Emergent universe in brane world scenario with Schwarzschild–de Sitter bulk
A model of an emergent universe is obtained in brane world. Here the bulk energy is in the form of cosmological constant, while the brane consists of a fluid satisfying an equation of state of the form $${p_{b}=\frac{1}{3}\rho_{b}}$$ , which is effectively a radiation equation of state at high energies. It is shown that with the positive bulk cosmological constant, one of our models represents an emergent universe.

title: Generalized Bekenstein–Hawking system: logarithmic correction
abstract: The present work is a generalization of the recent work  on the modified Hawking temperature on the event horizon. Here the Hawking temperature is generalized by multiplying the modified Hawking temperature by a variable parameter $$\alpha $$α representing the ratio of the growth rate of the apparent horizon to that of event horizon. It is found that both the first and the generalized second law of thermodynamics are valid on the event horizon for any fluid distribution. Subsequently, the Bekenstein entropy is modified on the event horizon and the thermodynamical laws are examined. Finally, an interpretation of the parameters involved is presented.

title: Cosmological evolution across phantom crossing and the nature of the horizons
abstract: Recent observational evidences demand that the universe is going through an accelerating phase and hence in the frame work of Einstein gravity the matter should be exotic in nature. In the present work, we study the evolution of the apparent and event horizons across phantom barrier (a cosmological constant) and examine the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) for the universe bounded by the horizons.

title: Global monopole in higher-dimensional space time
abstract: In this paper, we have studied the higher-dimensional global monopole in general relativity and in Brans-Dicke theory retaining terms of the order 1/r 2 in the energy momentum tensor for a triplet scalar field. Also the gravitational field of the monopole solutions has been considered for different situations.

title: The FAD Cofactor of RebC Shifts to an IN Conformation upon Flavin Reduction†,‡
abstract: RebC is a putative flavin hydroxylase functioning together with RebP to carry out a key step in the biosynthesis of rebeccamycin. To probe the mechanism of flavin-based chemistry in RebC, we solved the structure of RebC with reduced flavin. Upon flavin reduction, the RebC crystal undergoes a change in its unit cell dimension concurrent with a 5 Å movement of the isoalloxazine ring, positioning the flavin ring adjacent to the substrate-binding pocket. Additionally, a disordered helix becomes ordered upon flavin reduction, closing off one side of the substrate-binding pocket. This structure, along with previously reported structures, increases our understanding of the RebC enzyme mechanism, indicating that either the reduction of the flavin itself or binding of substrate is sufficient to drive major conformational changes in RebC to generate a closed active site. Our finding that flavin reduction seals the active site such that substrate cannot enter suggests that our reduced flavin RebC structure is off-pathway and that substrate binding is likely to precede flavin reduction during catalysis. Along with kinetic data presented here, these structures suggest that the first cycle of catalysis in RebC may resemble that of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, with substrate binding promoting flavin reduction.

title: Emergent Universe in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Theory
abstract: In this work, Emergent Universe scenario has been developed in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) theory. The universe is chosen as homogeneous and isotropic FRW model and the matter in the universe has two components—the first one is a perfect fluid with barotropic equation of state p=ωρ (ω, a constant) and the other component is a real or phantom (or tachyonic) scalar field. Various possibilities for the existence of emergent scenario has been discussed and the results are compared with those in Einstein gravity.

title: 7 keV sterile neutrino dark matter in U(1)R-lepton number model
abstract: A bstractWe study the phenomenology of a keV sterile neutrino in a supersymmetric model with U(1)R-lepton number in the light of a very recent observation of an X-ray line signal at around 3.5 keV, detected in the X-ray spectra of Andromeda galaxy and various galaxy clusters including the Perseus galaxy cluster. This model not only provides a small tree level mass to one of the active neutrinos but also renders a suitable warm dark matter candidate in the form of a sterile neutrino with negligible active-sterile mixing. Light neutrino masses and mixing can be explained once one-loop radiative corrections are taken into account. The scalar sector of this model can accommodate a Higgs boson with a mass of ∼125 GeV. In this model gravitino is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) and we also study the cosmological implications of this light gravitino with mass ∼OGeV$$ \sim \mathcal{O}\left(\mathrm{GeV}\right) $$.

title: Probing the neutrino mass hierarchy with the rise time of a supernova burst
abstract: The rise time of a Galactic supernova (SN) bar-nue lightcurve, observable at a high-statistics experiment such as the IceCube Cherenkov detector, can provide a diagnostic tool for the neutrino mass hierarchy at "large" 1-3 leptonic mixing angle theta_13. Thanks to the combination of matter suppression of collective effects at early postbounce times on one hand and the presence of the ordinary Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect in the outer layers of the SN on the other hand, a sufficiently fast rise time on O(100) ms scale is indicative of an inverted mass hierarchy. We investigate results from an extensive set of stellar core-collapse simulations, providing a first exploration of the astrophysical robustness of these features. We find that for all the models analyzed (sharing the same weak interaction microphysics) the rise times for the same hierarchy are similar not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively, with the signals for the two classes of hierarchies significantly separated. We show via Monte Carlo simulations that the two cases should be distinguishable at IceCube for SNe at a typical Galactic distance 99% of the times. Finally, a preliminary survey seems to show that the faster rise time for inverted hierarchy as compared to normal hierarchy is a qualitatively robust feature predicted by several simulation groups. Since the viability of this signature ultimately depends on the quantitative assessment of theoretical/numerical uncertainties, our results motivate an extensive campaign of comparison of different code predictions at early accretion times with implementation of microphysics of comparable sophistication, including effects such like nucleon recoils in weak interactions.

title: An eigenvalue problem in two dimensions for an irregular boundary
abstract: An analytical perturbative method is suggested for solving the Helmholtz equation (∇2 + k2)ψ = 0 in two dimensions where ψ vanishes on an irregular closed curve. We can thus find the energy levels of a quantum mechanical particle confined in an infinitely deep potential well in two dimensions having an irregular boundary or the vibration frequencies of a membrane whose edge is an irregular closed curve. The method is tested by calculating the energy levels for an elliptical and a supercircular boundary and comparing with the results obtained numerically. Further, the phenomenon of level crossing due to shape variation is also discussed.

title: Stability analysis of collective neutrino oscillations in the supernova accretion phase with realistic energy and angle distributions
abstract: We revisit our previous results on the matter suppression of self-induced neutrino flavor conversions during a supernova (SN) accretion phase, performing a linearized stability analysis of the neutrino equations of motion, in the presence of realistic SN density profiles. In our previous numerical study, we used a simplified model based on an isotropic neutrino emission with a single typical energy. Here, we take into account realistic neutrino energy and angle distributions. We find that multi-energy effects have a sub-leading impact in the flavor stability of the SN neutrino fluxes with respect to our previous single-energy results. Conversely, realistic forward-peaked neutrino angular distributions would enhance the matter suppression of the self-induced oscillations with respect to an isotropic neutrino emission. As a result, in our models for iron-core SNe, collective flavor conversions have a negligible impact on the characterization of the observable neutrino signal during the accretion phase. Instead, for a low-mass O-Ne-Mg core SN model, with lower matter density profile and less forward-peaked angular distributions, collective conversions are possible also at early times.

title: Interpreting the bounds on Dark Matter induced muons at Super-Kamiokande in the light of CDMS data