nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperation between public and private sectors in providing workforces and development of labor efficiency in the motorcycle industry

The main goals of this research were to analyze the situation and problems of public-private cooperation in providing workforces and the development of labor efficiency in the Thai motorcycle manufacturing industry and to provide suggestions for a new model of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in line with workforce demand and national development. Primary and secondary data were collected from in-depth interviews with 26 key informants, and three focus group discussions with 24 selected experts from concerned public and private sector stakeholders. The questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from 400 human resources officers and the management level of production and quality of eight motorcycle manufacturers in Thailand. The results revealed that developments in providing workforce and labor efficiency development were linked to the National Development Plan and operated under the National Education Plan. The private sector has provided education for the workforce since the launching of education reform in 1999. Currently, diverse types of cooperation operate under several committees. Operational problems and continuity reflect the low level of labor efficiency. Quantitative analysis found that job performances of people with vocational education were at the least and moderate levels while those with Bachelor degrees were also at the low and moderate levels. A future, appropriate model regarding cooperation between public and private policy and management as a PPP should be utilized to set up a new model of the agency or institute aimed at creating a roadmap and national plans for developing workforces in the motorcycle manufacturing industry.
Sudoku Science

16 IEEE Spectrum | February 2006 | NA www.spectrum.ieee.org Millions of people around the world are tackling one of the hardest problems in computer science—without even knowing it. The logic game Sudoku is a miniature version of a longstanding mathematical challenge, and it entices both puzzlers, who see it as an enjoyable plaything, and researchers, who see it as a laboratory for algorithm design. Sudoku has become a worldwide puzzle craze within the past year. Previously known primarily in Japan, it now graces newspapers, Web sites, and best-selling books in dozens of countries [see photo, “Number Fad”]. A puzzle consists of a 9-by-9 grid made up of nine 3-by-3 subgrids. Digits appear in some squares, and based on these starting clues, a player completes the grid so that each row, column, and subgrid contains the digits 1 through 9 exactly once. An easy puzzle requires only simple logical techniques—if a subgrid needs an 8, say, and two of the columns running through it already hold an 8, then the subgrid’s 8 must go in the remaining column. A hard puzzle requires more complex pattern recognition skills; for instance, if a player computes all possible digits for each cell in a subgrid and notices that two cells have exactly the same two choices, those two digits can be eliminated from all other cells in the subgrid. No matter the difficulty level, however, a dedicated puzzler can eventually crack a 9-by-9 Sudoku game. A computer solves a 9-by-9 Sudoku within a second by using logical tricks that are similar to the ones humans use, but finishes much faster [see puzzle, “Challenge”]. On a large scale, however, such shortcuts are not powerful enough, and checking the explosive number of combinations becomes impossible, even for the world’s fastest computers. And no one knows of an algorithm that’s guaranteed to find a solution without trying out a huge number of combinations. This places Sudoku in an infamously difficult class, called NP-complete, that includes problems of great practical importance, such as scheduling, network routing, and gene sequencing. “The question of whether there exists an efficient algorithm for solving these problems is now on just about anyone’s list of the Top 10 unsolved problems in science and mathematics in the world,” says Richard Korf, a computer scientist at the University of California at Los Angeles. The challenge is known as P = NP, where, roughly speaking, P stands for tasks that can be solved efficiently, and NP stands for tasks whose solution can be verified efficiently. (For example, it is easy to verify whether a complete Sudoku is correctly filled in, even though the puzzle may take quite a lot of time to solve.) As a member of the NP-complete subset, NUMBER FAD: A reader examines a Sudoko puzzle in The Independent, London, last May.
Competence of Information Technology Professionals in Internet-Based Ventures

This chapter articulates the knowledge and skills required by IT professionals in young Internet-based firms. Building on the general IT governance principle of aligning business and IT, it introduces an adequate competence model, outlines its dimensions, and suggests a framework for modeling the effects of factors internal and external to the firm on the value propositions of the different dimensions. The authors hope that a comprehensive understanding of the role of ITrelated competence will assist founders not only in finding suitable partners, but also in aligning e-business strategy and information technology in Internet-based ventures.  The growing relevance of information technology (IT) and, in particular, the proliferation of the Internet, has resulted in a new economic dimension that is characterized by new possibilities of creating value (Lumpkin & Dess, 2004). The so-called Net Economy inevitably facilitates various possibilities for developing innovative business concepts and realizing them by founding a new company (Kollmann, 2006; Kollmann & Häsel, 2006). In newly found ventures, founder competence represents a significant preceding indicator for success (Baum, Locke & Smith, 2001; Chandler & Jansen, 1992). Internet-based ventures are mostly established by heterogeneous teams of founders incorporating knowledge and
Medieval Germany, 1056-1273

This is a completely revised and updated edition of a major history of an important period in German and European history, starting with the accession of Henry IV to the German throne in 1056, taking in the reign of the energetic and successful Frederick Barbarossa (1152-90), and culminating with the election of Rudolf Habsburg who reimposed order following the fall of the Hohenstaufens. The German empire stretched from Rome to Pomerania, and from Hainaut to Silesia; its history is of major significance for the politics of Europe, for the expansion of Latin Christendom, and for the fortunes of the Papacy. Every aspect of its internal life is covered: economic growth and population increase, education, trade and industry, the church and religious life. Political development and accompanying social changes are examined and placed in their European context. This book provides a valuable and up-to-date guide to the complex and generally unfamiliar history of medieval Germany.
Scalar σ meson effects in ρ and ω decays into π0π0γ

The complementarity between chiral perturbation theory and the linear sigma model in the scalar channel is exploited to study π 0 π 0 production in ρ and ω radiative decays, where the effects of a low mass scalar resonance σ (500) should manifest. The recently reported data on ρ → π 0 π 0 γ seem to require the contribution of a low mass and moderately narrow σ (500). The properties of this controversial state could be fixed by improving the accuracy of these measurements. Data on ω → π 0 π 0 γ can also be accommodated in our framework, but are much less sensitive to the σ (500) properties.
The essential Alfred Chandler: Essays toward a historical theory of big business

In four decades of scholarship, Alfred Chandler has established himself as the acknowledged dean of business historians. Now available in paperback, this collection reveals the evolution of Chandler's theory and the enormous contribution that he has made to the field. Included are sixteen essays, as well as the table of contents and introductions to his three major books on business history: Strategy and Structure, The Visible Hand, and Scale and Scope. McCraw provides a capsule intellectual biography of Chandler, as well an introduction to each essay.
The long and bumpy road to glass-steagall reform: A historical and evolutionary analysis of banking legislation

This paper focuses on understanding the role of interest groups and markets in influencing regulatory change. To that end, it first identifies the interest groups surrounding the creation of legislation that separated commercial and investment banking in the 1930s and then identifies the interest groups involved in the more recent attempts to repeal the separation. Careful attention is also given to developments in the private market that affect the legislative process. This then becomes the case study for understanding how interest groups and market developments are able to influence regulatory policy. This particular case study finds that existing orthodox economic and political science literature gives too much credit to interest groups and not enough credit to private market developments when analyzing policy development and reform.
Declarative Representation of Revision Strategies

In this paper we introduce a nonmonotonic framework for belief revision in which reasoning about the reliability of different pieces of information based on meta-knowledge about the information is possible, and where revision strategies can be described declaratively. The approach is based on a Poole-style system for default reasoning in which entrenchment information is represented in the logical language. A notion of inference based on the least fixed point of a monotone operator is used to make sure that all theories possess a consistent set of conclusions.
Scope and Methods of Political Science.

This course is an introduction to the process of conducting research in political science. My goals in this course are to help you learn to think systematically about the political science topics in which you are interested, develop the skills necessary to put your ideas to the test, and to be able to critically evaluate the research of others. To do this, we will examine the central aspects of the empirical study of politics: hypothesis testing, measurement, inference, causation, research design. We will also learn about several different methods of gathering data using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, including experiments, surveys, content analysis, and case studies.
Neutron spectroscopic factors of 55Ni hole-states from (p,d) transfer reactions

Spectroscopic information has been extracted on the hole-states of 55 Ni, the least known of the quartet of nuclei ( 55 Ni, 57 Ni, 55 Co and 57 Cu), one nucleon away from 56 Ni, the N = Z = 28 double magic nucleus. Using the H 1 ( Ni 56 , d ) Ni 55 transfer reaction in inverse kinematics, neutron spectroscopic factors, spins and parities have been extracted for the f 7 / 2 , p 3 / 2 and the s 1 / 2 hole-states of 55 Ni. These new data provide a benchmark for large basis calculations that include nucleonic orbits in both the sd and pf shells. State of the art calculations have been performed to describe the excitation energies and spectroscopic factors of the s 1 / 2 hole-state below Fermi energy.
SPINOFFS AND THE MARKET FOR IDEAS

We propose a theory of firm dynamics in which workers have ideas for new projects that can be sold in a market to existing firms or, at a cost, implemented in new firms: spin-offs. Workers have private information about the quality of their ideas. Because of an adverse selection problem, workers can sell their ideas to existing firms only at a price that is not contingent on their information. Therefore, workers with very good ideas decide to spin-off and set up a new firm. Since entrepreneurs of existing firms pay a price for the ideas sold in the market that implies zero expected profits for them, firm growth is scale independent. The entry and growth process of firms in this economy leads to an invariant distribution that resembles the one in the US economy.
New Approach to International Competitiveness of Multi‑layer Enterprises. A Reference to Macroeconomic Models for the Assessment of Competitiveness as a Benchmark

The author of this paper has demonstrated that in the period of the ongoing globalization new challenges regarding the creation of competitiveness have appeared. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for a new look at the issues of international competitiveness in the era of globalization and the necessity to focus efforts on creating a competitive system which results from actions at the micro‑, meso‑, macro‑ and meta‑economical levels. The author has presented the concept of systemic competiveness as a new approach to the assessment of international competitiveness of multi‑layer enterprises. The author has tried to express that it is the most important challenge for all kinds of participants on the global market, since, for each of them, the determinants of the surrounding environment are both new and the same. The paper is divided into four substantial parts and also includes an introduction and a summary. The first part of the article includes a reflection on the current challenges in the globalization process and requirements for international competitiveness in the era of corporate globalization – the current level in a developing of globalization process. The second part includes the theoretical concepts of competitiveness in compound organizations according to five concepts of international competitiveness. In the subsequent part, the author refers to a concept of five layers of the capital of organizations, which constitute pillars of the creation of competitiveness in the current economy, especially in multi‑layer enterprises. In the final part of article the author has shown the general assumptions of the concept of systemic coopetitiveness.
A EDUCAÇÃO BURGUESA EM VIAGENS DE GULLIVER: APONTAMENTOS PARA UMA LEITURA NA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA DO TEXTO LITERÁRIO CLÁSSICO Bourgeois education in Gulliver's Travels: notes for a reading in a historical perspective of the classic literary text

The study examines aspects of bourgeois education in Gulliver’s Travels (1726), reflecting the transition movement of feudal society to bourgeois society in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century in England. The corpus chosen for analysis was the sixth chapter: The customs of the inhabitants of Lilliput - its literature - its laws and way of educating children. The source is the first Portuguese edition of Publisher WM Jackson, Jackson Classics Collection. Historical research whose theoretical foundation is supported by authors such as Marx and Engels (1993), Alves (1993), Vygotsky (2006) and Swift (2005). Power would say that it is a satire on the education of English children, but also the defense of some pedagogical ideas of the tottering feudal society, intertwined in the discourse of Gulliver character. The study is a proposal for a universal classic approach to understanding the contradictions of unequal society we live in today.
Some Remarks on Real Numbers Induced by First-Order Spectra

The spectrum of a first-order sentence is the set of natural numbers occurring as the cardinalities of finite models of the sentence. In a recent survey, Durand et al. introduce a new class of real numbers, the spectral reals, induced by spectra and pose two open problems associated to this class. In the present note, we answer these open problems as well as other open problems from an earlier, unpublished version of the survey. Specifically, we prove that (i) every algebraic real is spectral, (ii) every automatic real is spectral, (iii) the subword density of a spectral real is either 0 or 1, and both may occur, and (iv) every right-computable real number between 0 and 1 occurs as the subword entropy of a spectral real. In addition, Durand et al. note that the set of spectral reals is not closed under addition or multiplication. We extend this result by showing that the class of spectral reals is not closed under any computable operation satisfying some mild conditions.
Strategies Toward Political Pressures: A Typology of Firm Responses

Growth management strategies can fail, sometimes from lack of integrating political impacts into a firm's dominating market ideas. This paper outlines a set of responses for a firm confronted with external demands for change. The firm's product and its impact constitute a connected environment around the firm. Promotive thinking, seeing the product and impact environments as interdependent aspects in a political context and viewing impacts as new growth opportunities, can turn political pressures into an expansion of the market.
Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats

's Revolving Gyres: A Metaphorical Language for the Modern Experience of Anarchism, Syndicalism, and Political Aesthetics Social Myth, Material Reality, and the Aesthetico-Ideological Functions of Art The Political Aesthetic of Yeats's Myth in Anarchist and Syndicalist Contexts Social Myth, Literary Narrative, and Political Aesthetics Social Myth and James Joyce's Political Aesthetic Social and Anti-social Aesthetic Drives in Joyce, Yeats, and Sorel W.B. Yeats, Social Myth, and Monoglossia James Joyce, Social Myth, and Heteroglossia Heteroglossic Desubjection and Monoglossic Subjection in Joyce, Yeats, and Sorel: Social Myth, Anarchy, and Syndicalism Modernism, Myth, Violence, and Social Change Modernist Art, Politics, and Social Change: A Sorelian Perspective Modernism, Narrative, and Violence
O2 evolution from the manganese-oxo cubane core Mn4O46+: A molecular mimic of the photosynthetic water oxidation enzyme?

Photosynthesis produces molecular oxygen from water catalyzed by an enzyme whose active site contains a tetramanganese−oxo core of incompletely established structure. The first functional mimic of this core has been synthesized containing a cubical [Mn4O4]n+ core, surrounded by six facially bridging bidentate chelates to the manganese ions ((dpp)6Mn4O4 (1); dpp- = diphenylphosphinate anion). Bond enthalpy data predict that the Mn4O46+ core is thermodynamically capable of releasing molecular O2, but is kinetically prevented from doing so by an activation barrier. UV light absorption into a Mn−O charge-transfer excited state (but not excitation of a Mn ligand-field excited state) efficiently releases an O2 molecule if performed in the gas phase and concomitantly releases a bridging dpp- anion and the cationic species (dpp)5Mn4O2+ (presumed Mn4O2-butterfly core type). All species were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. This reaction proceeds with high quantum efficiency (>50%) and is the only o...
Synthesis, Crystal Structure Analysis and Decomposition of RbAlH4

RbAlH4, a member of the complex metal aluminum hydride family, can be synthesized phase pure by different synthesis routes. Synthesis from the metals by a mechanochemical reaction requires the presence of a catalyst, but also emphasizes the reversibility of hydrogenation. The structure refinement of neutron diffraction data confirms that RbAlD4 is isostructural to KAlD4. The decomposition proceeds via two distinct processes at temperatures above 275 °C. However, the structures formed during decomposition seem to be different from the compounds formed during hydrogen release of early alkali metal aluminum hydrides.
1H,13C-NMR and X-ray absorption studies of copper(I) glutathione complexes.

The tripeptide glutathione (gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly, GSH) is an important intracellular reducing agent for Cu(II) and complexation agent for Cu(I). We have studied the complexation of Cu(I) to GSH in aqueous solution at a range of pH values and Cu(I):GSH molar ratios by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The NMR data are consistent with formation of a complex with approximate 1:1 stoichiometry [Cu(SG)] as the major species with only thiolate sulfur of GSH binding to Cu(I). The rate of exchange of GSH with GS-Cu was determined to 13 s(-1) at 283 K, pH 6.8. X-ray absorption spectroscopic measurements showed that Cu(I) is coordinated to 3.1+/-0.3 sulfur atoms at approximately 0.222 nm in solutions (and solids) containing GSH:Cu in 1:1 and 2:1 mol ratios. The possible structures of polymeric Cu(I)-glutathione complexes are discussed. The high thermodynamic stability of Cu(I)-S bonds in Cu(I)-glutathione complexes coupled with their kinetic lability may provide efficient and specific pathways for the transport of copper in cells.
The World in a Box: The Story of an Eighteenth-Century Picture Encyclopedia@@@Devices of Wonder: From the World in a Box to Images on a Screen

An inquiry into emergent media's rich lineage, Devices of Wonder explores the artful machines humans have used to augment visual perception. The encyclopedic cabinet of curiosities serves as a model for this study of the archaic instruments lurking in state-of-the art technology. Featured in Devices of Wonder are android automata, lunar landscapes, perspective theaters, vues d'optique, microscopes, magnetic games, magic lanterns, camera obscuras, boxes by Joseph Cornell, Lucas Samaras's Mirrored Room, Suzanne Anker's Zoosemiotics, Mark Tilden's UniBug 3.1, panoramic works by Jeff Wall and Giovanni Lusieri, paintings by Jean-Baptiste Chardin and Joseph Wright of Derby, projections by Diana Thater and James Turrell, and a pop-up book by Kara Walker. Barbara Stafford's introduction weaves these fascinating artifacts into a provocative narrative analyzing the complex links between old and new media. Her wide-ranging investigation is complemented by thirty-one short essays in which Frances Terpak tracks the often surprising connections among individual items. Like the cabinet of curiosities, Devices of Wonder functions as an analogical instrument, reframing the beautiful "eye machines" that continue to mediate our encounters with the world. This book is published in conjunction with an exhibition at the Getty Museum from November 13, 2001, through February 6, 2002.
Концептуализация милосердия в идиостиле М. Горького

The article reveals the significance of the concept of mercy in M. Gorky’s creative works who implemented it in two independent aspects: as the Christian understanding of mercy as compassion and as effective assistance to those who are in need of mercy. The conceptualization of mercy in M. Gorky’s artistic system represents the vivid expression of concept word-nominee, caused by the special understanding of the notion.
Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry: FAIRWEATHER FAULT EXHUMATION, SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

The southern Alaskan syntaxis marks the spectacular junction between the >1000-km-long Pacific–North America transform margin and the Chugach–St. Elias belt, where subduction and terrane accretion drive rapid convergent deformation and rock uplift. New low-temperature thermochronometry reveals that intense orogenic deformation is not restricted to one side of the syntaxis but extends nearly 300 km south along the dextral Fairweather fault. Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He ages as young as 0.9 and 2.0 Ma suggest maximum exhumation rates of nearly 2 mm/a in close proximity ( 0.5 mm/a along the entire plate margin. We estimate that long-term rock uplift accommodates ∼3 mm/a of fault-normal convergence in this area. This suggests that the Fairweather fault is slightly transpressive and highly partitioned, analogous to the central San Andreas fault. This convergence only accounts for ∼1/5 of the obliquity between Pacific plate motion and the continental margin, however, implying the deficit is taken up by 1–2 cm/a thrust-sinistral motion along the offshore Transition fault. Additionally, thermochronometry shows a marked increase in bedrock cooling coincident with onset of heavy glaciation, similar to what has been observed in other parts of the Pacific Northwest. The tectonically active Fairweather corridor is distinguished, however, by the magnitude of the acceleration and the depth of exhumation since Pliocene climate change.