaboration between a multi-university team from the UK and industrial partners working on the field of nuclear energy, fabrication of alloys and nuclear research. The aim of the project is to establish a multidiscipline mechanistic understanding of the corrosion and breakaway processes of zirconium alloys used as fuel cladding materials in the nuclear industry. A better understanding of the corrosion mechanism of zirconium alloys will not only aid the development of better performing alloys, but will also allow more accurate models to be developed to reliably predict the service life of existing alloys. This could lead to higher burn-up, increase of energy production and reduction of nuclear waste produced.This work seeks to provide a better understanding of the role of residual stresses in the oxide, which are produced during oxidation due to high Pilling-Bedworth ratio and their impact on oxide phase transformation and oxidation kinetics by employing high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques. This is achieved by observing how stresses change as oxide growth approaches and passes through transition of the corrosion kinetics, their evolution across the oxide thickness, in situ characterising stresses and phase growth early in oxidation process and how stress changes can affect corrosion properties.It was found that relatively high compressive stresses in the two oxide crystal structures are present. The stresses relax with time up to moments before transition where a possible threshold stress magnitude is reached to aid an extensive tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation. This generalised tetragonal to monoclinic transformation is believed to produce highly stressed monoclinic crystal structure grains and cause defects in the oxide. The above observation is further supported by a decrease of the tetragonal zirconia content. This is the moment that the oxide looses its protective character and a transition of the corrosion kinetics occurs. By comparing different materials it was observed that the minimum magnitude of the tetragonal phase is lower in better performing alloys while the tetragonal content is some cases was relatively low. It is suggested that the amount of the tetragonal phase, in the oxide layer, is not as important as the rate of it transforming into monoclinic. The extent of tetragonal to monoclinic transformation, that introduces defects in the oxide, defines how protective an oxide layer is.The present work provides a contribution to the available knowledge of the importance of residual stresses in the oxide layer and metal substrate of zirconium alloys and how they can affect corrosion rates or act as a precursor to the corrosion transition.
Parodia w opowiadaniach Tatiany Tołstoj

Tatyana Tolstaya is one of the most accomplished contemporary Russian writers. She represents a postmodernist trend of which parody is a vital part. In her prose one can find parodies of political systems, social groups, romantic ideals, Soviet reality and human behavior. The article analyzes Tolstaya’s use of parody in her most popular stories, i.e. Hunting the Wooly Mammoth , Fire and Dust , Night , The Fakir and Okkervil River .
Homology and the hierarchy of biological systems.

Homology is the similarity between organisms due to common ancestry. Introduced by Richard Owen in 1843 in a paper entitled "Lectures on comparative anatomy and physiology of the invertebrate animals", the concept of homology predates Darwin's "Origin of Species" and has been very influential throughout the history of evolutionary biology. Although homology is the central concept of all comparative biology and provides a logical basis for it, the definition of the term and the criteria of its application remain controversial. Here, I will discuss homology in the context of the hierarchy of biological organization. I will provide insights gained from an exemplary case study in evolutionary developmental biology that indicates the uncoupling of homology at different levels of biological organization. I argue that continuity and hierarchy are separate but equally important issues of homology.
Scattering amplitudes: the most perfect microscopic structures in the universe

This review gives an overview of many of the recent developments in understanding the structure of relativistic scattering amplitudes in gauge theories ranging from QCD to super-Yang?Mills theory, as well as (super)gravity. I also provide a pedagogical introduction to some of the basic tools used to organize and illuminate the color and kinematic structure of amplitudes. This is an invited review introducing a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to 'Scattering amplitudes in gauge theories'.
Geochemical character of Silurian volcanism in SW Ireland

The Dunquin Group (mid-Silurian) of Dingle, southwest Ireland is a sequence of basaltic to rhyolitic lavas and pyroclastic rocks interbedded with shallow- to non-marine sediments that records one of only four known outbreaks of Silurian volcanicity south of the Iapetus Suture in the British Isles. New geochemical, petrographic and field evidence indicate that the volcanic sequences exposed in the Dunquin inlier, and the islands of Beginish and Inishvickillane could have formed by fractionational crystallization in a layered, repeatedly replenished basaltic magma chamber, the site of which is probably coincident with an intense aeromagnetic anomaly to the southwest of Inishvickillane. The volcanic suite is subalkaline, transitional between calc-alkaline and tholeiitic and is non-bimodal. High LILE/HFSE ratios and high LREE concentrations suggest that the parent basaltic magmas were generated at a destructive continental margin, although subduction may have ceased before eruption.
A Monadic, Functional Implementation of Real Numbers

Large scale real number computation is an essential ingredient in several modern mathematical proofs. Because such lengthy computations cannot be verified by hand, some mathematicians want to use software proof assistants to verify the correctness of these proofs. This paper develops a new implementation of the constructive real numbers and elementary functions for such proofs by using the monad properties of the completion operation on metric spaces. Bishop and Bridges's notion (Bishop and Bridges 1985) of regular sequences is generalised to what I call regular functions, which form the completion of any metric space. Using the monad operations, continuous functions on length spaces (which are a common subclass of metric spaces) are created by lifting continuous functions on the original space. A prototype Haskell implementation has been created. I believe that this approach yields a real number library that is reasonably efficient for computation, and still simple enough to verify its correctness easily.