nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Graphical User Interfaces in Nuclear Applications

As part of the continuous work on improving safety of nuclear installations, new requirements to computer systems and information presentation have emerged. This has contributed to an increased interest and acceptance in introducing software systems in nuclear applications, and in particular in the control room of nuclear power plants. During the recent years there has also been a shift from proprietary hardware and software towards more open off-the-shelf hardware and software solutions. As a consequence of this there is a demand for systems that support design and implementation of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) in this environment. Picasso-3 is a User Interface Management System (UIMS) supporting object oriented definition of GUIs in a distributed computing environment. In Picasso-3, GUIs are defined using an interactive editor; however GUI components can be created, modified, and deleted at run-time. The graphics editor is designed in a way that allows immediate testing to verify that the user interface works as intended. Attributes of GUI components can be dynamically connected to application data in order to reflect some state of an application. The dynamic connection and the behaviour of the interface is described by the user interface designer using the Picasso-3 language, pTALK. Reusable interface components, or objects, can be created interactively using the graphics editor. Objects can be put in libraries for easy retrieval and reuse. The Picasso-3 system is designed to operate in a network environment, and offers a high-level, powerful Application Programmer’s Interface (API) for easy integration with user programs. The Picasso-3 system is based on industry standards such as C/C++, TCP/IP, and X-Windows, and is available on UNIX platforms and Windows NT. The Picasso-3 system is currently being used in a number of different application areas within the nuclear industry, such as retrofitting of display systems in simulators and control rooms, user interfaces of simulators, visualization of data generated by analysis tools, education and training applications, and in human factors research. This paper will give some examples of nuclear applications where the Picasso-3 system has been used.
The Structural Geology and Volcanic Petrology of the Rattlesnake Hills, Wyoming

The Rattlesnake Hills, covering 150 square miles in central Wyoming, are the eroded remnants of a northwest plunging Laramide anticline on the north flank of the Sweetwater Arch. The topography has been modified by Middle and Late Eocene intrusive and extrusive activity with associated local faulting, and by Miocene or Pliocene normal faulting. At least 42 discrete intrusive bodies, radiometrically dated as Late Eocene, are present in the map area. These intrusives are divisible into seven rock types: rhyolite, quartz latite, latite, trachyte, soda trachyte, alkali mela-trachyte, and phonolite. The alkalic intrusives are clustered in a 20 square mile area, with the quartz latite and rhyolite intrusives occurring in 2 groups to the northeast and southwest of the central alkalic group. The pyroclastic debris in the Middle and Late Eocene Wagon Bed Formation appears to be primarily from the quartz latite eruptive centers. The alkalic centers were primarily laccoliths and volcanic domes, with little extrusive activity. The petrogenesis of the intrusive rocks is thought to involve the generation of two separate magmas, quartz latite and phonolite, by partial fusion in the lower crust, followed by occasional fractional crystallization and/or mixing of the two magmas to produce the observed suite of undersaturated, saturated, and over saturated rocks. The structural development of the Rattlesnake Hills is related to the known structural history of Central Wyoming given by Love (1970) and Keefer (1970). After the end of the Laramide orogeny in the earliest Eocene, the Sweetwater Arch continued to rise and resulted in the formation of a horst at the end of Early Eocene time. The development of this horst may have lowered the pressure in the lower crust, favoring the formation of magma for the volcanic activity in the Rattlesnake Hills during the Middle and Late Eocene. The Oligocene was a time of crustal stability in the Rattlesnake Hills, when a major erosion surface was cut on the Precambrian hornblende schist and the Middle and Late Eocene Wagon Bed Formation. Boulder channel deposits of northeast flowing Oligocene streams now form linear ridges resulting from topographic inversion on the north flank of the Rattlesnake Hills. A detailed study of the faulting in the Rattlesnake Hills indicates three main periods of faulting: 1) faulting during the Laramide orogeny, 2) faulting associated with the intrusive activity of the Middle and Late Eocene volcanic episode, and 3) faulting in conjunction with the subsidence of the Granite Mountains after Middle Miocene time. A new estimate of 1000 −1200 feet of post Middle Miocene offset on the North Granite Mountains fault system is in agreement with earlier estimates by Love (1970).
No need to choose between innovation and internationalization: when pursuing two strategies at a time leads to firm superior performance

Whereas commonly innovation and internationalization have been studied disjointedly, many academics have recently questioned the relationship that there might be between these two strategic choices. The present study aims to determine whether businesses can concurrently attain internationalization and innovation instead of selecting for only one of the two strategies in pursuing superior performance. The paper tests the relationships between firm managerial capabilities, technological and marketing resources, innovation and internationalization strategies, and firm performance based on the assumptions of the resource-based view. The hypotheses are tested using the data from a survey on 169 Italian SMEs. The outcomes reveal that innovation and internationalization are complementary, and not alternative in the attainment of firm superior performance, both technological and marketing resources are positively associated with the business internationalization, whereas only technological resources contribute to the business innovativeness. Additionally, managerial capabilities are key for deploying the firm overall resource endowment.
The 1928–1929 eruption of Kammourta volcano — evidence of tectono-magmatic activity in the Manda-Inakir rift and comparison with the Asal Rift, Afar depression, Republic of Djibuti

There are two rifts zones in the Republic of Djibuti: the active Asal rift (birthplace of the Ardoukôba basaltic volcano in 1978) and the poorly known Manda-Inakir rift described here. The most recent volcanic event in the Manda-Inakir rift was the formation of the Kammourta basaltic cone, probably in 1928, accompanied by strong seismic activity. This historic eruption and related tectonic features show that the Manda-Inakir rift, like Asal, is presently active. The Kammourta basalt, of transitional alkaline type, belongs to the Manda-Inakir differentiated series, which ranges from basalt to rhyolite. In contrast, volcanic rocks of the Asal rift are entirely transitional tholeiitic basalt. The differences in magmatic affinity and tectonics between these two rift zones reflect the more advanced evolution of rifting in the Asal zone than in Manda-Inakir.
Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on activity levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increase physical activity immediately after a short course (8 weeks) of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Activity levels in patients with COPD were also compared with those in healthy controls.



Consecutive patients with COPD (n = 24, aged 71.9 ± 7.7 years, forced expiratory ventilation in 1 second 44.1 ± 17.9% predicted, who completed PR) and 8 aged-matched controls (aged 66.6 ± 7.2 years) were studied. Activity was monitored with a triaxial accelerometer for 5 days before and after PR. Activity was expressed as vector magnitude units (VMU) per minute and time spent at VMU above 250 and 500, respectively.



Overall activity was significantly less in patients with COPD compared with that in controls (117 ± 63 compared with 242 ± 103 VMU/min, P = .0003). Time spent at VMU above 250 and 500 was also less in patients with COPD (166 ± 71 vs 227 ± 37 min, P = .028 and 39 ± 43 vs 124 ± 26 min, P < .0001, respectively). After PR, overall VMU activity was not significantly increased (117 ± 63 vs 120 ± 63 VMU/min). Time spent at VMU above 250 and 500 was also not significantly increased after PR. Increases in activity levels after PR did not correlate with improvements in exercise performance, quality of life, or quadriceps strength.



Despite significant improvements in exercise capacity and quality of life after PR, this did not translate into a significant increase in activity level. Improving function in patients with copd may not translate into behavioral change.
High-Resolution Network for Photorealistic Style Transfer

Photorealistic style transfer aims to transfer the style of one image to another, but preserves the original structure and detail outline of the content image, which makes the content image still look like a real shot after the style transfer. Although some realistic image styling methods have been proposed, these methods are vulnerable to lose the details of the content image and produce some irregular distortion structures. In this paper, we use a high-resolution network as the image generation network. Compared to other methods, which reduce the resolution and then restore the high resolution, our generation network maintains high resolution throughout the process. By connecting high-resolution subnets to low-resolution subnets in parallel and repeatedly multi-scale fusion, high-resolution subnets can continuously receive information from low-resolution subnets. This allows our network to discard less information contained in the image, so the generated images may have a more elaborate structure and less distortion, which is crucial to the visual quality. We conducted extensive experiments and compared the results with existing methods. The experimental results show that our model is effective and produces better results than existing methods for photorealistic image stylization. Our source code with PyTorch framework will be publicly available at this https URL
Adsorption of volatile sulphur compounds onto modified activated carbons: effect of oxygen functional groups.

The effect of physical and chemical properties of activated carbon (AC) on the adsorption of ethyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl disulphide was investigated by treating a commercial AC with nitric acid and ozone. The chemical properties of ACs were characterised by temperature programme desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. AC treated with nitric acid presented a larger amount of oxygen functional groups than materials oxidised with ozone. This enrichment allowed a significant improvement on adsorption capacities for ethyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulphide but not for dimethyl disulphide. In order to gain a deeper knowledge on the effect of the surface chemistry of AC on the adsorption of volatile sulphur compounds, the quantum-chemical COSMO-RS method was used to simulate the interactions between AC surface groups and the studied volatile sulphur compounds. In agreement with experimental data, this model predicted a greater affinity of dimethyl disulphide towards AC, unaffected by the incorporation of oxygen functional groups in the surface. Moreover, the model pointed out to an increase of the adsorption capacity of AC by the incorporation of hydroxyl functional groups in the case of ethyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulphide due to the hydrogen bond interactions.
The Feminist Possibility of Reader-as-Performer: in Caroline Bergvall’s Goan Atom (1. Doll)

For decades, performance artists and playwrights have grappled with how spectators view women’s bodies on stage. Thwarting those patriarchal structures that constantly shape how we see gendered bodies has proven difficult. This article asks: what happens when we remove the visible body altogether? Exploring the experimental performance poetry of Caroline Bergvall, I reconsider the text/performance divide to suggest that the divide itself holds within it a fundamental anti-feminist tendency: the ultimately empirical claim that a body must be ‘seen’ to exist. As the poem affectively inscribes the experience of the female in the text onto the body of the reader, there is a performative and affective resistance to performance’s obsession with the supposed positive politics of the non-reproductive and the ocular. Engaging critically with works by Peggy Phelan, Rebecca Schneider, Brian Massumi, and Rachel Blau DuPlessis (among others), I find that in opposition to the work of much performance scholarship, repro...
Notions of Locality and Their Logical Characterizations over Finite Models

Many known tools for proving expressibility bounds for rst-order logic are based on one of several locality properties. In this paper we characterize the relationship between those notions of locality. We note that Gaifman's locality theorem gives rise to two notions: one deals with sentences and one with open formulae. We prove that the former implies Hanf's notion of locality, which in turn implies Gaifman's locality for open formulae. Each of these implies the bounded degree property, which is one of the easiest tools for proving expressibility bounds. These results apply beyond the rst-order case. We use them to derive expressibility bounds for rst-order logic with unary quantiiers and counting. We also characterize the notions of locality on structures of small degree.
Soviet Seismic Studies of the Earth's Crust in the Pacific Ocean During the International Upper Mantle Project-A Summary

Kosminskaya, LP., Zverev, S.M. and Udintsev, G.B., 1973. Soviet seismic studies of the earth's crust in the Pacific Ocean during the International Upper Mantle Project — a summary.  S. Mueller (Editor), The Structure of the Earth's Crust, based on Seismic Data. Tectonophysics , 20 (1–4): 147–151. The main results of seismic investigations in the transition zone from the Asian continent to the Pacific Ocean and in several regions of the Pacific Ocean are reported briefly. One of the most surprising findings is the existence of a layer with a P-velocity of 9 km/sec only 12–15 km below the oceanic crust-mantle boundary. Some recommendations for future investigations are given.
Medically unexplained symptoms: how often and why are they missed?

We assessed risk factors affecting the provisional diagnosis of medically unexplained symptoms made by physicians in new patients, in 526 clinical encounters. Comparisons were made between the doctor's initial assessments regarding the nature of symptoms, and the final diagnosis. Physicians were more likely to err on the side of diagnosing the symptoms as medically explained rather than unexplained. When physicians perceived the interaction with the patient to be positive, they were more likely to make a provisional diagnosis that the symptoms were explained. Conversely, a negative perception of the interaction was associated with an increased likelihood of viewing symptoms as medically unexplained. Physicians should be aware of the effect of their own perceptions on their diagnostic behaviour.
Limits of Strong Field Rescattering in the Relativistic Regime.

Recollision for a laser driven atomic system is investigated in the relativistic regime via a strong field quantum description and Monte Carlo semiclassical approach. We find the relativistic recollision energy cutoff is independent of the ponderomotive potential U_{p}, in contrast to the well-known 3.2U_{p} scaling. The relativistic recollision energy cutoff is determined by the ionization potential of the atomic system and achievable with non-negligible recollision flux before entering a "rescattering free" interaction. The ultimate energy cutoff is limited by the available intensities of short wavelength lasers and cannot exceed a few thousand Hartree, setting a boundary for recollision based attosecond physics.
Philosophical Studies on Wittgenstein in China

It has been a century since Wittgenstein was introduced into China, and his philosophy has been in conflict with traditional Chinese philosophy and culture ever since. During this time, Wittgenstein’s philosophy has been the focus of considerable dialogue regarding Chinese and Western philosophies and has been responsible for introducing many new ideas into Chinese philosophy. There are three ways to study Wittgenstein’s philosophy in China: contextual reading, interpretation of thoughts and extended understanding. Chen Jiaying is one of the foremost scholars of the study of Wittgenstein in China. This scholar incorporates Wittgenstein’s methodology, especially in his later philosophy, to explain meanings of ordinary language. Wittgenstein’s philosophy introduces anti-essentialism into Chinese studies, a new way to interpret the philosophy of language, and his criticism of traditional Western philosophy. Taken together, these factors emphasise the significance of Wittgenstein’s philosophy to philosophical research in China.
Evolution of development in closely related species of flies and worms

extensive knowledge of the genetic basis for development of the model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, together with their complete genome sequences, provides a useful tool for comparing their development with that of other closely related species. To identify the genetic changes that underlie small morphological differences, recent studies have used either a candidate-gene approach or, where hybrids are viable, direct classical genetics. This approach can allow the rapid identification of genes that contribute to phenotypic change. Evolution of cis-regulatory sequences that alters gene expression might contribute to phenotypic change. Regulatory modules of developmental genes are subject to continuous sequence change and to stabilizing selection in the absence of morphological change. Co-evolution of transcription factors and their binding sequences can be readily shown using comparisons between closely related species. The redundant cellular interactions that underlie the development of a structure and that contribute to its robustness are also subject to continuous change. Studies of satellite species should help to bridge the gap between evolutionary genetics and comparative embryology.AbstractOne of the main challenges in evolutionary biology is to identify the molecular changes that underlie phenotypic differences that are of evolutionary significance. Comparative studies of early development have shown that changes in the spatio-temporal use of regulatory genes, as well as changes in the specificity of regulatory proteins, are correlated with important differences in morphology between phylogenetically distant species. However, it is not known how such changes take place in natural populations, and whether they result from a single, or many small, additive events. Extending this approach to the study of development of closely related species promises to enrich this debate.
Control Education: A World Showcase

he last time control education was surveyed in the Magazine T was in the June 1992 issue (vol. 12, . It provided a glimpse into the state of affairs of control education then through the window of the Second IFAC ACE Symposium. In his “Outlook’ section of the overview article, the Guest Editor of that issue, Professor Stephen Yurkovich, raised several intriguing questions regarding control education that “are worth considering as we move on toward the 21st century in engineering education.” Since then, a recurrence of interest and increased awareness of the importance and urgency of the problems in control education has appeared. This is evidenced by an increased number of publications and special conference sessions on control education in the past few years. In particular, the Magazine has introduced two new columns on educational issues-“Eye on Education” and “Lecture Notes.” The Third FAC ACE Symposium saw a great expansion in attendance, scope, and number of papers and presentations. It was under this backdrop that the idea for this special issue on control education around the world was conceived. However, the scope and format of this special issue, as it appears now, evolved over more than a
Many Facets of Complexity in Logic

There are many ways to define complexity in logic. In finite model theory, it is the complexity of describing properties, whereas in proof complexity it is the complexity of proving properties in a proof system. Here we consider several notions of complexity in logic, the connections among them, and their relationship with computational complexity. In particular, we show how the complexity of logics in the setting of finite model theory is used to obtain results in bounded arithmetic, stating which functions are provably total in certain weak systems of arithmetic. For example, the transitive closure function (testing reachability between two given points in a directed graph) is definable using only NL-concepts (where NL is non-deterministic log-space complexity class), and its totality is provable within NL-reasoning.
Models and Explanations for Military Organization: An Updated Reconsideration

The classic approach to the consideration of the military as a social phenomenon is no different from the one applied to every other sector of social life. Classic sociology has a total and comprehensive conception of “society,” and within the classics we find a general analysis of the various social institutions as considered not only in their peculiarities but mainly in their connections with the general society. The military is one of the many, and basic, institutions considered by classic sociologists according to the various sociological schools, and its features are seen as a distinct set of behaviors, rules, norms, and values coordinated around a defensive or offensive goal (or both) defined by a given society (but generally typical of every society) in their relationships with other, external, societies. The military is considered and explained within the different sociological theories, so that we have a positivistic explanation of the role of the military as a basic feature of the human society since its origins-as in Comte-or an evolutionary consideration of the military structure as a first stage in the society evolution-as in Spencer. Both Comte and Spencer consider the inevitable decline of the military structure and function as a consequence of the development of human society from its primitive features to its highest manifestation, the industrial society (as it was seen and intended in the 19th century).
Private Equity Minority Investments in Large Family Firms: What Influences the Attitude of Family Firm Owners?

This paper extends research in the field of private equity investments in family firms. It contributes to the literature by fundamentally analyzing the decision criteria of family firm owners for using minority investments of private equity investors. This type of financing might be of great interest to family firms, as the family firm owner is able to secure majority ownership and control over the family business. Likewise, minority investments might be attractive for private equity investors, as they are mostly not leveraged and therefore independent from capital market turbulences. Using data from 21 case studies, we identify challenges induced by the family or the business that lead to the phenomenon of private equity minority investments in family firms. We find that perceived benefits and drawbacks of private equity investments are influenced by business and family characteristics. Based on pecking-order theory, resource-based view and the strategy paradigm, propositions as well as a conceptual framework are developed.