nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Proceedings Combined 21st International Workshop on Expressiveness in Concurrency and 11th Workshop on Structural Operational Semantics, EXPRESS 2014, and 11th Workshop on Structural Operational Semantics, SOS 2014, Rome, Italy, 1st September 2014

This volume contains the proceedings of the Combined 21st International Workshop on Expressiveness in Concurrency and the 11th Workshop on Structural Operational Semantics (EXPRESS/SOS 2014) which was held on 1st September 2014 in Rome, Italy, as an affiliated workshop of CONCUR 2014, the 25th International Conference on Concurrency Theory. 
The EXPRESS workshops aim at bringing together researchers interested in the expressiveness of various formal systems and semantic notions, particularly in the field of concurrency. Their focus has traditionally been on the comparison between programming concepts (such as concurrent, functional, imperative, logic and object-oriented programming) and between mathematical models of computation (such as process algebras, Petri nets, event structures, modal logics, and rewrite systems) on the basis of their relative expressive power. The EXPRESS workshop series has run successfully since 1994 and over the years this focus has become broadly construed. 
The SOS workshops aim at being a forum for researchers, students and practitioners interested in new developments, and directions for future investigation, in the field of structural operational semantics. One of the specific goals of the SOS workshop series is to establish synergies between the concurrency and programming language communities working on the theory and practice of SOS. Reports on applications of SOS to other fields are also most welcome, including: modelling and analysis of biological systems, security of computer systems programming, modelling and analysis of embedded systems, specification of middle-ware and coordination languages, programming language semantics and implementation, static analysis software and hardware verification, and semantics for domain-specific languages and model-based engineering.
The Supply of Catastrophe Insurance Under Regulatory Constraints

Klein and Kleindorfer provide a brief overview of the current extent of their research on this topic. The intent of this research is to empirically address interactions across the multiple stakeholders in the Catastrophe Insurance Business, i.e. homeowners, businesses, insurers, reinsurers, the construction and real estate sector, and regulatory institutions. Their analysis is aimed at addressing three questions: What is the structure and performance of the catastrophe insurance market? How do factors such as, interdependencies, profits, risk exposures, and distribution impact the performance of the market? What is the impact of regulation of this market on pricing adequacy, pricing precision, and financial risk? What is the current state of the market, and what future sustainable states of the market are possible? This paper is primarily devoted to describing what authors consider to be the structural drivers of supply and demand and the impact of regulatory controls. These drivers are: "Demand structure" (i.e. why consumers buy what they do) obviously contains several components. Items such as location, demography, price, policy features such as the presence of absence of bundling, "quality" effects such as perceived solvency and claims processes, and finally, how products are distributed, all impact consumer choice. In addition, consumers have other risk management options open to them, the most obvious being where to live, what type of construction to choose and what type of "mitigation", if any to employ. "Supply Structure" describes how the consumer business of insurance is conducted. Salient features would be the degree of competition, geography, profitability, solvency, exposure, loss costs, marketing costs, organizational form, financial structure, and regulatory/solvency constraints. Obviously, insurance companies attempt to maximize profits in the face of these variables "Regulatory Impact" on such things as pricing adequacy, pricing precision, and financial risk has important effects on all parties. In particular the freedom to manage ones risk exposure is critical to everyone from the individual consumer to the largest company, and regulation may produce. In an analysis to come later, the researchers will utilize detailed premium record data obtained from ISO on insurance transactions, supplemented by information on expected costs for different policies and risk characteristics. The data will, for the first time, provide and empirically grounded understanding of the supply and demand for CAT-related coverage provided in residential insurance policies. The study will seek to identify the factors that most affect supply and demand and the magnitudes of their relative effects, including the pricing of CAT coverage and alternative policy provisions.
On inserter regularization method

There exist certain intrinsic relations between the ultraviolet divergent graphs and the convergent ones at the same loop order in renormalizable quantum field theories. Whereupon we present a new method, the inserter regularization method, to regulate those divergent graphs. In this letter, we demonstrate this method with the φ theory and QED at the one loop order. Some applications to SUSY-models are also made at the one loop order, which shows that supersymmetry is preserved manifestly and consistently. Talk by H.Y.Guo at ITP workshop on Gauge Theory and WZW model during Dec. 5-10, also a concise version of hep-th/9412034. Permanent address.  hyguo@itp.ac.cn, caiyu@itp.ac.cn and tenghb@itp.ac.cn for HYG, YC, and HBT respectively.
Parametric studies of carbon nitride thin films deposited by reactive pulsed laser ablation

We report on parametric studies of CNx films deposited by excimer laser ablation of graphite targets in molecular nitrogen atmosphere as a function of gas pressure and laser fluence values. Substrates were Si single crystals at room temperature. Deposition rates decrease with increasing nitrogen pressure. The N/C atomic ratio generally increases with increasing nitrogen pressure and laser fluence, N atoms are mainly bonded to C atoms in the sp2 and sp3 bonding states. At relatively high pressure and laser fluences about 40 percent of the C atoms and about 50 percent of the N atoms are bounded in the C-N single bonds, generally attributed to the (beta) -C3N4 compound.
The provenance of Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous clastic sediments offshore southwestern Nova Scotia

Jurassic and Cretaceous sandstones in the Shelburne subbasin and Fundy Basin offshore Nova Scotia, are poorly known but are of current interest for petroleum exploration. The goal of this study is to determine the provenance of sandstones and shales, which will contribute to a better understanding of regional tectonics and paleogeography in the study area. Mineral and lithic clast chemistry was determined from samples from conventional cores and cuttings from exploration wells, using scanning electron microscopy and an electron microprobe. Whole-rock geochemical composition of shales was used to test the hypotheses regarding provenance of Mesozoic clastic sedimentary rocks in the SW Scotian Basin. Lower Jurassic clastic sedimentary rocks in the Fundy Basin contain magnetite, biotite, and chlorite, suggesting local supply from the North Mountain Basalt and Meguma Terrane, whereas pyrope and anthophyllite suggest small supply from distant sources. In the SW Scotian Basin, detrital minerals, lithic clasts, and shale geochemistry from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous indicate a predominant Meguma Terrane source and transport by local rivers. Rare spinel and garnet grains of meta-ultramafic rocks, only in the Middle Jurassic at the Mohawk B-93 well, suggest minor supply from the rising Labrador rift, via the same river that transported distant sediments to the Fundy Basin. Lower Cretaceous sandstones from the Mohican I-100 well contain minor garnet, spinel, and tourmaline from meta-ultramafic rocks, characteristic of sediment supplied to the central Scotian Basin at that time. The dominant Meguma Terrane provenance precludes thick deep-water sandstones in the eastern part of the Shelburne subbasin, but the evidence of Middle Jurassic distant river supply through the Fundy Basin is encouraging for deep-water reservoir quality in the western part.
Constitutionalism, warfare, and political change in early modern Europe

Barrington Moore Jr.'s classic work, Social Origins,1 is doubtless one of the most important works of social science in the last twenty-five years. It delivered a serious blow to unilinear models of social change, reintroduced moral vision into the social sciences, and inspired a generation of historically grounded, macrohistorical studies no mean feat for a single volume. Though it has been criticized for minor historical problems, found to have overlooked important variables, and excoriated on metatheoretical grounds, a fully developed, comparative study that provides an alternative to Moore's emphasis on the commercialization of agriculture has not been put forth.2 In this article, I shall attempt just that, although, as we shall see, my findings are generally compatible with those of Moore.
NodeMOP: runtime verification for Node.js applications

Node.js has become one of the most popular frameworks for general-purpose and server-side application development in JavaScript. However, due to its dynamic, asynchronous, event-driven programming model, Node.js applications are considered error-prone, and their correctness is hard to verify. Monitoring-Oriented Programming (MOP) is a Runtime Verification (RV) paradigm that aims at improving the safety and reliability of a software system. To the best of our knowledge, no practical RV framework targets JavaScript and Node.js applications.
 In this paper, we introduce NodeMOP, a novel RV framework for JavaScript that allows one to apply RV to Node.js applications. Using NodeMOP, we have formalized two properties related to popular asynchronous APIs based on the Node.js documentation, one from the file-system module and the other from the HTTP module. NodeMOP also supports error recovery by allowing developers to define custom handlers in case of property violations. We showcase NodeMOP with our specified properties on examples of Node.js API misuse. We also evaluate the overhead of NodeMOP with benchmarks based on the introduced examples.
Photochemical Tyrosine Oxidation in the Structurally
Well-Defined α3Y Protein: Proton-Coupled Electron
Transfer and a Long-Lived Tyrosine Radical

Tyrosine oxidation-reduction involves proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and a reactive radical state. These properties are effectively controlled in enzymes that use tyrosine as a high-potential, one-electron redox cofactor. The α3Y model protein contains Y32, which can be reversibly oxidized and reduced in voltammetry measurements. Structural and kinetic properties of α3Y are presented. A solution NMR structural analysis reveals that Y32 is the most deeply buried residue in α3Y. Time-resolved spectroscopy using a soluble flash-quench generated [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)3](3+) oxidant provides high-quality Y32-O• absorption spectra. The rate constant of Y32 oxidation (kPCET) is pH dependent: 1.4 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) (pH 5.5), 1.8 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) (pH 8.5), 5.4 × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) (pD 5.5), and 4.0 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) (pD 8.5). k(H)/k(D) of Y32 oxidation is 2.5 ± 0.5 and 4.5 ± 0.9 at pH(D) 5.5 and 8.5, respectively. These pH and isotope characteristics suggest a concerted or stepwise, proton-first Y32 oxidation mechanism. The photochemical yield of Y32-O• is 28-58% versus the concentration of [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)3](3+). Y32-O• decays slowly, t1/2 in the range of 2-10 s, at both pH 5.5 and 8.5, via radical-radical dimerization as shown by second-order kinetics and fluorescence data. The high stability of Y32-O• is discussed relative to the structural properties of the Y32 site. Finally, the static α3Y NMR structure cannot explain (i) how the phenolic proton released upon oxidation is removed or (ii) how two Y32-O• come together to form dityrosine. These observations suggest that the dynamic properties of the protein ensemble may play an essential role in controlling the PCET and radical decay characteristics of α3Y.
Quintessence Cosmology and Varying α

If the reported measurements of the time variation of the fine structure constant from observations of distant QSOs are correct, combined with the Oklo limit, they would strongly constrain the class of the quintessence potential. If these results prove valid, future satellite experiments (STEP) should measure the induced violation of the weak equivalence principle. Future cosmological observations of nearby (z < 0.5) absorption systems would make it clear whether the variation is significant or not.
Assault on ideology : Aleksandr Solzhyenitsyn's political thought

Chapter 1 A Chronicle of Terror Chapter 2 Solzhenitsyn's Stalin Chapter 3 Solzhenitsyn's Lenin Chapter 4 Solzhenitsyn's Marx Chapter 5 The Consequences of Marxism in the Soviet Union and Elsewhere Chapter 6 Solzhenitsyn on the West Chapter 7 On a Revival of the Spirit
Knowledge Acquisition without Analysis

This paper suggests that a distinction between knowledge acquisition methods should be made. On the one hand there are methods which aim to help the expert and knowledge engineer analyse what knowledge is involved in solving a particular type of problem and how this problem solving is carried out. These methods are concerned with classifying the different types of problem solving and providing tools and methods to help the knowledge engineer identify the appropriate approach and ensure nothing is omitted. A different approach to knowledge acquisition focuses on ensuring incremental addition of validated knowledge as mistakes are discovered (validated knowledge here means only that the earlier performance of the system is not degraded by the addition of new knowledge). The organisation of this knowledge is managed by the system rather than the expert and knowledge engineer. This would seem to correspond to human incremental development of expertise. From this perspective task analysis is a secondary activity related to explanation and justification not acknowledge acquisition. Ripple Down Rules is a limited example of this approach. The paper considers the possibility of extending this approach to make it more generally applicable.
Strategic bidding in electricity spot markets under uncertainty: a roadmap

The liberalization of the power industry and the creation of electricity spot markets throughout the world has triggered a significant research effort both by academic and practitioners. A part of this effort has been oriented to the development of methodologies and tools devoted to the optimization of bidding strategies for electricity spot markets. Uncertainty with respect to the behavior of the rest of participants is a major ingredient of this problem. After several years a vast literature has been produced on this particular topic. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the definition of a general body of knowledge by characterizing the most relevant features of some of the lines of research that have been followed
On Mobility of Software Processes

In this paper, the mobility of software processes is proposed as a novel concept. It is defined as the structural change in a software process resulting from interactions among linked process elements. The concept addresses the essential change in a software process which brings a high variability and unpredictability to process performance. Three categories of the mobility that lead to the structural change are identified and expounded upon. A reference model for describing the concept is put forward based on the polyadic π-calculus. With the mobility of software processes, it is possible to design a new PCSEE and associated PML with increased flexibilities.
Relaxation of the sodium atom in the 4D level by collisions with noble gases. II. Theoretical aspects

2014 In previous papers [1-3] we have reported experimental measurements of the relaxation rates of the k-multipole moments in the 4D level of sodium and the 3S-4D optical coherence. In the present paper we compare the experimental values with those obtained theoretically for different types of potentials. We show that the Van der Waals C6R -6 interaction is not sufficiently anisotropic to describe the relaxation of the k multipole moments. For Ar, Kr and Xe, much better results are obtained by taking into account the next term C8R-8 in the expansion of the long-range interaction. The potentials of Pascale and Vandeplanque  give very good results for helium. The results are also satisfactory for Ar, Kr and Xe, but the agreement could still be improved. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 40, JUIN 1979,
Geology of the protogine zone south of Lake Vättern, southern Sweden : a reinterpretation

Influential models describe the Protogine Zone (PZ) as a collisional suture and thrust front and, in particular, as the extension of the Grenvillian thrust front into Scandinavia. These models do not consider the significance of a rich variety of geological features related to Late Riphean-Vendian rifting of the craton. This paper calls attention to steep, northerly trending and anastomosing, narrow deformation zones of ductile or brittle-ductile character. The zones can be mapped out into the Vattern Graben of c. 700–800 Ma age. Uplift of southwestern Sweden after c. 910 Ma must have had a profound tectonic influence on the bedrock along the PZ. The effects of this late deformation must be identified and subtracted from the structural record before the significance of Sveconorwegian-Grenvillian deformation can be assessed. There is no other foliation south of Lake Vattern qualifying for the name “protogine zone foliation”. Rift-related magmatic and metallogenic features are remarkably restricted...
Review essay: Genre, Activity, and Expertise

Genre Knowledge in Disciplinary Communication: Cognition/Culture/Power. Carol Berkenkotter and Thomas N. Huckin. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995. Academic Literacy and the  Reading, Writing, and Knowing in Academic Philosophy. Cheryl Geisler. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994.  Southern Illinois University Press, 1994.
An interactive audio-visual installation using ubiquitous hardware and web-based software deployment

This paper describes an interactive audio-visual musical installation, namely MOTUS, that aims at being deployed using low-cost hardware and software. This was achieved by writing the software as a web application and using only hardware pieces that are built-in most modern personal computers. This scenario implies in specific technical restrictions, which leads to solutions combining both technical and artistic aspects of the installation. The resulting system is versatile and can be freely used from any computer with Internet access. Spontaneous feedback from the audience has shown that the provided experience is interesting and engaging, regardless of the use of minimal hardware. Subjects Human–Computer Interaction, Multimedia
MAX-phase coatings produced by thermal spraying

This paper presents a comparative study on the Ti2AlC coatings produced by different thermal spray methods, as Ti2AlC is one of the most studied materials from the MAX-phase family. Microstructural analysis of coatings produced by High Velocity Air Fuel (HVAF), Cold Spray and High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) has been carried out by means of the scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The volume fraction of porosity was determined using the ASTM standard E562. The phase characterization of the as-received powder and as-sprayed coatings was conducted using the X-ray diffraction with CrKα radiation. Impact of the spray parameters on the porosity and the mechanical properties of the coatings are discussed. The results show that the spraying temperature and velocity play a crucial role in coatings characteristics.
A companion to contemporary documentary film

Organised around contemporary themes of political relevance, with experts in the field serving as invited theme editors, this companion provides an unusually engaged overview of the field of contemporary documentary studies as it intersects with the pressing issues of the day. Contributors to this volume include: Nora Alter, Mieke Bal, Dierdre Boyle, Elizabeth Cowie, Susana de Sousa Dias, Rosa-Linda Fregoso, Jane Gaines, Bishnupraya Ghosh, Jeffrey Skoller, Janet Walker, and Brian Winston.
Coherent Electrodynamic Processes in Solid Molecular Hydrogen

The many experimental puzzles of solid hydrogen, that seem to defy the generally accepted view of condensed matter, are shown to be a rather straightforward consequence of a new approach to condensed matter physics, that takes into account the coherent electrodynamic processes, predicted by Quantum ElectroDynamics (QED), that have been so far overlooked. As a consequence, a revision of the present view, based on electrostatic forces only, is called for.
Is the tatonnement hypothesis a good caricature of market forces

Three points are made in this article. First, it is argued that general equilibrium theory should not be limited to the issues of existence and stability. A third subject-matter should be put on the agenda, namely the organization of trade. Tatonnement should be seen as the specific assumption made in this respect within the Walrasian research programme. Second, it is argued that the tatonnement set-up, though a quite complete institutional arrangement, turns out to be a contrived construction, as it combines basically incompatible elements - planning and private ownership. There is thus a fundamental discrepancy between the effective purview of the Walrasian research programme, a tatonnement economy, and its alleged explanandurn, a decentralized economy. Third, three possible arguments in favour of the tatonnement hypothesis are considered: the 'realistic', the 'benign neglect' and the 'lack of alternative' arguments. Only the latter is considered as a worthy defence of it.
Transport Properties of Charge Carriers in Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Flash‐Photolysis Time‐Resolved Microwave Conductivity Technique

Transport properties of charge carriers in single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were investigated by flash‐photolysis time‐resolved microwave conductivity (FP‐TRMC) technique. With this technique, it is possible to monitor the change in conductivity on pulsed laser excitation on a nanosecond timescale, without contacting layer with electrode. The FP‐TRMC signals obtained by SWNT sample is drastically larger than that of only catalyst. The dependence of excitation wavelength on φΣμ, which is a product of a quantum yield and sum of mobility, was obtained, indicating variety in transport property of size‐distributed SWNTs.
Philosophy and psychotherapy.

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