nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychosomatic education: The University of Chicago's program in liaison psychiatry☆

Psychiatric education for the medical student addresses itself to students' and potential non-psychiatric physicians' needs in identofying and addressing the biopsychosocial aspectsof patient care. The education is best based on the clinical method, using the extended interview to identify the relationship of environmental and social circumstances to the anlage, onset and reactionto illness in the patient. Within this pattern, genetic, epigenetic developmental patterns, earlier illness, behavioral and personality patterns are identified. In addition, family and social variables, including the effects of treatment procedures, hospitalization and interaction with the health team are reviewed. To whatever extent possible, the student is sensitized to this approach at the earliest phase of his(her) education, preferably in the pre-clinical years. The approach is reinforced during the introduction to clinical medicine and physical diagnosis. In the clinical years, individual patient consultations are arranged for students working with medical, surgical, pediatric and obstetrical patients on these services in which they review with patients their illness experiences. This is viewed as both an analytic and synthetic experience having an educational value for the student and a therapeutic one for the patient. Preceptors of such programs need thorough grounding in general and sometimes specialty medical disciplines as well as considerable exposure to psychological, behavioral and psychiatric medicine. Evaluation and support of these programs remain in question and should be addressed in discussion.
Seminar in Biodiversity Conservation: Towards New Paradigms

This course will use a graduate-student seminar format to examine the current state of knowledge about the goals and methods of biodiversity conservation, especially in reference to global changes, both environmental and social. Students will be expected to read the relevant scientific literature, to actively participate in class discussions, and to write three essays. The seminar is crafted to expose participants to the means of research and communication concerning the environmental consequences of global change, and especially in regards the management of species, ecosystems, and landscapes. New approaches to biodiversity conservation will be evaluated over the course of the semester.
Robust and sensitive indicators of groundwater health and biodiversity

XI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO GROUNDWATER, ITS MANAGEMENT AND GROUNDWATER ECOSYSTEMS 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 2 1.2 MANAGING GROUNDWATER HEALTH 3 1.2.1 FEDERAL AND NSW STATE INITIATIVES 4 1.2.2 COTTON INDUSTRY AND GROUNDWATER IN AUSTRALIA 4 1.2.3 IMPLEMENTING LEGISLATION AND PLANS 6 1.3 GROUNDWATER DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS 6 1.3.1 TYPES OF GROUNDWATER DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS 6 1.3.2 GROUNDWATER ECOSYSTEMS 8 1.4 AIM, OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES 9 1.5 THESIS STRUCTURE 10 CHAPTER 2: A TIERED FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING GROUNDWATER ECOSYSTEM HEALTH 13 PREAMBLE 14 2.1 ABSTRACT 15 2.2 INTRODUCTION 16
Genome-wide analysis reveals signatures of selection for important traits in domestic sheep from different ecoregions

BackgroundThroughout a long period of adaptation and selection, sheep have thrived in a diverse range of ecological environments. Mongolian sheep is the common ancestor of the Chinese short fat-tailed sheep. Migration to different ecoregions leads to changes in selection pressures and results in microevolution. Mongolian sheep and its subspecies differ in a number of important traits, especially reproductive traits. Genome-wide intraspecific variation is required to dissect the genetic basis of these traits.ResultsThis research resequenced 3 short fat-tailed sheep breeds with a 43.2-fold coverage of the sheep genome. We report more than 17 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and 2.9 million indels and identify 143 genomic regions with reduced pooled heterozygosity or increased genetic distance to each other breed that represent likely targets for selection during the migration. These regions harbor genes related to developmental processes, cellular processes, multicellular organismal processes, biological regulation, metabolic processes, reproduction, localization, growth and various components of the stress responses. Furthermore, we examined the haplotype diversity of 3 genomic regions involved in reproduction and found significant differences in TSHR and PRL gene regions among 8 sheep breeds.ConclusionsOur results provide useful genomic information for identifying genes or causal mutations associated with important economic traits in sheep and for understanding the genetic basis of adaptation to different ecological environments.
Messiaen: Poetics, Polemics and Politics

Olivier Messiaen is a figure we might instinctively feel we know. In a time of skepticism, he was the musical visionary; in an urban world he was the ‘ornithologist-composer’; in a complex and secular age he was the ‘simple man of faith’. This notion of the composer is underpinned by the sense that he stood apart from the rest of the twentieth century, that he was somehow different, and it is deeply ingrained: the entry on Messiaen in the second edition of The New Grove, for example, begins ‘He was a musician apart.’ 
New material that has recently come to light throws considerable doubt on the notion of the ‘musician apart’. In this article, I look at two aspects of this fresh evidence and consider the extent of Messiaen’s engagement with the aesthetic and political milieu of the 1930s. I look firstly at what new light it casts on Messiaen’s famous collaboration in La Jeune France. I then examine some work on Messiaen’s position in the highly-charged politics of the time before concluding with an analysis of Messiaen’s critical response to Darius Milhaud. 
Throughout, I argue that Messiaen’s engagement in the turbulent debates of the 1930s provides a vivid reminder that there is so much more to understand about the familiar ‘composer-rhythmician-ornithologist’, the ‘musician apart’, that we think we know so well.
Combustion Synthesis of TiCFe Composites under the Action of an Electric Field

Using thermal simulation equipment, the combustion synthesis process of the compact of 55wt%(Ti+C)–45wt%Fe was studied. The results show that the ignition temperature of Fe–Ti–C system can be decreased greatly under the action of electric field and great thermal density. Before heating up to 350°C, although there is no reaction takes place in the system, the microstructure of the system changes with the temperature; During heating from 350–470°C, a thermal explosion phenomenon appears. Especially in the earlier stage of the combustion reaction, the dominant reaction is the one synthesized TiC; As the temperature up to 670°C continuously, Ti(s)+C(s)=TiC(s) reaction takes place accompanying with 2Fe(s)+Ti(s)=Fe2Ti(s), and the conversion degrees of these reactions are increasing with the temperature increasing gradually. However, a part of Fe2Ti will be decompounded with the temperature increasing further, as a result, Ti(s)+C(s)=TiC(s) will go on because of the addition Ti. Consequently, the synthesized product consist of Fe, TiC and a little of Fe2Ti, and ultrafine TiC particles distribute in the Fe matrix uniformly.
Key Account Management in information-intensive services

Account Management (KAM) is surprisingly little known marketing approach in retailing and consumer services context, however it has much to offer to companies in these industries. It provides an effective, practical and rather simple method for companies interested in increasing their profits by right customer and relationship management. Indeed, KAM is a business-to-business marketing approach, however most retailers and service companies can greatly benefit from it. A large number of retailers and service companies operate both in the consumer and business-to-business market. Few retailers or service providers have never invoiced another company. Moreover, most consumer goods and services are influenced by business-to-business services. The availability and quality of consumer goods and services often essentially depends on various business-to-business services in the earlier phases of marketing channels. Furthermore, by understanding the logic of KAM, retailers and consumer service providers can develop their own key supplier management. Information is one of the most important resources of goods and services in post-industrial economy. Information-intensive services are based on knowledge and refining of information. Increasing number of information-intensive services emerge both in the consumer and business-to-business market. This paper describes the nature of KAM and information-intensive services, and suggests a framework for KAM practices in information-intensive services.
Socio-Cultural Factors Determining the Choice of a Foreign Language (Russian Language and French Youth)

Child Welfare Program coordinator assistant, interpreterNovgorod Regional Branch of the Russian Non-Governmental Organization Russian Red Cross (Veliky Novgorod, Russia)Master of Research in Sociology (French University College in Saint-Petersburg, University of Poitiers)Veliky Novgorod, Russiae-mail: konstantin.shorokhov@gmail.comThis paper results from a study carried out within the framework of the master’s thesis defended at the University of Poitiers in 2013. The article presents an overview of the socio -cultural factors that deter-mine the choice of Russian as a foreign language in public and private schools in France.
Why Nature has made a choice of one time and three space coordinates

We propose a possible answer to one of the most exciting open questions in physics and cosmology, that is, the question why we seem to experience four-dimensional spacetime with three ordinary and one time dimensions. Making assumptions (such as particles being in first approximation massless) about the equations of motion, we argue for restrictions on the number of space and time dimensions. Accepting our explanation of the spacetime signature and the number of dimensions would be a point supporting (further) the importance of the 'internal space'.
Controlled clinical trial exploring the impact of a brief intervention for prevention of falls in an emergency department.

To establish the effectiveness of a brief intervention to prevent falls in older patients presenting to the ED post-discharge.



The present study is a prospective single-centre, quasi-randomised controlled clinical trial of a brief targeted educational intervention to prevent falls. The intervention group received brief scripted education and were advised of their percentage probability of falling in the next 6 months. The key message was to reinforce the importance of falls prevention strategies and the seriousness of falls.



A total of 412 over 65 years old were recruited; 63 (32.1%) patients in the intervention group and 67 (36.8%) in the control group reported falls in the 6 month follow up period (OR 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53-1.25, P = 0.34). No significant differences were noted for mortalities (P = 0.54), ED representations (P = 0.15) and medication changes (P = 0.17). Patients receiving intervention had less hospital admissions (P = 0.002) after adjustment for confounding variables. Intervention patients who presented with a fall had significant (P = 0.007) improvement in function at 6 months, whereas those not presenting with a fall experienced functional decline.



A brief intervention was associated with maintenance of function in fallers and reduced hospital admissions, without preventing falls post-discharge.
Clifford Space as the Arena for Physics

A new theory is considered according to which extended objects in n-dimensional space are described in terms of multivector coordinates which are interpreted as generalizing the concept of centre of mass coordinates. While the usual centre of mass is a point, by generalizing the latter concept, we associate with every extended object a set of r-loops, r = 0, 1, ..., n − 1, enclosing oriented (r + 1)-dimensional surfaces represented by Clifford numbers called (r + 1)-vectors or multivectors. Superpositions of multivectors are called polyvectors or Clifford aggregates and they are elements of Clifford algebra. The set of all possible polyvectors forms a manifold, called C-space. We assume that the arena in which physics takes place is in fact not Minkowski space, but C-space. This has many far reaching physical implications, some of which are discussed in this paper. The most notable is the finding that although we start from the constrained relativity in C-space we arrive at the unconstrained Stueckelberg relativistic dynamics in Minkowski space which is a subspace of C-space.
American Heroine: The Life and Legend of Jane Addams

Books about Jane Addams-founder of Hull House, social reformer, suffragist, pacifist, and one of the most greatly admired women in American history-come and go, but Allen Davis's account of her life, work, and ideas remains the standard biography. "Davis has written not only the best study of Jane Addams, but perhaps the best biography of any great American woman."-William L. O'Neill. With a new Introduction by the author.
Memory-based immigrants for genetic algorithms in dynamic environments

Investigating and enhancing the performance of genetic algorithms in dynamic environments have attracted a growing interest from the community of genetic algorithms in recent years. This trend reflects the fact that many real world problems are actually dynamic, which poses serious challenge to traditional genetic algorithms. Several approaches have been developed into genetic algorithms for dynamic optimization problems. Among these approches, random immigrants and memory schemes have shown to be beneficial in many dynamic problems. This paper proposes a hybrid memory and random immigrants scheme for genetic algorithms in dynamic environments. In the hybrid scheme, the best solution in memory is retrieved and acts as the base to create random immigrants to replace the worst individuals in the population. In this way, not only can diversity be maintained but it is done more efficiently to adapt the genetic algorithm to the changing environment. The experimental results based on a series of systematically constructed dynamic problems show that the proposed memory-based immigrants scheme efficiently improves the performance of genetic algorithms in dynamic environments.
Political Competition, Policy and Growth: Theory and Evidence from the United States

This paper develops a simple model to analyze how a lack of political competition may lead to policies that hinder economic growth. We test the predictions of the model on panel data for the US states. In these data, we find robust evidence that lack of political competition in a state is associated with anti-growth policies: higher taxes, lower capital spending and a reduced likelihood of using right-to-work laws. We also document a strong link between low political competition and low income growth.
Bringing political parties into the picture: a two-dimensional analytical framework for higher education policy

This article examines conceptually the role of political parties in higher education policy. It discusses in how far political parties matter for changes in higher education policy, whether they offer different policy positions that might result in differing policy outputs and how one can conceptualize these differences. To do so, it develops a two-dimensional analytical framework consisting of one dimension that captures re-distributive conflicts and one dimension that captures conflicts over the control of the higher education system. To exemplify this, the article presents illustrative higher education systems and develops hypotheses about where different parties would ideally position themselves in relation to the framework. The article expands on these ideal positions by introducing different forms of path dependencies that might limit political parties and thus lead to a situation of constrained partisan preferences. Finally, it proposes a research agenda based on the analytical framework and the hypotheses generated from it. Overall, the article argues that political parties can be expected to favour different higher education systems and thus matter for changes in higher education policy.
On conjectures of Graffiti

Publisher Summary Graffiti is a computer program that makes graph-theoretical conjectures. The basic idea of Graffiti is that it “knows” certain graphs and it is capable of evaluating certain formulas formed from graph-theoretical invariants. If none of the graphs with which Graffiti is familiar is a counterexample to a formula then the formula is considered to be a conjecture. The number of conjectures, particularly those that are completely trivial, is the main problem and more than half of the program consists of various heuristics whose purpose is deletion of trivial and otherwise noninteresting but true conjectures. All conclusions that Graffiti draws are based exclusively on graphs it knows, so “follows” means of course “follows as far as the graphs in the library of program are concerned.” CNCL deletes those conjectures of the second and third type in which one of the invariants on the left is always smaller than an invariant on the right. This procedure may undoubtedly remove a number of interesting conjectures but it is the only one that seems to operate completely independently from IRIN.
Does fairness matter in corporate takeovers

In interviews with the two head negotiators for a buying and a selling company in a Swedish takeover, a fair price was found to play an important role. A stated reason was that the companies wanted to do business in the future. To further test the importance of fairness, 88 graduate students of business administration playing the role of buyers were asked to evaluate selling prices in fictitious corporate takeovers. The results showed that both satisfaction with the offered selling prices and willingness to buy were affected by information about a fair price. Furthermore, the possibility of doing business in the future appeared to have some importance for this effect.
Influence of Silver (Ag) Addition on the Morphological and Thermal Characteristics of NiO-SDC Carbonate Composite Anode

Addition of silver (Ag) as an electro-catalyst has been widely investigated to enhance the cathode performance for intermediate-to-low temperature SOFCs. Nevertheless, Ag is seldom incorporated into composite anode materials, especially for low temperature application. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of small amount of Ag on the microstructure and thermal behaviour of NiO-SDC carbonate (NiO-SDCC) composite pellets. NiO-SDCC composite anode powder was prepared through fast milling method. Subsequently, small amount of Ag (1, 3, and 5 wt.%) was added into NiO-SDCC composite powder via ball milling. The pellets were manually pressed and sintered at 600 °C. Characterisation of the composite anodes include X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dilatometry and porosity measurement. NiO-SDCC had maintained good chemical compatibility regardless of Ag loading. FTIR analysis also confirmed the existence of carbonates, suggesting Ag did not influence the carbonate bonding in all NiO-SDCC. Nonetheless, the porosity of all composite anodes was found within the acceptable range for good anodic performance (20-40%). The thermal expansion of the composite samples matched well with the SDCC electrolyte. This indicates the that addition of small Ag loading into NiO-SDCC is within the acceptable range that had demonstrated promising potential as LTSOFC composite anode.
Empathetic Responses and Attitudes about Older Adults: How Experience with the Aging Game Measures up.

This study aimed to assess the impact of pre-professional education on students' knowledge and attitudes about aging, including the option of a simulated learning activity. Using a mixed design, groups of nursing and nutrition students (n = 127) were randomly assigned to experience the Aging Game. Pre- and posttest observations included measures of anxiety, attitude and empathy. In the Aging Game, students played the role of an elderly adult with common physical disabilities during various scenarios and then reflected on the experience. As a result, students became more familiar with what being an older adult felt like, and increased understanding and empathy.
Male veterans with complicated urinary tract infections: Influence of a patient-centered antimicrobial stewardship program.

The influence of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) on outcomes in male veterans treated for complicated urinary tract infection has not been determined.



This was a retrospective cohort study encompassing the study period January 1, 2005-October 31, 2014, which was conducted at a 150-bed Veterans Affairs Healthcare System facility in Buffalo, NY. Male veterans admitted for treatment of complicated urinary tract infection were identified using ICD-9-CM codes. Outcomes before and after implementation of a patient-centered ASP, including duration of antibiotic therapy, length of hospitalization, readmission within 30 days, and Clostridium difficile infection were compared. Interventions resulting from the ASP were categorized.



Of the 1,268 patients screened, 241 met criteria for inclusion in the study (n = 118 and n = 123 in the pre-ASP and ASP group, respectively). Duration of antibiotic therapy was significantly shorter in the ASP group (10.32 days vs 11.96 days; P < .0001), as was length of hospitalization (5.76 days vs 6.76 days; P = .015). There was no difference in 30-day readmission. A total of 170 interventions were identified that resulted from the ASP (1.39 interventions per patient).



ASPs may be useful to improve clinical outcomes in men with complicated urinary tract infection. Implementation of an ASP was associated with significant decreases in duration of antibiotic therapy and length of hospitalization, without adversely affecting 30-day readmission rates.
Per una comprensione non ideologica della laicità

Understanding the Autonomy of Politics and the Autonomy of Religion without Ideology - The aim of this essay is to argue a new thesis about the conception of the rightful autonomy of the political or civil sphere from that of religion and the Church. On the one hand, the relations between politics and religion are decided following the principle of autonomy, understood as a theoretical and practical affirmation of the autonomy of both spheres; autonomy supported by reciprocal collaboration in the service of the person. The secular State is a State of reason, grounded on rights and duties and on relations that do not oppose to religion, recognised as one of the multiple reality that constitute the public sphere. On the other hand, it is important to discern two different propositions of autonomy in the modern context. The first is marked with a hostile openness towards religion and a second, which is attentive to dialogue with it. The reason for this dichotomy has been caused by misunderstanding democratic reality, which are possible to solve with a double discernment: in what sense are all the people the foundation of political sovereignty? And which is the democratic value of ethic pluralism? Popular sovereignty becomes real when there is an effective respect of the inviolable nature of a several goods of the human person, beyond the different interests of the State or of the majority. Pluralism, when it is severed from the ethic of indifference and it is not relegated to private life, is another barrier in the face of the ambition of the State.  laicality, laicism, democracy, sovereignty, pluralism