nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Economic Impact of Ambulatory Care Clinical Pharmacists in Management of Dyslipidemia in Older Adults: The IMPROVE Study

We examined the impact of ambulatory care clinical pharmacist interventions on clinical and economic outcomes of 208 patients with dyslipidemia and 229 controls treated at nine Veterans Affairs medical centers. This was a randomized, controlled trial involving patients at high risk of drug-related problems. Only those with dyslipidemia are reported here. In addition to usual medical care, clinical pharmacists were responsible for providing pharmaceutical care for patients in the intervention group. The control group did not receive pharmaceutical care. Seventy-two percent of the intervention group and 70% of controls required secondary prevention according to the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. Significantly more patients in the intervention group had a fasting lipid profile compared with controls (p=0.021). The absolute change in total cholesterol (17.7 vs 7.4 mg/dl, p=0.028) and low-density lipoprotein (23.4 vs 12.8 mg/dl, p=0.042) was greater in the intervention than in the control group. There were no differences in patients achieving goal lipid values or in overall costs despite increased visits to pharmacists. Ambulatory care clinical pharmacists can significantly improve dyslipidemia in a practice setting designed to manage many medical and drug-related problems.
The CAMAQ project: a virtual immersion in aerospace industry practices

Initiated under the impulse of the Centre for Aerospace Manpower Activities in Quebec (CAMAQ), the CAMAQ project represents a unique Conceive - Design - Implement - Operate (CDIO) learning experience for the training of aerospace engineers. Each year since 1999, some 15 students work on the redesign of an aircraft pylon to allow the retrofit a new engine to the existing fuselage. In order to accomplish their task, they dispose of a dedicated workspace located at Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, Canada, which offers a teaching laboratory, meeting rooms, and access to digital mock-up and product lifecycle management technologies. The three industrial partners supervising the project - Bell Helicopter Textron Canada, Bombardier Aerospace, and Pratt & Whitney Canada - provide the team with a complete heritage design information package, which includes technical standards, existing CAD parts and assemblies, and certification regulations. Overall, the authors outline in the article how the CAMAQ project successfully trains innovative systems integrators to utilise standard engineering and manufacturing practices typically deployed in the aerospace industry.
Natural deduction via graphs: formal definition and computation rules

In this paper, we introduce the formalism of deduction graphs as a generalisation of both Gentzen–Prawitz style natural deduction and Fitch style flag deduction. The advantage of this formalism is that, as with flag deductions (but not natural deduction), subproofs can be shared, but the linearisation used in flag deductions is avoided. Our deduction graphs have both nodes and boxes, which are collections of nodes that also form a node themselves. This is reminiscent of the bigraphs of Milner, where the link graph describes the nodes and edges and the place graph describes the nesting of nodes. We give a precise definition of deduction graphs, together with some illustrative examples. Furthermore, we analyse their computational behaviour by studying the process of cut-elimination and by defining translations from deduction graphs to simply typed lambda terms. From a slight variation of this translation, we conclude that the process of cut-elimination is strongly normalising. The translation to simple type theory removes quite a lot of structure, so we also propose a translation to a context calculus with lets that faithfully captures the structure of deduction graphs. The proof nets of linear logic also offer a graph-like presentation of natural deduction, and we point out some similarities between the two formalisms.
The Origins of Angiosperms and Their Biological Consequences

List of contributors Preface 1. Introduction to angiosperms E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner and P. R. Crane 2. The origin of angiosperms J. A. Doyle and M. J. Donoghue 3. Global palaeogeography and palaeoclimate of the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary Judith Totman Parrish 4. Mid-Cretaceous to Early Tertiary vegetation and climate: evidence from fossil leaves and woods G. R. Upchurch, Jr and J. A. Wolfe 5. Vegetational consequences of angiosperm diversification P. R. Crane 6. Time of appearance of floral features E. M. Friis and W. L. Crepet 7. The evolution of insect pollination in angiosperms W. L. Crepet and E. M. Friis 8. Interactions of angiosperms and herbivorous tetrapods through time S. L. Wing and B. H. Tiffney 9. Dinosaurs and land plants M. J. Coe, D. L. Dilcher,  Vegetational and mammalian faunal changes in the Early Tertiary of southern England M. E. Collinson and J. J. Hooker Classification of plants and animals Stratigraphic table Glossary Index.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution in sharks and fishes

DNA sequences from the recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1) are being used in a growing number of studies of the phylogenetic relationships of different vertebrate lineages. I have assembled a diverse set of RAG1 sequences from four vertebrate clades and analyzed their evolutionary characteristics to better understand the phylogenetic value of this gene and to delineate regions of the protein that may be functionally important. This analysis showed that RAG1 sequences are subject to variable evolutionary constraints between different sites on the molecule and between different lineages. As a result, substitution characteristics and the rate of evolution of the DNA and amino acid sequences are heterogeneous between and within the vertebrate clades considered here. This heterogeneity must be given consideration when devising phylogenetic analyses based on RAG1 sequences. The comparative sequence analysis highlighted two highly conserved regions with no known functions. The first of these is located in the N-terminal end of the molecule and is restricted to bony vertebrates. The second is conserved in all known sequences and contains three pairs of closely spaced cysteine residues. In addition, the fish sequences examined show some unique features not observed in other vertebrates. The regions delineated by sequence comparison should help guide studies of RAG 1 function, which is critical in the development of the adaptive immune system through its mediation of the mechanism of antigen receptor loci rearrangement known as V(D)J recombination.
A traveler-centered intro to kinematics

Treating time as a local variable permits robust approaches to kinematics that forego questions of extended-simultaneity, which because of their abstract nature might not be addressed explicitly until a first relativity course and even then without considering the dependence of clock-rates on position in a gravitational field. For example we here use synchrony-free ``traveler kinematic" relations to construct a brief story for beginning students about: (a) time as a local quantity like position that depends on ``which clock", (b) coordinate-acceleration as an approximation to the acceleration felt by a moving traveler, and (c) the geometric origin (hence mass-independence) of gravitational acceleration. The goal is to explicitly rule out global-time for all from the start, so that it can be returned as a local approximation, while tantalizing students interested in the subject with more widely-applicable equations in range of their math background.
A clinical trial of hyperalimentation in children with metastatic malignancies.

In a controlled, randomized prospective clinical trial the utility of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) in the administration of and tolerance to chemotherapy was tested. The conclusions reached were 1) IVH is safe with a tolerable infection rate; 2) infectious complications correlate significantly with the nutritional status of the patient, with the presence of IVH being only a secondary factor; 3) IVH may be used to rehabilitate patients nutritionally, even those on intensive chemotherapy; 4) the ability to deliver chemotherapy to patients seems to be improved by IVH, especially in malnourished patients in a late stage of disease.
Which quality of life score is best for glaucoma patients and why?

BackgroundThe glaucomas are generally asymptomatic diseases until they are very advanced. They affect 2% of the population over 40 years of age and therefore represent a significant public health issue. There have been a number of attempts to develop quality of life scales for the disease. This review discusses the pros and cons of these scales and suggests the best of the current ones for use in a clinical setting.MethodsMedline, Embase and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles. No time period was defined and all types of article were included.Results11 Quality of Life scores were identified that have been used with glaucoma patients.ConclusionThere is no generally accepted 'best' Quality of Life instrument for use in glaucoma. Many of the scales are biased towards physical symptoms and do little to address the personal or social factors of the disease. Further work is needed to produce scales that address all these areas as well as being simple to administer in a clinical setting.
Esophageal replacement for end-stage benign esophageal disease.

Benign esophageal diseases constitute a common group of disorders that are generally managed with medical therapy or surgery designed to improve foregut function. A small subset of patients, however, has advanced disease that requires esophageal replacement to achieve symptomatic relief.



One hundred four patients with benign esophageal disease who underwent esophageal reconstruction over a 21-year period (1975 to 1996) were reviewed retrospectively. Dysphagia was the major symptom driving surgery in 80% of the patients. Colon was used to reconstruct the esophagus in 85 patients; stomach, in 10 patients; and jejunum, in 9 patients. Forty-two patients who had lived with their reconstruction for 1 year or more answered a postoperative questionnaire concerning their long-term functional outcome.



In the 104 patients, the primary underlying abnormality leading to esophageal replacement was end-stage gastroesophageal reflux (37 patients), an advanced motility disorder (37 patients), traumatic, iatrogenic or spontaneous perforation (15 patients), corrosive injury (8 patients), congenital abnormality (6 patients), or extensive leiomyoma (1 patient). Ninety-eight percent of patients reported that the operation had cured or improved the symptom driving surgery. Ninety-three percent were satisfied with the outcome of the operation. The overall hospital mortality rate was 2%, and the median hospital stay was 17 days. Graft necrosis occurred in 3% of patients, and anastomotic leak occurred in 6% of patients (or 2% of the total number of anastomoses).



Esophageal replacement for benign disease can be accomplished with a low mortality rate and a marked improvement in alimentation. Reconstruction restores the pleasure of eating and is viewed by the patient to be highly successful.
Hans van Manen: coreògraf del mirar

This article stems from the paper “Hans van Manen: a guide to his poetry”, prepared as part of the Master’s Degree in Theatre Studies taken at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Both texts share the goal of providing a presentation of the Dutch choreographer in Catalonia from a theoretical standpoint given that fact that his poetical contributions have barely been touched upon in the sphere of research beyond the Netherlands, despite his ballets being among the most popular around the globe for many decades. German critic Horst Koegler has defined van Manen’s style as ‘nuclear dance’ ever since the release of Adagio Hammerklavier in 1973. Under a veil of minimalism at all levels, the build up of potency in his ballets patently makes them worthy of being branded in such a manner. But what are the poetical keys to them? This article suggests two. Firstly, the acknowledgment of the human existence of the performers in living out the abstract form of dance, which is heightened, among other aspects, by the choreography of visions; and secondly, the notion of eroticism under various guises as the choreographer’s conceptual, aesthetic driving force and, accordingly, as a potential perspective from which to approach his work and his methods. Starting with a short contextualisation of Hans van Manen in the land of potential for dance that The Netherlands constituted during the fifties, and placing the figure on a poetical par with Georges Balanchine – his key point of reference – both aspects are presented as proposals for study to be addressed in greater depth in the future.
Thermodynamics of zinc binding to rhodanese.

The binding of zinc ion (Zn 2+ ) to rhodanese at two pH values was studied by microcalorimetry and the free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes determined. Binding exhibited rather large endothermic enthalpy changes quite similar to those observed for zinc-model compound interactions. The large positive entropy changes which accompany binding appear to be a feature common to Zn 2+ -apocarbonic anhydrase systems as well. The correlations between Zn 2+ interaction with model compounds resembling protein side chains and the thermodynamic values obtained for Zn 2+ -protein interactions suggest that endothermic enthalpies of binding should commonly be observed under slightly acidic to basic conditions. It is found that commercial rhodanese binds Zn 2+ with moderate to weak affinity by a process that is entropy driven much like that of other Zn 2+ -protein interactions.
The science wars : debating scientific knowledge and technology

Is science our most precious possession or has our culture elevated science into a false idol? Is technology a useful servant or a malign genie? These questions are at the centre of the 'science wars' currently being waged over the role and future of science and technology in our society. This balanced selection of a variety of perspectives on the hotly contested role of science and technology in contemporary society will clarify this vital debate for both specialists and non-specialists.
An Isabelle formalization of protocol-independent secrecy with an application to e-commerce

A protocol-independent secrecy theorem is established and applied to several non-trivial protocols. In particular, it is applied to protocols proposed for protecting the computation results of free-roaming mobile agents doing comparison shopping. All the results presented here have been formally proved in Isabelle by building on Larry Paulson's inductive approach. This therefore provides a library of general theorems that can be applied to other protocols.
A Model for the Design and Programming of Multi-cores

This paper describes a machine/programming model for the era of multi-core chips. It is derived from the sequential model but replaces sequential composition with concurrent composition at all levels in the program except at the level where the compiler is able to make deterministic decisions on scheduling instructions. These residual sequences of instructions are called microthreads and they are small code fragments that have blocking semantics. Dependencies that would normally be captured by sequential programming are captured in this model using dataflow synchronisation on variables in the contexts of these microthreads. The resulting model provides a foundation for significant advances in computer architecture as well as operating systems and compiler development. The paper takes a high-level perspective on the field of asynchronous distributed systems and comes to the conclusion that dynamic and concurrent models are the only viable solution but that these should not necessarily be visible to the users of the system.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Values in Innovation Management

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) viewpoint have challenged the traditional perception to understand corporations position. Productionand managerial-centred views are expanding towards reference group-centred policies. Consequently, the significance of new kind of knowledge has emerged. In addition to management of the organisation, the idea of CSR emphasises the importance to recognise the value-expectations of operational environment. It is know that management is often well-aware of corporate social responsibilities, but it is less clear how well these high level goals are understood in practical product design and development work. In this study, the apprehension above proved to be real to some degree. While management was very aware of CSR it was less familiar to designers. The outcome shows that it is essential to raise ethical values and issues higher in corporate communication, if it is wished that they materialize also in products. Corporate social responsibility, management, engineering, values.
Tax Evasion and Financial Development under Asymmetric Information in Credit Markets

Recent empirical studies have documented that the incidence of firms' tax evasion on their sales is negatively correlated with the country's level of financial development. Our analysis shows that this stylized fact can be theoretically accounted for within a small-open-economy model of optimal tax enforcement under asymmetric information in credit markets. In an economy with a more developed financial sector that exhibits smaller agency costs, we find that the government will raise its optimal probability of tax auditing, which in turn leads to more tax compliance. It follows that financial development and tax evasion are inversely related, as observed in the actual data.
UNGER'S CRITIQUE OF FORMALISM IN LEGAL REASONING: HERO, HERCULES, AND HUMDRUM

“Doctrine can exist—the formalist says or assumes—because of a contrast between the more determinate rationality of legal analysis and the less determinate rationality of ideological contests. 
 
 
 
This thesis can be restated as the belief that law making and law application differ fundamentally, as long as legislation is seen to be guided only by the looser rationality of ideological conflict… 
 
 
 
The modern lawyer may wish to keep his formalism while avoiding objectivist assumptions. He may feel happy to switch from talk about interest group politics in a legislative setting to invocations of impersonal purpose, policy, and principle in an adjudicative or professional one. He is plainly mistaken; formalism presupposes at least a qualified objectivism.”
The Impact Of Consolidation And Strategic Considerations In The Motorcoach Industry

Little has been written about the motorcoach industry, an industry that is largely comprised of small family-run businesses, and an industry that has witnessed a changed competitive environment during the late 1990’s and early 2000’s due to the impact of consolidation. In this paper, the author (an insider to the industry) discusses the motorcoach industry and the effect of consolidators. Using survey data drawn from163 motorcoach owner/operators from across the country in early 2002, the author discusses the rising insurance cost crisis as the major concern by many operators in the industry. The link between consolidation effects and insurance costs are examined. From this analysis, strategic considerations for motorcoach owner/operators to ensure future viability are provided.
Examining the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with psoriasis: a critical review.

Increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in psoriasis patients could be due to a greater prevalence of traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors or increased inflammatory disease burden.



To critically evaluate evidence on the etiology and magnitude of CV risk in psoriasis patients.



A total of 497 articles were identified for review through a PubMed search using the terms "CVD and psoriasis"; 43 were selected. Data measuring the risk of comorbidities and CV risk factors in psoriasis were retrieved.



Psoriasis patients have an increased prevalence of CV risk factors. Evidence suggests an increased risk of CV morbidity and mortality associated with psoriasis itself. Risk estimates vary across studies (OR range 1.13-6.48), possibly due to heterogeneous study design and incomplete data.



Although additional data are required, increased awareness of the association of psoriasis with CV risk factors could lead to early diagnosis and treatment of comorbidities, with resultant improvement in morbidity and mortality.
Understanding Those at the Forefront of Globalization

On the Cutting Edge of Globalization: An Inquiry into American Elites. By James N. Rosenau, David C. Earnest, Yale H. Ferguson, Ole R. Holsti Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2006. 216 pp., $72.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-7425-3975-X), $32.95 paper (ISBN: 0-7425-.

To understand the sources and future of globalization, it is essential to understand the individuals who are at the forefront of this movement. Yet, considering how vibrant and varied the literature on globalization is, systematic examinations of the people who are on the front lines of it are surprisingly rare. They are often presumed to have certain traits, and some of these presumed characteristics have received a fair amount of scrutiny—as exemplified by Peter Furia's (2005) examination of cosmopolitanism. But a large-scale systematic study of who these individuals are, what they do, and what they believe has heretofore been lacking in the literature. Just such an analysis is the great contribution of On the Cutting Edge of Globalization , by James Rosenau, David Earnest, Yale Ferguson, and Ole Holsti. The book illuminates who these people are. It tells us about their behaviors and their priorities. It shows us how they differ from other elite decision makers and what these characteristics mean for the future of globalization.

The centerpiece of the research reported in this book is a massive survey of elites. Rosenau and his colleagues surveyed this population twice, conducting one survey in 1999 and another in 2003. These surveys are used to examine the differences between elites who are at the forefront of globalization (dubbed “Cutting-Edgers”) and those who are not (“Other Leaders”) and to explore variations in the views of the two groups over time. Rosenau and his colleagues adopt a broad view of the types of …
Regime Shifts in the Marine Environment: How Do They Affect Ecosystem Services?

Marine ecosystems are facing unprecedented pressures for instance rising water temperatures, changing current patterns and ocean acidification. Coastal systems in particular are also challenged with additional anthropogenic pressures caused by accelerating rates of human settlement near the coast. This trend places increasing strains on the delivery of ecosystem services associated with recreation but also coastal fisheries. Here we introduce the concepts related to ecosystem stability and ecosystem services and review the evidence for regime shifts in the world’s ecosystems with particular reference to the Mediterranean, before reviewing mechanisms for ecosystem valuations, ending with recommendations for increasing the practical relevance of future ecosystem evaluations. We stress the need for regional approaches, taking into account the views and needs of local populations, which might differ greatly geographically even for the same issue being considered.