nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiographic and electrocardiographic parameters of myocardial reperfusion in angioplasty of patients with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction loaded with ticagrelor or clopidogrel (MICAMI-TICLO trial).

Ticagrelor has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with ACS. However, the effects of this drug on parameters of microvascular flow in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have not been completely evaluated.



Ninety-two patients presenting with STEMI where randomized to a loading dose of clopidogrel (600 mg) or ticagrelor (180 mg) before undergoing primary angioplasty. We assessed angiographic and electrocardiographic parameters of myocardial reperfusion. Blinded operators calculated angiographic corrected TIMI Frame count (cTFC) and myocardial blush grade (MBG) before and after stent implantation. ST segment resolution was also measured in all patients. Primary endpoint was cTFC after PCI. Secondary endpoints were cTFC prior to PCI, TIMI flow grade, MBG and the percentage of ST resolution.



Of the 92 randomized patients, 70 patients were analyzed. Mean age of patients was 58.8±10 years. Patients presented with a mean ischemic time of 4.4±2.6 hours. There were no significant differences in the time between loading dose and stent deployment (35.2±36.4 in ticagrelor and 42.7±29.5 min in clopidogrel, p=0.36). cTFC before angioplasty was significantly lower in ticagrelor than in clopidogrel (81.1±29.4 vs. 95.1±17.5 frames respectively, p=0.01). After angioplasty there were no differences between ticagrelor and clopidogrel in cTFC (24.6±9.3 vs. 27.0±13.4 frames respectively, p=0.62); MBG grade 3 was present in 76.4 vs. 69.4% of patients, respectively (p=0.41). The percentage of ST resolution did not show any differences between groups (84.8±23.4 in ticagrelor vs. 70.8±33.7 in clopidogrel, p=0.36).



Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor loading in patients presenting with STEMI is not associated with an improvement of angiographic and electrocardiographic parameters of myocardial reperfusion after angioplasty.
Radiation exposure, the ATM Gene, and contralateral breast cancer in the women's environmental cancer and radiation epidemiology study.

Ionizing radiation is a known mutagen and an established breast carcinogen. The ATM gene is a key regulator of cellular responses to the DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. We investigated whether genetic variants in ATM play a clinically significant role in radiation-induced contralateral breast cancer in women.



The Women's Environmental, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology Study is an international population-based case-control study nested within a cohort of 52,536 survivors of unilateral breast cancer diagnosed between 1985 and 2000. The 708 case subjects were women with contralateral breast cancer, and the 1397 control subjects were women with unilateral breast cancer matched to the case subjects on age, follow-up time, registry reporting region, and race and/or ethnicity. All women were interviewed and underwent full mutation screening of the entire ATM gene. Complete medical treatment history information was collected, and for all women who received radiotherapy, the radiation dose to the contralateral breast was reconstructed using radiotherapy records and radiation measurements. Rate ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using multivariable conditional logistic regression. All P values are two-sided.



Among women who carried a rare ATM missense variant (ie, one carried by <1% of the study participants) that was predicted to be deleterious, those who were exposed to radiation (mean radiation exposure = 1.2 Gy, SD = 0.7) had a statistically significantly higher risk of contralateral breast cancer compared with unexposed women who carried the wild-type genotype (0.01-0.99 Gy: RR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.2 to 6.5; > or =1.0 Gy: RR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.4 to 8.0) or compared with unexposed women who carried the same predicted deleterious missense variant (0.01-0.99 Gy: RR = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.6 to 17.3; > or =1.0 Gy: RR = 5.8, 95% CI = 1.8 to 19.0; P(trend) = .044).



Women who carry rare deleterious ATM missense variants and who are treated with radiation may have an elevated risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. However, the rarity of these deleterious missense variants in human populations implies that ATM mutations could account for only a small portion of second primary breast cancers.
Clear distinction between preattentive and attentive process in schizophrenia by visual search performance

Visual information-processing deficits were investigated in patients with schizophrenia using visual search tasks. Subjects comprised 20 patients with schizophrenia and 20 normal subjects. Visual search tasks were modified from those used previously to reveal more distinct differences between feature and conjunction search tasks. The presentation area of items in the present study was more than double the area used in our previous study [Mori, S., Tanaka, G., Ayaka, Y., Michitsuji, S., Niwa, H., Uemura, M., Ohta, Y., 1996. Preattentive and focal attentional processes in schizophrenia: a visual search study. Schizophrenia Research 22, 69-76], and items were distributed over the area randomly in each trial to produce a certain range of locational jitter for each item across trials that prevented a matrix-like presentation of items at fixed positions [Mori, S., Tanaka, G., Ayaka, Y., Michitsuji, S., Niwa, H., Uemura, M., Ohta, Y., 1996. Preattentive and focal attentional processes in schizophrenia: a visual search study. Schizophrenia Research 22, 69-76]. The target was a red square, and distractors were red circles in the feature search task and red circles and green squares in the conjunction search task. Slopes and intercepts of a linear function relating reaction times to set size were computed. In the feature search task, slopes for both groups were almost zero. In the conjunction search task, significant differences in slopes were seen between the two groups irrespective of target presence or absence. Moreover, the slopes were approximately twice as steep during target absence as during target presence. These results indicate more definitively than the results of our previous study [Mori, S., Tanaka, G., Ayaka, Y., Michitsuji, S., Niwa, H., Uemura, M., Ohta, Y., 1996. Preattentive and focal attentional processes in schizophrenia: a visual search study. Schizophrenia Research 22, 69-76] that patients with schizophrenia have deficits in focal attentional processing, although their preattentive processing functions at a normal level.
Early changes of the arterial carotid wall in uncomplicated primary hypertensive patients. Study by ultrasound high-resolution B-mode imaging.

Arterial hypertension is frequently responsible for arteriosclerotic damage in the carotid region. Nevertheless, there is as yet no general agreement that hypertension is correlated with lesions detected by noninvasive means in the carotid arteries. We studied, by noninvasive echotomographic technique, 70 uncomplicated primary hypertensive individuals without clinically evident end-organ complications and 30 normotensive matched control subjects to detect early lesions of carotid arteries. The presence of other cardiovascular risk factors was assessed, and heart structure and function were studied by echocardiography. Although hypertensive individuals were comparable to control subjects for other risk factors, they showed a marked increase in the thickness of the intimal-medial complex of the carotid wall (0.71 +/- 0.4 versus 0.56 +/- 0.2 mm, P < .001 in the right carotid and 0.83 +/- 0.3 versus 0.58 +/- 0.2, P < .003 in the left), in left ventricular mass (203 +/- 52 versus 176 +/- 37 g, P < .05), and in the prevalence of definite plaques of the carotid wall, both monolaterally and bilaterally (P < .003 by chi 2 test). Among the different factors contributing to the increase in thickness of the carotid artery wall, standing blood pressure, serum triglycerides, and age were found to be the best predictors (they accounted for about 16% of the variability, P < .005). These results indicate that carotid arteries of hypertensive individuals undergo degenerative changes, just as shown for hypercholesterolemic and diabetic patients in other studies. This supports the use of B-mode ultrasound imaging to detect early involvement of the carotid region before the appearance of any end-organ damage of hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Material-specific recognition memory deficits elicited by unilateral hippocampal electrical stimulation.

Although the medial temporal lobe is thought to be critical for recognition memory (RM), the specific role of the hippocampus in RM remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of transient unilateral hippocampal electrical stimulation (ES), subthreshold for afterdischarge, on delayed item RM in epilepsy patients implanted with bilateral hippocampal depth electrodes. RM was assessed using a novel computer-controlled test paradigm in which ES to left or right hippocampus was either absent (baseline) or synchronized with item presentation. Subsequent yes-no RM performance revealed a double dissociation between material-specific RM and the lateralization of ES. Left hippocampal ES produced word RM deficits, whereas right hippocampal ES produced face RM deficits. Our findings provide the first demonstration in humans that selective unilateral stimulation-induced hippocampal disruption is sufficient to produce impairments on delayed RM tasks and provide support for the material-specific laterality of hippocampal function with respect to RM.
The prognostic value of pre-discharge exercise testing after myocardial infarction treated with either primary PCI or fibrinolysis: a DANAMI-2 sub-study.

To evaluate the prognostic importance of pre-discharge maximal symptom-limited exercise testing (ET) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the era of aggressive reperfusion.



In the DANAMI-2 (the second DANish trial in AMI) study, patients with ST-elevation AMI (STEMI) were randomized to primary angioplasty (PCI) or fibrinolysis. Of 1462 patients discharged alive, 1164 (79.6%) performed an ET. Primary endpoint was a composite of death and re-infarction. Patients randomized to fibrinolysis developed ST-depression to a greater extent than patients randomized to primary PCI (21.7 vs. 15.3%, P=0.007). Multivariable predictors of death and re-infarction included age, gender, diabetes, previous stroke, anterior AMI, randomization to fibrinolysis, and exercise capacity [risk ratio (RR) 0.82 (0.72-0.93); P<0.001]. ST-depression was predictive of the clinical outcome [RR 1.57 (1.00-2.48); P<0.05] in multivariable analysis, but stratified according to treatment groups there was a significant association between ST-depression and outcome in the fibrinolysis group [RR 1.95 (1.11-3.44); P<0.05], but not in the primary PCI group [RR 1.06 (0.47-2.36); P=ns]. However, the P-value for interaction was 0.15.



Exercise testing after contemporary reperfusion therapies for STEMI confers important prognostic information. Exercise capacity is a strong prognostic predictor of death and re-infarction irrespective of treatment strategy, whereas the prognostic significance of ST-depression seems to be strongest in the fibrinolysis-treated patients.
Two solutions for registration of ultrasound to MRI for image-guided prostate interventions

Ultrasound-guided prostate interventions could benefit from incorporating the radiologic localization of the tumor which can be acquired from multiparametric MRI. To enable this integration, we propose and compare two solutions for registration of T2 weighted MR images with transrectal ultrasound. Firstly, we propose an innovative and practical approach based on deformable registration of binary label maps obtained from manual segmentation of the gland in the two modalities. This resulted in a target registration error of 3.6±1.7 mm. Secondly, we report a novel surface-based registration method that uses a biomechanical model of the tissue and results in registration error of 3.2±1.3 mm. We compare the two methods in terms of accuracy, clinical use and technical limitations.
Analysis of Hydroxy Fatty Acids from the Pollen of Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC. by UPLC-MS/MS

Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with negative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to determine 7 hydroxy fatty acids in the pollen of Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC. All the investigated hydroxy fatty acids showed strong deprotonated molecular ions [M-H](-), which underwent two major fragment pathways of the allyl scission and the β-fission of the alcoholic hydroxyl group. By comparison of their molecular ions and abundant fragment ions with those of reference compounds, they were tentatively assigned as 15,16-dihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (1), 10,11,12-trihydroxy-(7Z,14Z)-heptadecadienoic acid (2), 7,15,16-trihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (3), 15,16-dihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (4), 15-hydroxy-6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoic acid (5), 15-hydroxy-9Z,12Z- octadecadienoic acid (6), and 15-hydroxy-12Z-octadecaenoic acid (7), respectively. Compounds 3, 5, and 7 are reported for the first time.
Visual evoked potentials in the diagnosis of headache before 5 years of age

Headache is a common complaint in children. Diagnosis of the type of headache and therapeutic approach is predominantly clinical based on a detailed history and physical examination. These data are often not available or informative in young children with headache, leading clinicians to look for diagnostic studies. We reviewed our experience with 53 children under the age of 5 years with headache. Of these, 42 (75%) children underwent neuro-imaging studies including CT scan (32 cases), MRI (10 cases), or both studies (6 cases). All were within normal limits except for two cases with a small arachnoid cyst and cerebellar hypoplasia respectively which were not directly related to the headache. Visual evoked potentials were performed in all children. There were no significant differences between the mean latencies of N1P100 and N2 of the children with clinically diagnosed migraine, however, the P100-N2 amplitudes of children with migraine were significantly larger compared to those of children without migraine. Even in young children with headache, neuro-imaging studies have a very limited diagnostic value. Visual evoked potentials may also be used in this age group as a diagnostic tool, particularly when clinical symptoms are either unavailable or not characteristic.  The diagnosis of migraine in young children remains clinical, based on history obtained from children and parents; however, visual evoked potentials may support the diagnosis in this age group.
NLP based congestive heart failure case finding: A prospective analysis on statewide electronic medical records

In order to proactively manage congestive heart failure (CHF) patients, an effective CHF case finding algorithm is required to process both structured and unstructured electronic medical records (EMR) to allow complementary and cost-efficient identification of CHF patients.



We set to identify CHF cases from both EMR codified and natural language processing (NLP) found cases. Using narrative clinical notes from all Maine Health Information Exchange (HIE) patients, the NLP case finding algorithm was retrospectively (July 1, 2012-June 30, 2013) developed with a random subset of HIE associated facilities, and blind-tested with the remaining facilities. The NLP based method was integrated into a live HIE population exploration system and validated prospectively (July 1, 2013-June 30, 2014). Total of 18,295 codified CHF patients were included in Maine HIE. Among the 253,803 subjects without CHF codings, our case finding algorithm prospectively identified 2411 uncodified CHF cases. The positive predictive value (PPV) is 0.914, and 70.1% of these 2411 cases were found to be with CHF histories in the clinical notes.



A CHF case finding algorithm was developed, tested and prospectively validated. The successful integration of the CHF case findings algorithm into the Maine HIE live system is expected to improve the Maine CHF care.
Associations of HLA-DP Variants with Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Southern and Northern Han Chinese Populations: A Multicenter Case-Control Study

Human leukocyte antigen DP (HLA-DP) locus has been reported to be associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in populations of Japan and Thailand. We aimed to examine whether the association can be replicated in Han Chinese populations.



Two HLA-DP variants rs2395309 and rs9277535 (the most strongly associated SNPs from each HLA-DP locus) were genotyped in three independent Han cohorts consisting of 2 805 cases and 1 796 controls. By using logistic regression analysis, these two SNPs in the HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 genes were significantly associated with HBV infection in Han Chinese populations (P = 0.021∼3.36×10(-8) at rs2395309; P = 8.37×10(-3)∼2.68×10(-10) at rs9277535). In addition, the genotype distributions of both sites (rs2395309 and rs9277535) were clearly different between southern and northern Chinese population (P = 8.95×10(-5) at rs2395309; P = 1.64×10(-9) at rs9277535). By using asymptomatic HBV carrier as control group, our study showed that there were no associations of two HLA-DP variants with HBV progression (P = 0.305∼0.822 and 0.163∼0.881 in southern Chinese population, respectively; P = 0.097∼0.697 and 0.198∼0.615 in northern Chinese population, respectively).



Our results confirmed that two SNPs (rs2395309 and rs9277535) in the HLA-DP loci were strongly associated with HBV infection in southern and northern Han Chinese populations, but not with HBV progression.
Vildagliptin therapy reduces postprandial intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in patients with type 2 diabetes

We assessed the effects of vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, on postprandial lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. This was a single-centre, randomised, double-blind study in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients received vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily, n=15) or placebo (n=16) for 4 weeks. Triglyceride, cholesterol, lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses to a fat-rich mixed meal were determined for 8 h postprandially before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Relative to placebo, 4 weeks of treatment with vildagliptin decreased the AUC0–8h for total trigyceride by 22±11% (p=0.037), the incremental AUC0–8h (IAUC0–8h) for total triglyceride by 85±47% (p=0.065), the AUC0–8h for chylomicron triglyceride by 65±19% (p=0.001) and the IAUC0–8h for chylomicron triglyceride by 91±28% (p=0.002). This was associated with a decrease in chylomicron apolipoprotein B-48 (AUC0–8h, −1.0±0.5 mg l−1 h, p=0.037) and chylomicron cholesterol (AUC0–8h, −0.14±0.07 mmol l−1 h, p=0.046). Consistent with previous studies, 4 weeks of treatment with vildagliptin also increased intact GLP-1, suppressed inappropriate glucagon secretion, decreased fasting and postprandial glucose, and decreased HbA1c from a baseline of 6.7% (change, −0.4±0.1%, p<0.001), all relative to placebo. Treatment with vildagliptin for 4 weeks improves postprandial plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein B-48-containing triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle metabolism after a fat-rich meal. The mechanisms underlying the effects of this dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor on postprandial lipid metabolism remain to be explored.
Continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen: long-term effects on spasticity in spinal cord injury

The effects of intrathecal baclofen infusion were studied in 9 spinal cord injury patients whose spasticity had been refractory to oral medications. In a two stage, placebo controlled trial, baclofen was administered into the lumbar intrathecal space and subsequent clinical and neurophysiologic changes were assessed. In stage 1, 9 patients underwent a 5 day percutaneous infusion of baclofen and placebo via an external pump. Ashworth and reflex scores were assessed at time of enrollment, after infusion of that amount of baclofen which provided optimal spasticity control and after intrathecal infusion of placebo. The mean Ashworth grade decreased from 3.78 ± 1.34 to 1.16 ± 0.48 (p < 0.001) while mean reflex score decreased from 3.57 ± 1.05 to 0.64 ± 0.87 (p < 0.001). These values differed significantly from those associated with placebo therapy (Ashworth grade—2.54 ± 1.04, p < 0.001; reflex score—2.56 ± 1.04, p < 0.01). Objective improvements in functional abilities and independence were noted in 8 patients, while somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked potentials were unchanged in all patients. Urodynamic evaluation revealed increased bladder capacity in 3 patients, while in 4 no change was observed.In Stage 2, permanent programmable infusion pumps were implanted in 7 patients who demonstrated a good response during Stage 1. In this group, mean Ashworth score decreased from 3.79 ± 0.69 to 2 ± 0.96 (p < 0.001) and mean reflex score decreased from 3.85 ± 0.62 to 2.18 ± 0.43 (p < 0.001). Baclofen dosage increased from 182 ± 135 to 528 ± 266 mcg/day over the 3-22 month follow-up period. Most of the dosage increase occurred within the initial 12 months following infusion pump implantation and tended to plateau thereafter.Minor complications such as catheter dislodgement/kinking and nausea occurred infrequently while no device related infections were observed. There was no clinical evidence of any significant baclofen neurotoxicity either in Stage 1 or 2. The only ambulatory patient developed marked lower extremity weakness during Stage 1 intrathecal baclofen infusion and was temporarily unable to walk.We conclude that continuous administration of intrathecal baclofen is an effective and safe modality for spasticity control in patients who are refractory to oral medications.
Intronic locus determines SHROOM3 expression and potentiates renal allograft fibrosis.

Fibrosis underlies the loss of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in kidney transplant recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Here, we studied the effect of an intronic SNP in SHROOM3, which has previously been linked to CKD, on the development of CAN in a prospective cohort of renal allograft recipients. The presence of the rs17319721 allele at the SHROOM3 locus in the donor correlated with increased SHROOM3 expression in the allograft. In vitro, we determined that the sequence containing the risk allele at rs17319721 is a transcription factor 7-like 2-dependent (TCF7L2-dependent) enhancer element that functions to increase SHROOM3 transcription. In renal tubular cells, TGF-β1 administration upregulated SHROOM3 expression in a β-catenin/TCF7L2-mediated manner, while SHROOM3 in turn facilitated canonical TGF-β1 signaling and increased α1 collagen (COL1A1) expression. Inducible and tubular cell-specific knockdown of Shroom3 markedly abrogated interstitial fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteric obstruction. Moreover, SHROOM3 expression in allografts at 3 months after transplant and the presence of the SHROOM3 risk allele in the donor correlated with increased allograft fibrosis and with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate at 12 months after transplant. Our findings suggest that rs17319721 functions as a cis-acting expression quantitative trait locus of SHROOM3 that facilitates TGF-β1 signaling and contributes to allograft injury.