nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
УЛУЧШЕНИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЬНОГО БЛАГОСОСТОЯНИЯ И КОММУНАЛЬНОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ КОЛХОЗНИКОВ (1950-е 1980-е гг. ХХ в.)

The article presents an analysis of state activity on an improvement of matetial welfare in regard to the rural population of the Tajik SSR in the 50-ies – 80 ies of the XX-th century. Into the bargain resorting to comparable exploration the author studied the activities of big economy holdings of the republic, such as Lenin collective-farm (Proletar nokhiya) Urunkhodjayev collective-farm of Khodzhent nokhiya, “Communism” of Vakhsh nokhiya, Lenin collective-farm of Vose` nokhiya; the activities being aimed at an elevation of material welfare of rural labourers. The author proves that collective-farm frameworks were a school of progressive experience and upbringing of working-people in labour spirit. The author comes to the opinion that under today`s economuc activity one ought to preserve the Soviet experience in question.
From the Temple to the Castle: An Architectural History of British Literature, 1660-1760

Visiting Britain in the mid-18th century, Andre Rouquet wrote that "in England more than in any other country, every man would fain be his own architect." Not surprisingly, then, several of the most important 18th-century British authors were also practicing architects: John Vanbrugh, a playwrite, designed Blenheim Palace; the poet Alexander Pope offered architectural drawings for redesigning the houses of friends; and Horace Walpole claimed that the home he renovated, Strawberry Hill, inspired his Novel "The Castle of Otranto". The work of John Milton and Thomas Gray also exhibits an abiding interest in architecture. By examining the connections between literature and architecture in the work of these writers and by viewing architecture in literary terms, Lee Morissey traces a narrative of cultural change in the Augustan age and beyond. A literary scholar with a strong background in architectural theory and practice, Morissey examines architectural references made by these authors and architectural publications familiar to them. Each chapter establishes a connection with architecture in the careers of an author and then describes how a principal text - "Paradise Lost", "The Provok'd Wife", "An Essay on Man", "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard", and "The Castle of Otranto" - focuses the literary and historical issues of the period in architectural terms. While some 20th-century architectural theorists have worried that treating architecture in literary terms robs it of its social function, Morrissey argues that architecture can be a language and still participate in political and social contexts, because language itself is political and social. The fruit of his argument is a unique intellectual history of late 17th- and early 18th-century Britain of use to scholars of architectural history and landscape architecture as well as of literature.
The Money Rate of Interest and the Influence of Assets in a Multistage Economy with Gold or Paper Money: Part II

The role of long lived assets is considered in serving as hostages to extend the domain of trustless trade in an exchange economy. Assuming that individuals have life cycle preferences, we consider the most general set of utility functions consistent with these preferences and a stationary equilibrium for an OLG economy. The influence of the type of asset, durable or storable on the need for money is considered.
Chemical diabetes mellitus in childhood. Report of a conference.

The recognition of chemical diabetes mellitus in children has led to questions of diagnostic criteria, methodology of testing, choice of populations to study and possible therapeutic approaches to the prevention of progression to overt (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Since the natural history of chemical diabetes in children includes spontaneous improvement as well as stability or progression of glucose intolerance, evaluation of the significance of abnormality and the effect of potential therapy is difficult. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), despite problems in interpretation and methodology, remains the only generally accepted test for chemical diabetes in children. Criteria for interpretation of the OGTT in children used by pediatric investigators are similar to the Fajans and Conn standards for adults. Application of these criteria to certain high risk groups, including obese children, children with mild symptoms suggestive of hypoglycemia, and siblings of those with overt diabetes, has permitted the identification of 200 children with this stage of diabetes. Approximately 11 per cent have progressed to insulin dependency during one to seventeen years of observation. Data on treatment of these patients is limited to anecdotal reports or summaries of small groups of patients treated for variable periods with sulfonylurea drugs. It is not possible to recommend a therapeutic program for children with chemical diabetes, except in the case of the overweight child, where diet restriction may be as efficacious as in adults. Thus, testing of high risk persons and attempts at treatment should only be undertaken in an investigational setting.
Hobbes & the Coleman Thesis

In his well-known book, Hobbes and America: Exploring the Constitutional Foundations (1977), Frank Coleman characterized Hobbes' political theory as liberal democratic and, therefore, as an appropriate model for understanding American liberalism. In this article, Professor Heinrichs contends that Hobbes' theory is neither liberal nor democratic, and that it is actually in opposition to, not in harmony with, liberal thought and practice in America.
A comment or two on holographic dark energy

It has, quite recently, become fashionable to study a certain class of holographic-inspired models for the dark energy. These investigations have, indeed, managed to make some significant advances towards explaining the empirical data. Nonetheless, surprisingly little thought has been given to conceptual issues such as the composition and the very nature of the implicated energy source. In the current discourse, we attempt to fill this gap by the way of some speculative yet logically self-consistent arguments. Our construction takes us along a path that begins with an entanglement entropy and ends up at a Hubble-sized gas of exotic particles. Moreover, our interpretation of the dark energy turns out to be suggestive of a natural resolution to the cosmic-coincidence problem.
Using Parallelism and Pipeline for the Optimisation of Join Queries

In this study we present a technique for the parallel optimisation of join queries, that uses the offered coarse-grain parallelism of the underlying architecture in order to reduce the CPU-bound optimisation overhead. The optimisation technique performs an almost exhaustive search of the solution space for small join queries and gradually, as the number of joins increases, it diverges towards iterative improvement. This technique has been developed on a low-parallelism transputer-based architecture, where its behaviour is studied for the optimisation of queries with many tenths of joins.
On the vacuum Cherenkov radiation in noncommutative electrodynamics and the elusive effects of Lorentz violation

We show that in the framework of noncommutative classical electrodynamics Cherenkov radiation is permitted in vacuum and we explicitly compute its spectrum at first order in the noncommutative parameter. We discuss the phenomenological impact of the merge of this new analysis with the old results of the substantial modification to the spectrum of the synchrotron radiation obtained in Castorina P., Iorio A. and Zappala D.,  (2004) 065008. We propose to consider the pulsars' radiation spectrum—due to its very strong magnetic field—to investigate these Lorentz violating effects in astrophysical phenomena.
The Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of America

An account of Spain's effort in the 16th century to tackle the legal and moral questions raised by the meeting of Europeans and American native peoples. Hanke contends that Spain was not destructive in its conquests of the territories and cultures of Middle and South America, but rather sought to bring those New World lands and peoples under its control in a just and considerate way. This volume features a previously unpublished personal and professional reminiscence by the author, who was a prominent figure in Latin American studies in the United States in the mid-20th century.
Retrospective Analysis: Most Common Diagnoses Seen in a Primary Care Clinic and Corresponding Occupational Therapy Interventions

The literature supports occupational therapy (OT) on primary care (PC) interprofessional teams; however, due to uncertainty regarding the role of, and reimbursement for, OT in PC, few occupational therapists practice in PC. This study addressed the first barrier by identifying the 15 most common diagnoses in a specific PC practice and determining how many of them have evidence-based OT interventions appropriate for their treatments.  A retrospective analysis of the ICD-10 codes used by one physician during a 12-month period was completed. These codes were reviewed and categorized using a functional classification system to determine the 15 most frequently occurring diagnostic categories. These diagnostic categories were compared to evidence-based industry standard OT interventions.  We reviewed 1,769 distinct ICD-10 codes and condensed them into 58 thematically grouped diagnostic categories. The 15 most frequent categories comprised 64% of the codes used. Evidence-based OT interventions to treat conditions directly, or address related underlying issues and common comorbidities, were identified for 100% of these categories.  Evidence-based OT interventions exist to treat aspects of 100% of the 15 most common conditions seen in PC. The findings support the growing body of literature that demonstrate the use of occupational therapists as interprofessional PC team members. Comments The authors report that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Generating Idempotents in Ideal Codes

Most of the codes used in engineering support a vector space structure (linear block codes) or becomes a submodule of a polynomial ring (convolutional codes). In the linear case, the benefits are amplified if we also consider the notion of cyclicity, since the ambient space is also endowed with an algebra structure and cyclic codes come to be ideals. Over convolutional codes, this notion requires something more sophisticated than a simple extension of the block one , and the underlying working algebra is no longer a polynomial ring but an skew polynomial ring A[z;σ] over a finite commutative semisimple algebra A. Very recently, in , these codes are called ideal codes and they are defined over Ore polynomial rings A[z;σ, δ], where A is a finite (possibly non-commutative) semisimple algebra. Nevertheless, effective algorithms are provided whenever A is a separable group algebra of a finite group over a finite field. In this work we aim to cover more examples, see Example 3, than the former papers by assuming certain mild conditions of separability in A, see Corollary 2. In particular, we prove that they are generated by an idempotent element. We also provide an algorithm for computing a generating idempotent, which in particular is applicable the ideal codes from . For brevity, we only shall consider Ore polynomial rings A[z;σ, δ] where the σ-derivation δ = 0, albeit, under suitable conditions, our results remain true for an arbitrary δ. In our examples, except for 0 and 1, we shall write the elements of a finite field F as powers of a primitive element.
SOME NOTES ON PARISH EDUCATION IN LATIN AMERICA 1

1. These notes were originally prepared for a meeting of the Board of the Educational Renewal Fund, with no other intent than to point out and challenge some aspects of Christian Education as it is being developed in most of our Protestant churches in Latin America. They merit a wider and deeper treatment, but it they could stimulate and develop a critical reflection on the Latin American Christain educators and leaders, their purpose will be achieved.
Evidence and Knowledge

According to Williamson, your evidence consists of all and only what you know (E = K). According to his critics, it doesn’t. While E = K calls for revision, the revisions it calls for are minor. E = K gets this much right. Only true propositions can constitute evidence and anything you know non-inferentially is part of your evidence. In this paper, I defend these two theses about evidence and its possession from Williamson’s critics who think we should break more radically from E = K.
Nanocrystallization, good soft magnetic properties and ultrahigh mechanical strength for Fe82-85B13-16Si1Cu1 amorphous alloys

Si 1 Cu 1 amorphous alloys with low B content and high B/Si content ratios were synthesized by melt spinning for developing good soft magnetic and high strength materials. The crystallization occurs through two stages and the first-stage onset temperature increases from 673 K to 705 K with increasing B content, while the second-stage temperature remains nearly constant. The first and second stages are due to the precipitation of the α-Fe(Si) phase with a size of about 30 nm and the decomposition of the remaining amorphous phase to α-Fe(Si)+Fe 3 B+Fe 2 B, respectively. The Fe-based alloys exhibited good soft magnetic properties both in annealed amorphous and nanocrystallized amorphous+α-Fe(Si) phases. The saturated magnetic flux density, coercivity and permeability at 1 kHz are 1.7 T, 4.92 A/m and 7100, respectively, for the annealed amorphous 14B alloy and 1.74 T, 5.62 A/m and 10100, respectively, for the nanocrystallized 13B alloy. The Vickers hardness ( H v ) is 803–867 for the as-spun state and it increases with decreasing B content. The H v increases significantly by crystallization to α-Fe+amorphous phases and reaches 997–1550 for the alloys annealed at 693–763 K just before T x2 . The ultrahigh H v is presumably due to the combination of fine nanoscale mixed phases, high volume fraction of α-Fe(Si) without internal defects and the enrichment of B into the remaining amorphous phase. Such ultrahigh H v has not been obtained for Fe-based amorphous and crystallized alloys before and the addition of 1%Cu is essential for the ultrahigh H v and the amorphous phase formation for the Fe-rich 85%Fe alloy. The new Fe-based alloys are encouraging as future soft magnetic and ultrahigh strength materials with low material cost.
Is education really underfunded in resource-rich economies? Evidence from a panel of U.S. states

Existing development literature has argued that natural-resource endowments ``curse'' economic prosperity by reducing expenditures on education. According to this theory, public and private agents lack sufficient foresight to make optimal economic decisions and become poor as a result. Using a panel of U.S. state-level data, this paper offers evidence to the contrary. Public spending on education in resource-rich states greatly exceeds that in resource-scarce ones, and private education services are imperfectly crowded out as a result. More generally, this paper highlights the importance of exploiting both spatial and temporal variation in resource wealth when studying resource-rich economies.
A Literature Review on Operational IT Risks and Regulations of Institutions in the Financial Service Sector

In the last decade public authorities have put many global and local regulations for financial institutions into practice. Several of these regulations concern operational IT risks of financial institutions. For financial institutions using the Advanced Measurement Approach operational risk is important to calculate their minimum capital requirements. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review concerning operational risks, regulations and financial institutions. 37 scientific articles were analyzed and categorized by Basel II operational risk definition. Research gaps were identified in particular regarding the role of IT to balance of minimum capital requirements, the use of operational risk information systems and the discovery of toxic combinations of privileges within and outside of IT systems and services.
Exercise as stroke prophylaxis.

Stroke is the third most common cause of death in industrialized countries, accounting for more than 10% of deaths over age 65. Most strokes are due to arteriosclerosis. Regular physical activity lowers arterial blood pressure and body weight and improves glucose and lipid metabolism, thereby slowing the development of arteriosclerosis and its cardiovascular complications, particularly myocardial infarction. This review focuses on the question whether physical activity might also have a preventive effect on cerebral infarction and hemorrhage.



This analysis is based on 33 prospective cohort studies and 10 case-control studies that addressed the potential effect of physical activity on stroke-related morbidity and mortality.



Our meta-analysis shows that physical activity reduces the risk of all types of stroke (infarction, hemorrhage, and stroke of unspecified type). The relative risk (RR) of fatal or non-fatal cerebral infarction is 0.75, while the corresponding figures for cerebral hemorrhage and stroke of unspecified type are 0.67 and 0.71, respectively. The reduction of risk is only statistically significant for men. The case-control studies show an RR of 0.32 for men and women combined.



When a multivariate analysis is performed that takes other vascular risk factors into account, physical activity is found to have an independent protective effect against cerebrovascular events. The effect is statistically significant only for men, not for women.
Matching with partially ordered contracts

In this paper, we study a many-to-many matching model with contracts. We extend the economic model of Hatfield and Milgrom by allowing a partial order on the possible bilateral contracts of the agents in a two-sided market economy. To prove that a generalized stable allocation exists, we use generalized form of properties like path-independence and substitutability. The key to our results is the well-known lattice theoretical fixed point theorem of Tarski. The constructive proof of this fixed point theorem for finite sets turns out to be the appropriate generalization of the Gale–Shapley algorithm also in our general setting.
Development of Structure and Porosity at Medicine Lake Field in Northeast Montana Williston Basin: ABSTRACT

Medicine Lake field produces oil from the Mississippian Charles, Devonian Winnipegosis, Silurian Interlake, and Ordovician Stony Mountain and Red River Formations. Drill-stem tests also show a potential for production from the Devonian Birdbear and Duperow Formations. Noncommercial quantities of oil were recovered from the Mississippian Mission Canyon Limestone and Ordovician Winnipeg Formation. Different combinations of bioclastic bank development, dolomitization, solution, and fracturing have contributed to the porosity of each of the producing formations. Porosity development in the Winnipegosis and Red River Formations may have been influenced by the Medicine Lake paleostructure. The Medicine Lake structure is slightly elliptical, 1 mi (1.6 km) in diameter, and has 125 ft (38 m) of structural closure at the top of the Red River Formation. Growth of the structure was essentially complete by the end of Devonian time. On another structure at nearby Outlook field, structural movement can be shown to have continued into the Cenozoic. The configuration of Cambrian and Precambrian rocks at Medicine Lake suggests that the structure there formed by the compaction of Cambrian sediments deposited around a hill on the Precambrian land surface. Regional-scale southeast-plunging anticlines in the eastern Montana Williston basin may also have formed by compaction of Cambrian sediments on a differentially eroded Precambrian land surface. End_of_Article - Last_Page 851------------
Encouraging SME Acceptance of EDI: An Educational Approach

Telecommunications addresses the tyranny of distance for international and domestic trade communities by providing information linkages both internally and externally to an organisation. These global networks give firms the opportunity to gain strategic advantages such as the strengthening of trading partner relationships and the redesigning of internal procedures to improve overall efficiency and cost effectiveness. Many organisations more noteably small and medium-sized enterprises however, have been slow to adopt telecommunications and its enabled technologies (EDI in particular) due to a general lack of understanding of the benefits available from their effective utilisation. This paper describes the various benefits attributed to telecommunications and, more specifically, to EDI. The paper summarises many of the major factors which might be contributing to the slow rate of acceptance of this technology, despite the benefits which the business community stands to gain from its widespread adoption. The paper then argues that using laboratory-based teaching programmes might prove to be an effective way in which to alleviate this problem of EDI and telecommunications acceptance, particularly in the case of SMEs.
Effect of rare earth additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloys

In order to meet the demands of high temperature components in automobile, the microstructure and mechanical properties of several new die-casting AZ91-rare earth (RE) magnesium alloys were studied. The alloys were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), tensile and creep tests. The results show that Ce addition has little effect on the mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy at high temperature, while Y and Nd addition play important role in the improvement of creep resistance. New alloys containing Y or Nd with excellent high temperature performance are selected to produce cylinder head cover of high power diesel engine of Red Flag car and oil pan of Besturn car. The new magnesium alloys with RE addition for die-casting have potential to produce power-train parts, and can greatly decrease weight.