nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a condition-specific diary to measure severity, bothersomeness and impact on daily activities for patients with acute urinary tract infection in primary care

BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition in primary care. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are crucial in the evaluation of interventions to improve diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of UTI. The aim of this study was to identify an existing condition-specific PROM to measure symptom severity, bothersomeness and impact on daily activities for adult patients with suspected urinary tract infection in primary care; or, in the absence of such a PROM, to test items identified from existing PROMs for coverage and relevance in single and group interviews and to psychometrically validate the resulting PROM.MethodsThe literature was searched for existing PROMs covering the three domains. Items from the identified PROMs were tested in single and group interviews. The resulting symptom diary was psychometrically validated using the partial credit Rasch model for polytomous items in a cohort of 451 women participating in two studies regarding UTI.ResultsNo existing PROM fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Content validation resulted in one domain concerning symptom severity (18 items), one concerning bothersomeness (18 items), and one concerning impact on daily activities (7 items). Psychometrical validation resulted in four dimensions in each of the first two domains and one dimension in the third domain.ConclusionsDomains were not unidimensional, which meant that we identified dimensions of patient-experienced UTI that differed substantially from those previously found. We recommend that future studies on UTI, in which PROMs are to be used, should ensure high content validity of their outcome measures and unidimensionality of the included dimensions.
A Commentary on Plutarch's Pericles

Plutarch's Life of Pericles is one of the outstanding works of ancient biography. Called by some a coward and others a boor, Pericles was a genius as a statesman. He ruled Athens like a monarch between 441 and 430 B.C., a period of great political and intellectual achievement. In the first comprehensive commentary in this century on Plutarch's text, Philip Stadter explores both the literary and historical aspects of this extraordinary work, which is included here in Greek in its entirety. In an extensive introduction, Stadter considers the broad questions of the biography's structure, its place and importance within Plutarch's body of literary works, and its relation to its companion piece, the Fabius Maximus. He discussed Plutarch's historical method and argues that the biographer's innovative and thorough use of sources, especially contemporay histories, make Pericles particularly valuable to modern scholars. Examining the literary devices that shape and organize the work, Stadter analyzes the Greek text line by line. a detailed study of word usage and meaning complements grammatical and lexicographical notes that make the peculiarities of Plutarch's Greek accessible to readers unfamiliar with the original text. This evaluation of Plutarch's biographical technique is exceptional in its combination of archaeological, epigraphical, and historical analysis. Pericles emerges from the discussion as a masterpiece of later Greek prose and biography. Stadter's thorough and insightful analysis secures the importance of this text as both a work of literature and a vivid depiction of the society, culture, and politics of fifth-century Athens. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Finite Frames Fail: How Infinity Works Its Way into the Semantics of Admissibility

Many intermediate logics, even extremely well-behaved ones such as IPC, lack the finite model property for admissible rules. We give conditions under which this failure holds. We show that frames which validate all admissible rules necessarily satisfy a certain closure condition, and we prove that this condition, in the finite case, ensures that the frame is of width 2. Finally, we indicate how this result is related to some classical results on finite, free Heyting algebras.
Haeckel's Biogenetic Law and the Land Plant Phylotypic Stage

Haeckel’s 150-year-old biogenetic law has been refuted by embryological studies of metazoans (predominantly vertebrates). However, modern empirically viable variants exist, such as the concept of the phylotypic stage that emerged predominantly from the study of metazoans. We briefly review the history of the biogenetic law and the evidence for the metazoan phylotypic stage, we explore whether a phylotypic stage exists for the land plants by comparing the embryogenesis of diploid sporophytes across nonvascular and vascular lineages, and we examine whether homologies exist for haploid gametophytes. If homology is defined as “the same structure(s) achieved by the same developmental patterning(s),” we fail to find a single phylotypic stage for land plant sporophytes or gametophytes based on morphological criteria. We speculate that land plant embryogenesis has undergone three major evolutionary transformations (heralding the appearance of bryophytes, pteridophytes, and seed plants) that correspond with evolutionary transformations in the preceding ancestral phylotypic stage.
Foreign Direct Investment in China: Reward or Remedy?

This paper tests the significance of FDI as a way to alleviate credit constraints. Incoming foreign investment provides additional sources of capital. Specifically in the Chinese case, enterprises may look for foreign investors, being constrained in their activity due to distortions in the state-dominated system. First, the Chinese financial system allocates resources to the least efficient firms - state-owned enterprises - while denying the same resources to Chinese private enterprises, forcing them to look for a foreign investor. Second, the inefficient system of state investment planning leads to mismanagement of public enterprises, increasing 'insolvency-induced FDI'. We propose to analyse determinants of FDI in Chinese provinces to test the above hypotheses. We control for traditional determinants of FDI such as market access, labour costs, productivity, infrastructure, reform advances and banking sector size in order to assess the impact of inter-provincial heterogeneity in terms of the access that private enterprises have to credit and the distortive management in state-owned firms.
‘Bursting the Brussels Bubble’: Using Ethnography to Explore the European Parliament as a Transnational Political Field

This article explores what ethnography can tell us about the practice of politics inside the European Parliament (EP). It responds to calls from within the discipline for a more sociological approach to the EU institutions and research which makes the real world of politics visible. The paper argues that an ethnographic methodology coupled with a Bourdieusian theoretical framework enables deeper exploration of the everyday practice of politics by individual MEPs and therefore a more nuanced understanding of political behaviour within this institutional context. First, it identifies the gap to which it hopes to contribute, discusses the growing sociological literature of the EU, and introduces ethnography. Then it discusses Bourdieu's structural constructivism and outlines relevant thinking tools, with particular reference to Adler-Nissen's work. The paper then applies the theoretical framework to data gathered through ethnographic fieldwork and elite interviews, aiming to open up the black-box and illumin...
The Origins and Early History of Computer Engineering in the United States

This article examines the origins and early history of the field of computer engineering in the United States, from the mid-1940s to mid-1950s. The account is based on both primary and secondary sources and draws theory from technology studies and the sociology of professions. The author begins by discussing roles played by engineers and engineering during the development of some of the first high-speed digital computers. He then describes the efforts of two electrical engineering institutes as they staked claims in computing, followed by a discussion of bifurcated versus integrated visions for the new field. In the final sections, the article turns to the emergence and establishment of computer engineering as a distinct field or specialty, primarily in the context of professional societies and private-sector firms. One main goal of this article is to show how the jurisdiction of engineering expanded to include computer hardware design.
Theoretical review of K physics

We review several aspects of K-Physics: i) Main targets of the field, ii) The theoretical framework for K-decays, iii) Standard analysis of the unitarity triangle, iv) ε ′ /ε, v) Rare and CP violating K-decays, vi) Comparision of the potentials of K → πν ¯ ν and CP-B asymmetries. vii) Some aspects of the physics beyond the Standard Model.
Konst, makt och politik, Skriftserien Kairos 12

Cairo's no. 12: Art, power and politics is an anthology of texts from political theory as well as art theory and philosophy. The lyrics relate to the concepts of power and representation, in both the artistic and political; art, politics and aesthetics of politics. While representation in the political sense usually refers to someone who represents the other (as in Parliament), the artistic representation into something that represents something else. By reflecting these two ideas about representation in each other, we can achieve a new sense of both and their intimate, often hidden, context. The book would also achieve an enlarged understanding of political art not only as a certain genre or intent, but on the contrary implied in representative form, the subject and object of the engineer. 
 
The book that contains the texts of John Beverly, Rosalyn Deutsche, Michel Foucault, Brian Holmes, Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe, Marion von Osten, Jacques Ranciere and Hito Steyerlan linked to the themes of Documenta 12 in Kassel takes up this summer. 
 
Volume was edited and with an introduction by Simon Sheikh.
Palaeoproterozoic (~1.89 Ga) felsic volcanism of the Iricoumé Group, Guyana Shield, South America: geochemical and Sm-Nd isotopic constraints on sources and tectonic environment

Hypabyssal and explosive volcanic rocks of the Iricoume Group crop out in the Western Erepecuru–Trombetas Domain, in the Central Amazonian Province, south of the Guyana Shield. They are part of an extensive volcano–plutonic event, which marked the central part of the Amazonian Craton during the Orosirian. These volcanic rocks, formed at approximately 1.89 Ga, consist of pyroclastic rocks (ignimbrites, rheoignimbrites, surge-related lapilli-tuff, co-ignimbrite fall tuff) and subordinate felsic hypabyssal rocks. An older episode, with an age of approximately 1.99 Ga, occurs locally and is represented by latitic lava flows and spessartitic lamprophyres. The geochemical characteristics of the Iricoume volcanic rocks suggest that they formed in a post-orogenic tectonic setting, while those of the older Orosirian magmatism suggest a subduction-related geodynamic setting. TDM model ages ranging from 2.18 to 2.39 Ga and slightly negative eNd(T) values for most of the Iricoume volcanic rocks indicate dominant Rhya...
Tantalum oxide nanomers for optical applications

The synthesis of transparent nanomers by the incorporation of nanoscaled tantalum oxide into an organic-inorganic composite matrix and their subsequent characterization are presented. The matrix materials used consist of a mixture of organically functionalized silanes and polymerizable monomers. The mixture does not exhibit phase separation, even down to the lowest nanometer scale, as revealed by SAXS measurements. The addition of nanoscaled Ta 2 O 5 particles (mean particle diameter: 4 nm as determined by photon correlation spectroscopy) aims to increase the refractive index of the nanomers. The preparation of the oxide sol and the optimization of the synthesis with respect to compatibility with the matrix material, thereby avoiding agglomeration effects, is described. After incorporation of the particles in the monomer mixture, a photopolymerization step, followed by curing with a temperature program up to 90 degrees Celsius, led to colorless and transparent monoliths. The volume shrinkage, caused by polymerization, decreases from 8.2% for the unfilled matrix material to 5.8% for a nanomer containing 30 wt.% tantalum oxide. The shrinkage decreases linearly with increasing filler content of tantalum oxide. The increase in refractive index is about 7.4 X 10 -4 per wt.% oxide (measured at a wavelength of 546.1 nm). The coloration of the monoliths is expressed as yellowness index G according to DIN 6167. Color values attained for nanometers with up to 15 wt.% tantalum oxide are comparable to values for commercial optical polymer materials. Nanomers containing 15 wt.% tantalum oxide show transparency losses at a wavelength of 850 nm below 0.1 dB/cm.
The Institutional Foundations of Contemporary Australian Criminology

The foundations of modern Australian criminology were formed in a conservative social milieu in which a professionalising project for the discipline was pursued by allying it with academic lawyers and state criminal justice and correctional officials. Nevertheless, the fact that criminology is 'tainted' by the inclusion of disreputable social sciences (i.e. sociology), has meant that its protagonists have succeeded only in creating a quasi-profession, formally autonomous as a knowledge, but in practice policed by state officials and members of the legal profession. Despite various 'police actions' and organisational constructions designed to constrain the critical potential of the discipline, and despite the belated development of sociology as an academic discipline in this country, Australian criminology has begun to generate a genuinely critical discourse during the 1980s.
Form or Substance: The Role of Business Plans in Venture Capital Decision Making

We explore a well-known instance of fast decision making under high uncertainty, venture capital (VC) opportunity screening. We analyze a sample of 722 funding requests submitted to an American VC firm and evaluate the influence of the form of the submission and content of business planning documents on VC funding decisions. We improve on prior literature by a) using a large sample of known representativeness, b) relating request characteristics to actual VC decisions, and c) developing an inferential logic that takes account of the multiple sources of information to which VCs have access. We find that the presence of planning documents and some information contained therein are weakly associated with VC funding decisions. Based on our inferential strategy, we find that this information is learned independently of its inclusion in the business planning documents.
A Completion Procedure for Conditional Equations

The paper presents a new completion procedure for conditional equations. The work is based on the notion of reductive conditional rewriting. The procedure has been designed to also handle nonreductive equations that are generated during completion. The paper in particular presents techniques for simplification of conditional equations and rules, so that the procedure terminates on more specifications. The correctness proofs which form a substantial part of this paper employ recursive path orderings on proof trees, an extension of the ideas of Bachmair, Dershowitz and Hsiang to the conditional case.
Reading the Strange Case of Woman-as-Appliance: On Transfigurations, Cyborgs, Domestic Labour and the Megamachine

AbstractConsidering questions of feminism, the home and migrations within (especially women's) art after World War II, this article examines the figure of the housewife in art of the UK and the US from the 1950s to the 1980s. Exploring conflations of women's identity with questions of domestic labour, representations of the housewife's configuration with appliances is of especial importance, leading to this article's proposition of the figure of ‘woman-as-appliance’. Such a figure is explored through examination of, in particular, Richard Hamilton's painting $he (1958–1961) and the video project Born to be Sold: Martha Rosler Reads the Strange Case of Baby $M. This article argues for woman-as-appliance as the barred subject par excellence, as the megamachine of domestic labour (through an adaptive appropriation from Lewis Mumford), and (by way of McKenzie Wark and Donna Haraway) in her cyborgic transfigurations.
Fundamentals of Digital Communications [Book/Software Reviews]

This book provides the fundamentals of and basic design techniques for digital communications in a simple, easy-to-understand format. All the text discussions in the book are very brief and simple, chapters are short, and explanations are direct, providing a good summary of each subject. The text covers all important topics related to digital communications, such as radio beams, satellites, optic fibers, radar, and mobile wireless systems. Geared toward engineering students, the book's 13 chapters include a complete analysis of the structures used for emission or reception technology and provide a complete set of approaches to be used for digital communication design. The text consists of four parts: an introduction to digital communication basics; statistics communication and cover sampling methods, analog-to-digital conversion, quantization error, coding, probability of detection, and Nyquist criteria; digital communications on the carriers' frequency; and various exercises and problems, with each problem followed by a detailed solution, providing a most welcome exercise format for all students. This book is designed for master's level engineering courses, and students would need prerequisite undergraduate courses on basic digital communication.
Género y trabajo en el campo argentino. Discursos y representaciones sociales (1946-1962) Gender and work on argentinian country. Discourses and social representations (1946- 1962)

The importance of rural women labor had been understood in terms of familiar settling and increased productivity since the times of the Centenary and emphazised by the interventionist State since 1930. The Peronist State (1946-1955) interpellate women attaching them to home, to education of children and to domestic economy, deepening the old cultural rules. The Revolucion Libertadora (1955-1958) provoked a rupture in the hegemony and promoted changes in the economic policy that favoured the agropecuarian elite and the modernization of productive system. The Development State (1958-1962) promoted the regional integration and technification of the country, generating at the same time, an openning to foreign capital. The dependency of the argentinian economy of its rural world supported, for this governments, the industrial development. This political and economic changes related to the farming allows to wonder about the space of the women of the rural world and their every-day life in this discourses. We pretend, then, to move along the different discoursives re-constructions of the women roles and work in the argentinian rural space. In this sense, this work tries to study which are the roles of the rural women that are (re)produced in magazines and textbooks since 1946 to 1962 as ligitimated in the social order of discourses.
Mapping - Bridging Diversity. Foundation of a European Discourse on History Education. Part 2 (Wochenschau Wissenschaft, 396 pp. ISBN: 978-3-89974732-4) Elisabeth Erdmann, Wolgang Hasberg (Eds.)

Facing – Mapping – Bridging Diversity, Part 2 is the follow-up edition of a European discourse on history education. This book consists of the contributions of 13 different history didactics authors of the European Union who describe the scientific discourse on history education in their respective countries. In this issue, the contributions of countries such as Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom are acknowledged. The contributions of Bulgaria and Luxemburg are unfortunately lacking. The respective authors followed a particular framework based on the German discourse of history didactics. With the writing of this book, the scientific point of departure was that history didactics amounts to much more than the mere history lesson and its concomitant teaching and learning methodologies. For this reason, the scope is much wider and the didactic research focuses on the contributions of the historical culture and historical consciousness of particular societies as well. The provided framework serves an important purpose in the sense that it provides important parameters
Don Quijote's sally into the world of opera : libretti between 1680 and 1976

The fascinating character of Don Quijote has intrigued readers and literary critics throughout the centuries. Yet, the windmill-fighting knight and his jolly squire, Sancho Panza, had an even greater impact on the world of music and particularly opera. This book examines the history of Don Quijote in opera from the 17th century to our times. It offers great insight into the reception of this literary work via operatic interpretations in major European countries. It also shows how an important literary work influenced the development and evolution of certain forms of opera.
Two versions of continental holism Derrida and structuralism

The difficulty to pin down the philosophical content of structuralism depends on the fact that it operates on an implicit metaphysics; such a metaphysics can be best unfolded by examining Jacques Derrida’s deconstructionist critique of it. The essay argues that both structuralism and Derrida’s critique rely on holistic premises. From an initial externalist definition of structure, structuralism’s metaphysics emerges as a kind of ‘immanent’ holism, similar to the one pursued, in the contemporary analytic panorama, by Donald Davidson. By contrast, Derrida’s deconstructionist critique appears engaged in a ‘quasi-transcendental’ version of holism, which the author analyzes in connection with Martin Heidegger’s notion of Verwindung, or twisted overcoming.
The General Profile of the Outsourcing Firm: Evidence for a Local Production System of Emilia Romagna

The paper aims at ‘embedding’ the outsourcing firm by considering it as a four-fold unit of analysis: i.e. as an organizational, production, industrial and innovation unit. Theoretical correlations between outsourcing decisions and outsourcing variables are formulated and then tested with respect to a representative cross-sectional sample of firms of a local production system in Emilia Romagna (that is, Reggio Emilia). The main result of the paper is that outsourcing decisions are indeed affected by the organizational and industrial relations typical of the context firms are embedded in. Furthermore, the general profile of the Reggio Emilia outsourcing firm is strategic rather than operative. In particular, tapping-into the provider’s resources and competences to eventually promote technological innovation seems more relevant than searching for lower costs by contracting out.