nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Sedimentary facies and tectonic implications of Lower Mesozoic alluvial-fan conglomerates of the Newark Basin, northeastern United States

Triassic to Lower Jurassic conglomeratic sequences of the Passaic and succeeding formations along the northwest-bounding fault of the Newark Basin in eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New York, have six relatively distinct lithofacies that record continental basin filling under arid to semi-arid conditions. Matrix-supported conglomerates represent debris flows: clast-supported conglomerates are hyperconcentrated steamflood deposits. Coarse pebbly sandstones represent a braided-stream channel facies, and medium-to-fine sandstones are interpreted as a sheetflood facies, deposits normally succeeded by thin mudstones of a waning-flood facies. Associated with such mudstones at Milford, New Jersey is a sixth, pedogenic facies: caliches that document pauses in deposition. Areal lithologic variations and analyses of vertical changes, including Markov analyses of facies transitions, document intermittent, cyclical debris flows and streamfloods on alluvial fans prograding into the basin. The intermittency is best accounted for by episodic, localized tectonic rejuvenation of fan provenance at the northwest bounding fault of the Newark Basin during the late Triassic to early Jurassic, the final phase of basin filling. Penecontemporaneity of tectonism and fan deposition is corroborated by deformation of some conglomerate clasts which transmitted tectonic stresses to each other before their enclosing matrices were completely lithified. Some pebbles and cobbles are shattered at points of contact, and clasts of relatively soft lithologies became pocked while grinding against harder fragments during post-depositional tectonic episodes.
Nitrogen pollution in the EU: Best management strategies, regulations, and science needs

Environmental effects of reactive nitrogen (Nr) are a result of intense anthropogenic  Thy are evident in different parts of the world. Proper treatment is, inter alia, a scale issue. With individual countries in mostof Europe too small for comprehensive coverage of all effects, regulation of pollution in Europe co-emerged with political inegration in general. In this article, we describe the most important frameworks of international regulation in Europe. We als discuss the interaction of such institutional setting with the scientific initiatives at the samelevel, and finaly assess how scientific results have been fed with some success into strategies to mitigate pollution levels.
The regional aeromagnetic features and genesis of iron deposits in Yili terrane,western Xinjiang

The newly discovered medium- to large-sized iron deposits in western Tianshan,Xinjiang are mainly distributed within the Yili Carboniferous back-arc basin.The formation of most major iron deposits were intimately linked with Early Carboniferous marine volcanic rocks(hosted by the Dahalajunshan Fm.),but some other deposits were genetically relatedto chemical deposition of iron and silica from seawater in Late Carboniferous time(hosted by the Yishijilike Fm.).The regional aeromagnetic surveys turned out a perfect response to the iron deposit distribution in the region.The iron deposits hosted within volcanic-volcaniclastic rocks ofthe Dahalajunshan Fm.were chiefly localized in the ring and radiate faults of crater structures and formed by ore-magma and/or hightemperature volcanic hydrothermal fluids,thus they are not concert with the surrounding volcanic strata in their orientations.The deposits hosted within the sedimentary rocks ofthe Yishijilike Fm.are chemically precipitated along with other sediments from the surrounding seawater,therefore they are conformable with the hosting stratigraphy and controlled by paleo-topography of the basin.However,overprinting by Sedex-type mineralization on these sedimentary iron deposit cannot be totally precluded.It is suggested that the differences between the marine volcanic rock package and sedimentary rock package might be the principal and crucial factor in controlling the generation and localization of the iron mineralization in the region.
“So distant and wild a scene”: language, domesticity and difference in Hannah Kilham's writing from West Africa, 1822-1832

Kilham (1774-1832), a Sheffield Quaker, was involved in philanthropic, educational and missionary work with women in Britain, Ireland and West Africa in the early nineteenth century. In this article the author focuses upon Hannah Kilham's. engagement in the religious and domestic education of African girls and women in the 1820s and 1830s. Through representations of African women as in need of her ‘civilising influence’, Kilham was able to construct a powerful role for herself, and for other white middle-class British women, in the colonial/missionary enterprise. The article explores the significance of notions of gender, domesticity and the Protestant family to the construction of ideas about Africa's ‘difference’ and, through this, British national identity.
Capitalism in Context: Essays on Economic Development and Cultural Change in Honor of R. M. Hartwell

Preface Introduction by John A. James and Mark Thomas Pt.  The Profile of Progress 1: Patterns of Growth in History Eric L.  Frontier Societies and the Diffusion of Growth Mark Thomas 3: Reflections on "The Standard of Living Debate": New Arguments and New Evidence Stanley L. Engerman Pt.  The Cultural Foundations: Values, Markets, and Peoples 4: Puritanism and Capitalism in Early Massachusetts Stephen Innes 5: The Rise of Free Labor: Economic Change and the Enforcement of Service Contracts in England, 1351-1875 David W. Galenson 6: Cemeteries, Religion, and the Culture of Capitalism Thomas W. Laqueur Pt. III: The Economic Foundations: Labor, Capital, and Technology 7: Leaving the Farm to Go to the City: Did They Leave Quickly Enough? Jeffrey G. Williamson 8: Human Capital and Productivity in Advanced Economies N. F. R.  Savings, Investment, and Economic Growth: The United States in the Nineteenth Century Lance E. Davis, Robert E. Gallman.  Progress and Inertia in Technological Change Joel Mokyr Pt. IV: The Organizational Foundations: Property Rights, Government, and Markets 11: The Evolution of Efficient Markets in History Douglass C. North 12: The Political Economy of Institutional Change: Property Rights and the General Revision Act of 1891 Gary D. Libecap 13: Government Growth, Income Growth, and Economic Growth John J. Wallis Postscript The Writings of R. M. Hartwell References Contributors Index
Reasoning with Concrete Domains

Description logics are formalisms for the representation of and reasoning about conceptual knowledge on an abstract level. Concrete domains allow the integration of description logic reasoning with reasoning about concrete objects such as numbers, time intervals, or spatial regions. The importance of this combined approach, especially for building real-world applications, is widely accepted. However, the complexity of reasoning with concrete domains has never been formally analyzed and efficient algorithms have not been developed. This paper closes the gap by providing a tight bound for the complexity of reasoning with concrete domains and presenting optimal algorithms.
THE MIND AT EVERY STAGE HAS ITS OWN LOGIC: JOHN DEWEY AS GENETIC PSYCHOLOGIST

In this essay Thomas Fallace argues that John Dewey can best be described as a pragmatic historicist and a genetic psychologist. This means that Dewey believed that the best way to understand any idea, phenomenon, or entity is to trace its history, that the history of the individual and race pass through distinct stages of development, and that the most effective way to educate was to coordinate the form and content of these phylogenetic and ontogenetic stages to one another. Fallace demonstrates how these ideas informed both theory and practice at the University of Chicago Laboratory School.
Can an Innovation Oriented Vision Statement Really Trigger Innovation in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises?: Evidence from Turkey

In literature, it is claimed by some studies that the content of a vision statement can be a tool to reach some desired individual and organizational level results. The importance of various types of innovation for organizations has been supported by many empirical studies. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of a vision statement’s content on the amount of innovation in Turkish small and medium sized enterprises. With this aim, first this chapter briefly reviews the literature on vision statements and innovation, followed by the methodology and findings. The chapter ends with future directions and conclusions, which include the originalities and limitations of this study.
Indecomposable representations of quivers on infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces

We study indecomposable representations of quivers on separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces by bounded operators. We consider a complement of Gabriel's theorem for these representations. Let $\Gamma$ be a finite, connected quiver. If its underlying undirected graph contains one of extended Dynkin diagrams $\tilde{A_n} (n \geq 0)$, $\tilde{D_n} (n \geq 4)$, $\tilde{E_6}$,$\tilde{E_7}$ and $\tilde{E_8}$, then there exists an indecomposable representation of $\Gamma$ on separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.
The second destruction of the Geldermalsen

This review of C. J. A. Jörg’s book on the Chinese porcelain from the Dutch East India Company ship Geldermalsen, which sank in 1752, addresses some broader questions involved in the destruction of shipwreck sites for commercial profit. These questions grew out of the issue of what relationship scholars should have with those who destroy sites and acquire objects from them. The first part of the article is a review of Jörg’s book, followed by a commentary on the problems that collecting from looted sites raise.
Is Ratio 3:1 a comprehensive principle of the Universe ?

Examples of physical evidencies supporting the Ratio 3:1 are given. Concept of Metasymmetry and Broken Metasymmetry is introduced. The 3:1 Ratio has been found as a numerical measure of Broken Metasymmetry(BM). An attempt have been made for explanation of BM as total effect Bose-Fermi mixture.
Carbonate adsorption on goethite in competition with phosphate.

Competitive interaction of carbonate and phosphate on goethite has been studied quantitatively. Both anions are omnipresent in soils, sediments, and other natural systems. The PO4-CO3 interaction has been studied in binary goethite systems containing 0-0.5 M (bi)carbonate, showing the change in the phosphate concentration as a function of pH, goethite concentration, and carbonate loading. In addition, single ion systems have been used to study carbonate adsorption as a function of pH and initial (H)CO3 concentration. The experimental data have been described with the charge distribution (CD) model. The charge distributions of the inner-sphere surface complexes of phosphate and carbonate have been calculated separately using the equilibrium geometries of the surface complexes, which have been optimized with molecular orbital calculations applying density functional theory (MO/DFT). In the CD modeling, we rely for phosphate on recent parameters from the literature. For carbonate, the surface speciation and affinity constants have been found by modeling the competitive effect of CO3 on the phosphate concentration in CO3-PO4 systems. The CO3 constants obtained can also predict the carbonate adsorption in the absence of phosphate very well. A combination of inner- and outer-sphere CO3 complexation is found. The carbonate adsorption is dominated by a bidentate inner-sphere complex, (FeO)2CO. This binuclear bidentate complex can be present in two different geometries that may have a different IR behavior. At a high PO(4) and CO3 loading and a high Na+ concentration, the inner-sphere carbonate complex interacts with a Na+ ion, probably in an outer-sphere fashion. The Na+ binding constant obtained is representative of Na-carbonate complexation in solution. Outer-sphere complex formation is found to be unimportant. The binding constant is comparable with the outer-sphere complexation constants of, e.g., SO(2-)4 and SeO(2-)4.
The Reason of Rules

Societies function on the basis of rules. These rules, rather like the rules of the road, coordinate the activities of individuals who have a variety of goals and purposes. Whether the rules work well or ill, and how they can be made to work better, is a matter of major concern. Appropriately interpreted, the working of social rules is also the central subject matter of modern political economy. This book is about rules - what they are, how they work, and how they can be properly analysed. The authors' objective is to understand the workings of alternative political institutions so that choices among such institutions (rules) can be more fully informed. Thus, broadly defined, the methodology of constitutional political economy is the subject matter of The Reason of Rules. The authors have examined how rules for political order work, how such rules might be chosen, and how normative criteria for such choices might be established.
Thermodynamics of complex formation in dimethylsulfoxide: The case of Co(II) complexes with nitrogen donor ligands and their O2 adducts

Data for complex formation of Co(II) with N -donors in dimethylsulfoxide are reviewed and rationalized on the basis of both solvational effects and ligand structural and electronic features. For the polyamine ligands, the number and stability of the species formed decreases with increasing number of N -methyl groups, due to the increase of the steric crowding and the relatively low basicity of the donor nitrogen. However also the stabilization through H-bond formation with the second-sphere solvent molecules is an important factor. The same factor causes a greater electron donation from the ligand to the metal ion stabilizing the complex as shown by the thermodynamic and structural data. When comparing the thermodynamic parameters with those available in water, it results that the stability constants are higher than those in water despite the stronger solvation of the metal ion in DMSO. This is assigned to the ligand solvation playing an important role, especially for primary and secondary amines. When ligands able to be only H-bond acceptors are considered (tertiary amines and pyridines) the stability of the complex expected on the basis of the metal ion solvation is observed. When considering the oxygen affinity of the Co(II) complexes in DMSO it results that the complexes with primary and secondary amines are able to bind O 2 . As O 2 uptake is a redox process it strongly depends on the ligand-metal charge transfer and on the solvation of the resulting complex. Thus, the same factors affecting the stability of the Co(II) complexes with the N -donor ligands considered also influence their dioxygen affinity. A correlation between enthalpy and electrochemical data in DMSO supports this hypothesis.
Contemporary collecting : objects, practices, and the fate of things

Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Part 1 Collecting in a Virtual World 1. Marcus Boon, "Meditations in an Emergency: On the Apparent Destruction of My mp3 Collection" 2. Matthew James Vechinski, "Collecting, Curating, and the Magic Circle of Ownership in a Postmaterial Culture" 3. Phillip Hutchison, "Searching for Cap'n Ernie's Treasure Chest: Collecting and Sharing the Lost History of Live Local Television Genres" Part 2 Changing Relationships with Things 4. David Banash, "Virtual Life and the Value of Objects: Nostalgia, Distinction, and Collecting in the Twenty-First Century" 5. Daniel DeChaine, "Memory, Desire, and the "Good Collector" in PEZhead Culture" 6. William Davies King, "Suited for Nothing: Collecting Second Hand" 7. Stanley Cavell, "The World As Things: Collecting Thoughts On Collecting" Part 3 Collecting and Identity, Personal and Political 8. Stephen A. Andon, "From the Attic to the Mallpark: A Collection's Transition from Private to Public in a New Professional Baseball Stadium" 9. Mechtild Widrich, "Collecting 'History in the Making': The Privatization of Propaganda in National Socialist Cigarette Cards" 10. Terri Baker, "'The record of a life': Nation and Narrative in Victorian Women's Collections" Part 4 Collecting Practices and Cultural Hierarchies 11. Sophie Thomas, "Distraction and Display: the Curiosity Cabinet and the Romantic Museum." 12. Mary Titus, " Taliesin and House on the Rock" 13. Kevin M. Moist, "Record Collecting as Cultural Anthropology" Bibliography Contributor Biographies
SUBDUCTION OF INDIA BENEATH TIBET:MAGMATISM EVIDENCE

The northward subduction of India plate beneath Tibet followed the onset of India collided with Asia is one of the most fundamental questions to the evolution of Tibetan plateau. But it is still in debate. Recently, increasing geophysical studies favor the model that India has subducted beneath Asia to the depth of 200 km beneath the plateau to the Banggong-Nujiang suture. Age, petrology and geochemistry of the wide-spreading postcollisional magmatism in Tibetan plateau allow us to reveal the composition and processes of the plateau's lithosphere after India collided with Asia around 55 Ma ago. Our results suggest that the Gangdese belt is geochemically a part of the north Tibet (Qiangtang, Kunlun, Hoh Kil). North Tibet has an undisturbed, ancient enriched upper mantle source region. Isotopic geochemistry evidence show that India has subducted beneath Gangdese to the north of Yarlung Zangpo suture 13～25 Ma ago. Taking the northward ongoing motion of India into account, we conclude that India plate should have subducted beneath Tibet to Bangong-Nujiang suture at present-day. This model agree very well with the results of helium geochemistry of spring water from southern Tibet and some geophysical survey got recently.
A fuzzy system to support the configuration of baggage screening devices at an airport

We model baggage screening devices at an airport to evaluate their effectiveness.Fuzzy inference system to assist airport security manager was built.Evaluation of single X-ray device as well as entire equipment is possible.TIP images number and frequency influence the evaluation of the security system.Device's replacement strategy was evaluated for EPKT airport. An airport is a complex engineering system; it is composed of many elements interconnected with numerous internal relations with a strongly pronounced role of the human factor. One of the specific tasks carried out by the airport managing entity (AME) is to configure the airport security system (ApSS) so that to attain the expected level of confidence in the airport safety and security. This task consists in selection of infrastructure, technical equipment, allocation of personnel and financial means that are necessary to perform all functions of the ApSS. One of the aspects of the configuration of the ApSS is the allocation of available X-ray baggage screening devices searching for items prohibited for transportation. To make this allocation, we need to know how effective these devices are (in terms of detecting prohibited items). This assessment is dependent on several factors which are treated as linguistic variables and are input to fuzzy inference system: the ability to detect explosives, the number of detection lines, the effectiveness of the TIP (Threat Image Projection) system and the age of the machine. Some of these elements are difficult to objective assessment, as they are heavily dependent on the human factor or the information is uncertain or incomplete. So fuzzy ApSS analysis is proposed. The output from the fuzzy inference system is linguistic variable Device evaluation. The meaning of this variable is the ability to protect the aircraft against prohibited items. The proposed new method of assessing the airport baggage screening system involves the construction of a hierarchical fuzzy inference system. The usefulness of the method is exemplified for Katowice-Pyrzowice International Airport, for which an assessment of devices has been performed. The results show that not only allocation of specific devices for specific control points is important for the security of passengers. Also important are the locally accepted principles of their work, which so far are not specified by international regulations. This applies for instance to the selection of the number and frequency of TIP images. Experiments show that the proposed approach can be effective as part of an expert system for supporting the airport operator in configuring ApSS.
Devonian shales of central Appalachian basin: geological controls on gas production

Gas reserves of the Devonian shales of the Appalachian basin constitute a large, underdeveloped resource producing from fractured reservoirs. As part of ongoing Gas Research Institute research, K and A Energy Consultants, Inc., is identifying geological controls on gas production. Preliminary findings indicate that local gas production is controlled by a combination of structure and stratigraphy. Regional geological review indicates that Devonian sedimentation and structure is influenced by repeated reactivation of basement faults. Site-specific geologic studies indicate that depositional and structural mechanisms vary substantially throughout the basin. Gas production on the eastern margin of the producing area is controlled by an Alleghenian thrust front located by Grenville normal faults. High-capacity wells are associated with tear faults in the thrust sheets. To the southwest, deformation is controlled by both Grenville and Rome trough basement faults. Reactivation of these faults during later orogenic events produced a complex of high-angle reverse and strike-slip faults. Fracturing in the Devonian shales is produced by shearing and flexure associated with these structures. Syndepositional movement of the basement structures influenced the deposition of coarser grained turbidites and tempestites. The combination of fractures and coarser clastic beds provides effective reservoir systems. The shale contains abundant organic material consistingmore » of terrestrial plant debris and marine algal remains. Thermal maturation of this material produced gas which charged the lower reservoir systems. Exploration along reactivated structural trends is an effective strategy for locating Devonian shale gas accumulations. This approach may also apply to other producing strata in the basin.« less
From Sacred Body to Angelic Soul. Understanding Mary in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe

Marian Devotion, Popular Preaching, and the Power of Speech in Late Medieval Religious Life 1. "From the Very Pure Blood": Mary's Motherhood and Late Medieval Christianity 2. The Sword of Compassion: Mary and the Passion in the Middle Ages 3. "Hevenly Conversacion": Mary as Supreme Intercessor and Mediatrix 4. Spiritual Mothers: Mary's Motherhood and Post-Tridentine Catholicism 5.  Mary and the Passion in the Late Sixteenth Century 6. Ubl Maria, ibi ecclesia: Marian Prayers and Devotional Societies after Trent
Modeling Role-Based Systems with Exogenous Coordination

The concept of roles is a promising approach to cope with context dependency and adaptivity of modern software systems. While roles have been investigated in conceptual modeling, programming languages and multi-agent systems, they have been given little consideration within component-based systems. 
 
In this paper, we propose a hierarchical role-based approach for modeling relationships and collaborations between components. In particular, we consider the channel-based, exogenous coordination language Reo and discuss possible realizations of roles and related concepts. The static requirements on the binding of roles are modeled by rule sets expressed in many-sorted second-order logic and annotations on the Reo networks for role binding, context and collaborations, while Reo connectors are used to model the coordination of runtime role playing. The ideas presented in this paper may serve as a basis for the formalization and formal analysis of role-based software systems.