nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The engineering design process as a problem solving and learning tool in K-12 classrooms - eScholarship

The engineering design process as a problem solving and learning tool in K- 12 classrooms Jennifer Mangold, University of California, Berkeley Ph.D. candidate at UC-Berkeley, Mangold studies in the mechanical engineering department. Her work focuses on sustainability in design, manufacturing, and the end-of-life phases of the product life cycle. She has been working with K-12 students over ten years and has been bringing engineering into K-12 classrooms for five years. Stefanie Robinson, University of California, Berkeley Stefanie Robinson is a Ph.D. candidate in the Mechanical Engineering department at the University of California, Berkeley. Her research interests are sustainable design and manufacturing, and engineering education and K-12 outreach.
Book review: Prime Time Freeware for AI by Mark Kantrowitz (Editor) (Prime Time Freeware, 1994)

As described by the editor Mark Kantrowitz, this book is "an unusual object." It contains two standard ISO-9660 CD-ROMs with 5,000 megabytes (after decompression) of AI-related freeware, evaluation versions of shareware, and commercial AI software. The software comes from the Carnegie Mellon University Artificial Intelligence (CMU AI) Repository, and enormous FTP archive established by Mark Kantrowitz in 1993. The book, 224 pages, includes descriptions of all of the tools and information that one needs to use this software: operating system notes (a brief tutorial on Unix and shorter notes on other systems); descriptions of how to decompress the software; a brief, but complete, fundamental bibliography on all of the AI fields covered by the collection; a well-annotated and ordered package list; and two keyword indexes.
Strategies for high-tech academia uprising in 21 century

Bing Sheu, Chair Professor & University Strategy Advisor, National Chiao Tung University and Chung-Yu Wu, Dean of EECS College, Chin-Teng Lin, Associate Dean of EECS College, National Chiao Tung University, Bin-Du Liu, Professor, National Cheng Kung University, Murk Liuo, Professor, Institute of Information Sciences, Academia Sinica, Bill Tai, Jui-Lin Lui, Rong-Jim Chen, Professors, National United University
An Archetypal Analysis of E. M. Forster's Fiction

The book is intended to shed some light on E. M. Forster’s use of myth, recurrent mythical images and archetypal patterns in his works. This work analyses Forster’s archetypal images making particular references to his major works. The method used is archetypal criticism; it deals with archetypes which are primordial images perceived across cultures, inherited from time immemorial, issuing from a ‘collective unconscious’. An archetype is a mythic symbol, which is deeply rooted in the unconscious, more broadly based on a foundation of universal nature than an ordinary literary symbol, and is more generally expressive of the elemental in man and nature. This study argues that Forster progresses from fantasy to prophecy. Depending on this progress, Forster’s archetypes evolve. This investigation familiarises the reader with how mythical motifs and archetypes enable the author to communicate his vision of reality, which is essentially timeless. This survey of the archetypes is essential reading for all people of Literature, Mythology, and Psychoanalysis.
Practical Considerations for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in Older Adults.

Although often considered a disease of childhood, the prevalence of asthma in US adults aged 65 years or older is similar to that in children, with the number of older patients needing care for asthma likely to continue to increase. As with most chronic diseases, there are challenges associated with the diagnosis and management of asthma in an older population. This review discusses these challenges, suggesting practical management strategies for primary care physicians and their teams. Asthma comprises a spectrum of phenotypes, some associated with adult onset. The symptoms and characteristics of patients with late-onset asthma can differ from those of patients with early-onset disease. Furthermore, older patients may fail to recognize respiratory symptoms as abnormal and have other comorbidities, complicating the differential diagnosis of asthma. Once diagnosed, the long-term goals of asthma management are no different in older adults than in anyone with asthma, with inhaled corticosteroids being the cornerstone of therapy. Comorbid conditions become more common with age and have a direct impact on a patient's respiratory symptoms and potential adverse effects of therapy, thereby influencing the choice of therapies and delivery systems and potentially increasing the likelihood of complex polypharmacy. In conclusion, asthma, although traditionally considered a disease of the young, should be considered as a potential diagnosis in older adults with respiratory symptoms, even without a history of asthma or allergies. As with all patients, the primary goals of asthma management in older adults are symptom control and exacerbation reduction.
From nuclear multifragmentation reactions to supernova explosions

In this talk I discuss properties of hot stellar matter at sub-nuclear densities which is formed in supernova explosions. I emphasize that thermodynamic conditions there are rather similar to those created in the laboratory by intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions. Theoretical methods developed for the description of multi-fragment final states in such reactions can be used also for description of the stellar matter. I present main steps of the statistical approach to the equation of state and nuclear composition, dealing with an ensemble of nuclear species instead of one "average" nucleus.
The origin and evolution of model organisms

The number of model organisms has grown in concert with the increasing number of genome-sequencing projects. As a result, the 'tree of life', which was previously based on a ribosomal RNA gene sequence, has been replaced by one that is based on genome-wide sequence data. Eukaryotes are no longer considered to be close relatives of Archaebacteria, but rather genomic hybrids of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Large numbers of genes were transferred from prokaryotes to the eukaryote nucleus during symbiotic events. Owing to recent analyses of genomic sequences, phylogenetic support for the presence of hyperthermophiles — species that live at high temperatures — at the base of the tree of life has been weakened. Molecular-clock analyses have supported a more recent origin of Cyanobacteria than indicated by the fossil record. The date is now estimated to be closer to the time at which oxygen levels began to rise in the Earth's atmosphere, as indicated by geological evidence. Some cytological and genomic evidence support the existence of a premitochondrial period in the history of eukaryotes, although this topic has been debated. Whether the ancestors of some amitochondriate eukaryotes once had mitochondria also remains controversial. The basal position of liverworts among land plants has been uprooted, although an alternative phylogeny has not yet been established. Molecular-clock analyses indicate that the main groups of fungi diverged hundreds of millions of years earlier than indicated by the fossil record. The relationships between humans, nematodes and fruitflies continue to be debated, despite the knowledge of their complete genomes.AbstractThe phylogeny and timescale of life are becoming better understood as the analysis of genomic data from model organisms continues to grow. As a result, discoveries are being made about the early history of life and the origin and development of complex multicellular life. This emerging comparative framework and the emphasis on historical patterns is helping to bridge barriers among organism-based research communities.
A tool to estimate roaming behavior in wireless architectures

This paper describes a software-based tool that tracks mobile node roaming and infers the time-to-handover as well as the preferential handover target, based on behavior inference solely derived from regular usage data captured in visited wireless networks. The paper presents the tool architecture; computational background for mobility estimation; operational guidelines concerning how the tool is being used to track several aspects of roaming behavior in the context of wireless networks. Target selection accuracy is validated having as baseline traces obtained in realistic scenarios.
Conceptions of Reinhart Koselleck's Theory of Historical Time in the Thinking of Michael Oakeshott

SUMMARYIn recent years students of politics have begun to recognise Reinhart Koselleck's practice of Begriffsgeschichte, the study of conceptual history, as a useful approach for investigating key concepts in political ideologies and the history of ideas. But his theory of historical time—the temporal dimension to his semantic project and his broader theorising of the historical discipline—is often overlooked and underused as a heuristic device. By placing the thinking of Michael Oakeshott alongside Koselleck's theory of historical time, this article brings his thinking on temporality to the forefront, fashioning a conversation between the two thinkers about the place for history and the formal criteria necessary for ordering the past properly. In doing so, it juxtaposes Koselleck's reflections on historicity and his theory of historical time with Oakeshott's philosophical enquiry on the historical mode of understanding. It identifies important convergences and divergences between the two thinkers' theori...
Marlowe's Soldiers: Rhetorics of Masculinity in the Age of the Armada

The Rhetoric of Soldiers' Desire in "Tamburlaine" Epic Masculinity in Troy, Carthage, and London Pleasure, Peace and Performance in Edward's England Paying Tribute in Occupied Malta - From Chivalry to Commerce The Death of Ramus and Rhetoric in "The Massacre at Paris" Magical Realism and Predatory Playing in "Doctor Faustus".
At general hospital

What do you do to start reading general hospital? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this general hospital.
Prescribing Trends of Palliative Care Team's Use of Dexamethasone for Cancer-Related Pain.

Opioids are first-line therapy for cancer-related pain. In addition, corticosteroids are commonly utilized as adjuvant analgesics for pain and other symptoms in the oncology setting with limited supporting data. A retrospective analysis was conducted evaluating adult hospitalized patients receiving opioids who received once-daily dexamethasone on the recommendation of a specialty palliative care team during their hospitalization from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2016. Primary end point was to describe prescribing patterns of dexamethasone in this patient population and secondarily examining any effect on oral morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD), numeric pain score (NPS), and unwanted effects at 24 and 48 hours after the first dose of dexamethasone. Fifty-nine patients received an average dose of 13 mg (SD = 10) of dexamethasone for cancer-related pain, primarily acute pain (n = 36, 61%). Many died before hospital discharge or soon thereafter (n = 28, 47.5%). Although not statistically significant, our study shows a decrease of 23% and 19% in MEDD and NPS, respectively, without change in WBC after dexamethasone. A specialty palliative care team most often used once-daily dexamethasone for cancer-related pain in patients near the end of life. There were trends toward lower MEDD and NPS, but more robust studies are needed for validation.
Imagining the Cathars in Late-twentieth-century Languedoc

This article describes the recent resurgence of the popular memory of the thirteenth-century Cathar, or Albigensian, heresy and its bloody repression in Languedoc, south-western France. After centuries of having been relegated to the realms of elite historical theological and political writing, today the memory of the Cathars dominates local history, culture, literature and tourism. Indeed, the popular memory of the Cathars has become central to collective identity and its expressions. The article explores how local professional historians have mediated, sometimes awkwardly, between academic history and popular history.
Historical and historiographical issues in the study of pre-modern Japanese religions

The purpose of this essay is to address four broad issues in regard to the study of the history of religions in pre-modern (prior to 1868) Japan, es­ pecially in the early (712-1185) and medieval(1185-1600) periods, in order to redress certain imbalances in the study of pre-modern Japanese religions with regard to those issues.1 Those four issues are: First, the relation between Buddhism and Shinto. Second, the relation between the development of religious institu­ tions, rituals and doctrines, and developments in the society-atlarge of the time. Third, the comparative importance of religious institutions, rituals, and doctrines, as well as the main purposes of ritual. And fourth, the relation between religion and politics. Each of these issues contains within it two sets of questions: one, an his­ torical set,has to do with the whole matter of the nature and structure of pre-modern Japanese societies, and the second, an historiographical set, involves an inquiry into the matter of why modern studies of pre-modern Japan have the shape that they do. In this essay we will consider sequen­
Action-Reaction or Rational Expectations?: Reciprocity and the Domestic-International Conflict Nexus during the “Rhodesia Problem”

In this article, the author makes a case for expanding our focus from national-attribute studies of intranational conflict toward strategic behavior studies of intranational conflict. One payoff of such a move is that it enables us to specify a linkage between the strategic behavior of both domestic and international actors and thus address the often theorized, but rarely established, intranational-international conflict nexus. Further, the author takes a synthetic approach to the recent debate between action-reaction and rational expectations models of international conflict behavior and derives hypotheses concerning the behavior of both domestic and international parties to an armed intranational conflict. The hypotheses are then tested in a time-series case study design using the Rhodesian/Zimbabwean case for the period from 1957 to 1979. The results demonstrate that there existed an intranational-international conflict nexus in this case and highlight the utility of adopting a strategic behavior approach to studying armed intranational conflict.
Clustering-Based Predictive Process Monitoring

The enactment of business processes is generally supported by information systems that record data about each process execution (a.k.a. case). This data can be analyzed via a family of methods broadly known as process mining. Predictive process monitoring is a process mining technique concerned with predicting how running (uncompleted) cases will unfold up to their completion. In this paper, we propose a predictive process monitoring framework for estimating the probability that a given predicate will be fulfilled upon completion of a running case. The framework takes into account both the sequence of events observed in the current trace, as well as data attributes associated to these events. The prediction problem is approached in two phases. First, prefixes of previous (completed) cases are clustered according to control flow information. Secondly, a classifier is built for each cluster using event data attributes to discriminate between cases that lead to a fulfillment of the predicate under examination and cases that lead to a violation within the cluster. At runtime, a prediction is made on a running case by mapping it to a cluster and applying the corresponding classifier. The framework has been implemented in the ProM toolset and validated on a log pertaining to the treatment of cancer patients in a large hospital.
The causal structure of economic models

Large quantitative models of the economy are increasingly being used to prepare short-term and long-term projections. In most cases inspection of each single equation is not sufficient to understand the functioning of a complete model, a situation which sometimes leads to so-called “counter-intuitive” results of model simulations. The authors briefly describe a method for the analysis of the causal structure of large models and apply this method to an analysis of the United Nations model of the future of the world economy directed by W. Leontief.
On the Superiority of Anglo-American Literature

In Dialogues, Deleuze contrasts French and Anglo-American literatures, arguing that the French are tied to hierarchies, origins, manifestos and personal disputes, whereas the English and Americans discover a line of flight that escapes hierarchies, and abandons questions of origins, schools and personal alliances, instead discovering a collective process of ongoing invention, without beginning or determinate end. Deleuze especially appreciates American writers, and above all Herman Melville. What ultimately distinguishes American from English literature is its pragmatic, democratic commitment to sympathy and camaraderie on the open road. For Deleuze, the American literary line of flight is toward the West, but this orientation reflects his almost exclusive focus on writers of European origins. If one turns to Chinese-American literature, the questions of a literary geography become more complex. Through an examination of works by Maxine Hong Kingston and Tao Lin, some of these complexities are detailed.
Counselling in general practice.

Viv Ball, Derbyshire Family Health Service Authority Annalee Curren, Counsellor in General Practice, London Raanan Gillon, Director of Imperial College Health Service Roger Higgs, Department of General Practice, Kings College Hospital Jill Irving, Counsellor in NHS and Private Practice, Berkshire Anthony Mann, Institute of Psychiatry Geoffrey Marsh, General Practitioner, Stockton-on-Tees Nancy Rowland, Centre for Health Economics, University of York
Using Metagueries to Integrate Inductive Learning and Deductive Database Technology

This paper presents an approach that uses metaqueries to integrate inductive learning with deductive database technology in the context of knowledge discovery from databases. Metaqueries are second-order predicates or templates, and are used for (1) Guiding deductive data collection, (2) Focusing attention for inductive learning, and (3) Assisting human analysts in the discovery loop. We describe in detail a system that uses this idea to unify a Bayesian Data Cluster with the Logical Data Language (LDL++), and show the results of three case studies, namely: discovering regularities from a knowledge base, discovering patterns and errors from a large telecommunication database, and discovering patterns and errors from a large chemical database.
Coda: Postnarrativist Philosophy of Historiography

The perception that it is necessary to choose between a nihilistic ‘anything goes’ postmodernism and an absolutist objectivism has bewitched much of the contemporary philosophical discussion on historiography and beyond. This book has tried to show the way in which historiography, and specifically its main cognitive products, can be evaluated and ranked rationally, but without a commitment to the correspondence theory of truth. Postnarrativist philosophy of historiography endorses the initial insight of narrativism that the texts and entire books of history are the main knowledge contributions of historiography and must be the subjects of philosophical analysis, but it understands them as exemplifying historiographical reasoning for theses of history.
Strictness Logic and Polymorphic Invariance

We describe a logic for reasoning about higher-order strictness properties of typed lambda terms. The logic arises from axiomatising the inclusion order on certain closed subsets of domains. The axiomatisation of the lattice of strictness properties is shown to be sound and complete, and we then give a program logic for assigning properties to terms. This places work on strictness analysis via type inference on a firm theoretical foundation. We then use proof theoretic techniques to show how the derivable strictness properties of different instances of polymorphically typed terms are related.
“Like a pillar of fire above the Alps”: William Blake and the Prospect of Revolution

The Alps are not part of a sublime prospect in William Blake's poetry simply because they provoke Burkean terror or occasion a Kantian sensation of the unrepresentable. Rather, in both The Song of Los (1795) and Jerusalem (1804–c. 1820), the Alps are sublime in so far as they present the prospect of revolution. The earlier poem flirts simultaneously with a vision of revolution as eschatological finality and as the political realization of the ideas of “Rousseau and Voltaire.” By contrast, Jerusalem conveys revolution as an experience that potentiates the emergence of a radical ontological condition that frees the subject from both political and religious subjectivation. This paper traces the ways Jerusalem harnesses the Kantian sublime to Deleuzian concepts of difference and repetition. Jerusalem embraces the contra-finality of the sublime that Kant disparages and exploits the aesthetic as a Deleuzian site for the emergence of ontological difference. When Los sings his “watch song,” “the Alps and the Appe...
Structuring Computer Generated Proofs

One of the main disadvantages of computer generated proofs of mathematical theorems is their complexity and incomprehensibility. Proof transformation procedures have been designed in order to state these proofs in a formalism that is more familiar to a human mathematician. But usually the essential idea of a proof is still not easily visible. We describe a procedure to transform proofs represented as abstract refutation graphs into natural deduction proofs. During this process topological properties of the refutation graphs can be exploited in order to obtain structured proofs.
Synthesis of aluminum nitride in air by the self–combustion of mechanically activated aluminum–graphite powders

The powders of aluminum metal and natural graphite mixed in various molar ratios(Al/C=7/0∼0/7) were ground in a planetary ball mill. When the mixtures thus activated mechanically were exposed to air, exothermic reactions spontaneously occurred in two successive steps, evolving red heat initially and then white heat. The main product was aluminum carbide in the first step and aluminum nitride as well as carbide in the second step. From the measurements of XPS spectra and the lattice constants, it was considered that aluminum nitride obtained is solid solutions with the composition of (Al 2 OC) 1-x (AlN) x . The effect of mixing ratio of Al to C, grinding time and gas atmosphere on the formation of aluminum nitride are discussed.