Re-visiting direct $J/\psi$ production at the Fermilab Tevatron
We re-analyze the direct $\jp$ production processes at the Fermilab Tevatron in view of the recent observation at the B-factories, where both $\jp$ inclusive and exclusive production rates are found to be about an order of magnitude larger than the leading order estimates of non-relativistic QCD. The charm quark fragmentation to $\jp$, which is the dominant color-singlet process at high $p_T$, is normalized by the B-factory measurements. The process receives further enhancement due to the charm sea contribution which has so far been ignored in most analyses. After summing up all sub-process contributions, we find that the color-singlet mechanism alone can account for 20% to 90% of the observed direct $\jp$ high $p_T$ production. The polarization rate of the directly produced $\jp$ is sensitive to the fraction of the color-octet contribution, which is employed to fill the gap between the color-singlet prediction and experimental data. With a bigger $K$-factor for the charm quark fragmentation probability, we envisage a smaller matrix element for the color-octet $^3S_1^{(8)}$ state, and this can be examined at the LHC in near future.

title: The X-Ray Absorber in Broad Absorption Line Quasars
abstract: Recent observations of Broad Absorption Line (BAL) quasars demonstrated that the soft X-ray emission of these objects is extremely weak, and convincing evidence for very strong absorption by a high column density (~1023.5 cm-2) was obtained for PG 1411+442, even though it is one of the few BAL QSOs strongly detected in soft X-rays. This paper examines the ionization status and geometry of the X-ray absorber by combining the properties of the UV lines with the X-ray continuum absorption. We show that the gas has to have large column densities in ions of major UV absorption lines, such as C IV, N V, O VI, and Ne VIII, in order to have sufficient opacity around 0.2-0.35 keV. The UV absorption lines have to be saturated if the X-ray absorber intersects the line of sight to the UV continuum emission region. A uniformly covering UV and X-ray absorption model can be constructed for PG 1411+442, but in some other soft X-ray-detected BAL QSOs, such as PG 1001+054, the observed line optical depth is much lower than expected from the X-ray-absorbing material. We propose a scheme in which a substantial fraction of the line of sight to the continuum source may be covered by either an optically thick flow or clouds in a narrow velocity range, but in which the total covering factor of either the whole flow or all clouds is close to unity. The absorber can contribute significantly to the extremely highly ionized emission lines, such as O VI λλ1032/1037 and Ne VIII λλ770/780, if it covers a substantial fraction of solid angle and if the density is higher than 108 cm-3. However, it has very little impact on the medium- and low-ionization UV lines such as N V and C IV. The profiles of Ne VIII and O VI lines may be indicators for the kinematics of the X-ray absorber in QSOs. The observed Ne VIII line profiles in QSOs suggest that the velocity of the gas projected onto our line of sight is similar to that seen in the outflows of the UV BALs.

title: Two-Current-Sheet Reconnection Model of Interdependent Flare and Coronal Mass Ejection
abstract: Time-dependent resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations are carried out to study a flux rope eruption caused by magnetic reconnection with implication in coexistent flare-CME (coronal mass ejection) events. An early result obtained in a recent analysis of double catastrophe of a flux rope system is used as the initial condition, in which an isolated flux rope coexists with two current sheets: a vertical one below and a transverse one above the flux rope. The flux rope erupts when reconnection takes place in the current sheets, and the flux rope dynamics depends on the reconnection sequence in the two current sheets. Three cases are discussed: reconnection occurs (1) simultaneously in the two current sheets, (2) first in the transverse one and then in the vertical one, and (3) in an order opposite that of case 2. Such a two-current-sheet reconnection exhibits characteristics of both magnetic breakout for CME initiation and the standard flare model. We argue that both breakout-like and tether-cutting reconnections could be important for CME eruptions and associated surface activities.

title: Measurement of CC interactions produced by ${}^8$B solar neutrinos at SNO

title: How Saturated Are Absorption Lines in the Broad Absorption Line Quasar PG 1411+442?
abstract: Recently, convincing evidence was found for extremely large X-ray absorption by column densities greater than 1023 cm-2 in broad absorption line quasars. One consequence of this is that any soft X-ray emission from these QSOs would be the scattered light or leaked light from partially covering absorbing material. A detection of the unabsorbed soft X-ray and absorbed hard X-ray component will allow us to determine the total column density as well as the effective covering factor of the absorbing material, which are difficult to obtain from the UV absorption lines. Brinkmann et al. recently showed that both the unabsorbed and absorbed components are detected in the nearby very bright broad absorption line quasar PG 1411+442. In this Letter, we make a further analysis of the broadband X-ray spectrum and the UV spectrum from the Hubble Space Telescope and demonstrate that broad absorption lines are completely saturated at the bottom of absorption troughs.

title: Ionized ultraviolet and soft X-ray absorption in the low-redshift active galactic nucleus PG 1126−041
abstract: We present here the analysis of ultraviolet spectra from IUE and an X-ray spectrum from ROSAT PSPC observations of the X-ray-weak, far-infrared-loud AGN, PG 1126−041 (Mrk 1298). The first UV spectra taken in 1992 June, simultaneously with ROSAT, show strong absorption lines of N v, C iv and Si iv, extending over a velocity range from −1000 to −5000 km s−1 with respect to the corresponding line centre. Our analysis shows that the broad emission-line region (BELR) is, at least partially, covered by the material causing these absorption lines. In the IUE spectrum taken in 1995 January, the continuum was a factor of 2 brighter and the UV absorption lines are found to be considerably weaker than in 1992, but little variation in the emission-line fluxes is found. With UV spectral indices of αUV≃1.82 and 1.46 for the 1992 and 1995 data, the far-UV spectrum is steep. Based on the emission-line ratios and the broad-band spectral energy distribution, we argue that the steepness of the UV spectrum is unlikely to be caused by reddening. 
 
 
 
The soft X-ray emission in the ROSAT band is weak. A simple power-law model yields a very poor fit with a UV-to-X-ray spectral index αUVX=2.3. Highly ionized (warm) absorption is suggested by the ROSAT data. After correcting for a warm absorber, the optical to X-ray spectral slope is close to the average of αUVX≃1.67 for radio-quiet quasars. 
 
 
 
From photoionization calculations we find the following results. (1) A single-zone absorption model cannot explain simultaneously the UV absorption lines and the ionized X-ray absorption if metal abundances are solar. Furthermore, in order to be consistent with the equivalent width of the observed Lyα absorption line, the turbulent velocity of the warm absorber must be less than 190 km s−1, which imposes serious constraints on a disc wind model. (2) The UV absorption lines and their variability cannot be explained by a single-zone model with solar abundances and the large variability in the absorption lines suggests that C iv and N v absorption lines are not severely saturated. (3) The absorption of the ionizing continuum by warm material strongly affects the emission-line spectrum.

title: Triggering on Long-Lived Neutral Particles in the ATLAS Detector
abstract: Neutral particles with long decay paths that decay to many-particle final states represent, from an experimental point of view, a challenge both for the trigger and for the reconstruction capabilities of the ATLAS apparatus. The Hidden Valley scenario serves as an excellent setting for the purpose of exploring the challenges to the trigger posed by long-lived particles.

title: Next-to-Leading-Order QCD corrections to $J/\psi (\upsilon) + \gamma$ production at the LHC
abstract: In this work, we calculate the next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD corrections to the process $p+p \to J/\psi + \gamma$ via the color-singlet mechanism at the LHC. The results show that the partial cross section ($p_t^{J/\psi}>$3GeV and $|y^{J/\psi,\gamma}|<$3) is enhanced by a factor of about 2.0, and the differential cross section can be enhanced by two orders of magnitude in the large transverse momentum region of $J/\psi$. Furthermore, the polarization of $J/\psi$ changes from transverse polarization at leading-order to longitudinal polarization at NLO. For the inclusive $J/\psi$ hadroproduction, it is known that the color-octet contributions are one order of magnitude larger than the color-singlet contribution, and the polarization distribution is dominated by the color-octet behavior at NLO. In contrast, for $J/\psi+\gamma$ production the color-singlet contribution is of the same order as the color-octet contribution, and the polarization distribution arises from both the color-singlet and color-octet. Therefore, measurements of $J/\psi$ production associated with a direct photon at the hadron collider could be an important supplement to testify the theoretical framework treating with the heavy quarkonium. In addition, an NLO QCD correction to $\Upsilon+\gamma$ production at the LHC is also presented in this paper.

title: Unconventional Fermi surface in two-dimensional systems of Dirac fermions
abstract: At the low energy regime, the decay rate of two-dimensional massless Dirac fermions due to interactions can be written as $\mathrm{Im}\Sigma(\omega) \propto |\omega|^{x}$ at zero temperature. We find that the fermion system has: I) no sharp Fermi surface and no well-defined quasiparticle peak for $0 1$. In the presence of long-range gauge/Coulomb interaction or certain massless boson mode, the system exhibits unusual behavior belonging to class II.

title: VERY LOW MASS STELLAR AND SUBSTELLAR COMPANIONS TO SOLAR-LIKE STARS FROM MARVELS. V. A LOW ECCENTRICITY BROWN DWARF FROM THE DRIEST PART OF THE DESERT, MARVELS-6b
abstract: We describe the discovery of a likely brown dwarf (BD) companion with a minimum mass of 31.7 ± 2.0 M Jup to GSC 03546-01452 from the MARVELS radial velocity survey, which we designate as MARVELS-6b. For reasonable priors, our analysis gives a probability of 72% that MARVELS-6b has a mass below the hydrogen-burning limit of 0.072 M ☉, and thus it is a high-confidence BD companion. It has a moderately long orbital period of  days with a low eccentricity of , and a semi-amplitude of m s–1. Moderate resolution spectroscopy of the host star has determined the following parameters: T eff = 5598 ± 63, log g = 4.44 ± 0.17, and [Fe/H] = +0.40 ± 0.09. Based upon these measurements, GSC 03546-01452 has a probable mass and radius of M * = 1.11 ± 0.11 M ☉ and R * = 1.06 ± 0.23 R ☉ with an age consistent with less than ~6 Gyr at a distance of 219 ± 21 pc from the Sun. Although MARVELS-6b is not observed to transit, we cannot definitively rule out a transiting configuration based on our observations. There is a visual companion detected with Lucky Imaging at 7.''7 from the host star, but our analysis shows that it is not bound to this system. The minimum mass of MARVELS-6b exists at the minimum of the mass functions for both stars and planets, making this a rare object even compared to other BDs. It also exists in an underdense region in both period/eccentricity and metallicity/eccentricity space.

title: Testing the QCD fragmentation mechanism on heavy quarkonium production at LHC
abstract: We calculate the fragmentation function for charm quark into J/psi at the QCD next-to-leading-order (NLO) and find that the produced J/psi is of larger momentum fraction than it is at the leading-order. Based on the fragmentation function and partonic processes calculated at the NLO, the transverse momentum distribution on J/psi hadroproduction associated with a charm c (or \bar{c}) jet are predicted. We find that the distribution is enhanced by a factor of 2.0--3.3 at the NLO as p_t increased from 10 GeV to 100 GeV and it is measurable at the LHC with charm tagger. The measurement at the LHC will supply a first chance to directly test the QCD fragmentation mechanism on heavy quarkonium production where the fragmentation function is calculable in perturbative QCD. It is also applied to J/psi (Upsilon) production in the decay of Z^0 (top quark).