nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of carbon doping on threshold voltage and mobility of In-Si-O thin-film transistors

In this study, a co-sputtering method with In2O3 and SiC targets was used to fabricate carbon-doped In-Si-O (In1-xSixO1-yCy) as the channel material for oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs). Three types of In1-xSixO1-yCy channels, namely, In0.88Si0.12O0.99C0.01 (Si0.12C0.01), In0.76Si0.24O0.99C0.01 (Si0.24C0.01), and In0.60Si0.40O0.98C0.02 (Si0.40C0.02), were prepared. After annealing at 300 °C, the Si0.24C0.01 and Si0.40C0.02 films retained an amorphous structure, while the Si0.12C0.01 films exhibited a body-centered-cubic structure. However, all the In1-xSixO1-yCy films maintained a smooth surface with a root-mean-square roughness of approximately 0.28 nm, despite structural differences. Results showed that the conductivities of all the In1-xSixO1-yCy films were not sensitive to the O2 partial pressure during sputtering, indicating that In1-xSixO1-yCy films exhibit more stable electrical conductivity than other InOx-based oxides. The field-effect mobility (μFE) with respect to the Si concentration of In1-...
Readiness of The Regional Banks in Implementation of The Indonesian Banking Architecture

Indonesia’s current banking situation is much influenced by launching of the Indonesian Banking Architecture in early 2004. However, still many things that need to be done to achieve goals outlined appropriate time limits set, in addition to improving regulations and condition of banks can be better achieved. This research was conducted to analyze the effect of that policy against commercial banks in the implementation of the API usage. Commercial banks that become object in this research is to regional development banking for which data were taken with using method of time series starting in 1997-2009.
Prophylaxis of Venous Thrombosis in Neurocritical Care Patients: An Evidence-Based Guideline: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society

The risk of death from venous thromboembolism (VTE) is high in intensive care unit patients with neurological diagnoses. This is due to an increased risk of venous stasis secondary to paralysis as well as an increased prevalence of underlying pathologies that cause endothelial activation and create an increased risk of embolus formation. In many of these diseases, there is an associated risk from bleeding because of standard VTE prophylaxis. There is a paucity of prospective studies examining different VTE prophylaxis strategies in the neurologically ill. The lack of a solid evidentiary base has posed challenges for the establishment of consistent and evidence-based clinical practice standards. In response to this need for guidance, the Neurocritical Care Society set out to develop and evidence-based guideline using GRADE to safely reduce VTE and its associated complications.
A Framework of Peak Load Pricing with Strategic Firms

In this article we analyze firms investment incentives in liberalized electricity markets. Since electricity is economically non storable, it is optimal for firms to invest in a differentiated portfolio of technologies in order to serve strongly fluctuating demand. Prior to the Liberalization of electricity markets, for regulated monopolists, optimal investment and pricing strategies haven been analyzed in the peak load pricing literature (compare Crew and Kleindorder (1986)). In restructured electricity markets regulated monopolistic generators have often been replaced by competing and potentially strategic firms. This article aims to respond to the changed reality and model investment decisions of strategic firms in those markets. We derive equilibrium investment for strategic firms and compare to the benchmark cases of perfect competition and monopoly outcomes. We find that strategic firms have an incentive to overinvest in base-load technologies but choose total capacities too low from a welfare point of view. By fitting the framework to a specific electricity market (Germany) we are able to empirically analyze Investment choices of strategic firms, and quantify the potential for market power and its impact on generation portfolios in restructured electricity markets in the long run.
Fifty Years of Development of Soviet Geographic Thought

AbstractA review of trends in Soviet geography covers the increasing specialization of physical-geographic disciplines and attempts to integrate physical geography through landscape-study techniques and the theory of a physical-geographic envelope of the earth. Economic geography has focused on regionalization problems and the formation of territorial-production complexes. The controversy over the content of geography is reviewed, and cartography and regional geography are viewed as frameworks for the generalization of geographic information. The new constructive school of Soviet geography is described.
Issues and Aspects of Open Source Software Usage and Adoption in the Public Sector

This chapter introduces L-PEST model as the proposed tool for better understanding the fields are influenced by motivations and adaptation policy on FLOSS of public authorities and governments. Software usage in the public sector is a highly complex topic. In the confines of this chapter the selected case studies will show consideration to the vastly different needs and capacities and the different approaches and motivations towards the utilization of FLOSS by governments and/or local authorities. The primary objective of this chapter is to identify and describe the actors associated to the usage of FLOSS within and by the public sector. This chapter has made an attempt to fill this research gap and place the different actors into one complex model. It is hoped the proposed model assists better clarifying the intricate relationship between relevant factors. Nevertheless, much more research work is needed in the years to come. According to Michel Sapin, French Minister in charge of Public Administration and e-Government (2001), “The next generation e-government has two requirements: interoperability and transparency. These are the two strengths of open source software. Therefore, I am taking little risk when I predict that open source software will take a crucial part in the development of eGovernment in the years to come.”
On the operating unit size of load/store architectures

We introduce a strict version of the concept of a load/store instruction set architecture in the setting of Maurer machines. We take the view that transformations on the states of a Maurer machine are achieved by applying threads as considered in thread algebra to the Maurer machine. We study how the transformations on the states of the main memory of a strict load/store instruction set architecture that can be achieved by applying threads depend on the operating unit size, the cardinality of the instruction set and the maximal number of states of the threads.
Fancy a gene? A surprisingly complex evolutionary history of peroxiredoxins.

While the phylum Apicomplexa includes "only" several thousand described species of obligatory parasites of animals, it may in fact be the most specious group of parasitic protists with over a million species 1. The best known representatives are Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium spp., which belong to the most important and widespread human parasites exacting an enormous disease burden. On the other hand, dinoflagellates and colpodellids, which are monophyletic with the apicomplexans, are ecologically highly significant, as they belong to the most abundant marine protists 2. As the common ancestor of these groups was most likely a free-living photosynthesizing protist, one wonders, which evolutionary forces contributed to the dramatic transition of some of its descendants into the arguably most successful intracellular parasites? Although a range of various processes and mechanisms contributed to this transition, most likely it also involved an acquisition of genes via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which might have provided typical characteristics of a parasitic cell, such as immune escape, nutritional dependence and the capacity to invade other cells.
A controlled study of three methods of prophylaxis against streptococcal infection in a population of rheumatic children. I. Streptococcal infections and recurrences of acute rheumatic fever in the first two years of the study.

RECURRENCES of rheumatic fever can be prevented in a high percentage of patients by carefully maintained, continuous prophylaxis against streptococcal infection.1 2 3 4 Although the effectiveness of several antibacterial agents has been repeatedly demonstrated, no large-scale attempts have been carried out by civilian organizations to obtain definitive, statistically valid epidemiologic data for prophylaxis of rheumatic children. Much of the available information has come from the study of adults in the armed forces under epidemiologic conditions that were not comparable, even for adults, to those of civilian life.5 6 7 During the period in which antistreptococcal prophylaxis has been possible, scattered individual studies of pediatric . . .
Effective pain control in cancer patients in the home care setting.

The basis for this article is the fact that, by putting today’s knowledge into consistent practice, according to WHO 98% of all cancer patients could be free of pain. In the opinion of nursing staff, cancer and pain go hand in hand: a certain degree of pain is considered normal and untreatable. The goals set by the WHO are widely unknown or are considered utopian. The purpose of this paper is to list several reasons for this attitude, and also to examine the possibilities of controlling pharmacologically treatable cancer pain in the home environment.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Commemorating Guilford's 1950 Presidential Address

This entire issue of the Creativity Research Journal (CRJ) is devoted to the work of J. P. Guilford. In addition to the two introductions, this issue contains theoretical articles honoring Guilford, followed by empirical investigations that use his ideas or techniques. Some of the empirical articles were not prepared specifically for this issue; they nonetheless honor Guilford by showing his impact on the field of creative studies. Guilford’s (1950) presidential address to the American Psychological Association often is credited with initiating the empirical research on creativity. As Plucker (2000–2001) points out in the second introduction to this special issue, Guilford himself spread the credit out to others working in the field and to the sociocultural context. Indeed, many important empirical efforts preceded Guilford’s. One historical review of creative studies was presented by Albert and Runco (1999). Becker (1995) described the 19th-century antecedents to creative studies. Most recently, Runco (1999) presented a chronology of events and publications that have somehow each been significant for creativity research. Even with numerous earlier efforts, Guilford (1950) himself did a great deal for this field. He argued cogently that we should study creativity, for example, and gave us techniques that could be used to do so. His work was so influential that, although he often is given a great deal of credit, at the same time he also is probably cited less than he should be. He is one of those persons whose work is a staple, and as such it is often taken for granted (and uncited). Consider in this regard his work on divergent thinking. He really pushed this line of work along—although, again, to be perfectly accurate there were earlier empirical studies of divergent thinking (reviewed by Runco, in press)—but Guilford sometimes is not cited in investigations that use measures adapted from his early work. Historiometricians realize that this sometimes happens: Citations are not always a good indicator of impact, because some people are so well known that they are sometimes mentioned but not cited. Guilford is of that stature in creative studies. The work on divergent thinking is represented in the second half of this issue.  A few articles commemorating Guilford will appear in the next issue. I also expect that Guilford’s ideas and work will be cited, discussed, applied, and honored for a long time to come, in CRJ and elsewhere.
From Gods to Goddesses ; From Gods to Goddesses : Horai management as an approach to coordinating working hours

Flexibility in working time arrangements may lead to heterogeneity of working-time patterns. Drawing on the societal perspective, we consider three interrelated spheres of: professional relations, organizational, and domestic space. Greek mythology assists us to contrast chrono management and Horai management. Case analyses of France, the UK, and the Netherlands are presented within the context of EU Directives. By introducing Horai management we try to find an expression for the dialectical interplay between the temporalities of the home and the workplace, while including developments in the wider societal context. Horai management helps us reach beyond the logic of time-economy to improve the coordination of multiple temporalities.
Nurses' perception of evidence-based practice at the National University Hospital of Singapore.

A study was conducted at Singapore's National University Hospital to elicit registered nurses' attitudes, knowledge, barriers, facilitating factors, education, and training regarding evidence-based practice.



A 13-question survey that was administered to all registered nurses yielded 1,114 (75.4%) usable returns for analysis.



Findings showed that Singapore nurses had a positive and supportive attitude toward evidence-based practice but lacked the competence and knowledge to conduct it. Time constraints were identified as the main barrier to implementing evidence-based practice. There is a need for proper training, mentoring by senior nurses, and adequate time for evidence-based practice. Nurses with a higher level of nursing education who indicated the greatest perceived barriers tended to have less difficulty applying evidence-based practice but identified a need for more training in information skills.



Evidence-based practice is still in its infancy in Singapore compared with hospitals in other developed countries.
Implementation of the VLSI education program at South Dakota State University

At South Dakota State University (SDSU), resources are scarce and student enrollment is limited. However, interested faculty and eager to learn students made VLSI education at SDSU a reality. The implementation of the VLSI education program, that started in 1994, is presented in this paper. Factors such as meeting needs and expectations of Industry, limited capabilities, and increasing constraints of the University are also discussed.
Evaluating the Valuable Rules from Different Experience Using Multiparty Argument Games

This paper proposes a dialectical analysis model for multiparty argument games to evaluate rules mined from different past experience, called Arena. This model transforms the multiparty argument games into two-party argument games using the ideas from the Arena Contest of Chinese KungFu, to model a dynamic process of finding a defensible argument from the different agents' experience and to form a grid of dialectic analysis trees. For the same case, Arena enables the participating agents to propose their opinions and arguments, and provides them a platform to argue from experience in order to choose the valuable experience rule. When the training cases are more than enough, all the valuable rules about a set of databases will converge towards a stable set. We show how to choose the valuable experience rule from multiparty experience using Arena. This approach provides a new way to evaluate the experience rules mined from a database using argumentation. Arena demonstrates a fact that a combined analytical and inductive machine learning method could overcome the pitfalls associated with each separate approach.
Rock physics modeling to monitor movement of CO2in Sleipner gas field, North Sea: An ideal CCS field

Sleipner gas field in the North Sea is the world’s first industrial scale CO2 injection project designed specifically to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas. Here CO2 separated from natural gas produced at Sleipner gas field is injected into the Utsira sand, which is a major saline aquifer in the North Sea basin. In time-lapse threedimensional seismic data (4D), CO2 plume is imaged as a number of bright sub-horizontal reflections within the reservoir. Correlation of log data with the seismic data indicates that CO2 accumulates within a series of interbedded sandstones and mudstones beneath a thick cap rock of mudstone. Nine reflective horizons have been mapped within the reservoir on the six seismic surveys from 1999 to 2008. Comparison with the baseline seismic survey of 1994 (pre-injection) provides clear impression of the migration of CO2 plume. In this paper, we attempt to model CO2 distribution quantitatively within the reservoir by applying a pressure-dependent differential effective medium (PDEM) theory using 4D seismic data. Preand post-injection acoustic impedances are calculated by inverting respectively post-stack seismic data of 1994 and 2001 using a model-based inversion technique. 3D CO2 saturation volume is estimated using PDEM theory from inverted acoustic impedance of the year 2001 taking the reference of that from the results of pre-injection data of the year 1994. Since the gas distribution type is seldom known, we estimate the saturation distribution using both a homogeneous and a patchy distribution pattern in our rock physics model. We estimate saturation for homogeneous distribution of CO2 to be 0-20% and for CO2 as patches of gas as 0-80% of the total porosity within ~200 m thick reservoir unit. 5-7% uncertainty in the predicted CO2 saturation is estimated using a Monte-Carlo simulation technique. Our results indicate that a large amount of CO2 is accumulated as patches of gas within sand layers capped by mud layers, though some amount of gas may have dissolved uniformly with water.
Studying the thermodynamics of surface reactions on nanoparticles by electrostatic titrations.

For nanoparticles coated with binary SAMs (m-SAM NPs) containing charged or ionizable molecules, the relative equilibrium constants and the difference in the free energies of absorption of the m-SAM's components can be obtained in a straightforward way by titrating such NPs with oppositely charged nanoparticle “standards” until precipitation at the point of overall electroneutrality.
EVIDENCE BEARING ON THE ORIGIN OF THE BELLEORAM STOCK, SOUTHERN NEWFOUNDLAND

The Belleoram stock of homogeneous adamellite is a shallow, late-orogenic intrusion emplaced in arkosic conglomerates, granite, intermediate to basic lavas, and clastic sedimentary rocks. The intruded rocks range in age from Cambrian to Late Devonian. Salic dykes and minor faults cutting the stock represent the closing phases of orogenic activity in this area.Structural, petrographie, and chemical data indicate that the stock is of magmatic origin. Differential assimilation of the host conglomerate and shales may have locally modified the composition of the crystallizing magma. Field observations and modal analyses show that arkosic conglomerates near the stock have been altered to rocks of granitic composition. The margin of the stack has been basified near contacts with shale. Xenoliths of shale have been altered to compositions approaching that of their host. Hydrothermal experiments show that under appropriate conditions the magmatic vapour phase could transport soda, potash, alumina, and silica, in a...
Remarks on universal nonsingular controls for discrete-time systems

For analytic discrete-time systems, it is shown that uniform forward accessibility implies the generic existence of universal nonsingular control sequences. A particular application is given by considering forward accessible systems on compact manifolds. For general systems, it is proved that the complement of the set of universal sequences of infinite length is of the first category. For classes of systems satisfying a descending chain condition, and in particular, for systems defined by polynomial dynamics, forward accessibility implies uniform forward accessibility.
Global Commodity Chains and the Organizational Grounding of Consumer Cultural Production

This essay brings together ‘commodity chain’ analysis with some of the central concerns motivating studies of consumption and consumer culture. It argues that we can, from the perspective of capitalist agents and agencies, discern important historical shifts in the economic significance of the various activities that generate modern consumer culture, or ‘consumer cultural production’. Shifts in both the nature and intensity of competitive pressures imply different roles for consumer cultural production within the portfolios and strategies of leading capitalist organizations over time. Thus, the essay provides a framework for periodizing and linking historical shifts in the organization of commodity chains in relation to transformations in the structure and nature of consumer cultural production over roughly the past century. More concretely, it connects the broad shift from commodity chains organized along a ‘producer-driven’ form to the ‘buyer-driven’ arrangement to different kinds of ‘market making’ thr...
d6 metal systems for white phosphorus activation

This short review describes a breakthrough provided by the synthesis of d 6 metal complexes containing the intact molecules P 4 and P 4 S 3 . The coordinated cage molecules acquire unexpected reactivity and undergo dismutation reactions in mild conditions in the presence of water. The outcomings are obtained either in form of free or coordinated molecules; the former are hypophosphorous and phosphorous acids, the latter comprise, besides phosphine, PH 3 , such species as thiophosphinous acid, PH 2 SH, diphosphane, P 2 H 4 , 1-hydroxytriphosphane, PH(OH)PHPH 2 and 1,1,4-tris-hydroxytetraphosphane, P(OH) 2 PHPHPH(OH), which are either unknown or extremely reactive as free molecules. The formation of the above molecules provides a clue to the hydrolytic activation of the P 4 and P 4 S 3 cage molecules.
Class and Politics in Denmark: Are Both Old and New Politics Structured by Class?

The trend within studies of voting and political attitudes has been to give less attention to class as a structuring dimension and more to postmaterial values. The basic argument of this article is that this is a false opposition: The adherence to different sets of values is related to social background, although in complex ways, which can only be discovered with a multidimensional conception of class. This conception may be found in Pierre Bourdieu's analytical approach, which is here applied in an analysis of survey data from the Danish city of Aalborg. Data from a survey of political attitudes are subjected to multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), which reveals a pattern of attitudes that is highly structured by both the old and the new dimensions of politics. Up to this point, the results converge with the state of the art. However, the methodology utilised (MCA) allows one to link the constructed space of attitudes to a set of indicators based on a two-dimensional conception of social class. On the basis of this analysis, the article concludes that the political landscape appears as highly structured by the two principles of social differentiation from Bourdieu's class model: volume and composition of capital. The conclusion is that social class understood in this way is closely related to both old and new politics, as well as to the propensity to vote for a political party from the left- or right-wing alliance.