nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Consistency check of higher dimensional gravity compensation to anomalous magnetic moment

The precision measurement of the muon (g − 2) experiment has recently reported a deviation from the Standard Model. This requires an extension of the model and suggests underlying mechanisms. We consider that higher dimensional gravity results in the (g − 2) deviation. This effect would appear as Kaluza-Klein modes and Nambu-Goldstone modes on a 3-brane. These classical effects produce new compensation terms to the magnetic moment. In this paper, we perform a consistency check by comparing the results derived from the Born and Schrödinger approximations. The comparison reveals a similarity between KK-dilaton modes and brane stretching effect.
Study of CoCr films deposited by magnetron sputtering under different nitrogen partial pressures

alloy thin films are considered to be an applicable perpendicular magnetic recording medium. The existence of nitrogen residual gas during sputtering has significant effects on the structure and properties of CoCr films. With the increasing of N 2 , a phase transformation from hcp to fcc structure happens gradually when the partial pressure of N 2 ( P N 2 ) is in the range of 9.6 × 10 −3 −4.0 × 10 −2 Pa, and a transition from tensile to comprehensive stress takes place. The further increasing of P N 2 stabilizes the fcc phase. Finally, when P N 2 is greater than 0.23 Pa, a nitride appears with a possible form of (Co 1− x Cr x ) 2 N (where 0 x 2 degrades the preferred orientation of crystallines of hcp phase, and has detrimental effects on the perpendicular magnetic properties. According to the experimental results, a mechanism for the effect of N 2 is proposed. The existence of N 2 lowers the surface mobility of deposited atoms, and causes the lattice distortion of grains. The transformation from hcp to fcc phase is the result of the nucleation and expansion of stacking faults. A metastable phase with bct (body-centered tetragonal) structure may exist during the formation of fcc phase because of the existence of lattice distortion. With the increasing of film thickness, the metastable phase transforms gradually to the stable fcc phase.
Quantifier Elimination for Quartics

Concerning quartics, two particular quantifier elimination (QE) problems of historical interests and practical values are studied. We solve the problems by the theory of complete discrimination systems and negative root discriminant sequences for polynomials that provide a method for real (positive/negative) and complex root classification for polynomials. The equivalent quantifier-free formulas are obtained mainly be hand and are simpler than those obtained automatically by previous methods or QE tools. Also, applications of the results to program verification and determination of positivity of symmetric polynomials are showed.
What is visual culture studies

Visual Culture Studies: History, Theory, Practice Visual Culture, Everyday Life, Difference and Visual Literacy - Interview with Nicholas Mirzoeff Mixing it up: The Media, the Senses and Global Politics - Interview with W.J.T. Mitchell Globalization, cosmopolitanism, politics and the citizen - Interview with Susan Buck-Morss in conversation with Laura Mulvey and Marquard Smith On the State of Cultural Studies - Interview with Paul Gilroy Disability Studies, the Humanities and the Limits of the Visible - Interview with Lennard J. Davis Naming, Networks and Scientific Regimes of Vision - Interview with Lisa Cartwright Phenomenology, Mass Media and Being-in-the-World - Interview with Vivian Sobchack Performance, live Culture and Things of the Heart - Interview with Peggy Phelan Cultural Cartography, Materiality and the Fashioning of Emotion - Interview with Giuliana Bruno Visual Studies, Historiography and Aesthetics - Mark A. Cheetham, Michael Ann Holly and Keith Moxe in Conversation That Visual Turn: The Advent of Visual Culture - Interview with Martin Jay Polemics, Postmodernism, Immersion, Militarized Space - Interview with Hal Foster The Object of Visual Culture Studies and Preposterous History - Interview with Mieke Bal
Area efficient hardware implementation of elliptic curve cryptography by iteratively applying Karatsuba's method

Securing communication channels is especially needed in wireless environments. But applying cipher mechanisms in software is limited by the calculation and energy resources of the mobile devices. If hardware is applied to realize cryptographic operations cost becomes an issue. In this paper we describe an approach which tackles all these three points. We implemented a hardware accelerator for polynomial multiplication in extended Galois fields (GF) applying Karatsuba's method iteratively. With this approach the area consumption is reduced to 2.1 mm^2 in comparison to. 6.2 mm^2 for the standard application of Karatsuba's method i.e. for recursive application. Our approach also reduces the energy consumption to 60 per cent of the original approach. The price we have to pay for these achievement is the increased execution time. In our implementation a polynomial multiplication takes 3 clock cycles whereas the recurisve Karatsuba approach needs only one clock cycle. But considering area, energy and calculation speed we are convinced that the benefits of our approach outweigh its drawback.
Barriers to Business Expansion in Malawi’s New Policy Environment

This paper addresses the need for prioritizing constraints facing the Malawi private sector, examines the sector’s environment and identifies the most important problems perceived by firms as impeding their expansion. It is based on a study conducted in 1999 by Associates for International Resources and Development (AIRD) in partnership with Millennium Consulting Group and the Malawi Investment Promotion Agency (MIPA). The survey and analysis of this report are exploratory since the sample was small and the resources too limited to do an extensive examination. The primary value of the study, however, is that it asks the private sector what it thinks are its major constraints, prioritizes these and measures their magnitude to the extent possible, analyzes the most important of these constraints, and recommends ways in which they might be overcome. 1 MIPA is a parastatal mandated by the Investment Promotion Act of 1991 to promote, encourage, attract, and facilitate local and foreign investment.
The Canadian Women's Movement, 1960-1990: A Guide to Archival Resources // Review

Women's historian Gerda Lerner recently completed her major study, The Creation of Feminist Consciousness, in which she shows how women--in what she calls the "prehistory of women," the millenia leading up to today--have not been validated for the writing they have done. In fact, women have had to prove anew in each generation that they had a right to their own thought and that "their thought might be rooted in a different experience and different knowledge" from accumulated male thought and writing.(f.1) Such constant struggle for basic recognition and validation has stifled creativity and effectively silenced women.Yet some women did express themselves and we have heard them, especially in the past decade or two as women's historians have combed through the scanty record our foremothers left and have raised their voices out of the past. Most often, the record women left is far from traditional, and other more traditional records are now being researched in nontraditional ways. Women's historians have used, rather creatively, women's own records from recipe books to letters between female friends as well as official records like municipal police records and federal government files on World War II, not to mention other media records like photographs and tape recordings. Piece by piece, record by record, women's historical experiences are being stitched together. More than being integrated into the existing official histories, women finally have their own valid, and often very different, story to tell.Known records about women are nevertheless relatively few and often are not organized properly or inaccessible for other reasons. In 1978 in Archivaria, the journal of the Association of Canadian Archivists, Canadian women's historian Veronica Strong-Boag issued the plea for commitment from all sectors of the historical community to gather information on the historical experience of women in Canada, and to do so in an organized, concerted fashion: to ignore this plea would keep Canadian history in the back woods and incomplete.(f.2) Strong-Boag's article has been quoted many times over the years and its plea is just as important today for the historical community, particularly professional archivists, as it was a decade and a half ago.Over the years, other contributors to Archivaria have echoed and pushed Strong-Boag's arguments further. Diane Beattie showed how Canadian women's historians have only minimally used archival sources to do their research on women, partly because traditional finding aids do not highlight women in the record and partly because archivists have not acquired adequate documentation on the subject of women in the first place. Susan Mann suggested that women would continue to be part of the woodwork of archives if specialized finding aids were not created to make women stand out. In a similar vein, Danielle Lacasse stated that federal government records, while containing a wealth of information about women and women's place in the Canadian social fabric, simply do not reflect this richness with the current tools available.
OPERATIONAL INDISTINGUISHABLY OF VARYING SPEED OF LIGHT THEORIES

The varying speed of light theories have been recently proposed to solve the standard model problems and anomalies in the ultra high energy cosmic rays. These theories try to formulate a new relativity with no assumptions about the constancy of the light speed. In this regard, we study two theories and want to show that these theories are not the new theories of relativity, but only re-descriptions of Einstein's special relativity.
Praxiological Inquiries of Theorizing

It seems that social scientists somehow understand their papers despite the fact that it is impossible to decide “clear” relation between them and what is called methodological criteria. Accordingly, in this paper, theory is addressed not as something to be improved, but as phenomena embedded in our work of writing and reading within those situations where they are done. Two features -‘sign reading practice’ and ‘impression of rationality’- are examined as ways to achieve making sense of [purported]  It is concluded that theorizing activities are never isolated from our everyday work.
The competitiveness of small and medium-sized companies in the provision of services.

The topic deals with SMEs in the Czech Republic in terms of provision of services in the catering industry within the current social, economic and technological change. 
 
The topic is focused on the competitiveness of SMEs in the service. The potential to increase the competitiveness of SMEs is derived mainly from an increase in the quality offered and in services, but also in developing new services.
Contemporary Land Arts, Technology and New Materialist Aesthetics

This article addresses recent art projects that are discussed under the notion of new materialist aesthetics. This term is used to elaborate connections between these projects and their methods and recent discussions of the nonhuman and posthuman philosophy.  The article also elaborates some positions in technological or 'media art' practices that work on hardware and infrastructure but also on the geophysical underpinnings of media. It expands on more geocentric perspectives in art and aesthetics through connecting a range of such projects by a contemporary artists including Martin Howse, Jonathan Kemp, Ryan Jordan, Terike Haapoja, Jamie Allen and David Gauthier to the body of land art (as represented by Robert Smithson) and current new materialist discussions.
Тенденция историко-культурных процессов в лесостепи Западной Сибири

Physical and geographic peculiarities of Western Siberia are plain landscape (the largest lowland in the world), latitudes of landscape zones, limited amount and, in some regions, absence of stone material for tool production, absence of material for non-ferrous metal production. During the early stages of the ancient history, these conditions restrained the populating the Western Siberia territories. Mechanisms and processes of adaptation created the historical and cultural singularity of the territory of Western Siberia which individualizes it among the other regions of North Asia. Another peculiarity is associated with the development of Western Siberia archaeological science. It was based on academic centers of Moscow and Leningrad (Saint-Petersburg), and since 1960-s of the XX century, Novosibirsk as well; organization of local centers in universities and specialized higher education institutions; scientific schools. The new level of archaeological knowledge allows arguing that on Asian territory of Russia, Western Siberia stands apart in terms of historical and cultural content, its diversity and processes dynamics. On the other hand, it allows considering the archaeological cultures development, their interactions in a different way; allows finding out the general and local trends of historical and cultural development in the large chronological limits and within different landscape zones. This work deals with a research aimed to solve this issue. The cartography of the Early Holocenic findings of Western Siberia, their absolute chronology allow to conclude that the populating of the Western Siberian lowland was dispersive and depended on changing natural environment and necessary resources. Neolithic Age demonstrates another state of historical and cultural development. At that time the whole territory of Western Siberia was populated, the archaeological cultures were created, the population passed to sedentary lifestyle. During the transition period between ages, historical development was quite unstable. During the Bronze Age, the situation stabilized. Anyway, Seymino-Turbino phenomena can be considered as manifestation of globalization. Andronovo culture had a globalization element as well. During the Late Bronze age was the time of cultural traditions developing from Ural to Yenissei. This changed during the transition from Bronze to Iron Age. In Scythian time the trend to global development had been revived. Thus, on the territory of forest-steppe of Western Siberia, the trend of historical and cultural processes had a cyclic nature.
Anti-Social Realism

Work included in a group exhibition at Charlie Smith Gallery, London curated by Juan Bolivar and John Stark. Exhibting artists include: Juan Bolivar, Dan Coombs, Graham Crowley, Karen David, Nathan Eastwood, Geraint Evans, John Greenwood, Sigrid Holmwood, Kate Lyddon, Maharishi x Rebecca & Mike, John Salt, John Stark. 
 
The term 'Anti-Social Realism', which acts as this exhibitions title, is not one that is commonly understood. It is intended to pose questions such as: is 'revolutionary' art a viable possibility today? What does it mean to be (anti) social in an increasingly interconnected but physically separated society? Can we, through archaic practices such as painting and sculpture, engage with notions of 'social realism’ now presented on a daily basis through the new silver-screen veneer of the digital age? 
 
In response, this exhibition attempts to pose pictorial possibilities and create tensions through the selected artworks, tackling notions of contemporary realism and in turn offering us a distant echo of a political reality. The wry misnomer of the exhibition title slips between many interwoven threads, simultaneously conjuring up images of 'anti-social behaviour orders' (ASBO), anarchist riots, or the solitary artist locked away from the world attempting to connect on a higher level. In this light, the exhibiting artists are presented as 'social mystics' and it could be said that their work operates by a means of turning inwards to create social radiation.
Regional development agencies in the United Kingdom: Labour's flagship sailing at half-mast?

This article applies a modelling approach to examine the establishment of Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) in England. RDAs are an important part of New Labour's policy programme for regional economic development, and their implementation requires the involvement of actors at both central and local government levels. The three phases of negotiations that took place between these actors are studied using alternative models of collective decision-making, including a cooperative exchange model and a non-cooperative conflict model. Data on the key elements of the decision-making process - including the issues discussed during the negotiations, the actors' policy positions and capabilities, and the levels of salience they attached to the issues - were collected systematically and form the basis of the analysis. Application of the models allows inferences to be drawn regarding the nature of the decision-making process that took place prior to the policy outcomes. These analyses are supported by the estimates of the utility gains and losses experienced by the actors as a result of the policy outcomes that were realized. The results demonstrate that Labour has pursued a largely consensual approach based on exchange and log-rolling.
A Narrative Study of Qualitative Data on Sexual Assault, Coercion and Harassment

A narrative analysis of 159 stories of unwanted sexual attention written bv residents in single student residence halls is provided. Four story types are reviewed with separate consideration of the contributions of female and male residents. The patterns of sexual harassment in residence and their consequences for residents are described and discussed with particular reference to the implications for counselling and recommendations concerning the content and process of preventive education.
Development of a Sintering Process for High-Performance Silicon Nitride.

Beta-Si3N4 ceramics with excellent creep and oxidation resistance in the temperature range of 1300 to 1450 C can be produced by the sintering process using small amounts (3-7%) of BeSiN2 as a densification aid. These ceramics are composed of both elongated and equi-axed grains of Beta-Si3N4 solid solution and sometimes contain minor amounts of Si, SiC and BeSiN2, depending on starting composition and sintering conditions. Although samples have been occasionally sintered to 98% relative density, densities near 90% are routinely produced by sintering at 2000-2100 C for 15 min. in 60-80 atm of N2. In addition to optimum amounts of Be and O required for the attainment of high density and consequently, good thermochemical properties of the ceramic, effects of metallic impurities (Ca, Mg and Fe which promote sintering) have been observed. The thermodynamic stability of Si3N4 is outlined and the 'region of sinterability' is established for submicron alpha-Si3N4 powders containing small amounts of BeSiN2. Proposed chemical reactions and mechanism of densification during sintering are discussed.
How Market Power Influences Bank Failures: Evidence from Russia

There has been a notable debate in the banking literature on the impact of bank competition on financial stability. While the dominant view sees a detrimental impact of competition on the stability of banks, this view has recently been challenged by Boyd and De Nicolo (2005) who see the reverse effect. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this literature by providing the first empirical investigation of the role of bank competition on the occurrence of bank failures. We analyze this issue based on a large sample of Russian banks over the period 2001-2007 and employ the Lerner index as the metric of bank competition. The Russian banking industry is a unique example of an emerging market which has undergone a large number of bank failures during the last decade. Our findings clearly support the view that tighter bank competition is detrimental for financial stability. This result is robust to tests controlling for the measurement of market power, the definition of bank failure, the set of control variables, and the particular linear specification of the relationship. The normative implication of our findings is therefore that measures that increase bank competition could undermine financial stability.
Discourses of Civilisation in International Politics: The Case of Japan

Recent discourse in international politics has seen a remarkable increase in the use of the word ‘civilisation’. This phenomenon has stimulated research that seeks to investigate the concept of the ‘standard of civilisation’ in the historical development of international politics, and the implications that this has had and may continue to have on the regional and global level. In this context, this thesis examines the evolving idea of the standard of civilisation as it relates to Japan. Throughout this investigation, the thesis sheds light on a nexus between the discourse of civilisation and militarisation. The linkage between civilisation and militarisation is most evident in the debate over Japan’s remilitarisation in the post-Second World War era. In analysing this case, the thesis also points out the potential ramifications of the discourse of civilisation in international politics, including issues surrounding the promotion of liberal democracy and the military alliance relationship between the United States and Japan. The thesis concludes by stating the importance of an awareness of dangers that may manifest themselves as a consequence of the linkage between civilisation and militarisation.