nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Jesus in Samaria (John 4:4—42): A Model for Cross-Cultural Ministry:

The narrative of Jesus' missionary journey to Samaria in John 4:4—42 had implications for the first-century Johannine community as they, like Jesus at Jacob's well, encountered new situations and new cultures. This article proposes that it may hold different but analogous implications for the church in every age. A contextual approach shaped by modern missiology, cultural anthropology, and local/contextual theology highlights the text's sensitivity to ethnic identity, cultural and religious traditions, past history, prejudice, marginalization, differences in perspective, and human processes in faith development. Read in this light, the passage can provide a model for ministry across cultural barriers in a pluralistic world still crisscrossed by divisions.
On the Past and Future of American Immigration and Ethnic History: A Sociologist’s Reflections on a Silver Jubilee

To a historian, twenty five years may not seem like much: a span scarcely the measure of a generation, within the frame of “current affairs,” it may not yet qualify as “history”; it might even be said, paraphrasing Gertrude Stein, that there is no long duree there. But to a sociologist, it is a span that packs a wallop. This essay examines the past and future of American immigration and ethnic history in the light of rapid changes marking the 25-year period between 1981 and 2006. Although much of American sociology, led by the scholars of what came to be called the Chicago School, gained its impetus and its disciplinary identity a century ago via the empirical study of mass immigration and the adaptations in American cities of an unprecedented diversity of newcomers, twenty-five years ago there was little scholarly work being done in the sociology of immigration and ethnicity. Doctoral students at leading universities were advised by their mentors as late as the 1980s to avoid writing their dissertations on such topics, since immigration was not a “field” or even a recognized section of the American Sociological Association. There was no there there, then. On the other hand, immigration became a field of specialization in American history in the 1926-40 period, it “erupted” in the late 1960s, and by the 1970s an astounding 1,813 doctoral dissertations in history focused on immigration or ethnicity. It was when immigration became “a thing of the past” that historians surged to study it, while sociologists turned to more contemporary concerns (including what would become glossed as “race and ethnic relations”). Still, historians and sociologists alike have kindred interests in understanding and explaining the common and endlessly fascinating phenomena that delimit our respective fields. While the recovery, if not the discovery, of the past may be the historian’s raison d’etre, it is in part the social scientist’s conceit to examine the patterned present in order to predict the future. Whether our glance is backward or forward, our knowledge is ineluctably shaped by our present predicaments, so that as often as not we see through our respective prisms darkly. And history, in any case, does not obligingly repeat itself, whether as tragedy or as familiar farce. If we can learn something from the chaotic, checkered past of the last era of mass migration to the United States a century ago, it may be to harbor few illusions about crystal-ball gazing, even in increments of twenty-five years. Historians and sociologists alike, in our own Janus-faced ways, seek to contribute to human understanding, to enlightenment, and to the tolerance and humility that comes with it – and in that way we make our most important contributions to the long duree of humanity, all the more in a present suffused by a climate of fear. To bring these two disciplines together in the study of American immigration and ethnicity has been one of the pioneering contributions of the JAEH in its first quarter century.
Morality and EFL Instruction in an Arab Context – Exploring Perceptions and Practices

This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between moral commitment and EFL teacher standard-based performance. 20 Muslim English native speaking instructors who work at Taibah University Language Centre participated in this study. The following instruments were used for investigating the correlation between teachers’ moral spirituality and their practical classroom performance: a scale of religious commitment, an open-ended questionnaire of spirituality and a standard-based observation sheet of the teachers’ performance. The present study sheds light on the nature of moral commitment and its correlation to EFL teacher performance based on different personal conceptions about Islam.
Services inputs and firm productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa : evidence from firm-level data

The authors investigate the relationship between the productivity of African manufacturing firms and their access to services inputs. They use data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey for over 1,000 firms in 10 Sub-Saharan African countries to calculate the total factor productivity of firms. The Enterprise Surveys also contain unique measures of firms' access to communications, electricity, and financial services. The availability of these measures at the firm level, both as subjective and objective indicators, allows the authors to exploit the variation in services performance at the subnational regional level. Furthermore, by using the regional variation in services performance, they are also able to address concerns about the possible endogeneity of the services variables. The results show a significant and positive relationship between firm productivity and service performance in all three services sectors analyzed. The authors thus provide support for the argument that improvements in services industries contribute to enhancing the performance of downstream economic activities, and thus are an essential element of a strategy for promoting growth and reducing poverty.
Science and Technology with a Human Face: Russian- American Perspectives

*"Natture Pi-otectioni as Moral Dtuty: Ethical Tr-enids in the RtussianCon-ser-vationi Movement," Anitoni Struchkov, Instittute of the History of Scien-ce and Techlnology, RAN *'"The Evoluttiont of Concepts abotut the Pr-eser-vatiot) of Nattur-e in Soviet Literature," Feliks Shtil'miiark, for-miier-ly of the Itugan-skii Nattur-e Preser-ve eT"'hlie Hlumanities aindl the Environmental CIisis," Leo Marx, MIT *'"Social and Enivironmental Crises: 'I'wo Phecnlomlena or' Two Faces of a Sinigle Process?" Ivan Ttugai-iniov, Anialytic Center o(n Prob)lems of' Socio-econiomiiic and(l Scientific-techlnological Development, RAN
Intensional semantics of system T of Gödel

This paper is a contribution to the development of a theory of behaviour of programs. We study an intensional behaviour of system T of Godel that is devoted to capturing not which function is computed but how it is computed. This intensional behaviour is captured by a denotational semantics in the domain of lazy natural numbers. It is shown that all sequential algorithms definable in system T are intensional behaviours. This leads us to obtain a general representation theorem asserting that we may compute every definable function of system T with the behaviour of a sequential algorithm using a higher-order term.
History and Eschatology in the Work of Rosenstock-Huessy

AbstractThis article deals with Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy's Denkstil, especially focusing on his historical and sociological works. Starting with the question of whether Rosenstock-Huessy was a social historian avant la lettre, it discusses Rosenstock-Huessy's theory of revolutions and his cross of reality as the most significant outcomes of his historical research after the shock of World War I. Due to the fact that Rosenstock-Huessy opposes the modern concept of a crossed-out God and criticizes what he called positivism and historicism, the essay will discuss the modernist and conservative character of his Denkstil as an example for Posthistoire-thinking and meta-history.
Tectonic Framework and Sedimentary Feature of the Tarim Basin in Paleozoic

Between Tianshan and kunlun Aerjin Mountains lies Tarim Basin,the largest sedimentary basin in china. The basin has undergone the formation of basement during pre Sinian and development since Phanerozoic and it is a giant complex basin with the histry of a Paleozoic original craton basin overlain by a Mesozoic Cenozoic foreland basin. The craton basin had been subjected to a rift in Sinian,a marginal aulacogen in Cambrian Ordovician and an intracratonic depression basin in Silurian Permian. The Paleozoic Erachem is mainly a set of carbonate rocks and clastic rocks of marine facies and the sedimentary and depressing centers experienced several times of shifting during Paleozoic. The Louer Paleozoic is thicker in the east than in the west and the Upper Paleozoic is thinner in the east than in the west. All resulted from the control of the plate evolution and tectonic framework in Paleozoic.
Predictors of pain among patients with head and neck cancer.

To determine predictors of pain 1 year after the diagnosis of head and neck cancer.  Prospective, multisite cohort study.  Three academically affiliated medical centers.  The study population comprised 374 previously untreated patients with carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract.  Participants were surveyed before treatment and 1 year thereafter. Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine predictors of the 36-Item Short-Form Instrument (SF-36) bodily pain score 1 year after diagnosis.  The mean SF-36 bodily pain score at 1 year was 65, compared with 61 at the time of diagnosis (P = .004), and 75, the population norm (lower scores indicate worse pain). Variables independently associated with pain included pretreatment pain score (P < .001), less education (P = .02), neck dissection (P = .001), feeding tube (P = .05), xerostomia (P < .001), depressive symptoms (P < .001), taking more pain medication (P < .001), less physical activity (P = .02), and poor sleep quality (P = .006). The association between head and neck cancer pain and current smoking and problem drinking did not reach significance (P = .07 and P = .08, respectively).  Aggressive pain management may be indicated for patients with head and neck cancer who undergo neck dissections, complain of xerostomia, require feeding tubes, and have medical comorbidities. Treatment of modifiable risk factors such as depression, poor sleep quality, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse may also reduce pain and improve quality of life among patients with head and neck cancer.
Advance directives in the cardiac care unit.

Despite effective therapies, mortality for many cardiovascular diseases remains higher than for many cancers and is difficult to predict. Guidelines recommend discussing advance directives (AD), including living wills and durable powers of attorney, with heart failure patients. The Patient Self-Determination Act mandates such discussions with all hospitalized patients. Little data are available on AD prevalence in patients with serious cardiac disease.



Patients admitted to a cardiac care unit (CCU) were surveyed regarding demographics, medical history, prevalence of AD, and interest in obtaining more information about AD. Histories of life-threatening cardiac diagnoses were tabulated. Prevalence of AD and interest in obtaining more information about AD were obtained via chart review from patients on an oncology (ONC) floor at the same hospital.



One hundred twelve CCU (average age 58 +/- 16 years, 47 women) and 105 ONC (average age 58 +/- 14 years, 32 women) patients were enrolled. Prevalence of AD was not different between CCU and ONC patients (26% vs 31%, P = .37). Among CCU patients with prior hospitalizations but no AD, 21 of 64 did not recall being asked about AD. Cardiac care unit patients with heart failure and pulmonary hypertension were more likely to report being asked about AD in the past (39 of 54, P = .03 and 7 of 9, P = .008, respectively), but only heart failure patients were more likely to want more information about AD (P = .005). Of patients without AD, 83% from CCU and 18% from ONC wanted more information on AD (P < .001).



Prevalence of AD in the CCU was low, and many patients did not recall prior AD discussions. The CCU patients without AD were more likely to want information about AD than the ONC patients. A renewed emphasis on AD discussions with cardiovascular patients is needed and would be welcomed. Advance directives should be emphasized in cardiovascular training programs.
‘“I am Plain Morris”: Reimagining the Everyday William Morris

William Morris - Victorian socialist, designer, poet, artist and craftsman - urged his contemporaries to 'Have nothing in your houses that you do not know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful', foregrounding his belief in the importance of beautiful practicality in daily domestic life. This volume of essays seeks to examine the importance of Morris' interest in everyday life for his art, literature and politics in his own day and beyond. Contributors explore the many aspects of the everyday that informed William Morris' work - from his utopian socialism to his designs for domestic interiors - and, in the process, show how his insistence on the value of beauty and pleasure in daily life formed the basis of his call for a radical transformation of society. As this volume demonstrates, William Morris' concern with the ordinary concerns and pleasures of daily life remains relevant in the twenty-first century.
Phenomenology of [formula presented] from ratios of inclusive B decay rates

We explore the theoretical feasibility of extracting V{sub ub} from two ratios built from B meson inclusive partial decays, R{sub 1}={gamma}(b{yields}uc(bar sign)s{sup '})/3{gamma}(b{yields}cl{nu}(bar sign)) and R{sub 2}=[{gamma}(b{yields}cX)-{gamma}(b{yields}c(bar sign)X)]/{gamma}(b{yields}cu(bar sign)d{sup '}). We discuss contributions to these quantities from perturbative and nonperturbative physics, and show that they can be computed with overall uncertainties at the level of 10%.
Heterogeneous Multinational Firms and Investment Liberalization in Developing Economies

As developing economies have increasingly implemented investment liberalization to attract foreign investment, its impact on multinational firms is a crucial policy question. This paper seeks to quantify the response of individual multinational firms to a reduction in investment costs in developing countries. Calibrating the firm-heterogeneity model of Eaton, Kortum, and Kramarz (2011) to match micro-level data on Japanese multinational firms, we use the calibrated model to conduct a series of counterfactual policy experiments that reduce fixed or variable costs of foreign production. We find that the greater level of investment liberalization may produce larger welfare gains for the developing economies. In terms of the extensive and intensive margins, the policy reforms tend to induce more productive foreign firms to expand their local production to the larger extent. These results suggest a policy implication for investment targeting at the firm-level.
Buffon on Death and Fossils

This article addresses the association between death and fossils that Buffon developed across the thirty-six volumes of his Histoire naturelle and its implications for his literary project. Through a study of the connections between Buffon9s physiological theory of death, his fable of the first man, his anthropological treatment of funeral rites among non-European peoples, his statistical studies of life expectancy, and his personalized discussion of fossils at the end of his life, I argue that over the course of Buffon9s career the imaginative trope connecting death to ossification and petrification shaped both his natural philosophy and his literary project. This trope found its richest expression in Buffon9s last work, the Histoire naturelle des mineraux , which I interpret as his testament.
Can we consider the policy instruments as cyclical substitutes? Some Empirical Evidence

The main objective of this article is to study how central banks and fiscal authorities interact when they conduct the economic policy. Specially, it seems very helpful to specify if this two policymakers act under complementary or substitutability strategy. Our methodology is based on a simple model of policy-mix that is estimated by panel data method. Our main results show that for seven OECD countries and during the period 1975-1997, the two policy instruments seem to be complementary. Moreover, even if the central banks become more and more independent during this period, the estimates underline that the reaction functions of central banks depend on output and the governments have continued to care about inflation rate.
Is there a better commitment mechanism than cross-listings for emerging-economy firms? Evidence from Mexico

The last decade of work in corporate governance has shown that weak legal institutions at the country level hinder firms in emerging economies from accessing finance and technology affordably. To attract outside resources, these firms must often use external commitments for repayment. Research suggests that a common commitment mechanism is to borrow US securities laws, which involves listing the emerging economy firm's shares on a US exchange. This paper uses a quasi-natural experiment from Mexico to examine the conditions under which forming a strategic alliance with a foreign multinational firm is actually a superior mechanism for ensuring good corporate governance.
The price of unsustainability: An experiment with professional private equity investors

This paper sheds light on the impact sustainable and unsustainable corporate practices have on equity financing. We present a unique framed field experiment in which professional private equity investors competed in closed auctions to acquire fictive firms. We hence observe that corporate non-financial performance impacts firm valuation and investment decision and we quantify to which extent. Main result is an asymmetric effect, entrepreneurs having more to lose from unsustainable practices than to gain from sustainable ones. Our findings are discussed in terms of practical implications for both investors and firm managers.
Service-Oriented Analysis of Logistics Services

The production of goods and services has the common target to satisfy the needs of the customers. In contrast to goods, the modeling of services is connected with additional challenges. This involves finding models, which describe the content of services and reflect their complex nature. The complexity is founded on service characteristics like composition, heterogeneity and inheritance. With the growing economic importance of services, the companies need solutions for Service Management. These tools should enable them to describe services, to compare services and to manage them as it is standard for products. Service Management is not only important for companies out of the service sector. To manufacture products different services like engineering or logistics are necessary. In this paper we describe our service modeling approach which is based on two assumptions. The first one relates to the fact that the content of a service is defined by the value for the customer. The second assumption reflects the fact that the content of a service can be described by the entities and their relations, which are necessary to produce it. To get service models we investigate the production process of services and how the provision of services is carried out. We made a first prove of our concept with logistics services of a manufacturing company. The results are described in this paper.
Estados, sociedade e cidadania: outcomes da mensagem hermética no contrato psicológico

Societies are intrinsically linked to the existence of States. If their development depends on the individual conduct of each citizen, it is with the States’ coherence, in the application of the political matrix, that better societies are built. The relationship is circular. Citizenship is constituted by the bond between an individual and a territorial and political entity. The new concept of citizenship that the European Union has been spreading, not only seeks to enhance and improve the assurance of economic and social rights but it also ensures that the citizen feels like a part of the European integration process. Among the written legal norms and the European Union’s guidelines, and their implementation by the Institution of Sovereignty, there is a subjective space in the relationship, whose interpretation differs from what is formally written in legal diplomas. In this kinetic gap, the relationship is driven by the psychosocial contract, being that the individual’s attitudes and behaviours result from perceptions based on an interpretative framework that each one creates about a certain reality. The current study mainly aims to discuss the austerity measures implemented in societies governed by the fundamental principles of a State of democratic right and by the principle of subsidiarity. We strictly follow the principles of objective hermeneutic interpretation applied to the documents produced by the European Union on citizenship. Citizenship cannot be a characteristic of only some nations. Nor can it be political rhetoric, with illusion intentions from Institutions which, in the empty exercise of duties assigned by Society, renounce the general will by stripping them from their fundamental rights, freedom and assurances.
Characterization of the Inhomogeneous Distribution of Light Elements in Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steels by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

The addition of a small amount of boron and nitrogen is known to improve the creep strength and life of ferritic heat-resistant steels. These light elements are thought to be distributed in the microstructures in a complicated manner during the heat treatment and creep of these steels. In order to understand the influence of the light elements on the mechanical properties of ferritic heat-resistant steels, a microscopic distribution analysis of the light elements is of importance. In this study, two types of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) methods were used to investigate the measurement conditions for analyzing secondary ions derived from boron and nitrogen in steels. In dynamic SIMS with a quadrupole analyzer, boron in the samples was effectively detected as BO 2 - ions under irradiation with primary O 2 + ions. From the time-of-flight (ToF) SIMS using a focused primary Bi 3 2+ ion beam coupled with the exposure of the sample to a low partial pressure of oxygen, it was suggested that boron is enriched in M 23 C 6 carbides in the steels and it may be, more or less, segregated at prior austenite grain boundaries with a moderate amount of nitrogen during normalizing. It was also demonstrated that nitrogen is precipitated as boron nitride in steels containing an excess amount of boron and nitrogen. The characteristics of the distribution of boron and nitrogen in the steels are discussed on the basis of the thermodynamic properties of these elements in the steels.
On Application of Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad Equation in Cognitive Psychology

We proceed towards an application of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics to cognitive psychology — the problem of decision-making in games of the Prisoners Dilemma type. These games were used as tests of rationality of players. Experiments performed in cognitive psychology by Shafir and Tversky [1, 2], Croson , Hofstader [4, 5] demonstrated that in general real players do not use "rational strategy" provided by classical game theory; this psychological phenomenon was called the disjunction effect. We elaborate a model of quantum-like decision making which can explain this effect ("irrationality" of plays). Our model is based on quantum information theory. The main result of this paper is the derivation of Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad equation whose equilibrium solution gives the quantum state used for decision making. It is the first application of this equation in cognitive psychology.