nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of temperament as vulnerability factors in depression

In order to evaluate the hypothesis that one set of genetic risk factors may be common to disorders and dimensions of temperament, whereas environmental risk factors are disorder specific, we have conducted a genetic analysis of dimensions of temperament and symptoms of depression in about 201 pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Dimensions of temperament associated with novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence were measured by using the Temperament and Character Instruments developed by Cloninger, and depressive symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Differences among individuals on these measures can be explained by differences in their genes and in their environmental experiences. There are no differences between the sexes in gene action affecting temperament. Each dimension of temperament is genetically dependent, and genetic variations in symptoms of depression are largely dependent on the same factors that affect the temperament. Temperament is closely associated with vulnerability to depressive symptoms.
Combination of long-acting HIV fusion inhibitor albuvirtide and LPV/r showed potent efficacy in HIV-1 patients

Long acting antiretroviral drugs represent a promising approach for chronic treatment of HIV infection. Here, we study the efficacy and safety of albuvirtide (ABT), an HIV-1 fusion inhibitor with a half life of 11-12 days in human.



ABT was evaluated in a 7-week, open-label and randomized trial, combining with LPV/r. Twenty HIV-1-infected adults were assigned to two dose groups, receiving ABT (160 or 320 mg) given weekly and LPV/r given twice daily.



At week 7, the decline of HIV-1 RNA from baseline was 1.9 (1.3-2.3) log10 and 2.2 (1.6-2.7) log10 copies/ml, and suppression of HIV-1 RNA to below 50 copies/ml was achieved in 11.1 % (1/9) and 55.6 % (5/9) patients, for the 160 and 320 mg dose group respectively.



A clear dose-efficacy correlation of ABT was demonstrated. ABT combining with LPV/r is a promising two-drug regimen to be tested in larger patient population.
β-Blockers and All-Cause Mortality in Adults with Episodes of Acute Bronchitis: An Observational Study

Recent observational studies suggest that β-blockers may improve long-term prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed whether β-blocker use improves all-cause mortality in patients with episodes of acute bronchitis.



An observational cohort study using data from the electronic medical records of 23 general practices in the Netherlands. The data included standardized information about daily patient contacts, diagnoses, and drug prescriptions. Cox regression was applied with time-varying treatment and covariates.



The study included 4,493 patients aged 45 years and older, with at least one episode of acute bronchitis between 1996 and 2006. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 66.9 (11.7) years, and 41.9% were male. During a mean (SD) follow up period of 7.7 (2.5) years, 20.4% developed COPD. In total, 22.7% had cardiovascular comorbidities, resulting in significant higher mortality rates than those without (51.7% vs. 12.0%, p<0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio of cardioselective β-blocker use for mortality was 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.77), and 1.01 (95% CI 0.75-1.36) for non-selective ones. Some other cardiovascular drugs also reduced the risk of mortality, with adjusted HRs of 0.60 (95% CI 0.46-0.79) for calcium channel blockers, 0.88 (95% CI 0.73-1.06) for ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and 0.42 (95% CI 0.31-0.57) for statins, respectively.



Cardiovascular comorbidities are common and increase the risk of mortality in adults with episodes of acute bronchitis. Cardioselective β-blockers, but also calcium channel blockers and statins may reduce mortality, possibly as a result of cardiovascular protective properties.
How continuous monitoring changes the interaction of patients with a mobile telemedicine system.

The combination of telemedicine systems integrating mobile technologies with the use of continuous glucose monitors improves patients' glycemic control but demands a higher interaction with information technology tools that must be assessed. In this article, we analyze patients' behavior from the use-of-the-system point of view, identifying how continuous monitoring may change the interaction of patients with the mobile telemedicine system.



Patients' behavior were evaluated in a clinical experiment consisting of a 2-month crossover randomized study with 10 type 1 diabetes patients. During the entire experiment, patients used the DIABTel telemedicine system, and during the intervention phase, they wore a continuous glucose monitor. Throughout the experiment, all user actions were automatically registered. This article analyzes the occurrence of events and the behavior patterns in blood glucose (BG) self-monitoring and insulin adjustments. A subjective evaluation was also performed based on the answers of the patients to a questionnaire delivered at the end of the study.



The number of sessions established with the mobile Smart Assistant was considerably higher during the intervention period than in the control period (29.0 versus 18.8, p < .05), and it was also higher than the number of Web sessions (29.0 versus 22.2, p < .01). The number of daily boluses was higher during the intervention period than in the control period (5.27 versus 4.40, p < .01). The number of daily BG measurements was also higher during the intervention period (4.68 versus 4.05, p < .05) and, in percentage, patients increased the BG measurements not associated to meals while decreasing the percentage of preprandial measurements. The subjective evaluation shows that patients would recommend the use of DIABTel in routine care.



The use of a continuous glucose monitor changes the way patients manage their diabetes, as observed in the increased number of daily insulin bolus, the increased number of daily BG measurements, and the differences in the distribution of BG measurements throughout the day. Continuous monitoring also increases the interaction of patients with the information system and modifies their patterns of use. We can conclude that mobile technologies are especially useful in scenarios of tight monitoring in diabetes, and they are well accepted by patients.
Gadolinium — DTPA in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain

This report concerns a clinical trial with Gd-DTPA as an intravenous contrast medium for MRI in patients with neurological disorders. 50 patients (30 female, 20 male) were examined without and with Gd-DTPA and the results of CT scanning and MR scanning without and with Gd-DTPA were compared. All patients tolerated the contrast medium very well. In the various patient groups, Gd-DTPA often added to the information. This was especially true in the tumor group, where better delineation of tumor, blood, and edema was obtained.
The clinicopathological features of second primary cancer in patients with prior breast cancer

Nowadays, the risk of developing second primary cancers among women diagnosed with prior breast cancer represents a public health issue worldwide.Twenty-eight cases of the primary breast cancer with the multiple primary cancers (MPC) between 2008 and 2015 at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed in regards to age of patients, family history, interval time of the 2 cancers, and survival time of these patients.A total 28 cases were analyzed, at the mean age of 44.57 years at the diagnosis of the first primary cancer. The most common primary cancer in these breast cancer patients was contralateral breast cancer. Of 28 patients with breast cancer, 16 developed a second malignant tumor of the opposite breast, there were no significant difference both median age at first breast cancer and second breast cancer (P > .05). The difference of interval time of 2 cancers also had no statistical significance. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between the bilateral primary breast cancers (BPBC) group and the group of breast cancer patients who diagnosed with another cancer (P > .05). If we grouped patients age of diagnosed with the first cancer (<45, ≥45 years), no statistical different between 2 groups (P > .05). However, the survival time with positive-node patients was lower than in patients with node-negative, the difference had a notable significant difference (P < .01). And there are 3 cases had a positive family history for malignant tumor in the form of first-degree relative.Multiple primary carcinoma in patients with prior breast cancer is not the influencing factor of prognosis. It is crucial to detect, diagnose, and treat cancers at their early stage for improving the cure rate of cancer and the survival rate of patients.
Effects of cognitive stimulation therapy Japanese version (CST-J) for people with dementia: a single-blind, controlled clinical trial

Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) has shown to have significant benefits in improving the cognitive function and quality of life (QOL) in people with mild-to-moderate dementia in a UK randomized controlled trial (RCT). We developed and examined the Japanese version of group CST (CST-J) in a single-blind, controlled clinical trial.



CST-J consisting of 14 sessions was administered to a treatment group (n = 26) twice a week for 7 weeks. The treatment group was compared with a control group (n = 30). Based on single-blindness, cognition was evaluated by a researcher, and QOL and mood were rated by the participants themselves. Additionally, QOL and mood of participants were rated by care workers who were not blind but who observed them most directly in their daily life (important for social validity).



A linear mixed model was used for analyses of cognition and QOL. There were significant improvements in cognition [COGNISTAT (Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination) and MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination)] for the treatment group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Regarding QOL, the EQ-5D was significant (p = 0.019) and the QoL-AD (Quality of Life - Alzheimer's Disease) showed a positive trend (p = 0.06) when rated by care workers, although not when rated by the participants themselves. Using a nonparametrical analysis, there were significant improvements in the face scale for mood when rated by both the participants (p < 0.01) and the care workers (p = 0.017).



The CST-J shows promising improvements in cognition, mood, and aspects of QOL for people with dementia in Japanese care settings. A large RCT is now needed.
Fatigue in persons with subacute spinal cord injury who are dependent on a manual wheelchair

To determine the prevalence and severity of fatigue in persons with subacute spinal cord injury (SCI), assess whether demographic and lesion characteristics are related to fatigue and determine the relationship with physical fitness and physical behavior.Measurements were performed 2 months before discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.Thirty-six persons with subacute SCI, dependent on a manual wheelchair, mean age 43±15 and 83% men, completed the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). FSS scores >4 indicated fatigue. We recorded age and lesion characteristics, measured body mass index, measured peak power output and peak oxygen uptake during a maximal handcycling test and determined physical behavior using an accelerometer-based activity monitor. T-tests were used to test for differences in fatigue between subgroups based on age and lesion characteristics, and regression analyses to assess the relationship with physical fitness and physical behavior.Mean FSS was 3.3±1.3. Fatigue, including severe fatigue, was prevalent in 31% (95% confidence interval: 16–46) of participants compared with 18% in the general population. Furthermore, mean fatigue was significantly higher in persons with incomplete compared with complete lesions (t=2.22, P=0.03). Mean scores between other subgroups did not differ significantly. Of the physical fitness and physical behavior measures, only peak oxygen uptake tended to be related to more fatigue (B=−1.47, P=0.05).Conclusion:Fatigue was prevalent and is of concern in persons with subacute SCI. Those with incomplete lesions seem to be at higher risk. Because fatigue is known to persist among persons with SCI, interventions to reduce fatigue seem necessary.
Adjuvant endocrine treatment (goserelin vs tamoxifen) in pre-menopausal patients with operable node positive stage II breast cancer. A prospective randomized national multicenter study.

To evaluate possible differences in effect on time to recurrence and overall survival in node positive pre-menopausal breast cancer patients (age < or = 50 years) receiving LHRH analogue or tamoxifen as adjuvant endocrine treatment.



Between January 1989 and July 1994, 320 patients with node positive (pN(+)) and hormone receptor positive or receptor status unknown tumors were included and randomized in a national multicenter study to receive either tamoxifen or goserelin as adjuvant treatment for two years. Primary surgical treatment was employed according to current standards. Final follow-up was completed as of December 2000. Time to events were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared by the log rank test. Relative risks were estimated by the Cox's proportional hazards model.



No differences in time to first recurrence or overall survival were observed between treatment groups. Proportions of patients in each group having a second breast cancer were also similar.



Standard adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen as compared to adjuvant LHRH analogue therapy employed in this group of breast cancer patients gave similar outcomes, but the number of patients was too small to formally exclude a potentially clinically relevant difference in survival.
The Effects of Experimentally Induced Low Back Pain on Spine Rotational Stiffness and Local Dynamic Stability

Local dynamic stability, quantified using the maximum finite-time Lyapunov exponent (λ max), and the muscular contributions to spine rotational stiffness can provide pertinent information regarding the neuromuscular control of the spine during movement tasks. The primary goal of the present study was to assess if experimental capsaicin-induced low back pain (LBP) affects spine stability and the neuromuscular control of repetitive trunk movements in a group of healthy participants with no history of LBP. Fourteen healthy males were recruited for this investigation. Each participant was asked to complete three trials (baseline, in pain, and recovery) of 35 cycles of a repetitive trunk flexion/extension task at a rate of 0.25 Hz. Local dynamic stability and the muscular contributions to lumbar spine rotational stiffness were significantly impaired during the LBP trial compared to the baseline trial (p < 0.05); however, there was a trend for these measures to recover after a 1 h rest. This study provides evidence that capsaicin can effectively induce LBP, thereby altering spine rotational stiffness and local dynamic stability. Future research should directly compare the effects capsaicin-induced LBP and intramuscular/intraligamentous induced LBP on these same variables.
Phase I study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of trabectedin with docetaxel in patients with advanced malignancies

Combination therapy with trabectedin and docetaxel was evaluated in patients with advanced malignancies. In this open-label phase 1 study, docetaxel (60 or 75 mg/m2; 1-h intravenous infusion) was given on day 1 of a 21-day cycle in combination with escalating doses of trabectedin (0.4–1.3 mg/m2 by 3-h intravenous infusion, 1 h after docetaxel) and prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) as primary objective and safety, plasma pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity as secondary objectives were assessed. Patients (N = 49) received a median of four cycles of treatment. MTD was 1.3 mg/m2 trabectedin and 60 mg/m2 docetaxel for patients with limited and 1.1 mg/m2 trabectedin and 60 mg/m2 docetaxel for patients with unlimited prior chemotherapy. Dose-limiting toxicities (during cycle 1) included elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and fatigue in patients with limited prior chemotherapy and elevated ALT and febrile neutropenia in those with unlimited prior chemotherapy. The most common drug-related adverse events were nausea (65 %), fatigue (63 %), and neutropenia (53 %). One patient achieved a complete response. Thirty patients had stable disease, and 11 had stable disease for ≥6 months. Pharmacokinetic results for trabectedin plus docetaxel were similar to those previously reported for the single agents. In patients with previously treated, advanced malignancies, the combination of therapeutic doses of trabectedin and docetaxel showed clinical activity and was tolerable with prophylactic G-CSF, with no evidence of clinically important drug interactions.
Discrepancies in perceptions of maternal aggression: implications for children of methadone-maintained mothers.

Despite a long history of documenting discrepancies in parent and child reports of parental care and child psychopathology, it has only been in recent years that researchers have begun to consider these discrepancies as meaningful indicators of parent-child relationship quality and as predictors of long-term child adjustment. Discrepancies in perceptions of parenting may be particularly important for the children of mothers with a history of substance abuse who may be less aware of the impact of their behavior on their child and of their child's internalizing symptoms. This study examined associations between (a) mother-child discrepancies in reports of maternal aggression, and (b) mother and child reports of child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Data collected from 99 mother-child dyads (with children 4-16 years of age) during the baseline phase of a randomized clinical trial testing a parenting intervention were used in this study. Measures included parent and child versions of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire and the Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children. Findings indicated that as children viewed their mothers as increasingly more aggressive than mothers viewed themselves, children reported more internalizing and externalizing symptoms but mothers only reported more child externalizing symptoms. Mother-child discrepancies in reports of parenting behavior have potentially meaningful implications for child emotional and behavioral problems.
Brain protection during ascending aortic repair for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection surgery. Nationwide analysis in Japan.

The optimal brain protection strategy for use during acute type A aortic dissection surgery is controversial.



We reviewed the results for 2 different methods: antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) and retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP), during ascending aortic repair for acute type A aortic dissection for the period between 2008 and 2012 nationwide. Cases involving root repair, arch vessel reconstruction and/or concomitant procedures were excluded. Using the Japan Adult Cardiovascular Surgery Database, a total of 4,128 patients (ACP, n=2,769; RCP, n=1,359; mean age, 69.1±11.8 years; male 41.9%) were identified. The overall operative mortality was 8.6%. Following propensity score matching, among 1,320 matched pairs, differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 patient groups diminished. Cardiac arrest time (ACP 116±36 vs. RCP102±38 min, P<0.001), perfusion time (192±54 vs. 174±53 min, P<0.001) and operative time (378±117 vs. 340±108 min, P<0.001) were significantly shorter in the RCP group. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding the incidence of operative mortality or neurological complications, including stroke (ACP 11.2% vs. RCP 9.7%). Postoperative ventilation time was significantly longer in the ACP group (ACP 128.9±355.7 vs. RCP 98.5±301.7 h, P=0.018). There were no differences in other early postoperative complications, such as re-exploration, renal failure, and mediastinitis.



Among patients undergoing dissection repair without arch vessel reconstruction, RCP had similar mortality and neurological outcome to ACP.
Pre-consultation educational group intervention to improve shared decision-making in postmastectomy breast reconstruction: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

The Pre-Consultation Educational Group INTERVENTION pilot study seeks to assess the feasibility and inform the optimal design for a definitive randomized controlled trial that aims to improve the quality of decision-making in postmastectomy breast reconstruction patients.



This is a mixed-methods pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial that will follow a single-center, 1:1 allocation, two-arm parallel group superiority design.



The University Health Network, a tertiary care cancer center in Toronto, Canada.



Adult women referred to one of three plastic and reconstructive surgeons for delayed breast reconstruction or prophylactic mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction.



We designed a multi-disciplinary educational group workshop that incorporates the key components of shared decision-making, decision-support, and psychosocial support for cancer survivors prior to the initial surgical consult. The intervention consists of didactic lectures by a plastic surgeon and nurse specialist on breast reconstruction choices, pre- and postoperative care; a value-clarification exercise led by a social worker; and discussions with a breast reconstruction patient.



Usual care includes access to an informational booklet, website, and patient volunteer if desired.



Expected pilot outcomes include feasibility, recruitment, and retention targets. Acceptability of intervention and full trial outcomes will be established through qualitative interviews. Trial outcomes will include decision-quality measures, patient-reported outcomes, and service outcomes, and the treatment effect estimate and variability will be used to inform the sample size calculation for a full trial.



Our pilot study seeks to identify the (1) feasibility, acceptability, and design of a definitive RCT and (2) the optimal content and delivery of our proposed educational group intervention. Thirty patients have been recruited to date (8 April 2013), of whom 15 have been randomized to one of three decision support workshops. The trial will close as planned in May 2013.
Management of acute childhood asthma: a prospective multicentre study.

Children with acute asthma account for a significant proportion of paediatric hospital admissions, and clear guidelines exist for their care. The aim of this study was to determine their management in the UK. Over 1 year (February 1995 to January 1996), children aged 1-14 yrs admitted with acute asthma were studied in both teaching and district general hospitals. An admission pro forma was used to collect data prospectively, with a computer-based information management system for the input of admissions in each centre. Ten centres collected data prospectively, with 1,578 admissions involving 1,352 children (median age 3.6 yrs). Sixty two per cent of children were <5 yrs of age. Sixty three per cent of admissions had initial arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) recorded, and, in those older than 5 yrs, 36% had their initial peak expiratory flow rate recorded. Systemic steroids were given to 78%. An initial Sa,O2 of <92% was associated with a longer stay in hospital, and also with intravenous treatment. Preventative treatment increased from 42% on admission to 53% on discharge. The rates of documented education were low. This is the largest UK study following publication of national guidelines and shows that there is still room for improvement in the management of children admitted with acute asthma.