Damping antennas for spurious RF-modes in electron-positron storage rings
The maximum beam currents in DORIS were limited mainly by instabilities induced by the rf-cavities. To overcome this difficulty, the higher cavity modes must be damped. Special damping antennas were developed for this purpose.

title: Density of states in the K excitation spectra of solid and liquid lithium
abstract: Photoelectric yield measurements at the Li K edge and in an extended energy range 54-80 eV are presented. The sample temperature was varied in the range 79-480K (the liquid state). The edge consists of a steeply rising part due to the onset of transitions and a more slowly rising part which is interpreted as a rising density of states at the Fermi energy. With rising temperature the edge shifts to higher energy and broadens. Phonon broadening appears to contribute also at 79K to the width while the edge shape is consistent with a threshold exponent alpha 1 approximately=0. The structures in the range 54-80 eV are washed out on melting. These structures are well described by APW calculations by Bross (1973) of the optical density including plasmon damping.

title: LOST POWER INFLUENCE ON THE SYNCHROTRON ACCELERATING GAP. (IN GERMAN)

title: Temperature Dependence of the K Absorption Edge of Lithium
abstract: The shape of the K absorption edge of Li has been measured at 293, 373, 443, and ∼480 K (liquid) by photoyield methods. Unpublished transmission data on the shape of the edge at and below room temperature have been reanalyzed. There is a marked increase of the width of the edge with increasing temperature above 293 K, indicating that the lattice plays a major role in the broadening of the edge.

title: Possibility of event shape selection in relativistic heavy ion collisions
abstract: We investigate the possibility of selecting heavy ion collision events with certain features in the initial state ("event engineering"). Anisotropic flow measurements in heavy ion reactions have confirmed the almost ideal fluid dynamical behaviour of the hot and dense quark gluon plasma state. As a consequence, it is intriguing to pursue the idea of selecting collisions with a certain special initial geometry, e.g., a large ellipsoidal or triangular deformation, by classifying events by the value of their final observed flow coefficients. This procedure could be especially interesting for azimuthally dependent jet energy loss studies. We investigate the correlation between initial state features and final state momentum space anisotropies within an event-by-event hybrid approach. We find that the finite particle number and hadronic rescattering of the final state leads to large event-by-event fluctuations in the observables that could be used to characterize the features of the initial state. This makes event engineering by final state selection difficult.

title: Anisotropic flow in transport + hydrodynamics hybrid approaches
abstract: This contribution to the focus issue covers anisotropic flow in hybrid approaches. The historical development of hybrid approaches and their impact on the interpretation of flow measurements is reviewed. The major ingredients of a hybrid approach and the transition criteria between transport and hydrodynamics are discussed. The results for anisotropic flow in (event-by-event) hybrid approaches are presented. Some hybrid approaches rely on hadronic transport for the late stages for the reaction (so called afterburner) and others employ transport approaches for the early non-equilibrium evolution. In addition, there are ‘full’ hybrid calculations where a fluid evolution is dynamically embedded in a transport simulation. After demonstrating the success of hybrid approaches at high Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and Large Hadron Collider energies, existing hybrid caluclations for collective flow observables at lower beam energies are discussed and remaining challenges outlined.

title: Medium-modified Jets and Initial State Fluctuations as Sources of Charge Correlations Measured at RHIC
abstract: We investigate the contribution of medium-modified jets and initial state fluctuations to the asymmetry in charged particle production with respect to the reaction plane. This asymmetry has been suggested as a compelling signature of the Chiral Magnetic Effect in QCD and make a study of ”conventional” scenarios for the creation of such charged particle multiplicity fluctuations a timely endeavor. The different pathlength combinations of jets through the medium in non-central heavy ion collisions result in finite correlations of like and different charged particles emitted in the different hemispheres. Our calculation is based on combining jet events from YaJEM (Yet another Jet Energy Loss Model) and a bulk medium evolution. It is found that the jet production probabilities are too small to observe this effect. The influence of initial state fluctuations on this observable is explored using an event-by-event (3+1)d hybrid approach that is based on UrQMD (Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics) with an ideal hydrodynamic evolution. In this calculation momentum conservation and elliptic flow are explicitly taken into account. The asymmetries in the initial state are translated to a final state momentum asymmetry by the hydrodynamic flow profile. Dependent on the size of the initial state fluctuations the resulting charged particle asymmetries are in qualitative agreement with the preliminary STAR results. The multi-particle correlation as proposed by the PHENIX collaboration can in principle be used to disentangle the different contributions, however is in practice substantially affected by the procedure to subtract trivial resonance decay contributions.

title: Event-by-Event Observables and Fluctuations
abstract: In this talk the status and open questions of the phenomenological description of all the stages of a heavy ion reaction are highlighted. Special emphasis is put on event-by-event fluctuations and associated observables. The first part is concentrated on high RHIC and LHC energies and the second part reviews the challenges for modeling heavy ion reactions at lower beam energies in a more realistic fashion. Overall, the main conclusion is that sophisticated theoretical dynamical approaches that describe many observables in the same framework are essential for the quantitative understanding of the properties of hot and dense nuclear matter.