nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Metaphor in Action in Political Discourse

More and more metaphors are employed in different patterns of discourses, especially in political discourses. Politics is inseparable with metaphors. This thesis makes an analysis of the functions of metaphors in political discourses from three aspects, namely, the stylistic function, the cognitive function and the social function. Vivid expression, succinct wording, clear meaning and easy understanding contribute to the stylistic function of metaphors in political discourses. For the cognitive function, metaphors have the function of guiding perception, structuralizing experience and creating new insight. The social function is that through the use of metaphors, a political discourse may easily inform people by stirring their emotions. Metaphors can serve as a persuasive device in political discourses and debates. Also, metaphors can create a sense of consolidation among people and thus mobilize people into the war. In addition, metaphors may deceive people by disguising or embellishing something. Metaphor and politics are closely interwoven. Graber once said that political communication is the "lifeblood or mother's milk of politics because communication is the essential activity that links the various parts of society together and allows them to function as an integrated whole" (Graber, 1993:305). As Edelman (1977) contended, at the core of political communication is the ability of the politician to use metaphor and symbols that awaken potential tendencies among the masses.
Hydrolysis of mixed Ni(2+)-Fe3+ and Mg(2+)-Fe3+ solutions and mechanism of formation of layered double hydroxides.

The hydrolytic behavior of mixed metallic solutions containing Ni(2+)-Fe(3+) and Mg(2+)-Fe(3+) has been studied with respect to the relative proportion of the divalent and trivalent cations in solution as well as the quantity of NaOH added. The combination of X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy provides a deep insight into both the nature of the phases and the structure of the formed LDH. The relative abundance of each phase is determined by using a mass balance diagram and is in good agreement with the solid characterization. We showed that the slow hydrolysis of mixed metallic solutions involved first the precipitation of Fe(3+) to form an akaganeite phase, and then the formation of a precursor on the iron oxyhydroxide surface, which transforms into LDH by diffusion of Fe(III) species from the akaganeite phase to the precursor. Interestingly, whatever the iron content in solution, the same fraction of Fe(III) is incorporated into the LDH phase which is correlated to the nature of the formed precursor. For Ni(2+)-Fe(3+) solution, the precursor is an α-Ni hydroxide, which formed a LDH phase with a very low iron content (x(layer) = 0.1), but a high charge density provided by structural hydroxyl default. This result unambiguously demonstrated that the LDH phase is formed from the precursor structure. For Mg(2+)-Fe(3+) solution, the precursor is structurally equivalent to a β-Mg(OH)2 phase, leading to a LDH with a higher x(layer) value of ~0.2. In both cases, at the end of the titration experiments, a mixture of different phases was systematically observed. Hydrothermal treatment allows the recovery of a pure LDH phase exclusively for the Ni(2+)-Fe(3+) solution.
Orpheus Dis(re)membered: Milton and the Myth of the Poet-Hero

Orpheus is one of a number of mythical heroes against whose image Milton fashions a sense of himself as a heroic writer, publicly and personally engaged in the politics of Commonwealth and post-Commonwealth England. how do the various guises of Orpheus (the archetypal but failing poet, the passionate but guilty lover, the victim of mob violence, the civilizer of men) contribute to Milton's conception of heroism and heroic authorship? With the assistance of Mikhail Bakhtin's work on the conepts of 'author' and 'hero', as well as recent feminist interpretations of Milton, this study examines Milton's use of the Orpheus myth across the range of his writing, from the early poetry through the prose tracts, to Paradise Lost.
Hermeneutics, Culture, and the Legacy of Shame: Response to Schou and Sucharov

In my response to Peter Schou and Max Sucharov, I use cues from their discussions to reflect on the interaction between my patient and I, and to articulate the hermeneutic perspective on which the case is based. Hermeneutics provides a framework for conceptualizing the way in which culture permeates every aspect of the analytic situation. Human experience is forged within culture, and it is through culture and language that we understand, interact, and make sense of the world around us. By focusing on the complexity of factors at work in the interaction between my patient and I, this article seeks to highlight the role of shame, trauma, and dialogue in the therapeutic interaction.
Collection as Creation: Isabella Stewart Gardner’s Fenway Court

Isabella Stewart Gardner’s Fenway Court in Boston has long been interpreted as an exemplar of aestheticism in museum design. Beneath the beautiful surface, however, the ahistorical aspects of Gardner’s creation suggest more complicated motives for her installations. Analysis of the courtyard, Titian Room, and Spanish Cloister, specifically reveals that Gardner wilfully obscured the history of works of art she owned. She used architectural fragments in unconventional arrangements, combined objects from different times and places, built fictive settings that looked authentic, and laced the entire museum with references to herself. This process of decontextualization enabled Gardner to situate her collections firmly and irreversibly in a monument of her own design. By casting history into oblivion, she preserved her memory as both collector and creator.
PTFA: a secure and privacy-preserving traffic flow analysis scheme for intelligent transportation system

With the pervasiveness of vehicle information systems (VIS) and the advance of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET), intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which can improve road traffic and reduce traffic accidents, have attracted considerable interest recently. However, the development of ITS still faces many challenges including privacy of individual data and locations. In this paper, we propose a secure and privacy-preserving traffic flow analysis scheme, called PTFA, for ITS. With PTFA, user privacy can be guaranteed when the manager acquires the fine-grained traffic information. We first map the information of roads to a super increasing sequence; then, construct an improved multi-dimensional aggregation scheme based on the homomorphic Paillier cryptosystem. For data communications from user to traffic regional-centre (TRC), data aggregation is performed directly on ciphertext at road side units (RSUs) without decryption, and the aggregation result of the original data can be obtained at the TRC. Detailed security analysis shows that the proposed PTFA scheme can efficiently achieve user privacy-preserving in ITS. In addition, performance evaluations via extensive simulations demonstrate the PTFA's effectiveness in terms of providing fine-grained traffic information processing and minimising communication cost.
Raman spectroscopy investigations of TiB x C y N z coatings deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition

It has been shown that first-order, defect-induced Raman spectra of good quality can be obtained from TiB x C y N z coatings, even if buried within a multilayer stack. The Raman peak assignments fit well with previous work on TiC 1 −  x N x . Even small changes in the B:C:N ratio result in systematical shifts of the Raman peaks. With increasing nitrogen content, the acoustical phonons shift to lower frequencies. A high correlation of the Raman shifts with lattice constants derived from XRD has also been found. Additionally, intensity and FWHM of the Raman peaks also change going from carbon- to nitrogen-rich coatings. The sensitivity of the TA peak Raman shifts to changes of the investigated basic coating properties is largest for N-rich coatings. Looking at the full range of coatings the dependence of the Raman shifts is slightly nonlinear. The present work establishes Raman microscopy as a complementary non-destructive technique compared to XRD for studying coatings like TiB x C y N z . Structural, optical and chemical properties can be determined with considerably higher spatial resolution.
เจมส์ โลว์ กับการแสวงหาความรู้ของนักอาณานิคม

บทความนจะสำรวจงานเขยนของเจมส โลว เจาหนาทของบรษทอนเดยตะวนออกทประจำอยทเกาะปนงในครงแรกของครสตศตวรรษท 19 วเคราะหกระแสแนวคดทมอทธพลตอการคนควาของเจมส โลว วตถประสงคสวนตวของเขา รวมทงทศนคตทมตอชาวเอเชยตะวนออกเฉยงใต โดยพจารณางานเขยนของเขา 3 เรอง ไดแก A Grammar of The T,hai ot Siamese Languge จดหมายเหตเจมส โลว และ A Translation of the Keddah Annals termed Merong Mahawangsa งานเขยนของเจมส โลว บงชวาเขาไดรบอทธพลจากลทธเศรษฐกจการเมองและลทธประโยชนนยม (Unitarianism) ทแพรหลายในครงแรกของครสตศตวรรษท 19 ทำใหเขาเชอมนในระบบการคาเสรซงถานำไปใชแลวจะทำใหเกดความเจรญ ความเสมอภาค และความมงคงไดไมวาในทใดของโลก ชาตทเจรญกวาอยางองกฤษมสทธชอบธรรมทจะเขายดครองดนแดนของชาตอนทดอยความเจรญกวาเพอสรางความเปนอารยะใหแกดนแดนเหลานน งานคนควาของเจมส โลว มวตถประสงคเพอหาขอมลความรอนเปนประโยชนทางการเมองและการคาใหแกองกฤษ โดยเชอวาวธการคนควาอยางเปนวทยาศาสตรจะทำใหเขาถงความจรงได The purpose of this article is to examine three selected writings of James Low, one of English East India Company’s officers administers stationed in Penang in the early half of the nineteenth century. Ideological influences on his work will be analyzed as well as the objectives of his writings and his views  towards the indigenous people.  The three selected writings are A Grammar of The T,hai or Siamese Language, Journal of a Public Mission to Raja of Ligor and A tranalation of the Keddha Annals termed Merong Mahawangsa. His work indicates that he was influenced by the Enlightened ideas of British philosophers both the classic liberals and the Unitarianists. Low belived in the power of free trade. It would bring forth progress, equality and prosperity to every nation and race. Great Britain, as the most civilized nation, had the right to intervene in the affairs of the less civilized countries or even colonize them for the betterment of their oppressed citizens. His quest for knowledge is to find facts about the natives for the Company’s political advantages and commercial gains. He believed the scientific methods he employed would certainly bring him to the truth.
The syllabus for the 1970 University of Toronto Ph. D. written comprehensive examination

The attached list of books and monographs served as the syllabus for the 1970 Ph.D. written comprehensive examination in the Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto. This examination is intended to test our Ph.D. students' breadth* of knowledge in Computer Science and is given at the end of his first Ph.D. year. The students are expected to have a basic knowledge in each of the following five areas: Programming Languages, Computer Systems, Numerical Analysis,  This year, the syllabus consisted of 3 6 books or monographs in each area, plus a supplementary list of books in the "General" category. The set of books in each area was chosen to reflect the breadth of the area rather than to give a definitive outline of what the student is expected to know in the area. The students were not expected to have read all chapters of all books but rather to have made an intelligent selection of the material presented. In some areas the student may have had to do some extra reading.
Gravity out of Inertia

An appropriate consideration of the relationship between the concept of relativistic inertial-mass (rest-mass), and the law of four-momentum conservation, leads to a natural two-fold partition of the class of all relativistic collision processes into those which are, in our own terminology, inertially determined processes, and the rest. We find that the ‘inertially determined process’ can be given a geometric representation with a formal structure which suggests that gravitation might be, in effect, a particular case of such a process and therefore a phenomenon of inertia.
Spanish in London: the 'making of presence' in the linguistic landscape

The city of London is widely accepted to be one of the most diverse, interconnected, and multicultural cities in the world: 37% of its population were born overseas, over 300 languages are spoken there (QMUL 2016), and people are attracted from around the globe by its social, cultural, commercial and educational opportunities. It is increasingly common to walk down London’s streets or travel by public transport and to hear Spanish – a global language with its origins elsewhere – being spoken by an estimated population of some 170,000 in the city. The presence of several generations of Spanish migrants has given this community some visibility, whereas contemporary migration from Latin America has until recently been less well noted or researched. As Marquez Reiter and Martin Rojo (2015) point out, Spanish-speakers in London are relatively concentrated in transnational spaces including Elephant & Castle and Seven Sisters, where retail outlets and commercial services reflect this linguistic and ethnic concentration of Spanish-speaking migrants. In this chapter, I build on previous work that predominantly focused on the economic and migratory realities of Spanish-speakers (Block 2008c, Marquez Reiter & Martin Rojo 2015, McIlwaine et al. 2010), and I shift the focus to the visibility of the language that potentially both unites and divides Spanish-speakers in the UK capital. Adopting both ethnographic and linguistic approaches to explore the visual environment in London’s Hispanic transnational urban spaces, I investigate what the linguistic landscape there reveals about the local practices of global migrant communities. How is Spanish used, both symbolically and instrumentally, to signal the presence of migrants? How do the many Spaniards, Latin Americans and other Spanish- speakers carry out a range of social practices in the language? And do linguistic attitudes and practices coalesce with other factors in constructing a so-called ‘Hispanic community’ in London?
Issue of the genesis of recent sediments on the Barents Sea shelf

This paper is a reply to the comment on our two previous publications (Krapivner, 2009a, 2009b) devoted to the genesis of recent sediments on the Barents Sea shelf in (Epshtein et al., 2011a, 2011b). It is substantiated that the physical nature of the reflection of recent sediments in seismoacoustic records, a very important point for the lithofacies analysis, is incorrectly interpreted by the above opponents. The paper presents geochronological and paleomagnetic data confirming invalidity of the popular concepts about the link between the cover of poorly consolidated sediments and the epoch of the last deglaciation. We show incorrectness of the statement of the opponents about the redeposited character of Pliocene-Quaternary marine biota of diamictons and the glacial processing of coarse-clastic material therein. Diverse properties of recent sediments and their topography artificially united into a complex of indicators of the glacial paragenesis are either simply explained in terms of the natural (for the Barents Sea) icemarine sedimentation or attributed to postsedimentary processes during intense neotectonic activity of the Barents Sea shelf.
The sulfophosphovanillin reaction for serum lipids: a reappraisal.

New evidence is presented for the mechanism of this reaction, which is used in estimating lipids. The reaction occurs in two stages: (a) Stage 1 evidently involves an oxidation step, forming a specific type of carbonium ion called an alkenyl cation of the general formula R--C+--C==C--R' (previous evidence had indicated that a carbonium ion of general formula R--C+--R' was formed by protonation only.) (b) Stage 2 of the reaction was examined by nuclear magnetic resonance studies and by partition experiments, which have indicated that a vanillin phosphate ester is not formed as previously suggested. Comparative data from other acid-aldehyde reactions indicate that in this reaction 1,1-di(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)ethylene ion is formed, a product compatible with the formation of an alkenyl cation at stage 1.
Educational Environment for Training Future Engineers for Enterprises of Mining and Metallurgical Complex

The article describes a new approach to the training of bachelors in the field of “Power Engineering and Electrical Engineering”, future engineers of mining and metallurgical complex, as well as the features of business education, the purpose of which is to teach engineers for a particular enterprise. The deep learning approach in the field of future professional activity is applied. The necessary results can be achieved by using modern information technologies in the educational process, such as 3D-modeling, virtual reality, 3D-simulators, cloud technologies. In combination with educational tasks these technologies form an educational environment that is able to form engineering thinking and prepare graduates for solving urgent production problems without additional adaptation at the enterprise.
On the von Staudt-Clausen's theorem associated with q-Genocchi numbers

Recently, the von Staudt-Clausen's theorem for q-Euler numbers was introduced by Kim (2013) andq-Genocchi numbers were constructed by Araci et al. (2013). In this paper, we give the corresponding von Staudt-Clausen's theorem for q-Genocchi numbers and also get the Kummer-type congruence for q-Genocchi numbers.
Chapter 24: Oceans & Fisheries (1950-Present)

The period from the 1950s to the present is a time of key jurisdictional and conceptual changes in the U.S. management of ocean areas and resources; it is also a time of significant practical changes in the ecological health of ocean environments. Conceptually, ocean and coastal resource agencies, such as the Nation Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), and the Minerals Management Service (MMS) have continuously struggled to balance protection of marine environments with economically productive uses of these environments and their considerable resources. What has changed, however, in some cases appreciably, is the practical success of such balancing, especially the extent to which conservation and broader environmental protection were pursued and attained in the face of economic and resource pressures. The nation also experienced important shifts in scientific, managerial, and societal definitions of conservation, with an increasing policy emphasis on a holistic, multispecies, ecosystem-based view of management objectives. Finally, in terms of ocean authority and jurisdiction, contemporary U.S. ocean policy is marked by some notable expansions.
RoboPlanner: autonomous robotic action planning via knowledge graph queries

Autonomous robots are being increasingly integrated into Industry 4.0 manufacturing and retail industries due to the twin advantages of improved throughput and adaptivity. In order to handle complex tasks, the autonomous robots require robust action plans, that can self-adapt to runtime changes. A further requirement is efficient implementation of knowledge bases, that may be queried during planning and execution. In this paper, we propose RoboPlanner, a framework to generate action plans in autonomous robots. In RoboPlanner, we model the knowledge of world models, robotic capabilities and task templates using knowledge property graphs and graph databases. Design time queries and robotic perception are used to enable intelligent action planning, that can adapt at runtime. We demonstrate these solutions on autonomous picker robots deployed in Industry 4.0 warehouses.
The Rise of Energy to the Top of the EU-Russia Agenda: From Interdependence to Dependence?

Over the last decade we have witnessed an increasing politicisation of the energy discourse. Today energy relations of the EU are framed in terms of excessive dependence on Russia, qualifying the latter as a security threat. This article puts forward four criteria to define energy relations in security terms: supply vulnerability of the EU, the absence of Russian demand dependence, the dominance of energy over other capabilities, the willingness to link energy to foreign policy objectives. Little support is found to define the dependence on the import of Russian energy resources as a security issue. An alternative explanation is given, attributing growing energy concerns to shifting identities and perceptions in EU-Russia relations, which have contributed to understanding energy relations in competitive and geopolitical terms. Russia has developed a more assertive energy diplomacy, while in the EU sensitivity over energy dependence has grown as a result of changes on the global energy market and of the 20...
Human rights on the thin red line between universality and relativity

Human rights represent an open legal and political concept with a very wide value variable. Academic discussions on human rights nature have mostly commenced after the World War II during the trend of human rights internationalization, reaching their climax after the Cold war. This paper examines actual theories on human rights, from those accepting them as universal, up to those marking another pole, favoring idea of absolute relativity of human rights. The author asserts that the most acceptable should be a middle solution, standing of moderate relativism or position of relative universalism of human rights. He claims that only a very limited circle of basic, 'substantial' human rights, having been accepted through an intercultural consensus, may pretend to be treated as universal. Out of that narrow sphere, there are many other human rights whose meaning and interpretation depend strongly upon concrete cultural context. The author points that in those cases it is important to respect a relativistic discourse and that the only solution should be explored within an intercultural and inter-civilizational dialogue, where non-western values should be equally treated as the western ones.
The Erasure of Ernest Mancoba: Africa and Europe at the Crossroads

Artist Ernest Mancoba has become, for many scholars, representative of the West’s neglect of Africa. Mancoba left his native South Africa for Paris in 1938 and later became a founding member of the European art movement CoBrA. Yet Mancoba’s relationship to CoBrA has been almost entirely erased from history. This article asks why Mancoba has been excluded from art historical texts on CoBrA, and explores three factors that may have resulted in his exclusion. First, this article argues that Mancoba was marginalised by CoBrA, whose founding ideology would have demanded that they view him as a ‘primitive’ Other. Second, it is likely that Mancoba sought to distinguish himself from the group in order to escape the colonial mentality that drove their artistic inspiration. Finally, the celebration of Mancoba as a pre‐eminent ‘South African artist’ has caused his work to be ghettoised, celebrated as uniquely ‘African’ but denied the possibility of being understood in dialogue not with other African art but...
An introduction to nuclear supersymmetry: A unification scheme for nuclei

The main ideas behind nuclear supersymmetry are presented, starting from the basic concepts of symmetry and the methods of group theory in physics. We propose new, more stringent experimental tests that probe the supersymmetry classification in nuclei and point out that specific correlations should exist for particle transfer intensities among supersyminetric partners. We also discuss possible ways to generalize these ideas to cases where no dynamical symmetries are present. The combination of these theoretical and experimental studies may play a unifying role in nuclear phenomena.