nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The «Economic» and the «Social»: Autonomy of Spheres and Disciplinary Boundaries

Research agenda of the New Economic Sociology since its emergence in the 1970—1980s can be described as a «negative program», focused mainly on critique of economics. Nowadays many economic sociologists as well as sympathizing economists observe theoretical crisis of the negative program. Drawing on the works by M. Weber and K. Polanyi it is shown that fundamental drawbacks of the particular economic-sociological model of explanation arise from the widespread belief of economic sociologists that economic action is a form of social action. The author argues that the problematic relation between «economic» and «social» shouldn’t serve for drawing aprioristic disciplinary boundaries between economics and economic sociology. Instead the suggestion is put forward to make this relation the subject of economic-sociological study and indicate some fresh and important theoretical tools for such an agenda.
Directions in General Relativity: Jacobi's Action and the Density of States

The authors have introduced recently a ``microcanonical functional integral" which yields directly the density of states as a function of energy. The phase of the functional integral is Jacobi's action, the extrema of which are classical solutions at a given energy. This approach is general but is especially well suited to gravitating systems because for them the total energy can be fixed simply as a boundary condition on the gravitational field. In this paper, however, we ignore gravity and illustrate the use of Jacobi's action by computing the density of states for a nonrelativistic harmonic oscillator.
Wettability of SiC and graphite by Co–Ta alloys: evaluation of the reactivity supported by thermodynamic calculations

Within the context of the design of high-temperature brazing process for C and SiC-based composites, a basic study is presented here about the wetting and interfacial reactivity of Co–Ta alloys in contact with graphite or SiC. Wetting results are presented for the first time showing that Co–Ta alloys wet C or SiC fairly or excellently depending on the relative amount of Ta. The final interfacial microchemistry and microstructures are the result of the interplay between the typical interfacial phenomena of the pure elements. Specifically, depending on the alloy composition, dissolution of the ceramic phase by Co or formation of a continuous interfacial layer of TaC that prevents dissolution prevails. The discussion about the interfacial reactivity between liquid Co–Ta alloys and graphite or SiC, as well as the interpretation of solidification phenomena and the formation of interfacial phases, is supported by making reference to new multi-component phase diagrams calculated by CALPHAD method.
The Relevance of Intellectual Historian Herbert J. Muller and the Greeks in Asia Minor

Today the notion of freedom is frequently misunderstood. Draped in partisanship, its personification is called everything from inappropriate sexual behavior to thief and robbery of the highest political office in the United States. The ideal and idea of freedom has been so distorted and corrupted it appears that, our culture could conceivably face a more critical consequence then the constitutional crisis predicted by political pundits today. Such conditions provide an interesting backdrop for an inquiry into the life of intellectual historian Herbert Joseph Muller. Hence, the scope of this study will seek to highlight the relative aspects of Muller’s life by answering four insightful questions. First, what is intellectual history? Second, who is or who was Herbert J. Muller and what factors might have led him to pursue this brand of history? Third, what was his primary contribution to historical scholarship? Finally, why does Muller’s work remain valuable to the field of history, and why does it appear that modern historians are uninterested in what he has to offer.
Doped aromatic derivatives wide-gap crystalline semiconductor structured layers for electronic application

We present some investigations on the electrical conductivity of two benzene substituted derivatives (m-DNB, benzil) emphasizing the correlation between the molecular structure, purity, structural defects and the particularities of the conduction mechanisms. The influence of inorganic/organic doping on the I – V plots of silicon/wide-gap organic semiconductor/silicon heterostructures has been analysed. The most significant increase in the conductance has been obtained for organic crystalline films of benzil doped with 3 wt.% m-DNB and m-DNB films doped with 1 wt.% oxine or 10 wt.% resorcinol. The influence of the silicon wafer's properties as resistivity, conduction type and surface processing on the carrier transport properties in these structures has been studied. We have remarked an increase in the conductance of the organic films of m-DNB doped with oxine or resorcinol in heterostructures realized with chemically polished, “n” type single crystal silicon wafers, compared to lapped ones. A special type of conduction mechanism given by a Poole–Frenkel dependence was evidenced in resorcinol doped m-DNB in the low voltages range.
Teleology in the Ethics of Buridan

I . TO SET THE STAGE FOR THIS STUDY, let me invoke an impression developed by Vernon Bourke from the careful researches embodied in his History. o f Ethics. It is Bourke 's view that there was a significant shift in emphasis in ethical thought during the fourteenth century, from traditional teleology to modern deontology. Thus, for many ancient thinkers, man is by nature ordered to an ultimate end, and the phi losopher 's task is to formulate the end and show how it may be attained. But for many moderns, man 's moral situation is oriented rather to the law. The philosopher 's task is to spell out that law and justify the obligation to obey it. Bourke finds the thought of Wil l iam of Ockham leading the way toward the modem conception and links this move to Ockham's nominalism and voluntarism. Without a common nature, man can hardly be oriented by nature to any ultimate end; he is thus left, as it were, face-to-face with the omnipotent divine will, obligated to obedience to divine commands which are without natural foundation. Whether or not this is the standard interpretation of Ockham's significance on this topic, it is hardly idiosyncratic. 1 cite Bourke here only because of his laudable effort to assess the significance of fourteenth-century thought in the wider framework of the history of ethics, and because of the straightforwardness of his formulations. I shall not be directly concerned with the accuracy of this interpretation. 1 shall operate rather on what I hope is a relevant tangent, using this view of Ockham as a deontological pioneer only as a point of departure. One presumes, pending possible reassessments of later medieval intellectual alignments, that the major vehicle for Ockham's influence was the via moderna, the nominalist curriculum in many universities, especially in central and eastern Europe. In those universities, ethics was studied through the standard set-text, the Nicomachean Ethics. But Ockham did not write a commentary on the Ethics. His moral doctrine is found in his Commentary on the Sentences and the Quodlibeta Septem, aimed for the most part at graduate theologians. To see the ethics taught in the nominalist curricula, one must look at commentaries on the Ethics by nominalist masters. A few of these have been studied, with some curious results. Albert of Saxony, a leading nominalist at Vienna, drew heavily from Walter Burley for his commentary. Burley was a famous opponent of Ockham on many issues and drew in turn from St. Thomas. ~ The most popular commentary seems to have been by John
A Ti–Zr–Be–Fe–Cu bulk metallic glass with superior glass-forming ability and high specific strength

It has been found that alloying with Cu element could significantly enhance the glass-forming ability (GFA) of TieZreBeeFe alloy. As a result, a series of centimeter-scale (Ti41Zr25Be28Fe6)100� xCux (x ¼ 0 e20 at.%) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been developed. Especially for those with x ¼ 7e13 at.% Cu content, the critical size is larger than 20 mm. Among these Ti-based BMGs, (Ti41Zr25Be28Fe6)91Cu9 (also noted as Ti37.31Zr22.75Be25.48Fe5.46Cu9) glassy alloy exhibits superior GFA with a critical size larger than 32 mm, which is the largest size of Ti-based BMGs ever reported so far. The enhancement of the GFA is suggested to arise from the Cu addition-induced decrease in both the liquidus temperature and the Gibbs energy difference between the undercooled liquid and the crystalline phases of TieZreBeeFe alloy. In addition to its superior GFA, the lightweight (Ti41Zr25Be28Fe6)91Cu9 alloy also exhibits a remarkable high specific strength of 3.7 � 10 5 Nmk g � 1 and an apparent plastic strain of 1.2%.
Simulation Hemi-metrics between Infinite-State Stochastic Games

We investigate simulation hemi-metrics between certain forms of turn-based 21/2-player games played on infinite topological spaces. They have the desirable property of bounding the difference in payoffs obtained by starting from one state or another. All constructions are described as the special case of a unique one, which we call the Hutchinson hemi-metric on various spaces of continuous previsions. We show a directed form of the Kantorovich-Rubinstein theorem, stating that the Hutchinson hemi-metric on spaces of continuous probability valuations coincides with a notion of trans-shipment hemi-metric. We also identify the class of so-called sym-compact spaces as the right class of topological spaces, where the theory works out as nicely as possible.
High-performance La-doped BCZT thin film capacitors on LaNiO3/Pt composite bottom electrodes with ultra-high efficiency and high thermal stability

Dielectric capacitors possessing large energy storage density, high efficiency and high thermal stability simultaneously are very attractive in modern electronic devices to be operated in harsh environment. Here, it is demonstrated that large energy storage density ( W  ∼ 15.5 J/cm 3 ), ultra-high efficiency ( η ∼ 93.7%) and high thermal stability (the variation of both W from 20 °C to 260 °C and η from 20 °C to 140 °C is less than 5%) have been simultaneously achieved in the La-doped (Ba 0.904 Ca 0.096 ) 0.9775+x La 0.015 (Zr 0.136 Ti 0.864 )O 3 (x = 0.0075) lead-free relaxor ferroelectric thin film capacitors deposited on LaNiO 3 /Pt composite bottom electrodes by using a sol-gel method. The good energy storage property of the thin film capacitors at x = 0.0075 is mainly ascribed to the diversity of the structure of the nano-clusters around the three-phases coexisting component point (Ba 0.904 Ca 0.096 )(Zr 0.136 Ti 0.864 )O 3 where cubic, tetragonal and rhombohedral phases coexisted, as well as the ultra-high quality of thin film due to the utilization of the LaNiO 3 /Pt composite bottom electrode, making it a promising candidate for dielectric capacitors working in harsh environments.
Temperature dependent Dielectric studies of Poly(Ethylene Oxide)

Polymers are known to be better materials for dielectric applications. Various polymers with different molecular weights are being studied for dielectric applications. In the present paper, we report the dielectric measurements of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) {PEO} using Impedance spectroscopy studies. The dielectric studies of PEO were carried out on pellets as a function of temperature. It was found that the dielectric constant seems to be negligibly varying with increase in temperature at high frequencies, however, at low frequencies, dielectric constant varies increases with temperature. This may be due to the fact that with the thermal energy provided to the system, more and more dipoles participate and hence the net dielectric constant of the material is also higher at higher temperature. Also at very high frequencies, due to many non-responsive dipoles for fast switching of the applied signal, net dielectric constant of the material also does vary much with temperatures.
TILTING OF A DISK OF SELF-GRAVITATING RINGS

The present work represents an attempt to understand the ‘rules of behavior’ of observed warps in the HI disks of spiral galaxies found by Briggs (1990). In contrast with most earlier theoretical work, the present study investigates different initial value problems of a warped disk in an oblate (or prolate) halo potential, and it represents the disk warp in terms of N independently tilted, self-gravitating, concentric rings. This representation gives new insight into the disk warping. The phenomenon of phase-locking of the lines-of-nodes of nearby rings due to self-gravity is demonstrated. We consider the influence of dynamical friction due to ring motion through the halo matter as well as friction between gaseous rings with different vertical motions due to turbulent viscosity. We first consider the dynamics of one, two, and three tilted rings of different radii in a halo potential. We go on to develop dynamical equations for N−rings which are most simply expressed in terms of the complex tilt anglesΘj = θjexp(−iφj), whereθj is the actual tilt angle andφj the line-of-nodes angle for the j ring (j = 1..N ). Relatively small values of N ( ∼102) are sufficient to describe the warp evolution during the age of a galaxy during which time discrete modes are not important. The equations for Θj are solved numerically for four different types of initial conditions: (1) warp excitation by a passing satellite, (2) excitation by a sinking compact minor satellite, (3) warp evolution due to a tilted halo potential, and (4) warp evolution resulting from an initially tilted disk plane. The nature of the warps is most clearly shown by the polar plots of θj versusφj .
Jean-Paul Sartre on Economics

In this paper fragmented comments and writings of Sartre on economics are interpreted and presented. It is shown that Sartre studied both classical and Marxian economics and offered insightful comments on both. Not surprisingly, Sartre identified more with Marxian economics and criticized classical and neoclassical economics. Sartre could not envision human beings whose decisions and activities were solely determined by economic laws. He rejected the notion of 'economic determinism' and embraced the notion of 'conditional freedom' in the realm of economics.
Implementing a Policy and Protocol on Managing Patients With Hypertensive Urgencies.

The use of short-acting agents, such as clonidine, for hypertensive urgency has been shown to worsen outcomes and, therefore, should be avoided in the office.



The primary objective was to achieve decreased rates of clonidine orders for immediate treatment of asymptomatic hypertension in the office. The secondary objective was to determine if reduced use leads to a decline in poor outcomes.



This was an observational cohort study evaluating a protocol and algorithm developed by clinical pharmacists on the appropriate management of hypertensive urgencies. The protocol included the provision of avoiding short-acting antihypertensives (ie, clonidine). Preintervention and postintervention reports were generated to determine the number of times clonidine was ordered in the office. Electronic health charts were also reviewed for documentation of poor outcomes related to clonidine administration within 1 week of the hypertensive urgency visit date.



In the preintervention cohort, 106 (17.4%) orders of clonidine were captured compared with 73 (10.6%) in the postintervention group (P = 0.001). Of the patients who were administered clonidine, 7 patients in the preintervention group were advised to go to the emergency department (ED) for additional hypertensive management, 2 of whom were subsequently hospitalized; 9 patients were advised to go to the ED in the postintervention group, and no patient was subsequently hospitalized. No adverse effects were documented from in-office clonidine administration in either cohort of patients.



The hypertensive urgency protocol and education reduced the number of clonidine orders and hospital admissions. The increase in ED referrals needs further assessment.
Controversies in the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases: conclusions.

This series of articles on controversies in the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases evolved from an annual conference sponsored by the Division of Infectious Diseases/Epidemiology of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University and supported by Smith Kline &French Laboratories and Fujisawa/SmithKline Corporation. It has been appropriate for the conference to be published in Reviews of Infectious Diseases since the Reviews has sought to look at the "big picture" of infectious diseases for not only the United States but for the entire world. In reviewing the topics and publications, did the series address true controversies in infectious diseases and were practical management solutions suggested? The first session addressed the reimbursement for health care and included articles by Petersdorf, Moleski and Andriole, and Gitch. Petersdorf stressed that the number of clinicians entering the speciality of infectious diseases was excessive and that there would be a glut of infectious disease physicians in the marketplace. He indicated that programs dedicated to infectious diseases should devote their clinical time to care of complex problems and to indigent patients. I, as have several readers, would have to take issue with Dr. Petersdorf since I believe that the bell has not tolled for the infectious diseases ex-
Some lithological characters of Cretaceous sandstones in the Sanchu district, central Japan.

Lawsonite, pumpellyite and jadeitic pyroxenc have been found as forming clastic materials in lower Cretaceous formation of the Sanchu district, near Tokyo. These materials are confined to the lower Cretaceous sandstones and can never been found in middle or upper Cretaceous formations. K-feldspar and biotite are very common as elastic materials in sandstones of lower, middle and upper Cretaceous formation of the Sanchu district. Amounts of K-feldspar as well as of biotite regularly increase from lower to upper stratigraphical sequence. Lawsonite, pumpellyite and jadeitic pyroxene must have been derived from Sanbagawa metamorphic belt widely exposed in northern side of the Sanchu district. However, K-feldspar as well as biotite flakes are believed to have come from granitic rocks and their associated metamorphic rocks in Ryoke metamorphic belt exposed in northern side of the Sanbagawa metamorphic terrain.
Comparative Regional Geography in India and West Africa: Soils, Landforms and Economic Theory in Agricultural Development Strategies

A classic exercise in geography consists of explaining the levels of economic development achieved by different regions with respect to their physical characteristics. In this paper a parallel is drawn between the agricultural systems of southern India and Sudano-Sahelian Africa, where possibilist theory, often dismissive of physical geography, has led authors to consider that Tamil Nadu agriculture should serve as a model of development for Africa. This idea is challenged by new evidence revealing that, in spite of superficial bioclimatic similarities, the greater fertility of Indian red soils may actually account for much of Tamil Nadu's advantage. Agricultural implications are discussed and show that physical determinants play an important part, too often overlooked in planning strategies devised by technocrats, in traditional human land management patterns. These findings are then input to a discussion on the possibilism vs. environmental determinism debate, introducing examples from the Calcutta hinterland and semi-arid Africa, in an attempt to moderate existing cut-and-dried theories on population growth, cultural identity, management of resources and land capability.
Strategic logic and marketing resources: A case analysis approach to emerging market success

The thinking that organizations achieve greater success as a result of superior fit to their environments has become a foundation of international business research, however; there has been scant research regarding the processes used by firms to achieve an advantage-yielding fit between resources and emerging market environments. In a series of 12 exploratory interviews with managers with responsibility for emerging markets marketing relationships, this qualitative exploratory case study seeks to define the key issues and most relevant constructs that engender superior performance in emerging markets. Results identify key drivers that give rise to firm capabilities and competitive advantages in emerging markets.
Context-aware collection, decision, and distribution (C2D2) engine for multi-dimensional adaptation in vehicular networks

Wireless vehicular networks have highly complex and dynamic channel state leading to a challenging environment to maintain connectivity and/or achieve high levels of throughput while also satisfying latency requirements of diverse vehicular applications. Adaptation over a large parameter space such as multiple frequency bands, novel modulation and coding schemes, and routing protocols is important in achieving good performance in this challenging setting. Vehicles now include a plethora of sensors which can be used to establish a clearer notion of the environmental context. However, while it is well understood that wireless performance greatly depends on this contextual information, protocols that leverage this information to improve wireless performance have yet to be fully developed. In this work, we will lay a foundation for developing context-aware intelligence to interface with existing adaptation protocols at multiple layers of the network stack. The core of this system consists of a context-aware collection, decision, and distribution (C2D2) engine. We give a brief overview of the architecture, design, and operation of the C2D2 engine.
Accessibility in Automata on Scattered Linear Orderings

In a preceding paper, automata have been introduced for words indexed by linear orderings. These automata are a generalization of automata on transfinite words introduced by Buchi. In this paper, we show that if only words indexed by scattered linear orderings are considered, the accessibility and the emptiness in these automata can be checked in time nm2 where n and m are the number of states and the number of transitions. This solves the problem for automata on transfinite words.
The Caribbean: Regional Unity in a Context of Diversity

The diverse processes of colonization of the Caribbean territories have produced a cultural, ethnic and political heterogeneity and the development of multiple Caribbean subregional traditions: the English-speaking Caribbean, the Hispanic Caribbean, the Dutch Caribbean and the ‘continental Caribbean’. As a result, most Caribbean Basin countries have not developed political and economic relations beyond those subregional spaces to which they claim to belong. Some political circles in many countries of the region have even rejected the concept of a Caribbean Basin. The English-speaking islands, in particular, subscribed to quite a narrow conception of what should be considered ‘Caribbean’, comprising those countries with an important African heritage, historical experience linked to slavery and plantation, and a heritage of British parliamentary democracy. These countries are described as the ‘Commonwealth Caribbean’ or ‘West Indies’.
Motivic nature of character values of depth-zero representations

It is shown that the values of Harish-Chandra distribution characters on definable compact subsets of the set of topologically unipotent elements of symplectic or special orthogonal p-adic groups can be expressed as the trace of Frobenius action on virtual Chow motives. The result is restricted to a class of depth-zero representations that can be obtained by inflation from Deligne-Lusztig representations. The proof relies on arithmetic motivic integration.