nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Double Perspective: Arab Mathematics and Renaissance Art

This article deals with the transfer of Arab visual theory to the West. It is little known that visual theory in the West was based on The Book of Optics by Ibn al Haithan, also known as Alhazen, and was translated into Latin as Perspectiva. The article therefore speaks of a double perspective, one of visual theory (Arab optics), and the other of pictorial theory (Renaissance perspective in art). The main argument identifies the importance of Arab optics that led to realism in Renaissance art. However, the concept of geometry in Arab optics must be distinguished from its representational function in Western visual culture.
Self heating efficiency of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles: A comparative investigation on the conventional and microwave combustion method

In the present study, we have focused on opuntia dilenii haw mediated green synthesis of cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles through microwave combustion method (MCM) and it is further compared with the conventional combustion method (CCM). The effect on structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated systematically. In addition, the efficiency of self heating measurements was investigated for hyperthermia applications. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the formation of single phase crystalline nature of CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. The crystallite size of 58 nm and 49 nm is obtained for CCM and MCM respectively. The functional groups occurred at 597 cm −1 , 599 cm −1 , 427 cm −1 and 437 cm −1 that corresponds to Fe-O and Co-O bands at tetrahedral and octahedral sites are analyzed by FT-IR studies. Scanning electron microscopy images of the samples revealed the morphology as spherical with the average particle size range of 40–200 nm. The existence of Co, Fe, O present in the sample is confirmed by EDX analysis which shows the purity of the samples. UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is used to analyze the optical band gap energy of the samples estimated from Kubelka-Munk function as 2.01 eV, 1.93 eV for CCM and MCM respectively. The structural defects present in the samples are investigated by photoluminescence studies and the samples emit the light at two different wavelengths of 494 nm, and 621 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometer is carried out to analyze the magnetic properties of the samples at room temperature. The saturation magnetization of the CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles is found to be 77.29 emu/g and 68.76 emu/g for MCM and CCM respectively. The results obtained in this work suggested that the value of crystallite size, particle size, band gap value, luminescence intensities, and coercivity values increases with an increase in calcination temperature in conventional combustion method. Specific absorption rate (SAR) increases with a decrease in the crystallite size and particle size in microwave combustion method. The gradual increase in SAR is due to the hysteresis loss that occurs because of the ferromagnetic nature obtained by the microwave combustion method. An overview of the present work gives a summary on the green synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, which provides comprehensive evaluation of hyperthermia through self heating process. Finally, from our results, the SAR obtained by microwave combustion method has higher efficiency compared to the conventional combustion method.
Transcending the Gothic: 'The Extravagancies of Blackwood'

Most critics who mention the particular breed of terror fiction found in the early issues of Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine in the beginning of the nineteenth century, praise them as being extremely influential on writers as famous as Charles Dickens, the Bronte siblings, Henry James and especially Edgar Allan Poe. Robert Morrison and Chris Baldick in their 1995 collection Tales of Terror from Blackwood’s Magazine describe these tales as the missing link between the Gothic tradition of the late eighteenth century and Poe’s short horror fiction. However, there exists today next to no analyses on the actual tales themselves. 

This thesis focuses in detail on the problems that arise when comparing the Blackwood’s tales of terror with the eighteenth-century Gothic. By identifying the narrative modes, the themes used, as well as the contemporary political and cultural motivation of the writers, this study endeavours to understand the reasons for why these tales appeared and also flourished, when and where they did. The author explores the idea that the Blackwood’s tales were not so much a continuation of the Gothic tradition as a conscious move away from it; a shift in the genre from a mode of stylised romance and elevated virtue, to a deeply psychological interest in the darker sides of the human mind that foreshadows famous Victorian works like Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde and Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray. By looking at contemporary ‘street literature’, here in the form of broadsides, the analysis identifies popular themes that were used to great success in the Blackwood’s tales. The thesis shows that the early tales of terror in Blackwood’s Magazine were sensationalist pieces of fiction elaborately constructed to suit the magazine format and tie in with its high-Tory politics.
COSMOPOLITANISM AS SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON AMERICAN LIFE IN THE ERA OF 1980-1990s THROUGH RAE LAWRENCE'S JACQUELINE SUSSAN'S SHADOW OF THE DOLLS Paham Kosmopolitan Sebagai Perspektif Masyarakat Pada Kehidupan Bangsa Amerika Di Masa 1980-1990an Melalui Novel Jacqueline Sussan's Shadow of the

This article discusses cosmopolitanism as sociological perspective on American life in the era of 19801990s through Rae Lawrence’s Jacqueline Sussan’s Shadow of the Dolls. This article has two questions asked as the main problems which are also be the main goals in doing the research. The first question asks about the characters’ life styles. The second question is about American perspective on cosmopolitanism in certain era based on the novel. This research uses sociology perspective in understanding the form of cosmopolitanism from the characters’ life styles based on Swingewoods’ theory. This research is a qualitative research and a documentary method is used to collect the data, as well as the inductive method which is used to analyze the subject matters. After doing the research, we found that the characters in the novel are represented as cosmopolitan who have their own choices in life. Besides, we also found that life styles as society’s perspective lead society to choose cosmopolitan as their way of life.
Judiciaries in Comparative Perspective: Table of statutes

Part I: 1. Judicial independence and accountability: core values in liberal democracies Shimon Shetreet Part II: 2. Appointment, discipline and removal of judges in Australia H. P. Lee 3. Appointment, discipline and removal of judges in Canada Martin Friedland 4. Appointment, discipline and removal of judges in New Zealand Philip Joseph 5. Appointment, discipline and removal of judges in South Africa Hugh Corder 6. Appointment, discipline and removal of judges - fundamental reforms in the United Kingdom Kate Malleson 7. Judicial selection, removal and discipline in the United States Mark Tushnet Part III: 8. Judges' freedom of speech:  Judges and free speech in New Zealand The Hon. Grant Hammond 11. The judiciary and freedom of speech in South Africa Iain Currie 12. Judges and free speech in the United Kingdom Keith Ewing 13. The criticism and speech of judges in the United States Charles Gardner Geyh Part IV: 14. Judges, bias and recusal in Australia Colin Campbell 15. Judges, bias and recusal in Canada Lorne Soissin 16. Judicial recusal in New Zealand Gerard McCoy 17. Judges, bias and recusal in South Africa The Hon. Kate O'Regan and The Hon. Edwin Cameron 18. Judges, bias and recusal in the United Kingdom Christopher Forsyth 19. Bias, the appearance of bias, and judicial disqualification in the United States W. W. Hodes Part V: 20. Judges and non-judicial functions in Australia Patrick Emerton and H. P. Lee 21. The impact of extra-judicial service on the Canadian judiciary: the need for reform Patrick Monahan and Byron Shaw 22. Judges and the non-judicial function in New Zealand Sir Geoffrey Palmer 23. Judges and non-judicial functions in South Africa Cora Hoexter 24. Judges and non-judicial functions in the United Kingdom Abimbola Olowofoyeku 25. Judges and non-judicial functions in the United States Jeffrey M. Shaman Part VI: 26. The judiciary - a comparative conspectus H. P. Lee.
The Evolution of the US Advisory Effort in Viet Nam : Lessons Learned

Accounts of human rights abuses and stories of shooting incidents have dominated the image of the private security industry in the media. Despite plenty of anecdotal evidence, to date there has been no empirical research analyzing whether there is a professional identity emerging among individuals who sign on with private security firms to assume roles traditionally reserved for the military. Using a survey of more than 200 American private security contractors with law enforcement backgrounds and operational experience in conflict regions, this research explores their social identities and examines the extent to which these identities shape their values, attitudes, and professional self-conceptions. It concludes with some preliminary recommendations for the future of outsourcing security functions to the private sector and the utility of using contractors in peace and stability operations.
Making Monkeys of Important Men

This essay explores a unique and undervalued text by Rochester, Alexander Bendo’s Brochure (1676). More exactly, it focuses on a wholly unconsidered element of this satire: its live enactment. Rochester not only wrote using the persona of Dr. Alexander Bendo, an Italian Mountebank, but for several weeks in the City of London he played the part of Bendo as well. I argue that the theatrical presentation must take precedence over the textual presentation in our assessment of this work, and that Rochester’s piece is best studied as a performance satire. Rochester’s staging of Bendo is a striking example of seventeenth-century libertine culture combining political and social critique with the sensuous experience of baroque theatricality. Moreover, in their condemnation of the politics of Charles II, Rochester’s dramatic and printed texts enact important innova tions in the practice of early modern satire as a means to comment on the emerging modern state. In substance and mood, Rochester’s innovations anticipate certain kinds of political satire seen on television today.
Discovery of Proterozpic Strate and Their Significancein West Qinling Area

On the basis that the results of 1:50000-scale regional geological and geological research,In accordance with rock compose,degree of metamorphism and deformation,forming age etc,Wujiashan Rock Group of north area in West Qinling shall be Proterozoic strate,It is belong to base rock of north area in West Qinling.The opinion have a important significance in research the formation and evolution of crust in West Qinling area.
Landscape Iconography in the Novels of Nadine Gordimer

Nadine Gordimer’s extraordinarily evocative depictions of the African landscape have attracted both considerable admiration and the most dismissive scorn as mere ‘verbal photography’ and ‘local colour’.2 However, the extent to which such descriptive passages both reflect a firmly established though barely acknowledged tradition of landscape representation within South African English-language fiction as a whole, and also express the particular dimensions of her own unique experience of the South African landscape as first apprehended in childhood, and then transformed by the imperatives of her political and ideological project in the novels, has barely been
Neuropathic pain in cancer patients--prevalence and management in a tertiary care anesthesia-run referral clinic based in urban India.

Cancer pain is often intractable and has a considerable impact on the quality of life. Nociceptive pain is easily recognized and managed using conventional analgesics. The neuropathic component makes cancer pain difficult to manage. The epidemiology of neuropathic pain in cancer patients has not been well documented.



This retrospective study attempted to discern the prevalence of neuropathic pain over a period of 2 years, in cancer patients at the Pain and Palliative Care Clinic of a tertiary care cancer center in India. The study also aimed to describe the approach to neuropathic cancer pain alleviation.



A retrospective analysis of 3238 cancer patients who presented with complaints of pain during 2006-2008 was undertaken. Findings including type and intensity of pain, initial evaluation, treatment initiated, and other associated symptoms were recorded at the initial visit and 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months thereafter. Pain with a burning, radiating, or shooting component was considered to be neuropathic.



The prevalence of neuropathic pain in cancer pain patients was found to be 11.8%. Oral morphine emerged as the commonest cancer pain management modality (95.8% of patients). However, 29.89% of our patients with neuropathic pain required interventional blocks for adequate pain relief.



The present study highlights the significance of neuropathic pain as an integral component of cancer pain and further provides insight into its management.
A PROCESS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STUDY APPLIED TO THE LABORATORY OF INTEGRATION AND TESTING OF THE NATIONAL SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (LIT/INPE)

Process Science and Technology and Design and Process Science are used as synonyms in this work to designate an innovative and transdisciplinary study and research branch that consists of the integration of concepts, methods, and tools used for modeling, simulation, automation and management of processes, and of their application to solve business process problems in general. This work proposes a unified approach for conducting a Process Science and Technology study based on the integrated use of three techniques: Unified Conceptual Modeling, Process Simulation, and Business Process Management. The approach covers the development of the whole process model life cycle and its potentialities are demonstrated by its application on a real case study, the Laboratory of Integration and Testing of the National Space Research Institute, Brazil.
Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients Attending a Primary Health Care Setting in Qatar: A Study on Medication Use Pattern and Clinical Outcomes.

burdensome and expensive chronic diseases worldwide.  A strategy of therapy management is required by using resources efficiently and effectively to optimize the escalating medical costs associated with the management of DM.  There are several studies related to DM that have been conducted in Qatar, but none looked at the impact of insulin-containing regimens vs. oral anti-diabetic therapy on economic and clinical outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus management in a primary health care setting.  Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Patients Attending a Primary Health Care Setting  A Study on Medication Use Pattern and Clinical Outcomes
Preparation of carbon nanoparticles and nanofibers by a simple microwave based method and studying the field emission properties

A novel, simple and fast method for preparation of graphitic nanostructures such as nanofibers and nanospheres which uses a standard microwave oven is described. In this method polystyrene is used as carbon source and a solid metal such as nickel or iron provides both the trigger to initiate the plasma, as well as a source for sputtering catalyst particles which are required for formation of nanofibers. The mechanism of this process is discussed through analysis of different properties of the resulting products, by examining the effect of changing the microwave processing time and the nature of the metallic trigger/catalyst source. The effect of morphology of nanoparticles (nanofibers vs. nanospheres), as well as the effect of trigger/catalyst material and the deposition method on electron field emission properties of these samples, are also investigated.
Interfacial reactions in Ti/SiC layered films with and without thin diffusion barriers

Al 2 O 3 , TiB x , VB x , and TaB x ( x 2 O 3 and TiB x -show effectiveness in slowing the interdiffusion and reaction of titanium and SiC under normal vacuum annealing at 820°C. None of the four materials shows any significant effect on the reaction in rapid thermal annealings at 900 and 1000°C, most probably owing due to thermal shock influences on the thin film system. The first product of the reaction between titanium and SiC is Ti 5 Si 3 , regardless of barrier.
A Workflow for Fast Evaluation of Mapping Heuristics Targeting Cloud Infrastructures

Resource allocation is today an integral part of cloud infrastructures management to efficiently exploit resources. Cloud infrastructures centers generally use custom built heuristics to define the resource allocations. It is an immediate requirement for the management tools of these centers to have a fast yet reasonably accurate simulation and evaluation platform to define the resource allocation for cloud applications. This work proposes a framework allowing users to easily specify mappings for cloud applications described in the AMALTHEA format used in the context of the DreamCloud European project and to assess the quality for these mappings. The two quality metrics provided by the framework are execution time and energy consumption.
The discrete parts of approximately decidable sets in Euclidean spaces

It is shown that the classes of discrete parts, A ∩ ℕk, of approximately resp. weakly decidable subsets of Euclidean spaces, A ⊆ ℝk, coincide and are equal to the class of ω-r. e. sets which is well-known as the first transfinite level in Ershov's hierarchy exhausting Δ02.
Impact of mergers on firm's performance: An analysis of the Indian telecom industry

Mergers and Acquisitions (MandA) are the leading corporate strategies followed by organizations looking for improved value creation and profitability. This research paper aims to study the impact of types of mergers on the performance of Indian Telecom industry, by examining some pre and post-merger financial and operating variables. For the purpose of the study, companies which have been merged during the period 2001-02 to 2007-08 have been selected. The present study is an endeavor to find out the impact of type of mergers on the post-merger performance compared with pre-merger performance. The scope of the study is restricted to Indian Telecom sector.
Firms as Financial Intermediaries: Evidence from Trade Credit Data

The authors argue that non-financial firms act as intermediaries, by channeling short-term funds from the financial institutions in an economy, to their best use. Non-financial firms act in this way because they may have a comparative advantage in exploiting informal means of ensuring that borrowers repay. These considerations suggest that to optimally exploit their advantage in providing trade credit to some classes of borrowers, firms should obtain external financing from financial intermediaries, and markets, when this is efficient. Thus the existence of a large banking system is consistent with these considerations. Using firm-level data for thirty nine countries, the authors compute turnovers in payables, and receivables, and examine how they differ across financial systems. They find that the development level of a country's legal infrastructure, and banking system predicts the use of trade credit. Firms' use of bank debt is higher relative to their use of trade credit in countries with efficient legal systems. Bur firms in countries with large, privately owned banking systems, offer more financing to their customers, and take more financing from them. The authors' findings suggest that trade credit is a complement to lending by financial intermediaries, and should not be viewed by policymakers as a substitute.
Mobile Governance in Indian Urban Local Bodies: An Exploratory Study

This paper attempts to collate and derive insights from various initiatives on mobile governance by Urban and local bodies in India. The first generation e-governance initiatives by urban local bodies resulted in computerization of the legacy systems/practices in government with limited ability to internalize the advances in information and communication technologies (ICT). The paradigm shift from e-governance tom-governance results in radical differences in the key processes of creating, maintenance and usage of knowledge, creation of secure mobile transaction and delivery system, establishment of the appropriate infrastructural support for multi-mode direct citizen interface and delivery mechanisms. The paper identifies the various mobile app use case scenarios for residents, urban local body managers, system integrators, telcos, data services provider, and other stakeholders. Based on these mobile apps, it is attempted to classify the cities in various categories.
The Existing State and Future Problems of a Robotization in Construction

This report shows the matters which are investigated and analyzed in `Robotics Commitee in Construction' of `Japan Society of Civil Engineers'. This Commitee, consists of many authorities, has worked on a wide variety of technical problems since 1981; such as safety control and saving time in construction works, systematization, automatization and robotization of control skills. The work on this report is one of these researching activities. It can be understood the recent attitude of the Japanese constructin industry toward the idea of robotization and automatization. Following describe the results of analysis on robotizations and automatizations in three different aspects. 1) Automatization and robotization nowadays in nine points of view. 2) Automatization and robotization of respective work in construction. 3) The analysis and future problems of automatization and robotization in construction.
The exploration of hotel reference prices under dynamic pricing scenarios and different forms of competition

The reference price, used by consumers to evaluate market prices, has tremendous relevance in dynamic pricing. Reconciling current heterogeneous theories and studies on reference prices, this paper analyzes the impact of hotel price sequences on consumers’ reference prices through a lab and a field experiment. Experiment 1 tests the importance of retrospective price evaluations, while Experiment 2 evaluates the impact of three forms of competition: (i) simultaneous behavior, where firms adjust prices simultaneously; (ii) leader–follower behavior, where one firm acts as the leader; and (iii) independent behavior, where each player takes its rival's strategy as given and seeks to maximize its own profits. The results show that consumers decrease their reference price when competing hotels adjust their prices simultaneously. Relevant managerial implications are drawn for the hospitality industry, which is affected by the presence of online travel agencies that announce the daily rates offered by each competitor.