nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
THE CULTURAL PARADOX OF MODERN JAPAN: JAPAN AND ITS THREE OTHERS

This paper will examine the cultural paradox of modern Japan, focusing on the views of civilization and Otherness during the period of the Great Japanese Empire (1868-1945). I will look at modern Japanese views of civilization and how these views reflected modern Japan’s perceptions of its major Others: the West, China and the South Seas. 2 The reason I write in terms of the “paradox” of modern Japan is because the Japan of this period, as the only non-Western, non-Caucasian country to have “succeeded” in modernizing and moving down the path of imperialism, experienced problems that many other countries did not. 3 What does the Great Japanese Empire share with other (Western) empires in terms of historical experience? What were the differences? As was the case in other empires, the people of the Great Japanese Empire were prejudiced against the peoples of their colonies ‐ although different empires had different forms of prejudice and, even within a single empire, the prejudices different peoples faced could differ. Following Edward Said, this prejudiced view is sometimes labelled “Japanese Orientalism”. 4 As depicted
Of Dreams Deferred, Dead or Alive: African Perspectives on African-American Writers

Acknowledgments Introduction by Femi Ojo-Ade Africa and America: A Question of Continuities, Cleavage, and Dreams Deferred by Femi Ojo-Ade W.E.B. Du Bois: The Man and His Vision of Africa for Africans by F. Ugboaja Ohaegbulam Langston Hughes and Africa by Eddie Omotayo Asgill Richard Wright: A Dubious Legacy by Chimalum Nwankwo Claude McKay: The Tragic Solitude of an Exiled Son of Africa by Femi Ojo-Abe Another African Artist's Wayward Thoughts on Eugene Redmond's Poetry by Tess Onwueme Branches of the Same Tree: African and African-American Poetry by Tanure Ojaide Notions and Nuances: Africa in the Works of James Baldwin by Ezenwa Ohaeto Reviewing Gloria Naylor: Toward a Neo-African Critique by Vincent Odamtten Creative African Memory: Some Oral Sources of Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon by Ousseynou Traore The Circle of Meaning: Paule Marshall, Modernism and the Masks of History by Simon Gikandi Homesick and Eurocentric? Alice Walker's Africa by MWikali Kieti "I is": Toni Morrison, the Past and Africa by Chimalum Nwankwo Afterword: What's in a Name? by Femi Ojo-Ade
New directions in social stratification and income distribution: Introduction

The contributors to this special issue address important problems in the area of social stratification and income distribution. More specifically, Van der Sar and Van Praag offer a solution to the problem of measuring the relative importance of a social position by referring to the individual utility function. Hermkens and Boerman test hypotheses derived from functionalist and marxist theory concerning the degree of value consensus associated with the differential allotment of income and prestige to social positions. Shepelak points to the effects of a prevailing system of norms and values — beliefs about meritocracy, fair shares and opportunity — on the equalization of incomes. Arts and Van Wijck study social constraints to income equalization and focus on the inadequacy of decision-making processes and imperfect implementation of decisions. In the final contribution to this issue, Jasso examines the behavioral and social consequences of the simultaneous operation of two distinct considerations on courses of action: the individual's own well-being and the societal common good.
Three-dimensional velocity structure of Siletzia and other accreted terranes in the Cascadia forearc of Washington

Eocene mafic crust with high seismic velocities underlies much of the Oregon and Washington forearc and acts as a backstop for accretion of marine sedimentary rocks from the obliquely subducting Juan de Fuca slab. Arc-parallel migration of relatively strong blocks of this terrane, known as Siletzia, focuses upper crustal deformation along block boundaries, which are potential sources of earthquakes. In a three-dimensional velocity model of coastal Washington, we have combined surface geology, well data, and travel times from earthquakes and controlled source seismic experiments to resolve the major boundaries of the Siletz terrane with the adjacent accreted sedimentary prism and volcanic arc. In southern Washington and northern Oregon the Siletz terrane appears to be a thick block (∼20 km) that extends west of the coastline and makes a high-angle contact with the offshore accreted sedimentary prism. On its east flank the high-velocity Siletz terrane boundary coincides with an en echelon zone of seismicity in the arc. In northern Washington the western edge of Siletzia makes a lower-angled, fault-bound contact with the accretionary prism. In addition, alternating, east-west trending uplifts and downwarps of the Siletz terrane centered on the antiformal Olympic Mountains may reflect focusing of north-south compression in the northern part of the Siletz terrane. This compressional strain may result from northward transport and clockwise rotation of the Siletz terrane into the relatively fixed Canadian Coast Mountains restraining bend along the coast.
Viability selection at three early life stages of the tropical tree, Platypodium elegans (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae).

Given the enormous number and high mortality of fertilized ovules in plants, it is possible that selection during the earliest stages of the life cycle plays an important role in shaping the genetic composition of plant populations. Previous research involving selection component analyses found strong evidence for viability selection in annual plant species. Yet despite this evidence, few attempts have been made to identify the magnitude and timing of viability selection as well as the mechanisms responsible for mortality among genotypes. Platypodium elegans, a Neotropical tree with high rates of early fruit mortality, represents an opportunity to study viability selection at a level of discernment not previously possible. Microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic composition of aborted embryos, as well as mature seeds and seedlings of the same cohort. While selection resulted in an overall decrease in self-fertilized progeny across each life stage, the greatest change in the genetic composition of progeny occurred between mature seeds and established seedlings. This suggested that inbreeding depression, and not late-acting self-incompatibility, was responsible for early selection. An investigation of the mature seed stage revealed that self-fertilized seeds weigh significantly less than outcrossed seeds. The result of this early selection conceals the mixed-mating system and high levels of inbreeding depression in Platypodium elegans, resulting in an apparently outcrossed adult population that does not differ significantly from Hardy-Weinberg expectations.
A gas- and condensed-phase density functional study of donor-acceptor complexes of sulfur trioxide.

A series of donor-acceptor complexes containing sulfur trioxide have been studied in the gas and condensed phases using density functional theory. The condensed phase is represented using the polarizable continuum model. The systems investigated include complexes of nitrogen-containing donor molecules, (CH(3))(n)H(3-n)N (n = 0-3), with SO(3) and complexes of oxygen-containing donor molecules, (CH(3))(m)H(2-m)O (m = 0-2), with SO(3). Significant differences are observed between the gas- and condensed-phase properties of the complexes as a result of the ability of the condensed-phase medium to support higher charge separation between the donor and acceptor. The gas/condensed-phase behavior of two nitrogen-containing complexes, (CH(3))H(2)N-SO(3) and (CH(3))(2)HN-SO(3), has been investigated for the first time. These complexes exhibit properties intermediate to the previously observed H(3)N-SO(3) and (CH(3))(3)N-SO(3) complexes. Systematic trends in the gas- and condensed-phase structure and properties have been observed as methyl groups are added to the donor molecule. In addition, two oxygen-containing complexes, CH(3)OH-SO(3) and (CH(3))(2)O-SO(3), have been characterized for the first time. The differences between the gas- and condensed-phase properties of the oxygen-containing complexes are, in many cases, larger than those of the nitrogen-containing complexes, and therefore they represent an intriguing new class of complexes for potential experimental observation. Finally, a strong correlation between the charge transfer and binding energy has been obtained for both the nitrogen- and oxygen-containing complexes of sulfur trioxide.
Geographical Origin as a Cohesive Factor of Residential Areas in Barcelona

In-migration to Barcelona in the twentieth century was not only a population influx from rural Spain, but an incoming of people imbedded with a distinct cultural and linguistic background from that of the local Catalan-speaking people. This article analyzes the impact of in-migration on the configuration of residential areas in Barcelona from 1970 to 1991; that is, twenty years from the decline of the migratory inflow until the arrival of a period of intensive urban renewal. Among the various steps of the analysis, geographical origin as a cohesive factor of the residing population is contrasted with two other factors : professional status and lifecycle.A multivariate analysis applied to the population of census tracts draws quite a clear picture of four clusters defined by geographical origin, but none of them is composed of exclusive urban spaces occupied only by people of a specific origin. Furthermore, the distribution of the four groups shows considerable overlaps with that of professional clusters and that of lifecycle clusters, so segregation by geographical origin is, to a certain degree, due to different socioeconomic compositions found among the four groups. This interpretation is supported also by another analysis based on the index of dissimilarity, by which the effects of various socioeconomic variables on residential patterns are statistically evaluated.After clustering the dwellings of Barcelona by a similar method to that applied to the population, a cross-tabulating analysis reveals that the living conditions of the dwellers show a remarkable disparity by groups of different geographical origin-a disparity related not only to the qualitative aspects of the dwellings themselves, but to the situation and the accessibility of the neighborhood in which they are inserted. However, differences in socioeconomic composition mentioned above are also behind the unfavorable conditions of the newcomers, which in turn have been experiencing major changes through improvements in housing equipment and also in the surrounding infrastructure.
Anarchy, groups, and conflict: an experiment on the emergence of protective associations

In this article, we investigate the implications of the philosophical considerations presented in Nozick’s Anarchy, State, and Utopia, by examining group formation in a laboratory setting where subjects engage in both cooperative and conflictual interactions. We endow participants with a commodity used to generate earnings, plunder others, or protect against plunder. In our primary treatment, we allow participants to form groups to pool their resources. We conduct a baseline comparison treatment that does not allow group formation. We find that allowing subjects to organize themselves into groups does not lead to more cooperation and may in fact exacerbate tendencies towards conflict.
Analysis of referrals after a synergic work between primary care and urology. Impact of joint protocol implementation and a continuing education program in our healthcare area

To analyse the evolution and adequacy of referrals from primary care to urology, after the implementation of referral protocols on the most frequent urological diseases and the establishment of a continuing education program.  A primary care-urology work group was created in 2011. Initially, performance and clinical practice protocols in prostatic pathology (BPH and PSA) were established. These were supported by training sessions for primary care physicians. After analysing the effect of the mentioned joint work, 3 more protocols (scrotal pathology, urinary tract infections and urinary incontinence) were included. We analysed and compared the referrals and their adequacy before and after the establishment of the protocols.  The most common referral causes were symptoms of the lower urinary tract due to BPH, which initially represented 22.8% of the total, and decreased to 16.9%. After the introduction of the new algorithms, we observed a decrease in referrals for scrotal pathology (13–14% to 7.8%), an increase in urinary incontinence referrals (3–10.3%) and those related to urinary tract infections remained stable. The adequacy to the protocols improved progressively: LUTS from 46% to 65.3%; PSA from 55% to 84.4% and urinary incontinence from 66.2% to 73.1%. Adequacy in scrotal pathology decreased (67.1% to 63.3%), while in UTI it stayed much the same (around 76%).  The joint work between Urology and Primary Care achieves an improvement in referrals adequacy regarding the most frequent urological pathologies.
Investigation of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(I) complexation by glutathione and its component amino acids by ESI-MS and size exclusion chromatography coupled to ICP-MS and ESI-MS.

The elucidation of structures of glutathione (GSH) complexes play an important role in the fundamental understanding of biochemical pathways of metal ion deactivation in plants. This article attempts to feature key studies for stoichiometry of metal complexes with glutathione and its constituent amino acids to obtain a better understanding of the different metal affinities of the complexation sites of glutathione. The SEC-ICP-MS experiments have indicated that oxidation process of glutathione was accelerated by metal ion presence in following order Cu(+), Pb(2+) and Cd(2+). The redox activity of metal ions was confirmed by ESI-MS experiments, which allowed to observe formation of glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in time. The stoichiometry of Cd(2+), Cu(+) and Pb(2+) complexes with GSH was defined by observing the isotope pattern of investigated metals and hydrogen loss or transfer during binding. The complexes with metal bound to sulphur of 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometry were found in case of cadmium and lead. The number of hydrogen atoms lost during metal binding and the SEC-ESI-MS results allowed to elucidate that copper is bound by GSSG in ratio 1:1 and 1:2. Additionally, size exclusion chromatography coupled to electrospray MS allowed to differentiate more stable complexes from weak ones that could be created in the gas phase.
ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКОВЫЕ ДАТЧИКИ ДИОКСИДА АЗОТА НА ОСНОВЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ In2O3–Ga2O3–WO3

The properties of oxide gas sensitive compositions In2O3–Ga2O3–WO3 prepared by sol-gel method, with tungsten oxide 5 % wt., gallium oxide 4 % wt., have been investigated. Tungsten oxide addition was established to lead to significant increase in nitrogen dioxide sensitivity. The composition structural features were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that thermal treatment of mixed sols In2O3, Ga2O3, WO3 leads to the formation of hete- rogeneous two-phase material containing (In, Ga)2O3 solid solution and monoclinic WO3 phases. According to X-ray diffraction data, the growth in size of WO3 and In2O3 grains during heat treatment in the mixed In2O3–WO3 composition decelerates as compared to individual oxides. It is assumed that significant increase in the sensitivity to low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide of the composition containing WO3 additive, as compared to the initial one, may be due to the presence of multiply charged adsorption centers (W4+, W5+, W6+), as well as due to the complication (according to EPR) of the defect structure of the double In2O3–WO3 and a triple In2O3–Ga2O3–WO3 composition as compared to the initial oxides. Single-electrode semiconductor nitrogen dioxide sensors with a low threshold of detection (<< 1 ppm) and low power consumption are fabrica- ted. The response of gas sensors based on the In2O3–Ga2O3 (4 % wt.)–WO3 (5 % wt.) composition to gas mixtures containing 10 ppm of NO2 in air has a pronounced maximum at powers of 80–90 mW.
"Trabocchi": a sustainable technology for marine environment

Studies about typical places and constructions, allow grasping appropriate suggestions for particular environmental and social situations. It this research program, from the analysis of trabocchi characteristic constructions for fishing spread in the Adriatic seaboard of Abruzzo (Italy), in which it is optimized the relationship between pile work structures and the dynamic sea stresses – we aim to define indications for sustainable seaside resorts aware of the environmental problems. The trabocchi are outcomes of chooses related to the local resources and the material culture, the result of shapes, structures and materials use optimization respect to the specific climatic and technical conditions; they represent also a right reference for building and maintenance processes organization. The architecture of "site" analysis takes on a meaning of re-approach to local building knowledge, characterized by resources economy and solutions simplicity.
To Die a Living Death: Phantasms of Burial and Cremation in Derrida’s Final Seminar

In the Third Session of his seminar The Beast and the Sovereign , Volume 2, Jacques Derrida turns from a close reading of Heidegger’s 1929–1930 seminar on The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics and Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe —the two books at the center of the seminar—to the question of what it means for a large and growing number of people in the Western world to have to decide, in a seemingly sovereign fashion, about how their bodies are to be treated after their deaths, that is, whether they are to be buried or cremated. This question marks a rather surprising turn to the present—even the autobiographical—in the seminar. This essay follows Derrida’s treatment of the question in the rest of the seminar. It considers, first, what Derrida calls the phantasms attendant upon all speculations regarding this supposedly binary alternative between inhumation and creation and then what this alternative might tell us about Greco-European modernity and certain modern conceptions of the subject and the subject’s putative autonomy and sovereignty over its life, its body, and its remains.
Introduction : making inclusion work in academia

This book is for inclusion and multiplicity in academia. To this end, it is against standardization. As academics in Western countries, we are being organized to conform to rigid standards of teaching and research. This book shows how we can meaningfully challenge such standardization through inclusive practices in our everyday work. We – the authors in this edited volume – present inclusive ideas and ways of interacting that have worked in different university contexts around the world. We share our personal experiences on working for inclusion, account for the relative success of our efforts and provide insights that may prove helpful for others, too. We care passionately about inclusion in academic work. For us, inclusion means bringing in new voices, themes and methods in teaching and research. Most often, inclusion refers in this book to incorporating considerations of gender and ethnicity in the ways in which curricula, courses and research projects are developed and run. By questioning established power relations, privileged knowledge and locally held truths regarding good and proper academic standards and practice, we have each in our own way sought to challenge the status quo. We have sought to make alternative understandings and practices visible. We are aware of current criticism of ‘positive scholarship’ (Fineman, 2006). We distance ourselves from this notion. As feminist organization and management scholars we have learned not to be naive. We are aware of unequal power relations and structures of domination that our work is embedded in. These relations and structures are woven into the fabric of our academic lives, even if we sometimes refer to particular experiences as positive. Also, our stories relate to relative success in changing everyday academic practices, not to great breakthroughs or unselfish service to community. In this way, we also distance ourselves from the notion of ‘engaged scholarship’, which has in recent years become a popular concept to describe meaningful academic work. Engaged scholarship can refer to admirable efforts to incorporate key stakeholders’ perspectives in the study of complex social problems
Special issue on scheduling and timing analysis for advanced real-time systems

Real-time embedded systems such as those found in automotive, aerospace, and other domains are characterised not only by the need for functional correctness, but also the need for temporal or timing correctness. Typically they continually monitor and respond to stimuli from the environment and the physical systems that they control. In order for such systems to behave correctly, they must not only execute the correct computations, but also do so within predefined time constraints or deadlines on the elapsed time between a stimuli and the corresponding response. Advances in software development methods, hardware technology, and the need to focus on energy efficiency pose significant challenges to the analysis of the overall timing behaviour of real-time systems. With hardware technology continuing to scale through the sub-micron to the deep sub-micron domain (e.g. 35–10nm) factors such as the increased probability of circuit failure causing permanent faults, and increased power consumption and problems of heat dissipation come to the fore. Further, increasing hardware capability has enabled significant increases in the volume and complexity of the software deployed in real-time applications; a trend that is set to continue. As a way of managing this complexity, software is often now produced via Model Based Design methods complemented by automatic code generation. Such an approach poses a severe challenge to the effectiveness of current worst-case execution time analysis techniques, but also opens up opportunities for tracking software
Woman's Rights and the Politics of Aging in the Antebellum United States

In the antebellum United States, law and public opinion defined
adult independence as a stage of life specific to white men,
while classifying white women as perpetual dependents. In response,
woman's rights activists used age-based schedules of human development
to challenge laws and social customs that treated women like minors, and
to claim rights and opportunities for women as they entered adulthood
and grew old. This analysis of antebellum political discourse revises
the history of aging in two ways. First, it demonstrates that, while
the ages at which people left school, married, and began work remained
widely variable, age twenty-one nonetheless was defined as a
significant transition to independence for white men, though not for
white women. Second, it shows that state governments used chronological
age to regulate the transition to independent citizenship long before
the development of other age-based programs such as child labor laws
and social security.
A Proposal for a "European Currency " in 1861: The Forgotten Contribution of Carlos Morato Roma

In 1861, the Portuguese politician, publicist and businessman Carlos Morato Roma published a book on monetary themes, in which he defended the creation of a ‘European currency’. Although the book was translated into French and reviewed in the Journal des Economistes, Morato Roma’s proposal has largely been ignored by the extremely vast literature dedicated to the study of the reforms of the European monetary system during the 1860s. This paper seeks to characterise and contextualise the significance of the Portuguese author’s proposal, taking into account contemporary debates on the gold standard, bimetallism and the creation of a universal currency.