nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Family-of-Origin Perceptions of Doctoral Student Psychotherapists with Doctoral Students in Other Fields: Implications for Training

This study compared the family-of-origin perceptions of doctoral psychotherapists in training with doctoral students in other social science fields. The sample consisted of 41 therapists in training from three programs (two in counseling and one in clinical psychology) and 47 doctoral students in the fields of history, political science, educational psychology (research measurement statistics), and economics. Results indicated differences in family-of-origin perceptions between the two groups on measures of family cohesion, adaptability, and family satisfaction.
Application of building information modeling (BIM) to civil engineering projects

There are various draw backs in conventional method used for planning, scheduling & monitoring projects in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC)industry which fails to provide a clear view of the on-going actual work at the project site. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is Single file concept collaborating various database of the project at one platform. It is a data repository for building design, construction & maintenance information combined in one convenient model to share with all the stakeholders. 3D visualizations allow customers to see historic preservation & site context with respect to the new project. This paper focuses the perspective of a planning engineer with respect to Conventional method & B I M and gives a methodology to prepare a 4D simulated model of a Gr. (Stilt) + 16 Floor residential building taking 4 dimension as time. AEC Industry, Building Information Modeling, Conventional method,
Cascading microstructures in aluminum-steel interfaces created by impact welding

With the growing need to develop light weight structures joining dissimilar metals is inevitable. Hence a fundamental understanding of the microstructure evolution and bond formation mechanism is necessary. In this work we probe the welded interface in aluminum and steel joined using vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW) a novel impact welding process. The goal of such a detailed characterization campaign is to understand the bond formation mechanism. The study shows that the interfacial microstructure has a pronounced hierarchical nature. At the macro scale, the interface is characterized by a wavy interface which is a result of extensive plastic deformation that accompanies the process. Detailed transmission electron microscopy shows evidence for the formation of a liquid film at the interface resulting in significant inter diffusion of Fe. The solidified structure at the interface consisted of crystalline α -Al and an amorphous metastable Al-Fe intermetallic compound similar to the observations in rapid solidification of Al-Fe alloys. The sub-nm scale characterization of the interface using atom probe tomography showed two distinct zones 1. A magnesium (5 at.%) and oxygen (15 at.%) rich (not detectable using energy dispersive spectroscopy) which was probably from the decomposition of the surface oxide film 2. The rapidly solidified reaction zone consisting of primary crystalline α -Al and an amorphous Al-Fe (15 at.%)-O (0.5 at.%)-Si (1.5 at.%). Based on these observations a mechanism for the bond formation is presented.
Evolution of the Turfan Basin, Chinese central Asia

The Turfan Basin extends approximately 550 km east-west by 100 km north-south within northwest China and is located between branches of the intracontinental Tien Shan orogenic belt. At present it is an intermontane foreland basin loaded by southward transported thrust sheets at its northern margin. This deformation is a long-distance manifestation of the India-Asia collision, but the orientation and location of Cenozoic structures is strongly influenced by the pre-Cenozoic history of the region. The exposed basement marginal to the Turfan Basin consists of volcanics, granitoids, volcaniclastics, and deepwater sedimentary rocks associated with the North Tien Shan island arc and subduction-accretion complexes north of the North Tien Shan fault. This arc had accreted to the Central Tien Shan by late Carboniferous to early Permian times. The North Tien Shan fault represents a major boundary between Paleozoic arcs and accretionary complexes to the north and Proterozoic basement of the Central Tien Shan and Tarim Block to the south. Postcollisional thrusting appears to have provided a tectonic load for Lower Permian subsidence and sedimentation. Early postcollisional strata are turbidites, but there was a shoaling of facies until the deposition of Permo-Triassic conglomerates. No marine sediments have been deposited in the region since the Paleozoic. At least two Mesozoic episodes of compressional deformation are recorded at the northern margin of the basin, which was an intermontane foreland basin during this era. Lower Jurassic fluvial and lacustrine clastic rocks lie above a regional unconformity. An Oligocene unconformity marks the onset of coarse clastic sedimentation in the Cenozoic and probably indicates the start of major compressional deformation related to the India-Asia collision. Sedimentation rates have increased through the Cenozoic. The neotectonics of the Turfan Basin are dominated by a southward directed thrust system, emergent within the basin at the Fire Mountains range. Southward directed thrusting appears to have been a feature of Mesozoic age tectonics, and possibly the late Paleozoic tectonics of the basin; the most important neotectonic structures in the Turfan Basin follow older structural trends.
Exploiting space and location as a design framework for interactive mobile systems

This article considers the importance of context in mobile systems. It considers a range of context-related issues and focus on location as a key issue for mobile systems. A design framework is described consisting of taxonomies of location, mobility, population, and device awareness. The design framework inorms the construction of a semantic model of space for mobile systems. The semantic model is reflected in a computational model built on a distriuted platform that allows contextual information to be shared across a number of mobile devices. The framework support the design of interactive mobile systems while the platform supports their rapid development.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ce0.85La0.15O1.925 Nanorods (Li, Na)2CO3 Nanocomposites as a Solid Electrolyte for LT-SOFCs

Nanorods of Ce0.85La0.15O1.925 (CLO) have been synthesized using a wet-chemical route and characterized by thermal analysis, phase, crystal structure, microstructure and electrical conductivity. Nanorods have been stabilized by adding binary eutectic mixture of Li2CO3 and Na2CO3. This hinders the grain growth of Ce0.85La0.15O1.925 nanorods. Cubic fluorite structure of ceria has been detected by X-ray diffraction. A sharp increase in the conductivity has been observed at a certain temperature, corresponding to superionic transition at the interfaces. This composition shows the highest conductivity, 1.14 × 10−1 S/cm at 500 °C with activation energy of conduction 0.19 eV. This value is about three orders of magnitude higher than that of Ce0.85La0.15O1.925 (2.02 × 10−4 S/cm at 500 °C) nanoparticles prepared by auto-combustion route.
Economics of environmental quality

The authors use the term environmental quality to refer to the conditions associated with those resources that have not been assigned to the market for allocation. Though the focus is on air and water quality, it could just as well include conditions of crowding, visual stimuli, and odors within the same framework. This analysis addresses itself to the economic aspects of environmental quality as the term is currently defined. First, in an introduction to the nature of the problem, the subject is put in a perspective of time and place. Subsequent chapters provide an economic analysis of the problem, present discussions of environmental demand, and analyze such topics as the conflict between economic development and environmental quality, legal solutions to the problem, and the uses and effects of taxes and subsidies as means for ameliorating conflict over environmental quality. Most of the discussion here revolves around the question of allocational efficiency: the old problem of scarce resources and who gets them. In this sense, the discussion is market-oriented. The study takes the view that since the quality of the environment is recognized as a scarce resource, it should be treated accordingly. This approach should provide additional insight into the taskmore » of formulating policies to deal with environmental resources.« less
Petrologic Characteristic and Geologic Significance of the Dacite in the Bandaohu Area, North of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Characteristic of the dacite in petrology,petrochemistry,petrogeochemistry in the Bandaohu area, north of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau indicated that geotectonic position of Bandaohu area belong to Bayankala terrane was active continental margin which perhaps had been influenced by many island arcs behind the middle Permian Period.
The Election Controversy Among Lutherans in the Twentieth Century: An Examination of the Underlying Problems

The Election Controversy among Lutherans in the Twentieth Century: An Exa mination of the Underlying Problems.  John M. Brenner The Election Controversy of the nineteenth century re-shaped the face of confessional Lutheranism in America. The Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America, the leading voice of confessional Lutheranism in America, bore the brunt of the dispute and ultimately dissolved. This dissertation examines the Election Controv ersy with special attention to the twentieth century attempts to resolve it in order to discover the underlying problems that have prevented the opposing sides from reaching a resolution. The disserta tion is written from the viewpoint of the Wisconsin Synod, one of the synods involved in the controversy but often ignored in the discussion of it. The study is needed because contemporary observ ers do not have a good understanding of confessional Lutheranism and Lutheranism’s historic e mphasis on doctrinal purity. The dissertation demonstrates that the underlying caus es of the controversy and the failures to resolve it were departures from Luther’s approach t theology and from the historic Lutheran stress on doctrine and doctrinal agreement for the expression of churc h fellowship.  The Lutheran Doctrine of Election in the Reformation & Age of Orthodoxy 7 Lutheran Doctrine in the Age of the Reformation 8 Melanchthon’s Theology 24 Formula of Concord (1577) 30 Lutheran Doctrine in the Age of Orthodoxy 35  The Election Controversy among Lutherans in America in the Nineteenth Century, 1879-1900 45 Confessional Revival in Europe 46 Confessional Lutheranism in America 49 The Election Controversy 65 Reactions outside the Synodical Conference 105  Chapter Three: The Free Conferences of the First Decade of the Twentieth Century 109 Relations between Ohio and Iowa 110 The Midwestern Free Conferences 114  Chapter Four: The Madison Settlement ( Opgjør) and the Drive to Norwegian Lutheran Union 136 The Lutheran Church in Norway 137 Norwegian Lutheranism in America 141 The Nineteenth Century Break in the Norwegian Synod over Election 144 The Union Movement after 1900 156 The Madison Settlement ( Opgjør) 163 Conclusion 184 Chapter Five: The Intersynodical Movement & the Chicago (Intersynodical) Theses 186 Reformation Anniversaries, Lutheran Mergers, and Movements 187 The Intersynodical Movement 191 The Chicago (Intersynodical) Theses 198 Ohio, Iowa, and Buffalo Fellowship and Merger 217  The Controversy between the Missouri Synod and the Wisconsin Synod and the Evangelical Lutheran Synod 231 Background 232 Winds of Change 239 Missouri – Wisconsin Controversies 244  Participants in the Election Controversy 283 Appendix E – Lutheran Mergers 285 Appendix F – Theses 287 Bibliography 310
What promotes greater use of the corporate bond market? A study of the issuance behaviour of firms in Asia

This paper investigates bond market development in Asia by exploring the determinants of firms’ decisions to issue public debt in a range of Asian economies. Using a novel database covering the period 1995 to 2007, we use comparable micro level panel of nine countries - China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand - to explore factors that promote bond issuance by firms. We control for firm characteristics and market features such as bond market depth and liquidity; we also consider supra-national policy initiatives to improve bond market function. Our paper demonstrates that regional initiatives have been an important step towards greater bond issuance by firms in Asia, mostly by fostering market deepening and improving liquidity.
Firm-to-Firm Relationships and Price Rigidity - Theory and Evidence

Economists have long suspected that firm-to-firm relationships might increase price rigidity due to the use of explicit or implicit fixed-price contracts. Using transaction-level import data from the U.S. Census, I study the responsiveness of prices to exchange rate changes and show that prices are in fact substantially more responsive to these cost shocks in older versus newly formed relationships. Based on additional stylized facts about a relationship’s life cycle and interviews I conducted with purchasing managers, I develop a model in which a buyer-seller pair subject to persistent, stochastic shocks to production costs shares profit risk under limited commitment. Once structurally estimated, the model replicates the empirical correlation between relationship age and the responsiveness of prices to shocks. My results suggest that changes to the average length of relationships in the economy - e.g., in a recession, when the share of young relationships declines - can influence price exibility and hence the effectiveness of monetary policy.
What Shall We Tell the Children? The Press Encounters Columbus

NATIONS OUTGROW HEROES, the way children must learn to live without Santa. Lenin is being toppled in Russia. The Federal government removed Custer's name from his national park. It is now Christopher Columbus's turn at the chopping block. Journalists, editorial writers, and talk show hosts suddenly see in Columbus a hot prospect, now that he has become "controversial."This article looks at some of the opening skirmishes of this surprising Quincentenary year conflict over a hero, as presented in the press, with a special focus on how this conflict has become the bugbear of right-wing commentators. James Axtel, in 1987, sounded one of the first scholarly warnings that all was not well with how events surrounding 1492 are presented in American history textbooks. His reading of the most popular college texts revealed gross distortions of the reality of the "discovery." He advised school boards and teachers to stop adopting textbooks "that are hopelessly outdated, stylistically painful, and cratered with crucial omissions."' The academic community was not prepared to make an adequate response to his critique. Perhaps too many specialists in America and Europe saw in the upcoming anniversary of the first Atlantic crossing an opportunity to gain funding for big projects such as getting the NuovaRaccolta Colombiana2 translated, producing a fresh twelve-volume collection of the major
Aligning Communication Analysis with the Unifying Meta-model for Enterprise Modeling

Enterprise Modeling (EM) captures and represents organizational knowledge in models that cover different views of the enterprise. The models can be leveraged in the development of information systems. Investigating how to use them as input to model-driven development (MDD) is an open challenge. This paper explores how a holistic EM approach, represented by a unifying meta-model, can benefit from integrating with Communication Analysis, a communication-oriented business process modeling and requirements engineering method. As a first step towards an integrated EM-enabled MDD approach, the unifying meta-model and Communication Analysis meta-model are aligned. A set of guidelines for transforming models conforming to the unifying meta-model to Communication Analysis models are formulated. The approach is illustrated using a lab demo.
Ni-Doping Effect on the Structural and Optical Properties of Sprayed ZnO Thin Films

Nickel-doped ZnO thin films with different Ni contents (0 - 15%) were deposited on glass substrate at 350°C by a spray pyrolysis technique. 0.1 M solutions of zinc acetate and nickel sulphate were used as the precursors with air as the carrier gas. The effect of Ni-doping on the structural and optical properties of the layers was evaluated using appropriate techniques. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed that nickel atoms were successively incorporated into ZnO host matrix without forming any detectable secondary phase. All the grown films were polycrystalline with the (002) plane as the preferred orientation and the peak position shifted towards higher diffraction angle with the increase of doping content in the films. The films had hexagonal shaped grains and the evaluated grain size varied in the range of 20 - 48 nm. The optical studies revealed a decrease of transmittance with the increase of Ni-doping content in the films and the evaluated energy band gap was found to be direct that decreased from 3.32 eV to 3.05 eV.
Bond Cleavage Reactions in Solid Aqueous Carbohydrate Solutions

AbstractPurpose. To investigate chemical reactivity in water soluble glasses.
Methods. Rates of bond cleavage reactions in freeze-dried and freeze-concentrated aqueous carbohydrate solutions were measured above and below the glass transition temperatures (Tg). The kinetics of two reactions have been determined in formulations containing di- and polysaccharides: (1) fission of the Asp-Pro peptide bond in Physalaemin and Hamburger peptide by following the release of proline, using a ninhydrin based reaction and (2) the unimolecular dissociation of 2-(4-nitrophenoxy) tetrahydropyran by following the release of the 4-nitrophenoxy anion.
Results. The results show clearly that reaction occurs below the glass transition temperature, albeit at very reduced rates. No significant enhancement of the temperature dependence of the rate constant was observed near Tg. Different water soluble glasses provide different degrees of stability. The order of stabilisation was sucrose> Ficoll (low mol. weight)> Byco A ≅ Ficoll (high mol. weight)> dextran. The density of the matrix, and therefore the degrees of freedom of mobility of the reactant, is thought to be responsible for these differences.
Conclusions. The storage of therapeutic agents, such as proteins, in glassy matrices below Tg does not confer indefinite stability. When formulating products, notice should be taken of the differing stabilisation properties of excipients.
Social choice and information: a note on the calculus of mappings from utility spaces

Social choice is studied in this paper as a mapping from information on utilities over states of the world to an ordering of those states of the world. The idea of using this type of information originates in the work of Sen and Roberts. This paper differs in that it uses theorems from analysis to derive its results in a straightforward manner. It also gives information on the way in which all states of the world, on any path through the set of states of the world, must be ordered.
P. P. CARP. The Literary Past of a Politician

Known mainly for his political career, the conservative P. P. Carp was also a man of letters. As such, he introduced himself to the specialists in this field as a reviewer of works created by various authors (B. P. Hasdeu, G. Sion and R. Roman) and as a translator (W. Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Othello and Al. von Humboldt’s On Steppes and Deserts). His literary activity showed that not only was he someone who knew well the masterpieces of European literature, but also someone who had good knowledge of literary theory. His literary critiques and translations (the only Romanian who translated two Shakespearian works in the 19th century) represented the practical application of Junimea association’s project to create a national identity in the multicultural European area of the second part of the abovementioned century. P. P. Carp. A politician’s literary past.
Social security systems in low income countries: Concepts, constraints and the need for cooperation

This paper describes existing systems of social security in developing countries and analyses their institutional strengthes and weaknesses. To this end, the paper identifies four main providers of social security, namely the state, the market, member-based organisations, and the private households. Given the weaknesses of each system, the paper explores the possibilities of a public-private partnership which should be based on local information on the one hand, while profiting from possibilities of risk pooling, reinsurance and better access to risk capital on the other.
A 'New Institutional Economics' Perspective on Market Augmenting Government

elements of the concept present in that paper suggested themselves as insightful ways to look at the world. First, the paper argues that there are two types of markets -- those where transactions are or tend to be self-enforcing, which are illustrated by spot markets, and those where they are not, which are illustrated by future-oriented markets. Second, the paper also suggests that the role of government in both types of markets is different. In the former, governments provide law and order services and money as a reliable medium of exchange services; in the latter, they must provide, in addition, contract enforcement services. Third, the paper stresses that most markets in modern economies are future-oriented and that a failure to provide contract enforcement services prevents development. Finally, it goes on to propose contract intensive money (CIM) ,or the ratio of demand and time deposits to the broad money supply (M2), as a measure of the effectiveness of governments in providing contract enforcement services and to test its explanatory power in various ways. The second element of this paper provides a narrow and descriptive view of what we are presently calling market augmenting government services. Earlier work by North (1990) provided a useful characterization of markets into traditional and modern and emphasized the need for an impartial judiciary in the latter type. Nevertheless,