nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Метафорический образ будущего России в политическом дискурсе

This is a review of the monograph “Solopova O.A. Cognitive and Discursive Retrospect: the Study of the Models of Future in Political Discourse: monograph / O. A. Solopova.  Publishing House of South Ural State University, 2014.175p.” Metaphorical representation of the future of Russia in political discourse of the USA, the British Empire and the Russian Empire is compared. Metamodel of probable future is suggested for comparing cognitive and discursive versions of the future (the sequence of events leading to the probable future).
Machiavelli's people and Shakespeare's prophet: the early modern afterlife of

Both Machiavelli and Shakespeare were drawn to Livy’s and Plutarch’s stories of the legendary field commander turned political inept, Caius Martius, who was honored with the name Coriolanus after sacking the city of Corioles. The sixteenth-century ‘coriolanists’ are usually paired as advocates of participatory regimes and said to have used Coriolanus’s virulent opposition to power-sharing in early republican Rome as an occasion to put plebeian interests in a favorable light. This article objects to that characterization, distinguishing Machiavelli’s deployment of Coriolanus in his Principe and Discorsi from Shakespeare’s depiction of Coriolanus and his critics on stage. The essay that follows puts Machiavelli’s and Shakespeare’s comments on Caius Martius in the context of the ‘factious practices’ they deplored in late medieval Italy and Elizabethan and early Stuart England, respectively.
Entropy quotients and correct digits in number theoretic

Expansions that furnish increasingly good approximations to real numbers are usually related to dynamical systems. Although comparing dynamical systems seems difficult in general, Lochs was able in 1964 to relate the relative speed of approximation of decimal and regular continued fraction expansions (almost everywhere) to the quotient of the entropies of their dynamical systems. He used detailed knowledge of the continued fraction operator. In 2001, a generalization of Lochs’ result was given by Dajani and Fieldsteel, Equipartition of interval partitions and an application to number theory, describing the rate at which the digits of one number-theoretic expansion determine those of another. Their proofs are based on covering arguments and not on the dynamics of specific maps. In this paper we give a dynamical proof for certain classes of transformations, and we describe explicitly the distribution of the number of digits determined when comparing two expansions in integer bases. Finally, using this generalization of Lochs' result, we estimate the unknown entropy of certain number theoretic expansions by comparing the speed of convergence with that of an expansion with known entropy.
Gleason's Theorem on Self-Dual Codes and Its Generalizations

One of the most remarkable theorems in coding theory is Gleason's 1970 theorem about the weight enumerators of self-dual codes. In the past 36 years there have been hundreds of papers written about generalizations and applications of this theorem to different types of codes, always on a case-by-case basis. In this paper I state the theorem and then describe the far-reaching generalization that Gabriele Nebe, Eric Rains and I have developed which includes all the earlier generalizations at once. The full proof has just appeared in our book "Self-Dual Codes and Invariant Theory" (Springer, 2006). This paper is based on my talk at the conference on Algebraic Combinatorics in honor of Eiichi Bannai, held in Sendai, Japan, June 26-30, 2006.
New Product Search Over Time: Past Ideas in Their Prime?

This paper investigates how the age of the knowledge that firms search affects how innovative they are. Two seemingly contradictory propositions are examined: (1) old knowledge hurts by making innovation activities obsolete, and, (2) old knowledge helps because it is more reliable and legitimate, thereby promoting innovation. Results based on longitudinal data on 131 robotics firms reconcile the contradictory propositions: while old intra-industry knowledge hurts, old extra-industry knowledge promotes innovation.
Revisiting ‘Weinberg’s Choice’: Classic Tensions in the Concept of Scientific Merit

Alvin Weinberg’s classic and much debated two articles in Minerva, “Criteria for Scientific Choice” (1963) and “Criteria for Scientific Choice II – The Two Cultures” (1964), represent two of the first and most important attempts to create a meta-discourse about priority setting in science policy, and many of the points advanced remain relevant. The goal of this paper is to elaborate on the relevance of some of Weinberg’s original arguments to priority setting today. We have singled out four issues for attention: The tension between scientific and institutional choice, the assumptions behind the triad of scientific, technological and social merit, the elusive ‘externality from size’ argument for funding promoted by Weinberg, and finally the problems involved in the idea of basic science as an ‘overhead cost’ for applied science, and applied science as an ‘overhead’ on a sectoral mission. These four issues will be elaborated from a policy perspective and connected to present day challenges for science and technology policy.
Inflence of Cadmium Substitution in Magnesium Ferrites on Structral and Mechanical Properties

This work had the objective of studying the detailed structural properties cadmium doped of Magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) obtained, which was prepared by low-cost solid-state Method and characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. The X-ray analysis confirms the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size, Texture coefficient [TC(hkl)], dislocation density (ρD), hopping lengths and mechanical properties are also reported.SEM images reveals agglomerated non-uniform grains with grain size varies from 0.7031 µm to 1.1158 µm.
Soothsaying or science?: Falsification, uncertainty and social change in macroeconomic modelling

Macroeconomic models play an increasingly important role in economic policy-making and evaluation. They cost large sums of money, yet appear unable to forecast the ups and downs of economic activity with any accuracy. Drawing on material gathered during interviews with leading UK economists, I draw a distinction between `strong' and `weak' claims in econometrics, and discuss how these relate to the falsification of economic models and theories. Empirical work in econometrics is shown to be chronically ambiguous, and it is argued that the stochastic properties of macroeconomic models swamp any trends identified. Furthermore, although macroeconomic models can support economic forecasts, they cannot produce them unaided — forecasters must use their skill and judgement to anticipate future events and render forecasts plausible. The conclusion drawn is that although their pedagogic value is undisputed, the case for using macroeconomic models to guide, frame and evaluate economic policy has not yet been made.
MULTINATIONALS AND US PRODUCTIVITY LEADERSHIP: EVIDENCE FROM GREAT

We study the productivity of US and other foreign owned plants in the UK. Using a new dataset that can identify for the flrst time domestic UK MNEs in such a study, we flnd that UK MNEs are less productive than US a‐liates, but as productive as non US foreign a‐liates. Exploiting dynamic variation in our data, we flnd evidence suggesting that this additional US advantage is due to the takeover of already highly productive UK plants rather than the sharing of superior flrm speciflc assets. The study also features a novel approach to TFP calculation.  Multinational Firms, Productivity, Foreign Ownership, US leadership ⁄ This work contains statistical data from the O‐ce of National Statistics (ONS) which is Crown copyright and reproduced with the permission of the controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. The use of the ONS statistical data in this work does not imply endorsement of the ONS in relation to the interpretation or analysis of the statistical data. y We thank two anonymous referees for extremely helpful comments, plus Lee Branstetter,
Portrait of the Family Within the Total Economy: A Study in Longrun Dynamics, Australia 1788 1990

1. Economic protraits or reality exposed Part I. The Forgotten Economy: 2. The total economy 3. The household economy 4. Household workers 5. The market and the household 6. A new portrait of the Australian economy Part II. Accounting for the Total Economy: 7. A new approach to historical social accounting 8. Household and household workers 9. Capital, land, and income in the total economy 10. Retrospective Glossary of new terms and concepts Endnotes Bibliograpy Index.
Engineering control software systems: A multi-disciplinary challenge

Advancement of computer, software, telecommunication and internet technologies during the last twenty years has fundamentally shifted the focus of the expertise in control-systems engineering (CSE) industry. It is evident that building high-quality modern control systems requires a multi-disciplinary effort as a single engineer simply cannot be an expert in all the related areas, e.g., software/computer engineering, computer science and information systems. As an experience and evidence report, this article reports on the challenges in CSE based on the authors' experience and presents observations and potential recommendations for multi-disciplinary nature of CSE. It is hoped that the article would bring awareness to the community and would be useful for the industrial practitioners and researchers working in this area in building stronger multi-disciplinary CSE teams and, ultimately, in building higher-quality modern control systems.
Review on preparation techniques of particle reinforced metal matrix composites

这篇论文为金属矩阵 composites 和最近完成的研究结果的准备考察这些技术的调查地位。机制，特征，应用程序范围和这些 preparatior 技术的开发的层次被分析。优点和每种技术的劣势综合地被评估。最后，研究的未来方向和为金属矩阵 composites 的准备技术的前景被预报。
Social occupational therapy: conversations about a Brazilian experience.

Researchers and practitioners worldwide have advocated for the development of critical perspectives in occupational therapy to examine the structural influences of social exclusion and injustice experienced by individuals, groups, and communities. To take action against social exclusion and injustice, Brazilian occupational therapists have been developing "social occupational therapy," referring to practice that is focused on social issues and funded outside the health system.



This paper presents a Brazilian perspective on the concept and practice of social occupational therapy. Illustrations are drawn from 12 studies, developed between 2008 and 2013, which were completed with socially vulnerable youth through an ongoing university-community engagement partnership in São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil.



The authors discuss possibilities and challenges for developing a socially committed, transformative occupational therapy outside the health system.



Occupational therapists may wish to seize opportunities to address social issues and attract funding beyond health services.
False vs. Missed Discoveries, Gaussian Decision Theory, and the Donsker-Varadhan Principle

The article touches on two themes in which Larry Brown has been interested, namely foundations, and mathematical analysis of Bayesian deci- sion theory. In the section on foundations, a new formulation of the problem of testing is given, and is theoretically explored. The formulation strikes a balance between false discoveries and missed discoveries. Basic higher order asymptotic theory for the α level that this formulation would imply is then worked out. Accuracy is investigated and examples are given. In the section on Bayesian decision theory, first, the Brown identities are connected to a set of inequalities of elliptic boundary value problems. It is shown by four specific results that sometimes a result in that field can lead to new results in Bayesian decision theory, and sometimes a result in decision theory can give surprisingly useful information about a problem in that field. For instance, Brown identities can provide amazingly good estimates of best constants in the Nash inequalities over Sobolev spaces. The article ends with a result on the modern theory of high dimensional Gaussian mean estimation. By means of a triangulation of the Brown identity, the Rayleigh-Ritz variational formula of boundary value problems, and the famous Donsker-Varadhan result connecting the Rayleigh-Ritz formula to the absorption time of a Brownian motion into the boundary of a smooth bounded open domain, we show that the minimax risk of estimating the Gaussian mean can be approximated by chasing a Brownian motion to the boundary of the parameter space. This link should be tested by simulation. 1. Foreword Although my failing eyesight has limited my normal activities, when the editors of this volume kindly invited me to write an article, I knew that it was an honor that I could not pass. I first corresponded with Larry Brown around 1982, when I was a PhD student at the Indian Statistical Institute in Calcutta. In the 30 years that have followed, I have learned from and have been inspired by Larry Brown's signature humility, and his work in numerous areas, including decision theory and mathematical analysis of difficult Bayesian problems, foundations, asymptotics, and theoretical validation of methodologies. This article touches on two of these themes, which form an extremely small corner of Larry Brown's work. These are among the main topics on which I have myself corresponded with him, or have worked with him. It is my greatest pleasure to present these few calculations in honor of Professor Brown.
جهانیشدن و ایران (ارزیابی جایگاه ایران در فرایند جهانیشدن)

In this paper, the writers discuss the process of globalization as the most important process facing the human societies. The writers first discuss the importance, the background and the origin of this process and examine the various definitions of globalization offered. Then they explore the theoretical dimensions of this process and address the question whether globalization is synonymous with Americanization of westernization of the world. Finally, the writers examine the position of Iran in this process.
The Global Spread of Neoliberalism and China's Pension Reform since 1978

This article treats China’s pension reform as part of the global spread of neoliberalism, arguing that China’s pension reform was a process of the triumph of neoliberal models based on individual accounts. Chinese policymakers emulated or learned from the ILO social insurance in the 1980s, Singapore’s central provident funds until 1995, and the World Bank’s model since 1995, and the national forces dominated that process until 1995, when the World Bank established itself as the driving force. China’s pension reform has been far from successful, as shown in the difficulties in funding the individual accounts and the issue of fragmented coverage. But the neoliberal model will continue to exist, largely due to the fact that once adopted it is hard to abolish, and the continual compromises among policymakers.
Perioperative myocardial infarction/injury after noncardiac surgery.

Cardiovascular complications, particularly perioperative myocardial infarction/injury, seem to be major contributors to mortality after noncardiac surgery. With surgical procedures being very frequent (900 000/year in Switzerland), perioperative myocardial injury is common in everyday clinical practice. Over 80% of patients experiencing perioperative myocardial injury do not report symptoms. Therefore perioperative myocardial injury remains undiagnosed and untreated. Moreover, its silent presentation results in limited awareness among both clinicians and the public. Despite being largely asymptomatic, perioperative myocardial injury increases 30-day mortality nearly 10-fold. This review aims to increase the awareness of perioperative myocardial injury/infarction and give an overview of the emerging evidence, including pathophysiology, clinical presentation, prevention, and potential future treatments.
Grasping reality through illusion—interactive graphics serving science

I treat three related subjects: virtual-worlds research—the construction of real-time 3-D illusions by computer graphics; some observations about interfaces to virtual worlds; and the coming application of virtual-worlds techniques to the enhancement of scientific computing.
We need to design generalized interfaces for visualizing, exploring, and steering scientific computations. Our interfaces must be direct-manipulation, not command-string; interactive, not batch; 3-D, not 2-D; multisensory, not just visual.
We need generalized research results for 3-D interactive interfaces. More is known than gets reported, because of a reluctance to share “unproven” results. I propose a shells-of-certainty model for such knowledge.
The developing of personal and professional skills in automotive engineers through university competitions

Promoting personal and professional skills is becoming an issue of interest and major concern in university environments and this, in turn, is being driven by the demands of business. In this paper the authors, teachers from UPM and ISAT, present the basic features of the Formula SAE project and some other international competition such as Eco-Shell Marathon, Cost, and analyze the way these competitions helps to promote 24 basic skills in the students, compared to other activities carried out during their engineering degree courses.
Granular Transformation and Irreducible Element Judgment Theory Based on Pictorial Diagrams

As an important tool for data analysis and knowledge processing, formal concept analysis has been applied to many fields. Currently, granular computing (GrC) provides a novel approach for data analysis. In this paper, pictorial diagrams of a formal context are first defined based on equivalence relations. And then, from the viewpoint of GrC, the transformation between equivalence classes and three kinds of concepts (formal concept, property oriented concept, and object oriented concept) in formal contexts are studied. Further, using the relationships between arrow relations proposed by Wille and Ganter and irreducible elements of a concept lattice, the new judgment theorems for join(meet)-irreducible elements of a concept lattice, join-irreducible elements of a property oriented concept lattice and an object oriented concept lattice are achieved.
Competitive Advantage in Market Space: Implications of Relationship Marketing

The Internet has been playing a key role to prolifically reach the target market. Simultaneously, the implications of Relationship Marketing (RM) to establish, maintain and enhance competitive advantage in the traditional marketplace are widely recognized. However, because of the online, ongoing, and on time communication approach of the Internet (the market space), the application of RM in the market space evolves as more sensitive than the traditional marketplace. From this context, this chapter attempts to recognize the RM perspectives that are standardized as RM indicators of five grown organizations and have been playing a key role to influence their competitive advantage in the market space. Fifteen RM indicators are attributed from the Internet marketing practices of these organizations that could be utilized to sustainably nurture competitive advantage in the market space. The application of these RM indicators emerges as viable across industries and markets.
The relationship between major element chemistry and tectonic environment of basic and intermediate volcanic rocks

This work reports the preliminary results of a study of the relationship between tectonic environment and major element chemistry of volcanic rocks. Using a file of 8400 analyses of rocks of varying ages and geographic distribution it has been found that a simple ternary plot of MgO FeO(total) Al 2 O 3 may be used to distinguish five tectonic environments: ocean ridge and floor, ocean island, continental, orogenic, and spreading center island. Subalkaline “basaltic-andesites” (51–56% SiO 2 calculated anhydrous) are used in this study. Alkaline rocks do not generally show the simple patterns of tholeiitic or subalkaline rocks. The ocean island suite is bimodal with one mode tholeiitic and the other alkaline. A bimodal age/chemistry relationship in the continental suite is tentatively related to different conditions during and after active breaking up of continents (rifting and drifting stages). Most of the Archean rocks in our file generally do not fall in the orogenic field. It is unlikely that modern island arc models can be generally applied to Archean greenstone belts. Locally, however, there may be Archean rocks analogous in some respect to modern calc-alkali rocks.
Phase Composition and the Effect of Thermal Cycling for VH(sub x) V(sub 0.995) C(sub 0.005)H(sub x) and V(sub 0.975)Zr(sub 0.020)C(sub 0.005)H(sub x)

X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were performed on hydride phases formed by vanadium and its carbon substituted alloys. It was previously found that thermal cycling of VHx across the B-y mixed phase region changed the reversible hydrogen storage capacity and other properties.
Magnetic and Electric Properties of RuSr2GdCu2O8

We have performed an experimental study of magnetic and magneto‐transport properties on a polycrystalline sample of RuSr2GdCu2O8. (Ru‐1212). Two peaks in the derivative of the resistive curves were identified in the temperature T1 = 43 K and T2 = 34 K at zero magnetic field. The magnetization presents an increase, at the same temperature T2 of the resistive curves, followed by a decrease at lower temperatures, which leads to the appearance of a peak in the magnetization versus temperature plots upon entering of superconducting state. We discuss how the anomalies observed in the magnetic and electric measurements could be originated by fault in the stoichiometric of Ru‐1212.
Depression and prehospital delay in the context of myocardial infarction.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how depression might influence treatment-seeking behaviors in the context of evolving symptoms of myocardial infarction (MI).



Post-MI patients (n = 433) completed a retrospective self-report measure of depressive symptoms with regard to the 2 weeks preceding the MI and a semistructured interview regarding their treatment-seeking behaviors.



Survival analyses found that delay in seeking treatment for acute MI symptoms was observed among participants who (1) attributed their symptoms to noncardiac causes, (2) perceived their symptoms to be relatively mild, (3) experienced gastrointestinal distress, (4) did not experience sweating, and (5) reported being depressed during the 2 weeks before hospitalization. Subsidiary analyses indicated that, among depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance and fatigue predicted delay.



Depression warrants further attention as a variable that may influence treatment seeking for MI symptoms. Results highlight the need to adequately screen for and treat depression among persons at risk for MI.
Chapter 3 – Protozoa

Publisher Summary 
The goal of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the ecology and classification of protozoa for ecologists who wish to include them in studies of aquatic environments. Protozoa are unicellular or colonial eukaryotes, including all the heterotrophic and motile ones. It is a taxon of convenience. Although the protozoa were considered a single phylum of eukaryotic animals in early classifications, modern treatments distribute the protozoa among many phyla. Large protozoa that have many nuclei, or large amitotic, polyploid nuclei may be best considered acellular rather than unicellular creatures. The chapter focuses on the biology of the animal-like protozoa. It describes the anatomy and morphology at the light-microscope level of different types of protozoa (ciliates, flagellates, amoeboids, and heliozoas), and describes their environmental physiology, ecology, evolution, and taxonomy.