nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary palliative care for patients with lung cancer.

Palliative care, including symptom management and attention to quality of life (QOL) concerns, should be addressed throughout the trajectory of a serious illness such as lung cancer. This study tested the effectiveness on an interdisciplinary palliative care intervention for patients with stage I-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).



Patients undergoing treatments for NSCLC were enrolled in a prospective, quasi-experimental study whereby the usual care group was accrued first followed by the intervention group. Patients in the intervention group were presented at interdisciplinary care meetings and appropriate supportive care referrals were made. They also received four educational sessions. In both groups, QOL, symptoms, and psychological distress were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks using surveys which included the FACT-L, FACIT-Sp-12, LCS, and the Distress Thermometer.



A total of 491 patients were included in the primary analysis. Patients who received the intervention had significantly better scores for QOL (109.1 vs. 101.4; p < .001), symptoms (25.8 vs. 23.9; p < .001), spiritual well-being (38.1 vs. 36.2; p < .001), and lower psychological distress (2.2 vs. 3.3; p < .001) at 12 weeks, after controlling for baseline scores, compared to patients in the usual care group. Patients in the intervention group also had significantly higher numbers of completed advance care directives (44% vs. 9%; p < .001), and overall supportive care referrals (61% vs. 28%; p < .001).



Interdisciplinary palliative care in the ambulatory care setting resulted in significant improvements in QOL, symptoms, and distress for NSCLC patients.
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics on the SL(2,R) Spacetime

The Schr\"odinger-type formalism of the Klein-Gordon quantum mechanics is adapted for the case of the $SL(2,\R)$ spacetime. The free particle case is solved, the results of a recent work are reproduced while all the other, topologically nontrivial solutions and the antiparticle modes are also found, and a deeper insight into the physical content of the theory is given.
The Theory of Capitalist Development, Chapter One, "Marx's Method"

The year 1992 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of The Theory of Capitalist Development by Paul Sweezy. It was originally published by Oxford University Press but for many years has been an MR Press title. It has been translated into many languages (German, French, Italian, Spanish, Polish, Serbo-Croat, Japanese, Chinese, among others) and has served as an introduction to Marxism for thousands of students around the world. The MR Press edition still has a steady sale, mostly for classroom use. To observe the occasion and remind readers of the book's continued availability, we reproduce here the first chapter entitled "Marx's Method." This seems to us particularly appropriate in view of the sorry state and dismal prospects of capitalism as we approach the twenty-first century. If this continues, as we are confident it will, a renaissance of Marxism, the heart and soul of which is a critical analysis of capital and capitalism, is as predictable as anything in the realm of human affairs can ever be. - The EditorsThis article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Synthesis and thermal analysis of bisphenol a polycarbonate- ZnO nanocomposites

The Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (size∼10–15 nm) were synthesized by chemical method. The bandgap of these nanoparticles have been found to be 3.21 eV using UV Vis spectroscopy. ZnO nanoparticles were added in bisphenol a polycarbonate (PC) with 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt %. These nanocomposite films were subjected to the thermal analysis using DSC. DSC thermograms reveal the information about glass transition (Tg), melting (Tm) and crystallization (Tc). Thermal stability of these comopites was also discussed in this work.
Language, literature and education in multicultural societies : collaborative research on Africa

This book presents a vivid overview of linguistic, literary and educational issues in a multicultural context from various perspectives. These range from large-scale surveys to specific analyses on aspects of language, literature and education. Contributions are very original and based on a common denominator: Multiculturalism. Despite the numerical dominance of contributions from Cameroon (one of the most multilingual countries in the world), this book brings together views from specialists in the different domains from several parts of the world (Africa, Europe and the United States of America). These contributions exhibit not theoretical issues that underpin current academic debates in linguistic and literary research, but also empirical and interesting data that can further be exploited to other ends. Critical views on literature and postcolonialism, the fears of language death with the advent of globalisation and the spread of English language, the educational significance or influence of the internet, the wealth of Cameroon/African literature and the education of the Cameroonian/African child, and theoretical issues in language and literary education are themes handled here in an accessible manner to readers without previous knowledge of language science, literature and education.
The Golden Age: The Political Concepts of Islam:

The present role of Islam in Middle Eastern politics is not a continuation but a reconstruction of the historical paradigms. In the premodern era, there were two Islamic paradigms. One was of an integral state and society unified under the political and moral leadership of a charismatic religious teacher; the other, of a society divided between state and religious institutions and differentiated political and religious elites, the latter being the custodians of the true Islam. The second tradition made room for purely secular monarchical concepts and a secular political culture. In the modern era, the historical Islamic paradigms have little influence on state formation. Even the avowedly Islamic states do not really hark back to the past but represent, for the most part, contemporary national states appealing to a new concept of national-state Islam.
Revolution and continuity : essays in the history and philosophy of early modern science

This volume presents new work in history and historiography to the increasingly broad audience for studies of the history and philosophy of science. These essays are linked by a concern to understand the context of early modern science in its own context. The papers presented in this volume form four goups. The first two essays address historiographical questions concerning the role of institutions such as universities and scientific academies in the founding of modern science. Mordecahi Feingold substantially qualifies the thesis that universities were the centers of resistance to the new science. David Lux examines the pervasive influence of Martha Ornstein's work concerning 17th-century scientific societies. The second group of essays extends the range of historical studies into generally neglected areas of science. Harold Cook's essay provides an entry into a range of issues connecting medicine and other sciences. Roger Ariew's paper reminds us that astronomy and physics were by no means the exclusive interests of those now remembered as founders of modern physics. The third section of essays is in more traditional areas of interest to historicans and philosophers of science but offers distinctly novel conclusions. Alan Gabbey provides the first modern treatment of a central problem in heliocentric astronomy and cosmology - the nature of the moon's motion. Jospeh Pitt offers a unique picture of the relationship between Bellarmine and Galileo. Bernard Goldstein punctures one of the great myths of the Copernican revolution: Alfonso of Castile's supposed dissatisfaction with the Ptolemaic tradition. Finally, the last group presents papers on early modern mathematics. Francois de Gandt examines Cavalieri's mathematical practice during the period of the development of calculus. Emily Grosholz considers the mathematical practice of Descartes and demonstrates that Descartes' own mathematical ideals were an impediment to the full utilization of the mathematical resources exploited by his successors.
D. Stewart and J. R. McCulloch: economic methodology and the making of orthodoxy

This article sets out to elucidate how economic methodology relates to the making of what came to be seen as orthodox in the emerging discipline of political economy, focussing on two influential lecturers in early nineteenth-century Britain, D. Stewart and J. R. McCulloch. These two discussed methodology at the beginning of their courses using a similar framework of concepts. At the same time, each of them adapted a framework to legitimise his own reading of his predecessors: a laissez-faire reading for Stewart and a class-harmonious reading for McCulloch. The similarities and differences in this and other collateral respects between the two highlight several formative aspects of the so-called orthodoxy in political economy, or, in other words, the embodiment of a supposed tradition that has been thought of as continually and lineally handed down from Smith through Ricardo to Marshall and beyond.
Influence of glacial cycles and tectonics on natural subsidence in the Po Plain (Northern Italy): Insights from 14C ages

Samples rich in organic matter were collected from boreholes in the southern part of the Po Plain (Italy), a rapidly subsiding sedimentary basin. New 14C dates, obtained from these samples, and 14C data from the literature allowed for the evaluation of the rates of natural subsidence in the area. These range from 0 to 5 mm/yr. Most areas show rates around 1 and 2 mm/yr. The obtained subsidence rates are comparable with burial rates obtained from archaeological data. These data are interpreted in terms of long-term (related to tectonics and geodynamics) and short-term (glacial cycle) processes. It is concluded that approximately 50% of the subsidence rates are related to tectonics, geodynamics and sediment load/compaction while the other half is controlled by ice melting. The effects of the glacial cycle through time are discussed. It is shown that the southeastern Po Plain generally behaves as a far-field area in relation to the high-latitude ice caps. Deviations from this behavior observed in the northeastern part of the Po Plain are tentatively interpreted as the effects of ice formation and melting in the Alps during the last glacial cycle.
Laser Processing of Metals and Polymers

A laser offers a unique set of opportunities for precise delivery of high quality coherent energy. This energy can be tailored to alter the properties of material allowing a very flexible adjustment of the interaction that can lead to melting, vaporization, or just surface modification. Nowadays laser systems can be found in nearly all branches of research and industry for numerous applications. Sufficient evidence exists in the literature to suggest that further advancements in the field of laser material processing will rely significantly on the development of new process schemes. As a result they can be applied in various applications starting from fundamental research on systems, materials and processes performed on a scientific and technical basis for the industrial needs. The interaction of intense laser radiation with solid surfaces has extensively been studied for many years, in part, for development of possible applications. In this thesis, I present several applications of laser processing of metals and polymers including polishing niobium surface, producing a superconducting phase niobium nitride and depositing thin films of niobium nitride and organic material (cyclic olefin copolymer). The treated materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolutionmore » optical microscopy, surface profilometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Power spectral density (PSD) spectra computed from AFM data gives further insight into the effect of laser melting on the topography of the treated niobium.« less
TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCIES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY WORKERS. BEYOND DEMAND AND SUPPLY RESTRICTIONS: THE ARGENTINEAN CASE

This paper presents the results of an electronic survey on the technological competencies of the Argentine IT workforce. Studies undertaken in Argentina show that the potential for development of the software and information technology services sector faces significant restrictions on both supply and demand. Up to now, such restrictions were seen from one side of from the other, but not from an integral perspective. Notwithstanding the fundamental value of such research, a way to integrate the vision of supply with that of demand is by way of a cross sector study accounting for the degree of development of the competencies of IT workforce.
A Bayesian Method for Constructing Bayesian Belief Networks from Databases

This paper presents a Bayesian method for constructing Bayesian belief networks from a database of cases. Potential applications include computer-assisted hypothesis testing, automated scientific discovery, and automated construction of probabilistic expert systems. Results are presented of a preliminary evaluation of an algorithm for constructing a belief network from a database of cases. We relate the methods in this paper to previous work, and we discuss open problems.
Technical Foundations of a DPLL-Based SAT Solver for Propositional Gödel Logic

We provide the foundations of automated deduction in the propositional Gödel logic. The propositional Gödel logic is one of the simplest infinitely valued fuzzy logics, which generalizes classical propositional logic. We propose an extension of the Davis–Putnam–Logemann–Loveland (<italic>DPLL</italic>) procedure to this logic and prove its refutational soundness and finite completeness. Using the <italic>DPLL</italic> procedure, we solve the deduction problem <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T\models \phi }$</tex-math> </inline-formula> (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{T}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is a finite theory and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{\phi }$</tex-math></inline-formula> a formula), which covers the finite <italic>SAT</italic> problem for a theory and the <italic>VAL</italic> problem for a formula, obviously. This paper serves, on the one side, as a technical basis for the design of a <italic>SAT</italic> solver; on the other side, gives some preliminary theoretical results concerning the logical and computational foundations of fuzzy inference, which is our main aim.
Ritual, Emotion, and Political Belief: The Search for the Constitutional Limit to Patriotic Education in Public Schools

Young children across America begin the school day with ritualized expressions of loyalty to the nation-state. Relying upon evidence from the cognitive and neurosciences, this article argues that such patriotic rituals embed patriotic predispositions in children's unconscious at a time when they are especially vulnerable to emotional manipulation. These patriotic predispositions in turn sharply constrain children's future conceptions of political reality and shape their political beliefs. Additionally, by conditioning the same symbolic attachments in the vast majority of Americans, ritualized patriotic education contributes to the manipulation of the public by public officials, legitimizes anti-democratic aspects of the American system, and distorts political discourse. The article concludes by arguing that ritualistic patriotic education violates the First Amendment right to freedom of conscience and has no place in public elementary schools.
Theoretical search for collective effects in multiparticle production

The properties of QCD vacuum and of the confinement of quarks and gluons certainly influence the multiparticle production processes. Some phenomenological attempts at the consideration of related collective effects and the possibilities of their experimental detection are briefly discussed. Particular consideration is given to the correlation characteristics of pion systems, statistical and hydrodynamic analogies, the problem of phase transition from a quark–gluon plasma to a multipion state, and the possible modifications of the evolution equations of the quark–gluon jets. The presentation is somewhat simplified and could be interesting for those just entering the field.
Del Mercosur al ALCA: Críticas al Modelo Liberal de Nuevo Regionalismo de la BID

On the basis of the application of the Economic geography approach on the economic integration process of Mercosur, I discuss in the first section a model developed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) in favour of ALCA. In the second section, we discuss the limits of such a conception, pointing out the absence of certain fundamental variables that are nevertheless worth being considered in the study of the economies of the region. Indeed, the international industrial economic aspects, development economics, and the insertion into the world economy of these periphery countries are of dramatic importance in the finance-led accumulation regime that most Latin America countries experience and in the integration process in the Americas.
Palaeoproterozoic (1740 Ma) rift-related volcanism in the Hekla Sund region, eastern North Greenland: field occurrence, geochemistry and tectonic setting

Two Palaeoproterozoic volcanic successions, the Hekla Sund (HS) Formation and the Aage Berthelsen Gletscher (AaB) Gletscher Formation, occur within the Caledonian orogen of eastern North Greenland. They consist mainly of mafic pillow lavas, deformed and metamorphosed under greenschist-facies conditions during the Caledonian orogeny. Zircons from a rhyolitic ignimbrite in the HS Formation have yielded an age of 1740±6 Ma. In both formations the volcanic rocks are intercalated with immature sandstones and conglomerates that accumulated in the vicinity of active fault scarps; a shallow marine, rifted basin is implied. Relative concentrations of the more immobile minor and trace elements (Ti, Zr, Nb, Y and rare-earth elements) in both rock suites were unaffected by the metamorphism. Fractional crystallisation of olivine, clinopyroxene and, probably, plagioclase, as well as assimilation of crustal rocks was involved in the petrogenesis of the HS Formation. The AaB basalts have higher Mg, Ni and Cr and lower concentrations of incompatible elements than the rocks of the HS Formation, and they could be regarded as more primitive products of the same magmatic event. However, marked differences in incompatible trace element ratios in the two suites are unlikely to reflect either differences in fractionation histories or variable contamination, and suggest compositional differences in the mantle source rocks. Basalts from the two formations have distinct e Nd values (−4.6 and −4.8 for the HS Formation, −5.9–−5.6 for the AaB Gletscher Formation), which is consistent with this interpretation. The volcanic rocks at HS and AaB Gletscher were erupted shortly after a long period of orogenic activity between 2000 and 1750 Ma ago. Following post-orogenic emplacement of granites at ca. 1750–1740 Ma, uplift and erosion took place, and accumulation of extensive immature sediments occurred simultaneously with formation of the volcanic rocks described in this paper. The magmatism that gave rise to the two formations may have been caused by melting during lithospheric extension.
McDowell, Sellars, and Sense Impressions

One of John McDowell’s central concerns is to understand the relation between mind and world, to understand intentionality. McDowell believes that ‘that there is no better way for us to approach an understanding of intentionality than by working toward understanding Kant’ (McDowell 1998: 432). McDowell also believes that this conviction is shared by Wilfrid Sellars and that ‘coming to terms with Sellars’s sustained attempt to be a Kantian is a fine way to begin appreciating Kant, and thereby—given the first belief—to become philosophically comfortable with intentionality’ (McDowell 1998: 432). But this is not to say either that Sellars makes understanding Kant easier or that Sellars is a fully adequate guide to the Kantian picture McDowell wants to endorse. Indeed, McDowell believes that ‘a fully Kantian vision of intentionality is inaccessible to Sellars, because of a deep structural feature of his philosophical outlook’ (McDowell 1998: 432). The reason it is profitable to think about Kant through Sellars’s flawed interpretation is that Sellars is straightforward and unembarrassed about his belief that, however brilliant and profound Kant is, he still needs correction, ‘rethinking his thought for ourselves and, if necessary, correcting him at points where we think we see more clearly than he did what he should have been doing’ (McDowell 1998: 431). Thus, McDowell hopes to reveal the truth about intentionality by coming to grips with Kant and his treatment of intentionality; and he hope to reveal the true Kantian vision of intentionality by using Sellars’s ‘corrections’ to highlight certain specific themes and moves in a generally Kantian picture of intentionality. A critique of Sellars’s corrected Kant, and in particular, the ‘deep structural feature of his philosophical outlook’, which infects his reading of Kant, will then help the true Kantian vision stand out all the more distinctly. McDowell’s methodology here, then, is quite complex: we are to get at intentionality indirectly through Kant, and to get at Kant indirectly through Sellars. It is, however, essential to McDowell’s methodology that his critique of Sellars’s corrected Kant have substantive philosophical bite. When we engage in the task of ‘reflecting on the difference between what Sellars knows Kant wrote and what Sellars thinks Kant should have written’ (McDowell 1998: 432), the objection that Sellars ignores or miscontrues Kant’s text holds little force. A corrected Kant cannot be a literal Kant. If we are going to see the true Kant through a critique of Sellars’s corrected Kant, then it will have to be the case that the critique of Sellars’s corrected Kant reveals substantive philosophical error that the true Kant can avoid. Since McDowell clearly implies that the faults in Sellars’s corrected Kant stem from the aforementioned ‘deep structural feature of
Why APL2: a discussion of design principles

<italic>APL</italic>2 represents a quantum leap in the function of the <italic>APL</italic> notation over earlier IBM offerings. Achieving a consistent language required going back to the fundamentals and rethinking some of the original principles of <italic>APL</italic> and in a few cases making some changes.
This paper discusses some of the extensions and gives the reasons why they were chosen over other possible extensions.
What can we do on gravity with antihydrogens

We discuss the implications of the proposed gravitational redshift experiment on antihydrogens. We show that the result should be the same as on hydrogens in spite of different free-fall accelerations (WEP violation) which may occur if there is a vector fifth-force field. We emphasize the experiment is unique in the sense that it tests the Equivalence Principle expressed in its ultimate form, proposed to be called UEP, directly without being disturbed by the effect of possible presence of a scalar fifth-force field.
Effect of Additional Cross-links on Sorption by Keratin

THE removal of cross-links between the peptide chains of keratin can lead to a considerable increase in the amount of water vapour and formic acid vapour absorbed at high relative pressures1, and similar increases in the uptake of water vapour by keratin occur after peptide bond cleavage2. This communication indicates how the introduction of additional cross-links may affect the subsequent sorption behaviour of keratin.