nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Blueschist facies overprint of late Triassic Tethyan oceanic crust in a subduction–accretion complex in north-central Anatolia, Turkey

The late Cretaceous accretionary complex along the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan suture zone, northern Turkey, includes various types of metamorphic rock together with radiolarite, sandstone, mudstone, serpentinite, basalt and limestone. Meta-plagiogranite blocks (up to 5 m in diameter) and a meta-gabbro slice (800 × 500 m) cross-cut by meta-plagiogranite are observed in a matrix of serpentinite, mudstone and radiolarian chert. These meta-gabbros and meta-plagiogranites show subduction-related geochemical characteristics. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb dating of zircons from two meta-plagiogranites yielded 222.3 ± 1.5 and 227.2 ± 1.6 Ma crystallization ages. This study shows that the meta-gabbro and meta-plagiogranite from the accretionary complex are remnants of the metamorphosed equivalents of the late Triassic lower crustal rocks of the subducted Tethyan oceanic crust. They are the oldest lower crustal rocks observed in the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan suture zone. Both the meta-gabbros and meta-plagiogranites have Na–Ca amphiboles, indicating blueschist facies metamorphism. However, phengites from a blueschist facies rock yielded an 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age of 104.3 ± 0.7 Ma, indicating that blueschist metamorphism occurred during the Albian. All these data suggest that the oceanic crust formed during the Norian, metamorphosed during the Jurassic to early Cretaceous and then dismembered during accretionary complex formation in the late Cretaceous.  A complete description of the analytical methods ( electron microprobe, LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age analyses, pseudo-section modelling and THERMOCALC) are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6509984
Quality of life effects of antithrombin III in sepsis survivors: results from the KyberSept trial [ISRCTN22931023]

IntroductionTreatment of sepsis is aimed at increasing both the duration and quality of survival. A long-term focus on quality of life (QoL) in clinical trial evaluations of sepsis care should be a priority.MethodQoL data were used to evaluate the effects of intravenous antithrombin III treatment for severe sepsis measured for up to 90 days during the follow-up phase of the KyberSept phase III clinical trial. A visual analog scale and a Karnofsky scale were used to measure physical, psychologic, and social QoL at regular intervals. Changes from baseline between placebo and antithrombin III groups were assessed using Wilcoxon statistical tests, with additional analyses by severity of illness and admitting diagnosis.ResultsAmong all sepsis survivors in the trial, there was a significant advantage on some attributes of QoL in the antithrombin III subgroup of patients who did not receive heparin as compared with the corresponding placebo group.DiscussionThe present study represents the first attempt to evaluate patient QoL over a relatively long period in a large, randomized, placebo-controlled sepsis trial. Over a 90-day period, survivors of severe sepsis receiving antithrombin III experienced significant improvements as compared with placebo on several attributes of QoL. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that clinical improvements over an extended time period with antithrombin III were complemented by improvements in QoL, particularly in social and psychologic functioning, in many patients.
Errata for the paper "Predecessor existence problems for finite discrete dynamical systems" [TCS 386 (1-2) (2007) 3-37]

We point out some minor corrections to the proof of Theorem 4.1 in the above paper. As presented, the proof of Theorem 4.1 uses a reduction from a special version of the Planar 3SAT problem (called RP3SAT) in which each clause has exactly three literals, each variable appears in at most three clauses and the factor graph corresponding to the instance is planar. It is incorrect to use a reduction from RP3SAT to prove the hardness of the predecessor existence problems for SDSs and SyDSs on grids since the RP3SAT problem is efficiently solvable even without the planarity restriction, as shown by Tovey . However, the result of Theorem 4.1 can be established by a reduction from a restricted version of Planar 3SAT (henceforth referred to as Pl-B3SAT) in which each clause has two or three literals and each variable appears in at most three clauses. There is a local replacement-based ultra efficient (decision, parsimonious) reduction from 3SAT to Pl-B3SAT . Thus, Pl-B3SAT is NP-complete, #Pl-B3SAT is #P-complete, Unique-Pl-B3SAT is DP -complete and Ambiguous-Pl-B3SAT is NP-complete. In the proof of Theorem 4.1, when the reduction is carried out from Pl-B3SAT, the constructions of the underlying grids for both SDSs and SyDSs remain the same. The only change is that the local transition functions for each node corresponding to a two literal clause should be the 4-simple-threshold function. (For each node corresponding to a three literal clause, the local transition function remains the 3-simple-threshold function, as in the paper.) Because of this change, some minor modifications are also needed for a few sentences in the discussion of the construction. These modifications are indicated below. (The page and line numbers used in the following discussion correspond to the corrected page proofs for the paper.
Extending Plan Inference Techniques to Recognize Intentions in Information Graphics

Plan inference techniques have been used extensively to understand natural language dialogue. But as noted by Clark[5], language and communication are more than just utterances. This paper presents the problems that we have had to address and the solutions that we have devised in designing a system to recognize intentions from information graphics. Our work is part of a larger project to develop an interactive natural language system that provides an alternative means for individuals with sight-impairments to access the content of information graphics.
Does Ti+4 Ratio Improve the Physical Properties of CdxCo1−x+tTitFe2−2tO4?

The microstructure and magnetic properties of Ti substituted CoCd ferrites of the general formula CdxCo1−x+tTitFe2−2tO4, x = 0.20, 0.00⩽t⩽0.25 have been reported. The ferrite samples were prepared by standard double sintering ceramic technique and structural analysis was carried out using X‐ray diffraction. The spinel structure is confirmed for all concentration. Some physical properties (such as lattice parameter, density and porosity) have been also calculated. Temperature and magnetic field dependence of susceptibility is illustrated for all Ti contents. Both experimental and theoretical values of the effective magnetic moment were increased with increasing Ti content. The Curie temperature increases with the addition of Ti up to t = 0.15 after which it decreases. The effect of mechanical pressure on the dc resistivity at room temperature enhances the use of the samples in some applications.
Embedding theorems for graphs establishing negative partition relations

We started to work on this paper with the following observation . If 4 is a graph on J~ 1 vertices and establishing the negative partition relation tt l ]) 2 then 4 is universal for countable graphs . This last statement means that every countable graph N is isomorphic to a spanned subgraph of q . We have stated a number of results and problems of the above type in our paper  written in 1971 .  Quite a few of these problems will be solved or modified by the results of this paper . S. Shelah has made an important remark concerning our problem. He has shown that our starting result cannot be generalized for higher cardinals .
Logical fiberings and polycontextural systems

Based on the notion of abstract fiber spaces the concept of a logical fibering is developed. This was motivated by a project where so-called polycontextural logics were discussed. The fiber space approach provides a rather general framework for the modeling of such non classical logics. It gives the possibility to construct a variety of new logical spaces from a given (indexed) system of logics. These spaces are in some sense parallel (inference) systems. We can give a straight forward definition and classification of the so-called transjunctions arising in polycontextural logics. These are bivariate operations having values distributed over different logical subsystems. Univariate, bivariate operations are introduced in functional notation. The group generated by the generalized negation operations and system changes is investigated. We make some remarks on aspects of applicability and links to other work.
Securing Workflows with XACML, RDF and BPEL

The XACML is the access controller of the World Wide Web (WWW). The current reference implementation has a single policy decision point and a policy enforcement point. If XACML policies are used to control workflow among cooperating web services, such as those envisioned in more contemporary languages like (BPEL), it requires coordination to be policy compliant. We propose the necessary enhancements required to do so by passing contextual informationthat are needed for the requester to evaluate an access control decision as opposed to the standard four decision values of permit, deny, indeterminate to make a decisionand an unforeseeable error occurred during evaluation. Proposed contextual information is sufficient to coordinate and if necessary synchronize among coordinating policy enforcement points distributed among the WWW. We show how the contextual information can be constructed and verified using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the coordination implemented using BPEL.
Challenges and possibilities for understanding men's health in twenty-first century forensic psychiatric care.

Forensic psychiatric care in Sweden constitutes a specific institutional environment in health care in terms of gender and power relationships. This context emphasizes safety and protection in an environment where men constitute a majority of the patients and staff. It involves relationships among men's health, constructions of masculinities, and issues regarding equality between women's and men's caring work. The aim of this theoretical article is to problematize men's health in relation to constructions of masculinities. Our analysis shows how the perception of health is involved in the construction of masculinities and how this plays out in daily interactions between caregivers and patients.
Compulsory Treatments in France

The 1990 law that regulates involuntary psychiatric treatment in France will be reassessed in the near future. This law replaced the previous law, enacted in 1838, which originally sought to protect psychiatric patients. Even though the law of 1838 remained relevant into the late twentieth century, it came under criticism as it was unable to protect individual freedom as currently conceived. In this paper, we review the few assessment studies that have been carried-out in France since the promulgation of the new law. We describe the modality according to which the law is applied in everyday life, as well as in the different professional contexts. We detail the difficulties of its enforcement and its effects on the organization of French public extra-hospital psychiatry, most notably at the time of the social reintegration of the patient. The impact of the law on the stigmatization of mental patients and on their possible segregation is studied. We assemble the viewpoints of users, families, and care giver...
THE THIRD SOUTHERN AFRICAN STUDENTS’ PSYCHOLOGY CONFERENCE JOHANNESBURG, 24 TO 28 JUNE 2013

I love learning, whether it is through a lecture, practical application or a book. Not only that, I love the opportunity experiential learning brings to the individual. Furthermore, when it is incorporated in a learning programme, the reflective component of experiential learning provides a heightened sense of being part of something bigger than self. It not only enriches the individual with a deeper knowledge of one's self and capabilities, but also an opportunity to peer into this emerging new professional identity rearing to go and contribute! That's the essence of what I came with to the Student's Conference. Although it was my first students' conference to attend, I had a sense of 'this is bigger than me, this is a special moment in time' euphoric feeling. No other experience could have captured this 'awesome' feeling for me than the award-winning WITS choir.
Inhaled corticosteroids and mortality in COPD.

In response to the letter by Ernst and Suissa1 published in the August edition of Thorax , the issue of incomplete ascertainment of vital status information in five of the seven trials included in the pooled analysis was discussed in the paper.2 This would only make a meaningful impact on the overall results if patients in the inhaled corticosteroid group who withdrew were more likely to die than those patients who withdrew from the placebo arm of the trials. There is no …
Cofinally Invariant Sequences and Revision

Revision sequences are a kind of transfinite sequences which were introduced by Herzberger and Gupta in 1982 (independently) as the main mathematical tool for developing their respective revision theories of truth. We generalise revision sequences to the notion of cofinally invariant sequences, showing that several known facts about Herzberger’s and Gupta’s theories also hold for this more abstract kind of sequences and providing new and more informative proofs of the old results.
Logic for the computer sciences

In the usual college curriculum of today, one finds courses in logic concentrated primarily in three areas--philosophy, mathenmtics and electrical engineering. The philosopher is concerned to a large extent with logic in language---the formulation of logical arguments, the semantics of the logical connectives and the application of logical principles to everyday discourse. With this emphasis, logical symbols are a convenience rather than a necessity. The mathematician, on the other hand, is distinctly interested in the symbols and their relationships. Mathematical logic is highly abstract and algebraic. One might in fact criticize mathematical logic courses in that they make little attempt to apply and relate logic to other areas of mathematics. The electrical engineer is perhaps most directly opposite to the philosopher, since for him the philosophical logic is largely irrelevant. The symbols and their algebraic manipulation are what prove of use in circuit design and analysis. Engineering logic is indeed applied, but often quite rudimentaI3, from the mathematician's view. In developing a sequence of courses in logic for a computer science curriculum, it is appropriate that we plan the sequence to include exposure to all of the above areas. The objective should be to give the student a good background in all areas of logic which are now relevant to the computing sciences and those which will apparently become relevant within a few years. At the same time, we should avoid prolonged emphasis on those areas of logic which are more properly the concern of another discipline. Thus we should emphasize the linguistic aspects of logic since we do design assembly and compiler languages, and we do formulate algorithms. But we should not be concerned with the analysis of the classical logical syllogisms and their recognition in ordinary language. We should delve quite deeply into symbolic and algebraic logic since the computer is a symbol manipulator and since the algebra of our logic is reflected moreor-less directly in the design of computer software and hardware. But at present one should probably not spend a great deal of time on the various concepts of completeness, consistency, etc., on intuitionism, on modal logics and other such topics. We should discuss the realization of computer functions with various types of logical elements and spend some time on the associated problems of timing and minimization since we are in fact concerned with actual computers. But it is undoubtedly better left to other departments to teach the electronics and physics involved in this realization, and a computer science course in logical design should probably stop at the logical elements without discussing their exact physical form.
Complex Trajectories of Particles and "Battle of Tachyons" in Quantum Vacuum

Random trajectories in complex space are considered in the context of the quantum theory. Wave function is represented as effective probability density for complex trajectory. Interaction between complex and complex conjugate tra-jectories is considered as tachyon-antitachyon interaction. Vortices in complex space are introduced as a representation of such interaction. The Heisenberg's uncertainty relation reads: ∆p∆x ∼ h (1) where ∆p is uncertainty of momentum (p = mv-product of mass and velocity of particle), ∆x is uncertainty of coordinate and h is Planck's constant. Relation (1) seems to preclude the existence of trajectory: the more exactly we know location the more uncertain is velocity. Probability density of particle position is given by P = ΨΨ * , where Ψ(t, x) is the wave function and star indicates complex conjugate. For simplicity, we consider the one-dimensional case, but generalization is obvious. Schrödinger's equation has the form (see, for example, Ref. 1): ih∂Ψ/∂t = −(h 2 /2m)∂ 2 Ψ/∂x 2 + U (x)Ψ (2) Here U (x) is the potential energy of the particle in the external field, i is the imaginary unit. The strange behavior of particles is not associated with particular form of potential energy. So, we put U = 0 and consider the influence of the quantum vacuum on the motion of particle. Equation (2) becomes very simple: ∂Ψ/∂t = iq∂ 2 Ψ/∂x 2 , q ≡ h/2m (3) where q is the coefficient of imaginary diffusion (ID). Equation for Ψ * has the same form as (3) with minus in the right hand side. General solution of equation (3) in unbounded space can be obtain with use of Fourier transform: ∂ Ψ/∂t = −iqk 2 Ψ (4) where k is the wave number and Ψ(t, k) is the transform of Ψ(t, x). Solution of (4) is: Ψ(t, k) = Ψ 0 (k) exp{−iqk 2 t} (5)
On Automating Inductive and Non-inductive Termination Methods

The Coq and ProPre systems show the automated termination of a recursive function by first constructing a tree associated with the specification of the function which satisfies a notion of terminal property and then verifying that this construction process is formally correct. However, those two steps strongly depend on inductive principles and hence Coq and ProPre can only deal with the termination proofs that are inductive. There are however many functions for which the termination proofs are non-inductive. In this article, we attempt to extend the class of functions whose proofs can be done automatically a la Coq and ProPre to a larger class including functions whose termination proofs are not inductive. We do this by extending the terminal property notion and replacing the verification step above by one that searches for a decreasing measure which can be used to establish the termination of the function.
A Survey of Name-Passing Calculi and Crypto-Primitives

The paper surveys the literature on high-level name-passing process calculi, and their extensions with cryptographic primitives. The survey is by no means exhaustive, for essentially two reasons. First, in trying to provide a coherent presentation of different ideas and techniques, one inevitably ends up leaving out the approaches that do not fit the intended roadmap. Secondly, the literature on the subject has been growing at very high rate over the years. As a consequence, we decided to concentrate on few papers that introduce the main ideas, in the hope that discussing them in some detail will provide sufficient insight for further reading.
The Buddhist murals of Pagan : timeless vistas of the cosmos

Treasures hide in the temples of Pagan - treasures in part never meant to be seen, enshrouded in the darkness of high vaults. They compose a unique ensemble in the Buddhist world of the 11th to 14th centuries, offering a glimpse of lost splendour and providing evidence of the major political, religious and artistic position that Pagan then held. This comprehensive study covers the murals found within temples near Pagan and those in the surrounding area. Following an initial iconographic analysis, the author proceeds to reconstruct the overall vision of the murals within the broader context of the interior spaces of the temples, revealing these monuments as visualizations of the Buddhist cosmos and reflecting the cosmological (absolute) nature of the Buddha. Claudine Bautze-Picron is an authority on early Indic Buddhist art and her detailed descriptions of these lost treasures are complemented by a magnificent photographic record of the surviving murals themselves.
Audiovisual Instruments in Ethnographic Research

In 1973, the most renowned researchers in Visual Anthropology met at the ninth International Congress of Anthropology and Sociology to discuss the role of film and photography in ethnographic research and to systematize the almost century-old experiences of bringing together description, ethnography, photography and film. Opening the meeting, Dean Margaret Mead enthusiastically defended the use of audiovisual instruments in research. Considering that Anthropology explicitly or implicitly accepted the responsibility of ‘preserving’ the descriptions of disappearing cultural habits, Mead prescribed the need for an ‘urgent anthropology’ that used photographs and films as supporting research means. She endorsed the view that the camera should be used as a research instrument as well as a means of disseminating a study, conjuring concerns with the film’s stylistic and aesthetic qualities while stressing its documental value. In her own terms, Anthropology should maximize the potentialities of the audiovisual media within its reach instead of being merely a ‘science of words’ (Mead 1995). Mead’s point of view was quickly criticized within a disciplinary field concerned with problems of interpretation of the subject, deep ethnographic description, and the post-colonial criticism of the role of the observer as a political subject and actor. The Danish anthropologist Kirsten Hastrup echoed these concerns when she denounced Mead’s positivist conception of the discipline. For Hastrup, the defence of an urgent anthropology could only be defended within the perspective of humanity as a ‘human zoo’, a collection of immutable and a-historical subjects and social formations that were better described, in their immobility, by pictures. On the contrary, Hastrup states that Anthropology is a form of knowledge made up of subjects engaged in an active relationship (‘observer’ and ‘subject’), historically situated and politically conscious. This interrelationship may
Thermolysis chemical ionization of a complex polar lipid.

Vaporization of a ornithine-containing polar lipid from Thiobacillus thiooxidans has been accomplished by thermolysis in a chemical ionization source. The thermolysis has been shown to be more extensive than previously thought. It occurs in at least two steps, the first being dehydration of the ornithine to produce a substituted piperidone. This fragment undergoes a facile elimination to produce two neutral lipid components: a long chain fatty acid and piperidone-containing fatty amide. The results demonstrate the utility of chemical ionization for developing an understanding of a thermolysis process.