nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Do scalar tensor cosmologies naturally explain all the current cosmological observations

It is shown that the general scalar tensor cosmologies may explain all the current cosmological observations without the need of invoking any ad hoc missing energy density. The explanation is based entirely on the internal dynamics of the theories. Two important predictions of the present analysis are: the universe is tending towards a matter dominated state with the dimunition of the dark energy component and the acceleration of the universe, if any, is slowing down with time.
Electronic structure and thermal properties of bulk and nano-layer of TAlO2 (T = Cu, Ag and Au) delafossite oxides

In this paper, we report the effect of temperature and carrier concentrations on the structural, electronic and thermoelectric (TE) properties of TAlO2 (T = Cu, Ag and Au) compounds in the bulk and nano-layer structures using full potential-linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method combined with Boltzmann transport theory. The results show that the TE properties are controlled by the temperature and carrier concentrations. P-type doping of TAlO2 (T = Cu, Ag and Au) compounds has better TE figure of merit (ZT) than n-type doping. High ZT of 0.984 is achieved for the bulk structure of the AgAlO2 compound, while it is about 1.234 for the nano-layer structure. Hence, among these compounds, the nano-layer of AgAlO2 is a good candidate for TE applications.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAW OF INSTITUTIONAL THE MANAGEMENT OF ZAKAT THROUGH FUNCTIONS OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN PERSPECTIVE MAQASID AL-SHARIA

The construction of law of Institutional the management of zakat through the function of Islamic banking in Indonesia has not realized the justice of economy for those who deserve to receive zakat and for social welfare. It is affected by the forms of law of Islamic banking as a company that has been prioritizing profit and business orientation alone. In order to realize the concept of zakat management institutions justly, it is time for Zakat management to ensure the maintenance of religious alms -either muzakki (the one who is obliged to pay the alms (zakat) and mustahiq (the one who is deserved to receive it)-, to ensure the safety of the lives of the mustahiq and to ensure the safety of the property of muzakki to mustahiq. Zakat management institutions that can guarantee the implementation of the principles of maqasid al-sharia are through the paradigm shift and the change in the concept of the function of Islamic banking radically. The transformation of Islamic banking paradigm as intermediary institution in collecting, distributing and utilizing social religious funds such as zakat is based on the two concepts, namely the concept of fundamental change in the orientation of the business of the profit-based enterprise into social enterprise or called social enterprise theory, and the concept of the change of intermediary business profits funds into a social fund intermediary religious alms called ta’awun theory. The theory of social enterprise is a legal form of organization or company that only running intermediation principle and function of social funds that is oriented toward social benefits, not profit oriented business. The theory of ta’awun is the principal function of social enterprise in running the collection, distribution and utilization of social fund religious (zakat etc.) of muzakki to mustahiq based on compansation (donation) of aqad not based on loan.
Strategic Human Resource Practices, Top Management Team Social Networks, and Firm Performance: The Role of Human Resource Practices in Creating Organizational Competitive Advantage

In this article, we begin to explore the black box between human resources (HR) practices and firm performance. Specifically, we examine the relationships between a set of network-building HR practices, aspects of the external and internal social networks of top management teams, and firm performance. Results from a field study with 73 high-technology firms showed that the relationships between the HR practices and firm performance (sales growth and stock growth) were mediated through their top managers’ social networks.
To diversify or not to diversify.

One of the most challenging decisions a company can confront is whether to diversify. The rewards and risks are extraordinary. Success stories such as General Electric, Disney, and 3M abound, but so do stories of failure-consider Quaker Oats' entry into the fruit juice business with Snapple. What makes diversification such an unpredictable, high-stakes game? First, companies usually face the decision in an atmosphere that is not conducive to thoughtful deliberation. For example, an attractive company comes into play, and a competitor is interested in buying it. Or the board of directors urges expanding into new markets. Suddenly, senior managers must synthesize mountains of data under intense time pressure. To complicate matters, diversification as a corporate strategy regularly goes in and out of vogue. In short, there is little conventional wisdom to guide managers as they consider a move that could greatly increase shareholder value or seriously damage it. But diversification doesn't need to be quite such a roll of the dice, argues the author. His research suggests that if managers consider six questions, they can reduce the gamble of diversification. Answering the questions will not lead to an easy go-no-go decision, but by helping managers weigh risks and opportunities, it can help them assess the likelihood of success. The issues that the questions raise, and the discussion they provoke, are meant to be coupled with the detailed financial analysis usually conducted before a diversification decision is made. Together, these tools can turn a complex and often pressured decision into a more structured and well-reasoned one.
Citoyennes : women and the ideal of citizenship in eighteenth-century France

Acknowledgments Preface Introduction 1 Re-Reading Rousseau's Emile 2 Reconceiving the Body Politic: Civic Motherhood in Louis-Sebastien Mercier's L'an 2440 3 Educating Women: Civic Virtue in Felicite de Genlis' Adele et Theodore 4 Speaking as a Citoyenne: Olympe de Gouges' Female Civic Voice 5 Representing the Republicaine: Art and Jacobin Gender Politics in the French Revolution 6 Staging the Citoyenne in French Revolutionary Theater, Year II of the Republic Conclusion Notes Works Cited Index
Why do we care? Notes from the periphery.

the case of alcohol dependence, using a range of characteristics, but—with one exception—without data on outcomes, thereby limiting their clinical usefulness . Similar research on subtypes of illicit drug abuse is scarce, e.g. on cocaine dependence [13]. The deficit in identifying symptom clusters (as a basis for typology) within the DSM-V criteria for substance abuse disorders continues to be a handicap for clinical work. This could be part of a future research agenda [14,15]. What can be expected from the proposed changes? European drug policy has a strong focus on all problematic forms of substance use besides dependent use, and prevention as well as treatment have developed interventions tailored to the type of disorder, differentiating harmful and dependent use. In research, the proposed change will impede comparability of earlier findings. All together, the changes might affect the present preference for this instrument.
Messenger Particles and Relativity

This article is an attempt to expose the role played by messenger particles in physics. The concept of the ”messenger particle” has long been considered in physics. The latest research shows evidence that the four fundamental forces of nature ,Gravitation, Electromagnetic and the Weak and Strong Nuclear forces are all created by messenger particles. This hypotheses is leading to a new way of thinking about the fundamental sub-atomic wave/particles that are the building blocks of our universe. Some of the latest evidence actually shows that in order to understand what is happening with these messenger particles it is necessary to perceive them as information carriers. The four messenger particles that are thought to exist are the Graviton (not yet discovered) , Photon, Weak Guage Boson and the Gluon. This paper shall be concerned with the Photon as an information carrier.
Reply to Comment on Conservative Force Fields in Nonextensive Kinetic Theory

It is shown that the comment by Costa and Meneses  did not point any technical or conceptual flaw in our paper titled “Conservative Force Fields in Nonextensive Kinetic Theory” ( (2002)). In particular, the application of the nonextensive distribution to the historical problem of the unbounded isothermal atmosphere under constant gravity is theoretically correct. It should be stressed that our solution is somewhat connected with a similar solution to a problem appearing in the astrophysical domain, namely, the so-called singular isothermal sphere. Actually, both problems are solved
Redefining the nation: Nazim Hikmet and nationalist discourse in contemporary Turkey

This thesis is an analysis of the hegemonic and colonising nationalist discourse of the Turkish state in dealing with one of its “others”, communism, which is presented through the changes in the articulation of a symbol of that “other”, namely, Nazim Hikmet, in the official discourse about him. In doing so, it aims to make a contribution to the discussion of nationalism in light of the social constructivist approach which stresses the malleability of national identity and the dynamic social struggles over the definition of any given national identity, through an example from Turkey. In this sense, I would not argue that the case study of Nazirn Hikmet is unique since other instances of strategic changes from antagonism, to incorporation, and to colonisation can be traced in the relationship of the Turkish state and its various “others”. 
The case study of Nazim Hikmet will be situated in the general context of the ambiguities of the official Turkish nationalist discourse. In order to serve this aim, the role of language, religion and race in the Kemalist nationalism in different periods will be analysed. A study of the malleable relationship of the Turkish left with Kemalism, the construction of national literary canons, as well as a study of the life and works of Nazim Hikmet and their representation in the state discourse on him will be provided.
The Origins of Democracy: A Model with Application to Ancient Greece

A method is disclosed for preparing a coated rotor housing useful in a rotary internal combustion engine. A first mandrel is defined from conductive material such as a chrome-bearing steel. The outer surface of the first mandrel is shaped to be the mirror image of the resultant internal surface of the rotor housing; the first mandrel material is passivated preferably by the use of boiling water to form a chrome oxide material on the outer surface to prevent adhesion of surrounding coated materials. A thin, composite-particle wear-resistant coating is electrolytically deposited on to the first mandrel to form an assembly. The wear-resistant coating is preferably comprised of nickel carrying embedded silicon carbide particles. The first mandrel is stripped from the deposited thin coating leaving a self-supporting liner or sleeve, the liner may be used in its unitary form or may be sliced into smaller liner bands for separate processing. The liner is placed about a brother mandrel (identical in shape to the first mandrel, but previously preheated by use in the die-cast machine) and together they are inserted into a die-cast machine. Molten aluminum is supplied to the machine for casting about said liner to define a complete housing construction, the liner offering high wear-resistance.
Late Weichselian ice-flow directions in J ren, SW Norway; clast fabric and clast lithology evidence in the uppermost till

Late Weichselian ice-flow directions in southern Jaeren, SW Norway, have been reconstructed through the applications of clast fabric and clast lithology in the uppermost till, and from glacial striations. Combined with previously published data, the results of the present investigation indicate three different ice-flow directions (phases). The earliest phase, towards the NW, is related to an ice stream along the Norwegian Channel. During the second phase, terrestrial ice from central south Norway moved towards the coast as the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream disintegrated. During the final deglaciation, part of the terrestrial ice became reactivated and advanced towards the SW in the northern part of the study area.
Introduction to Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass and The Hunting of the Snark in Narrative Analysis and Interpretation.

HE READING which will follow settles down without making any bones about it inside Carroll's text, taking advantage of the remarkable work of clearing the ground which has been accomplished by other people. Whoever wants to survey the territory completely, to be informed about the different biographical, critical, phenomenological, and structural aspects of the work of Lewis Carroll, should refer to the publications of Jean Gattegno and Gilles
The Iconography of the Last World Emperor: A Study of a Late Fifteenth-Century Prophetic Image

A complex allegorical late fifteenth-century picture of which the original is lost survives only in a series of variously degraded copies, be they either German woodcuts or Italian engravings. This image has remained unsatisfactorily explained, no doubt because of its unconventional iconography. Instead of the usual interpretation of the picture as a satirical comment on the contemporary political situation, we propose to understand it as a prophetic image announcing the imminent coming of the Second Charlemagne – a French king who would become the Last World Emperor – turning thus an anachronistic journalistic picture into a more convincing image of eschatological hope.
Perianal disease is associated with psychiatric co-morbidity in Crohn’s disease in remission

Background and aimCrohn’s disease is a life-long inflammatory disease which can impair quality of life, in particular in patients with psychiatric co-morbidities such as depression and anxiety. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety and related risk factors in patients with quiescent Crohn’s disease.MethodsA consecutive series of adult patients with confirmed diagnosis of Crohn’s disease, in clinical remission, were included and investigated during ambulatory visits using a standard questionnaire assessing demographic and clinical features of the disease. Within 1 month after the ambulatory visit, all patients were interviewed by phone to assess the presence of psychiatric disorders using standardized questionnaires. The questionnaire assessed the development of psychiatric disorders after the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease, the use of antidepressant or antianxiety therapy and current anxiety or depression by means of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsOne hundred and ninety-five patients were included. Seventy-two (36.9 %) patients showed anxiety and/or depression symptoms, 46 (23.6 %) patients showed anxiety symptoms, 6 (3.1 %) patients showed depression symptoms and 20 (10.3 %) patients showed both symptoms. Forty-eight of these patients (58 %) were without any antidepressive or antianxiety treatment. Anxiety with or without depression was significantly correlated with female sex (p = 0.017), history of perianal disease (p = 0.003) and perianal surgery (p = 0.042).ConclusionAnxiety is a frequent, often untreated, condition in patient affected by Crohn’s disease in clinical remission. Female sex, history of perianal disease and perianal surgery are major risk factors for anxiety.
Thirty wasted years: Australian social security development, 1950–80, in comparative perspective∗

This article seeks to examine the reasons why Australia, in the postwar period of economic growth and social security expansion, so resolutely remained at the bottom of the international league table of welfare state development. Four possible explanations are located — programme inertia, economic resource growth, the age structure of the population and right‐wing political hegemony — and each is shown to have some impact on social security development. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the traditional dilemma for democratic socialist parties of combining reformist political goals with sufficient economic growth.
Strategic Crowding, an Illness that Erodes Sector Profitability: Case Pharmaceutic Industry in Colombia

Firms in the last decade have faced a turbulent environment, characterized by increasing complexity in relationships, changes in the needs of customers, and increased uncertainty in decision making. Some companies respond to this situation using the same strategies of industry leaders, leading to a convergence process, which affects the profitability of the sector. This paper presents a methodology that allows a better way to see what happens in one sector and determine the degree of convergence.
Arne Naess and Empirical Semantics

This article focuses on Arne Naess's work in the philosophy of language, which he began in the mid-1930s and continued into the 1960s. This aspect of his work is nowadays relatively neglected, but it deserves to be revisited. Firstly, it is intrinsically interesting to the history of analytic philosophy in the twentieth century, because Naess questioned some of the established philosophical methodologies and assumptions of his day. Secondly, it suggests a compelling but unacknowledged intellectual pedigree for some recent developments in linguistics. Naess's philosophy of language developed from his reaction against logical positivism, in particular against what he saw as its unempirical assumptions about language. He went on to establish “empirical semantics”, in which the study of language was based on real-life linguistic data, drawn primarily from questionnaires issued to philosophically naive subjects. He also experimented with methods for “occurrence analysis”, but concluded that the collec...
Engineering education: an integrated problem-solving framework for discipline-specific professional development in mining engineering

people’s needs for commodities and services. This is done through mining (mineral extraction) and beneficiation to produce endproducts in sustainable ways that contribute to economic development and the provision of services to society. Mining engineering involves the application of the relevant knowledge and understanding of mathematical and natural sciences, and a body of mining engineering knowledge, technology, and methodologies. Mining engineering furthermore aims to deliver solutions, the effects of which can be projected even in mostly uncertain contexts. Streamlining mining engineering education therefore requires mastering of the necessary knowledge, and the teaching and learning of skills in ill-structured, non-routine, real-world problem-solving contexts (Jonassen, Strobel, and Lee, 2006). In the mining environment, these problems vary from well-structured repair-type problems (including repair and replacement of faulty equipment), to semiand entirely ill-structured problems. The latter can include the upgrading of safety infrastructure, optimizing the application and use of existing mining and mining-related equipment, processes, systems and procedures, as well as the design of innovative tools and systems to operate effectively and adapt to changing physical mining conditions. In all of this, occupational health and safety (OH&S)-related hazards and risks need to be considered and addressed so as to ensure a safe, healthy, productive, and profitable working environment. The certified level of engineering education outcome and level of experience of the mining engineering practitioner (ECSA, 2015) together determine the nature and complexity of the problems a particular practitioner might be entrusted to solve. For this reason, when mining engineering learners at the University of Pretoria (UP) embark on their final year real-world mining projects, they are usually given relatively well-structured problems to solve. This, however, does not preclude introducing them to semiand ill-structured problems as part of a larger research project or team effort. Establishing a sound problemsolving development process will serve them well in dealing with the semiand illstructured problems that they will encounter in their future careers. One of the reasons for the difficulties in mining engineering education is that the mining environment is complex. Complexity Engineering education: an integrated problem-solving framework for discipline-specific professional development in mining engineering
"Eskualduna" astekariaren gizaldi gaztea (1877-1888)

The development of the press in Basque language had a repercussion determining in the renewal of the literary language at the end of the XIXth century. Within the framework of this conference devoted to the literary generations, it is the impact of the creation of the Bayonne weekly magazine "Eskualduna" which is studied here. The generation of the founders (J Hiriart-Urruty, Blaise Adema, Arnaud Abbadie, etc.) formed a group of young people who became during the XXth century the principal representatives of the Navarro-Labourdin literature through their various contributions and creations. Jean Etxepare, Jean Barber, Oxobi, Jean Elissalde (of whom it is necessary to associate Pierre Lhande) are all resulting from this seedbed of writers. Like their counterparts of the other Basque Provinces (Lizardi, Lauaxeta, Orixe, Irigarai, etb.) formed at the school of the press, they deeply renewed the writing literature by widening the pallet of the kinds (novel, theatre, test, lyric poetry and intimist, etc.) and by proposing new stylistic models.
Influences of Electron Beam Irradiation on Impact Fracture Energy for Alkali Free Glass

Influences of electron beam irradiation on impact fracture energy indicated by impact value were studied for alkali free glass. The irradiation, which was able to be one of short-time treatments reduced the brittleness and increased the impact value of alkali free glass. The impact value enhancement can be explained by stress relaxation induced by increase in density of dangling bonds.
Wealth Distribution and Imperfect Factor Markets: A Classroom Experiment

The author presents a simple exercise to demonstrate how initial property distribution can affect final wealth patterns in developing areas of the world. The simulation is a variant of the Monopoly board game in which students role play different members of a market in which they each face different rules of credit access and salary patterns. The property distribution and new mortgage rules reflect the reality of many developing areas. The simulation can be completed in one full class period and has proven successful in making students more sensitive to wealth distribution issues. Students have suggested several variations of this simulation to make it applicable across more settings.