nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Evolution Characteristics of the Global Sedimentary Basins:Evidence from the N-S Long Profiles

Basin formation and its structure record basin tectonic evolution,which reflects the different periods of tectonic settings.As the development of the exploration in oil and gas,lots of seismic sections have been accumulated.This provides a large number of basic data for comparison of the characteristics of basins.Materials from hundreds of important sedimentary basins were collected to study the basin tectonic evolution and evolutionary background systematically based on the global structure theory.Two large scale profiles(thousands of km length) were drawn:India-Siberia-North America-South America large scale profile and Africa-Mediterranean-Europe-Arctic-Siberia-Australian large scale profile,the structures and evolution characteristics of the global sedimentary basins show that structure and evolution characteristics of different types of basins are controlled by plate tectonic evolution;Different types of sedimentary basins are orderly parallel to different continents such as ocean basins,trench,forearc basin,back-arc foreland basin,cratonic basin,cratonic basins,rift basins,and passive continental margin basins.The basins in Europe-Asia plate were affected by Alpine orogeny(Himalayan movement).The evolution and structure of basin groups in Asia were controlled by the ancient Asian continent,Tethys,and west Pacific tectonic zone.By the effection of plate boundary,different basin groups in the same continent have close relationship in structure,sedimentation,and tectonic events.Basins containing the richest oil and gas are mainly located within the plate,away from the extrusion plate boundary.These basins generally have a huge cumulative deposition thickness,weak interior faulting,and stable sedimentary and tectonic subsidence.
Reconsidering Relativistic Causality

I discuss the idea of relativistic causality, i.e. the requirement that causal processes or signals can propagate only within the light-cone. After briefly locating this requirement in the philosophy of causation, my main aim is to draw philosophers' attention to the fact that it is subtle, indeed problematic, in relativistic quantum physics: there are scenarios in which it seems to fail. 
I consign to an Appendix two such scenarios, which are familiar to philosophers of physics: the pilot-wave approach, and the Newton-Wigner representation. I instead stress two unfamiliar scenarios: the Drummond-Hathrell and Scharnhorst effects. These effects also illustrate a general moral in the philosophy of geometry: that the mathematical structures, especially the metric tensor, that represent geometry get their geometric significance by dint of detailed physical arguments.
Recruitment of Seemingly Overeducated Personnel: Insider-Outsider Effects of Fair Employee Selection Practices

Fair employment policies constrain employee selection: specifically, applicants’ professional experience can substitute for formal education. However, reflecting firm-specific job requirements, this substitution rule applies less strictly to applicants from outside the firm. Further, setting low educational job requirements decreases the risk of disparate impact charges. Using data from a large US public employer, we show that successful outsider candidates exhibit higher levels of formal education than insiders. Also, this gap in educational attainments between outsiders and insiders widens with lower advertised degree requirements. More generally, we find strong insider-outsider effects on hiring decisions.
The Loss of Nature in Axel Honneth's Social Philosophy. Rereading Mead with Merleau-Ponty

AbstractThis paper analyses the model of interaction at the heart of Axel Honneth's social philosophy. It argues that inter action in his mature ethics of recognition has been reduced to intercourse between human persons and that the role of nature is now missing from it. The ethics of recognition takes into account neither the material dimensions of individual and social action, nor the normative meaning of non-human persons and natural environments. The loss of nature in the mature ethics of recognition is made visible through a comparison with Honneth's initial formulation of his project. As an anthropology of intersubjectivity combining the teaching of the German philosophical anthropologists and G.H. Mead, his first model sought to ground social theory in the natural preconditions of human action. The last part of the article argues that a return to Mead's theory of practical intersubjectivity informed by Merleau-Ponty's germane theory of intercorporeity provides essential conceptual tools to enable ...
Stakeholders and the composition of the voting rights of the board of directors

We propose a new approach to dynamic representation of different groups of stakeholders on the board of directors. This approach is based on a simple economic model of the firm, with an objective function to maximize its market value. We look at the marginal claim of each stakeholder on the assets of the firm. It divides the voting rights based on the change in value of each stakeholder with a one dollar change in the value of the firm as a whole. We translate these conditions to relative voting powers on the board. While there are many claims in the academic and popular literature on sharing voting rights on the board, our paper is the first to propose a quantitative dynamic model of the power sharing in the corporation.
Thermal conductivity of turbostratic boron nitride

The results of thermal conductivity measurements κ ‘ Turbostratic Boron Nitride in the temperature range 80–380 K are cited. Measurements were carried out on two pressed Boron Nitride samples, for which the degree of three‐dimensional ordering of the given powder is equal to 0.298 and 0.345. For theoretical description of the obtained result, the calculation of phonon conductivity in assumption of linear dependence of inverse relaxation time from frequency and with using Debye temperature as an adjusted parameter was carried out. The obtained theoretical results are well agreed with an experiment.
Queer Activist Intersections in Southeast Asia: Human Rights and Cultural Studies

The practice of human rights elicits a range of theoretical positions and problems in relation to advocacy across Southeast Asia. This raises questions about the universal nature of human rights, the problem of cultural imperialism and the dynamic of the local and the global. These questions become heightened when connected to queer or LGBT issues. This paper focuses on the intersections of queer scholarship, activism and human rights in relation to LGBT asylum seekers from Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia in order to explore the potentialities, possibilities and difficult challenges queer activists and scholars face in translating human rights principles, values and actions across and between modes of activist communication. A special purpose of the paper is to explore how the discipline of cultural studies and its attention to everyday lives, identity, self-reflexivity and socio-cultural context offers a scholarship that is specifically attuned to the problematics and complexity of human right...
Polyglucose-protein complexes.

The specific solubility parameters of glycogen-gelatin complexes are completely destroyed after brief exposure to proteolytic enzymes. The minimal polysaccharide-gelatin binding ratios for the complete binding of dextran, glycogen, dextrin, and soluble starch (erythrodextrin free) are 4, 1, 1, and 0.5, respectively, on a dry weight basis. The stoichiometric binding ratios of polyglucose-gelatin mixtures were independent of polyglucosan molecular weight classes. Sequential degradation of gelatin by autoclaving resulted in more rapid destruction of polysaccharide binding sites than the sites responsible for gelation. The 1 → 6 polyglucose binding sites were more labile than the 1 → 4 polyglucose binding sites on the gelatin molecule. Autoclaving of soluble starch, glycogen, or dextran had no effect on their ability to bind with gelatin. Competitive-inhibition studies suggest that the gelatin molecule possesses specific binding sites for the various polyglucosans. Reversible dissociation of polyglucose-gelatin complexes can be accomplished by 44% phenol/water extraction of polyglucose-gelatin complexes. The presence of polyglucose in alkaline Cu 2+ -gelatin solutions does not alter the ability of bound Cu 2+ to inhibit gelation of gelatin. The presence of bound forms of Cu 2+ in gelatin, polyglucosans and gelatin-polyglucose mixtures can be detected by analysis of ESR spectra and is dependent upon the pH of the respective solutions. The ESR spectra of Cu 2+ -gelatin complexes are different in acid and alkaline environments. At pH 4.5 the hyperfine structures of Cu 2+ -polyglucosans are destroyed by polyglucosan-gelatin interactions. At pH 10.5, Cu 2+ -doped gelatin and gelatin-glycogen mixtures exhibit similar ESR parameters whereas glycogen did not bind Cu 2+ . Possible relationships between Cu 2+ binding sites of these polymers and the specific sites responsible for both biopolymeric complex formation and the gelation phenomenon are discussed.
Enforcing Equal Employment Opportunities in China

In December 2001, Jiang Tao, a law student at Sichuan University, read an advertisement, which indicated that the Chengdu Branch of People's Bank of China (PBOC), was hiring new staff members.2 The advertisement contained a minimum height requirement: male candidates were required to be at least 168cm (5ft 6in) tall and females 155cm (5ft 3in).3 Such height requirements are very common in China; thus, many qualified applicants for government positions are rejected because they are too short. Mr. Jiang is only 165 cm (5ft 5in) and therefore ineligible for the job. Mr. Jiang sought to challenge PBOC's hiring practice on the basis that it was employment discrimination.4 However, he faced one important legal constraint: neither constitutional nor national statutory provisions in China specifically prohibit height discrimination in workplace. Despite the lack of direct protection, Mr. Jiang filed suit under Article 33 of the 1993 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, which declares all citizens "equal before the law."5 Mr. Jiang alleged that the minimum height requirement violated his constitutional right to equal treatment before the law.6 Specifically, he claimed that "[t]he defendant should assume corresponding legal liabilities" and "asked the court to confirm the administrative action containing 'height discrimination' as illegal."' Mr. Jiang's case is significant not only because it was the first to
p-Sulfonic acid calix[n]arenes: the most active and water tolerant organocatalysts in esterification reactions

This work reports the novel results obtained from an in situ kinetic study, which was conducted via1H NMR, of the palmitic acid esterification reaction with deuterated methanol in the presence of organocatalysts: p-sulfonic acid calix[6]arene, p-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid. The kinetic order of reaction relative to the catalyst concentration and the main thermodynamic properties, such as the activation energy (ΔE), entropy variation (ΔS), enthalpy variation (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy variation (ΔG), were obtained. The results indicated that p-sulfonic acid calix[6]arene was the most active organocatalyst in esterification reactions, regardless of temperature or catalyst concentration employed. Additionally, by performing the reactions in the presence of increasing amounts of water, it was found that p-sulfonic acid calix[n]arenes are more tolerant to water than the other catalysts investigated. This result, when combined with the kinetic and thermodynamic measurements, may explain their highest catalytic activity.
Talk about Religious Talk: Various Approaches to the Nature of Religious Language

The response of the theological world to contemporary developments in empirical and language philosophy is beginning to take on a more definite and active form. Books and articles are now appearing which deal with everything from the semantics of the Old Testament 1 and the Church Fathers 2 to parallels between language analysis and Karl Barth's theology. 3 In addition, anthologies in the philosophy of religion are now including a section on ‘The  As the quantity and quality of this response increase there arises a need for a survey and classification of the various approaches of which it is composed. It is the purpose of this article to provide such a survey, and to make some evaluational comments and suggestions. It should be mentioned at the out-set that it is impossible completely to classify approaches; and yet there are similarities and dissimilarities among these approaches which enable one to point out ‘family resemblances’. Obviously, such a survey cannot come close to being exhaustive, but certain tendencies can be noted. Moreover, an effort will be made to classify the various approaches according to a continuum. Those that are dealt with first tend towards maintaining the autonomy of religious language, while those that are discussed further along in the article would prefer to relate religious language to empirical experience. In between there are those who would advocate something similar to an eclectic view.
Perfect Discrimination Graphs: Indexing Terms with Integer Exponents

Perfect discrimination trees  are used by many efficient resolution and superposition-based theorem provers (e.g. E-prover [17], Waldmeister , Logic Reasoner, ...) in order to efficiently implement rewriting and unit subsumption. We extend this indexing technique to handle a class of terms with integer exponents (or I-terms), a schematisation language allowing to capture sequences of iterated patterns . We provide an algorithm to construct the so called perfect discrimination graphs from I-terms and to retrieve indexed I-terms from their instances. Our research is essentially motivated (but not restricted to) by some approaches to inductive proofs, for which termination of the proof procedure is capital.
Isolation and stability of partially oxidized intermediates of carp hemoglobin: kinetics of CO binding to the mono- and triferric species.

The monoliganded and triliganded forms of the asymmetric valency hybrids of carp hemoglobin were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography. These partially oxidized hybrids were shown to be sufficiently stable to permit the measurement of the kinetics of CO binding. The effects of protons and inositol hexaphosphate on the rates of these reactions were examined. The kinetics of CO recombination with these partially oxidized derivatives were compared to the kinetics of CO binding to the fully ferrous molecule. To a first approximation, the kinetic behavior of the monoferric derivative was consistent with a small shift in the T<==>R equilibrium in favor of the R state. The presence of three ferric ligands resulted in a still greater shift in the conformational equilibrium in favor of the R state. The kinetic behavior of the triferric molecule was similar, but not identical, to that of a fully ferrous molecule which is triliganded with CO. The properties of both asymmetric valency hybrids were responsive to the nature of the ligand; i.e., the rate of CO binding was increased more by the presence of cyanide on the ferric hemes than by water. Not all of the data could be accommodated within the two-state model. For example, there was evidence of an altered T state in the case of the tricyanomet derivative at low pH in the presence of inositol hexaphosphate.
Deep-sea origin of Ordovician pillow basalt and associated sedimentary rocks, northern Nevada

Greenstone pillow lavas interlayered with pelagic sedimentary rocks of Ordovician age in the Independence Mountains, in the northern Shoshone Range, and at Battle Mountain, Nevada, accumulated at depth in a relatively quiet marine environment. The pillows, commonly 20 to 90 cm across, form layered deposits a few metres to 100 m thick within lower or middle parts of Ordovician formations. Outer parts of some pillows have vesicles averaging only 0.06 to 0.08 mm in diameter, forming 0.05% or less (by volume) of the rock; at many localities, no vesicles were found. Pillows at one locality are conspicuously vesicular from core to rim and have vesicles averaging 0.7 mm in diameter that make up 13% to 15% by volume of the rock. These data, when compared with data from modern lavas, indicate that the nonvesicular and slightly vesicular pillows were emplaced at depths of 4 km or more and that highly vesicular pillows accumulated at depths of about 600 m. Well-developed varioles occur only at the outer edge of the weakly vesicular and nonvesicular pillows; well-formed varioles and abundant vesicles are apparently not compatible in Ordovician pillows of northern Nevada. Corroborative evidence of the deep-water origin of most of the greenstone is found in the associated sedimentary rocks, which belong to a belt of graptolitic shale and chert extending from Nevada to Alaska. Formations along the western part of this belt contain more greenstone and less shale than the rocks farther east, which grade eastward into limestone and shale that is transitional into carbonate rock and quartzite of the miogeosyncline. This transition indicates deposition in progressively shallower water from west to east, resembling facies changes across modern continental margins. Rocks along the eastern side of the graptolitic shale and chert belt have abundant current- and gravity-produced structures that suggest a turbidite origin on the continental slope. The scarcity of these structures in the sedimentary sections along the western part of the belt, the abundance of thin beds, and the depth of water indicated by the pillow lavas suggest that these rocks are quiet-water deposits laid down across the lower part of the continental rise and onto the abyssal ocean floor.
STRUCTURAL ORDER IN LIQUIDS INDUCED BY INTERFACES WITH CRYSTALS

▪ Abstract Interfaces between solids and liquids are important for a range of materials processes, including soldering and brazing, liquid-phase sintering, crystal growth, and lubrication. There is a wealth of fundamental studies on solid-liquid interfaces in materials, primarily focused on thermodynamics (relative interface energies and segregation effects) from high-temperature wetting experiments, which is often applied to processing design. Less is known about the atomistic structure at solid-liquid interfaces, mainly because of the difficulty involved in obtaining such information experimentally. This work reviews both theoretical and experimental studies of atomistic configurations at solid-liquid interfaces, focusing on the issue of ordering in the liquid adjacent to crystalline solids.
The use of planning and control practices in SME's and the relationship with company performance

This paper presents the results of empirical research on the use of management accounting systems in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and the relationship with company performance. The results show that the use of planning and control methods differ significantly according to the size and industry of the firm. Successful companies seem to have more formal long-term plans. While the presence as such of a short-term plan does not appear to be significantly related to firm performance, significant differences appeared regarding the kind of information used and gathered in the preparation of these plans. A longitudinal analysis based on cluster analysis shows that the relation between the use of planning and control practices and performance is not exclusively unidirectional but can also be bi-directional. Finally, weak financial performance drives planning and control in SMEs.
Cut-Formulas in Propositional Logic

Cut formulas in propositional logic can speed up some proofs exponentially [S] (a cut-free system is used as reference when we talk about speed-ups); it is hence important to study proof systems with cut, types of cut formulas (atomic cuts versus general cuts) and also relations between cut and techniques which may speed up proofs. in Section 2, we try to explain the importance of atomic cut formulas. We study the resolution principle [3] and analysis trees  with atomic cut and conjecture that there are proofs by analysis trees with atomic cuts and refutations by resolution, such that transferring them to cut-free proofs will cause exponential increase of the proof length. We also study unit resolution and conclude that transferring refutations by unit resolution to cut-free proofs does not cause exponential increase of the proof length. In Section 3, we discuss using definitions in analysis trees and in resolution. We conclude that it corresponds to using abbreviations in analysis trees and to adding possibilities to use more complicated cut formulas in resolution.
Noble and alkali adatoms on a [Formula: see text]-Ag surface: a first-principles study.

Using first-principles calculations, we present a comprehensive study on the atomic and electronic structures of metal adatoms (noble metals Ag, Au, Cu and alkali metals Li, Na, K) adsorbed on a  see text]-Ag (hereafter  see text]-Ag) surface. We found that adsorption of noble and alkali adatoms can induce significant structural changes in the topmost Ag layer. The most striking and interesting results are the immersion of the noble and Li adatoms into the substrate Ag layer and the finding of the most stable configurations with three adatoms incorporating into or being adsorbed on the surface dependent on their atomic radii. We also found that the almost empty two-dimensional free-electron-like band s1 and its band folding s1(*) of the original surface band s1 of the  see text]-Ag surface split into a gap at the surface Brillouin zone (SBZ) boundary with adsorption of an adatom. The two surface bands gradually move downwards and the s1 band is gradually filled with an increase of coverage. The s1 band is fully occupied with the largest band gap ∼ 0.25 eV between the s1 and s1(*) bands at the critical coverage of 0.14 monolayers (ML) [three adatoms in a  see text]-Ag (hereafter  see text]-Ag) unit cell], which corresponds to the most stable adsorption phase. Although the adsorption configurations are different, both the noble and alkali adatom adsorptions give rise to similar electronic structures at low coverages, indicating a free-electron-like character of the adsorption surfaces.
Toy models of nonperturbative asymptotic freedom in six-dimensional phi3 theory.

We study idealizations of the full nonlinear Schwinger-Dyson equations for the asymptotically free {phi}{sup 3} theory in six dimensions in its metastable vacuum. We begin with the cubic nonlinearity and go on to all-order nonlinearities that contain instanton effects. In an asymptotically free theory the relevant Schwinger-Dyson equations are homogeneous and ultraviolet finite and perturbative methods fail from the outset. We show how our toy models of the cubic Schwinger-Dyson equations contain the usual diseases of perturbation theory in the massless limit (e.g., factorially divergent {beta} functions, singular Borel-transform kernels associated with infrared renormalons) and show how these models yield specific mechanisms for removing such singularities when there is a mass gap. The solutions to these homogeneous equations, in spite of being ultraviolet finite, still depend on an undetermined parameter equivalent to the perturbative renormalization scale {mu}. In the all-order nonlinear equation we show how to recover the usual renormalization-group-improved instanton effects and associated factorial divergences.