nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Lebenswelt and lebensformen: Husserl and Wittgenstein on the goal and method of philosophy

In recent discussions of the foundations of the social sciences, little attention has been given to the conception of "grounding" itself. Appeals frequently have been made to philosophy, notably to the phenomenology of Husserl and the analytic philosophy of Wittgenstein. Some approaches, e.g., ethnomethod? ology, claim both as intellectual progenitors. Problems arise, however, in the attempts to synthesize two such diverse programs. Not the least of these is the difference between the two thinkers' views on language and certainty. On these and other issues, Husserl's goal of "philosophy as rigorous science" and Wittgen? stein's "therapeutic" practice are widely at odds. Here we can only begin the comparison that is a necessary step in evaluating the potential contribution of each approach to the issue of grounding the social sciences.
External sector and exchange political in Colombia 1999 - 2002: of the external imbalance to the precarious balance (in Spanish)

This article analyzes the conditions allowing the external equilibrium in Colombia during the period 1999 - 2002 associated with the performance of the external sector and the exchange rate policies. The main hypothesis in that the equilibrium achieved is precarious due to the poor level of economic growth, the substantial reduction of imports and the drop of saving rate. Following this, the analysis of the exchange policy allows arguing that the adjustment implemented in the last year of the exchange rate band regime, ended up lowering the external activities. Additionally, the adoption of a free market regime has achieve a greater level of autonomy of the monetary policy as well as a short term break between the exchange rate and international reserves. En este articulo se analizan las condiciones que permitieron alcanzar el equilibrio externo en Colombia en el periodo 1999 - 2002, asociadas con el desempeno del sector externo y con la evolucion de la politica cambiaria. La hipotesis principal senala que el equilibrio logrado fue precario, debido al escaso nivel de crecimiento economico, la reduccion sustancial de las importaciones y las bajas tasas de ahorro. Seguidamente un analisis de la evolucion de la politica cambiaria en el cuatrienio permite argumentar, en primera instancia, como la politica de ajuste implementada en el ultimo ano del regimen de banda termino por acelerar aun mas el deterioro de la actividad. En segunda instancia, la adopcion del esquema de libre mercado ha permitido logar hasta el momento un mayor grado de autonomia de la politica monetaria y una disociacion de corto plazo entre el tipo de cambio y las reservas internacionales
Co-ordering and Type 2 co-ordering

In  the enumeration order reducibility is defined on natural numbers. For a c.e. set A, [A] denoted the class of all subsets of natural numbers which are co-order with A. In definition 5 we redefine co-ordering for rational numbers. One of the main questions there, was: "For a specific c.e. set A, consider set of all enumerations of it which is generated by some Turing machine {TM_A} what are the associated order types in ?" Here, we propose the same question for rational numbers, and we try to investigate the varieties of c.e. sets on Q. The theories here are hold for R_c and we could repeat the same theories in this domain, in a parallel way.
East of Wallaces Line: An Introduction

This volume owes its inception to a symposium we convened on Magnetic Island in northern Queensland, Australia in 1997. It takes its title from Alfred Russell Wallace whose voyage through the Malay Archipelago  resulted in the recognition of the zoogeographic divide, running between Lombok and Bali; Borneo and Sulawesi, now known as Wallace's Line. 
 
'I have arrived at the conclusion that we can draw a line among the islands, which shall so divide them that one-half shall truly belong to Asia, while the other shall no less certainly be allied to Australia. I term these respectively the Indo-Malayan, and the Austro-Malayan divisions of the Archipelago. 21; see Fig. 1) 
 
While this line defined for Wallace two natural provinces that had evolved during a long history of separation and isolation, he recognized that it did not apply to the human occupants of the region. 'The reason why exactly the same line does not limit both is sufficiently intelligible. Man has means of transversing the sea which animals do not possess'(Wallace 1869: 30). Wallace inferred that 'maritime enterprise' had allowed people to travel between islands carrying with them their genes, language, cultural traits, domestic animals and crops. 
 
The papers in East of Wallace's Line deal with all facets of what Wallace (1869: 30) called 'maritime enterprise' - exploration, colonization, economy and subsistence. All papers focus on the regions of Island Southeast Asia known as Wallacea, Australia and New Guinea (Sahu!), Island Melanesia, and ultimately the colonization of the Pacific and Remote Oceania. In this part of the world maritime adaptations were, and are, essential to the process of colonization, human impacts on ecosystems, population viability on small islands, communication and trade. While the specific faunal distributions that prompted Wallace to draw his original line are not relevant to the papers here, the general issues of island biogeography and zoogeographic distributions play a significant part in the long term sustainability of occupation in many of these small islands following colonization.
The Legacies of Yukawa and Tomonaga

For this symposium to commemorate the accomplishments of Tomonaga and Yukawa, I will talk about their lives and their place in the history of physics. Then I will go on to some reasonable spot and speculations or my view of what physics is doing at this moment. I discuss my view of physics or kinds of attitudes that I had in doing physics, as well as looking forward to the future of physics and some of its speculations.
Cognitive Constraints on the Visual Arts: An Empirical Study of the Role of Perceived Intentions in Appreciation Judgements

What influences people’s appreciation of works of art? In this paper, we provide a new cognitive approach to this big question, and the first empirical results in support of it. As a work of art typically does not activate intuitive cognition for functional artefacts, it is represented as an instance of non-verbal symbolic communication. By application of Sperber and Wilson’s (1986/1995) Relevance Theory of communication, we hypothesize that understanding the artist’s intention plays a crucial role in intuitive art appreciation judgements. About 60 works of fine art, representing a wide range of periods, genres and styles, were selected in the permanent exhibitions at Tate Britain in London, and rated by more than 500 visitors for goodness and understanding of the artist’s intention. Results suggest that works of art whose artist’s intention is easy to understand tend to be preferred over those with more obscure intentions, even when controlling for familiarity effects.
Synthesis, structural, dielectric and domain properties of Al-doped KNbO3 single crystal

Single-crystal samples of Al-doped potassium niobate (KNbO3) [KN] were synthesized by a high-temperature flux technique. X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystal suggests that a single phase with an orthorhombic structure was formed. The dielectric studies of the KN single crystal as a function of temperature (from 30 to 500 °C) show that the compounds underwent a phase transition, which was confirmed by thermal analysis of the DTA curve. The measured loss tangent of the crystal, which is in good agreement with the dielectric studies. The ferroelectric property of the crystal was confirmed by studying the hysteresis loop. In this study, several parameters, like the coercive field and spontaneous polarization, were measured and calculated. The domain study was carried out using a trinocular microscope, which reported the formation of the 60° domain line and dislocation etch pits. The effects of the electric field on the domain of the Al-doped KN single crystal were discussed.
A Review of Steven Shavell's Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law

Steven Shavell's Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law (Harvard University Press, 2004) is a major theoretical contribution to "law and economics," the applied field of economics that studies the economic properties and consequences of legal doctrines and institutions. It is a field of immense practical importance, but unfamiliar to many economists--a situation that Shavell's book bids fair to rectify. This review essay situates Shavell's book in the history of economic scholarship about law and uses the book as a springboard for speculation about new directions in that scholarship.
Continued And Frequent Use of Internet Banking by AustralianConsumers: Identification of The Factor Components

The goal of this study was to investigate the factors that influence how consumers continue to use, and how frequently they use, internet banking in Australia. Patterns of continued use and frequency of use of internet banking have been neglected as most of the existing studies focus on either consumer adoption or acceptance of internet banking. However, in comparison to new customer acquisition, measures of continued and frequent use of internet banking are related to a cost-effective marketing strategy aimed at retaining customers. This study addresses a gap in existing literature which requires the application of more integrated theory testing and the identification of factors that influence the continued and frequent use of internet banking. The study sets out to develop a framework based on theoretical models related to the acceptance of technology and diffusion of innovations theory that encompasses technology, channel, social and value for money factors as predictors in the identification of influential factors for consumers and their continued and frequent use of internet banking.
Finite Energy Instantons in the O(3) Non-Linear Sigma Model

We consider winding number transitions in the two dimensional O(3) non-linear sigma model, modified by a suitable conformal symmetry breaking term. We discuss the general properties of the relevant instanton solutions which dominate the transition amplitudes at finite energy, and find the solutions numerically. The Euclidean period of the solution increases with energy, contrary to the behavior found in the abelian Higgs model or simple one dimensional systems. This indicates that there is a sharp crossover from instanton dominated tunneling to sphaleron dominated thermal activation at a certain critical temperature in this model. We argue that the electroweak theory in four dimensions should exhibit a similar behavior.
Fast overflow probability estimation tool for MPLS networks

The constant growth of internet and the variety of services provided makes the estimation of QoS parameters a fundamental need for every Internet Service Provider. The present work introduces a software tool that calculates the overflow probability on the core links of a MPLS network. The calculation is based on the statistical properties of the arriving traffic and the routing on the network. The procedure uses the results of the large deviations theory and the work of Likhanov et al.  for small buffer. The results obtained show high degree of accuracy as well as very short processing times. This allows the user to determine the overflow status of the network without the need to use the traditional highly time consuming simulation techniques.
On a Reconstruction Problem of Harary and Manvel

We give a complete answer to a question raised by Harary and Manvel in 1972 ( by proving that a finite set A of points in the plane R2 is uniquely determined up to translation and rotation by a multiple of 90° by 5 of its (?A??1)-element subsets given up to translation and rotation by a multiple of 90°. This result is best possible.
Fertility and Culture: Anthropological Insights

Between the fertility event that increases a population and the cultural ideas that shape how it is perceived and analyzed lies an engaging set of issues. To grapple with them, demographically oriented approaches to fertility, and to reproduction more broadly, have increasingly sought insight from sociocultural anthropology and its longtime concern with the ideas by which people understand their worlds. The results, despite the vast differences in method and philosophical orientation that typically separate demography and anthropology, are forging new ways to look at fertility. This article addresses the recent history of the anthropology and demography relationship in studies of fertility, focusing especially on developments that take culture as a fluid and contested set of mental schemes.
Letter by Ma et al Regarding Article, "Depression Treatment and 1-Year Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the TRIUMPH Registry (Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status)".

We congratulate Smolderen et al for their significant work recently published in Circulation about the effects of antidepression therapy in patients hospitalized with a first acute myocardial infarction.1 The findings of this observational multicenter cohort study indicate that antidepressant therapy appears to fail to improve the adjusted 1-year risk of mortality for depressed patients after …
Formation of a layered structure on SiC–Al2O3–ZrO2 ceramics during high-temperature oxidation

The high-temperature oxidation of SiC–Al2O3–ZrO2 composite material in air under the action of concentrated solar radiation at temperature close to the melting point leads to the formation of a three-layer wear- and corrosion-resistant protective scale with an outer layer of aluminum silicate Al2SiO5 about 180 μm in depth with fine fibrous structure. It is shown that preliminary hightemperature oxidation of the composite improves its service characteristics.
Academic medicine and the public.

Each year at this time the President is privileged to address the Society on a subject that he hopes will be of interest to members and guests. After giving much thought to the matter, I have decided that the most important problem facing academic medicine today is the question of our relationship to government and to the public that it represents. Stated in the briefest of terms, the issue is how we ought to respond to the pressures being generated by a changing social climate, in which federal support for research seems to be threatened, and demands for more services and community involvement are coming from all sides. This I believe is the problem that is causing us the greatest anguish these days, and this is the problem that I want to discuss with you this morning. Let me confess at the outset that I have no claim to any special wisdom in this area, no solutions to propound , and, in fact, no confidence that there are satisfactory answers to the problems we face. Nevertheless I believe we must examine the current situation as closely as we can. Unless we do we may lose by default any opportunities to influence the future direction of affairs. This Society was born 61 yr ago at another time of great ferment in American medicine. Its early members spearheaded the transformation of the medical educational system that followed the Flexner report, and they contributed in large measure to the revolution that joined together the natural sciences and medicine in the new discipline of clinical investigation. The thesis I would like to put before you is that we have now entered a new era which is going to produce changes in medical education, research, and practice at least as profound as those witnessed by the original Young Turks. Two major developments have contributed to the present state of affairs. There is, first of all, the extraordinary recent history of federal support for medical research, mainly through the National Institutes of Health. Beginning in 1947, with a congressional appropriation of 4 million dollars, the total of funds expended by NIH for extramural support of research rose rapidly until 1966, when it reached approximately 1.2 billion dollars annually. As James Shannon has said, "Never in the nation's history had public funds in such amounts been placed at the disposal of individuals working outside the framework of …
iWIN: A Summarizer System Based on a Semantic Analysis of Web Documents

Seeking bits of useful information from a large amount of data on the Web still remains a difficult and time consuming task for a wide range of people such as students, reporters, and many other types of professionals. This problem requires to investigate new ways to handle and process information, that has to be delivered in a rather small space, retrieved in a short time, and represented as accurately as possible. This is surely one of the most important reasons for searching suitable and efficient summarization techniques capable of "distilling" the most important information from a variety of logically related sources, as the one returned from classic search engines, in order to produce a short, concise and grammatically meaningful version of information spread out in pages and pages of texts. In this paper we present a summarizer system, named iWIN (information on the Web In a Nutshell), that is able to perform an automatic summarization of multiple documents through: a semantic analysis of the text, a ranking method used to evaluate the relevance of the information for the specific user, a clustering method based on the document representation in terms of set of triplets (subject, verb, object) and a sentences' selection/ordering process to make the final summary as much readable as possible. Some preliminary results about system performances obtained using the ROUGE evaluation software are presented and discussed.
Heat Advisory: Protecting Health on a Warming Planet

The 2016 John S.  Assessing the Quality of Perinatal Care: Advances and Barriers Scott Lorch, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and Senior Fellow of the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics at the University of Pennsylvania Please join us for a breakfast reception in the MacInnes Auditorium foyer following the Curran Lecture
A subsidy driven decision procedure to mitigate the tragedy of the commons and anti-commons

One of the main aims of telecommunication subsidies in developing countries is to extend the information and communication services to the information “have nots” through subsidized communication services. However, subsidies may have an impact on network resource utilization, quality of service and the amount of revenue generated. For example, subsidies may lead to low Quality of Service (QoS) and high resource utilization while in some instances unsubsidized services may lead to high quality of services and low utilization of resources. This see-saw effect may eventually lead to market failure and it may, now and then, destroy market efficiency. This phenomenon calls for a combined study, in which the relationship between subsidy, price, QoS and resource utilization is investigated. In this paper, the impact of subsidies on quality of service and resource utilization in multitier communities is investigated. We try to find a middle ground between implementation of subsidy policy and its effects on QoS and resource utilization in a network.
Investigation of formic acid oxidation on palladium in acidic solutions by on-line mass spectroscopy

A new insight into the electrochemical oxidation of formic acid on palladium is presented. On-line mass spectroscopy analysis of volatile products reveals the production of carbon dioxide not only in the double-layer region but also near 0.25 and 1.75 V. At these potentials the currents are masked by hydrogen oxidation and oxygen evolution, respectively, and the reaction has not been investigated so far. The presence of strongly adsorbed residues at small coverages is proved by on-line mass spectroscopy.
Art and architecture in France, 1500 to 1700

Part 1 From the invasion of Italy to the Battle of Pavia 1494-1525: historical background architecture - the introduction of Renaissance motives from Northern Italy - the first chateaux of Francis I sculpture - Guido Mazzoni, the Giusti, Michel Colombe painting - Bourdichon, Perreal. Part 2 The middle years of Francis I 1525-1540: historical background architecture - the chateaux built for Francis I in the Ile-de-France - Madrid, Fontainebleau etc decorative sculpture and painting - Rosso and the early work of Primaticcio portrait painting - Jean Clouet. Part 3 The classical period of the 16th century 1540-1565: historical background architecture - Serlio, Lescot, Philibert de l'Orme, Primaticcio painting and engraving - Primaticcio, Nicolo dell'Abate, Francois Clouet, Jean Duvet sculpture - Goujon, Bontemps, Domenico del Barbiere. Part 4 The wars of religion 1560-1598: historical background architecture - Bullant, Jacques Androuet du Cerceau the elder sculpture - Germain Pilon painting - Antoine Caron, Jean Cousin the younger, and the portrait painters. Part 5 Henry IV and the regency of Marie de'Medici 1598-1630: historical background architecture - the king's works, Le Muet, Salomon de Brosse painting and sculpture - the second school of Fontainebleau, the mannerists of Nancy - Bellange and Callot, late mannerism in Paris, Vignon, Biard. Part 6 Richelieu and Mazarin, 1630-1661: historical background architecture - Lemercier, Francois Mansart, the early work of Le Vau painting - Simon Vouet, the minor painters of the 1630s and the 1640s, Philippe de Champaigne and Flemish influence, the Caravaggesques, the Le Nains, Nicolas Poussin, landscape painting - Claude Lorraine and Gaspar Dughet, the minor classical painters - Le Sueur and Bourdon sculpture - Sarrazin, Francois and Michel Anguier. Part 7 Louis XIV and Colbert 1660-1685: historical background architecture and the decorative arts - the Louvre and Versailles, Bernini, Le Vau, Perrault, J.H. Mansart, Le Notre, Blondel and the academy, L.Bruant, the decorators painting and theory - Lebrun and the academy - Mignard sculpture - Girardon and Coysevox. Part 8 The decline of Louis XIV 1685-1705: historical background architecture - the later work of J.H. Mansart - bullet sculpture - Puget - the later work of Coysevox painting - La Fosse, Jouvenet, Antoine Coypel, the portrait painters - Francois de Troy, Largillierre and Rigaud, Desportes postscript - the transition to the 18th century.
Investigating Psychology and Transcendence

Psychology has not fully engaged with the possible reality of transcendence, spirit, or the divine, largely due to unexamined assumptions that prevent taking religious experience and transcendence seriously. Eugene Long’s reflections on experience and transcendence, key ideas from hermeneutic philosophy, including Brent Slife’s conception of “strong relationality,” Peter Berger’s analysis of modern dilemmas and “many realities,” Louis Dupré’s discussion of an ingrained “objectivism” that has long colored and probably distorted Western philosophy, theology, and the social sciences, and Vaclav Havel’s suggestion of a “need for transcendence” in a postmodern world roughly cohere and go a long way toward dismantling the “encapsulated self” that must either reject transcendence altogether or reach it only by way of a blind and indefensible “leap” out of the modern situation.