nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Monument(al) meaning-making: the Ncome monument & its representation of Zulu identity

This essay offers a reflective reading of a recent Zulu monument/museum built at the Ncome/Blood River battle site in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The essay is organized into three sections: the possibility and politics of such a monument(al) re-presentation, perceiving the monument from the outside, and perusing the museum from the inside. As such, it examines representational issues of ethnicity, race, gender, nation, and power and their role in identity negotiation. More specifically, the essay explores how ‘Zulu’ identities are represented via a monument in post-apartheid South Africa. Ultimately, the monument/museum promotes Zulu nationalism and a Zulu warrior identity, homogenizes and fixes Zulu culture and identity, and, thus, fails to advocate unity and reconciliation, as was originally recommended. The core of this essay was originally written in two cultural studies seminars at the University of California, Davis. Earlier versions of this essay were presented at a Cultu...
Safety of infliximab in 10 years of clinical practice.

Assessment of the long-term safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapies is vital for the safe treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, a disease affecting a young cohort of patients.



The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the safety and long-term outcome of infliximab use in clinical practice in our institution on an intention to treat basis over the 10-year period from December 1998 to 31 December 2008.



All cases receiving infliximab for ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease over a 10-year period were identified from hospital pharmacy records. The study was based on a single centre cohort, with an unselected patient group.



A total of 271 patients were identified as receiving infliximab for either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis over the 10-year study period. In total, 2169 infusions were given to the patient cohort. Fifty adverse events led to discontinuation of infliximab therapy in 47 cases. Two patients stopped due to neurological complications. There were six malignancies diagnosed within the cohort during the study period. Four of these were diagnosed while the individual was receiving Infliximab and two occurred at an interval of 21-52 months post their final infliximab infusion. A total of five deaths (1.5%) were observed during the study period.



Infliximab therapy seems to be safe and efficacious in the long term. Although the development of malignancy remains a concern, we have not seen an increased risk of serious infection within our cohort.
Convergent-beam electron diffraction of CaZr4O9, a complex zirconia alloy phase

The point-group and space-group symmetry of the controversial fluorite-based stoichiometric superlath phase of o 1 (CaZr 4 O 9 : Z=16), considered to be a coherently-intergrown subphase of lime-stabilized zirconia, is examined. Using convergent-beam and selected-area electron diffraction, it is determined that the space group of o 1 is C2/ c , in apparent agreement with earlier studies utilizing other diffraction techniques.
The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography

A wealth of historical writing dealing with the Maghrib (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya) has been published during the roughly forty years since European colonial control ended in the region. This book provides a state of the field survey of this postcolonial Maghribi historiography. The book contains thirteen essays by leading Maghribi and North American scholars. The first section surveys the Maghrib as a whole; the second focuses on individual countries of the Maghrib; and the third explores theoretical issues and case studies. Cutting across chronological categories, the book encompasses historiographical writing dealing with all eras, from the ancient Maghrib to the contemporary period.
Profit distribution management by Islamic banks: An empirical investigation

The objective of this paper is to ascertain whether Islamic banks do in fact manage profit distributions and if so, what factors are associated with the extent of profit distribution management. The results suggest that most Islamic banks manage profit distributions, with the extent of profit distribution directly related to religiosity, financial development, asset composition, and existence of discretionary reserves, while it is inversely related to market familiarity with Islamic banking, market concentration, depositor funding reliance and the age of the Islamic bank.
Redes de cooperação solidárias e inovações financeiras em territórios de pesca

Brazilian artisanal fisheries are inserted in public policies for rural development, but financial agents have difficulties in guaranteeing the segment’s access to official credit. This article discusses the main financial practices used by artisanal fisheries, using as its main reference the case of the Santa Catarina coast. The analysis of the informal financial networks established in the vacuum left by public policies is based on the precepts of economic sociology and new institutional economics. The empiric reflection uses data collected at meetings and in interviews with fishermen, organizations and public administrators linked to the sector, fish buyers and financial and extension agents. Based on the understanding of the main institutional arrangements and the conduct of the artisanal fisheries and final agents on the Santa Catarina coast, the study indicates the low quality of financial services provided to this social category when compared with family farmers. The main justification for this comparison is the fact that artisanal fisheries are offered the same credit policies as those made available to family farmers. Thus, fishermen turn to informal financing schemes, reproducing a common strategy in other low income segments of the Brazilian population. Finally, the study analyzes a recent incentive to organize artisanal fishermen in rural credit cooperatives of a “solidarity” nature. It argues that innovative forms of governance of these experiences contribute to the democratization of rural credit and the strengthening of territorial development dynamics.  solidarity cooperativism, artisanal fishing, sustainable territorial development, government credit policies.
Orientalist Aesthetics: Art, Colonialism, and French North Africa, 1880-1930

Lavishly illustrated with exotic images ranging from Renoir's forgotten Algerian oeuvre to the abstract vision of Matisse's Morocco and beyond, this book is the first history of Orientalist art during the period of high modernism. Roger Benjamin, drawing on a decade of research in untapped archives, introduces many unfamiliar paintings, posters, miniatures, and panoramas and discovers an art movement closely bound to French colonial expansion. Orientalist Aesthetics approaches the visual culture of exoticism by ranging across the decorative arts, colonial museums, traveling scholarships, and art criticism in the Salons of Paris and Algiers. Benjamin's rediscovery of the important Society of French Orientalist Painters provides a critical context for understanding a lush body of work, including that of indigenous Algerian artists never before discussed in English. The painter-critic Eugene Fromentin tackled the unfamiliar atmospheric conditions of the desert, Etienne Dinet sought a more truthful mode of ethnographic painting by converting to Islam, and Mohammed Racim melded the Persian miniature with Western perspective. Benjamin considers armchair Orientalists concocting dreams from studio bric-a-brac, naturalists who spent years living in the oases of the Sahara, and Fauve and Cubist travelers who transposed the discoveries of the Parisian Salons to create decors of indigenous figures and tropical plants. The network that linked these artists with writers and museum curators was influenced by a complex web of tourism, rapid travel across the Mediterranean, and the march of modernity into a colonized culture. Orientalist Aesthetics shows how colonial policy affected aesthetics, how Europeans visualized cultural difference, and how indigenous artists in turn manipulated Western visual languages.
Interaction of the components of the lactose synthetase system.

The modifier action of α-lactalbumin upon galactosyl transferase is pH-dependent. When either N -acetyl glucosamine or glucose is the acceptor, the pH profile of activity is altered in the presence of α-lactalbumin. The effect of α-lactalbumin upon the kinetic constants at a series of pH's has been interpreted in terms of a molecular mechanism of modifier activity. Fluorescence polarization studies indicated that a definite molecular complex between α-lactalbumin and galactosyl transferase is formed in the presence of substrate. Estimates of the equilibrium constants have been made.
An Improved Non-Termination Criterion for Binary Constraint Logic Programs

On one hand, termination analysis of logic programs is now a fairly established research topic within the logic programming community. On the other hand, non-termination analysis seems to remain a much less attractive subject. If we divide this line of research into two kinds of approaches: dynamic versus static analysis, this paper belongs to the latter. It proposes a criterion for detecting non-terminating atomic queries with respect to binary CLP clauses, which strictly generalizes our previous works on this subject. We give a generic operational definition and a logical form of this criterion. Then we show that the logical form is correct and complete with respect to the operational definition.
The evolution of sustainable development

A central principle of corporate social responsibility is that firms should treat their stakeholders in an ethical fashion and that this behaviour should embrace environmental, as well as economic and social considerations. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a theoretical exploration of the concept of sustainable development in its broadest sense and, in so doing, encourage researchers and practitioners to locate and progress with their corporate social responsibility work within a robust ‘sustainable development’ framework. There is an increasing appreciation that Earth’s ecological systems cannot indefinitely sustain present trajectories of human activity. The nature and scale of human activity is exceeding the carrying capacity of the Earth’s resource base, and the resultant waste and pollution streams are exceeding the assimilative capacity. The contribution of the built environment and construction activity to this unsustainable human activity is substantial, and Lenssen and Roodman argue that:
National computerization and road map to information technology research and development

In 1981, Singapore has launched a national computerization program. Several educational, training, civil service computerization and computer industry promotion programs have been carried out. In 1985, encouraged by the positive results achieved, a new mission was added to create a R & D culture and capability for transferring information technology to Singapore for productivity gain and for supporting a successful information and software industry in Singapore for economic growth. Two R & D organizations, Institute of Systems Science (ISS) and Information Technology Institute (ITI) were hence established. This paper gives a historical perspective of Singapore's national computerization program. Some of the Information Technology (IT) R & D projects currently underway are described. Requirements, difficulties, progress and potential impact of these ambitious R & D plans are also discussed.
Matching Sustainability Strategy and Results: A Successful Family Firm Case Study

The aim of the research is to analyze the strategy and the value creation system from a sustainable point of view adopted in an Italian family firm, with a particular focus strategic intensions and strategic projects under implementation. This work has been conducted through the qualitative method of case study, where theory and empirical research are intertwined. In particular, semi-structured interviews and internal document analysis have been conducted. The research shows how the company has implemented the strategy, focusing on sustainability critical success factors and key projects in order to lay the foundation for innovation and growth. The chapter has some theoretical and practical implications as it contributes to integrate the existing literature on family firms, strategic planning, and sustainability, and allows managers better understand how a sustainability strategy can be translated into operational terms.
Texas Music In Europe

Music has always been one of America’s most popular cultural exports to Europe and the rest of the world. While it is true that many Europeans enjoy American pop music, others also have a deep and abiding appreciation for more “roots” based genres of American music, including blues, gospel, jazz, swing, folk, bluegrass, conjunto, cajun, zydeco, or country. In fact, several American musicians have enjoyed larger followings in Europe than they have in the United States, prompting some, such as Josephine Baker, to relocate to Europe, where they believed they had more artistic freedom and greater economic and social opportunities.
Singing Actors and Dancing Singers

This article looks at two recent and widely recognized productions of Henry Purcell's Dido and Aeneas (by choreographer Sasha Waltz, Berlin 2005, and theatre director Sebastian Nubling, Basel 2006) and discusses three main aspects: 1. Genre: coming from a Tanztheater (Waltz) and a Sprechtheater (Nubling) background, each director renegotiates conventions of the operatic genre and consciously evades expectations in pursuit of a new and challenging experience for both the performers and their audience. 2. Physicality: both productions place the performers' bodies at the forefront of the mise-en-scne they remap the singing, dancing, acting body by questioning conventions and expectations commonly found in the production and reception process. 3. Adaptation: both productions take unconventional liberties by adapting in a domain where notions of Werktreue (fidelity to the original work or score) still reign. Adopting ideas from Nicholas Cook and Mikhail Bakhtin, I will argue that the conceptual, musical and theatrical implications of both productions indicate a renegotiation of the social and performative relevance of operatic performance.
Induced crystallization and physical properties of Li2O-CaF2-P2O5:TiO2 glass system Part I. Characterization, spectroscopic and elastic properties

Li 2 O–CaF 2 –P 2 O 5 glasses mixed with different concentrations of TiO 2 (ranging from 0 to 0.8 mol%) were crystallized at 500 °C. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis techniques. Spectroscopic properties (IR and Raman) and elastic properties (viz., Young's modulus E , shear modulus G and micro-hardness H ) at room temperature are studied. The X-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscopic studies revealed the presence of lithium phosphate, lithium titanium phosphate and titanium phosphate crystal phases. The differential thermal analysis traces of these samples exhibit three crystalline temperatures. The IR and Raman spectra of these samples have exhibited bands due to TiO 4 and TiO 6 structural units in addition to the conventional bands due to various phosphate structural groups. The analysis of these results indicated that the sample crystallized with 0.6 mol% of TiO 2 possesses the highest density, high mechanical strength and more compact network.
S-wave velocity structure and tectonic implications of the northwestern sub-basin and Macclesfield of the South China Sea

Based on the optimum P-wave model, the S-wave velocity structure of a wide angle seismic profile (OBS2006-1), across the northwestern sub-basin (NWSB) and the Macclesfield, is simulated by a 2-D ray-tracing method. The results indicate the S-wave velocities in the upper and lower crust of the NWSB are 3.2–3.6 km/s and 3.6–4.0 km/s, with Vp/Vs ratios of 1.82–1.88 and 1.74–1.82, respectively, which reflect typical oceanic crust characteristics. The S-wave velocity in the upper crust of the NWSB is a little higher in the NNW segment than that in the SSE segment, while the lateral variation of Vp/Vs ratio is in the opposite. We suggest that the NWSB might have experienced asymmetrical magma flows during sea floor spreading, which may have blurred the magnetic anomaly lineation. The comparison of S-wave velocities along the northern margin of the SCS shows that the west section is different from the east section, and the northwestern margin has a non-volcanic crust structure. The S-wave structures and P-wave velocity models along the northern margin, Macclesfield and Reed Bank show that the Macclesfield might have a conjugate relationship with the Reed Bank.
THE LIFE OF OTHERS AND THE CULT OF FELIKS DZIERZYNSKY LA VIDA DE OTROS Y EL CULTO A FELIKS DZIERZYNSKY

Narrative knowledge is highly important for intelligence scholars and practitioners and cannot be left aside. The German movie ‘Das Leben der Anderen’ or ‘The Lives of Others’ by movie director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck is a brilliantly visualized, realistic but romantic introduction into the daily life of citizens and the organization, tasks and corporate culture of the former ‘Ministerium fur Staatssicherheit’, ‘MfS’ or ‘Stasi’ in the ‘Deutsche Demokratische Republik’ or German Democratic Republic, ‘GDR’. Highlighting the (cult) figure of Feliks Dzierzynsky is used to bring a historical note on his importance towards the Soviet Union and East German intelligence community. In reviewing the structure of the ‘Stasi’ we argue the functioning of an intelligence organization without any form of oversight tends to
Portability by automatic translation a large-scale case study

Automatic code translation could be a useful technique for software migration, provided it can be done in large-scale industrial applications. We have built an automatic translation system for converting IBM 370 assembly-language programs to C, in order to port the original programs to different architectures. This system, called Bogart, first analyzes the original program in terms of data flow and control flow, and translates it into an abstract internal representation. It performs various transformations on the abstract representation, and finally re-implements it in the target language. Bogart was successfully tested on several large modules with thousands of lines of assembly code each, taken from a commercial database system and application generator. The results of this research are compared with the brute-force approach first implemented by the company, showing Bogart to be superior on all counts. This research is unusual in that it took place in industry, and had a clear objective of translating a real program and not just demonstrating the feasibility of the approach in an academic setting. Lessons from this experience are discussed at the end of the paper.
Generating inequality : mechanisms of distribution in the U.S. economy

For much of the past century the mainstream of economic theory has concentrated on efficiency questions, carefully avoiding judgments on the distribution of economic rewards in society. A measure of the modern neglect of the subject is the fact that of the more than 1500 articles published in the American Economic Review and the Economic journal over the last ten years only some ioo dealt with distributional questions of any kind. Indeed, economic theory has bypassed the equality issue so thoroughly that Joan Robinson has compared the lack of a convincing theory of income distribution to the situation in the early 1930S when the discipline had no theoretical apparatus to deal with unemployment. In her address to the American Economic Association in 1972 she described "the evident bankruptcy of economic theory which for the second time has nothing to say on the question, that to everyone except economists, appears most in need of an answer." However, the mid-9g7os has seen a welcome upsurge of interest in distributional issues. Amartya Sen, Hollis Chenery, A. B. Atkinson, and now Arthur M. Okun and Lester C. Thurow have all produced important theoretical works on the subject. In the early nineteenth century Ricardo defined the laws which regulate income distribution as the principle problem in political economy, not only because of the significance of distributional shares per se but because the theory of income distribution held the key to an understanding of the productive system. It is heartening to see the discipline turning its attention once again to this all important question. Thurow presents a clear picture of the actual distribution of income and wealth in the United States economy and then moves on to evolve a conceptual framework that will square with the observed facts. His demolition of neoclassical marginal productivity theory is neat, elegant, and devastating. The only question mark is how anyone ever believed in such tautological nonsense. Thurow's own theory of income distribution revolves around the notion that in advanced market economies people compete over jobs rather than over wages and that income differentials have something to do with education and training but much more to do with economic
Recent Developments in Classical and Quantum Theories of Connections Including General Relativity

General relativity can be recast as a theory of connections by performing a canonical transformation on its phase space. In this form, its (kinematical) structure is closely related to that of Yang-Mills theory and topological field theories. Over the past few years, a variety of techniques have been developed to quantize all these theories non-perturbatively. These developments are summarized with special emphasis on loop space methods and their applications to quantum gravity.
The impact of Western progressive educational ideas in Japan: 1868–1940

Little is known about the impact of Western educational ideals in Japan during the Meiji (1868–1912), Taisho (1912–1926) and Showa () eras, although, in reality, there was considerable interest among Japanese educators in Western thought and practice and there were numerous attempts to disseminate these ideas widely. This article highlights some of the more significant of these developments and attempts to assess their impact and their interpretation in a Japanese context. Translations of foreign philosophical and educational works on the one hand and the publication of teachers' magazines on the other were the two viaducts for what became little short of a Japanese educational movement that was one of the stepping stones to the modernisation of Japan and which has resonated down to the present. In this article this process is described through its chronological phases, during the period which saw Japan's transition from an intellectually isolated, inward‐looking society into one which developed ...
The Small Open-Economy New Keynesian Phillips Curve: Empirical Evidence and Implied Inflation Dynamics

In this paper we apply GMM estimation to assess the relevance of domestic versus external determinants of CPI inflation dynamics in a sample of OECD countries typically classified as open economies. The analysis is based on a variant of the small open-economy New Keynesian Phillips Curve derived in Galí and Monacelli (Rev Econ Stud 72:707–734, 2005), where the novel feature is that expectations about fluctuations in the terms of trade enter explicitly. For most countries in our sample the expected relative change in the terms of trade emerges as the more relevant inflation driver than the contemporaneous domestic output gap.