nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A dictionary of communication and media studies

This dictionary has become a unique resource for students and teachers in the field of communication and media studies. It brings together a large amount of essential information regarding current media policy and practice, and also provides clear and lively explanations of the many concepts and models which make up communication theory. In its third edition, the dictionary has been brought completely up-to-date, with over 100 new definitions reflecting the latest theories, research findings and developments in media practice. The new entries include information on recent, far-reaching developments in broadcasting and consider the increasing influence of transnational corporations over cultural discourse and activity. There is also expanded coverage of important issues such as feminism, racism and sexism.
Measurement of atomic elastic constants by pulsed neutron powder diffraction

A technique for determining the atomic elastic constants from measurements of the Debye-Waller factors has been developed. The Debye-Waller factors are obtained by Rietveld refinement of time-of- flight neutron diffraction data and interpretation in terms of an atomic Debye-Waller temperature. The method is applicable to powders and to materials that must be encapsulated for safety or environmental reasons. Illustrations of the technique with applications to actinide metals, to metallic hydrides and to high- temperature superconductors are presented.
Optical, Thermal and Nonlinear Properties of Tristhiourea Lanthanum Nitrate

The single crystals of tristhiourea lanthanum nitrate (TTLaN) have been grown by solution growth using slow evaporation technique. The optical study revealed that the crystal has high transmission with lower cut-off wavelength of 235.78 nm. The EDAX analysis confirmed the grown compound elements. The presence of functional groups was identified through Fourier transform-infrared technique. The thermal stability of the crystal was determined from thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis curve. The second harmonic generation behavior of TTLaN crystal was tested by Kurtz-Perry powder technique. This single novel semiorganic crystal of TTLaN showed very good optical transmission property, high thermal stability and large non-linearity nature.
Evidence updating for stream-processing in big-data: Robust conditioning in soft and hard data fusion environments

Robust belief revision methods are crucial in streaming data situations for updating existing knowledge (or beliefs) with new incoming evidence. Bayes conditioning is the primary mechanism in use for belief revision in data fusion systems that use probabilistic inference. However, traditional conditioning methods face several challenges due to inherent data/source imperfections in big-data environments that harness soft (i.e., human or human-based) sources in addition to hard (i.e., physics-based) sensors. The objective of this paper is to investigate the most natural extension of Bayes conditioning that is suitable for evidence updating in the presence of such uncertainties. By viewing the evidence updating process as a thought experiment, an elegant strategy is derived for robust evidence updating in the presence of extreme uncertainties that are characteristic of big-data environments. In particular, utilizing the Fagin-Halpern conditional notions, a natural extension to Bayes conditioning is derived for evidence that takes the form of a general belief function. The presented work differs fundamentally from the Conditional Update Equation (CUE) and authors own extensions of it. An overview of this development is provided via illustrative examples. Furthermore, insights into parameter selection under various fusion contexts are also provided.
Using Theory of Mind to Promote Conceptual Change in Science

We argue that learning science requires children to move from perceptually based representations to more abstract conceptual representations and to understand that appearance may sometimes deceive us and that the same phenomenon in the world can have more than one representation when seen from different perspectives. We also argue that the beginnings of such an epistemological perspective can be found in young children’s ability to think about the difference between their beliefs and the beliefs of others in the social domain, i.e., their Theory of Mind. We present the results of two empirical studies that show significant correlations between children’s growing Theory of Mind, developing epistemological thinking, and science learning, and suggest that Theory of Mind tasks can be used to promote conceptual change in science.
Looking Back Without Anger: Favourable Factors of Ethnic Kosovar Conflict Revisited

The present work depicts and analyses macro-factors that contributed to the emergence of ethnic conflict at Kosovo province in former Yugoslavia. Geographical, historical, political, economical, sociological, anthropological, and psychosocial factors are considered in order to explain the conflicting nature of Yugoslav regions and the independent movements developed among its Balkan cultures. Kosovo's conflict is then defined as both a religious and ethnic one but promoted by economical interests of national and international agents. Our reflections on the matter pointed out that power imbalance between primary parts, politics of autarchy, symbolic strategies around ethnic cleansing, sacred ideologies, and political pressures of outer countries are on the origin of this ethnic conflict. The definition of nation is then deconstructed to explain achievements of economical positions. Finally, the potential of a renewing war between Albanian and Serbian groups at Kosovo is also carefully thought using this theoretical analysis and content analysis of Spanish recent columns from three main newspapers of different social ideology.
The End of Elsewhere: Writing Modernity Now

LET ME CONFESS MY BIASES at the start: In my view, modernity is not a trope, theory, project, or destination, or if it sometimes seems to be all these things, it is never these things alone. It is instead a condition, historically produced over three centuries around the globe in processes of change that have not ended yet.1 Modernity is not optional in history, in that societies could not simply “choose” another regime of historicity for themselves, for such is the tyranny of modern  Nor is modernity dispensable in history-writing, especially for those who work on the recent past in what some still call “the rest of the world,” which many now would emend to “the world,” period. While not unitary or universal, the modern possesses commonalities across time and space, however differently it is experienced in different places. These commonalities are substantial enough to render impossible any truly “alternative” modernities, as attractive as such an idea may be to critics of Eurocentric models masquerading as universal norms, of whom I am one. The notion of “multiple modernities,” too, only helps to shift our attention away from singularity to the plural inflections of the modern experience, which is importantly diverse but not endlessly multiple: it is sad but true that not every country gets the modernity it wants or deserves.3 The common “grammar of modernity” encompasses such elements as the nationstate, whose numbers have proliferated from fifty at the beginning of the twentieth century to nearly two hundred today, and which appears not likely soon to dissolve, globalization notwithstanding.4 Other institutional commonalities include social shifts in massified urban and disrupted communal life and the insistence, if some-
What is the Future of Exhibition Histories? Or, Toward Art in Terms of Its Becoming-Public

Lucy Steeds contributed the chapter ‘What is the Future of Exhibition Histories? Or, Toward Art in Terms of Its Becoming-Public’ to “The Curatorial Conundrum” , which she also co-edited. 
 
“The Curatorial Conundrum” brings together responses to three key questions in relation to art, exhibitions, and their current cultural conditions: What to Study?, What to Research?, and What to Practice? Through these sub-questions, it gathers a wide range of international contributors in an attempt to respond to one fundamental overarching question: given that curating has come to occupy a central critical, political, and practical space within the global ‘contemporary', how will its unfolding futures be imagined and actualized, and what is to be done? 
 
Contributors are: Nancy Adajania, Melanie Bouteloup, Nikita Yingqian Cai, Luis Camnitzer, Eddie Chambers, Zasha Cerizza Colah, Galit Eilat, Liam Gillick, Vladimir Jeric, Koyo Kouoh, Miguel A. Lopez, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Paul O’Neill, Tobias Ostrander, Joao Ribas, Sarah Rifky, Sumesh Sharma, Simon Sheikh, Lucy Steeds, Jeannine Tang, David Teh, Jelena Vesic, What, How & for Whom/WHW, Mick Wilson, and Vivian Ziherl. 
 
Lucy also co-authored (with fellow editors Paul O’Neill and Mick Wilson) the book's introduction. 
 
This book was launched with a discussion between Lucy Steeds and Paul O’Neill at The Showroom in London, 21 July 2016
An Algebraic Generalization of Frege Structures-Binding Algebras

This paper introduces a kind of second-order algebras, called binding algebras , which is an algebraic generalization of Aczel's (1980) Frege structure. It investigates the universal property of binding algebras by following Birkhoff's (1935) method. An equational logic eBA is introduced. We obtain its admissible completeness. The relationship between completeness and the admissible completeness is very close and will be discussed.
Environment Safety of Oil Resources, Exploitation In Offshore Russian Arctic Regions

Technical particularities of oil deposits development on the shelf make difficult to estimate and prevent possible impact on fragile Arctic ecosystems during the natural resources exploitation. Environment safety in the Arctic Regions is assured by the legal environment protection. The paper shows that the legal base of the natural resources development in offshore Russian Regions is insufficient to promote environment safety in the Arctic. The authors present the measures of legal base development which will provide environment safety of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation in future. Existing state system of the ecological monitoring and experience of Russian United Monitoring System programs are presented. It is very important to estimate the ecological damage and liquidate it in time. The responsibility for nature pollution must be strictly defined by the special norm-legal documents. The results of the study can be used for the maintenance of the environment safety in the perspective regions of oil resources development and for the perfection of regional and international oil spills response systems in the Arctic.
STUDY OF SORPTION MECHANISM OF o-CHLOROPHENOLAND p-CHLOROPHENOL ONTO D301

In the present study X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was adopted to elucidate sorption mechanism of o-chlorophenol and p-chlorophenol onto a weak anion exchanger D301. The distribution of specific forms of amino groups on D301 was obtained and effect of free tertiary amine group on phenol sorption onto D301 was discussed. The result indicate that less free amino group on D301 caused by external solution with lower pH leads to less sorptive capacity of o-chlorophenol and p-chlorophenol respectively. Under the experimental conditions sorption of chlorophenols onto D301 can be explained by solid extraction mechanism and the coefficient of distribution has a linear relationship with the content of free amino group on D301.
The complexation of aqueous metal ions relevant to biological applications: 2. Evaluation of simultaneous equilibria of poorly soluble zinc salts with select amino acids

AbstractSimultaneous equilibria calculations were completed for seven aqueous zinc-ligand systems: zinc citrate plus either glycine, alanine, or serine, and zinc succinate plus either glycine, alanine, or serine, and zinc oxalate plus glycine. Mixed-ligand complexes were predicted for all but the zinc citrate-glycine system, and the proportion tends to peak around 5 molar equivalents of amino acid. Potential bioavailability of zinc appears to be increased by the inclusion of amino acids in solution, roughly in parallel with the increase in solubility of the zinc salt. Therefore, measurement of the change in solubility caused by addition of amino acids to aqueous solution gives qualitative insight to the potential increase in bioavailability of the metal ion, and mixed-ligand complexes are a significant proportion of the complexes present in solution.
High-energy ion beam implantation of hydroxyapatite thin films grown on TiN and ZrO2 inter-layers by pulsed laser deposition

Current drawbacks in the hydroxyapatite (HA) thin film production for applications in bone surgery are their poor mechanical strength and limited adherence. This paper presents the ion beam implantation technique as an efficient method to improve the mechanical characteristics of HA films. Crystalline films of HA were grown by pulsed laser deposition, using a KrF* excimer laser (λ=248 nm, τ⩾20 ns). The depositions were performed from pure HA targets on Ti–5Al–2.5Fe alloys coated with TiN or ZrO 2 buffer layers. Samples were then implanted with Ar + ions of high-energy (1.5 MeV) at a dose of 10 16 cm −2 . The as-deposited and implanted films were characterized by light microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The mechanical properties of films were studied by nanoindentation and nano-scratch techniques using a Berkovich indenter tip. Films become harder and exhibit a higher Young modulus after implantation. The best values (5 GPa hardness and 130 GPa Young modulus, respectively) were obtained for the implanted films grown on TiN. An influence of the buffer layer nature on the mechanical behavior of films was observed. Films grown on ZrO 2 are brittle and crack at moderate load (∼12 mN) during scratch while these ones deposited on TiN successfully withstand loading. Residual stresses occur into the HA/ZrO 2 structure during processing and ion bombardment.
Erratum. The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Vascular Complications and Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014;37:1353-1359.

The correct affiliation is as follows: IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano and University ofMilano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. The online version reflects these changes. Juuso I. Blomster, Sophia Zoungas, John Chalmers, Qiang Li, Clara K. Chow, Mark Woodward, Giuseppe Mancia, Neil Poulter, Bryan Williams, Stephen Harrap, Bruce Neal, Anushka Patel, and Graham S. Hillis Diabetes Care Volume 38, July 2015 1393
Uncertainty: Blessing or Curse?

The concepts of free will and uncertainty are inseparably intertwined. This interdisciplinary essay, instead of expounding upon the technical difference between risk and uncertainty (as classically delineated by Frank Knight), assumes that both words bring to mind the same general idea to a layperson, namely, something that’s not certain to occur but may occur, whether or not the precise degree of likelihood can be calculated. With this simplification as a given, the article proceeds to analyze, first, the cultural perspective that’s a prerequisite to the existence of a belief in free will; second, the role of the limits of human knowledge in constraining the efficacy of the quest to battle uncertainty by building models of predictability and control in the physical sciences versus the social sciences; and third (and finally), the negative implications for capital-market health of attempting to satisfy, through the adoption of public policies of redress and entitlement based on a Rawlsian system of fairness, the alleged yearning by individuals to obviate distributional uncertainty.
Experimental constraints on the fate of subducted upper continental crust beyond the “depth of no return”

The subducted continental crust material will be gravitationally trapped in the deep mantle after having been transported to depths of greater than ∼250–300 km (the “depth of no return”). However, little is known about the status of this trapped continental material as well as its contribution to the mantle heterogeneity after achieving thermal equilibrium with the surrounding mantle. Here, we conduct an experimental study over pressure and temperature ranges of 9–16 GPa and 1300–1800 °C to constrain the fate of these trapped upper continental crust (UCC). The experimental results show that partial melting will occur in the subducted UCC along normal mantle geotherm to produce K-rich melt. The residual phases composed of coesite/stishovite + clinopyroxene + kyanite in the upper mantle, and stishovite + clinopyroxene + K-hollandite + garnet + CAS-phase in the mantle transition zone (MTZ), respectively. The residual phases achieve densities greater than the surrounding mantle, which provides a driving force for descent across the 410-km seismic discontinuity into the MTZ. However, this density relationship is reversed at the base of the MTZ, leaving the descended residues to be accumulated above the 660-km seismic discontinuity and may contribute to the “second continent”. The melt is ∼0.6–0.7 g/cm 3 less dense than the surrounding mantle, which provides a buoyancy force for ascent of melt to shallow depths. The ascending melt, which preserves a significant portion of the bulk-rock rare earth elements (REEs), large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), and high-filed strength elements (HFSEs), may react with the surrounding mantle. Re-melting of the metasomatized mantle may contribute to the origin of the “enriched mantle sources” (EM-sources). Therefore, the deep subducted continental crust may create geochemical/geophysical heterogeneity in Earth’s interior through subduction, stagnation, partial melting and melt segregation.
The Law of Population and the Austrian School

There has been considerable debate within the social sciences about the consequences of rapid population growth. The law of population, as described by Thomas Robert Malthus, asserts that population growth is ultimately limited by the means of subsistence, and therefore preventive checks on population growth (e.g., voluntarily limiting the number of births) are necessary to avoid the grim prospect of inevitable human suffering when the means of subsistence cannot support the population. Economists, demographers, and other social scientists have produced volumes of exegesis on Malthus's work. This article assesses how representative economists of the Austrian School have interacted with Malthus's law of population.
Protein interaction with immobilized metal ion affinity ligands under high ionic strength conditions.

An investigation into the adsorption behavior under batch equilibrium binding conditions of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) with the immobilized metal ion affinity chromatographic adsorbent, Cu(2+)-IDA Sepharose CL-4B, in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl or KCl has been undertaken. When the concentration of NaCl or KCl in the adsorption buffer was < or = 0.2 M, the adsorption data correlated with predictions based on the Langmuir model. However, when the salt concentration was > or = 0.5 M, the adsorption data appeared to follow the Freundlich-Langmuir model under these higher ionic strength conditions. Under elevated ionic strength conditions, the protein-ligand interactions were shown to involve positive cooperativity by Scatchard plot analysis of the experimental data. The number, n, of interacting protein molecules increased with the salt concentration, while the apparent dissociation constant Kd under these high ionic strength conditions was less dependent on the type of salt present in the adsorption buffer. These studies reveal that the binding of Cu(2+)-IDA Sepharose CL-4B to HEWL acceptor molecules under conditions of high ionic strength is characteristic of general heterogeneous interactions, whereby the immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) ligands bind to a protein acceptor undergoing isodesmic indefinite self-association and multisite attachment. As a consequence, these results on the adsorption behavior of HEWL have important general implications for the preparative use of immobilized metal ion affinity adsorbents in packed and expanded bed systems, particularly with regard to the resolution and productivity of the separation for the target protein. In addition, the results from these studies are relevant to investigations involving analytical affinity chromatographic or biosensor assessment of the interaction of proteins with immobilized IMAC ligands when high ionic strength equilibration feedstocks or conditions are employed.
2011 Archaea: Ecology, Metabolism, & Molecular Biology

Archaea, one of three major evolutionary lineages of life, are a fascinating and diverse group of microbes with deep roots overlapping those of eukaryotes. The focus of the 'Archaea: Ecology Metabolism & Molecular Biology' GRC conference expands on a number of emerging topics highlighting new paradigms in archaeal metabolism, genome function and systems biology; information processing; evolution and the tree of life; the ecology and diversity of archaea and their viruses. The strength of this conference lies in its ability to couple a field with a rich history in high quality research with new scientific findings in an atmosphere of stimulating exchange. This conference remains an excellent opportunity for younger scientists to interact with world experts in this field.
They called it democracy? The aesthetic politics of the Spanish transition to democracy and some collective hijackings of history after the 15M movement

This article studies the imaginaries of political change available during the Spanish transition to democracy (1973–1982) and their new political usages by the Spanish 15M Occupy movement in the context of the 2008–2014 economic crisis. I argue that protesters are now rediscovering the old symbols used against Franco’s dictatorship and adapting them to the new political circumstances, through graffiti, slogans, artistic performances and other ephemeral materials.
Higher-Order Rewriting

Natural intersection type preorders are the type structures which agree with the plain intuition of intersection type constructor as set-theoretic intersection operation and arrow type constructor as set-theoretic function space constructor. In this paper we study the relation between natural intersection type preorders and natural λ-structures, i.e. ω-algebraic latticesD with Galois connections given by F : D → [D → D] and G : [D → D] → D. We prove on one hand that natural intersection type preorders induces natural λ-structures, on the other hand that natural λ-structures admits presentations through intersection type preorders. Moreover we give a concise presentations of classical D∞ λ-models of untypedλ-calculus through suitable natural intersection type preorders and prove that filter λ-models induced by them are isomorphic to D∞.
THE ENCOMPASSING IMPLICATIONS OF FEEDBACK VERSUS FEEDFORWARD MECHANISMS IN ECONOMETRICS

If expectations are an important ingredient of economic decisions, when expectations alter feedback, models should manifest parameter change. This aspect of the "Lucas critique" therefore has implications for feedforward models when expectations processes change but conditional models do not. Both invariance and encompassing attributes of each type of model are investigated to demonstrate that the Lucas critique is refutable, as well as confirmable, even with incomplete information about how agents form expectations. The approach is applied to the transactions demand for money in the United Kingdom and corroborates earlier work by the author by refuting a claimed expectations interpretation.