nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Finding synergy in simulation modeling by architects and engineers in conceptual design

The interest in having architects utilize building simulation software to better inform conceptual design decisions has been present in the design industry for more than a decade, yet the adoption of simulation by architects in practice has been slow. Past research into the barriers of adoption has often looked through the lens of particular software, with conclusions aimed at improving the tools' interface and applicability to the architects' process. While software has made great advancement, we hear more often today of the engineer stepping forward to apply simulation to the conceptual design process rather than the architect learning to use simulation. In a survey of ten North American firms, diverse in offering design and/or engineering services, individual practices for incorporating simulation into conceptual design were compared. The more common presence of the engineer in conceptual design modeling promises a new collaborative approach to the sustainable design process, overcoming a significant barrier to the architects own adoption while highlighting a need for greater efficiencies in communication between software and analysis time.
Linkage and Reactivation Along the Northern Hurricane and Sevier Faults, Southwestern Utah

This roadlog covers two days of field trips in the Colorado Plateau – Basin and Range Transition Zone and the High Plateaus of southwestern Utah. The focus of the trip is the structural development of and deformation along two long, geometrically segmented, young faults: the Hurricane fault (Day 1) and the Sevier fault (Day 2). The development of these faults encompasses interaction with structures of the mainly Mesozoic Sevier orogenic belt and linkage of individual relatively short normal faults to form long faults. Understanding the amounts and recency of slip along these faults requires an understanding of the Upper Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratigraphy. Many of these stratigraphic units will be seen during the course of the trip. In addition, past landslides and potential earthquake in the region will be observed and considered.
MODERATING THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURE ON CLIMATE: AN INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT.

Comment citer ce document : Seguin, B., Arrouays, D., Balesdent, J., Soussana, J.-F., Bondeau, A., Smith, P., Zaehle, S., De Noblet, N., Viovy, N. (2007). Moderating the impact of agriculture on climate. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 142 (2-4), 278-287. DOI : 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.07.012 Version définitive du manuscrit publié dans / Final version of the manuscript published in : Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2007, vol.142, no.2-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.07.012
True genius: The life and science of John Bardeen [Book Review]

Resting on what is sometimes a slender foundation, present-day feminists seeking to reclaim the voices of women written out of history have heralded the computer visionary Ada Lovelace as something of a mythic heroine. Alternatively, several scholars see her role as a minor walk-on part in a much larger drama. In this lushly filmed documentary, the real Ada—somewhere between heroine and dilettante—emerges as an intelligent , sensitive, and extremely well-connected woman moving within the highest levels of Victorian society. As part of Flare Productions' Women of Power documentary series—which also includes films on Ruth Berlau, Virginia Woolf, and Hildegard of Bingen—this presentation of the case for Ada Byron Lovelace's prefig-uring the Computer Age remained evanescent. Mostly, this is because grasping what Ada understood—without the ever-present trap of Whiggish history in which past events are reinterpreted as the ratification of the pres-ent—is notoriously difficult. But let us be generous: hers was an important correspondence (and thus record) of contemporary achievements in calculation and of Charles Babbage's trials (much of his own making) in bringing such concepts to fruition. I left the film, pre-miered at Stanford University by the Computer History Museum as part of its ongoing lecture series in the history of computing, with great sympathy and a better understanding of the nuances of the Babbage–Lovelace relationship, even if undecided about her ultimate role. This excellent biography of John Bardeen—a close friend of mine for nearly 60 years since graduate student days—by Hoddeson and Daitch makes it clear that Bardeen was a remarkable individual, Nobel Prizes aside. He possessed, at an elevated level, several important attributes that are linked to his professional successes as a scientist and engineer. At the top was his love of mathematics, particularly its applications to specific engineering or scientific problems. This interest guided him in his initial decision to focus his undergraduate studies in electrical engineering and to spend the following three years at the Gulf Oil Corporation's Research Laboratories in Pittsburgh. It also influenced his eventual decision to extend his education further and seek a doctorate in physics at Princeton University, entering in 1933 as somewhat of a latecomer. His use of mathematics was not highly refined, as is the case for the professional mathematicians who are interested in the most abstract problems in the field. His approach was based on using mathematics as a tool for solving specific technical or scientific problems, usually closely …
Public procurement, tendering and corruption : realities, challenges and tangible solutions

This article analyses a number of key elements and processes of the procurement and tendering systems in the South African public service systematically, with the emphasis on a number of key processes, risk management, and anti-corruption systems and initiatives. The article starts with some definitions and a brief analysis of the existing legislative framework, and briefly examines the functions and importance of budgetary control in procurement management, as well as the different categories of tenders in South Africa and their particularities. Tender processes are outlined in this context, in relation to various forms of corruption in the public sector. The roles that systems, risk management imperatives and procurement management can play in combating corruption are discussed as shields against fraud, collusion, extortion and similar corrupt activities. In response to recent examples where procurement practices led to corruption in South Africa’s national and provincial departments, the article provides a tangible plan that supplements the preceding analysis and outlines monitoring and evaluation procurement procedures that could be implemented as a serious weapon to combat corruption. The discussion concludes that the most crucial element in combating corruption in South Africa is political will.
Deficits in AIDS/HIV knowledge among physicians and nurses at a Minnesota public teaching hospital.

We administered a questionnaire pertaining to recent gains in knowledge about HIV/AIDS treatment and natural history in mid-1990 to all physicians and nurses at a 455-bed public teaching hospital. Surveys were returned by 127 physicians (46%) and 541 nurses (77%). Responses indicated that only 37% of physicians and 18% of nurses knew that the risk for an AIDS-related opportunistic infection becomes significant when the T-helper cell count falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter. One-fourth of physicians (23%) and more than one-half of nurses (55%) were not aware that the HIV enzyme immunoassay test alone is insufficient to properly determine a patient's HIV serostatus. The survey results revealed a broad deficit in knowledge about the natural history and treatment of HIV infection and demonstrated the need for a clinically relevant core HIV/AIDS knowledge curriculum and for strategies to better educate health care providers to improve care given to HIV-infected patients.
Recent Trends in Descriptional Complexity of Formal Languages

Formal languages can be described by several means. A basic question is how succinctly can a descriptional system represent a formal language in comparison with other descriptional systems? What is the maximal size trade-o when changing from one system to another, and can it be achieved? Here, we select some recent trends in the descriptional complexity of formal languages and discuss the problems, results, and open questions. In particular, we present the main historical development and address the basics concepts of descriptional complexity from a general abstract perspective. Then we consider the representation by two-way finite automata, multi-head finite automata, and limited automata in more detail. Finally, we discuss a few further topics in note form. The results presented are not proved but we merely draw attention to the overall picture and some of the main ideas involved.
A Completion Method to Decide Reachability in Rewrite Systems

The Knuth-Bendix method takes in argument a finite set of equations and rewrite rules and, when it succeeds, returns an algorithm to decide if a term is equivalent to another modulo these equations and rules. In this paper, we design a similar method that takes in argument a finite set of rewrite rules and, when it succeeds, returns an algorithm to decide not equivalence but reachability modulo these rules, that is if a term reduces to another. As an application, we give new proofs of the decidability of reachability in finite ground rewrite systems and in pushdown systems.
Generalizations of Swierczkowski's lemma and the arity gap of finite functions

Swierczkowski's lemma-as it is usually formulated-asserts that if f:A^n->A is an operation on a finite set A, n>=4, and every operation obtained from f by identifying a pair of variables is a projection, then f is a semiprojection. We generalize this lemma in various ways. First, it is extended to B-valued functions on A instead of operations on A and to essentially at most unary functions instead of projections. Then we characterize the arity gap of functions of small arities in terms of quasi-arity, which in turn provides a further generalization of Swierczkowski's lemma. Moreover, we explicitly classify all pseudo-Boolean functions according to their arity gap. Finally, we present a general characterization of the arity gaps of B-valued functions on arbitrary finite sets A.
Pharmaceutically treated anxiety but not depression prior to cancer diagnosis predicts the onset of cardiovascular disease among breast cancer survivors

PurposeTo examine the associations between pharmaceutically treated anxiety and depression present in the year prior to breast cancer diagnosis and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), while controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and clinical characteristics in a population-based observational study.MethodsAdult 1-year breast cancer survivors (n = 7227), diagnosed between 01-01-1999 and 12-31-2010, with no history of CVD, were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Drug dispensing data were derived from the PHARMO Database Network and used as proxy for CVD, anxiety, and depression. By multivariable Cox regression analysis, we examined the risk associated with pharmaceutically treated anxiety and depression for developing CVD after cancer diagnosis, adjusting for age, pharmaceutically treated hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus in the year prior to cancer diagnosis, tumor stage, and cancer treatment.ResultsDuring the 13-year follow-up period, 193 (3%) breast cancer survivors developed CVD. Women pharmaceutically treated for anxiety in the year prior to their cancer diagnosis had a 48% increased hazard for CVD [HR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.05–1.08] after full adjustment. This association was restricted to breast cancer survivors who were 65 years or younger. Depression was not associated with CVD risk [HR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.52–1.53]. Older age [HR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.05–1.08], hypertension [HR = 1.80; 95% CI 1.32–2.46], and hypercholesterolemia [HR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.15–2.33] were associated with an increased hazard for incident CVD, whereas hormone therapy [HR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.42–0.83] was protective.ConclusionsAnxiety present in the year prior to breast cancer diagnosis increases the risk of incident CVD in 1-year breast cancer survivors, after adjustment for depression, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and clinical characteristics.
C$\nu$B detection through angular correlations in inverse $\beta$-decay.

Neutrino capture on beta-decaying nuclei is currently the only known potentially viable method of detection of cosmic background neutrinos. It is based on the idea of separation of the spectra of electrons or positrons produced in captures of relic neutrinos on unstable nuclei from those from the usual $\beta$-decay and requires very high energy resolution of the detector, comparable to the neutrino mass. In this paper we suggest an alternative method of discrimination between neutrino capture and $\beta$-decay, based on periodic variations of angular correlations in inverse beta decay transitions induced by relic neutrino capture. The time variations are expected to arise due to the peculiar motion of the Sun with respect to the C$\nu$B rest frame and the rotation of the Earth about its axis and can be observed in experiments with both polarized and unpolarized nuclear targets. The main advantage of the suggested method is that it does not depend crucially on the energy resolution of detection of the produced $\beta$-particles and can be operative even if this resolution exceeds the largest neutrino mass.
Optimizations for a simulator construction system supporting reusable components

Exploring a large portion of the microprocessor design space requires the rapid development of efficient simulators. While some systems support rapid model development through the structural composition of reusable concurrent components, the Liberty Simulation Environment (LSE) provides additional reuse-enhancing features. This paper evaluates the cost of these features and presents optimizations to reduce their impact. With these optimizations, an LSE model using reusable components outperforms a SystemC model using custom components by 6%.
Σχεδιασμός και υλοποίηση αλγοριθμικής ανάλυσης και οπτικοποίησης δικτύων με χρήση τεχνολογιών cloud computing

Network analysis provides various information regarding their most important parts and 
their topology while also it can be additionally used for their validation. The simplest way for 
network analysis is their visualization, however this is not a trivial problem, mainly when 
dealing with large scale networks with thousands of nodes and edges. 
The object of this thesis is the design and implementation of an integrated algorithmic 
network analysis and visualization with use of parallelization techniques and cloud 
computing technology. Specifically, as a first preprocessing step, the networks are 
simplified with filtering techniques and then they are split to subnetworks by identifying 
their connected components and applying min-cut iteratively to each connected component. 
Afterwards the subnetworks are visualized separately with use of available network 
visualization libraries and packages such as Cytoscape. The visualization of the 
subnetworks is performed on parallel with use of suitable virtual machines, so as to 
minimize the needs of computer memory and the analysis time. 
The implemented methodology was evaluated using as input biological networks and more 
specifically networks of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) and Gene co-expression networks. 
The human PPI network, as it’s contained in HINTKB database, and Gene co-expression 
networks derived from Parkinson patients and non-patients and are stored at http://beta.insybio.com were used. 
The implemented methodology was compared with known visualization and network 
analysis software packages like Cytoscape and Graphviz . The comparison of the 
different methodologies was done using as evaluation metrics the execution time, the 
computer memory consumption and the qualitative interpretation of the important network 
components that have been identified through network analysis and quality.
Cleavage and synthesis function of high and low redox potential laccases towards 4-morpholinoaniline and aminated as well as chlorinated phenols

Laccases are able to mediate both cleavage and synthesis processes. The basis for this dual reaction capability lies in the property of the enzyme laccase to oxidize phenolic, and to some extent non-phenolic substances, to reactive radicals which can undergo on the one hand separations of small substitutents or large molecule parts from the parent compound and on the other hand coupling reactions with other radicals or molecules which are not themselves oxidizable by laccase. The cleavage of the non-phenolic compound 4-morpholinoaniline as well as the deamination of 4-aminophenol and the dechlorination of 4-chlorophenol resulted in the formation of 1,4-hydroquinone which is immediately oxidized by laccase to 1,4-benzoquinone. The formation of the 1,4-hydroquinone/1,4-benzoquinone is the rate limiting step for the synthesis of the heteromolecular dimers and trimers composed of 1,4-benzoquinone and one or two molecules of morpholine. In addition to the synthesis of new compounds from the cleavage products, 4-morpholinoaniline polymerized probably via azo groups and C-N bonds to a homomolecular dimer and trimer. Similarities and differences in cleavage and synthesis reactions catalyzed by the low redox potential laccase of Myceliophthora thermophila (0.46 V) and the high redox potential laccase of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (0.79 V) were determined. In addition, the dependency of the cleavage and synthesis efficiencies on the (a) structure and redox potential of the laccase, (b) structure and redox potential of the substrate, (c) pH value of the buffer used, (d) incubation temperature, (e) solvent concentration, and (f) laccase activity is discussed in general.
The future of engineering — scenarios of the future way of working in the engineer-to-order business

Companies of the engineer-to-order (ETO) business face various trends such as digitalization and globalization. These trends will radically change the way of working in engineering. First, this paper carves out four basic categories of engineering in the ETO business — ‘Easy Engineering’, ‘Zero Engineering’, ‘Perfect Engineering’ and ‘Pioneer Engineering’ — and describes their distinctive characteristics and implications for engineering companies. Second, this paper elaborates engineering scenarios that show how the described trends will change the way of working in the respective engineering categories. It further outlines how the trends will change the relative importance of the engineering categories within the ETO business. Finally, the contribution discusses what challenges engineering companies need to tackle on their way to the future of engineering.
Innovative Capacity and Innovation Systems and the Economic Development Levels of European Countries

The claim that differences in the level of technological development between countries are the main source of diversification of the level of their economic development is already rooted both in economic studies as well as in economic policy. A positive relationships between these areas is evidenced by the results of a significant amount of research which has been published in recent decades1. This research focused mainly on comparing the impact of various factors, including variously defined and classified innovation and technological capacities of countries on differences in the level of economic development. Therefore, the subjective approach has been dominant, while little space has been devoted to the importance of innovation activity of major groups of actors of innovation systems from the point of view of the development of economies of individual countries. The literature on the subject allows us only indirectly to infer that the most important role in this regard should be attributed to the corporate sector because some of the identified innovation capacities of countries solely or largely depend on the business characteristics of companies. The aim of this study is to examine the importance of innovation capacities of European economies in the cross section of three major elements of the innovation system corresponding to the sectors of companies, research and the government, from the point of view of their economic development. Thus,
Problem of R in e+e- annihilation

A careful analysis is presented of the most recent data for R(e+e+ hadrons) using improved theoretical techniques. The analysis is based on a generalized method for smoothing R. We show why the hadronic cross section is potentially one of the best tests of QCD. The theoretical complications such as unknown parameters and nonperturbative corrections are discussed, and resulting theoretical uncertainties are estimated. Some previously neglected QED corrections are accounted for. We find that for &near 7 GeV, the data lie about 15-17% above the theory; the experimental uncertainty is +lO% (dominated by systematics). For &near 5 GeV, the difference is only 5-8%. This apparent discrepancy may well be due to systematic problems in the experiment. For completeness we consider the possibility that there is a threshold for new particles at &z 6 GeV. We consider new quarks, Higgs bosons, quixes, integrally-charged and even fractionally-charged leptons. While most of these hypotheses are not particularly attractive, some cannot be ruled out: Submitted to Physical Review D * Work supported by the Department of Energy, contract DE-AC03-76SF00515.
An application of a few inequalities among sequences in electoral systems

We look at the concept of ‘favouring large states’ for divisor methods in proportional electoral systems, which is based on the comparison of the ratios of divisors. We show that it is possible in the ordered way to insert new divisor methods between any two divisor methods which have the property that one ‘favours large states’ over the other. It follows from a few sequences’ inequalities of the harmonic, geometric, arithmetic and quadratic means.
Dielectric functions and phase transitions of MgO modified Pb0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98Nb0.02O3 ceramics revealed by spectroscopic ellipsometry

The dielectric functions and phase transitions of MgO modified Pb 0.99 (Zr 0.95 Ti 0.05 ) 0.98 Nb 0.02 O 3 (PZTN- x wt% MgO, x  = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5) ceramics have been investigated using temperature-dependent spectroscopic ellipsometry. With the aid of standard critical-point (SCP) model, four typical interband transitions can be observed from the second derivative of dielectric functions. Three transition process are observed and can be linked to antiferroelectric (AFE)-ferroelectric (FE) (T 1  ∼ 250 K), low temperature ferroelectric phase [FE R(LT) ]to high temperature one [FE R(HT) ] (T 2  ∼ 300 K), and ferroelectric-paraelectric phase (T C  ∼ 500 K).