nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction and review

The papers from this section fall into four broad categories: 

The first two papers in the section serve to illustrate the important role that halokinesis of the Zechstein salt played in controlling sedimentation in parts of the Central Graben. Smith et al. demonstrated that, even as early as the Triassic, salt movements were instrumental in controlling and focusing sedimentation in synforms developed on the surface of the salt. There also appears to be a salt-controlled ‘grain’ to the Jurassic pre-rift cover sequence.

This theme is developed further by Weston et al. in their use of analogue models to study the interaction between active faulting, sedimentation and salt movement. The objective of this ongoing research project is to improve our understanding of the factors controlling diapirism and its effects on the overburden sequence, particularly the geometry of beds close to the diapir where seismic data quality is generally poor.

Morgan and Cutts show that the Triassic of the Crawford Field is cut by a series of low-angle faults which appear to sole out towards the top of the Permian. Considerable block rotation has occurred, resulting in loss of section across the faults. This has serious implications for correlation work if, where present, such faults are not recognized. This, and other related papers on the East Irish Sea Basin, indicate. . .
Precambrian Evolutionary Genetics

The broad features of the evolution of Precambrian organisms and of the genetic systems responsible for this evolution are outlined. The hypothetical and actual life-forms considered are pre-organisms (nucleic acid molecules multiplying free in solution), proto-organisms (membrane-bound self-replicating entities), prokaryotes (bacteria and blue-green algae), and protists (early eukaryotes with little differentiation). In each group, the nature of the hereditary material, its acquisition of function, its increase in size and variety, and its means of change and recombination are discussed.
Metabolic Syndrome Patient Compliance with Drug Treatment

1) To evaluate the compliance with drug treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome. 2) To determine association between access to and use of medicines, as well as the level of knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and compliance.



Low compliance has been one of the greatest challenges for the successful treatment of chronic diseases. Although this issue has been widely studied in patients with isolated hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, compliance studies involving patients with these concomitant diseases or with metabolic syndrome diagnosis are scarce.



This was a cross-sectional study involving patients who have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome according to the IDF criteria. Patients were being treated in a Health-Medical School Center bound to the Public Brazilian Healthcare System. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase I was characterized by analyzing medical records and Phase II involved interviewing the patients. A variation of the Morisky-Green Test was used to evaluate compliance. Compliance was the dependent variable and the independent variables included access to medicines, the use of medicines and the level of knowledge concerning cardiovascular risk factors.



Two hundred and forty-three patients were identified as being eligible for Phase II, and 75 were included in the study. The average level of compliance was 5.44 points (standard deviation of 0.68), on a scale ranging from 1.00 to 6.00 points. There was no statistically meaningful association between independent variables and compliance. The level of patient knowledge of diet and dyslipidemia was considered to be low.



Patients involved in this study exhibited a high level of compliance with drug treatment. Further research is needed to better elucidate the compliance behavior of patients who have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.
Forestry and Field Plant Production Technologies in Environmental Life-Cycle Thinking

In our work we developed an environmental analysis model for technological aspects of landuse
changes caused by climate changes. In our research we examined environmental implications of
cultivation technologies of agricultural land-uses. For the typical agricultural/forestry technologies
we set up an eco-balance (input-output material and energy balance) established by process and life
cycle approach. The results of each technology balance � by using environmental impact categories of
environmental problems � become assessable and comparable. The agricultural technologies connected
with land using can be examined by environmental impacts and in terms of environmental riskiness.
Groundwater Environment in Delhi, India

Delhi, the capital city of India, is the third largest city in the country by area and the second largest by population. It supports a population of over 16.7 million ( Census of India, 2011 ). The city has a long history of political dominance by various dynasties. For a long time, its relevance as the political center of India led to the migration of different communities from all over the country, shaping its cultural heritage. Delhi in last six decades has seen unprecedented population growth and urbanization. This has left its footprint on groundwater environment of the city. However in recent years, steps for conservation and management of groundwater resources has given hope for its betterment.
A Programmer's View of Automata

The purpose of this discussion is to introduce the Computer Scientist to the concepts, definitions, notation and ideas of finite automata theory and to suggest how these ideas might relate to some of the other fields of Computer Science. Many of the ideas presented will be familiar to computer programmers, although they might not be immediately recognizable, for it is the precise nature of mathematics that renders these concepts tractable to investigation. Since understanding of the basic concepts is the purpose of this discussion, more emphasis will be placed on definitions and examples than on theorems and proofs. The principal benefit of the study of finite automata to the computer programmer is not in theories and theorems, but is rather in the insight and understanding it can contribute to many programming problems; specifically, in determining the underlying structure of the problem and in establishing how this structure is modified as the computation progresses.
The working hours of general practitioners 2000-2008.

There is little reliable information available on the working hours of general practitioners (GPs). The purpose of our study is to describe the development of weekly working hours of Norwegian general practitioners in the period from 2000 to 2008, as well as the length of their patient lists and their perceived workload.



General practitioners in the reference panel of the Research Institute of the Norwegian Medical Association have reported their weekly working hours for 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008, and the length of their patient lists for 2002 and 2008. We used non-overlapping 95 per cent confidence intervals for testing inter-group differences in interval variables and proportions.



From 227 to 316 general practitioners responded to each survey round. Average weekly working hours constituted 45.1 hours (95 per cent CI: 43.6-46.5 hours) in 2000 and 46.4 hours (95 per cent CI: 45.2-47.6 hours) in 2008. The number of hours increased for women GPs, while the number of hours remained basically unchanged for men from 2000 to 2008. Average length of the patient lists in 2002 and 2008 constituted 1,325 and 1,278 for men, and 1,155 and 1,144 for women GPs respectively. The proportion of GPs who responded that they perceived their workload as unacceptable decreased significantly, from 38.1 per cent in 2000 to 25.5 per cent in 2008.



Average weekly working hours for GPs increased by approximately one hour from 2000 to 2008, and this increase is found mainly among women GPs. We believe that the reduction in the proportion reporting to have an unacceptable workload can be explained by the introduction of the list-patient system, which has given the doctors better control of their own workload.
Half a century of computer methods in power system analysis, planning and operations: Part II: Glenn W. Stagg and his contributions to advancing the technology

This paper is the second paper devoted to the contributions of Glenn W. Stagg to the advancement of the state-of-the-art in power system analysis, planning and operations. It provides a critical review and assessment of his work in the fields of: computer method development; faults and short circuit analysis; load-flow and stability computation techniques; and energy management systems. Also emphasized are the far reaching consequences of Glenn W. Stagg's seminal work, which eventually opened the road for some of the advanced applications of today that were not even conceivable during those pioneering years. It is hoped that this succinct overview of his work will serve as motivation and inspirational example for students, researchers and power system professionals.
Necklace and Calabash: A Chinese Detective Story

Broughtback into print in the 1990s to wide acclaim, re-designed new editions of Robert van Gulik's Judge Dee Mysteries are now available. Written by a Dutch diplomat and scholar during the 1950s and 1960s, these lively and historically accurate mysteries have entertained a devoted following for decades.Set during the T'ang dynasty, they feature Judge Dee, a brilliant and cultured Confucian magistrate disdainful of personal luxury and corruption, who cleverly selects allies to help him navigate the royal courts, politics, and ethnic tensions in imperial China. Robert van Gulik modeled Judge Dee on a magistrate of that name who lived in the seventh century, and he drew on stories and literary conventions of Chinese mystery writing dating back to the Sung dynasty to construct his ingenious plots. "Necklace and Calabash" finds Judge Dee returning to his district of Poo-yang, where the peaceful town of Riverton promises a few days' fishing and relaxation. Yet a chance meeting with a Taoist recluse, a gruesome body fished out of the river, strange guests at the Kingfisher Inn, and a princess in distress thrust the judge into one of the most intricate and baffling mysteries of his career. An expert on the art and erotica as well as the literature, religion, and politics of China, van Gulik also provides charming illustrations to accompany his engaging and entertaining mysteries."
The virtual republic : Australia's culture wars of the 1990s

Introducing the virtual republicPART ONE: ROOTS1 When I hear the word 'culture', I reach for the remote control2 Mapping the Antipodes3 The Libertarian line4 A secret history of Sydney postmodernismPART TWO: AERIALS5 The Demidenko effect6 Political correctness and the perils of the pale penis people7 Postmodernism meets the attack of the killer Darwinists!8 The fall of the magic kingdom9 Fair go, PaulinePART
Values: Roots or Fruits? Shifting the Emphasis in Values Education

Jonathan Long suggests that current interpretations of values education are dominated by a number of ideas that appear to make attempts to achieve clarity and consensus extremely difficult. He argues that ‘essential to the successful development and promotion of values in a secular state educational system is a shifting of emphasis which enables us to see the context as an opportunity rather than a problem’. He goes on to suggest that schools should focus on what he describes as the ‘roots’ of values. In his view, these roots involve the questions ‘What is it to be human?’ and ‘What counts as human flourishing?’. Thus, schools must engage with issues of identity and direction.
Organizational structures used in software development by the U.S. aerospace industry

The U.S. aerospace industry is generally credited with developing the engineering project to the degree to which it is used today. In the 1950s, the development of large systems was accomplished primarily by project organization. Later in the 1960s and 1970s, matrix organization began to replace project organization as a means of obtaining maximum use of scarce personnel resources. In an attempt to find out more about the organizational structures used in the U.S. aerospace industry, a survey was conducted of a selected sample of the industry. This article, reporting on the results of that survey, shows that 38% of software developments are accomplished by project organization, 58% by matrix organization, and 4% by functional organization. Other organizational structures are identified and reported. A comparison is made between selected variables denoting project information and organizational type.
Characterization of RuO2 nanocrystals deposited on carbon nanotubes by reactive sputtering

We report deposition and characterization of RuO 2 nanocrystals (NCs) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering using a Ru target. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed the surface morphology of the as-deposited RuO 2 varied from nanoparticle-like to tube-like NCs as the oxygen flux increased from 2 to 10 sccm. X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the formation of pure rutile RuO 2 NCs on CNTs. The transmission electron microscopy image of RuO 2 -coated CNTs revealed that RuO 2 NCs had been deposited on the surface of the CNTs with uniform size distribution and random directions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicated the coexistence of higher oxidation states of ruthenium in the as-deposited RuO 2 NCs. The red-shifts of the peak positions and broadening of linewidths of the Raman features were attributed to both the size and residual stress effects.
Policies and Developments Relating to the Sexual Exploitation of Children: The Legacy of the Stockholm Conference

This article begins by noting the huge amount of attention that is now being paid at almost every level – international, European, national and by independent organisations and NGOs – to the growing problem of international child sexual exploitation and considers why this is the case. It then comments briefly on what we mean by ‘international sexual exploitation’, noting that different definitions are used. The main part of the article reviews developments in this field, beginning with the main international measure: the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and then goes on to review the 1996 First World Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation (the ‘Stockholm Congress’). After that some key measures subsequently adopted at international and national level, as well as by the European Union (which is increasingly taking international child sexual exploitation within its remit) are outlined. Lastly, some final thoughts are set out in the conclusion.
Spinors in Quantum Geometrical Theory

Spinors have played an essential but enigmatic role in modern physics since their discovery. Now that quantum-gravitational theories have started to become available, the inclusion of a description of spin in the development is natural and may bring about a profound understanding of the mathematical structure of fundamental physics. A program to attempt this is laid out here. Concepts from a known quantum-geometrical theory are reviewed: (1) Classical physics is replaced by a suitable geometry as a fundamental starting point for quantum mechanics. (2) In this context, a resolution is found for the enigma of wave-particle duality. (3) It is shown how to couple the quantum density to the geometrical density. (4) The mechanical gauge is introduced to allow dimensional reduction. (5) Absolute geometrical equivalence is enforced. The concordant five-dimensional quantum-geometrical theory is summarized to provide an orderly basis for the introduction of spinors. It is supposed that the Pauli--Dirac theory is adaptable. A search is begun for a description that will generate spinors as a natural tangent space. Interactions other than gravity and electrodynamics should then appear intrinsically. These are conjectured to be weak effects for electrons.
Lifshitz gravity for Lifshitz holography.

We argue that Hořava-Lifshitz (HL) gravity provides the minimal holographic dual for Lifshitz-type field theories with anisotropic scaling and a dynamical exponent z. First we show that Lifshitz spacetimes are vacuum solutions of HL gravity, without need for additional matter. Then we perform holographic renormalization of HL gravity, and show how it reproduces the full structure of the z=2 anisotropic Weyl anomaly in dual field theories in 2+1 dimensions, while its minimal relativistic gravity counterpart yields only one of two independent central charges in the anomaly.
Shared Values and Conflict

This work analyzes an apparent paradox: share values generate conflict. From an ethnographic study developed in an International Non-Governmental Organization in the city of Cordoba we show how the organizational values widely assumed by its members become factors that encourage the development of disagreements and conflicts. In this way, we support the hypothesis that share values not necessarily (only) produce consensus and cooperation, but also allow disagreement because they facilitate the observation and evaluation of organizational operations. This hypothesis becomes pertinent, in the first place, from some assumptions of the social and organizational theory which consider share values as opposite to conflict; in the second place, from the social conflict theories that tend to propose that conflict appears as the
Dynamic model of wave-particle duality and superunification

The new Dynamic Model of Wave-Particle Duality elaborated is devoted to analysis of the internal (hidden) parameters of elementary de Broglie waves (waves B) and their interrelation with external, observable ones. Dynamic model is based on assumption of alternative pulsation of sub-elementary particles, between the corpuscular [C] and wave [W] phase, each of them representing corresponding semiperiod of wave B. The triplets of sub-elementary particles form the elementary particles. The energy and impulse of sub-elementary particles and antiparticle, composing coherent pair, compensate each other. The resulting properties of each triplet: mass, spin, charge is determined by uncompensated sub-elementary particle. The model considers the positive and negative vacuum as two 'oceans' of su-perfluid quantum liquid, composed from virtual quanta of opposite energies. This interacting positive and negative vacuum, termed BI-VACUUM, is an infinitive source of bi-vacuum bosons (BVB). The spatial image of BVB is a pair of [rotor + antirotor] of opposite direction of rotation in the energetic planes of positive and negative vacuum with the radius, close to Compton radius of the electron, muon or tau-electron, depending on the resonant energetic slit value of bi-vacuum. Due to impulse and energy compensation there are no size limitations for BVB. The minimum radius of BVB may be determined by Plank's length. Such small BVB may serve as a " molecules " of bi-vacuum as a quantum superfluid liquid. The nonlocal properties of BVB are the consequence of their zero resulting impulse, responsible for their infinitive virtual wave B length and corresponding scale of PRIMORDIAL bi-vacuum Bose condensation. In SECONDARY vacuum, with symmetry, perturbed by presence of matter, the impulse of BVB becomes non zero. As a result, the infinitive virtual Bose condensate 'dissociate' to huge superfluid bi-vacuum domains. The gradient of difference of concentration of rotors and antirotors with opposite direction of rotation (virtual spin equilibrium shift), originated under the influence of rotating atoms, molecules or macro-scopic bodies-is responsible for TORSION field. The transmission of signal in form of energetic slit symmetric pulsation of bi-vacuum, representing the vacuum amplitude waves (VAW) in the membrane of 1 bi-vacuum Bose condensate is instant. It is not related with energy-impulse propagation. The Corpuscular and Wave phase of particles are considered in our model as two alternative phase of wave B, which are in dynamic equilibrium. The wave [W]-PHASE in form of cumulative virtual cloud (CVC) originates as a result of quantum beats between real …
Erratum to "Representation-theoretic support spaces for finite group schemes"

As pointed out to us by Rolf Farnsteiner, the results presented in our paper [AJM 127, pp. 379-420] require a modified definition of "abelian p -point." With this modified definition (functionally equivalent to one which we implicitly use), all of the results of our paper become valid. We make explicit this modified definition as well as those arguments which require this new definition and the modification of one proof (of Theorem 4.8) which is required.
The Mystery of "Espionage Paintings" in the Court Paintings of the Southern Song Dynasty

The author has identified some military paintings from a large number of albums of the Song Dynastybased on related historic documents of the same period. As recorded in historic texts, some court painters goodat painting landscape, figure and horse once lay hidden among the diplomatic missions of the Southern Songgovernment to the State Jin. These painters were ordered to record the topography of the State Jin and themilitary activities of the Nuzhen people. Therefore the author classified these paintings of military importancein the court paintings of the Southern Song Dynasty as "espionage paintings". This article presents the historyof "espionage paintings" development and probes the political and military background when the "espionagepaintings" appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. After a detailed study of these paintings, the authorconcludes that Yuwen Xuzhong, Xiao Zhao and Chen Juzhong are supposed to be painters of "espionagepaintings" of the Southern Song Dynasty. This is the first time to study some court paintings from military angle.
Escolha da carreira e processo de construção da identidade profissional docente

The objective of the study was to analyse the factors bearing down most strongly upon somebody choosing the teaching profession, as well as the influence of these elements in the formation of a teacher's professional identity. A descriptive method was used with a quantitative approach based on a closedended questionnaire. The sample was composed of 964 subjects and the questionnaire data analysis was performed by the Sphinx® software. The results showed a strong influence of social ideals in the concepts elaborated by the subjects when describing the teaching profession and these social ideals also influenced their choice of the profession (concepts of education linked to social redemption; an idealized vision of the practice of teaching). Also, it points out the conflicts and complexity experienced by the students, given the need to feel ready to meet the demands and requirements of the school, in the social context, and in the context of the labour market.
Hegel und der Nachweis immanenter Gründe für das Scheitern des Multikulturalismus-Projekts

The recent statements of politicians about the failure of the multiculturalism­project demand its theoretical investigation. In the paper an approach to the problem­field will be suggested that tries to indicate the defectiveness of multiculturalism in an immanent manner. In contrast to other critiques that try to show that multiculturalism is based on unreal presuppositions, here we will verify whether multiculturalism can meet its demands. Following the model of Hegel’s Phenomenology we will try to allow the position of natural consciousness to experience its mistakes by itself. The result will show the mechanism of ghetto formation, which at the same time reveals the truth of the relation between a specific culture and the individual. This relation is a process of positive assimilation which is characterised by the act of establishing something new. The multiculturalism project is thus identified as one of the last metaphysical projects in the field of political philosophy.