nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal boson energy for superconductivity in the Holstein model

We examine the superconducting solution in the Holstein model, where the conduction electrons couple to the dispersionless Boson fields, using the Migdal-Eliashberg theory and Dynamical Mean Field Theory. Although different in numerical values, both methods imply the existence of an optimal Boson energy for superconductivity at a given electron-Boson coupling. This non-monotonous behavior can be understood as an interplay between the polaron and superconducting physics, as the electron-Boson coupling is the origin of the superconductor, but at the same time traps the conduction electrons making the system more insulating. Our calculation provides a simple explanation on the recent experiment on sulfur hydride (H$_2$S), where an optimal pressure for the superconductivity was observed. The validities of both methods are discussed.
Nominal logic, a first order theory of names and binding

This paper formalises within first-order logic some common practices in computer science to do with representing and reasoning about syntactical structures involving lexically scoped binding constructs. It introduces Nominal Logic, a version of first-order many-sorted logic with equality containing primitives for renaming via name-swapping, for freshness of names, and for name-binding. Its axioms express properties of these constructs satisfied by the FM-sets model of syntax involving binding, which was recently introduced by the author and M.J. Gabbay and makes use of the Fraenkel-Mostowski permutation model of set theory. Nominal Logic serves as a vehicle for making two general points. First, name-swapping has much nicer logical properties than more general, non-bijective forms of renaming while at the same time providing a sufficient foundation for a theory of structural induction/recursion for syntax modulo α-equivalence. Secondly, it is useful for the practice of operational semantics to make explicit the equivariance property of assertions about syntax - namely that their validity is invariant under name-swapping.
Making Every Student a Winner: The WinWin Approach in Software Engineering Education

In this paper we show how Theory-W and the WinWin requirements negotiation approach have influenced software engineering education in a number of institutions worldwide. After a short summary of Theory-W and the WinWin negotiation model, processes, and tools the paper discusses how students can benefit from WinWin in their software engineering education. We explore different options for teaching the approach and present concrete examples and experiences from different universities.
Ridge collision and in situ greenstones in accretionary complexes: An example from the Late Cretaceous Ryukyu Islands and southwest Japan margin

Melange units containing greenstones are common throughout the Cretaceous-Miocene Shimanto Supergroup in the Ryukyu Is and southwest Japan. Most greenstones in the accretionary complex originated in oceanic spreading ridges and seamounts, and they formed far from the convergent margin. Some melange-like units in the supergroup, however, contain greenstones that were extruded upon and intruded into unconsolidated fine-grained terrigenous clastic sediments. It is inferred that eruption of the in situ greenstones resulted from igneous activity in the trench area. Geochemical signatures indicate that the greenstone protoliths were similar to mafic lavas generated at spreading ridges. Fossil ages of the strata containing in situ greenstones become younger over a distance of 1300 km eastward from Amami-Oshima (Cenomanian-Turonian) in the Ryukyu Is to central Japan (Late Maestrichtian-earliest Paleocene), implying that a site of igneous activity in the trench area migrated eastward along the Ryukyu Is and southwest Japan margin. Plate reconstructions of the northwest Pacific Ocean suggest the presence of the Kula-Pacific ridge near Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene Japan. In this context, it is suggested that the greenstones formed in response to Kula-Pacific ridge-forearc collision. 
 
Ancient ridge-forearc collisions are best recognized by the presence of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) extruded on sediments inferred to have accumulated in the trench area. Diachronous occurrences of the strata associated with these MORB in an orogenic belt are useful for documenting the ridge collision through time.
On Leaf Permutative Theories and Occurrence Permutation Groups

Leaf permutative theories contain variable-permuting equations, so that rewriting a term may lead to an exponential number of terms which are only permutations of it. In  Avenhaus and Plaisted propose to represent such sets by stratified terms, and to deduce directly with these. Our aim is to use computational group theory to analyse the complexity of the corresponding problems, and hopefully devise better algorithms than . In order to express stratified sets as orbits, we adopt a representation of terms based on occurrences , which can conveniently be permuted. An algorithm solving a basic equivalence problem is presented.
Leadership as Emotional Labour:the effortful accomplishment of valuing practices

Within the context of an ethnographic study of leadership in the learning and skills sector, this article focuses on the role of leadership in making stafffeel valued (Iszatt-White & Mackenzie-Davey, 2003) and the‘emotional labour’ (Hochschild, 1983) through which leaders’ valuing practices are accomplished. By shadowing college leaders, observation was made of the day-to-day practices through which they sought to give staff a feeling of being valued. The article provides evidence of such‘valuing practices’ before going on to explicate the notion of emotional labour— previously researched largely in the services sector— in the professional context of educational leadership. In doing so, it differentiates professional emotional labour from‘emotional intelligence’ (Goleman, 1995), a more common theme within the management literature. It also explores the role of social identity and value congruence in moderating the‘emotional dissonance’(Ashforth & Humphrey, 1993) which can result from a requirement for prolonged emotion work.
The Birds of Michigan

th , Science Duration: One class period to build birdhouses, one day field trip to Belle Isle Nature Center  After making birdhouses, students will visit Belle Isle Nature Center to observe and hang houses in wooded area around the site. This trip will help prepare the students for our overnight camping trip. They will be able to listen and recognize bird sounds and attributes.  What are some ways other than migration that birds meet the challenges of winter?  How do feathers heal birds? Activities Focus on Feathers Give each child a feather or two to examine. If possible, include flight, contour, and down feathers. a) As the children describe the parts of a feather, the leader draws them on the blackboard to illustrate a typical feather. Make sure to note the hollow shaft. What differences do the children notice between their feathers? What functions do feathers perform? b) Have the children gently pull apart the web of the feather. Use a hand lens to see the tiny barbules that project from the barbs. What function might these serve? Have the children try to zip feathers together by pinching and drawing their fingers along the separated barbs from the shaft to the outer edge. Discuss how birds oil and groom themselves. Mix and Match Give each pair of children a picture of a bird. Ask them to look at the shape of the bird's beak, feet, legs, and with a partner talk about how the bird might use these to obtain food and eat it. Spread out the pictures of possible bird foods. Ask the children to place their bird picture next to an appropriate food. More than one bird may eat the same
Theorizing Efficient Markets: A Sociology of Financial Ideas

In this paper, I use the case of financial economics to show how an innovative idea can shape a research agenda. I focus on why the efficient-market hypothesis, crystallized in Eugene Fama’s research, acquired core theoretical status in the discipline of financial economics, whereas the Capital Asset Pricing Model, championed by, among others, Fischer Black, did not. I draw attention both to differences in the networks propagating these models, in particular differences in cohesion and coherence, and to differences in the methodologies underlying the models. I argue that Fama’s use of “data-dredging” techniques and frequentist statistics increased the coherence of the intellectual circle around him, turning the analysis of efficiency into a collective project oriented towards the discovery of objective properties. By contrast, Black’s adoption of more subjectivist methods exacerbated the individualistic tendencies of his approach and his network, increasing the incoherence of his research group.
Public Housing and the Rescaling of Regulation in the USA

The simultaneous upward and downward rescaling of regulation has dramatically altered welfare provisioning systems in very different national contexts during the past thirty years. Frequently lost in the literature on rescaling, though, is the notion that localities have not been 'given' power in the same way that international institutions have. Though local institutional variation accounts for more difference in welfare provision than before, there are clear policy boundaries that are policed by market regulators of various sorts. This paper explores the impact of rescaling on public housing provision in the United States to illustrate better this point. I demonstrate that basic demographic, housing stock, and federal funding differences are now less important determinants of uneven public housing production than was the case during the Keynesian era, and that local institutional differences are now playing a greater role in the production and management of public housing. With such institutional differences unleashed, enormous variation in the quantity, quality, and management of public housing is now emerging.
Plate Tectonics: Geodynamic models of evolution of oil and gas bearing basins of Kazakhstan

Five types of sedimentary basins in Kazakhstan have been recognized by using plate tectonics to reinterpret geological and geophysical data: (1) intracontinental, central pre-Caspian, above rift, south pre-Caspian; (2) passive margin, east pre-Caspian; (3) back-arc, Turgan and Sir-Daria; (4) intra-arc, north Kisil-Koum, interior, Tengis and Chu-Sarisiu; and (5) marginal, north Usturt. Paleozoic history of these basins was connected with the spreading and collision of two lithospheric plates: east European and Kazakhstanian, which were separated by the paleo-Ural Ocean. Different tectonic positions of sedimentary basins were the reason for their different oil and gas potential.
An Integration of Real-Time Object-Z and CSP for Specifying Concurrent Real-Time Systems

Real-Time Object-Z is an integration of the object-oriented formal specification language Object-Z with a timed trace notation suitable for modelling timing constraints and continuous variables. This extends the applicability of Object-Z to real-time and embedded systems. In this paper, we enhance the ability of Real-Time Object-Z to specify concurrent real-time and embedded systems by semantically integrating it with the process algebra CSP. The approach builds on the existing work on the integration of (standard) Object-Z and CSP.
Standard Setting Organizations and Standard Essential Patents: Voting Power versus Market Power

The key nding is that Standard Setting Organizations (SSOs) choose e¢ cient technology standards because voting power and market power have counterbalancing e¤ects. Agents on the long side of the market have less added value in the marketplace but more voting power in cooperative organizations and conversely for the short side of the market. In a two-stage model, industry members choose technology standards by voting and then compete in the marketplace. When there is disagreement among industry groups, without Standard Essential Patents (SEPs), SSO members vote for the e¢ cient standard unanimously. In an equilibrium with SEPs, inventors and technology adopters choose e¢ cient standards, although voting may not be unanimous. With disagreements within industry groups, SSO members choose e¢ cient standards Elinor Hobbs Distinguished Professor of International Business, and Professor of Strategy, Strategy Department, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, 2001 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208.  jems@kellogg.northwestern.edu. This paper is a substantially revised version of an earlier working paper with a similar title. I gratefully acknowledge research support from Qualcomm and the Kellogg School of Management. I thank Justus Baron, Jorge Contreras, and Manfred Holler for helpful comments.
Exploring CO2-Philicity: Effects of Stepwise Fluorination

It is well-known that, in general, fluorocarbons are highly soluble in liquid and supercritical CO2 and fluorine substitution has been widely utilized as a method to make otherwise insoluble organic compounds more CO2-philic. In this work, we investigate the CO2-philicity of fluorinated compounds with varying numbers of fluorine atoms in the system by using simple quantum chemical calculations. We explore the fundamental nature of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon interactions with CO2 by examining the effects of stepwise fluorination on methane using correlated ab initio calculations. The results suggest an optimum density of fluorine atoms that can be viewed as a maximum CO2-philicity. As a charge-separated molecule, CO2 is observed to act as a weak Lewis acid as well as a weak Lewis base in intermolecular interactions. In this work, we present evidence that CO2−fluorocarbon and CO2−hydrocarbon interactions are fundamentally different, although energetically comparable. Fluorocarbons interact through the car...
Interpolation of n pairs and counterexamples employing indices

The purpose of this paper is to make two modest contributions to the theory of interpolation of operators on function spaces. The first deals with the modification of interpolation theorems to handle interpolation of n pairs. This work was partially begun in [S, 91 where strong type interpolation theorems were obtained using techniques easily altered to fit the n pair situation. Section 2 presents a weak type theory of interpolation of tz pairs of spaces using the Calderdn operator S’, . In order to show that S, is a “maximal” weak type operator, the proof in  for n = 2 is simplified and extended. Section 3 deals with counterexamples to interpolation theorems which make use of indices derived from the fundamental functions of the spaces in the interpolation scheme. We show that interpolation theorems of Semenov [5] and Zippin [II] are incorrect by using a space furnished by Shimogaki [lo]. Under a suitable hypothesis a weak type theorem involving the fundamental indices does hold, but follows from a well-known result of Boyd [I] without employing the main ideas set forth in  and .
Formal Theories of Language Acquisition: Practical and Theoretical Perspectives

Learning Theory is the study of systems that implement functions from evidential states to theories. The theoretical framework developed in the theory makes possible the comparison of classes of algorithms which embody distinct learning strategies along a variety of dimensions. Such comparisons yield valuable information to those concerned with inference problems in Cognitive Science and artificial Intelligence. The present paper employs the framework of Learning Theory to study the design specifications of inductive systems which are of interest in the domain of language acquisition.
Values and norms in sport. Critical reflections on the position and meanings of sport in society

The central research question in this study is how values and norms manifest themselves in sport and what societal meanings they have. Contributions from several researchers in the field of sport provide a systematic treatment of values and norms in sport from a number of diverse perspectives. Hence, in the chapters of the book the central question is divided into different sub-questions. For example, how can the notion of value be considered in the context of sport? How should sports organizations deal with differences in motivation and expectations among different groups of sports participants? How do sports clubs react to changes in societal values and norms? What qualities and norms for quality do sports clubs have and which participants are attracted by these qualities? What norms and values should clubs and sports uphold to attract and keep youth members? What norms and values are reflected in the sports media's representation of gender and race/ethnicity? Which values and norms are sports policies based on and which social influences can be observed?
Nonprofit Performance: Accounting for the Agency of Clients

Performance is a key concern for nonprofits providing human services. Yet our understanding of what drives performance remains incomplete. Existing outcome measurement systems track the programmatic activities staff complete and the extent to which participants respond in programmatically intended ways. However, clients do not just receive services and respond as intended and staff do not simply complete program activities. Drawing on a data set of 47 interviews with frontline staff in eight human service nonprofits, we show how frontline staff work in a partnership with clients to set an agenda for change and achieve desired results. We call this co-determination work and argue that it represents a critical and often neglected dimension of nonprofit performance.
“Enslaved sovereign”: Aesthetics of power in Foucault, Velázquez and Ovid

Foucault's essay on Las Meninas has created spaces for diverse analyses of Velazquez's painting and of Foucault's reading of its intimations. My purpose in this paper is to argue for an interpretation of both painting and essay that is shaped by an exploration of aesthetics of power rather than by perspectival considerations. To further delineate Velazquez's interest in the inherently antagonistic relation between artistic expression and institutional power, I extend my inquiry to his Fable of Arachne, a painting that could have served Foucault's aesthetic and epistemological purposes well, and to a text from Ovid's Metamorphoses, in which this painting is firmly rooted.
Nuclear medicine training and practice in Turkey

Nuclear medicine applications in Turkey started in the early 1950s, grew as an independent medical discipline and finally were recognized by the Ministry of Health in 1973. Later on, the professional organization of nuclear medicine physicians and other related professionals including radiopharmacists and technologists under the Turkish Society of Nuclear Medicine were established in 1975. Recently after completing more than a half century in Turkey, nuclear medicine has proved to be a strong and evolving medical field with more than 600 physicians serving for the changing needs of clinical practice throughout these years. This article describes past and present facts in this field and attempts to provide insights into the future which hopefully will be brighter than before.
Being like God : how American elites abuse politics and power

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Man As Tyrant Chapter 3 What is Power? Chapter 4 The American Experience: Democracy in Equality and Unity and Balance of Power Chapter 5 The Authoritarian Temptation I: The Patriotic Elite and McCarthy Chapter 6 The Authoritarian Temptation II: The Egalitarian Elite and Clinton Chapter 7 Rationalism or Psychologism: The Intellectual Struggle Over Knowledge and Knowing Chapter 8  The Coming Demise of the Liberal Elite Chapter 9  A Thought Experiment Chapter 10  Excerpts from the Speech of Margaret Chase Smith before the United States Senate, June 1, 1950 Chapter 11 Notes Chapter 12 Bibliography Chapter 13 Index
FOR THE LOVE OF LOST SOVEREIGNTY: EGYPT AND POSTCOLONIAL THOUGHT DISARMING WORDS: EMPIRE AND THE SEDUCTIONS OF TRANSLATION IN EGYPT

Shaden Tageldin’s fascinating book from 2011 makes use of styles of analysis drawn from literary critics and theorists associated with postcolonial thought—Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha—but foregrounds an implicit comparison between India and Egypt, stressing the profound distinctiveness of the Egyptian example. Rather than the predominant emphasis on difference between Briton and Indian in the South Asian context, this colonial encounter begins with Napoleon proclaiming in a French document (ambiguously translated into Arabic), “nous sommes amis des vrais musulmans”: either “we are friends of the true Muslims” or, more interestingly, “we are friends, true Muslims” (33). These become the “disarming words” invoked by the title of this work, words meant to preempt and preclude a Hegelian fight to the death; in this colonial romance, the colonized is “seduced” into loving a better version of himself, which he sees in the colonizer. She argues that the colonized male (this text pays close attention to sexual identification throughout) sees an improved, more rigorous—if more effete—version of his own culture, indeed of himself, in the colonizer. One gets the sense that Tageldin must have been struck as she worked through her Arabic material with the almost comic contrasts with South Asian exemplars: instead of an effeminate Bengali produced in English prose as a differend to British colonial masculinity, in the Arabic texts she cites from Hasan al-Attar (who for a time was rector
Greetings from General Co-Chairs

On behalf of the IEEE-ISAS2011 Committee, it is our great pleasure to welcome you to Yokohama City for the 1st International Symposium on Access Spaces (IEEE-ISAS2011), which is technically co-sponsored by IEEE Industrial Electronics Society and Keio University Global COE Program C-12 “High-Level Global Cooperation for Leading-Edge Platform on Access Spaces”.
Beyond Seattle: Globalization and Public Opinion

The Open Economy and Its Enemies: Public Attitudes in East Asia and Eastern Europe. By Jane Duckett, William L. Miller Cambridge:  284 pp., $85.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-521-86406-0), $34.99 paper (ISBN: 0-521-68255-8).

Globalization—in its various forms—remains a much studied topic in international and comparative political economy. However, despite the likelihood of wide ranging effects brought about by the integration of goods, peoples, and ideas, scholarly attention has been limited, surprisingly, to but a few of globalization's potential consequences. Most attention has been given to questions of whether greater market integration matters for domestic policy outcomes, with “outcomes” defined in terms of public spending and the health of the national economy. Far fewer studies consider the influence of openness on the health of representative democracy. Moreover, those extant studies that examine the economic impact of globalization focus primarily on developed welfare states—that is, on those economies that are best equipped to cushion the volatile effects of opening up (see, for example, Scheve and Slaughter 2001). Very little is known about what is arguably a far more critical question: the degree of public support for globalization in lower- and middle-income democracies.

In this regard, Jane Duckett and William Miller's The Open Economy and Its Enemies fills a large hole in the globalization literature. Based on an exhaustive data collection effort aimed at assessing mass and elite attitudes in two “newer democracies” (the Czech Republic and South Korea) and two “semi-democracies” (Ukraine and Vietnam), the book easily offers the most comprehensive account to date of attitudes toward the world capitalist economy in lesser-developed countries. To sift through the many issues surrounding attitudes toward economic and cultural openness, Duckett and Miller conducted a series of focus group studies (involving 130 participants in all) and representative surveys of mass publics and public officials (totaling over ten thousand interviews) in these four countries during 2002 and 2003.

The utility of Duckett and Miller's approach …