nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Fertility and Economic Development

This paper presents a formal model that characterizes the two faces of development—persistent poverty, and industrialization and rising incomes—and establishes that the interaction between politics and economics determines which path a nation travels. We demonstrate that political factors affect fertility decisions so that a one-time disturbance compounds across generations, impacting a country's entire development trajectory. Modeling strategic multiobjective policy-setting by the government, we derive a new concept of political capacity and prove that a sufficient amount of political capacity is necessary to escape a poverty trap and develop the economy. Empirical tests for a sample of 100 countries from 1960 to 1990 provide strong support for the predictions of the formal model. In particular, we show that both political stability and political capacity significantly influence birth rates. We conclude that politics can be either a stimulant or a barrier to economic development.
Classicality, Matter–Antimatter Asymmetry, and Quantum Gravity Deformed Uncertainty Relations

Some of the recent work on quantum gravity has involved modified uncertainty relations such that the products of the uncertainties of certain pairs of observables increase with time. It is here observed that this type of modified uncertainty relations would lead to quantum decoherence, which could explain the classical behavior of macroscopic systems, and CPT-violation, which could provide the seed for the emergence of a matter–antimatter asymmetry.
"Groups and Their Interests": The Point for Discussion (Foreword by R. Grinberg)

(Foreword by R. Grinberg) The author analyzes modern theories of public interests and involves into the debate on the topic with A. Nekipelov. The article examines the special meaning and existence of public interests and describes contradictions emerging in the modern economic theory when trying to construct the relation between individual and public preferences. The author reveals similarities and differences between the advocated approach ("economic sociodynamics") and the point of view of A. Nekipelov.
Formal method integration via heterogeneous notations

Formal Method Integration via Heterogeneous Notations Richard Freeman Paige Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 1997 Method integration is the procedure of combining multiple methods to form a new technique. In the context of software engineering, this can involve combining speci cation techniques, rules and guidelines for design and implementation, and sequences of steps for managing an entire development. In current practice, method integration is often an ad-hoc process, where links between methods are de ned on a case-by-case basis. In this dissertation, we examine an approach to formal method integration based on so-called heterogeneous notations: compositions of compatible notations. We set up a basis that can be used to formally de ne the meaning of compositions of formal and semiformal notations. Then, we examine how this basis can be used in combining methods used for system speci cation, design, and implementation. We demonstrate integration using this basis in a pure formal setting, and in a setting involving both formal and semiformal methods. This culminates in a description of a meta-method for formal method integration based on heterogeneous notations, and a discussion of the properties and bene ts obtained through the use of such a method. A number of examples are provided that suggest how heterogeneous notations and integrated methods can be used, and how formal method integration based on the meta-method can occur. ii Acknowledgements First and primary thanks must go to my advisor, Rick Hehner. With Rick's guidance, wisdom, good humour, and enthusiasm, this dissertation has grown from the germ of a rather silly idea to a nal product. Rick is responsible (directly and indirectly) for much of the clarity and conciseness of the dissertation; ambiguity, wa ing, and errors are my responsibility alone. Special acknowledgement goes to my second reader, Pamela Zave, for her detailed, thorough, and careful reading of the dissertation. Her good advice and perceptive comments made the dissertation stronger. I'm also grateful to my committee for `torturing' me for three and a half years.  Their suggestions, criticisms, and thorough grilling sessions helped immensely. Many other people commented on the research or presentation of the dissertation, especially when I was out giving job talks. In particular: Fran cois Pitt, Victor Ng, Jonathan Ostro , Nick Graham, Kasi Periysamy, Peter King, Hanan Lut yya, Mike Bauer, Paul Sorenson, Jim Hoover,  I would especially like to thank those at Marktoberdorf who showed me that many (dubious) ideas sound good after a few rounds of beer. My friends provided much-needed support and distraction during my four and a half years of graduate school.  King" Hayes, Ian Maione, Wally Omiotek, Todd Ford, Brian Vaughan, the Commish, Kent Epp, and the rest of the Rangers/Mudhens. I thank NSERC, the Ontario government, NATO, and the Department of Computer Science for their support. Finally, special thanks to my family for putting up with me, and all this strange computer stu .
A Reform and Discussion on Produce Practice for the Specialty of Surveying and Mapping Engineering

the experience and shortcomings which gained in the previous production practice, combine with its own characteristics of specialty with subject characteristics of the New period, Put forward make full use of Production, Learning and Researching base, implementation a variety of models such as "employment-led, decentralized and centralized integration", Production Practice and Graduation Design integration etc, and building process control and assessment systems to improve the process and quality of production practice, in order to train the students which has the application talent what our state, society, market demand.
Geology and Geochronology of Early Precambrian of the Ukrainian Shield

The Early Precambrian of the Ukrainian shield is represented by geological formations older than 2.6 b.y. The Archean formations are established in three big regions of the Ukrainian shield. These regions are tectonic blocks. Each block is characterized by specific petrological and geological features. In each block the grade of metamorphism of the rock is different. The metamorphic rocks are represented by three series and the granites are represented by three complexes. In the lower parts of the section of the series, effusive rocks predominate and in its upper parts metamorphosed sedimentary rocks are predominant. The effusive rocks of acidic and medium composition are characterized by dominating quantities of sodium. Genetically acidic and medium rocks are the products of differentiation of tholeiite-basalt magma. Geochronologically the complexes of granites are characterized in detail. These data were obtained on accessory minerals and correspond to 2.8 b.y. ± 100 m.y. Dates of about 3.0 b.y. were obtained on zircon from metamorphosed effusive rocks by means of U-Th-Pb isotope methods. The data obtained on micas of metamorphosed rocks reflect superimposed processes.
Oman's National Payment Systems and their Compliance with International Standards and Practices

Payment systems play a major part in the conduct of a country's monetary policy, financial sector and economic development. These systems are key tools for the economy in general and the banking and financial sectors in particular. The central bank plays a leading role, in investing, developing, enhancing and managing these systems. This research gives an overview of payment systems in Oman and their compliance to international standards and practices. Also illustrates the experience of payment systems approaches in developed countries (USA, UK and Australia) and regional Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. It shows that there are some gaps in Oman’s payment systems with international standards and practices. Central bank of Oman (CBO) has to give the attention to these gaps to make payment systems more safe and effective and to comply with best practices. The financial crisis and technology changes have exposed how important the interconnections are among the banking system and payment systems. That suggests the need to strengthen the fundamental parts of a financial infrastructure, particularly in payment systems. The current issues in the Oman’s payment systems may be an obstacle and against best practices. Therefore, they need to be highlighted for resolution.
The political economy of finance and production: For countries of Tunisia, Morocco and Mauritania

The objective of this article is to identify the nature of the relationship between the financial sphere and the productive sphere. First, disclosing the various theoretical and empirical studies on the so-called relationship, then highlighting the nature of the relationship between the two spheres for AMU countries with the exception of Algeria and Libya.We will therefore answer the question: how the financial sector affects -t- it on the real economy by taking as a case study Tunisia, Morocco and Mauritania.
The spiral road : change in a Chinese village through the eyes of a Communist Party leader

The leading Party cadre of Lin Village in Southeast China describes in this book forty years of turbulent events that affected individuals and families in the village: the downfall of the landlords during the Land Reform, the rise of poor peasants to political power, the political fanaticism of the Great Leap Forward and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, and recent efforts to restore rational, pragmatic policies in China's countryside.The magnitude of change in Lin Village since 1949 has been considerable. Most villagers have benefited from tangible improvements in agriculture, education, and medicine, and they have developed a sense of political participation and integration into the national political arena. Significantly, while these dynamic changes have been taking place, the observance of cultural tradition has persisted. Attempts made by the government to change "feudalistic" beliefs and practices have yet to make any lasting impression on village life.More than an account of one village, this book documents for readers the cataclysmic changes of China's entire post-liberation era, detailing their effects in a personalized style. An American anthropologist of Chinese descent, Huang Shu-min employs participant-observation and personal interviews to shape this unique view of rural China today and to delineate some of the misconceptions held by Western academics.
Valuing practice: The place of practical legal research in academic life

Practical legal training has traditionally been the poor relation of the legal education family. Along with the similarly placed clinical legal education, it is a latecomer to formal legal education and its academic value is regarded with some reservation by those involved in more mainstream areas of academia. These reservations are not entirely unfounded. While few could deny the value of practical legal training in terms of teaching and contribution to the legal community, it is in the contribution to research and scholarship that practical legal training may be seen to be less successful. Few academics who teach in practical legal training go on to conduct research into it, external funding opportunities in this area are quite limited and such research as is conducted is not perceived to have a high academic value. 
 
This paper draws on a research project conducted by the writers to explore the climate influencing research in practical legal training and the standards by which its research successes are measured. The paper relies on interview data obtained from PLT academics to ascertain obstacles to research in PLT and to postulate how positive outcomes for valuing practical legal training research might be achieved.
John Stuart Mill in Nineteenth-century Serbia: Influence on Political Thought and Gender Issues

The paper deals with the reception of J. S. Mill’s writings by contemporary 
 Serbian intellectuals. As shown in the paper, the impact that Millean ideas 
 made on many important Serbian politicians and philosophers from all parts of 
 the political spectrum was broad and profound. Special attention is paid to 
 the work of liberal and socialist thinkers, notably Vladimir Jovanovic and 
 Svetozar Markovic. The influence of Mill’s ideas on Serbia’s political 
 development is also examined, as well as how Mill’s attitude towards the 
 question of women’s rights impacted contemporary Serbian political thought.
The 2016 IEEE National Symposium of New Technologies [Chapter News]

March 2017 •  • was to provide New Zealand re ­ searchers, scientists, and engineers with a forum to present their latest research findings and participate in discussions in an informal setting. The one­day workshop featured speakers from both industry and ac­ ademia and live demonstrations and exhibits of various mobile robotic systems and devices. The workshop was cochaired by Prof. XiaoQi Chen (Chapter chair) and Dr. Khaled Goher. Ten invited speakers covered a broad range of topics, including agricultural robots, autonomous ground mapping, bio­ mimetic robots, micro robots, prod­ uct design, cloud computing, and assistive robotics. Among the exhib­ its and live demonstrations, a wall­ climbing robot , a snake robot, and an unmanned aerial vehi­ cle drew keen interest from the attendees and stimulated the discus­ sion between academic researchers and industry experts. Chapter members met during the lunch break and elect­ ed Prof. Peter Xu as their new Chapter chair (2017–2018).  A demonstration of a wall-climbing robot by Invert Robotics.
Report of an HIV clinic-based pain management program and utilization of health status and health service by HIV patients.

Current reports on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pain are limited to epidemiological data on neuropathic pain in HIV and most studies were conducted before the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Complex pain was reported to be highly prevalent and associated with advanced disease.



The authors conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 81 patients from the Center for Positive Living (CPL) at Montefiore Medical Center who were newly referred to a pain management program in 2006 to identify the potential benefits of integrating a pain management team into the care of persons living with HIV and etiologies of pain.



A standardized chart abstraction tool was used to capture clinical data. Data related to health service utilization and viral outcomes were obtained from the clinical information systems.



The most common pain diagnoses were multiple syndromes, degenerative disc disease or spinal stenosis, and neuropathy. There was a decrease in emergency room utilization in the 12 months following an initial pain management appointment (p < 0.0001) and an increase in use of primary care (p = 0.0017). The use of adjuvant medications increased after intake into the pain clinic (p < 0.0001). Having an opioid dose in excess of 200 mg/d oral morphine equivalents and maintenance of each palliative care and infectious disease clinic appointment were inversely associated with viral loads in excess of 75 copies: odds ratio (OR) = 0.21 (95% confidence interval/CI], 0.11-0.44), OR = 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.86), and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93-0.99), respectively.



The decrease in emergency room visits and increase in use of adjuvant analgesics and compliance with primary care and nonmedication approaches for the management of pain in the 12 months subsequent to initial palliative/pain clinic appointments highlight potential improved quality of care associated with the integration of a pain management team into the primary care of persons living with HIV disease.
'It's all about relationships': Hesitation, friendship and pedagogical assemblage

This paper examines the relationships between hesitation, friendship and pedagogy. It develops three main arguments: (a) first, that feelings of hesitation can unsettle our self-assurance in what we know, activating new problematics; (b) second, that this unsettling may become pedagogical under certain conditions; and (c) third, that friendship provides such conditions, potentially spurring creative processes of thought and learning. In response to secondary school teachers’ claims about their teaching and relationships with students, the paper employs hesitation as a methodological strategy for thinking beyond established understandings about pedagogy. The concept of pedagogy as assemblage is elaborated, drawing on the work of Deleuze and Guattari, and friendship is then conceived as a joyous encounter and mode of intellectual hospitality. These concepts enable description of the affective contexts in which the destabilisation of knowledge about ourselves and our worlds might provoke learning, in respons...
Discovering genres of online discussion threads via text mining

As course management systems (CMS) gain popularity in facilitating teaching. A forum is a key component to facilitate the interactions among students and teachers. Content analysis is the most popular way to study a discussion forum. But content analysis is a human labor intensity process; for example, the coding process relies heavily on manual interpretation; and it is time and energy consuming. In an asynchronous virtual learning environment, an instructor needs to keep monitoring the discussion forum from time to time in order to maintain the quality of a discussion forum. However, it is time consuming and difficult for instructors to fulfill this need especially for K12 teachers. This research proposes a genre classification system, called GCS, to facilitate the automatic coding process. We treat the coding process as a document classification task via modern data mining techniques. The genre of a posting can be perceived as an announcement, a question, clarification, interpretation, conflict, assertion, etc. This research examines the coding coherence between GCS and experts' judgment in terms of recall and precision, and discusses how we adjust the parameters of the GCS to improve the coherence. Based on the empirical results, GCS adopts the cascade classification model to achieve the automatic coding process. The empirical evaluation of the classified genres from a repository of postings in an online course on earth science in a senior high school shows that GCS can effectively facilitate the coding process, and the proposed cascade model can deal with the imbalanced distribution nature of discussion postings. These results imply that GCS based on the cascade model can perform as an automatic posting coding system.
Recent Progress in Origin and Evolution of Microsporidia

微孢子虫是一种典型的机会性致病病原,具有特殊的真核生物构造.综述了微孢子虫起源和进化的研究进展,以及在分析其系统发育过程中的一些潜在的问题及解决的方法,并提出β-微管蛋白及多基因研究在分析微孢子虫进化中具有重要性.
Application of Seismic Refraction Tomography to Map Bedrock: A Case Study from Al-Amrat, Oman

In this study, a seismic refraction survey was conducted to map the topography of bedrock in Al-Amrat, North of Sultanate of Oman. The targeted rock lies beneath unconsolidated rocks. A number of seismic profiles in the area were acquired, analyzed, and interpreted. The tomographic inversion of the data produced high resolution velocity models that contributed to understand the formations of interest. The formations are found to be characterized by variation in thickness and velocity which indicates variation in lithology and consolidation. The velocity sections were then used to build 3-D depth map that helped to understand the distribution of porous and permeable formations responsible for charging a water-producing well in the area. To support our interpretation, the data were calibrated with the exposed rocks in the survey area and showed good correlation.
Religion and political conflict in Latin America

The authors examine popular religion as a vital source of new values and experiences as well as a source of pressure for change in the church, political life, and the social order as a whole and deal with the issues of poverty and the role of the poor within the church and political structures. Exploring areas from Nicaragua, El Salvador, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, and Chile, the authors analyze the transformation in popular religion and reevaluate the growth of grassroots organizations. |Winner of the 1983 Pulitzer Prize in History, this book recreates and analyzes the dramatic political and religious confrontations that transformed Virginia in the second half of the eighteenth-century. (Please see cloth edition published 5/82.
Improved View Selection Algorithm in Data Warehouse

In order to minimize the query processing time, a data warehouse maintains materialized views of aggregate data derived from a fact table. However, due to the expensive computing and space costs materializing the whole relations instead of part of the relations results in much worse performance. Consequently, proper selection of appropriate views to be materialized is very important to get a precise and fast response in the data warehouse. However, this view selection problem is NP-hard problem, and there have been many research works on the selection of materialized views. In this paper we propose an improved algorithm to overcome problems of existing view selection algorithms. In the presented algorithm, we first construct the reduced tables in the data warehouse using clustering method among data mining techniques, and then we consider the combination of reduced tables as the materialized views instead of combination of the original base relations. For the justification of the suggested idea, we show the experimental results in which time as well as space costs are about 1.7 times better than the conventional approaches which considered all the tuples in a relation to materialize.
The Theory and Application of Utilizing Jalāl-ad-Dīn Rumi's Spiritual and Moral Views

The article gives information about pedagogical sources of learning personality and scientific heritage of Jalāl-ad-Dīn Rumi (1207-1273), his philosophical views and role in the process of upbringing, the problem of spiritual upbringing of the person in his work “Masnaviyi ma’naviy” and theoretically substantiated information about using his vies during the process of education.
The effect of solvated ions on the thermal denaturation of human serum albumin in water-dimethylsulfoxide solutions

The effects of solvated ions on the thermal denaturation of human serum albumin (HAS) in water-dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solutions were studied by the method of electron absorption spectroscopy. It was shown that depending on the DMSO concentration, electrolytes (LiCl, LiNO3, LiClO4, NaCl, and NaNO3) contained in these solutions were characterized by different anion and cation solvation degrees: unlike cations, anions were only negligibly solvated, which affected HAS thermal denaturation. Electrostatic interactions between anions and positively charged amino acid residues supporting protein denaturation subsided in the line Cl− > NO3− > ClO4−.
Bekenntnis einer schönen Seele oder Darstellung eines sonderbaren Menschen

SummaryBiography means Description of the Life. Life-Description combines the account of the course of life with the inner development of every human being with the contemplation of its Life- Therefore the biography of an literary author could be examined as a result of the cognition: light which shows us the productions of poetry. The biography who explains us these productions has the author in the focus of interest.This essay gives a view about the German efforts to approach the phenomenon Goethe in biographical way. This essay has been making the attempt to count the Goethe-Biographies since the author’s dead: minimum the mention, maximum the description.