nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Incentives in Public and Privatized Firms under Incomplete Contracting Situations

It is argued that incentives for employees in the public service agencies will necessarily be weak because of the multiple dimensions of products, multiple principals, incomplete contract, and socializing. Some empirical studies refer to incomplete contracting situations as part of the cause of the diminishing of the public sector. This work investigates the effects of privatization and ownership shares on incentive schemes for employees who work for public or privatized firms under incomplete contracting situations. Two main results are obtained. First, the incentive intensity of public firms decreases as the government has more ownership shares, and the social benefit declines. Second, privatized firms offer their employees higher-powered incentive contracts than do public firms.
The feasibility and benefit of a brief psychosocial intervention in addition to early palliative care in patients with advanced cancer to reduce depressive symptoms: a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and potential benefit of a brief psychosocial intervention based on cognitive-behavioral therapy performed in addition to early palliative care (PC) in the reduction of depressive symptoms among patients with advanced cancer.MethodsAn open-label randomized phase II clinical trial with two intervention arms and one control group. Patients with advanced cancer starting palliative chemotherapy and who met the selection criteria were included. The participants were randomly allocated to three arms: arm A, five weekly sessions of psychosocial intervention combined with early PC; arm B, early PC only; and arm C, standard cancer treatment. Feasibility was investigated by calculating rates (%) of inclusion, attrition, and contamination (% of patients from Arm C that received PC). Scores of depression (primary aim), anxiety, and quality of life were measured at baseline and 45, 90, 120, and 180 days after randomization.ResultsFrom the total of 613 screened patients (10.3% inclusion rate), 19, 22, and 22 patients were allocated to arms A, B, and C, respectively. Contamination and attrition rates (180 days) were 31.8% and 38.0%, respectively. No interaction between the arms and treatments were found. Regarding effect sizes, there was a moderate benefit in arm A over arms B and C in emotional functioning (−0.66 and −0.61, respectively) but a negative effect of arm A over arm C in depression (−0.74).ConclusionsFuture studies to be conducted with this population group need to revise the eligibility criteria and make them less restrictive. In addition, the need for arm C is questioned due to high contamination rate. The designed psychosocial intervention was not able to reduce depressive symptoms when combined with early PC. Further studies are warrant to evaluate the intervention on-demand and in subgroups of high risk of anxiety/depression.
Wages, work intensity and unemployment in Japan, UK and USA

This paper focuses on the impact of excess labour supply on wage inflation in Japan, the US and the UK. Excess labour supply is not simply measured as officially registered unemployed persons but includes a measure of excess supply within the firm, i.e. work intensity. The empirical analysis confirms the importance of broadening the unemployment definition. Interesting differences arise in the cross-country comparison. Our key conclusions are that work intensity is an important factor in determining wage inflation, and that results based on recorded unemployment rates alone seriously underestimate the flexibility of real wages.
THE ROLE OF TRANSNATIONAL RETAIL ON FAIR TRADE DEVELOPMENT

The growth of Fair Trade (FT) market has an important impact on developing countries business environment, where multinationals companies replace the public sector improving the welfare of small producers. The paper addresses to the question: How the fair trade system, as a GVC, is organized to provide market access in the context of an emerging country? How these different chain members perceive sustainable standards set by a FT certifi cation? This paper focuses on Global Value Chains (GVC) to discuss governance and inclusion or exclusion of smallholders in global markets. The GVC typology useful to understand FT relationships, which move from market, where price is the main requirement, to tighter relationships, where trust and knowledge transfer may evolve. However, they also state that this system is co-coordinated not only by economic reasoning but also by the role of external agents and institutions. In this paper, the role of multinational retail is highlighted. Empirical evidence is provided by a case study from a FT fruit supply chain, where producers are located in Brazil and the buyer (a retailer) in the United Kingdom. In our study, the power asymmetry existent between buyer and supplier is clear but there is interdependence due to the lack of certifi ed producers. In this sense, the retail fi lls an institutional void on setting sustainable standards for the small producers in an emerging country context.
Nurses' collaboration with physicians in managing medication improves patient outcome in acute psychiatric care.

The aim of the present paper was to examine the impact of nurses' collaboration with physicians in medication management on patient outcome in acute psychiatric care. Data for 143 patients with schizophrenia were assessed based on information given by nurses and physicians in charge. Twenty-two patients were defined as a collaborative group when physicians changed medication after receiving reports that nurses perceived the necessity to change. A control group was formed from the 50 patients when nurses perceived the necessity to change medication but did not tell physicians, or nurses advised of the necessity to physicians but medication was not changed. Physicians retrospectively evaluated patients' social functioning and acceptance of medication at admission and discharge. Social functioning was measured by Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and acceptance of medication by a single item using Japanese version of Schedule for Assessment of Insight (SAI-J). Changes in the scores from admission to discharge on GAF and acceptance of medication were defined as outcome measures. Nurses recognized the necessity to change medication for patients with frequent aggressive behavior and younger age. Compared with the control group, the collaborative group had less instruction for use of drugs, and more perceived necessity to decrease the current dose or the number of drugs because of stable symptoms. The collaborative group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in social functioning. The collaborative group improved acceptance of medication, although there were no significant differences between the two groups. Nurses' collaboration with physicians in medication management improved patient outcome in acute psychiatric care.
Kelly, Mark G.E., The Political Philosophy of Michel Foucault

ark G. E. Kelly’s The Political Philosophy of Michel Foucault delivers a promising exposition of what can possibly be conceived as political philosophy based on Foucault’s work that can be made coherent and applicable. Although such a project of producing a theory of power does not appear to be among Foucault’s primary objectives apparently because as a philosopher he would have wanted to keep his distance from traditional political theorists and be read “with new eyes,” that is, without the unnecessary intellectual baggage, Kelly still believes that it is a project that is attainable and within reach, and from it, a Foucaultian political philosophy can emerge without compromising Foucault’s uniqueness and distance from other intellectuals. Kelly hopes, of course, that this does not undermine Foucault’s original intentions, but he seeks to benefit readers by clarifying precisely where Foucault situates himself in the history of political thought. Kelly also claims that despite the fact that many have been inspired to give their commentaries on Foucault, especially on the issue of power, only a few authors dared to venture on telling something new, including addressing this issue of a potential coherent theory of power.2 Among the many misconceptions about Foucault, addressed by Kelly in his opening remarks, is the thought of associating him with “academic” and the “traditional” approaches or tendencies, ranging from disguised moral philosophies, to neo-Marxism, to philosophies that deliberately seek to indoctrinate certain anti-state ideologies. What Foucault’s work seeks to accomplish, Kelly says, is to “understand politics” by way of re-elaborating the notion of power and to “consciously [undertake] the role of an intervention in the political.”3 Although Foucault’s work without a doubt has far reaching “political” consequences, it practically revolves around the theme of how individuals may traverse within the given relations of power.
Does Implementing a B2B Electronic Money C Plan Benefit Working Capital Management?

Recently, banks and enterprises are gradually involved in B2B electronic money C Plan abbreviated as electronic money. However, few articles have related e-commerce to the financial area. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between financial characteristics and implementing electronic money by e-commerce, and whether implementing electronic money will affect the firm value and working capital management. The important results are described as follows: 1.We find that the companies with trouble in cash flow will stress on electronic money due to the negative relationship between cash flow and implementing electronic money. 2. Implementing electronic money will raise the turnover ratio of inventory (i.e. implementing electronic money will benefit the working capital management of electronic companies in Taiwan).
Vibrational Raman modes and particle size analysis of cupric oxide with calcination temperature

In this work a study of the effect of the synthesis conditions on the vibratory and particle size properties in the cupric oxide (CuO) has been presented. The synthesis has been carried out by the polymeric precursor method without modifying the PH in the process, this being a low cost method. The samples obtained have been subjected to several calcination temperatures, 450 °C, 550 °C, 650 °C and 800 °C. In particle analysis by X-ray, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and statistical it has been observed that for very low or very high calcination temperatures the particle size increases, finding 650 °C as the best calcination temperature. In the Raman spectra, the Ag and Bg vibration have been presented in the samples, with the peaks being narrower for the temperature of 450 °C.
Small business credit availability and relationship lending: the importance of bank organizational structure

This paper models the inner workings of relationship lending, the implications for bank organizational structure, and the effects of shocks to the economic environment on the availability of relationship credit to small businesses. Relationship lending depends on the accumulation over time by the loan officer of "soft" information. Because the loan officer is the repository of this soft information, agency problems are created throughout the organization that are best resolved by structuring the bank as a small, closely-held organization with few managerial layers. The shocks analyzed include technological innovations, regulatory regime shifts, banking industry consolidation, and monetary policy shocks.
Anisotropic static solutions in modelling highly compact bodies

Einstein field equations for static anisotropic spheres are solved and exact interior solutions obtained. This paper extends earlier treatments to include anisotropic models which accommodate a wider variety of physically viable energy densities. Two classes of solutions are possible. The first class contains the limiting caseμ,∝ r-2 for the energy density which arises in many astrophysical applications. In the second class the singularity at the centre of the star is not present in the energy density.
Gender differences in hospital admissions for major cardiovascular events and procedures in people with and without diabetes in England: a nationwide study 2004–2014

BackgroundSecondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has improved immensely during the past decade but controversies persist on cardiovascular benefits among women with diabetes. We investigated 11-year trends in hospital admission rates for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in people with and without diabetes by gender in England.MethodsWe identified all hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease causes among people aged 17 years and above between 2004 and 2014 in England. We calculated diabetes-specific and non-diabetes-specific rates for study outcomes by gender. To assess temporal changes, we fitted negative binomial regression models.ResultsDiabetes-related admission rates remained unchanged for AMI (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.99 [95% CI 0.98–1.01]), increased for stroke by 2% (1.02 [1.01–1.03]) and PCI by 3% (1.03 [1.01–1.04]) and declined for CABG by 3% (0.97 [0.96–0.98]) annually. Trends did not differ significantly by diabetes status. Women with diabetes had significantly lower rates of AMI (IRR 0.46 [95% CI 0.40–0.53]) and stroke (0.73 [0.63–0.84]) compared with men with diabetes. However, gender differences in admission rates for AMI attenuated in diabetes compared with the non-diabetic group. While diabetes tripled admission rates for AMI in men (IRR 3.15 [95% CI 2.72–3.64]), it increased it by over fourfold among women (4.27 [3.78–4.93]). Furthermore, while the presence of diabetes was associated with a threefold increased rates for PCI and fivefold increased rates for CABG (IRR 3.14 [2.83–3.48] and 5.01 [4.59–5.05], respectively) in men, among women diabetes was associated with a 4.4-fold increased admission rates for PCI and 6.2-fold increased rates for CABG (4.37 [3.93–4.85] and 6.24 [5.66–6.88], respectively). Proportional changes in rates were similar in men and women for all study outcomes, leaving the relative risk of admissions unchanged.ConclusionsDiabetes still confers a greater increase in risk of hospital admission for AMI in women relative to men. However, the absolute risk remains higher in men. These results call for intensified CVD risk factor management among people with diabetes, consideration of gender-specific treatment targets and treatment intensity to be aligned with levels of CVD risk.
The role of ideology in disagreements among economists: A quantitative analisis

How justified is the charge that ideology strongly influences the allegedly objective opinions of economists? An analysis of a new survey of AEA members and of surveys by Fuchs et al of labor economists and public economists shows that value judgments and judgments about the government''s efficacy have some influence on the way economists think about what should be purely economic issues. But such influence is not strong enough to explain much of the disagreement among economists.
International Identity in Theory and Practice: The Case of the Modern American Presidency

Scholars have devoted considerable attention to the concept of national identity. In a globalizing world, however, identity is increasingly shaped not only by one's own nation but also by foreign nations. With this in mind, this study theorizes international identity as a communicative process. We propose four features of international identity—that it is distinct, relational, contextual, and stratified—and examine these features in one crucial context: the modern American presidency. Our content analysis of every mention of a foreign entity in 74 years worth of presidential discourse—2480 mentions in all—supports our conception of international identity and begins to identify the parameters of this construct in American political communication.
Role of urea on recombinant Apo A-I stability and its utilization in anion exchange chromatography.

Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) is an important lipid-binding protein involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol. High protein purity, in particular with respect to endotoxins is required for therapeutic applications. The use of urea during the purification process of recombinant Apo A-I produced in Escherichia coli has been suggested so as to provide high endotoxin clearance. In this work, we show that urea can be used as a sole modifier during the ion exchange chromatographic purification of Apo A-I and we investigate the molecular mechanism of elution by correlating the effect of urea on self-association, conformation and adsorption equilibrium properties of a modified model Apo A-I. In the absence of urea the protein was found to be present as a population of oligomers represented mainly by trimers, hexamers and nonamers. The addition of urea induced oligomer dissociation and protein structure unfolding. We correlated the changes in protein association and conformation with variations of the adsorption equilibrium of the protein on a strong anion exchanger. It was confirmed that the adsorption isotherms, described by a Langmuir model, were dependent on both protein and urea concentrations. Monomers, observed at low urea concentration (0.5M), were characterized by larger binding affinity and adsorption capacity compared to both protein oligomers (0M) and unfolded monomers (2-8M). The reduction of both the binding strength and maximum adsorption capacity at urea concentrations larger than 0.5M explains the ability of urea of inducing elution of the protein from the ion exchange resin. The dissociation of the protein complexes occurring during the elution could likely be the origin of the effective clearance of endotoxins originally trapped inside the oligomers.
Lithology,Porosity Characteristics and Evolution Model of Volcanic Rocks in Northwest Junggar Basin

This paper studied the lithologic characteristics,porosity and its evaluation,forming mechanisms of six kinds of volcanic rocks,and analyzed the evaluation history and the key factors about the main volcanic reservoirs,including andesite,basalt and tuff,etc.It is concluded that the volcanic rocks itself could not become reservoirs unless being reformed by erosion and tectonic movement.The evolution history of the volcanic rocks goes through five stages,the forming stage,the weathering and leaching stage,the burial and tectonic-reforming stage,the erosion stage and the oil and gas accumulation stage.Finally,the model of porosity evolution was set up with andesite and basalt as examples.
Welttheater : Hofmannsthal, Richard von Kralik, and the revival of Catholic drama in Austria, 1890-1934

Hugo von Hofmannsthal had a lifelong fascination with the theatrum mundi topos. Judith Beniston analyses his changing responses to it against an unfamiliar backdrop - the revival of Catholic drama which, from the 1890s onwards, accompanied the rise of Austria's Christian Social party. The solipsism of Jung Wien' and the conservative modernism of the Salzburg Festival are juxtaposed with the career of Richard von Kralik (1852-1934), the key figure in Austria's Catholic literary culture from 1890 to 1934. This study offers close readings of Das kleine Welttheater and Das Salzburger grosse Welttheater, and explores the ramifications of the fascination with the notion of Welttheater which Hofmannsthal and Kralik shared. In juxtaposing elite and popular culture, Beniston sheds new light on a neglected aspect of Austrian cultural history, on the selectivity of Hofmannsthal's approach towards Austria's Baroque tradition, and on the difficulties he faced in his attempt to assimilate his own work into it.
An investigation for benefits of cyber-physical systems in higher education courses

With being used of steam powered machines in manufacturing, first industry revolution launched. After that, industry has continued to develop with the aid of engineering education in universities. The developed industry brought along new searching topics and also new engineering areas. With the adaptation of industry and engineering education new revolutions occurred. Today, industry 4 is actualizing with being used cyber-physical systems in manufacturing. In this paper the need for cyber-physical systems in higher engineering education, and its advantages are represented.
Automated component-handling system for education and research in mechatronics

Mechatronic practitioners are engaged in the assembly and maintenance of complex machines, plants and systems in the engineering sector or in organisations which purchase and operate such mechatronic systems. Mechatronics, often described as the synergy of mechanical, computer systems and electronic technologies, is increasingly being singled out as a core focus by both the education and business sectors. This international trend is also evident in South Africa and Engineering Faculties now have to provide students with the opportunity not only to acquire theoretical knowledge in Mechatronics but also to develop skills in implementing and designing mechatronics systems.
Agitating Images: Photography against History in Indigenous Siberia

Agitating images: photography against history in indigenous Siberia, by Craig Campbell, Minneapolis and London, University of Minnesota Press, 2014, xx + 267 pp., US$27.00 (pbk), ISBN 978-0-816-68106-8Craig Campbell's book Agitating Images takes as its starting point the photographs that document the encounter between the indigenous peoples of Siberia and Soviet cultural engineers intent on portraying them as uncivilized and on chronicling their own attempts at civilizing Siberia. Rather than provide a linear account of this process, Campbell engages with archival theory to show the ways in which these photographs complicate our attempts to create a holistic narrative.The book is split into two main sections as well as a brief prologue and introduction. In the prologue, Campbell lays out his understanding of the role of the photograph in writing history: "photographs are agents provocateurs. They pose (or are posed) as media amenable to interpretation and the inscription of meaning, whereas in actuality they undermine meaning and interpretation and the ascription of meaning, by indexing the irreducible meaninglessness of the everyday" (xiv). Photographs, in Campbell's view, are not self-evident snapshots of an indexical truth, but deconstructive mysteries. Archives, too, are not mere repositories for collections of these celluloid truths, but capricious and labyrinthine problems.The book's first section, "The Years Are Like Centuries", deals with the setting up of the Soviet culture bases (complex Soviet entities, of which more later) and their various attempts at modernizing the ways of the indigenous Siberian people. Photographs documented native Siberians in their original state (as the Soviets saw it: impoverished, uncultured, merely subsisting) as well as Siberians receiving the benefits of Soviet ideology and welfare. The first section will likely be of use to researchers focusing on indigenous Siberia and Soviet attempts at social engineering, whether said researchers are interested in photography or not.If the first section establishes the facts and background of this situation, the second returns to the more ruminative, theoretical mode established in the prologue. It orchestrates an encounter between the photograph and the photographic archive that will be of interest to those concerned with philosophical figures such as Walter Benjamin and Jacques Derrida. As Campbell progresses to this second section, personal commentary begins to creep in: he describes aspects of his own work with archives; serial numbers on a stack of papers, files full of dog-eared photographs, illegible handwritten notes on their reverse.