nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Processing of Ferroelectric Thin Films

This report details work that was performed at Clemson University over the fourth year of a four-year program involving intelligent processing of ferroelectric thin films. Since ferroelectric and electrooptic materials are known to possess properties that can vary widely due to form factor and processing method, studies were carried out by producing electrooptic thin films and bulk ceramics from the same acetate precursors via a liquid chemical MOD (metal organic decomposition) process and then characterizing their chemical, electrical, physical and electrooptic properties. It was desirable that a processing method compatible with both spin and dip-coated thin films as well as bulk ceramics made from coprecipitated powders be used in order to quantitatively compare their respective properties. The dielectric properties of electrooptic thin films were varied by mechanically altering the stresses placed upon the films. Comparisons were made among thin films under applied bending stresses of different magnitude. Properties measured were dielectric constant, saturation polarization, remanent polarization, coercive field and unit cell d-spacing.
Design of Technology and Organization of Construction with the Aid of Simulation and Expert Systems / Problems, Experiences, Prospects /

Such concepts as scheduling , control and design in construction engineering are computer-assisted to a different degree. The problem can be looked at from various perspectives. One of them is the necessity of defining nu merical characteristics about production processes . This in turn is related to the identification and modelling of the said processes. It follows from the many years experience of the authors that two complementary modelling systems should be distinguished:
A () quantum field theory

16. In problem 13 of Problem Set 4, you showed that the Lorentz transformation of the Dirac field is ψ(x)→ e−iλμνσμν/4ψ(Λ−1x) and in class we learned that the parity transformation is ψ(x, t) → eγψ(−x, t). Show from these rules that the Dirac bilinears, ψ̄(x)ψ(x), ψ̄(x)γ5ψ(x), ψ̄(x)γ ψ(x), ψ̄(x)γ5γ ψ(x), and ψ̄(x)σψ(x), transform under Lorentz and parity transformations as scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, axial vector, and second rank tensor fields respectively. Here ψ̄ ≡ ψ†γ0 is the Dirac adjoint. A useful first step in the solution is to prove that ψ̄(x) → ψ̄(Λ−1x)e+iλμνσμν/4 under Lorentz transformations. Also it is enough to specialize to infinitesimal Lorentz transformations. (The terms pseudoand axial refer to opposite than “normal” parity properties. For a normal 4-vector, the time component is even and the space component is odd under parity. A normal scalar is even under parity.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND EARNINGS OF POOR PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN

The relationship between financial development and income growth of the poor segment of population is analyzed both theoretically and empirically in this paper. Advanced technique like ARDL procedure is employed for co-integration while utilizing time series sample covering 1971-2005 period. Findings of the paper strongly suggest that financial development not only improves the income levels of the poor people through investment in physical and human capital directly but indirectly by means of increased economic growth. It is a clear indication of the fact that McKinnon Conduit Effect is prevalent in the country. Contrary to this, during financial instability or banking crises poor deprived indigenous people neither have access to credit nor their deposit are secured. Although increased level of economic growth resulting on account of monetary instability creates income inequality among the poor disadvantaged people by lowering their purchasing power. Thus, enhanced agricultural activity, employment generating manufacturing sector and favorable investment climate are the motivating factors in pushing the incomes of said personals in the upward direction.
Beliefs, intentions, and evolution: Old versus new psychological game theory

We compare Colman's proposed "psychological game theory" with the existing literature on psychological games (Geanakoplos, Pearce and Stachetti 1989), in which beliefs and intentions assume a prominent role. We also discuss the experimental evidence on intentions, with a particular emphasis on reciprocal behavior, as well as some recent efforts to show that such behavior is consistent with social evolutions.
A Mechanical Proof of the Cook-Levin Theorem

As is the case with many theorems in complexity theory, typical proofs of the celebrated Cook-Levin theorem showing the NP-completeness of satisfiability are based on a clever construction. The Cook-Levin theorem is proved by carefully translating a possible computation of a Turing machine into a boolean expression. As the boolean expression is built, it is “obvious” that it can be satisfied if and only if the computation corresponds to a valid and accepting computation of the Turing machine. The details of the argument that the translation works as advertised are usually glossed over; it is the translation itself that is discussed. In this paper, we present a formal proof of the correctness of the translation. The proof is verified with the theorem prover ACL2.
Exploring hardware support for scaling irregular applications on multi-node multi-core architectures

The recent emergence of large-scale knowledge discovery, data mining and social network analysis, irregular applications have gained renewed interest. Cache-based architectures do not provide optimal performances with such workloads, mainly due to the low spatial and temporal locality of their control and memory access patterns. This paper presents a multi-node, multi-core, multi-threaded shared-memory system architecture designed for the execution of large-scale irregular applications, and built on top of three pillars that support these workloads. First, transparent hardware support for Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) provides a large globally-shared address space with no software library overhead. Second, multithreaded multi-core processing nodes achieve the necessary latency tolerance required when accessing physically distributed global memory. Third, hardware support is provided for inter-thread synchronization on the global address space. An analytical performance model that accounts for the main architecture and application characteristics is presented. The hardware design of the proposed custom architectural building blocks is then described. Finally, a multi-board FPGA prototype of the proposed system with typical irregular kernels and benchmarks is presented. The experimental evaluation demonstrates the architecture performance scalability for different configurations of the whole system.
Life Cycle, Ultrastructure, and Phylogeny of New Diplonemids and Their Endosymbiotic Bacteria

Diplonemids represent a hyperdiverse and abundant yet poorly studied group of marine protists. Here we describe two new members of the genus Diplonema (Diplonemea, Euglenozoa), Diplonema japonicum sp. nov. and Diplonema aggregatum sp. nov., based on life cycle, morphology, and 18S rRNA gene sequences. Along with euglenozoan apomorphies, they contain several unique features. Their life cycle is complex, consisting of a trophic stage that is, following the depletion of nutrients, transformed into a sessile stage and subsequently into a swimming stage. The latter two stages are characterized by the presence of tubular extrusomes and the emergence of a paraflagellar rod, the supportive structure of the flagellum, which is prominently lacking in the trophic stage. These two stages also differ dramatically in motility and flagellar size. Both diplonemid species host endosymbiotic bacteria that are closely related to each other and constitute a novel branch within Holosporales, for which a new genus, "Candidatus Cytomitobacter" gen. nov., has been established. Remarkably, the number of endosymbionts in the cytoplasm varies significantly, as does their localization within the cell, where they seem to penetrate the mitochondrion, a rare occurrence. We describe the morphology, behavior, and life cycle of two new Diplonema species that established a relationship with two Holospora-like bacteria in the first report of an endosymbiosis in diplonemids. Both endosymbionts reside in the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion, which establishes an extremely rare case. Within their life cycle, the diplonemids undergo transformation from a trophic to a sessile and eventually a highly motile swimming stage. These stages differ in several features, such as the presence or absence of tubular extrusomes and a paraflagellar rod, along with the length of the flagella. These morphological and behavioral interstage differences possibly reflect distinct functions in dispersion and invasion of the host and/or prey and may provide novel insight into the virtually unknown function of diplonemids in the oceanic ecosystem.
Socially-Relevant Capstone Design Projects in Power Engineering

Senior design projects can be a way to bring the university closer to societal needs. This paper describes how the senior capstone design courses in power engineering developed at the University of Puerto Rico-Mayagiiez (UPRM) strive to provide a service to society. These projects deal with societal needs, and are part of design courses that culminate the major design experience as specified by ABET. Teams of students identify a society-based problem, propose a design solution, perform measurements/simulations and present the final analysis and design to an industry or community partner. An important aspect of the projects is the inclusion of both technical and social constraints such as safety and environmental issues. These design experiences are an ideal way to understanding the new challenges in power systems planning, policy, analysis and design
CAN THERE BE REASONS FOR PUTTING LIMITATIONS ON CLASSICAL LOGIC

The question in the title is answered with a yes, albeit with a special proviso. In the first place the answer agrees with Pat Suppes' words "there are a number of reasons for moving very slowly to the adoption of a new logic." Secondly, the strategy proposed is not to move to a new logic but to put limitations or filters on Classical Logic when needed. This is based on the conviction that those questions where the application of classical logic leads to difficulties - like that of probability assignments to conjunctions, redundant elements of the consequence class, non-invariance of results against language frames - are beyond questions of validity (of semantics in the narrow sense) and therefore cannot be solved by changing classical validity. A more appropriate way seems therefore to leave classical logic (and validity) unchanged and distinguish it from new properties which are obtained by putting special limitations (filters) on it. The procedure is as follows: after classifying certain difficulties in Section 2 problems are given in detail in Section 3 which are special examples for these difficulties. In Section 4 limitative criteria for classical logic are offered which give solutions to the problems of Section 3. Moreover, special formal properties of these limitative criteria are discussed and some theorems about them are proved.
SMALLEST RELATIONAL MECHANICS MODEL OF QUANTUM COSMOLOGY

Relational particle mechanics are models in which there is, overall, no time, position, orientation (nor, sometimes, scale). They are useful for whole-universe modelling - the setting for quantum cosmology. This note concerns 3 particles in 1d in shape-scale split variables. The scale part parallels certain Friedmann equations, while in this note the shape part involves functions on the circle. The scale part is taken to be ‘heavy’ and ‘slow’ so the semiclassical approach applies and scale provides an approximate timestandard with repect to which the light physics runs. Relational particle mechanics moreover provide conceptual models of inhomogeneity, structure formation and nontrivial linear constraints (minisuperspace models do not and midisuperspace models only do at the cost of substantial complications).
Exploiting 1,4-naphthoquinone and 3-iodo-1,4-naphthoquinone motifs as anion binding sites by hydrogen or halogen-bonding interactions.

We describe here the utilization of 1,4-naphthoquinone and 3-iodo-1,4-naphthoquinone motifs as new anion binding sites by hydrogen- or halogen-bonding interactions, respectively. These binding sites have been integrated in bidentate ester based receptors. Emission experiments reveal that both receptors selectively recognize sulfate anions, which induced a remarkable increase of a new emission band attributed to the formation of π-stacking interactions between two 1,4-naphthoquinone units. Absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry indicate the disruption of the ester group of the 1,4-naphthoquinone based receptor in the presence of HP2O73-, H2PO4-, F-, AcO- and C6H5CO2- and in the halogenated receptor with HP2O73-, F- and AcO- anions, while the presence of sulfate anions showed the clasical complexation behaviour. The 1H-NMR experiment showed a slow exchange process of the receptors with their sulfate complexes. The binding mode of the receptors with sulfate has been studied by DFT calculations along with the Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface computational tool that reveals those parts of the receptors which are more suitable for interacting with anions.
Sensitivity Analysis of Checkpointing Strategies for Multimemetic Algorithms on Unstable Complex Networks

The use of volatile decentralized computational platforms such as, e.g., peer-to-peer networks, is becoming an increasingly popular option to gain access to vast computing resources. Making an effective use of these resources requires algorithms adapted to such a changing environment, being resilient to resource volatility. We consider the use of a variant of evolutionary algorithms endowed with a classical fault-tolerance technique, namely the creation of checkpoints in a safe external storage. We analyze the sensitivity of this approach on different kind of networks (scale-free and small-world) and under different volatility scenarios. We observe that while this strategy is robust under low volatility conditions, in cases of severe volatility performance degrades sharply unless a high checkpoint frequency is used. This suggest that other fault-tolerance strategies are required in these situations.
Otto Gross and Else Jaffé and Max Weber

Section one of this article gives the narrative background to the love affair between Otto Gross and Else Jaffe. Otto Gross took Freud's psychoanalytic method in a libertarian direction and he became an influential figure in German anarchist circles shortly before 1914. Else Jaffe was a leading figure in Heidelberg's academic community. Section 2 provides the first complete translation of the Gross-Jaffe letters. Section 3 contrasts the positions of Gross and Max Weber to Nietzsche and comments on Else Jaffe's intermediate role. It was her person that contributed to the development of both men's thinking on the erotic. An appendix provides the transcription of the Gross-Jaffe correspondence in German.
Compliance of pharmacological treatment for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes with contemporary guidelines: influence on outcomes.

Although the proven efficacy of evidence-based therapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases, the recommendations are not always instituted. We aimed to analyse the compliance of non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients with treatment guidelines and to assess the impact of these measures in hospital death during the index hospitalization.



All consecutive patients (pts) included in the Portuguese Registry on Acute Coronary Syndromes (ProACS) between January 1, 2002 and August 31, 2011 were analysed. Compliance with Guidelines for the management of NSTE-ACS was evaluated with a 6-point therapeutic score (ThSc), comprising the treatment with: aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin, beta-blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and statin. One point was assigned for each drug prescribed and zero if not given. The total therapeutic compliance was defined as ThSc =6 points.



The final analysis comprised 14,276 pts (67.1% male; mean age 67.6±12.3 years), most of them admitted with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (77.4%). The mean value of ThSc was 4.9±1.1 and total compliance occurred in 36.7% pts. Centres with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capacity had a statistically significant higher ThSc (5.0±1.0 vs. 4.8±1.1, P<0.001) and were associated with higher total compliance [OR 1.53, 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.42-1.65, P<0.001]. In-hospital mortality was 2.4% (354 deaths). Compared to pts who died, the survivors had a higher ThSc (4.9±1.1 vs. 4.2±1.3, P<0.001) and this score was independently associated with lower risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 0.70, 95% CI, 0.64-0.77, P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed a good accuracy of ThSc for the occurrence of in-hospital mortality with the area under the curve (AUC) 0.82 (95% CI, 0.80-0.84, P<0.001), sensitivity 71.6% and specificity 78.0%. Age, peripheral artery disease, Killip-Kimball class >I, electrocardiogram (ECG) with ST-segment depression and positive troponin were other independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.



In the present study, patients with NSTE-ACS who received medications recommended by guidelines had better in-hospital outcomes. These findings highlight the need to clarify the clinical recommendations and to develop approaches for quality improvement in this subset of patients.
Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the heat source of thermal activity in the Rausu geothermal field, Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan

The Rausu geothermal field is situated in the middle part of the Shiretoko Peninsula, east Hokkaido, Japan. It has been classified into “A-type” (characterized by high temperature/depth ratio) in terms of its Geothermal Activity Index. The geology of the area consists of Tertiary volcaniclastic rocks, a hornblende dacite intrusion and overlying Tertiary to Quaternary lavas. The dacite is 63 wt.% SiO2 and belongs to the calc-alkaline suite. The solidus and subsolidus temperatures of the dacite magma, calculated from mineral equilibrium, are 830°C and 741°C, respectively. The K-Ar age obtained from hornblende phenocryst is 3.0±0.8 Ma. The geological, geochronological and petrological data suggest that the heat source of the Rausu geothermal field is a long-lived, high-temperature granodioritic pluton existing beneath the intrusion. It is suggested that the thermal activity is caused by the upwelling of high-temperature fluids related to the pluton, through fracture networks within or around the intrusion.
Historiographical debate: representations of the past in Ireland: whose past and whose present.

In modern history there are few countries which present the historian with the kind of interpretative challenge offered by Ireland. The general outlines of the problem are well known—the impact on the island of successive waves of colonisation; the endemic unrest, religious strife, and political instability, exemplified in recent times by the partition of the island between two states; and the interaction and conflict since the middle ages of two cultures and two peoples, Gaelic and English. These salient features of Irish history raise the question of an appropriate historiographical framework within which the island’s history might be interpreted—if we accept that Ireland’s historical experience cannot be understood in isolation. In an article published in this journal three years ago, I outlined an alternative perspective on the history of late medieval Ireland which, it seemed to me, also held possibilities for other periods of Irish history. In the course of the discussion, the article also urged the modification or replacement of particular terms and concepts which have traditionally been used by historians but which, I argued, are an obstacle to a more balanced, pluralistic understanding of Ireland’s past. The article has since attracted a reply by Dr Brendan Bradshaw, on which the journal’s editors have kindly allowed me to comment.
Setulflike scour-remnant features in a Neogene volcaniclastic flood deposit, central Oregon

Positive relief structures, resembling the inverse of flute marks, occur on a cohesive siltstone bed in nonmarine volcaniclastic sediments of the Deschutes Formation in central Oregon. Unlike setulfs and previously described scour remnant ridges, these structures increase in relief, rather than decrease, in the presumed downcurrent direction. The origin of these structures by sheet flow during floods is preferred over a wind origin, but the evidence is equivocal. The nature of flow necessary to produce these features is not known but may be related to unusual fluid boundary-layer conditions associated with high sediment-load transport.
Prevalence and covariates of masked hypertension in ischemic stroke survivors: the Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study.

Masked hypertension (MHT) is characterized by normal clinic blood pressure (BP), but elevated ambulatory BP has been associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular organ damage.



We assessed the prevalence and characteristics of MHT in 298 ischemic stroke patients aged 15-60 years. High-normal office BP was considered present if systolic BP was 130-139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP was 85-89 mmHg. Arterial damage was defined as increased pulse wave velocity measured by applanation tonometry and/or mean common carotid intima-media thickness more than 0.9 mm measured by ultrasound.



MHT was found in 12% of patients. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, MHT patients were characterized by higher BMI [odds ratio (OR) 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.16], high-normal office BP (OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.26-4.21), and higher serum triglycerides (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.01-1.47, all P<0.05) in the total study population. Compared with normotensive patients, MHT was characterized by a higher prevalence of high-normal office BP (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.08-3.90), obesity (OR 2.67; 95% CI 1.31-5.47), and arterial damage (OR 2.87; 95% CI 1.46-5.66, all P<0.05). Compared with patients with sustained hypertension, MHT was associated with a lower prevalence of arterial damage (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.23-0.99, P=0.05) despite a higher prevalence of high-normal office BP and comparable ambulatory BP values.



Among young and middle-aged ischemic stroke patients, MHT was found in 12% and associated with high-normal office BP, obesity, and more prevalent arterial damage compared with normotensive patients, underscoring the importance of identification of MHT in these patients.
The expansion of Islam in the middle periods

"The Venture of Islam" has been honored as a magisterial work of the mind since its publication in early 1975. In this three-volume study, illustrated with charts and maps, Hodgson traces and interprets the historical development of Islamic civilization from before the birth of Muhammad to the middle of the twentieth century. This work grew out of the famous course on Islamic civilization that Hodgson created and taught for many years at the University of Chicago. In the second work of this three-volume set, Hodgson investigates the establishment of an international Islamic civilization through about 1500. This includes a theoretical discussion of cultural patterning in the Islamic world and the Occident. "This is a nonpareil work, not only because of its command of its subject but also because it demonstrates how, ideally, history should be written."-"The New Yorker "