nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A History of Russian Literary Theory and Criticism

This volume assembles the work of leading international scholars in a comprehensive history of Russian literary theory and criticism from 1917 to the post-Soviet age. By examining the dynamics of literary criticism and theory in three arenas--political, intellectual, and institutional--the authors capture the progression and structure of Russian literary criticism and its changing function and discourse. The chapters follow early movements such as formalism, the Bakhtin Circle, Proletklut, futurism, the fellow-travellers, and the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers. By the cultural revolution of 1928, literary criticism became a mechanism of Soviet policies, synchronous with official ideology. The chapters follow theory and criticism into the 1930s with examinations of the Union of Soviet Writers, semantic palaeontology, and socialist realism under Stalin. A more "humanised" literary criticism appeared during the ravaging years of World War II, only to be supplanted by a return to the party line, Soviet heroism, and anti-Semitism in the late Stalinist period. During Khrushchev's Thaw, there was a remarkable rise in liberal literature and criticism, that was later refuted in the nationalist movement of the "long" 1970s. The same decade saw, on the other hand, the rise to prominence of semiotics and structuralism. Postmodernism and a strong revival of academic literary studies have shared the stage since the start of the post-Soviet era. For the first time anywhere, this collection analyses all of the important theorists and major critical movements during a tumultuous ideological period in Russian history, including developments in emigre literary theory and criticism.
Ethnic characteristics of Vojvodina

Development of human populations on the territory of Vojvodina can be observed in all epochs, from distant prehistory to the modern times. Because of various historic and social processes, 22 distinct ethnic communities each with more than 2000 members, live in Vojvodina today. There are also numerous other, smaller ethnic communities, those with less than two thousand members each; the documentation about them is kept in the Statistical Institute (Republicki zavod za statistiku) of Serbia. Today's ethnic heterogeneity in the villages, towns and cities of Vojvodina is the consequence of spontaneous movements of the people, but also of planned systematic bringing of large numbers of colonists into, and out of, this province.
European literature and theology in the twentieth century : ends of time

General Editor's Preface - Introduction - List of the Contributors - Music, Madness and Mephistopheles: Art and Nihilism in Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus G.Pattison - The Appropriation of Dostoevsky in the Early Twentieth Century: Cult, Counter-cult and Incarnation C.Crowder - After Apocalypse: Some Elements in Late Lawrence D.Mackenzie - Wyndham Lewis on Time M.Jarrett-Kerr,Cr - Re-writing The Waste Land M.Edwards - T.S.Eliot: Poetry, Silence and the Vision of God P.Walker - The Very Dead of Winter: Notes Towards an Enquiry into English Poetry after Eliot M.Alexander -  Lowry and Beckett F.Doherty - Samuel Beckett's Negative Way: Intimations of the 'Via Negativa' in His Late Plays M.Buning - Redemption and Narrative: Refiguration of Time in Postmodern Literature I.Makarushka - Apocalyptic Fiction and the End(s) of Realism R.Detweiler - Index
Constructions of intriguing sets of polar spaces from field reduction and derivation

The concepts of a tight set of points and an m-ovoid of a generalised quadrangle were unified recently by Bamberg, Law and Penttila under the title of intriguing sets. This unification was subsequently extended to polar spaces of arbitrary rank. The first part of this paper deals with a method of constructing intriguing sets of one polar space from those of another via field reduction. In the second part of this paper, we generalise an ovoid derivation of Payne and Thas to a derivation of intriguing sets.
Subsidies and regulatory reform in West African cotton: What are the development stakes?

Available evidence strongly suggests that cotton producers in West Africa are relatively unresponsive to changes in world prices. This means they are poorly placed to take advantage of improved market conditions that might result from the reduction or abolition of cotton subsidies in rich countries. • To increase price responsiveness and ensure that the results of multilateral reform match producers’ expectations it is now more urgent than ever to undertake comprehensive regulatory reform of cotton marketing structures. • While most West African countries have already taken important steps in that direction, much work still remains to be done, in particular in Mali. The necessary path of reform is highly complex and country-specific, but we can suggest some overarching goals: Assuring closer alignment between world and domestic (producer) prices; Improving cotton sector productivity by reinforcing market infrastructure at crucial points in the supply chain, and ensuring openness to technological advances including biotechnology; Investing in physical and informational infrastructure so as to bring farmers closer to markets.
Introduction to the Strategic Environmental Assessment System

The Strategic Environmental Assessment System (SEAS) is an integrated set of computer programs and associated data bases used to project and analyze national and regional environmental trends. The two major users of SEAS are the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These agencies use SEAS to project the likely emissions of key pollutants given specific assumptions concerning environmental regulations, future levels of energy supply, and economic activity. This introduction to SEAS discusses how the model has been used in specific applications, the general model structure, the data base, and the available documentation.
Marx on Globalisation

'All fixed, fast-frozen relations, with their train of ancient and venerable prejudices and opinions, are swept away, all new-formed ones become antiquated before they ossify. All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned ...the need of a constantly expanding market for its products chases the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe. It must nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connections everywhere' ...this was the Communist Manifesto's description of the global reach of capitalism. Globalisation, evidently, is not a new phenomenon; but on the eve of the new millennium, the processes that constitute the phenomenon of globalisation are intensifying, and being experienced in new ways. The immense scholarship and analytic powers of Marx mean that his writings on international capitalism and its effects remain of interest in current debates on globalisation. With this in mind, Lawrence and Wishart offer a new selection from the writings of Marx, in the hope that it will enrich current discussions. The selection includes extracts from The Communist Manifesto, Capital volumes 1-3, The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 and The Poverty of Philosophy Dave Renton teaches History at Edge Hill College and is the author of Fascism: Theory and Practice (Pluto, 1999).
[Contribution of Perioperative Oral Health Care and Management for Patients who Underwent General Thoracic Surgery].

Due to the recent advances in radiological diagnostic technology, the role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in thoracic disease has expanded, surgical indication extended to the elderly patients. Cancer patients receiving surgery, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy may encounter complications in conjunction with the oral cavity such as aspiration pneumonia, surgical site infection and various type of infection. Recently, it is recognized that oral health care management is effective to prevent the postoperative infectious complications, especially pneumonia. Therefore, oral management should be scheduled before start of therapy to prevent these complications as supportive therapy of the cancer treatment. In this background, perioperative oral function management is highlighted in the remuneration for dental treatment revision of 2012,and the importance of oral care has been recognized in generally. In this manuscript, we introduce the several opinions and evidence based on the recent previous reports about the perioperative oral health care and management on thoracic surgery.
SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF GRAPHENE NANOSHEETS USING A MICROWAVE–ASSISTED METHOD

In this research, few–layer–graphene (FLG) sheets had been successfully fabricated by using a microwave–assisted method. First, graphite intercalation compounds were prepared from potassium–tetrahydrofuran (K–THF) –expanded graphite by solvothermal process, and then the exfoliation was assisted by microwave radiation and sonication process. The resulted nano–graphene has average thickness about ~ 2 nm with a lateral size of 3–7 μm. Raman analysis showed that the as–synthesized graphene nanosheets contain only a few numbers of structural defects or impurities. X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra revealed that the nano–graphene consisted of several peaks similar to those of graphite, indicating the effectiveness of the solvothermal reduction method in lowering the oxygen level. The electrical conductivity of the as–synthesized nano–graphene was measured to be 170 S/m. In contrast to the Hummer method, the method is simple, inexpensive, and does not generate toxic gas. This simple method could provide the synthesis of high quality nano–graphene on a large scale.
The BEA AquaLogic data services platform (Demo)

We showcase the BEA AquaLogic Data Services Platform (ALDSP), a middleware infrastructure product that enables the declarative development of data services for service-oriented architectures (SOA). ALDSP includes support for modeling networks of interrelated data services, for realizing data services using either graphical or source-based XQuery editors, for testing data services as they are developed, and for identifying and incorporating changes in the structure of the underlying sources of data. Physical data sources supported include relational tables and views, Web services, packaged applications, stored procedures, XML files, delimited files, and custom Java applications. Data service definitions can be layered; as with relational views, such layering is virtual, and is rewritten away at query compilation time. ALDSP supports both read and update data service functions, and the ALDSP XML query runtime includes a number of interesting query operators and distributed query optimizations. In addition, ALDSP supports function caching, fine-grained security, and SQL-based data access as well as providing service-based and XQuery access to SOA data. We plan to demonstrate as much of this as time permits.
A note on Hájek, Paris and Shepherdson's theorem

We prove a set-theoretic version of Hájek, Paris and Shepherdson’s theorem [HPS00] as follows: The set ω of natural numbers must contain a non-standard natural number in any natural Tarskian semantics of CÃ L0(ω), the set theory with comprehension principle within Ã Lukasiewicz’s infinitevalued predicate logic. The key idea of the proof is a generalization of the derivation of Moh Shaw-Kwei’s paradox, which is a Russell-like paradox for many-valued logic.
Parallel Predictive Entropy Search for Batch Global Optimization of Expensive Objective Functions

We develop parallel predictive entropy search (PPES), a novel algorithm for Bayesian optimization of expensive black-box objective functions. At each iteration, PPES aims to select a batch of points which will maximize the information gain about the global maximizer of the objective. Well known strategies exist for suggesting a single evaluation point based on previous observations, while far fewer are known for selecting batches of points to evaluate in parallel. The few batch selection schemes that have been studied all resort to greedy methods to compute an optimal batch. To the best of our knowledge, PPES is the first non-greedy batch Bayesian optimization strategy. We demonstrate the benefit of this approach in optimization performance on both synthetic and real world applications, including problems in machine learning, rocket science and robotics.
Inheritance Law and Investment in Family Firms

Entrepreneurs may be constrained by the law to bequeath a minimal stake to non-controlling heirs. The size of this stake can reduce investment in family firms, by reducing the future income they can pledge to external financiers. Using a purpose-built indicator of the permissiveness of inheritance law and data for 10,245 firms from 32 countries over the 1990-2006 interval, we find that stricter inheritance law is associated with lower investment in family firms, while it leaves investment unaffected in non-family firms. Moreover, as predicted by the model, inheritance law affects investment only in family firms that experience a succession.
Analyzing Actors' Choices

Critical examination of the concept of actor shows, first, that actors' choices are an important part of the explanation of their actions (but those choices are not reducible to the rationality of the actors concerned or to effects of their structural location) and, second, that there are actors whose concerns and objectives are not reducible to those of human individuals (but classes are not among them). These arguments undermine analyses of politics in terms of the actions or interests of classes and the attempts of rational choice theory to analyze politics in terms of a methodological individualism.
X-ray spectral investigation of the electronic structure and chemical bonding in ultradispersed powders and the fine-grained materials obtained from them. I. Titanium nitride

The dependence of the electron energy spectrum of ultradispersed TiN powders on particle size was studied by the method of ultrasoft x-ray spectroscopy. A relative narrowing of the x-ray TiLα and NKα emission bands (which reflect the energy distribution of valence Np- and Tid-states) depended on the specific surface area of the powders and charge states of the Ti and N atoms. It was shown that narrowing of these bands is due to localization of the Np- and Tid-orbitals of surface atoms as a result of breaking Ti−N bonds. Broadening of the NKα and TiLα bands in certain energy ranges was observed after compacting ultradispersed powders. This is a result of Tid and Np orbital splitting caused by the formation of Ti−N bonds between the surface atoms of neighboring particles brought into contact at high pressure and temperature.
A CENTURY IS A SHORT TIME – NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE ANGLO-BOER WAR/EDITED BY A CENTURY IS A SHORT TIME – NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE ANGLO-BOER WAR BY INA SNYMAN, IAN LIEBENBERG, GERT VAN DER WESTHUIZEN, MARIAAN ROOS

The editors claim that this book attempts to further stimulate debate on the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902. Therefore, they included contributions from different disciplines, but with the main emphasis still on historical writing. They strived to continue the tradition to regard all historical debate as temporary and within the expression by the Dutch historian, Pieter Geyl, that history is a debate without end. From that point of view, the publication is timely and has the potential to enhance our comprehension of one of the events that had a profound influence on the history of South Africa. Because of the divergent approaches of the different authors, the different contributions are briefly analysed before a value judgement on the publication as a whole is made.
Shanghai: the place to be

O n 1–4 September 2005 we will hold our 27th Annual International Conference (EMBC 2005) in Shanghai, China’s largest and arguably its most dynamic city. With a total area of 6,341 square meters and a population of more than 15 million, Shanghai is a flourishing urban area that attracts travelers with its charming beauty, commercial vitality, and harmonious mix of the East and West. Reaching Shanghai is convenient due to its welldeveloped international air links and the recent opening of a high speed Maglev train bridging Pudong International Airport with the city. Our first conference on China’s mainland will offer opportunities for researchers, educators, and developers from academia and biomedical industries to share their research and exchange ideas. Aside from the comprehensive technical program, student activities, local tours, and social programs will be available for attendees and their guests. For up to date conference information, please visit http://www.
The Rocks Don't Lie: A Geologist Investigates Noah's Flood

In Tibet, geologist David R. Montgomery heard a local story about a great flood that bore a striking similarity to Noah's Flood. Intrigued, Montgomery began investigating the world's flood stories and-drawing from historic works by theologians, natural philosophers, and scientists-discovered the counterintuitive role Noah's Flood played in the development of both geology and creationism. Steno, the grandfather of geology, even invoked the Flood in laying geology's founding principles based on his observations of northern Italian landscapes. Centuries later, the founders of modern creationism based their irrational view of a global flood on a perceptive critique of geology. With an explorer's eye and a refreshing approach to both faith and science, Montgomery takes readers on a journey across landscapes and cultures. In the process we discover the illusive nature of truth, whether viewed through the lens of science or religion, and how it changed through history and continues changing, even today.
Lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Evidence for an acidic ionization controlling activity.

The active site amino acid residues of lignin peroxidase are homologous to those of other peroxidases; however, in contrast to other peroxidases, no pH dependence is observed for the reaction of ferric lignin peroxidase with H2O2 to form compound I (Andrawis, A., Johnson, K.A., and Tien, M. (1988) ). Chloride binding is used in the present study to investigate this reaction further. Chloride binds to lignin peroxidase at the same site as cyanide and hydrogen peroxide. This is indicated by the following. 1) Chloride competes with cyanide in binding to lignin peroxidase. 2) Chloride is a competitive inhibitor of lignin peroxidase with respect to H2O2. The inhibition constant (Ki) is equal to the dissociation constant (Kd) of chloride at all pH values studied. Chloride binding is pH dependent: chloride binds only to the protonated form of lignin peroxidase. Transient-state kinetic studies demonstrate that chloride inhibits lignin peroxidase compound I formation in a pH-dependent manner with maximum inhibition at low pH. An apparent pKa was calculated at each chloride concentration; the pKa increased as the chloride concentration increased. Extrapolation to zero chloride concentration allowed us to estimate the intrinsic pKa for the ionization in the lignin peroxidase active site. The results reported here provide evidence that an acidic ionizable group (pKa approximately 1) at the active site controls both lignin peroxidase compound I formation and chloride binding. We propose that the mechanism for lignin peroxidase compound I formation is similar to that of other peroxidases in that it requires the deprotonated form of an ionizable group near the active site.
The Bo-Kaap Museum : challenges of community, identity and representation in a changing society

The Bo-Kaap Museum is situated on the slopes of Signal Hill and is located in one of the oldest buildings in the area. The house was built in 1769 and is an example of early Cape Dutch architecture. To provide a brief background, the Bo-Kaap area developed from the 1780s and was an area that housed artisans from Europe and a number of people who were referred to as 'Free Blacks'. 'Free Blacks' was the name used for freed political prisoners (the majority of whom were from the Indonesian Islands), freed convicts and freed slaves. The 'Free Blacks' included many artisans and fishermen. With the emancipation of slaves many of the freed slaves moved into the Bo-Kaap area. So the history of Bo-Kaap is closely linked to the story of slavery at the Cape, the development of Islam, and the implementation of apartheid. Some of the literature on the history of Bo-Kaap suggest that the area was mainly Muslim by the middle of the 19th century and imply that it was the 'traditional home of the Cape Malays'. However, Fabio Todeschini challenges what he calls the 'orthodox historical view' that the Bo-Kaap was predominantly Muslim from around 1850. He points out that the respected historian Achmat Davids, himself a Muslim and Bo-Kaap resident, stated that Bo-Kaap's population had always been mixed and that 'the poor of all races had shared a common home there.' According to Todeschini, in the 1940s less than 40 per cent of Bo-Kaap's population was Muslim.
Advocacy networks, choice and private schooling of the poor in India

This article is about the flows of rhetorics and discourses, particularly those that advocate choice and private schooling, and the role that transnational advocacy networks played in managing and driving these flows. We explore a set of network relations between advocacy groups in the UK and the USA and local 'choice' advocates in India, and some of the emerging impacts of local and transnational advocacy on the politics of education and education policy in India. The network advocates school choice and private schooling as solutions to the problem of achieving universal, high-quality primary education. Individual policy entrepreneurs are active in making these connections and circulating ideas. A complex of funding, exchange, cross-referencing, dissemination and mutual sponsorship links the Indian choice and privatization advocacy network, and connects it to a global network for neoliberalism organizations in other countries.
From Exceptionalism to Imperialism: Culture, Character, and American Foreign Policy

Arthur Schlessinger (1983) suggested that the contradictions and paradoxes of American foreign policy reflected contradictions and paradoxes in the underlying character of the people. We would go further to suggest that the early years of colonial life, much like the early years of a person’s life, had major consequences ever since. The intersection of Puritanism, available land, and eventually the rise of a commercial culture would forge a unique trajectory of what would be called ‘‘American Exceptionalism’’, reflecting an ‘‘American character’’, which itself is subject to three paradoxes or