nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacotherapy plus psychotherapy for treatment of depression in active injection drug users.

Depressive disorders are common among opiate abusers and are associated with detrimental behavioral effects. However, there is little precedent for offering active drug users complex treatments for depression.



To determine whether combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy treatment reduces reported depressive symptoms compared with an assessment-only condition among out-of-treatment drug injectors.



Randomized controlled trial.



Research office located at an academic medical center.



Active injection drug users with a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression, dysthymia, substance-induced mood disorder with symptoms persisting for at least 3 months, or major depression plus dysthymia, and a Modified Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score greater than 13.



Combined psychotherapy (8 sessions of cognitive behavior therapy) plus pharmacotherapy (citalopram).



Modified HAM-D scale scores at the end of 3 months of combined treatment.



The 109 study subjects were 64% male and had a mean age of 36.7 years and a mean baseline HAM-D score of 20.7. Depression subtypes included major depression only (63%), substance-induced depression (17%), and major depression plus dysthymia (17%). In the intent-to-treat analysis, participants in treatment averaged 2.11 HAM-D points greater improvement than control subjects (P=.08), and 26.1% of combined treatment patients (n=53) compared with 12.5% of control patients (n=56) were in remission (P=.047). Nearly 40% of fully adherent subjects (receiving >75% of either psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy) were in remission at follow-up (odds ratio, 3.6; P=.04).



Combined treatment for depression is significantly superior to a control condition (assessment only) in proportion of patients in remission, but not in HAM-D improvement among drug injectors. Full adherence to treatment is associated with the largest treatment effects. Our findings demonstrate that active drug users with dual diagnoses are able to participate in conventional treatment.
Lapatinib monotherapy in patients with relapsed, advanced, or metastatic breast cancer: efficacy, safety, and biomarker results from Japanese patients phase II studies

HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) relapsing after trastuzumab-based therapy may require continued HER2 receptor inhibition to control the disease and preserve the patients' quality-of-life. Efficacy and safety of lapatinib monotherapy was evaluated in Japanese breast cancer patients after trastuzumab-based therapies.In studies, EGF100642 and EGF104911 evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral lapatinib given 1500 mg once daily in patients with advanced or MBC. All patients progressed on anthracyclines and taxanes; HER2-positive patients had also progressed on trastuzumab.For HER2-positive tumours (n=100), objective response rate was 19.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.8–28.1) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 25.0% (95% CI: 16.9–34.7). One out of 22 HER2-negative tumour was documented as complete response (n=22). The median time-to-progression (TTP) in the HER2-positive and HER2-negative groups was 13.0 and 8.0 weeks (P=0.007); median overall survival was 58.3 and 40.0 weeks, respectively. The most frequent adverse event was diarrhoea. TTP and CBR were significantly associated with HER2 expression. Patients with tumours harbouring an H1047R PIK3CA mutation or low expression of PTEN derived clinical benefit from lapatinib.Lapatinib monotherapy had shown anti-tumour activity in Japanese patients with HER2-positive MBC that relapsed after trastuzumab-based therapy, including those with brain metastases. Patients benefiting from lapatinib may have biomarker profiles differing from that reported for trastuzumab.
Laser angioplasty of restenosed coronary stents: results of a multicenter surveillance trial. The Laser Angioplasty of Restenosed Stents (LARS) Investigators.

This study evaluated safety and efficacy of excimer laser angioplasty for treatment of restenosed or occluded coronary stents.



Balloon angioplasty of in-stent restenosis is limited by a high recurrence rate. Debulking by laser angioplasty is a novel concept to treat in-stent restenosis.



A total of 440 patients with restenoses or occlusions in 527 stents were enrolled for treatment with concentric or eccentric laser catheters and adjunctive balloon angioplasty.



Laser angioplasty success (< or =50% diameter stenosis after laser treatment or successful passage with a 2.0-mm or 1.7-mm eccentric laser catheter) was achieved in 92% of patients. Adjunctive balloon angioplasty was performed in 99%. Procedural success (laser angioplasty success followed by < or =30% stenosis with or without balloon angioplasty) was 91%. There was neither a significant difference in success with respect to lesion length, nor were there differences between small and large vessels or native vessels and vein grafts. Success was higher and residual stenosis lower using large or eccentric catheters. Serious adverse events included death (1.6%, not directly laser catheter related), Q-wave myocardial infarction (0.5%), non-Q-wave infarction (2.7%), cardiac tamponade (0.5%) and stent damage (0.5%). Perforations after laser treatment occurred in 0.9% of patients and after balloon angioplasty in 0.2%. Dissections were visible in 4.8% of patients after laser treatment and in 9.3% after balloon angioplasty. Reinterventions during hospitalization were necessary in 0.9% of patients; bypass surgery was performed in 0.2%.



Excimer laser angioplasty with adjunctive balloon angioplasty is a safe and efficient technology to treat in-stent restenoses. These data justify a randomized comparison with balloon angioplasty.
Enhancement of platelet inhibition of ticlopidine plus aspirin vs aspirin alone given prior to elective PTCA.

In many patients today, elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is followed by implantation of coronary stents to achieve optimal results. The current medical strategy to prevent early reocclusion is the inhibition of platelet aggregation by administration of ticlopidine, in addition to aspirin, immediately after the procedure. In order to inhibit platelet aggregation as early as possible, many centres begin to treat patients with additional ticlopidine the day before elective coronary intervention. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of this strategy on platelet aggregation before angioplasty.



Fifty-two consecutive patients admitted to hospital for elective balloon angioplasty were prospectively randomized to receive either standard oral aspirin 100 mg per day or standard therapy plus 250 mg ticlopidine at the time of admission and the morning before angioplasty. Adenosine diphosphate-, collagen- and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation was measured immediately before the procedure by an investigator who was blinded concerning the arm of therapy.



The two groups of patients were comparable in terms of age, sex, body mass index, anginal state, time interval between application of study drug and coronary intervention. Patients on aspirin and ticlopidine had a mean maximal platelet aggregation of 36 +/- 12% with adenosine diphosphate as agonist. For the control group, 54 +/- 12% was measured (P < 0.001). Myocardial infarction or emergency coronary bypass grafting did not occur in either group. Local haemorrhagic complications at the arterial access site occurred in five (aspirin) and six (aspirin and ticlopidine) patients (P = ns) none of them requiring blood transfusion.



The additional application of ticlopidine to chronic aspirin therapy the day before elective coronary balloon angioplasty leads to a significantly higher inhibition of platelet aggregation at the time of the intervention. It seems to be safe compared to the standard procedure.
A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of electroanatomic circumferential pulmonary vein ablation supplemented by ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms versus potential-guided pulmonary vein antrum isolation guided by intracardiac ultrasound.

The study was conducted to compare relative safety and efficacy of pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) using intracardiac echocardiographic guidance and circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) using radiofrequency energy.



Sixty patients (81% men; 81% paroxysmal; age, 56+/-8 years) failing 2+/-1 antiarrhythmic drugs were randomly assigned to undergo CPVA (n=30) or PVAI (n=30) at 5 centers between December 2004 and October 2007. CPVA patients had circular lesions placed at least 1 cm outside of the veins. Ipsilateral veins were ablated en block with the end point of disappearance of potentials within the circular lesion. Left atrial roof line and mitral isthmus line were ablated without verification of block. For patients in AF postablation or with AF induced with programmed stimulation, complex fractionated electrograms were mapped and ablated to the end point of AF termination or disappearance of complex fractionated electrograms. PVAI did not include complex fractionated electrogram ablation. Esophageal temperature was monitored and kept within 2 degrees C of baseline or under 39 degrees C. Success was defined as absence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (AF/AT) off antiarrhythmic drugs. There was no difference between CPVA and PVAI regarding to baseline variables, catheter used, duration of the procedure, or RF delivery. Fluoroscopy time was longer with PVAI (54+/-17 minutes versus 77+/-18 minutes, P=0.0001). No significant complications occurred in either arm. PVAI was more likely to achieve control of AF/AT off antiarrhythmic drugs (57% versus 27%, P=0.02) at 2+/-1 years of follow-up.



A single PVAI procedure is more likely to result in freedom from AF/AT off antiarrhythmic drugs than CPVA supplemented by complex fractionated electrogram ablation in select patients.
Age-specific gender differences in early mortality following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in China

To assess whether younger, but not older, women in China have higher in-hospital mortality following ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) compared with men, and whether this relationship varied over the last decade or across rural/urban areas.



We analysed a nationally representative sample of 11 986 patients with STEMI from 162 Chinese hospitals in 2001, 2006 and 2011, in the China PEACE-Retrospective AMI Study and compared in-hospital mortality between women and men with gender-age interactions in multivariable models.



The overall in-hospital mortality rate was higher in women compared with men (17.2% vs 9.1%, p<0.0001; unadjusted OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.33). The unadjusted OR for mortality in women, compared with men, was 2.20 (95% CI 1.59 to 3.04), 2.21 (95% CI 1.74 to 2.79), 1.37 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.65) and 1.25 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.63) for ages <60, 60-69, 70-79 and ≥80 years, respectively. After adjustment for patient characteristics, hospital characteristics and year of study, the OR for mortality comparing women with men was 1.69 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.83), 1.64 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.19), 1.15 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.46) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.11) for ages <60, 60-69, 70-79 and ≥80 years, respectively. The gender-age interaction for mortality was statistically significant (p=0.009), even after adjustment for a wide range of confounders, and did not vary over time or across rural/urban areas.



Among a Chinese population with STEMI, gender differences in early mortality were age-dependent and greatest in the younger groups <70 years of age.
Flow-diverter silk stent for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms: 1-year follow-up in a multicenter study.

FD stent placement is a promising therapy for challenging intracranial aneurysms. Long-term evaluations about angiographic and morphologic results are still missing. This is the aim of this multicenter series.



We report our experience and 1-year FU in a retrospective chart review of 65 consecutive subjects with 77 unruptured or recanalized aneurysms that were treated with Silk FD stents at 6 centers in France. Both angiographic and clinical results were recorded before treatment and at 6 and 12 months after treatment. At the 12-month FU, relationships between angiographic aneurysm occlusion and shrinkage of the thrombosed aneurysm sac were evaluated.



Stent deployment was achieved in 64 cases (98.5%) and failed in 1 case (1.5%). Seven misdeployments of the Silk stent caused the occlusion of 6 parent arteries. Overall acute/subacute procedural morbidity was 7.7%, and mortality was zero. Delayed complications were observed in 10.9% of subjects. At the 6-month FU, permanent morbidity was 7.8% and mortality was 3%. Complete occlusion occurred within 6 months in 68% of aneurysms and within 12 months after treatment in 84.5% of aneurysms. At the 12-month FU, in angiographically complete occluded aneurysms, MR imaging/CT analysis showed the complete disappearance of the thrombosed aneurysm in 30% of cases and partial shrinkage in 52%; furthermore, thrombosed aneurysms were stable in 11% of cases and enlarged in 7%.



The Silk stent is an effective tool for the treatment of challenging aneurysms because it allows complete occlusion in most cases 1 year after treatment. Permanent morbidity was 7.8%, and mortality was 3%.
Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

Recent research has supported the use of mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions for Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD).



The purpose of the present study was to compare mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy (MAGT) with cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) with respect to outcome. It was hypothesized that MAGT and CBGT would both be superior to a control group but not significantly different from one another.



Individuals (N = 137, mean age = 34 years, 54% female, 62% White, 20% Asian) diagnosed with SAD were randomly assigned to MAGT (n = 53), CBGT (n = 53) or a waitlist control group (n = 31). The primary outcome was social anxiety symptom severity assessed at baseline, treatment midpoint, treatment completion, and 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness, acceptance, and rumination. Depression, valued living, and group cohesion were also assessed.



As hypothesized, MAGT and CBGT were both more effective than the control group but not significantly different from one another on social anxiety reduction and most other variables assessed.



The present research provides additional support for the use of mindfulness and acceptance-based treatments for SAD, and future research should examine the processes by which these treatments lead to change.
Left ventricular electromechanical mapping to assess efficacy of phVEGF(165) gene transfer for therapeutic angiogenesis in chronic myocardial ischemia.

NOGA left ventricular (LV) electromechanical mapping (EMM) can be used to distinguish among infarcted, ischemic, and normal myocardium. We investigated the use of percutaneous LV EMM to assess the efficacy of myocardial gene transfer (GTx) of naked plasmid DNA encoding for vascular endothelial growth factor (phVEGF(165)), administered during surgery by direct myocardial injection in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia.



A total of 13 consecutive patients (8 men, mean age 60.1+/-2. 3 years) with chronic stable angina due to angiographically documented coronary artery disease, all of whom had failed conventional therapy (drugs, PTCA, and/or CABG), were treated with direct myocardial injection of phVEGF(165) via a minithoracotomy. Foci of ischemic myocardium were identified on LV EMM by preserved viability associated with an impairment in linear local shortening. Myocardial viability, defined by mean unipolar and bipolar voltage recordings >/=5 and >/=2 mV, respectively, did not change significantly after GTx. Analysis of linear local shortening in areas of myocardial ischemia, however, disclosed significant improvement after (15.26+/-0.98%) versus before (9.94+/-1.53%, P:=0. 004) phVEGF(165) GTx. The area of ischemic myocardium was consequently reduced from 6.45+/-1.37 cm(2) before GTx to 0.95+/-0. 41 cm(2) after GTx (P:=0.001). These findings corresponded to improved perfusion scores calculated from single-photon emission CT-sestamibi myocardial perfusion scans recorded at rest (7.4+/-2.1 before GTx versus 4.5+/-1.4 after GTx, P:=0.009) and after pharmacological stress (12.8+/-2.7 before GTx versus 8.5+/-1.7 after GTx, P:=0.047).



The results of EMM constitute objective evidence that phVEGF(165) GTx augments perfusion of ischemic myocardium. These findings, together with reduction in the size of the defects documented at rest by serial single-photon emission CT-sestamibi imaging, suggest that phVEGF(165) GTx may successfully rescue foci of hibernating myocardium.
Cross-lingual keyword recommendation using latent topics

Multi-lingual text processing is important for content-based and hybrid recommender systems. It helps recommender systems extract content information from broader sources. It also enables systems to recommend items in a user's native language. We propose a cross-lingual keyword recommendation method, which is built on an extended latent Dirichlet allocation model, for extracting latent features from parallel corpora. With this model, the proposed method can recommend keywords from text written in different languages. We evaluate the proposed method using a cross-lingual bibliographic database that contains both English and Japanese abstracts and keywords and show that the proposed method can recommend keywords from abstracts in a cross-lingual environment with almost the same accuracy as in a monolingual environment.
Minimization of Product Utility Estimation Errors in Recommender Result Set Evaluations

Recommender systems are wide-spread web applications which can effectively support users in finding suitable products in a large and/or complex product domain. Although state-of-the-art systems manage to accomplish the task of finding and presenting suitable products they show big deficits in the applied model of human behavior. Time limitations, cognitive capacities, and willingness to cognitive effort bound rational decision taking which can lead to unforeseen side effects and furthermore to sub-optimal decisions. Decoy effects are cognitive phenomenons which are omni-present on result pages. State-of-the-art recommender systems are completely unaware of such effects. Due to the fact that such effects constitute one source of irrational decisions their identification and, if necessary, the neutralization of their biasing potential is extremely important. This paper introduces an approach for identifying and minimizing decoy effects on recommender result pages. To undergird the presented approach we present the results of a corresponding user study which clearly proofs the concept.
Stress and decision making: A few minutes make all the difference

Stress has been shown to impair decision making. However the temporal development of this phenomenon remains poorly understood. We speculated that the rapid stress induced increase in norepinephrine and the delayed increase in cortisol might exert opposing effects on decision making under risk. Therefore, three different experimental groups underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and performed the Game of Dice Task (GDT) at different time points in relation to the stressor, which lasted approximately 18min. The first group performed the GDT 5min after stress onset, the second and third group performed the GDT either 18 or 28min after TSST onset. Decision-making performance of the control group was measured after a respective resting time. Results confirmed a rapid activation of the sympathetic nervous system and a somewhat slower response of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. In the GDT an improvement of decision-making performance in the 5 and 18min stress groups compared to controls and the 28min stress group occurred. Descriptively, decision making of the 28min after stress group was more risky than decision making of the control group. Our findings are in line with the idea that a moderate increase in catecholamines enhances decision-making performance, while elevated cortisol concentrations may negatively affect decision making presumably via rapid nongenomic mechanisms.
A prospective study of sugar intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women.

To investigate prospectively whether intake of total or type of sugar is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The contribution of sugar intake to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes has not been settled in the context of primary prevention because of limited prospective data.



The Women's Health Study is a randomized controlled trial of aspirin and vitamin E in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. A validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was completed by 39,345 women aged 45 years and older. The main outcome was the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The predictor was sugar intake, including sucrose, glucose, fructose, and lactose. Using Cox proportional hazard models, multivariate RRs of type 2 diabetes for increasing quintiles of sugar intake compared with the lowest quintile were estimated.



Compared with the lowest quintile of sugar intake, the RRs and 95% CIs for the highest quintiles were 0.84 (0.67-1.04) for sucrose, 0.96 (0.78-1.19) for fructose, 1.04 (0.85-1.28) for glucose, and 0.99 (0.80-1.22) for lactose, after adjustment for known risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Similar findings of no association were obtained in subgroup analyses stratified by BMI.



Intake of sugars does not appear to play a deleterious role in primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. These prospective data support the recent American Diabetes Association's guideline that a moderate amount of sugar can be incorporated in a healthy diet.
Energy and nutrient intake of patients with mild-to-moderate chronic renal failure compared with healthy children: An Italian multicentre study

Nutritional counselling is important in the management of children with chronic renal failure (CRF). In 1988, a controlled European multicentre study was started to evaluate the effects of a low-protein diet on the progression of CRF in children. To assess the energy, macro- and micronutrient intake, 4-day weighed dietary records were obtained from 50 children with low to moderate CRF (creatinine clearance 65 to 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and from 93 healthy children. The mean energy intake was 90%–93% of the recommended dietary allowance for Italian children in controls and 76%–88% in CRF patients. The mean protein intake was 2.1–3.1 g/kg per day in controls and 1.6–2.7 g/kg per day in CRF patients. Overall, the energy intake was 10% and the protein intake 33% lower in CRF patients than in healthy children. Children with CRF consumed less cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus than healthy children. The lower spontaneous intake of energy, protein and other nutrients should be taken into account when planning the nutrition of children with CRF.