nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Depression care effort brings dramatic drop in large HMO population's suicide rate.

atypical antipsychotic and 15 000 children taking albuterol but no antipsychotic drugs. Patients with diabetes were excluded from both groups. The study found that glucose screening was low in both groups, with 31.6% of the patients taking antipsychotics receiving such screening compared with 12.6% of controls. Only 13.4% of the patients treated with antipsychotic drugs received lipid testing compared with 3.1% of controls. Further analysis revealed that children with multiple psychiatric diagnoses and those who used more medical services were most likely to be screened. The results suggest that many physicians are falling short of the level of monitoring recommended in a 2004 consensus statement from several professional groups, including the American Psychiatric Association and the American Diabetes Association. Morrato said that clinicians treating pediatric patients, often primary care physicians, may be less aware of these guidelines, which apply to all age groups, and that there may also be systemic barriers to screening. Correll called for even more aggressive monitoring for metabolic changes in pediatric patients taking atypical antipsychotics than that recommended in 2004. He said that physicians should monitor these patients’ weight and height at each visit, and should do a fasting glucose test when initiating therapy, 3 months later, and every 6 months thereafter. “We are between a rock and a hard place because these children and adolescents are brought to us because they are severely ill,” he said. “They can’t function, so we need to give them effective medications, but we also need to make sure they have the least possible side effects. For that, monitoring and management of these abnormalities is crucial.”
Origination of Organismal Form: Beyond the Gene in Developmental and Evolutionary Biology. Gerd B.

The field of evolutionary biology arose from the desire to understand the origin and diversity of biological forms. In recent years, however, evolutionary genetics, with its focus on the modification and inheritance of presumed genetic programs, has all but overwhelmed other aspects of evolutionary biology. This has led to the neglect of the study of the generative origins of biological form. Drawing on work from developmental biology, paleontology, developmental and population genetics, cancer research, physics, and theoretical biology, this book explores the multiple factors responsible for the origination of biological form. It examines the essential problems of morphological evolution -- why, for example, the basic body plans of nearly all metazoans arose within a relatively short time span, why similar morphological design motifs appear in phylogenetically independent lineages, and how new structural elements are added to the body plan of a given phylogenetic lineage. It also examines discordances between genetic and phenotypic change, the physical determinants of morphogenesis, and the role of epigenetic processes in evolution. The book discusses these and other topics within the framework of evolutionary developmental biology, a new research agenda that concerns the interaction of development and evolution in the generation of biological form. By placing epigenetic processes, rather than gene sequence and gene expression changes, at the center of morphological origination, this book points the way to a more comprehensive theory of evolution.
Interaction of cytochrome c, ferrous ion, and phosphate. Electron transfer within a stoichiometric complex.

The rate and extent of electron transfer from ferrous ion to ferricytochrome c are enhanced by the presence of inorganic orthophosphate at concentrations comparable to those of reductant and oxidant. Evidence, obtained by the method of continuous variations, shows that the electron transfer occurs within a stoichiometric complex composed of cytochrome c, ferrous ion, and phosphate in molar proportions of about 1:1:1. The incorporation of the anion into this complex appears to result in a modulation of the extent and rate of cytochrome c reduction. The rate of electron transfer obeys a first order rate law, characterized by an apparent first order rate constant of 1.4 min-1. The complex has kinetic significance only; equilibrium dialysis, gel filtration, and sedimentation velocity experiments yielded no evidence for stable binding of phosphate and iron, or of aggregation, on a significant scale. The extent of reduction is limited (for reasons not yet known) to about one-half of the available cytochrome molecules. Reduction in excess of 50% can be achieved only when both, ferrous ion and phosphate, are present in excess of the cytochrome concentration. Kinetic data indicate that reduction to extents over and below 50% occurs by different mechanisms.
Tents Amid the Fragments: The Law at Greenham Common

The years-long women’s antinuclear protest in south-central Britain was a cause celebrated by E.P. Thompson, who after 1979 underwent a transformation from Midlands-ensconced historian and teacher to prominent anti-Bomb and anti-bloc activist. Greenham Common, however, represented no simple embodiment of his program. Many among the camp’s occupants lent effort in struggles elsewhere, especially the decade’s major strikes among miners and office cleaners. Women’s participation in these ventures—as much as the police persecution of the camp, which brought about its repeated dismantling—begs the question of whether Thompson’s “exterminism” denied a unifying materialist logic to the British security state, as the women in their tents did not. In this sense Greenham Common both evokes and departs from the trajectories of socialist-feminists in the United States at midcentury: in the face of their own persecution, some embraced pacifist or otherwise fragmentary politics, and others only grew more devoted to refining overarching analyses centering on the enmeshing of gender and exploitation. The camp thus urges us to consider how workers’ organization as explored in Thompson’s historical texts has weathered and shaped feminist projects, rather than see the two as distinct and conflicting lines of inquiry.
The Integrated Density of States for Random Schroedinger Operators

We survey some aspects of the theory of the integrated density of states (IDS) of random Schroedinger operators. The first part motivates the problem and introduces the relevant models as well as quantities of interest. The proof of the existence of this interesting quantity, the IDS, is discussed in the second section. One central topic of this survey is the asymptotic behavior of the integrated density of states at the boundary of the spectrum. In particular, we are interested in Lifshitz tails and the occurrence of a classical and a quantum regime. In the last section we discuss regularity properties of the IDS. Our emphasis is on the discussion of fundamental problems and central ideas to handle them. Finally, we discuss further developments and problems of current research.
Interval exchange transformations: Applications of Keane's construction and disjointness

Applications of Keane's Construction and Disjointness by Jon Chaika This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part uses a family of Interval Exchange Transformations constructed by Michael Keane to show that IETs can have some particular behavior including: 1. IETs can be topologically mixing. 2. A minimal IET can have an ergodic measure with Hausdorff dimension a for any a € [0,1]. 3. The complement of the generic points for Lebesgue measure in a minimal nonuniquely ergodic IET can have Hausdorff dimension 0. Note that this is a dense G& set. The second part shows that almost every pair of IETs are different. In particular, the product of almost every pair of IETs is uniquely ergodic. In proving this we show that any sequence of natural numbers of density 1 contains a rigidity sequence for almost every IET, strengthening a result of Veech.
Futures and government: Combating the new philistinism

The downgrading of long-term forecasting and planning in the governments of a number of Western countries is traced to the rise of ‘the new philistinism’—blunt myopia and political opportunism—typified by the stance of the Thatcher and Reagan administrations. After a review of the fate of the proposals for an independent European futures unit deriving from the Europe Plus Thirty project, this article calls for another attempt to set up effective Western futures institutions. Not to forecast and not to plan is a use—or rather, a misuse—of government power.
"NOWADAYS THEY SAY … ": ADOLESCENT PEER COUNSELLORS' APPRECIATION OF CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY

The article describes findings from a research study conducted into young South African men’s understandings of masculinity. The study was part of a broader project aimed at investigating how young men or boys in South Africa view masculinity, including dominant or hegemonic forms and alternatives to these constructions. Given concerns about a “crisis in masculinity” and social problems associated with the enactment of masculinity, the researchers were interested in how young boys seem to position themselves with respect to a masculine gender identity. Three focus groups were held with volunteer peer counsellors who were invited to start the groups by talking about photographs they had taken to represent their “life as a boy/young man” in contemporary South Africa. The main focus of the discussion is on aspects of the data that appear to reflect an appreciation of the fluidity or malleability of masculinity. Three key themes are addressed, that is, emotionality, homosexuality and occupational sex roles. In addition, some parts of their discussion about becoming counsellors and their concerns about reconciling this identity with their sense of themselves as masculine is also elaborated. The discussion suggests that these boys appreciate challenges to traditional constructions of masculinity and that in their conversation they both accept this and attempt to defend aspects of conventional or previously dominant versions. It is proposed that their conversational work suggests that there is some awareness of change, some anxiety associated with this, and some strategizing to reconcile a range of differing positions on masculinity. The sense of some openness to transforming aspects of masculinity is seen as hopeful, even if this is to some extent a product of these boys’ predominantly middle class upbringing.
Virolution: The Most Important Evolutionary Book Since Dawkins' Selfish Gene

The extraordinary role of viruses in evolution and how this is revolutionising biology and medicine. Darwin's theory of evolution is still the greatest breakthrough in biological science. His explanation of the role of natural selection in driving the evolution of life on earth depended on steady variation of living things over time - but he was unable to explain how this variation occurred. In the 150 years since publication of the Origin of Species, we have discovered three main sources for this variation - mutation, hybridisation and epigenetics. Then on Sunday, 12th February, 2001 the evidence for perhaps the most extraordinary cause of variation was simultaneously released by two organisations - the code for the entire human genome. Not only was the human genome unbelievably simple (it is only ten times more complicated than a bacteria), but embedded in the code were large fragments that were derived from viruses - fragments that were vital to evolution of all organisms and the evidence for a fourth and vital source of variation - viruses. Virolution is the product of Dr Frank Ryan's decade of research at the frontiers of this new science - now called viral symbiosis - and the amazing revolution that it has had in these few years. As scientists begin to look for evidence of viral involvement in more and more processes, they have discovered that they are vital in nearly every case. And with this understanding comes the possibility of manipulating the role of the viruses to help fight a huge range of diseases.
Facial Expressions Tracking and Recognition: Database Protocols for Systems Validation and Evaluation

Each human face is unique. It has its own shape, topology, and distinguishing features. As such, developing and testing facial tracking systems are challenging tasks. The existing face recognition and tracking algorithms in Computer Vision mainly specify concrete situations according to particular goals and applications, requiring validation methodologies with data that fits their purposes. However, a database that covers all possible variations of external and factors does not exist, increasing researchers' work in acquiring their own data or compiling groups of databases. 
To address this shortcoming, we propose a methodology for facial data acquisition through definition of fundamental variables, such as subject characteristics, acquisition hardware, and performance parameters. Following this methodology, we also propose two protocols that allow the capturing of facial behaviors under uncontrolled and real-life situations. As validation, we executed both protocols which lead to creation of two sample databases: FdMiee (Facial database with Multi input, expressions, and environments) and FACIA (Facial Multimodal database driven by emotional induced acting). 
Using different types of hardware, FdMiee captures facial information under environmental and facial behaviors variations. FACIA is an extension of FdMiee introducing a pipeline to acquire additional facial behaviors and speech using an emotion-acting method. Therefore, this work eases the creation of adaptable database according to algorithm's requirements and applications, leading to simplified validation and testing processes.
Book Reviews - In the Absence of Don Porfirio. Francisco León de la Barra and the Mexican Revolution

Despite traditional historiography, which paints a picture of de la Barra and other Porfirian "reactionaries" trying to subvert the "Revolution," this book demonstrates that de la Barra and the Porfirians endorsed many of the same ideas as Madero and his civilian colleagues, including a belief in democracy and progressive social reform. These themes became the legacy of the Madero years, but properly could be ascribed to an entire generation of political and intellectual leaders rather than to a single individual.
Work in progress - multi-university development and dissemination of online laboratories in probability theory, signals and systems, and multimedia computing

This collaborative effort involves five universities, namely, Arizona State University, the University of Washington-Bothell, the University of Texas at Dallas, the University of Rhode Island, and the University of Central Florida. The paper describes educational technology innovations and software extensions that enable the on-line software Java-DSP to be used in three courses at five different universities. The project includes educational innovations, software extensions to support on-line computer laboratories in four courses at five universities, and a dissemination and assessment plan
Struggling to organize across nationalborders: The case of global resourcemanagement in professional service firms

A growing body of research has challenged the commonly accepted 
view that multinationals have evolved into globally integrated 
networks, demonstrating instead that such organizations are 
sites of conflict between competing rationalities emerging from 
distinctive national institutional contexts. However, this research has 
neglected professional service firms (PSFs) in spite of them often 
being held as exemplars of the integrated network model. This 
article redresses this imbalance by focusing, in particular, on how PSFs 
seek to coordinate the horizontal flow of their human resources as 
a mechanism of inter-unit knowledge sharing. Drawing upon interviews 
in four PSFs, I show that these organizations have developed 
resource management systems that cannot simply be reduced to 
national institutional contexts. However, I also demonstrate that the 
process of resource management is subject to inter-unit conflicts that 
undermine its raison d’etre. I argue that these tensions are symptomatic 
of both the Anglo-American model of multinational management 
and cross-national differences in market conditio
Planning multimodal freight transport operations: a literature review

Multimodal freight transport developed in the transportation sector as an alternative to unimodal transport faced with the challenges brought by the growing global demand for transporting goods. Multimodal transport is the transportation of goods using at least two modes of transport, usually door-to-door. The common transport modes include railways, maritime routes, and the roads. When restructuring and reconfiguring their logistics strategies, freight operators seek optimal operational plans to increase cost efficiency, improve customer service effectiveness, and enhance environmental sustainability throughout their entire supply chain network. In addition, collaborative planning enables multimodal transport providers (MTPs) in the multimodal transport chain to optimize mainly their operational plans. A vast collection of scientific literature focuses on different objectives taking into account various limitations. For instance, in the context of short-term planning the challenge is to take real-time decisions considering the interests of all stakeholders. With the need for real-time decision making, this problem becomes complex, dynamic, and stochastic. Thus, the purpose of this study is to concentrate on the literature related to dynamic processes at the operational level from customer to consignee and provide a systematic classification of different planning and solution techniques.  Multimodal operational planning is investigated from two perspectives: modelling modal shift policy and planning of multimodal freight transportation. We describe the modal shift policies, discuss the advantages and barriers, and elaborate on the actors involved in this process and the factors affecting efficiency. Furthermore, we explain the importance of these factors for operational freight planning and denote the constraints in the planning problems. Finally, we present an illustrative example of a multimodal freight transportation network from customer to consignee.  Modal shift and operational planning lead to reduced lead times and operational costs, and also ensure convenient transportation according to the user's preferences. Studies on these issues can be examined with respect to the selection of non-dominated solutions and applicable routes determined based on the preferences of customers, pricing techniques, and revenue management methodologies.  This study consolidates the knowledge in operational planning of multimodal freight dioxide mitigation issues as novelty. Moreover, it considers not only operational planning but also pricing and revenue management methodologies. It is a valuable reference to researchers who wish to comprehend entire operations in multimodal transport from different perspectives. 553 22nd ISL 2017 Ljubljana, Slovenia, 9 – 12th July 2017
On Arthur Eddington's Theory of Everything

From 1929 to his death in 1944, A. Eddington worked on developing a highly ambitious theory of fundamental physics that covered everything in the physical world, from the tiny electron to the universe at large. His unfinished theory included abstract mathematics and spiritual philosophy in a mix which was peculiar to Eddington but hardly intelligible to other scientists. The constants of nature, which he claimed to be able to deduce purely theoretically, were of particular significance to his project. Although highly original, Eddington's attempt to provide physics with a new foundation had to some extent parallels in the ideas of other British physicists, including P. Dirac and E. A. Milne. Eddington's project was however a grand failure in so far that it was rejected by the large majority of physicists. A major reason was his unorthodox view of quantum mechanics.
Autocracies and Development in a Global Economy: A Tale of Two Elites

Data on the growth performances of countries with similar comparative (dis)advantage and political institutions reveal a striking variation across world regions. While some former autocracies such as the East Asian growth miracles have done remarkably well, others such as the Latin American economies have grown at much lower rates. In this paper, we propose a political economy explanation of these diverging paths of development by addressing the preferences of the country's political elite. We build a theoretical framework where factors of production owned by the political elites differ across countries. In each country, the incumbent autocrat will cater to the preferences of the elites when setting trade policy and the property rights regime. We show how stronger property rights may lead to capital accumulation and labor reallocation to the manufacturing sector. This, in turn, can lead to a shift in the comparative advantage, a decision to open up to trade and an inflow of more productive foreign capital. Consistent with a set of stylised facts on East Asia and Latin America, we argue that strong property rights are crucial for success upon globalization.
Economics for a creative world: some agreements and some criticism

These notes on the article by Koppl et al. (2014) contain some agreements and some criticism. Written upon the invitation of the editor-in-chief of this journal, they express personal views of an economist who has been searching in a similar direction – that is, for a better economic theory, more relevant to problems of modern, innovative, and thus possibly called ‘creative’ economies than the existing theories – but in a somewhat different, less abstract, and to standard economic terminology closer style. The strongest agreements are with both parts of the article's objective: to move away from mechanistic economic models and toward a more evolutionary and institutional approach to economic theory and policy. The pursuit of the first part is most seriously criticized for two illegitimate extensions of initially sound arguments, and the pursuit of the second part, for climbing up to a too abstract metatheoretic level, from which it loses the view of the concrete results that modern economics has already obtained.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructural and Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Solid State Sintered Sb2O3 doped ZnO

ZnO doped with 2 wt% of Sb 2 O 3 is prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. The prepared samples were sintered at 800, 900, 950 and 1000 o C temperatures. X-ray diffraction peaks for ZnO doped with Sb 2 O 3 shows a small shift (∼0.12°) towards lower 2θ angle as compared with pure ZnO. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with EDS is carried out to study the surface morphology as well as to find the elemental composition of the prepared samples. The modes at 334.4 cm -1 and 438.4 cm -1 in the Raman spectrum are assigned as E 2 (high)–E 2 (low), and E 2 (high) modes of ZnO base, respectively. When doping ion occupies the Zn sites, lattice or intrinsic host-lattice defects are activated, leading to additional vibration mode at 716.8 cm -1
The Dialectics of Death in the Civilian Era: Hans van Houwelingen's Sluipweg

The second half of the twentieth century saw the rise of public art as a separate aesthetic category. But the same period also saw the creation and legalization of “the civilian.” This essay draws a distinction between “the public” and “the civilian” in order to discuss Sluipweg, an innovative art project recently created by Hans van Houwelingen. It is a path made up of tombstones, located on the Defense Line of Amsterdam. Since the Defense Line is a UNESCO World Heritage site, this essay explores the intricate theoretical questions posed by the project having to do with the metaphysics of permanence, the locus of “the civilian,” and the status of time and death in the modern era.