nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Treadmill walking in Parkinson's disease patients: adaptation and generalization effect.

We examined the adaptation and generalization effect of one familiarization treadmill walking session on gait in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with different degrees of disease severity. Eight moderate PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-2.5), eight advanced PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr 3), and eight matched control subjects participated in this study. Subjects first walked overground on a 10-m walkway at a self-selected speed (pretreadmill). They then performed a 20-min treadmill training session, followed by three trials of overground walking (Post1, Post2, Post3). Cadence, step length, speed, and coefficient of variation of stride time (CV) were recorded. During the treadmill session the advanced PD patients significantly decreased their cadence (t = 3.9, P <or= 0.01) and increased their step length (t = 4.27, P <or= 0.01) compared with pretreadmill walking. After the treadmill, all subjects walked overground significantly faster (F = 16.51 P <or= 0.001) and with a larger step length (F = 13.03 P <or= 0.01) than pretreadmill walking. The present study shows a specific adaptation to walk over the treadmill for the advanced PD patients. Moreover, this confirms the potential therapeutic use of the treadmill for PD gait rehabilitation since a single familiarization session lead to an increase in the step length and thus to the improvement of the main gait impairment in PD.
Implementation of a telephone-based secondary preventive intervention after acute coronary syndrome (ACS): participation rate, reasons for non-participation and 1-year survival

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of death from a non-communicable disease. Secondary prevention is effective for reducing morbidity and mortality, but evidence-based targets are seldom reached and new interventional methods are needed. The present study is a feasibility study of a telephone-based secondary preventive programme in an unselected ACS cohort.



The NAILED (Nurse-based Age-independent Intervention to Limit Evolution of Disease) ACS trial is a prospective randomized controlled trial. All eligible patients admitted for ACS were randomized to usual follow-up by a general practitioner or telephone follow-up by study nurses. The intervention was made by continuous telephone contact, with counseling on healthy living and titration of medicines to reach target values for blood pressure and blood lipids. Exclusion criteria were limited to physical inability to follow the study design or participation in another study.



A total of 907 patients were assessed for inclusion. Of these, 661 (72.9%) were included and randomized, 100 (11%) declined participation, and 146 (16.1%) were excluded. The main reasons for exclusion were participation in another trial, dementia, and advanced disease. "Excluded" and "declining" patients were significantly older with more co-morbidity, decreased functional status, and had more seldom received education above compulsory school level than "included" patients. Non-participants had a higher 1-year mortality than participants.



Nurse-led telephone-based follow-up after ACS can be applied to a large proportion in an unselected clinical setting.
Evaluation of salt supplementation in CF infants.

CF infants may be at increased risk of sodium depletion which may lead to impaired growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate their sodium supplementation requirements.



Ten CF infants had serial measurements of weight and plasma/urine sodium and creatinine. Sodium supplementation was adjusted with the aim of maintaining fractional excretion (FENa) between 0.5% and 1.5% and urinary sodium > 10 mmol/L.



Urine sodium:creatinine (UNa:Cr) ratio strongly correlated with FENa [UNa:Cr (mmol/mmol)=35.0 x FENa (r=0.99)]. The FENa target range corresponded to UNa:Cr 17-52 mmol/mmol. All infants required sodium supplementation to achieve UNa:Cr > 17 mmol/mmol. Sodium supplement requirements (mean+/-SD) at ages 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 months were 1.9+/-0.5, 1.8+/-0.8, 1.9+/-0.9 and 0.8+/-0.4 mmol/kg/d. No infant required calorie supplementation to achieve expected weight gain.



Using current UK guidelines, many cases of sodium depletion may be overlooked. Some infants require more than the recommended 1-2 mmol/kg/d. Cr ratio is a useful non-invasive measure to monitor sodium supplementation.
Triple therapy with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate 50/250 plus tiotropium bromide improve lung function versus individual treatments in moderate-to-severe Japanese COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial – Evaluation of Airway sGaw after treatment with tripLE

Triple therapy using salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (FP) and tiotropium bromide is commonly used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but sparse efficacy data exist in COPD patients with fewer symptoms and with a lower dose of inhaled corticosteroid in Japanese patients. The effects of of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate 50/250 μg (SFC250) twice daily plus tiotropium 18 μg (TIO) once daily and individual treatments on lung function were compared.



Fifty three Japanese COPD patients participated in this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, Williams square design crossover study. Lung function was assessed by plethysmography and spirometry.



The primary endpoint of postdose specific airway conductance area under the curve (AUC0-4h) on day 28 was significantly higher following SFC250 + TIO (0.854) compared with TIO (0.737, 15.8%) and SFC250 (0.663, 28.8%) alone. SFC250 + TIO significantly improved trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second from baseline versus TIO (0.161 L, P<0.001) and SFC250 (0.103 L, P=0.008). SFC250 + TIO significantly improved residual volume compared with TIO (P<0.001) and SFC250 (P=0.003) on day 28. Nonsignificant improvements were seen in trough inspiratory capacity, total lung capacity, and thoracic gas volume. There was no mean change seen in rescue medication.



Triple therapy using SFC250 + TIO was well tolerated and gave a greater improvement in bronchodilation compared with TIO and SFC250 alone in Japanese patients with COPD. There was improvement in few symptoms, but no mean change was seen in patient-reported outcomes measured by rescue medication use.
Use of apparent diffusion coefficient as a response biomarker in bone: effect of developing sclerosis on quantified values

To investigate the effect of sclerosis on apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in bone metastases from prostate cancer undergoing treatment. Sixteen patients underwent CT scans and MRI at baseline and 12 weeks following commencement of chemotherapy. For each patient, up to five bone metastases were selected. Hounsfield units were measured on CT and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured on diffusion weighted MRI at both time points. Correlations between changes in apparent diffusion coefficient and Hounsfield units were investigated. Corresponding pre- and post-treatment apparent diffusion coefficient and Hounsfield units were available on 60 lesions from 16 patients. Overall, there was no significant correlation between changes in apparent diffusion coefficient with Hounsfield units. However, where changes in Hounsfield units increased by more than 50 %, there was a trend for an associated ADC rise. Increasing sclerosis of bone metastases on treatment does not significantly impede diffusion.
Structured self-monitoring of blood glucose regimens improve glycemic control in poorly controlled Chinese patients on insulin therapy: Results from COMPASS.

The use of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among patients with insulin-treated, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in China is suboptimal. Herein we evaluated the effectiveness of structured SMBG for improving glycemic control and increasing the frequency of SMBG.



Insulin-treated (>3 months) T2DM patients aged ≥18 years with HbA1c >8.0 % (64 mmol/mol) were recruited to the study. They received SMBG materials and were advised on a structured SMBG regimen for their insulin therapy. Patients were trained to self-adjust insulin dosage according to SMBG readings and were seen by physicians at Months 3 and 6. Endpoints included changes in HbA1c, SMBG frequency, and hypoglycemia frequency.



The study enrolled 820 patients, with mean (± SD) age 55.1 ± 9.8 years, body mass index 24.9 ± 3.6 kg/m2 , HbA1c 9.7 ± 1.6 % (83 mmol/mol), and diabetes duration 9.8 ± 7.1 years, with median insulin therapy of 30.3 (3.0-274.1) months, from 19 Chinese clinics. By Month 3, 99.9 % of patients performed daily SMBG. At Months 3 and 6, HbA1c had decreased from baseline (-1.81 % and -1.73 %, respective; P < 0.0001 for both), with reduced hypoglycemia. In addition, 36.2 % and 39.9 % of patients achieved HbA1c <7.0 % (53 mmol/mol) at Months 3 and 6, respectively. The largest HbA1c improvements were for patients with a shorter duration of diabetes and insulin therapy.



A structured SMBG regimen, with training on interpretation of and responses to SMBG readings, increased SMBG frequency and improved HbA1c and the management of insulin-treated T2DM.
Comparison of the clinical history of symptomatic isolated muscular calf vein thrombosis versus deep calf vein thrombosis.

Half of all lower limb deep vein thromboses (DVT) are distal DVT that are equally distributed between muscular calf vein thromboses (MCVT) and deep calf vein thromboses (DCVT). Despite their high prevalence, MCVT and DCVT have never been compared so far, which prevents possible modulation of distal DVT management according to the kind of distal DVT (MCVT or DCVT).



Using data from the French, multicenter, prospective observational OPTimisation de l'Interrogatoire dans l'évaluation du risque throMbo-Embolique Veineux (OPTIMEV) study, we compared the clinical presentation and risk factors of 268 symptomatic isolated DCVT and 457 symptomatic isolated MCVT and the 3-month outcomes of the 222 DCVT and 390 MCVT that were followed-up.



During the entire follow-up, 86.5% of DCVT patients and 76.7% of MCVT patients were treated with anticoagulant drugs (P = .003). MCVT was significantly more associated with localized pain than DCVT (30.4% vs 22.4%, P = .02) and less associated with swelling (47.9% vs 62.7%, P < .001). MCVT and DCVT patients exhibited the same risk factors profile, except that recent surgery was slightly more associated with DCVT (odds ratio, 1.70%; confidence interval, 1.06-2.75), and had equivalent comorbidities as evaluated by the Charlson index. At 3 months, no statistically significant difference was noted between MCVT and DCVT in death (3.8% vs 4.1%), venous thromboembolism recurrence (1.5% vs 1.4%), and major bleeding (0% vs 0.5%).



Isolated symptomatic MCVT and DCVT exhibit different clinical symptoms at presentation but affect the same patient population. Under anticoagulant treatment and in the short-term, isolated distal DVT constitutes a homogeneous entity. Therapeutic trials are needed to determine a consensual mode of care of MCVT and DCVT.
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Self-Identified Stage of Recovery for people with long term mental illness.

The Self-Identified Stage of Recovery (SISR) is a two-part scale assessing both the stage of recovery (SISR-A) and the component processes of recovery (SISR-B) for people with mental illness. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the SISR and to examine its reliability and validity. The Japanese versions of the SISR-A and SISR-B were developed through focus group cognitive interviews and the translation-back translation procedure. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted of 223 participants who had long term mental illness, were aged 20 years or older, and currently living in communities and inpatient ward settings; 59.2% were males and the average age was 47.6 years. The questionnaire also included the 24-item Recovery Assessment Scale, Herth Hope Index, Empowerment Scale, and Resilience Scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient, and weighted kappas were generally fair to high, and the SISR-A and SISR-B scores were positively correlated with other relevant scales. This study supported the reliability and validity of the Japanese versions of the SISR-A and SISR-B among people with long term mental illness in Japan.
Expression of the outcome predictor in acute leukemia 1 (OPAL1) gene is not an independent prognostic factor in patients treated according to COALL or St Jude protocols.

New prognostic factors may result in better risk classification and improved treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Recently, high expression of a gene named OPAL1 (outcome predictor in acute leukemia) was reported to be associated with favorable prognosis in ALL. Therefore, we investigated whether OPAL1 expression was of prognostic importance in 2 independent cohorts of children with ALL treated on Cooperative Study Group for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (COALL)-92/97 (n = 180) and St Jude Total 13 protocols (n = 257). We observed a consistently higher (2.8-fold) expression of OPAL1 in TEL-AML1-positive ALL compared with TEL-AML1-negative ALL in both cohorts, but higher OPAL1 expression was not consistently associated with other favorable prognostic indicators such as age and white blood cell count, or ALL genetic subtype. Lower OPAL1 expression was also not associated with increased in vitro drug resistance. Multivariate analyses including known risk factors showed that OPAL1 expression was not independently related to prognosis in either the COALL or St Jude cohorts. In conclusion, OPAL1 expression may not be an independent prognostic feature in childhood ALL, and its previously reported prognostic impact appears to be treatment dependent.
Monotone Circuits for Connectivity Require Super-logarithmic Depth

We prove that every monotone circuit which tests <italic>st</italic>-connectivity of an undirected graph on <italic>n</italic> nodes has depth &OHgr;(log<supscrpt>2</supscrpt><italic>n</italic>). This implies a superpolynomial (<italic>n</italic><supscrpt>&OHgr;(log n)</supscrpt>) lower bound on the size of any monotone formula for <italic>st</italic>-connectivity.
The proof draws intuition from a new characterization of circuit depth in terms of communication complexity. It uses counting arguments and Extremal Set Theory.
Within the same framework, we also give a very simple and intuitive proof of a depth analogue of a theorem of Krapchenko concerning formula size lower bounds.
Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) for patients with chronic pain in Mainland China

Management of prescription opioids misuse and abuse problems among chronic pain patients has been increasingly important worldwide and little literature concerning prescription opioids can be found in mainland China so far.



The Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) was translated into Chinese following Brislin's model of cross-culture translation and was completed by a convenience sample of 180 patients with chronic pain recruited from two major hospitals in Jinan, Shandong province. Data were analyzed using internal consistency, test-retest reliability, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.



The internal consistency coefficient for the total score of the COMM was 0.85 and item-total correlations of all items were above 0.20. Besides, the test-retest reliability was satisfactory with an ICC of 0.91 (95% CI = 0.65-0.98). Four principal components were extracted, accounting for 65.30% of the variance, and the factor loadings of all 17 items were above 0.40.



The Chinese version of COMM showed satisfactory reliability and validity, and could be used as a screening tool to evaluate and monitor current aberrant drug-related behavior among Chinese patients with chronic pain.
Do depression symptoms predict early hypertension incidence in young adults in the CARDIA study? Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults.

Hypertension has been linked to several psychological factors, including depression, but the relation between hypertension incidence and depressive symptoms has not been adequately examined.



To determine if depressive symptoms independently predict hypertension incidence.



A prospective, multicenter, epidemiological cohort of young adults (aged 23-35 years at study entry) from the general community without hypertension followed up for 5 years.



A sample of 3343 adults from 4 urban areas stratified for race (black and white) from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study.



Hypertension incidence, which was defined as blood pressure higher than 160/95 mm Hg (assessed on a single occasion) or the use of prescribed antihypertensive medication.



Participants with high scores (> or = 16) on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale were at significant risk for hypertension incidence compared with those with low CES-D scores (< or =7; odds ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-3.61) after adjustment for other hypertension risk factors (eg, age, resting systolic blood pressure at the 5-year examination, physical activity, daily alcohol use, parental history of hypertension, education, presence of diabetes mellitus or heart disease, sex, and race) in fixed logistic models. Those with intermediate depressive symptoms (CES-D scores 8-15) were also at significant risk (adjusted odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.98). These associations were significant in blacks alone but were not found in whites, who had a lower hypertension incidence (29 [2%] of 1806) than blacks (89 [6%] of 1537).



Depressive symptoms were predictive of later hypertension incidence in young adults, and young blacks with depressive symptoms were at high risk of developing hypertension.
Early results of subvastus versus medial parapatellar approach in primary total knee arthroplasty

To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results immediately after total knee arthroplasty, we compared the parapatellar and subvastus approach. Fifty-two patients with osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to two groups. The measurement was based on clinical and radiographic features. There was a significant difference in passive range of motion. Patients in the subvastus approach group revealed a full knee extension and flexion of 90° significantly earlier than those in the parapatellar group. However, on the day of discharge, both groups were comparable. Radiological assessment revealed analogous results in both groups. Correction of varus or valgus deformity was required in 48 patients. Regardless of the surgical approach, the anteroposterior tibial femoral angle improved significantly in both groups. Concerning pain, operation time, blood loss, blood substitution and complications, no major differences could be seen.
Japanese IGT subjects with high insulin response are far more frequently associated with the metabolic syndrome than those with low insulin response

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) represents a prediabetic state positioned somewhere between normal glucose tolerance and diabetes, which is also assumed to make individuals in this state highly susceptible to atherosclerotic disease. IGT also accounts for a highly heterogeneous population, with the condition varying from individual to individual. In this study, we stratified subjects with IGT by their insulin response and compare the pathology of IGT when it is associated with high or low insulin response to gain insight into the diverse pathology of IGT. Of the male corporate employees who underwent 75 g OGTT at the corporation's healthcare center, 150 individuals diagnosed with IGT (isolated IGT, combined IGT and IFG) comprised our study subjects. The study subjects were stratified into four quartiles by percentile AUC for insulin, and those in the 25th or less percentile were defined as the low insulin response group (n=37) vs those in the 76th or greater percentile defined as the high insulin response group (n=38), and these groups were compared. There was no significant difference observed between the two groups in regard to post-OGTT glucose response and area under the glucose curve. However, the high insulin response group was associated with higher BMI, subcutanesous fat area, uric acid levels, HOMA-β cell values, and Δinsulin/Δglucose (30 min) than the low insulin response group. The number of risk factors for the metabolic syndrome detected (as defined by the ATPIII diagnostic criteria) per subject was 2.84±0.17 and 2.08±0.20, respectively, in the high insulin response group and in the low insulin response group, with the number significantly (p<0.05) higher in the high insulin response group. Furthermore, the incidence of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the ATPIII diagnostic criteria was 63.2% (24/38) in the high insulin response group vs 32.4% (12/27) in the low insulin response group, with the incidence significantly (p<0.01) higher in the high insulin response group. Likewise, the incidence of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the Japanese diagnostic criteria was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the high insulin response group at 50% (19/38) compared to 27.0% (10/37) in the low insulin response group. Our study findings suggest that IGT subjects with high insulin response and those with low insulin response vary greatly in regard to the number of atherosclerotic risk factors complicated and the frequency with which they are associated with the metabolic syndrome. It is also shown in middle-aged Japanese males that of the two forms of IGT, IGT with high insulin response is more closely linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
A phase I trial of intravenous infusion of ONYX-015 and enbrel in solid tumor patients

ONYX-015 is an attenuated chimeric human group C adenovirus, which preferentially replicates in and lyses tumor cells that are p53 negative. The purpose of this phase I, dose-escalation study was to determine the safety and feasibility of intravenous infusion with ONYX-015 in combination with enbrel in patients with advanced carcinoma. Enbrel is a recombinant dimer of human tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α receptor, previously shown to reduce the level of functional TNF. Nine patients, three in each cohort received multiple cycles of ONYX-015 infusion (1 × 1010, 1 × 1011 and 1 × 1012 vp weekly for 4 weeks/cycle) in addition to subcutaneous enbrel (only during cycle 1) injections per FDA-indicated dosing. Of the nine patients, four had stable disease. No significant adverse events were attributed to the experimental regimen, confirming that enbrel can be safely administered along with oncolytic virotherapy. Two of the three patients in cohort 3 had detectable viral DNA at days 3 and 8 post-ONYX-015 infusion. Their detectable circulating viral DNA was markedly higher during cycle 1 (with enbrel coadministration) as compared with cycle 2 (without enbrel) at the same time points. Area under the curve determinations indicate a marked higher level of TNF-α induction and accelerated clearance at cycle 2 in the absence of enbrel. Further assessment is recommended.