nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionism In Cultural Anthropology: A Critical History

Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropologytraces the interaction of evolutionary thought and anthropological theory from Herbert Spencer to the twenty-first century. It is a focused examination of how the idea of evolution has continued to provide anthropology with a master principle around which a vast body of data can be organized and synthesized. Erudite and readable, and quoting extensively from early theorists (such as Edward Tylor, Lewis Henry Morgan, John McLennan, Henry Maine, and James Frazer) so that the reader might judge them on the basis of their own words, Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropology is useful reading for courses in anthropological theory and the history of anthropology.
Thermochronologic data from Tobago, West Indies: Constraints on the cooling and accretion history of Mesozoic oceanic‐arc rocks in the southern Caribbean

Fission-track thermochronologic studies on mid-Cretaceous dioritic and tonalitic rocks from Tobago, West Indies, provide important temporal constraints on post magmatic Mesozoic cooling as well as the final phase of accretion of these oceanic-arc plutonic rocks onto the continental margin of northern South America. Zircon fission track data indicate that the plutonic rocks of Tobago cooled through the zircon closure isotherm (250° – 200°C) at about 103 Ma. Apatite ages and track length analysis suggest rapid cooling through the apatite annealing zone (120° – 60°C) at about 45 Ma. Furthermore, the track lengths in apatites from these plutonic rocks are all greater than 14 microns, which implies that these rocks have not been above 50°C since 45 Ma. If a geothermal gradient of 25°C/km is inferred, the analyzed samples have been at depths of less than 2 km since 45 Ma. Tobago has occupied an upper crustal structural position since the mid-Cretaceous, and significant final uplift of these Mesozoic oceanic-arc rocks occurred in the mid-Eocene. The tectonothermal history of Tobago since the mid-Eocene has not involved deep burial or a high-temperature thermal flux. This history apparently has chiefly involved translation of the Tobago terrane along the Caribbean - South America Plate Boundary Zone at upper crustal levels.
A New Time Extension to phi-Calculus based on Time Consuming Transition Semantics

Tri-alkali metal di(carboxyalkyl) dithiocarbamates and triammonium-di(carboxyalkyl) dithiocarbamates which can be characterized by the formula (I) wherein R and R' can be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of alkylene radicals, preferably alkylene radicals each preferably having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal atoms and ammonium; their use as ore flotation depressants; and a process for making these novel compositions are disclosed.
Are hospitalized patients with fragile fractures managed properly in relation to underlying osteoporosis?

Osteoporotic fractures are an important reason of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population and impose huge economic burden on health services. There have been major advances in the treatment of osteoporosis, and many steps can be taken to prevent or even reduce the risk of fractures. Orthopedic surgeons manage most of these fractures and are often the only clinician seen by the patient.



We performed a survey of 515 patients with osteoporotic fractures who were admitted to 3 level I trauma hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Patients were evaluated with a questionnaire to determine whether orthopedic surgeons informed their patients about aspects of osteoporosis other than their fracture, and if appropriate, evaluation and treatment for osteoporosis were initiated. The questionnaires were completed in 2 years (mean) from their admissions.



Only 10.5% patients reported that they had been told by an orthopedic surgeon that they had osteoporosis. Only 3.3% had bone mineral density appointments. Few had received treatment for osteoporosis-only 8.2% of patients had been treated with calcium and vitamin D, and 3.5% with a bisphosphonate.



We believe that the majority of the orthopedic surgeons lacked sufficient training in osteoporosis; therefore, engaging other providers in their healthcare system can create a pathway for the assessment and treatment of osteoporosis, to guarantee the patient the best care.
Constrained Quantization of Charged Strings in a Background B Field and g-Factors

The Dirac quantization is performed for the constrained system of the open string with different charges located at both ends in the constant background B field. Noncommutativity reveals to commutators [X, X], [P, P] and also [X,P] at both ends of the string. We consider a dependence on the change of the "cyclotron frequency" of the charged string. The g-factor of the charged string is also calculated in the framework of our formulation.
High T/P metamorphism and granite genesis beneath ophiolite thrust sheets

It is well known that anatexis of sedimentary rocks took place in the dynamothermal aurcoles of some ophiolites, yielding granitic melts which invaded the overlying ophiolite sequences as veins and as granite bodies up to 1 km in maximum dimension. This study of the geological setting, geochemistry and thermal conditions of genesis of the granitic rocks generated during emplacement of three ophiolite complexes, the Semail thrust sheet of Oman, the Guevgueli Complex in northern Greece and the Lizard Complex in southwest Fngland, suggests that: 1) the granites probably represent minimum melts formed by water-saturated melting at about 3-5 kb pressure and 650-750 'C; 2) the protoliths were probably hemipelagic sediments containing a terrigenous component that rendered them fusable although that component varied in composition between the granites studied; 3) the oceanic lithosphere beneath which these sediments were subducted must have been young (< < 10 Ma) and hence hot at the time of subduction; and 4) high shear stresses or deep subduction are needed to account for the heat required to generate the granite bodies.
The enigmatic archaeal virosphere

One of the most prominent features of archaea is the extraordinary diversity of their DNA viruses. Many archaeal viruses differ substantially in morphology from bacterial and eukaryotic viruses and represent unique virus families. The distinct nature of archaeal viruses also extends to the gene composition and architectures of their genomes and the properties of the proteins that they encode. Environmental research has revealed prominent roles of archaeal viruses in influencing microbial communities in ocean ecosystems, and recent metagenomic studies have uncovered new groups of archaeal viruses that infect extremophiles and mesophiles in diverse habitats. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the genomic and morphological diversity of archaeal viruses and the molecular biology of their life cycles and virus–host interactions, including interactions with archaeal CRISPR–Cas systems. We also examine the potential origins and evolution of archaeal viruses and discuss their place in the global virosphere.
Inheriting the legacy of critique: dreams of freedom and nightmares of despair

OF THE DISSERTATION Inheriting the Legacy of Critique: Dreams of Freedom and Nightmares of Despair by KENNETH MICHAEL PANFILIO Dissertation Director: Drucilla Cornell This dissertation takes as its challenge the attempt to vivify the practice of affirmative political philosophy as we try to take up the redemptive work commanded upon us when we inherit the legacy of critique, which is articulated in this project to suggest that human beings are the source of all valuation in the larger world. Accepting such a position recognizes that despite the deep abyss of absurdity that painfully emaciates our subjectivity in the world we must also remember, in the words of Albert Camus, that someone “must give the void its colors.” Subsequent chapters juxtapose various thinkers whose work is animated to present a dialectical engagement between antonymous forces of progressive dreams for the fulfillment of our shared human freedom (Immanuel Kant and Karl Marx) simultaneously threatened by corresponding nightmares of despair providing ample warning to the pathological catastrophes rampant throughout our modern age (Martin Heidegger and Theodor Adorno). While each philosophical pairing plays out different mediations between dreams of freedom and nightmares of despair, each engagement is appended by a small reprisal, or return to the original theme, discussing what is philosophically at stake in such an
Uitdagings wat vaders beleef in hulle verhouding met hul leergestremde kind

The present study is aimed at the exploration and description of fathers’ perceptions and experience of challenges in their relationship with their learningimpaired child.  Learning impairment is a very common problem in children, and is known to have a negative effect on the child itself and on the parents of these children. Parents with a learning-impaired child experience additional stress. This study focuses only on the father, as most of the current research only focuses on the mother-child relationship, because the mother is seen as the primary caretaker of the child.  A qualitative research design was used. The population was fathers with a learning-impaired child in the age group of 13-18 years and with a learning impairment that is caused by intrinsic factors. The data was obtained by semi-structured interviews with five fathers, as well as with a group discussion to determine the fathers’ experience of their relationship with their learning-impaired child. A thematic analysis was used to synthesise the data. The elements of qualitative exploratory and explanatory theory served as a broad framework for the study.  The fathers described their relationship with their learning-impaired child as experiencing a lot of frustration and not having a good relationship with their child. Feelings of disappointment were primarily related to the unmet expectations that they had for their children. It seemed that the fathers have not yet accepted the learning disability of their children. A sense of no support from the schools and from the broader community has also led to a negative experience with the learning impairment of the child.
Dynamic quality and change management for large scale concurrent design and construction projects

Though concurrent design and construction has been lauded for reducing the time of the total processes, such an approach may make projects more uncertain and complex than those where a sequential design and construction process is used. The main sources of risk are iterative cycles that result from errors and changes introduced during the execution of concurrent design and construction. Such cycles create subsequent impacts on the project performance. In addition, traditional network scheduling tools are not adequate to deal with problems encountered during concurrent design and construction because they consider the project only as a combination of discrete activities and ignore dynamic interactions between different activities. In this context, Dynamic Planning and control Methodology (DPM), a simulation-based planning and control tool, was developed to help prepare a robust construction plan that would avoid these uncertainties. However, DPM focuses only on iterative cycles caused by quality problems in construction, and it lacks the capability to deal with change cycles. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a framework for quality and change management and a new generation of DPM based on this framework. The new DPM incorporates the traditional network tools and buffering strategies into system dynamics simulation models and aims to capture iterative cycles and their impact on design and construction performance in advance. Generated policy guidelines and analysis by the new DPM show comprehensive project profiles and help avoid unnecessary redundant subsequent actions. In addition, uncertainties of complex concurrent projects can be reduced by the buffering strategy of the new DPM. Finally, a case study of a bridge project demonstrates that DPM can help prepare robust and systemic planning for concurrent design and construction in the real world setting, and DPM allows managers or site engineers to analyze the unpredictable incidents that may occur during concurrent design and construction and to anticipate their impacts on project performance.  Feniosky Pefia-Mora Title: Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Geological implications of Late Cambrian trilobites from the Collier Shale, Jessieville area, Arkansas

Late Cambrian shelf trilobites characteristic of the Elvinia and Taenicephalus Zones (Franconian Stage) have been recovered from seven localities in newly recognized outcrops of the Collier Shale near Jessieville, Arkansas. Deposition of the Collier Shale spanned the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary; Late Cambrian trilobites occur in the lower part and Early Ordovician conodonts occur in the upper part of the formation. The trilobites are well known from many shallow-water shelf localities in North America, and their presence indicates that the Benton uplift is not an exotic terrane but an original part of North America. The thin, dark limestones containing the trilobites were deposited in a deep-water, outer-shelf or continental-slope location, and they establish an approximate position for the Late Cambrian shelf edge along the southern margin of North America.
Stratifying the risks of oral anticoagulation in patients with liver disease.

Chronic liver disease presents a relative contraindication to warfarin therapy, but some patients with liver disease nevertheless require long-term anticoagulation. The goal is to identify which patients with liver disease might safely receive warfarin.



Among 102 134 patients who received warfarin from the Veterans Affairs from 2007 to 2008, International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision codes identified 1763 patients with chronic liver disease. Specific diagnoses and laboratory values (albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and cholesterol) were examined to identify risk of adverse outcomes, while controlling for available bleeding risk factors. Outcomes included percent time in therapeutic range, a measure of anticoagulation control, and major hemorrhagic events, by International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision codes. Patients with liver disease had lower mean time in therapeutic range (53.5%) when compared with patients without (61.7%; P<0.001) and more hemorrhages (hazard ratio, 2.02; P<0.001). Among patients with liver disease, serum albumin and creatinine levels were the strongest predictors of both outcomes. We created a 4-point score system: patients received 1 point each for albumin (2.5-3.49 g/dL) or creatinine (1.01-1.99 mg/dL), and 2 points each for albumin (<2.5 g/dL) or creatinine (≥2 mg/dL). This score predicted both anticoagulation control and hemorrhage. When compared with patients without liver disease, those with a score of zero had modestly lower time in therapeutic range (56.7%) and no increase in hemorrhages (hazard ratio, 1.16; P=0.59), whereas those with the worst score (4) had poor control (29.4%) and high hazard of hemorrhage (hazard ratio, 8.53; P<0.001).



Patients with liver disease receiving warfarin have poorer anticoagulation control and more hemorrhages. A simple 4-point scoring system using albumin and creatinine identifies those at risk for poor outcomes.
Discourse and the Individual: The Case of Colonialism in The Tempest

FOR MANY YEARS IDEALIST READINGS OF THE TEMPEST presented Prospero as an exemplar of timeless human values. They emphasized the way in which his hard-earned "magical" powers enable him to re-educate the shipwrecked Italians, to heal their civil war-and, even more important, to triumph over his own vengefulness by forgiving his enemies; they emphasized the way he achieves, if not a wholly "brave," at least a harmoniously reconciled new world. Within the last few years, however, numbers of critics have offered remarkably similar critiques of this reading. There is an essay on The Tempest in each of three recent anthologies of alternative, political, and reproduced Shakespeare criticism, and another in the volume on estranging Renaissance criticism; The Tempest was a focus for the 1988 SAA session on "Shakespeare and Colonialism" and was one of the masthead plays in the Folger Institute's 1988 seminar on new directions in Shakespeare studies. Together,
Adsorption of thymine and uracil on 1:1 clay mineral surfaces: comprehensive ab initio study on influence of sodium cation and water.

This computational study performed using the density functional theory shows that hydrated and non-hydrated tetrahedral and octahedral kaolinite mineral surfaces in the presence of a cation adsorb the nucleic acid bases thymine and uracil well. Differences in the structure and chemistry of specific clay mineral surfaces led to a variety of DNA bases adsorption mechanisms. The energetically most predisposed positions for an adsorbate molecule on the mineral surface were revealed. The target molecule binding with the surface can be characterized as physisorption, which occurs mainly due to a cation-molecular oxygen interaction, with hydrogen bonds providing an additional stabilization. The adsorption strength is proportional to the number of intermolecular interactions formed between the target molecule and the surface. From the Atoms in Molecules analysis and comparison of binding energy values of studied systems it is concluded that the sorption activity of kaolinite minerals for thymine and uracil depends on various factors, among which are the structure and accessibility of the organic compounds. The adsorption is governed mostly by the surface type, its properties and presence of cation, which cause a selective binding of the nucleobase. Adsorbate stabilization on the mineral surface increases only slightly with explicit addition of water. Comparison of activity of different studied kaolinite mineral models reveals the following order for stabilization: octahedral-Na-water > octahedral-Na > tetrahedral-Na > tetrahedral-Na-water. Further investigation of the electrostatic potentials helps understanding of the adsorption process and confirmation of the active sites on the kaolinite mineral surfaces. Based on the conclusions that clay mineral affinity for DNA and RNA bases can vary due to different structural and chemical properties of the surface, a hypothesis on possible role of clays in the origin of life was made.
A fundamental plant evolutionary problem: the origin of land-plant sporophyte; is a new hypothesis possible?

The origin of the sporophyte in land plants represents a fundamental phase in the plant evolution. Today this subject is controversial and, in my opinion, scarcely considered in our textbooks and journals of botany, in spite of its importance. There are two conflicting theories concerning the origin of the alternating generations in land plants: the "antithetic" and the "homologous" theory. These have never been fully resolved. The antithetic theory maintains that the sporophyte and gametophyte generations are fundamentally dissimilar and that the sporophyte originated in an ancestor organism with haplontic cycle by the zygote dividing mitotically rather than meiotically, and with a developmental pattern not copying the developmental events of the gametophyte. The sporophyte generation was an innovation of critical significance for the land-plant evolution. By contrast, the homologous theory simply stated that a mass of cells forming mitotically from the zygote adopted the same developmental plan of the gametophyte, but giving origin to a diploid sporophyte. In this context, a very important question concerns the possible ancestor or ancestors of the land plants. Considerable evidences at morphological, cytological, ultrastructural, biochemical and, especially, molecular level, strongly suggest that the land plants or Embryophyta (both vascular and non-vascular) evolved from green algal ancestor(s), similar to those belonging to the genus Coleochaete, Chara and Nitella, living today. Their organism is haploid for most of their life cycle, and diploid only in the zygote phase (haplontic cycle). On the contrary, the land plants are characterized by a diplo-haplontic life cycle. Several questions are implied in these theories, and numerous problems remain to be solved, such as, for example, the morphological difference between gametophyte and sporophyte (heteromorphism, already present in the first land plants, the bryophytes), and the strong gap existing between these last with a sporophyte dependent on the gametophyte, and the pteridophytes having the gametophyte and sporophyte generations independent. On the ground of all of the evidences on the ancestors of the land plants, the antithetic theory is considered more plausible than the homologous theory. Unfortunately, no phylogenetic relationship exists between some green algae with diplontic life cycle and the land plants. Otherwise, perhaps, it should be possible to hypothesize another scenario in which to place the origin of the alternating generations of the land plants. In this case, could the gametophyte be formed by gametes produced from the sporophyte, through their mitoses or a delayed fertilization process?
Imagination and the Contemporary Novel

1.  globalization, imagination, and the novel 2. Aesthetic revolutions: white South African writing and the state of emergency 3. The pastoral and the postmodern 4. Hybridity, enterprise culture, and the fiction of multicultural Britain 5. Ghosts of essentialism: racial memory as epistemological claim 6. Amitav Ghosh and the aesthetic turn in postcolonial studies Conclusion Works cited.
A Note on Strictly Competitive Games

Strictly competitive games are a class of 2-player games often quoted in the literature to be a proper generalization of zero-sum games. Other times it is claimed, e.g. by Aumann, that strictly competitive games are only payoff transformations of zero-sum games. But to the best of our knowledge there is no proof of such claim. We shed light to this point of confusion in the literature, showing that any strictly competitive game is indeed a payoff transformation of a zero sum-game; in fact, an affine transformation. We offer two proofs of this fact, one combinatorial and one algebraic.
[Ergonomics in the industrial environment and ergonomic community activities of the European Coal and Steel Community].

The author stresses the permanent evolution of the working conditions in the industry. He pays a particular attention to the changes which were experienced in this regard since two decades in the coal mines. The ergonomist tries to give an impartial answer to the new problems by means of a scientific approach in order to help those who are responsible for the social and technical progress. The author reminds the principles of this approach. He analyses the definition of ergonomics and shows how this discipline may be applied in the coal mines. He reminds the important role played in this regard by the ECCS, and the realizations which could be performed in the coal industry as well. A comment on the objectives and means of the 4th research ergonomic programme of the European Communities is presented.