nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Point-of-care screening to identify cognitive impairment in older adults.

To explore associations between results of a rapid screening tool for cognitive impairment and individual patient characteristics in a sample of patients receiving outpatient anticoagulation therapy who were not previously diagnosed with a dementia.



Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study.



Pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic in Spokane, WA, from June 2006 to March 2007.



300 community-dwelling patients aged 60 years or older who had at least 6 months of outpatient anticoagulation therapy services.



Following informed consent, demographic, medical history, medication history, anticoagulation therapy, and cognitive screening data were recorded from participant medical records, and a participant interview was performed using a standardized questionnaire and data collection form.



Cognitive screening status (suggests cognitive impairment versus suggests dementia less likely) was used as an independent variable by which to compare patient demographics, medical history, medication history, and percent of out-of-range International Normalized Ratio (INR) visits.



55 of 300 participants (18.3%) with no previous diagnosis of a cognitive impairment were classified as "suggests cognitive impairment" based on the screening test. Presence or absence of cognitive impairment differed in those needing assistance with taking medications but was not associated with other sample characteristics, including percentage of visits with out-of-range INR value, gender, in-home care needs, age, and number of medical conditions.



Screening at a convenient health care access point may lead to increased identification of community-dwelling elderly patients with unrecognized and undiagnosed cognitive impairment. Pharmacists are particularly well suited to conduct this screening because of the extended and frequent contact they have with patients in settings such as anticoagulation therapy clinics.
The Uses of Social Psychology in Comparative Education

The general question to which we address ourselves in this article is, "What contribution can social psychological theory make to a comparative analysis of educational systems?" In reviewing literature on theory in comparative education it becomes evident that little speculation has occurred concerning the contribution which social psychological theory might make in building a cogent system for analyzing educational processes across societies. In fact, the great bulk of what has been written in comparative education tends to be descriptive rather than theoretical. This absence of well-formulated theory has not gone unheeded. Critics in the field have indicated their awareness of needs
Stream-Based Hierarchical Anchoring

Autonomous systems situated in the real world often need to recognize, track, and reason about various types of physical objects. In order to allow reasoning at a symbolic level, one must create and continuously maintain a correlation between symbols denoting physical objects and sensor data being collected about them, a process called anchoring.In this paper we present a stream-based hierarchical anchoring framework. A classification hierarchy is associated with expressive conditions for hypothesizing the type and identity of an object given streams of temporally tagged sensor data. The anchoring process constructs and maintains a set of object linkage structures representing the best possible hypotheses at any time. Each hypothesis can be incrementally generalized or narrowed down as new sensor data arrives. Symbols can be associated with an object at any level of classification, permitting symbolic reasoning on different levels of abstraction. The approach is integrated in the DyKnow knowledge processing middleware and has been applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle traffic monitoring application.
Selected principles, elements and experiences of privatisation in Germany

In most states with market oriented economic systems privatisation plays an important role in the political discussion, mainly due to the fundamental problem of all economic systems, which is scarcity of available resources. The responsible politicians try to improve the allocation of scarce resources and to increase the financial possibilities for needed development investments by creating an adequate macroeconomic framework and a business-friendly environment. Within the scope of these efforts the production of goods and commercial services by state-owned enterprises only plays a very limited role. The state would be best advised to leave these functions to the, in this regard, more efficient private sector. The public sector should concentrate its respective efforts only on the production of so-called Public Goods and, for political reasons, eventually on some sub-sectors, which are essential for the security of the country. Nearly all market economies and especially states which are in the transitional process from more centrally administered to market oriented economic systems, have room for manoeuvre towards privatisation of state-owned enterprises. Privatisation facilitate the improvement of factor allocation and the reduction of budget constraints, not only by the way of sales revenues but also by creating a broader tax-base, decreasing the need to provide subsidies and, last but not least, mobilising private resources for the aimed development-process. This is also true for the Republic of India as well as for the Federal Republic of Germany. [...] This Report gives an overview of selected principles, elements and experiences of privatisation in Germany, with special reference to the new Federal States in East Germany and under consideration of selected aspects in neighbouring countries. The intention is not to present a complete abstract, but to provide a discussion basis for identifying starting points for a future dialogue about lessons learnt.
Force Fields: Between Intellectual History and Cultural Critique

1. Urban Flights - The Institute of Social Research Between Frankfurt and New York 2. The Debate Over Performative Contradiction - Habermas vs the Post-structuralists 3. The Morals of Genealogy - Or is there a Post-structuralist Ethics? 4. The Reassertion of Sovereignty in a Time of Crisis, Carl Schmitt and Georges Bataille 5. Women in Dark Times, Hannah Arendt and Agnes Heller 6. "The Aesthetic Ideology" as Ideology - Or What Does It Mean to Aestheticize Politics? 7. The Apocalyptic Imagination and the Inability to Mourn 8. The Rise of Hermeneutics and the Crisis of Ocularcentrism 9. Scopic Regimes of Modernity 10. Ideology and Ocularcentrism - Is There Anything Behind the Mirror's Tain? 11. Modernism and the Retreat From Form 12. The Textual Approach to Intellectual History 13. Name-Dropping or Dropping Names? Modes of Legitimation in the Humanities.
Price Discovery and Risk Management in an Industrialized Pork Sector

The process of industrialization in the swine industry has been written about extensively in recent years by Grimes, Barkema and Cook, Hurt, Rhodes, Boehlje and Schrader and others. The purpose of this paper is to concentrate on the pricing issues that have arisen during this process of industrialization. These issues include the diminishing role of open competitive markets and the increasing role of carcass value pricing, contracting, vertical integration and coordination, and marketing supply contracts.
ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY'S TIME CHARACTERISTICS IN THE STUDY OF THE MAN-LAND RELATIONSHIP

The man-land relationship is the core of historical geography study.In this paper systematic methodology as guidelines,characteristic of development course of the man-land relationship have analyzed theoretically from three aspects of macroscopic,mid-scopes and microscopic,it is been thought that time course is a unified course of integrality and phase,continuity and difference in discussing course of the man-land relationship.Therefore,historical geography is one of subject of discovering dynamic course and its rule of the man-land relationship.
Petrologic evolution of the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado: Pb and Sr isotope evidence

Two distinct suites of igneous rocks occur within the San Juan volcanic field: an Oligocene suite of predominantly intermediate-composition lavas and breccias, with associated silicic differentiates erupted mainly as ash-flow tuffs, and Neocene-Pliocene bimodal suite of silicic rhyolites and mafic alkalic lavas. The Oligocene volcanism, probably related to subduction along the western margin of the American plate, has chemical and isotopic characteristics indicative of complex interactions with Precambrian cratonic lithosphere. It also appears to record the rise, differentiation, and crystallization of a large composite batholith beneath the San Juan field. The earliest intermediate-composition lavas and breccias have major- and minor-element compositional patterns indicative of high-pressure fractionation and are relatively nonradiogenic in both Pb and Sr, suggesting significant interaction with lower crust of the American plate. The more silicic ash-flow tuffs show compositional evidence of low-pressure fractional crystallization and are more radiogenic in Pb and Sr — features thought to indicate significant shallow residency for the magmas and interaction with upper crust. Especially radiogenic Pb-isotope compositions of some of these rocks may reflect interactions between the magmas and convecting meteoric water rich in leached Pb, a process thought to have been even more important in forming associated hydrothermal ore deposits. Ore leads tend to be more radiogenic than associated rock leads. Many of the Miocene-Pliocene basaltic lavas seem to be mantle-derived lavas, similar to those of oceanic islands, but some anomalous xenocrystic basaltic andesites, containing relatively nonradiogenic lead, may have been slightly contaminated by lower crustal components. Rhyolitic lavas and intrusions of the bimodal suite are also nonradiogenic in Pb and Sr, in comparison with the Oligocene rhyolites, and do not appear to have interacted with Precambrian upper crust, probably because they erupted largely through the subvolcanic batholith. The Miocene-Pliocene rhyolites are best interpreted as partial melts of lower crust, with the thermal energy to initiate magma generation provided by concurrent basaltic volcanism.
Psychological Disorders and Psychosocial Resources of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Bladder and Kidney Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study

Psychological disorders have been proven to be associated with poor physiological, psychological and immune outcomes in cancer patients. However, despite of many challenges of the changed self-image/body image and the altered sexual/urinary function, relatively little is known about psychological disorders of patients with newly diagnosed bladder and kidney cancer. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the associated psychosocial factors among bladder/kidney cancer patients.



A cross-sectional study was conducted of consecutive inpatients with bladder/kidney cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University in Liaoning Province, northeast China. A total of 489 early-stage cancer patients eligible for this study completed questionnaires on demographic and clinical variables, depression, anxiety, PTSD, perceived social support and positive psychological variables (hope, optimism and resilience) anonymously during October 2013 and August 2014. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between psychosocial resources and psychological disorders, while controlling for possible covariates.



The prevalence of depression, anxiety and PTSD was 77.5%, 69.3% and 25.2%, respectively, while 24.9% of patients had psychological co-morbidity. Psychosocial resources together explained more than one-third of the variance on psychological disorders. Under standardized estimate (β) sequence, patient's perception of social support from family was significantly associated with depression, anxiety and PTSD (p < 0.01). Optimism and resilience showed integrated and independent effects on psychological disorders, and hope represented the significant association with PTSD only (p < 0.01).



The high prevalence of psychological disorders in newly diagnosed patients with early-stage bladder/kidney cancer should receive more attention in Chinese medical settings. Additionally, in consideration of the different protective effects of psychosocial resources, the present study demonstrated that one complete psychological intervention integrating the associated psychosocial factors are necessary to ameliorate psychological disorders so as to provide patients with a more holistic cancer care.
Heterogeneous computing operating system decoupling

This paper describes a heterogeneous processing system, which provides heterogeneous processing system software management program across large and small cores from the main control thread scheduling the operating system, the operating system without knowledge or participation, in order to improve energy efficiency or to satisfy other process target . The system presents a limited set of virtualized computing cores to the operating system, which will schedule the thread of these virtual computing core for execution. Subsequently, the hypervisor intelligently control for which one or more threads per physical core to execute distribution and options to manage energy use or other processing requirements. By using a software program to manage large and small abstract computer architecture underlying operating performance and power differences between the cores remains transparent to the operating system. Release hardware that inherent indirectness will also have a new ability of decoupling the operating system release schedule.
PRTDS - A Pascal Run-Time Diagnostics System

A run-time diagnostics system has been described that allows the user to interrogate a program fully in source language terms. In particular, dynamically created data structures are catered for. The diagnostics system allows all objects including those created dynamically to be interrogated and can display a graphical representation of linked data structures. This paper describes the implementation of such a system with the language Pascal on a GEC 4080.
Об "украинофильстве" Георгия вернадского, или вариация на тему национальных и государственных лояльностей

The article by Ernest Gyidel is conceived as the introduction to the commentated publication of the archival documents by George Vernadsky pertaining to his Ukrainian identity vis-a-vis Russian culture and the tradition of Russian imperial statehood.
 Gyidel revisits the discussion between R. Vulpius, D. Stalunas, and M. Dolbilov ( Ab Imperio 1/2006) about the historical meaning of the term “rusofile,” and suggests possible genealogies of such terms as “rusofile,” “ukrainofile,” “maloross,” and “Ukrainian.” It is against this background that Gyidel introduces the concept of “Ukrainians of the Russian culture” as a very late imperial phenomenon, and presents George Vernadsky as representative of this category. A complicated dialectic of recognition of Ukrainian people-hood and Ukrainian language – yet under the Russian political and (high) cultural umbrella is explicated by Gyidel with the help of a few previously unpublished texts from Vernadsky’s collection in Columbia University’s (New York) Bakhmeteff Archive. There are two articles (“A Short Exposition of the Eurasian Point of View on Russian History” and “Prince Trubetskoi and the Ukrainian Question”), one lecture (“The Kievan and Kozak Period in Ukrainian History”) and two letters (to L. Myshuga and P. Ignat’ev). As a way to provide context for their discussion, Gyidel examines Vernadsky’s published works where different aspects of Ukrainian history are analyzed, including his contacts with Ukrainian emigration. He suggests that if approached within such a context, Vernadsky’s collection can be an invaluable source to study his complex political and cultural loyalties. The main question that he addresses is not Vernadsky’s understanding of “Ukrainianness.” Instead the question is: what meaning he and his fellow “Russian Ukrainians” invested in the category “Russian”? What kind of loyalty – cultural, political, imperial or their combination – did they attach to this subjective “Russianness”?
Health Care and Pharmacy Practice in South Africa.

South Africa is a large (about 1.2 million km2), upper middle income country located at the southern tip of the African continent. The 2014 midyear estimate of the total population was just over 54 million, of whom 80.2% self-identified as Black Africans.1 South Africa underwent a fundamental political transition to democracy in 1994, with the demise of the racially segregated apartheid system. In the years since then, there has been an ongoing process of reform in all areas, including in relation to the organization and delivery of health care. The organization, financing, and delivery of pharmaceutical services have also been subject to significant changes in this period. This paper describes the background and current position of pharmacy in South Africa, with particular reference to reforms that are still underway and those that are anticipated. In many ways, and in particular with regard to the delivery of hospital pharmacy services, pharmacy reform can still be regarded as a work in progress. The paper is arranged according to the “building blocks” outlined in the World Health Organization’s Health Systems
Ensemble Reversible Data Hiding

The conventional reversible data hiding (RDH) algorithms often consider the host as a whole to embed a secret payload. In order to achieve satisfactory rate-distortion performance, the secret bits are embedded into the noise-like component of the host such as prediction errors. From the rate-distortion optimization view, it may be not optimal since the data embedding units use the identical parameters. This motivates us to present a segmented data embedding strategy for efficient RDH in this paper, in which the raw host could be partitioned into multiple subhosts such that each one can freely optimize and use the data embedding parameters. Moreover, it enables us to apply different RDH algorithms within different subhosts, which is defined as ensemble. Notice that, the ensemble defined here is different from that in machine learning. Accordingly, the conventional operation corresponds to a special case of the proposed work. Since it is a general strategy, we combine some state-of-the-art algorithms to construct a new system using the proposed embedding strategy to evaluate the rate-distortion performance. Experimental results have shown that, the ensemble RDH system could outperform the original versions in most cases, which has shown the superiority and applicability.
Faust on Film: A Hegelian Modern Art

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between German Expressionist film and Hegel’s system of aesthetics. Through an analysis of the aesthetic qualities of Hanns Ewers’ The Student of Prague (1913) and F.W. Murnau’s Faust, I believe we have evidence to believe that the subjectivity that German Expressionist film sought to capture is aligned with the ‘interiority’ that Hegel believes Romantic art expresses. Further, I will consider whether these two films indicate that film as an artistic medium falls within Hegel’s characterization of Modern art. I believe that because both Student of Prague and Faust use elements of Romantic art in an effort to convey the melancholy spirit, and that the melancholy spirit is reflection and product of a uniquely modern Germany, these films indicate that film as a medium fulfill the requirements Hegel sets for Modern art.  Hegel, Modern Art, Film, German Expressionism, Student of Prague (1913), Faust (1926), Melancholy FOUST ON FILM: A HEGELIAN MODERN ART
Checking Cleanness in Linked Lists

A new algorithm is presented that automatically uncovers memory errors such as NULL pointers dereference and memory leaks in C programs. The algorithm is conservative, i.e., it can never miss an error but may report “false alarms”. When applied to several intricate C programs manipulating singly linked lists, the new algorithm yields more accurate results, does not report any false alarm and usually runs even faster and consumes less space than a less precise algorithm.
The Tianchi forming cone eruptive magmatic evolutionary series of the Chanbaishan and stratigraphic division

On the basis of the lithological features of the Tianchi volcanic rocks, chemical compositions and mode of occurrence, the volcanic forming cone eruption can be divided into four stages, and each eruptive characteristic and evolutionary regularity are described at the same time. The magmatic evolutionary can be devided into two cycles, the characteristic and lithological feature of each cycle were described, last, we mad a stratigraphic division and stratigraphic correlation with the adjacent strata.
Solvent effect on concertedness of the transition state in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate.

[reaction: see text]. The reaction pathway for the alkaline hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate is investigated using density functional theory. It is shown that solvent plays an indispensable role in shaping the concerted transition state. The concertedness of this transition state is supported by good agreement with the measured kinetic isotope effects.
Enhanced reactivity of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to birnessite in soil: reaction kinetics and nonextractable residue formation.

Phenanthrene and pyrene were not transformed by birnessite (delta-MnO2) in the presence of phenol. The phenoxy radicals generated from phenol by birnessite did not act as a mediator for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical reaction under the studied conditions. In contrast, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene were remarkably sensitive to birnessite. The disappearance patterns of the test compounds both in the aqueous phase and soil followed first-order kinetics, with a linear relationship found between the rate constants and the surface area of birnessite. Moreover, the data indicated that the reaction was faster in the presence of soil than in the aqueous phase probably because of the presence of hydroxyl groups in soil organic matter. Sequential solvent extraction was not successful in the recovery of 9-hydroxyphenanthrene from the birnessite-treated soil samples, and capillary electrophoresis data suggest the formation of nonextractable residues of the compound in soil. In addition, the acute toxicity determined by Microtox declined approximately 8.3 times in the soil samples treated with birnessite compared to untreated samples, demonstrating that the toxic compound was no longer present as its parent form.