nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Teaching peace: an exploration of identity development of peace educators

The purpose of this research was to explore the identity of those who can be called "Peace Educators," and to contextualize the concept of that identity within the field of Peace Education by presenting an historical background of the field and by exploring various models of Peace Education programming. Five professionals whose work encompasses the theories and practices associated with Peace Education were interviewed for this study. Their stories were examined in light of the various convergences and intersections regarding a conceptual framework that included religion and spirituality, sociology, cultural studies, feminism, critical pedagogy, global concerns, economic concerns, environmentalism, and a central concern for social justice. The research indicated that although there are various areas of similarity between the participants as well as others whose work has been seminal in creating the field of Peace Education, there is not an essential set of characteristics or behaviors that can be deemed uniquely associated with an identity called "Peace Educator." In fact, the research indicates that it is the practice of Peace Education itself that determines such an identity, and it remains fluid and multifaceted despite its clear connections with the various concerns that were examined.
One more time: How to motivate your engineers

As a result of changes in economic, social and technological conditions, engineering managers are increasingly facing problems in motivating engineers. This, coupled with engineers' orientations and expectations to be treated as professionals, has caused considerable tensions and strains in the engineer-management relationship. This calls for changes in engineering management styles to maintain motivation and productivity. The purpose of the paper is to explore these issues. The paper identifies a new profile for engineers' job expectations and motivational styles derived from the author's research studies and experience in this area. It further discusses some of the myths and misconceptions in current practices for motivating engineers. Finally, it offers some guidelines to management for better motivation and utilization of engineering manpower.
Persistence of Profits and the Systematic Search for Knowledge

This thesis consists of five separate essays and an introductory chapter, The essays can be read independently from each other, but they are all in the field of corporate governance and investment performance. Specifically, the focus is on the role of institutional owners in the conflict between controlling shareholders and minority owners. The essays mainly contribute to the empirical literature on corporate governance and investment performance. In four of the five essays, panel data methods are used in the empirical investigation. The first essay investigates time and industry specific factors in the evaluation of firms’ investment performance, measured by marginal q. Significant differences in valuation is found between firms, depending on the market sentiments and industry affiliation. The second essay focuses on the role of institutional owners in relation to firms’ investment performance. Institutional owners are found to have a positive influence on firms’ investment performance. By studying a large panel of Swedish listed firms the essay also provides evidence on the relationship between control enhancing mechanism, such as vote-differentiated shares, and investment performance. The third essay looks at the role of institutional owners from the perspective of dividend policy. It is shown that institutional owners demand higher dividends to compensate for aggravated agency conflicts due to vote-differentiated shares. The fourth essay investigates the performance of European firms from a long run perspective. Firm profits converge over time, but this convergence is incomplete. Investment in R&D is put forward as an explanation for persistent profits above the norm. The fifth and last essay looks at individual mutual funds and specifically how to measure risk-adjusted performance. The results show that Swedish bond funds underperform their benchmark, even when risk-adjusted to the same level of risk.
Reservoir characteristics and petrogenesis of volcanic rocks in the Yingcheng Formation of the Shengping gas field,northern Songliao basin

Study of the petrological and physical characteristics, reservoir opening space types and formation and evolution of volcanic rocks in the Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in the Shengping gas field, Songliao basin, shows that the major volcanic reservoir rocks are lavas, pyroclastic rocks and sedimentary-volcanic rocks, with rhyolite predominating, in addition to small amounts of dacite and andesite. The volcanic gas reservoir spaces are dominated by secondary solution pores (cavities), with subordinate primary pores and fissures. The evolution of the volcanic reservoir rocks involves the early and late phases. The early phase was characterized by volcanic activity, when mainly primary pores including vesicles and pores between volcanic fragments;the late phase included cooling of lavas and epi-petrogenesis of volcanic rocks, which was the main period of formation of volcanic reservoir spaces. The erosion and weathering surfaces as well as faults and fractures in the study area were main conduits for gas migration and also favorable reservoir spaces for gas accumulation.
Coherent muon-electron conversion in muonic atoms

Transition rates for coherent muon-electron conversion in muonic atoms, mu+N --> e+N, are computed for various types of muon number violating interactions. Attention is paid to relativistic atomic effects, Coulomb distortion, finite nuclear size, and nucleon distributions. Discrepancies with previously published results are pointed out and explained. Results are presented for several elements of current and future experimental interest.
An Algebraic Computational Approach to the Identifiability of Fourier Models

Computer algebra and in particular Grobner bases are powerful tools in experimental design (Pistone and Wynn, 1996,Biometrika83, 653?666). This paper applies this algebraic methodology to the identifiability of Fourier models. The choice of the class of trigonometric models forces one to deal with complex entities and algebraic irrational numbers. By means of standard techniques we have implemented a version of the Buchberger algorithm that computes Grobner bases over the complex rational numbers and other simple algebraic extensions of the rational numbers. Some examples are fully carried out.
Effect of a Titanium Interlayer on the Performance of the Titanium Nitride Diffusion Barrier

We have studied the effect of a Ti interlayer on the behavior of a TiN diffusion barrier for Al and Cu metallizations. Thermal stability of Al/Ti/TiN/ and Al/TiN/ samples annealed at 400–600°C for 30 min was investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), glancing angle X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sheet resistance was measured for electrical characterization. After annealing at 400°C and 500°C, the AI/TiN/ samples exhibited the same sheet resistance as the as-deposited one, while the sheet resistances of the Al/Ti/TiN/ samples increased upon annealing. After annealing at 600°C, pyramidal pits developed on the surface of the Al/TiN/ sample, but not on the Al/Ti/TiN/ sample. Sheet resistance measurements for the 600°C-annealed Al/TiN/ sample resulted in a more scattered distribution and a higher average value than for the Al/Ti/TiN/ sample. The results clearly indicate that the performance of the TiN barrier layer is significantly improved by including a thin Ti film between the TiN and the Al. The Ti interlayer also improves the TiN barrier performance for the Cu metallization system.
SOCIAL VALUES, SOCIAL GOALS & MANPOWER

It is suggested that the approach of the social economist to social problems, if followed, would lead to The Good Society, one in which the lot of our “human resources” would be considerably ameliorated. For the social economist the goal of the economy is not private profit nor is it improvement in the fertility of the soil nor capital accumulation for their own sakes and that of their owners, but the material, moral and spiritual well‐being of homo sapiens. The social economist is concerned with the efficiency of the capitalist system relative to the broad goals of society, rather than the maximisation of private property.
What Forms Do Interesting Conjectures Have in Graph Theory?

Conjectures in graph theory have multiple forms and involve graph invariants, graph classes, subgraphs, minors and other concepts in premisses and/or conclusions. Various abstract criteria have been proposed in order to find interesting ones with computeraided or automated systems for conjecture-making. Beginning with the observation that famous theorems (and others) have first been conjectures, if only in the minds of those who obtained them, we review forms that they take. We also give examples of conjectures of such forms obtained with the help of, or by, computers when it is the case. It appears that many forms are unexplored and so computer-assisted and automated conjecture-making in graph theory, despite many successes, is pretty much at its beginning.
Response factors surrounding progression of pressure ulcers in community-residing adults with spinal cord injury.

This study examined how community-dwelling adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) respond in real-life circumstances after detecting a low-grade (Stage 1 or Stage 2) pressure ulcer.



We performed a secondary analysis of personal information profiles obtained in a previous qualitative research study. Profiles were examined to explore how individualized lifestyle considerations affected pressure ulcer risk in 19 adults with SCI who responded to an early ulcer that later progressed to a medically serious level.



On the basis of a total of 46 pressure ulcer events, we identified a typological framework that described eight primary response categories and seven subcategories.



The findings have significant practice implications for occupational therapists who provide services for adults with SCI living in the community. The importance of combining an initial individualized preventive intervention with structured follow-up within a person's unique everyday life setting is further explored.
The new British Hypertension Society guidelines: a view from primary care

These delayed, and much expanded, guidelines for the management of hypertension, represent the third attempt by the British Hypertension Society (BSH) to influence clinical practice. There will be many who feel that the 6-year gap between these guidelines and those based on the Second Working Party in 1993 has been too long. However, one major consequence is the sheer weight of strong clinical evidence that permeates throughout these guidelines, some of which was published quite recently such as important data to guide appropriate targets for blood pressure treatment. The result makes for very compelling reading. Although the guidelines have also been published in summary form in the British Medical Journal, I hope that most doctors will take the time to read the full guidelines published in this journal. However, at over 16 pages of close type-face, it seems likely that few practitioners will avail themselves of this reasonable, and reasonably concise, summary of the best evidence available that has been categorised by the authors. My hope, and recommendation, would be that, at the very least, the clinical governance leads for primary care groups around the country and whoever leads on coronary heart disease within individual practices will indeed read and digest the content of these revised guidelines. They could do a lot worse than use these as the basis for their approach to cardiovascular risk reduction. Not surprisingly, it will become apparent that one major issue for these guidelines is to avoid the viewpoint that hypertension is a disease in isolation. The importance of viewing hypertension alongside, and as part of the reduction of cardiovascular risk, is a major and repeated component. Fortunately, the authors have chosen to advocate for the formal estimation of 10-year coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease risk using the methods advocated
“Loot, lechery and the political game”: the Prince Regent and some contemporary writers

This article explores some of the links between literature and politics during the period of the Regency, with particular emphasis on some of the contrasting relationships between the Prince Regent (later George IV) and some of the major writers of the period. The Prince Regent sought to establish a climate in which literature and the arts could flourish, but, because of his disorderly private life, his lavishly wasteful use of public funds, and his involvement in party-politics, he was often in conflict with contemporary writers. Leigh Hunt's strictures on the Regent earned him a two-year prison sentence, much to the indignation of many of his fellow writers. By contrast, the poet laureate Robert Southey had a complicit and compromised relationship with the Regent that had as much if not more to do with politics than it did with literature. Yet others, such as Walter Scott, who shared much of the Regent's political outlook, maintained friendly relations with him that were largely or entirely unt...
What Can Political Science Contribute to the Study of Criminal Justice in Canada

The article argues that Canadian political scientists have paid more attention to criminal justice than is commonly believed but that there is potential for a much greater contribution. The existing political science literature on criminal justice suggests that three strengths could be built upon by future research. First, political scientists are well positioned to study how the policy process influences the formation of criminal justice policy. Second, political scientists can bring their disciplinary training to bear on questions involving the limits of public authority and the rights of citizens vis-a-vis the state in the context of criminal justice. Finally, the political science literature contains relatively unique methodological, theoretical, and normative perspectives on criminal justice when compared to the literature produced by scholars in other disciplines. The article concludes by outlining some potential impediments to political scientists' paying more heed to criminal justice and also some...
ВОСТОЧНО-САХАЛИНСКАЯ ОСТРОВОДУЖНАЯ СИСТЕМА ОХОТОМОРСКОГО РЕГИОНА

The structural elements of the East-Sakhalin island arc system and also the Okhotsk Sea subduction suture and the same name microcontinent are characterized. The petrochemical peculiarities and geodynamic conditions of the formation of erupted rocks and and structural element of the system were determined. It is shown that the formation of accretion-collision complexes of Rymniksky, Terpen'evsky, and Shchmidtovsky terrains including the fragments of the island arc system occurred at the process of collision interaction of Okhotsk Sea microcontinent, Sheltingskaya and East-Sakhalin volcanic island arcs.
Plant Biology: Learning to Love Yourself

In self-incompatible plants the female style rejects self pollen, yet the extent to which the female style in the many self-compatible species can still select between different pollen genotypes and thus bias fertilization success is unclear. A new study identifies the molecular basis for how styles of the self-compatible coyote tobacco bias the fertilization success of pollen genotypes using matching gene expression patterns in a manner analogous to cryptic female choice in animals.
Experiences of Violence, Post-Traumatic Stress, Academic Achievement and Behavior Problems of Urban African-American Children

This study examined the frequency of family violence, community violence, and witnessing of violence for 110 African-American children. Levels of post-traumatic stress, academic achievement and behavior problems of the children were also examined. The students were sixth graders between the ages of 11 and 13 from four inner-city Chicago public schools. The level of exposure to family violence was significantly related to levels of behavior problems and negatively related to school achievement. The level of exposure to community violence was associated with levels of behavior problems and approached significance in a negative direction with school achievement. Academic achievement was not significantly related to behavior, but was significantly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder, family violence, witnessing violence and approached significance with community violence exposure.
Privacy-Preserving Association Rule Mining in Cloud Computing

Recently, the paradigm of data mining-as-a-service in cloud computing environment has been attracting interests. In this paradigm, a company (data owner), lacking data storage, computational resources and expertise, stores its data in the cloud and outsources its mining tasks to the cloud service provider (server). In order to protect the privacy of the outsourced database and the association rules mined, k-anonymity, k-support, and k-privacy techniques have been proposed to perturb the data before it is uploaded to the server. These techniques are computationally expensive. If the data owner has resources to use these techniques, then it is often able to execute association rule mining locally. In this paper, we consider a scenario where a user (data owner) encrypts its data and stores it in the cloud. To mine association rules from its data, the user outsources the task to n (≥ 2) "semi-honest" servers, which cooperate to perform association rule mining on the encrypted data in the cloud and return encrypted association rules to the user. In this setting, we provide three solutions to protecting data privacy during association rule mining. Our solutions are built on the distributed ElGamal cryptosystem and achieve item privacy, transaction privacy and database privacy, respectively, as long as at least one out of the n servers is honest. To reduce the possibility that all servers are compromised, the user can use servers from different cloud providers. Our implementation and experiments demonstrate that our solutions are practical.
Molecular iodine reduction by natural and model organic substances in seawater

The reactivity of 2 µM molecular iodine in seawater toward various organic compounds containing aromatic, α-keto, amino, olefinic and sugar functional groups was investigated. More detailed studies have been made of the reduction kinetics with salicylic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid and the polypeptide oxidized glutathione, particularly to establish whether variation over the pH range 4–9 would provide a similar reduction reactivity or “fingerprint” to that of molecular iodine added to natural seawater. The data indicates that compounds with only one functional group react with first order kinetics whereas compounds with multiple functional groups show more complex behaviour. Kinetic and thermodynamic modelling indicates that HOI is the main iodine species reacting with organic matter at seawater pH of 8.2. Based on the pH “fingerprints”, peptides and compounds containing carbonyl or α-keto groups are the key reductants of molecular iodine added to seawater. These compounds form C-I and N-I bonds which can allow for a rich organic iodine chemistry in seawater. The model compound results are discussed in relation to oceanic processes.
The impact of growth options on systematic risk: The case of European firms

This paper focuses on an analysis of the relation between systematic risk and growth opportunities from the real options perspective. Assuming the risk of current and future businesses to be independent from ownership (i.e. from whichever firm invests in them), we deduce that the systematic risk of a firm's equity depends on the weight of growth options on its market value. We test this hypothesis by analysing a sample of 958 European firms over the period 2001-2005. Our findings bear out the impact of growth options on systematic risk and are robust to different splits of the sample into risk groups, thus providing new insights to interpret the findings to emerge from multifactor market models.
Review of algebraic function fields and codes by Henning Stichtenoth

The book being reviewed, “Algebraic Function Fields and Codes” by Henning Stichtenoth, gives a rigorous, systematic and thorough treatment of the theory of algebraic function fields and its applications in coding theory. Algebraic function fields are natural objects that arise in the study of algebraic curves and exponential sums over finite fields, and have found widespread applications in the areas of coding theory and pseudorandomness. This is the second edition of a book that is already one of the standard references in the area of algebraicgeometry codes. The new edition features a new chapter on curves with many rational points, as well as a large number of exercises at the end of every chapter. The new chapter is a particularly welcome addition, since the book now contains an explicit construction and complete analysis of excellent error-correcting codes that beat random codes (which is one of the most celebrated applications of the theory of algebraic function fields to coding theory and theoretical computer science). Below we will give a short introduction to algebraic function fields and a brief description of one of their major applications in coding theory We will then proceed to discuss the contents of this book.
Politics and Housing Markets - Four Normative Arguments

The normative question of markets and politics in housing is discussed in relation to theories of welfare economics and political philosophy. The point of departure is a general presumption in favour of market solutions, based on both procedural ("negative freedom") and instrumental ("maximum utility") arguments. Four types of counter‐arguments are discussed against the background of the specific conditions of housing. The procedural arguments based on negative freedom or democracy are not found to be conclusive. The existence of transaction costs and externalities makes it questionable whether market solutions in housing could maximize consumer utility. Alternative values to utility have certain paternalistic implications, though political intervention may sometimes be justified in terms of physiological needs, positive freedom or social citizenship. From an empirical point of view the presumption in favour of market solutions may still be defensible, since housing provision in the Western world is ultim...
Enhancing Trust in E-Voting Through Knowledge Management: The Case of the UAE

The United Arab Emirates’ society has grown comfortable with the ubiquitous information and communication technologies. Despite repeatedly ranking high in terms of e-government readiness and social acceptance of ICTs, there were thoughts that the government decision to push for using e-voting in the first elections held in the country’s history would be crossing the boundary of social acceptance of technology. This paper assesses the role of knowledge management in the e-voting process in the UAE’s first election. A case study is presented to explore the assumptions on the impact of introducing an evoting system on the level of trust in government and the role of knowledge management in increasing transparency. The paper argues that knowledge management can play an important role in widening social acceptance in e-government processes such as e-voting through increasing transparency, thus enhancing trust in government. However, a certain reservoir of trust in government is a prerequisite for social acceptance of e-voting, regardless of the e-readiness level in the country.