nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
First IAS/SEPM Meeting on Environmental Sedimentology, Venice 27-29 October 1997 Environmental Sedimentology in the Coastal Zone: Fluvial Processes, Sea-Level Changes, Coastal Erosion, Sea-Floor Instability, and Pollution

The First IAS/SEPM Meeting on Environmental Sedimentology focused on the coastal zone, which is influenced by fluvial processes, relative sea-level changes, coastal erosion, sea-floor instability, and pollution. In five specialized workshops and in plenary sessions the state-of-the-art in research and implementation was presented, and future needs were discussed. Although each workshop defined specific research needs for its own field, many objectives were revealed to be in common. Furthermore, these objectives concern not only the coastal zone but also environmental sedimentology (and geology) in general. As the human pressure on the natural environment increases and natural hazards become more frequent, environmental sedimentology plays an ever more important role in the evaluation and mitigation of environmental problems and conflicts. Key points of agreement were: Students must be prepared for research and jobs in environmental sedimentology. Their curriculum must include basic science and basic geology, but should also be relevant to actual environmental problems where sedimentological research can find an answer. On the other hand, sedimentology should be taught to engineers, land planners, and other professionals concerned with environmental issues. There is a great need for more detailed data in a narrower framework of space and time. High-resolution monitoring of sedimentological and geochemical processes is necessary in order to quantify and model future developments, and in order to recommend the correct measures to be taken. Interdisciplinary research is important to make the best use of the existing technology and methodology, and in order to develop new research directions. Good research can greatly improve the quality of the natural environment and human life, and, in many cases, also save money on the longer term. Communication with related environmental sciences, planners and managers, members of industry, policy and decision makers, and the general public must be improved. Funding will increasingly be related to remediation projects and environmental impact studies. The remediation of Venice Lagoon is a good example of a multidisciplinary project that involves sedimentologists and sedimentary geologists. Environmental sedimentology offers much expertise, but is not yet well known as an important subdiscipline of geology that deals with human-induced processes and their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Scientists, policy makers, and the general public must be better informed of the extent to which environmental sedimentology is relevant. IAS and SEPM will establish a Committee on Environmental Sedimentology, which will define priorities and strategies concerning the above-mentioned issues. Follow-up meetings on environmental sedimentology will be organized.
Resisting and Challenging Neoliberalism: The Development of Italian Social Centers

In the 1970s, Italy experienced a difficult transition from Fordism to a flexible accumulation regime. The resulting changes in production relations led to the disappearance of traditional public spaces and meeting places such as open squares, workplaces, party offices or the premises of groups involved in the antagonistic, ie anti-capitalist and anti-fascist, movement. Within this context, in the 1980s and 1990s, these groups managed to create new social and political spaces by setting up Self-Managed Social Centers (CSAs), ie squatted properties which became the venue of social, political and cultural events. Over 250 Social Centers have been active in Italy over the past 15 years, especially in urban areas. Their organizational modes are examples of successful direct democracy in non-hierarchical structures and may provide alternative options to the bureaucratic organization of so many aspects of social and political life. Point number one on a Social Center's agenda is a daunting task: it must renovate and refurbish privately or publicly owned empty properties and turn them into public spaces open to the general public. For this task it relies exclusively on collective action, ie cooperative working modes which do not come under the provisions governing regular employment contracts and can thus be used to combat marginalization and exclusion processes which are becoming more and more dramatic in our cities. An analysis of the evolution of this original Italian movement provides the opportunity to address a number of issues associated with alternative practices to neoliberal globalization.
Communication and Monetary Policy

Recent trends toward greater central bank independence and the adoption of formal inflation targeting by several countries have served to emphasise the importance of communication policy. In this paper, we explore some of the economic effects of public information that arise whenever public information serves the dual role of conveying fundamental information as well as serving as a focal point for better coordination. More precise public information is a double-edged tool. While it is very effective in influencing actions through coordination, sometimes it can be too effective, and coordinate actions away from fundamentals.
Manufacture of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-based tapes with a composite sheath

(Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-based single-filament tapes were prepared using a pure Ag protective sheath in contact with the ceramic core and an external sheath consisting of Ni. The influence of the composite sheath geometry on the (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 phase formation kinetics was studied by in-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction in a 8.5% O2 – 91.5% N2 gas mixture and was found to depend strongly on the sheath architecture as a consequence of differences in the oxygen supply between the ceramic core and the outer atmosphere. Owing to the efficient protection of the pure Ag layer against Ni diffusion, the critical temperature of the (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 phase is unaffected. Critical current densities as high as 35 kA/cm2 (77K, self field) were obtained in a single heat treatment when a slow cooling rate was used. The ceramic density was significantly improved in comparison with that of tapes prepared using only pure Ag as sheath material and heat treated once. This effect can be attributed to the higher mechanical strength of the composite sheath at elevated temperatures, which prevents the development of an otherwise significant porosity during the growth of the superconducting crystallites.
The Complexity of Problems on Graphs Represented as OBDDs

To analyze the complexity of decision problems on graphs, one normally assumes that the input size is polynomial in the number of vertices. Galperin and Wigderson [13] and, later, Papadimitriou and Yannakakis [18] investigated the complexity of these problems when the input graph is represented by a polylogarithmically succinct circuit. They showed that, under such a representation, certain trivial problems become intractable and that, in general, there is an exponential blow up in problem complexity. In this paper, we show that, when the input graph is represented by a small ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD), there is an exponential blow up in the complexity of most graph problems. In particular, we show that the GAP and AGAP problems become complete for PSPACE and EXP, respectively, when the graphs are succinctly represented by OBDDs.
Principles of a Unified Theory of Spacetime and Physical Interactions

Principles of a new approach (binary geometrophysics) are presented to construct the unified theory of spacetime and the familiar kinds of physical interactions. Physically, the approach is a modified S-matrix theory involving ideas of the multidimensional geometric models of physical interactions of Kaluza-Klein's type as well as Fokker-Feynman's action-at-a-distance theory. Mathematically, this is a peculiar binary geometry being described in algebraic terms. In the present approach the binary geometry volume is a prototype of three related notions: the S-matrix, the physical action (Lagrangian) of both strong and electroweak interactions, and the multidimensional metric. A transition from microworld geometrophysics to the conventional physical theory in classical spacetime are characterized.
Clinical pathway for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: method development and five years of experience

Randomized controlled trials, evidence-based medicine, clinical guidelines, and total quality management are some of the approaches used to render science-based health care services. The clinical pathway for hospitalized patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is poorly established, although a clinical pathway is an integral part of total quality management.



To evaluate the outcomes of patients hospitalized with AECOPD in Japan, treated with a clinical pathway following published guidelines.



Prospective data were collected for patients with AECOPD admitted to a general hospital over a 5-year period since 2003. The clinical pathway was designed to establish general rules for the entire treatment protocol. The clinical pathway indicates which treatments and interventions should be performed, and when. In this study, health care providers were required to check the clinical pathway sheets to determine the next step of treatment.



This study analyzed 276 hospitalizations in 165 patients. The clinical pathway was interrupted and defined as a dropout in 45 cases (16.3%). Nine patients died during hospitalization (3.3%). Oxygen was administered in 232 hospitalizations (84.1%). Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) treatment was administered in 110 hospitalizations (39.9%). The rate of intubation in those cases where NPPV treatment had been administered was 8.2% (9 cases out of 110). The average length of stay (LOS) was 20.3 days, and the median value was 15 days. The LOS was longer than 30 days in 34 admissions (12.3%), mainly due to complications.



AECOPD can be managed using a clinical pathway. This clinical pathway could fill the gap between guidelines and clinical practice.
The Product of Rational Languages

The very basic operation of the product of rational languages is the source of some of the most fertilizing problems in the Theory of Finite Automata. Indeed, attempts to solve McNaughton's star-free problem, Eggan's star-height problem and Brzozowski's dot-depth problem, all three related to the product, already led to many deep and ever expanding connections between the Theory of Finite Automata and other parts of Mathematics, such as Combinatorics, Algebra, Topology, Logic and even Universal Algebra. We review some of the most significant results of the area, obtained during the last 35 years, and try to show their contribution to our understanding of the product.
Derivative of iota-carrageenan as solid polymer electrolyte

A new type of solid polymer electrolyte based on iota (ɩ)-carrageenan derivative has been investigated. ɩ-Carrageenan was reacted with monochloroacetic acid to produce carboxymethyl ɩ-carrageenan. The produced powders were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm the substitution of targeted functional in ɩ-carrageenan. The polymer electrolytes films were prepared by solution casting technique. Thermal gravimetric analysis result shows that the modified powder and film were stable up to 300 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the chemical modification of ɩ-carrageenan increases the amorphous phase of polymer electrolyte film. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscope observation reveals that the carboxymethyl ɩ-carrageenan film becomes smoother than ɩ-carrageenan film which supports the ionic conductivity enhancement. The ionic conductivity of ɩ-carrageenan film increases from 2.19 × 10−8 to 4.87 × 10−6 S cm−1 after chemical modification of ɩ-carrageenan to carboxymethyl ɩ-carrageenan.
Humboldt and Jefferson: A Transatlantic Friendship of the Enlightenment

Humboldt and Jefferson explores the relationship between two fascinating personalities: the Prussian explorer, scientist, and geographer Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) and the American statesman, architect, and naturalist Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826). Following Humboldt's famous expedition through the Spanish colonies, he visited the United States in the spring of 1804, where he met several times with then-president Jefferson. A warm and fruitful friendship resulted, and the two men corresponded a good deal over the years, speculating together on topics of mutual interest, including natural history, geography, and the formation of an international scientific network. Living in revolutionary societies, both were deeply concerned with the human condition, and each vested hope in the new American nation as a possible answer to many of the deficiencies characterizsing European societies at the time. The intellectual exchange of ideas and information between the two over the next twenty-one years touched on the pivotal events of those times, such as the independence movement in Latin America and the applicability of the democratic model to that region, the relationship between America and Europe, and the latest developments in scientific research and various technological projects. Humboldt and Jefferson explores the world in which these two Enlightenment figures lived and how their lives on opposite sides of the Atlantic defined their respective convictions.
On the QCD coupling behavior in the infrared region

The summary of nonperturbative results for the QCD invariant coupling bar{alpha}_s obtained by lattice simulations for functional integral and by solution of approximate Dyson--Schwinger equations reveals a puzzling variety of IR behavior of bar{alpha}_s(Q^2) even on a qualitative level. This, in turn, rises a question of correspondence between the results obtained so far by different groups. 
We analyze this issue in terms of mass-dependent coupling constant transformations and conclude that the question of the IR behavior of effective QCD coupling and of propagators is not a well--defined one and needs to be more specified.
Towards an Explicitation and a Conceptualization of Cost Models in Database Systems

In the database landscape, the mathematical cost models play a crucial role in evaluating non-functional requirements such as the query execution performance, energy consumption, monetary cost estimation. The development of a such cost model is time consuming and requires the knowledge of the whole environment of database systems. Also, cost models are scattered either in scientific papers, usually with fewer details or inside commercial and academic database management systems. Therefore, cost models become a dark entity, because they cannot be easily exploited by researchers and students for learning, analysis or reproduction purposes. In this paper, first we aim to increase the awareness about the darkness of cost models. Secondly, thanks to meta modeling techniques, we explicit the different dimensions of cost models. Persisting the cost models in a repository via a user-friendly interface is also described and stressed through several usage scenarios.
A Resource Aware Computational Interpretation for Herbelin's Syntax

We investigate a new computational interpretation for an intuitionistic focused sequent calculus which is compatible with a resource aware semantics. For that, we associate to Herbelin's syntax a type system based on non-idempotent intersection types, together with a set of reduction rules ---inspired from the substitution at a distance paradigm--- that preserves and decreases the size of typing derivations. The non-idempotent approach allows us to use very simple combinatorial arguments, only based on this measure decreasingness, to characterize strongly normalizing terms by means of typability. For the sake of completeness, we also study typability and the corresponding strong normalization characterization in the reduction calculus obtained from the former one by projecting the explicit substitutions.
Patterns of treatment utilization before suicide among male veterans with substance use disorders.

We sought to describe the extent and nature of contact with the health care system before suicide among veterans with substance use disorders (SUDs).



We examined all male Veterans Health Administration patients who died by suicide between October 1, 1999, and September 30, 2007, and who had a documented SUD diagnosis during the 2 years before death (n = 3132).



Over half (55.5%; n = 1740) of the male patients were seen during the month before suicide, and 25.4% (n = 796) were seen during the week before suicide. In examining those with a medical visit in the year before suicide (n = 2964), most of the last visits before suicide (56.6%; n = 1679) were in a general medical setting, 32.8% (n = 973) were in a specialty mental health setting, and 10.5% (n = 312) were in SUD treatment.



Men with SUDs who died from suicide were frequently seen in the month before their death. Most were last seen in general medical settings, although a substantial minority of those with SUDs was seen in specialty mental health settings.
In the Name of Equality? The Limits to Sexual Citizenship

In recent years there have been a number of interesting shifts in the political agendas of social movements concerned with the organization of sexuality and gender. Rather than critiquing social institutions and practices that have historically excluded them, as gay and lesbian/feminists did in the 1960s and 1970s, since the 1990s the politics of sexuality has increasingly been about demanding equal rights of citizenship. These citizenship demands have been, at least to a degree, been answered via a raft of recent legislation including the Civil Partnership Act (2004) and the Equality Regulations (Sexual Orientation) 2007, and by associated changes in policy making and practice that emphasise equality and diversity. Feminist and queer critiques of this ‘‘sea change’’ in lesbian and gay politics contest the rise of a ‘‘politics of normalisation’’ that is behind contemporary sexual citizenship agendas. This paper will develop and extend previous theoretical work on sexuality and citizenship by considering these shifts and critiques, focusing on the limits to sexual citizenship in demands for new forms of belonging. The discussion draws on findings from a large ESRC funded study on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender equalities initiatives in local government in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Can You Teach Old Dragons New Tricks? FDI and Innovation Activity in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises

We investigate whether inward FDI, either at the firm or industry level, has any impact on product innovation by Chinese State owned enterprises (SOEs). We use a comprehensive firm level panel data set of Chinese SOEs covering the period 1999 to 2003. Our results show that foreign capital participation is associated with higher innovative activity. Inward FDI in the sector has a negative effect on innovative activity in SOEs. However, there is a positive effect of FDI on SOEs that export, invest in human capital or R&D, or have prior innovation experience. We also find that SOEs with internal R&D activity and human capital development are successful innovators. Hence, our results suggest that rather than relying on sector level inward FDI to improve domestic innovative activity, it is important to get the firm-level fundamentals right.
Adapted coordinates in two dimensions and a proof of Puiseux's theorem

A method for finding Puiseux series goes back to Isaac Newton, which gives the terms of Puiseux series through an infinite recursive process; an additional argument is then used to show that the resulting Puiseux series are convergent. This paper provides an argument based on Newton's method and some ideas from resolution of singularities that gives a quick proof of both the existence and convergence of Puiseux series. It is then shown that similar ideas can be used to give a short proof of the existence of smooth adapted coordinates for oscillatory integrals in two dimensions, a result first proved in the real-analytic case by Varchenko [V] and then recently for the general smooth case by Ikromov-Muller [IM]. The arguments of this paper are entirely elementary.
Peacemaking and Vested Interests: International Economic Transactions

Two neighboring countries which have been at war with each other decide to make peace. Their governments undertake to allow their citizens to engage in trade and other economic transactions. This article considers the impact of different bilateral transactions on the welfare of producers and consumers in the two countries and hence on their attitude toward peace. Distinction is made between the effects of different kinds of transactions, including those involving existing and new trade as well as existing and new productions. Special reference is made to the recent Egyptian-Israeli peace effort.
Cyber security: how visual analytics unlock insight

In the Cyber Security domain, we have been collecting 'big data' for almost two decades. The volume and variety of our data is extremely large, but understanding and capturing the semantics of the data is even more of a challenge. Finding the needle in the proverbial haystack has been attempted from many different angles. In this talk we will have a look at what approaches have been explored, what has worked, and what has not. We will see that there is still a large amount of work to be done and data mining is going to play a central role. We'll try to motivate that in order to successfully find bad guys, we will have to embrace a solution that not only leverages clever data mining, but employs the right mix between human computer interfaces, data mining, and scalable data platforms. Traditionally, cyber security has been having its challenges with data mining. We are different. We will explore how to adopt data mining algorithms to the security domain. Some approaches like predictive analytics are extremely hard, if not impossible. How would you predict the next cyber attack? Others need to be tailored to the security domain to make them work.
 Visualization and visual analytics seem to be extremely promising to solve cyber security issues. Situational awareness, large-scale data exploration, knowledge capture, and forensic investigations are four top use-cases we will discuss. Visualization alone, however, does not solve security problems. We need algorithms that support the visualizations. For example to reduce the amount of data so an analyst can deal with it, in both volume and semantics.
Strong Equivalence of Qualitative Optimization Problems

We introduce the framework of qualitative optimization problems (or, simply, optimization problems) to represent preference theories. The formalism uses separate modules to describe the space of outcomes to be compared (the generator) and the preferences on outcomes (the selector). We consider two types of optimization problems. They differ in the way the generator, which we model by a propositional theory, is interpreted: by the standard propositional logic semantics, and by the equilibrium-model (answer-set) semantics. Under the latter interpretation of generators, optimization problems directly generalize answer-set optimization programs proposed previously. We study strong equivalence of optimization problems, which guarantees their interchangeability within any larger context. We characterize several versions of strong equivalence obtained by restricting the class of optimization problems that can be used as extensions and establish the complexity of associated reasoning tasks. Understanding strong equivalence is essential for modular representation of optimization problems and rewriting techniques to simplify them without changing their inherent properties.