nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Patient activation with respect to advanced heart failure therapy in patients over age 65 years.

Clinical and ethical issues persist in determining candidacy for advanced heart failure (HF) therapies in elderly patients. Selection takes many factors into account, including "activation" (engagement and ability to self-manage).



To investigate effects of age, activation, and depression/anxiety on selection and 6-month survival of participants considered for therapy.



Consecutive people referred for advanced HF therapy completed the Patient Activation Measure and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We analyzed data from participants by age (≥65 vs. <65 years), stratified by approval for therapy.



Among 168 referred, 109 were approved, with no difference in activation between age groups (88% highly activated). Similarly, activation was not associated with age among those not approved. Activation was related to anxiety in older, approved participants, but not to depression.



Concerns regarding reduced self-management in the elderly may not be valid. Age alone should not disqualify a candidate for advanced HF therapy.
Woman, Native, Other

Trinh T. Minh-ha is a writer, film-maker and composer. She emigrated from Vietnam to the United States in 1970 after a year at the University of Saigon, and continued her studies of music and composition, French literature and ethnomusicology in the US and later in Paris. She taught music for three years at the National Conservatory of Music in Dakar, Senegal. She is currently Associate Professor of Cinema at San Francisco State University. Her vast body of work includes the books Un Art sans oeuvre (1981), En Miniscules (poems, 1987) African Spaces: Designs for Living in Upper Volta (1985) in collaboration with Jean-Paul Bourdier, and the films Reassemblage (1982), Naked Spaces, Living is Round (1985) and Surname Viet Given Name Nam (1989). An essay by her entitled 'Difference: "A special Third World women issue"' was published in Feminist Review No. 25, 1987. Her most recent publication is Woman, Native, Other: Writing, Postcoloniality and Feminism (1989). Pratibha Parmar spoke to her in Berkeley, California, about 'cultural hybridization and decentred realities, fragmented selves and multiple identities, marginal voices and languages of rupture' all of which are issues raised in the book and in Minh-ha's films.
Algorithms for computing and integrating physical maps using unique probes

Current physical mapping projects based on STS-probes involve additional clues such as the fact that some probes are anchored to a known map and that others come from the ends of clones. Because of the disparate combinatorial contributions of these varied data items, it is difficult to design a "tailored" algorithm that incorporates them all. Moreover, it is inevitable that new experiments will provide new kinds of data, making obsolete any such algorithm. We show how to convert the physical mapping problem into a 0/1 linear programming (LP) problem. We further show how one can incorporate additional clues as additional constraints in the LP formulation. We give a simple relaxation of the 0/1 LP problem, which solves problems of the same scale as previously reported tailored algorithms, to equal or greater optimization levels. We also present a theorem proving that when the data is 100% accurate, then the relaxed and integer solutions coincide. The LP algorithm suffices to solve problems on the o...
Siblings of myocardial infarction patients are overlooked in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Patients with arterial hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia may benefit from medical therapy for primary prevention of myocardial infarction. Preventive therapy may be particularly effective in individuals with a positive family history for myocardial infarction since such subjects are at high risk for coronary events. The objective of this population-based study was to analyse the risk profile as well as the current utilization of preventive strategies in asymptomatic siblings of patients with myocardial infarction.



We studied siblings of 325 patients with premature myocardial infarction from the Augsburg MONICA myocardial infarction registry by standardized questionnaire, blood pressure recordings, and biochemical measurements. Out of 580 siblings, 510 were free of coronary heart disease symptoms. With multiple risk factors being present in most asymptomatic siblings, 29.4% of asymptomatic individuals had an estimated individual 10-year risk for a major cardiovascular event of > or = 20%, or when projected to the age of 60. According to the guidelines of the European Societies of Cardiology, Atherosclerosis, and Hypertension (ESC/EAS/ESH) from 1994 (1998 guidelines in parenthesis) dietary and lifestyle interventions were indicated for arterial hypertension in 48.1% (43.0%) and/or for hypercholesterolaemia in 17.3% (78.8%). Drug treatment was indicated for arterial hypertension in 27.9% (30.6%) and for hypercholesterolaemia in 13.6% (19.1%) of asymptomatic siblings. Of those individuals with the respective indication, actual drug treatment was given for arterial hypertension in 91.5% (83.3%) and for hypercholesterolaemia in 46.4% (33.0%). However, treatment targets were reached in only 31.0% (28.2%) with arterial hypertension and in 7.2% (5.2%) with hypercholesterolaemia, respectively.



Most asymptomatic individuals with positive fraternal family history have more than one modifiable risk factor. Interestingly, a large number of these individuals appears to be under medical surveillance as many receive some sort of drug treatment. However, this therapy did not meet the treatment goals in the majority of those with arterial hypertension and/or hypercholesterolaemia. Thus, although individuals with a positive fraternal history for myocardial infarction can be easily identified, implementation of sufficient preventive strategies continues to be poor in a Western European country.
Process algebra for hybrid systems

We propose a process algebra obtained by extending a combination of the process algebra with continuous relative timing from Baeten and Middelburg (Process Algebra with Timing, Springer, Berlin, 2002, Chapter 4), and the process algebra with propositional signals from Baeten and Bergstra ( (1977) 381-405). The proposed process algebra makes it possible to deal with the behaviour of hybrid systems, i.e. systems in which the instantaneous state transitions caused by performing actions are alternated with continuous state evolutions. This process algebra has, in addition to equational axioms, rules to derive equations with the help of real analysis.
The Political Dynamics of Higher Education Policy.

This paper presents a framework informed by spatial models of politics to explain the dynamics of political competition in higher education policy and, in particular, the observed instability in the relationship between political variables and policy outcomes. As an illustration, I explore competing hypotheses for the relationship between government ideology and higher education spending decisions as well as test them using California data from 1976 to 2006. The results show that the growing polarization of ideological preferences explains, in part, shifts in states’ policy priorities, leading to a gradual privatization of public higher education.
Gravitation, thermodynamics and quantum theory

During the past 30 years, research in general relativity has brought to light strong hints of a very deep and fundamental relationship between gravitation, thermodynamics and quantum theory. The most striking indication of such a relationship comes from black hole thermodynamics, where it appears that certain laws of black hole mechanics are, in fact, simply the ordinary laws of thermodynamics applied to a system containing a black hole. This paper will review the present status of black hole thermodynamics and will discuss some of the related unresolved issues concerning gravitation, thermodynamics and quantum theory.
A Pull-Based Approach for a VoD Service in P2P Networks

We study a new approach to provide an efficient VoD service to a large client population in P2P networks. Previous work has suggested to construct a multicast tree to distribute the video to clients. However, a multicast tree usually requires the central server to perform complex algorithms to add new clients to the tree. In this paper, we show how to simplify the algorithm performed by the server and, at the same time, achieve an efficient use of the system resources. For this purpose, we present a new pull-based approach, called PBA. The basic idea of PBA is quite simple. When a new client wishes to receive a video, the new client contacts first the server. If there is enough left over bandwidth along the path to the new client, the server transmits the video to the new client. Otherwise, the server provides to the new client a list of candidate servants chosen at random. These servants are clients that have received or are currently receiving the video. The new client then searches for an available servant to download the video from.
Thermal and Electrical Properties of PVD Ru(P) Film as Cu Diffusion Barrier

Thermal and electrical properties of physical vapor deposition (PVD) Ru(P) film deposited on porous ultra low-k (p-ULK) material as Cu diffusion barrier were studied. The phosphorous concentration can be tuned by adjusting Ar to PH"3 ratio of the sputtering gases. The leakage current depends on phosphorous concentration. Higher phosphorous content in Ru film has lower leakage current. No obvious phosphorous content dependence was observed when the amorphous Ru(P) film crystallized. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) graphs and energy dispersive spectrometer's (EDS) atomic depth profiles show that the Ru(P) film deposited on p-ULK can effectively block Cu diffusion when the sample is subjected to 800^oC 5min annealing. The phosphorous doped Ru film improves diffusion barrier properties and leakage current performance. The improved Ru(P) barrier capable of direct Cu plating could be a potential candidate for advanced metallization.
Mr. Keynes' theory of investment : Do forward looking expectations and weight really matter?

Keynes argued that profit expectations, and the degree of confidence or weight that managers place in their profit forecasts, determine investment. Previous attempts to test Keynes' theory have been plagued by the absence of any clear measure of entrepreneurs' expectations of future profits. The Conference Board collected managers' self-reported data on expectation of future profits. The Conference Board data also allowed the construction of a measure of the weight assigned by managers to their profit forecasts. With this data, it is concluded that in most industries, investment rises both when managers are more optimistic and when they exhibit greater confidence in their forecast.
Seamus Heaney : poet, critic, translator

Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction A.B.Crowder & J.D.Hall Seamus Heaney and the Modern Irish Elegy S.Regan Poems without Frontiers: Poetic Reception and Political Possibility in the Work of Seamus Heaney R.Rankin Russell "A Meaning Made of Trees": The Unwriting of a Symbol C.McKenna Reading Heaney Reading S.Burris Heaney and the Functions of Prose M.Baron The "Upward Waft": The Influence of Frost and Eliot on Heaney's Later Phase D.Ross The Way via Warsaw: Seamus Heaney and Post-War Polish Poets J.Jarniewicz The Cure at Troy : Sophocles or Heaney? P.Turner Putting a Bawn into Beowulf A.Finlay Remember Everything': Things Past in Station Island J.Brooker "The cure by poetry that cannot be coerced': Text, Canon and Context in Electric Light R.Moi Literary Allusions, Appropriations and Assimilations B.Hardy Index
The Geography of Crime

Do you ever know the book? Yeah, this is a very interesting book to read. As we told previously, reading is not kind of obligation activity to do when we have to obligate. Reading should be a habit, a good habit. By reading, you can open the new world and get the power from the world. Everything can be gained through the book. Well in brief, book is very powerful. As what we offer you right here, this the geography of crime is as one of reading book for you.
Recent Changes in Milk Marketing in the UK: The Farmers' Perspective

In 1994 Milk Marketing Boards in the UK were disbanded, their role as milk purchasers was taken by more than 100 licensed organisations. It is shown that this change resulted in an increase in the variation between producers' milk price. The majority of dairy farmers sold milk through the Milk Marketing Boards designated successor; a farmer owned co-operative called Milk Marque. In doing so they accepted a 1.5 ppl milk price penalty. It is shown farmers who adopted this strategy did so because of the perceived financial security of Milk Marque, goodwill and support for the principle of co-operative marketing and in an attempt to protect the milk price over the longer-term. The marketing environment changed once again in 2000 when Milk Marque was disbanded. Deductions drawn from the analyses of farmers' behaviour following the 1994 deregulation are used to inform consideration of possible developments in the marketing of milk in England and Wales.
Deformed Mesozoic volcanogenic Cu-Zn sulfide deposits in the Britannia District, British Columbia

The Britannia copper-zinc sulfide deposits, previously described as having formed from hydrothermal solutions emplaced into foliated host rocks, are reinterpreted as volcanogenic in origin and to have been deposited from hydrothermal and exhalative solutions related to contemporaneous dacitic volcanism and then deformed during later shearing and faulting. Massive sulfide deposits occur near the upper contact of coarse dacitic tuff. Anhydrite, barite, and chert form related exhalative deposits.Several periods of inhomogeneous strain produced a broad zone of S-tectonites, the Britannia shear zone, which contains all of the known orebodies; metamorphic assemblages are those of the lower greenschist facies of regional metamorphism. Sulfide textures are similar to metamorphic and deformational textures described in the literature. During ore formation and later shearing, the rocks were chemically altered with increases in K 2 O, SiO 2 , and H 2 O and decreases in CaO and total Fe. Following major metamorphism, dacite dikes were intruded into the sheared rocks and were controlled by foliation; sulfides were remobilized into late quartz veins during emplacement of the dacite dikes. A major system of late faults developed subparallel to the foliation.A predeformation reconstruction suggests that the orebodies are segments of two original massive sulfide deposits; this requires a near-vertical displacement along one fault zone followed by subhorizontal offset with a cumulative right-lateral displacement of several thousand feet.
On the Road to the New Beginning: History and Utopia in Frank Beyer’s Karbid und Sauerampfer (Carbide and Sorrel)

Today, the film Carbide and Sorrel, by the eminent and recently deceased DEFA director Frank Beyer, is a valuable retrospective look at the construction of the new Germany. Through the story of a worker tossed by his workmates onto the country’s roads in search of carbide in the summer of 1945, this 1963 comedy, made two years after the construction of the Berlin Wall, is a portrait of German society in the grip of the future protagonists of the Cold War. The protagonist’s comic peregrinations between the American and Soviet occupiers are an oblique depiction, reinforced by popular songs of the day, of a utopian existence beyond the dominant political powers.
Positive‐sum economics an evolutionary, non‐equilibrium approach

An interdisciplinary economic theory is sketched, starting from the hypothesis that the economy is an open system far from equilibrium. Existing economic theories picture the economy as an isolated system in which productivity advance is a miraculous manna from heaven. In an open system economy productivity is increased by new knowledge and energy coming in from the outside, resulting in a positive‐sum game, so that it is in the self‐interest of participants to cooperate. Positive‐Sum Economics is an evolutionary economic theory which indicates a cooperative and ecological way to economic growth.
Starchitects and Jack-Hammers: Requirements engineering challenges and practices in the construction industry (keynote)

Our built environment is a marvel of engineering. It is the continuously evolving product of collaboration between civil engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, architects, owners, governments, voters, contractors and more. Many of the requirements-related challenges that are commonly encountered in the engineering of software systems have been around for centuries in the construction industry. This keynote seeks to describe those requirements engineering problems that are intrinsic to the development of complex twenty-first century buildings and to explain the practices that have evolved to address them. It will highlight those requirements-related challenges that the construction industry is still grappling with and some new challenges that are emerging. The keynote will be illustrated with examples of complex building projects from Arup. The objective is to explore the potential synergies and the possible transfer of practical ideas between some of the oldest engineering disciplines and one of the youngest.
Pope and Prior Park: A study in landscape and literature

Prior Park is an important and early example of a surviving, small-scale, eighteenth-century landscape, the seat at Bath of Ralph Allen (1693-1764), owner of the stone quarries from which Bath was built. It reflects the hand of Alexander Pope (1688-1744), and later Sanderson Miller (1716-1780) and Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown (1716-1783). This paper exarnines Alexander Pope's involvement at Prior Park, and in doing so reassesses the garden as of national importance. Completed around 1742, approximately one year before Pope's death, it was the last garden that he was involved with, and it is here that he put into practice his theories on gardening from 1713, the summation of his experience. The thesis is that Prior Park, whilst containing emblematic and iconographic meaning, expresses at the same time a Romantic character that was not fulfJled to such an extent elsewhere by this date and as a consequence it is also argued that Pope's theories, as expressed at his own garden at Twickenh...
Impact of chronic pain on health care seeking, self care, and medication. Results from a population-based Swedish study.

To explore individual and social factors that could predict health care utilisation and medication among people with chronic pain in an unselected population.



A mailed survey with questions about pain and mental symptoms, disability, self care action, visits to health care providers, and medication.



General populations in two Swedish primary health care (PHC) districts. Medical care was given in a state health system.



A random sample (from the population register) of 15% of the population aged 25-74 (n = 1806).



Among people reporting chronic pain 45.7% (compared with 29.8 of non-chronic pain persons, p < 0.05) consulted a physician and 7.2% (compared with 1.2%, p < 0.05) a physiotherapist during three months. Primary health care was the most frequent care provider. High pain intensity, aging, depression, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level had the greatest impact on physician consultations. Alternative care, used by 5.9%, was associated with high pain intensity and self care. Use of self care was influenced by high pain intensity, regular physical activity, and ethnicity. Alternative care and self care did not imply lower use of conventional health care. Women reporting chronic pain consumed more analgesics and sedatives than corresponding men. Besides female gender, high pain intensity, insomnia, physician consultation, social network, and self care action helped to explain medication with analgesics. Use of herbal remedies and ointments correlated to self care action, visit to an alternative therapist, high pain intensity, and socioeconomic level.



The presence of chronic pain has an impressive impact on primary health care and medication. Various therapeutic actions are common and are partly overlapping. The use of health care among people with chronic pain depends above all on pain perception and intensity of pain but is also affected by ethnicity, age, socioeconomic level, and depressive symptoms. Among people with chronic pain use of analgesics is common in contrast with other types of pain relief (acupuncture, physiotherapy) suitable for treating chronic pain symptoms.
Business and Financial Services: New Engine of Economic Growth

Does unbalanced sectoral productivity growth inevitably lead to continuous shift of resources to the less productive sectors and stagnation in aggregate productivity? This paper attempts to integrate the traditional stagnationist and the modern optimist arguments within a numerical simulation framework. The simulation framework consists of an applied general equilibrium multi-sectoral growth model for a small open regional economy that incorporates unbalanced sectoral growth and the growing role of business and financial services as intermediate service providers. The simulation results lend support to the stagnationist view in the long run but reveal some unconventional comparative-static properties in the shortto medium run.
Spenser, Chaucer, and the Renaissance Squire’s Tale

This essay develops existing scholarship about Spenser’s reconstruction of Chaucer’s Squire’s Tale in Book IV of The Faerie Queene. I suggest, first, a new reason why Renaissance literary historians should study Spenser’s imitation of Chaucer in conjunction with the printed editions that transmitted his poetry to a Tudor audience: they present a prologue for The Squire’s Tale that differs radically from modern texts. The prologue, never before discussed in a Spenserian context, identifies the Squire as a paradoxical combination of deference and assertiveness, framing his tale as the product of an active, metafictional revision; Spenser adapts this posture and poetics as his own. I propose, second, a new reason why Spenserians might consider The Squire’s Tale alongside Anelida and Arcite and The Knight’s Tale: the poems collectively articulate a pattern of Chaucerian self-revision that Spenser appropriates to claim his place in a variously national and international tradition. Mediated by his Renaissance e...
Review of "Computer selection by Joslin, Edward O." Technology Press, Fairfax Station, Va., 1977, 216 pp.

The author has packaged a wealth of otherwise hard to come by information on computer selection in the book's 216 pages. As pointed out in the Foreword, the original work published in 1968 [Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.; see CR 10, 3 (March 1969), Rev. 16,340], a classic, with the basic ideas of Part I still valid after almost a decade of rapid change. In fact, in today's environment, where more and more is being demanded from computer systems, having the major selection criteria readily at hand is a major contribution and, indeed, a necessary foundation for fielding an efficient and effective computer system.