ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE CORES OF RADIO SOURCES AND THEIR EXTENDED RADIO EMISSION
The work in this paper aims at determining the evolution and possible co-evolution of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and their cores via their radio luminosity functions (i.e., total and core RLFs, respectively). Using a large combined sample of 1063 radio-loud AGNs selected at low radio frequency, we investigate the RLF at 408 MHz of steep-spectrum radio sources. Our results support a luminosity-dependent evolution. Using core flux density data of the complete sample 3CRR, we investigate the core RLF at 5.0 GHz. Based on the combined sample with incomplete core flux data, we also estimate the core RLF using a modified factor of completeness. Both results are consistent and show that the comoving number density of radio cores displays a persistent decline with redshift, implying a negative density evolution. We find that the core RLF is obviously different from the total RLF at the 408 MHz band which is mainly contributed by extended lobes, implying that the cores and extended lobes could not be co-evolving at radio emission.

title: Mechanism of very high energy radiation in BL Lacertae object 3C 66A
abstract: Our goal is to understand the nature of blazars and the mechanisms for generating high-energy.-rays, through investigation of the blazar 3C 66A. Methods. We model the high-energy spectrum of 3C 66A, which was observed recently with the Fermi-LAT and VERITAS telescopes. The spectrum has a hard change from the energy range of 0.2-100 GeV to 200-500 GeV in recent almost contemporaneous observations of two telescopes.  The de-absorbed VERITAS spectrum depends strongly on redshift, which is highly uncertain. If z = 0.444 is adopted, we are able to use the SSC model to produce the Fermi-LAT component and the EC model to the VERITAS component. However, if z = 0.1, the intrinsic VERITAS spectrum will be softer, and there will be a smooth link between the Fermi-LAT and VERITAS spectra that can be explained using an SSC model.

title: Emissive mechanism of radio flat spectrum on X-ray binaries
abstract: We present that the radio emission with flat spectrum in X-ray binaries comes from the synchrotron emission of relativistic electrons in the high energy tail of hot electrons in continuous conical jet. The jet is assumed to be produced by the advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) and maintains ion and electron temperatures constant in the case of adiabatic steady conical expansion. The flat spectrum is result of self-absorbed synchrotron emission by relativistic thermal electrons. We find that the critical frequency at which the radiation becomes optically thin declines along the jet. The emission observed at higher frequencies originates at smaller distance, closer to the base of the jet. The highest cut-off frequency of the flat spectrum is at the base of the jet, and is determined by the physics of the ADAF and the position of the jet formation. We assert that it is a characteristic of the ADAF in black hole X-ray binaries that a continuous steady outflow is formed and causes the observed flat spectrum in the low/hard state. The observed synchrotron emission consists of the flat spectral component from the jet and the steep spectral component from the ADAF. The flat spectral component extends from infrared to radio wavelengths, while the steep spectral component with the 2/5 spectral slope extends from infrared to shorter wavelengths, it will be dominated by the thermal emission from companion star.

title: A New Scenario on X-ray Shallow Decay of Gamma-ray Bursts
abstract: In this Letter, we propose that a microphysical process takes a vital role in the shocked region in which the prompt emission of GRBs is emitted. The turbulent energy is included in the internal energy transferred by the kinetic energy of the shock. It dissipates through stochastic acceleration for the electrons to supply the early X-ray emission in the phase of shallow decay. We put the constraints on the time evolution of microphysical parameters. The early X-ray fluxes can be obtained by this scenario and these results are consistent with the Swift observation

title: A NEW RESULT ON THE ORIGIN OF THE EXTRAGALACTIC GAMMA-RAY BACKGROUND
abstract: In this paper, we repeatedly use the method of image stacking to study the origin of the extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB) at GeV bands, and find that the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeters (FIRST) sources undetected by the Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope can contribute about (56 +/- 6)% of the EGB. Because FIRST is a flux-limited sample of radio sources with incompleteness at the faint limit, we consider that point sources, including blazars, non-blazar active galactic nuclei, and starburst galaxies, could produce a much larger fraction of the EGB.

title: Knot in centaurus A: A stochastic magnetic field for diffusive synchrotron radiation?
abstract: The emission of relativistic electrons moving in the random and small-scale magnetic field is presented by diffusive synchrotron radiation (DSR). In this Letter, we revisit the perturbative treatment of DSR. We propose that a random and small-scale magnetic field might be generated by the turbulence. As an example, multiband radiation of the knot in Cen A comes from the electrons with energy gamma(e) similar to 10(3 -) 10(4) in the magnetic field of 10(-3) G. The multiband spectrum of DSR is well determined by the feature of a stochastic magnetic field. These results put strong constraints on the models of particle acceleration.

title: High Gradient Performance of NLC/GLC X-Band Accelerating Structures
abstract: During the past five years, there has been an concerted program at SLAC and KEK to develop accelerator structures that meet the high gradient (65 MV/m) performance requirements for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) and Global Linear Collider (GLC) initiatives. The design that resulted is a 60-cm-long, traveling-wave structure with low group velocity and 150 degree per cell phase advance. It has an average iris size that produces an acceptable short-range wakefield, and dipole mode damping and detuning that adequately suppresses the long-range wakefield. More than eight such structures have operated at a 60 Hz repetition rate over 1000 hours at 65 MV/m with 400 ns long pulses, and have reached breakdown rate levels below the limit for the linear collider. Moreover, the structures are robust in that the rates continue to decrease over time, and if the structures are briefly exposed to air, the rates recover to their low levels within a few days. This paper presents a summary of the results from this program, which effectively ended last August with the selection of ‘cold’ technology for an International Linear Collider (ILC).

title: ESTIMATING BLACK HOLE MASSES IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI USING THE Mg II λ2800 EMISSION LINE
abstract: We investigate the relationship between the linewidths of broad Mg II lambda 2800 and H beta in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to refine them as tools to estimate black hole (BH) masses. We perform a detailed spectral analysis of a large sample of AGNs at intermediate redshifts selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, along with a smaller sample of archival ultraviolet spectra for nearby sources monitored with reverberation mapping (RM). Careful attention is devoted to accurate spectral decomposition, especially in the treatment of narrow-line blending and Fe II contamination. We show that, contrary to popular belief, the velocity width of Mg II tends to be smaller than that of H beta, suggesting that the two species are not cospatial in the broad-line region. Using these findings and recently updated BH mass measurements from RM, we present a new calibration of the empirical prescriptions for estimating virial BH masses for AGNs using the broad Mg II and H beta lines. We show that the BH masses derived from our new formalisms show subtle but important differences compared to some of the mass estimators currently used in the literature.

title: ADVANCED DAMPED DETUNED STRUCTURE (DDS) DEVELOPMENT AT SLAC1
abstract: The first damped detuned accelerator structure, DDS 1, has been built, tested in the ASSET experiment, and installed in the NLCTA. The planning and construction of a series of further structures, incorporating some mod-ifications, is under way. DDS 2, 3, and 4 all incorporate the same basic design as DDS 1. The manifold design for the last 5 ~. of the downstream end of the structure has been modified to accommodate improvements in the manifold loads. Calculations based on the spectral function method indicate, on average, a factor two or better reduction in the long range wake. Modest modifications in the distribution of geometrical detuning parameters along the structure which, according to calculations based on spectral function theory, significantly improve the short range wake will be incorporated in DDS 3 and 4. The basic cell configuration will be redesigned in DDS 5 with the intention of improving shunt impedance as well as incorporating further improvements in the wake. Paper presented at the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

title: Photometric redshift of X-ray sources in the Chandra Deep Field-South
abstract: Based on the photometry of 10 near-ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared bands of the Chandra Deep Field-South, we estimate the photometric redshifts for 342 X-ray sources, which constitute ~99% of all the detected X-ray sources in the field. The models of spectral energy distribution are based on galaxies and a combination of power-law continuum and emission lines. Color information is useful for source classifications: type I active galactic nuclei (AGNs) show nonthermal spectral features that are distinct from galaxies and type II AGNs. The hardness ratio in X-ray and the X-ray-to-optical flux ratio are also useful discriminators. Using rudimentary color separation techniques, we are able to further refine our photometric redshift estimations. Among these sources, 173 have reliable spectroscopic redshifts, which we use to verify the accuracy of photometric redshifts and to modify the model inputs. The average relative dispersion in redshift distribution is ~8%, among the most accurate for photometric surveys. The high reliability of our results is attributable to the high quality and broad coverage of data as well as the applications of several independent methods and a careful evaluation of every source. We apply our redshift estimations to study the effect of redshift on broadband colors and to study the redshift distribution of AGNs. Our results show that both the hardness ratio and U - K color decline with redshift, which may be the result of a K-correction. The number of type II AGNs declines significantly at z > 2 and that of galaxies declines at z > 1. However, the distribution of type I AGNs exhibits less redshift dependence. As well, we observe a significant peak in the redshift distribution at z = 0.6. We demonstrate that our photometric redshift estimation produces a reliable database for the study of X-ray luminosity of galaxies and AGNs.

title: Beam loading compensation in the NLCTA
abstract: In the design of the Next Linear Collider (NLC), multibunch operation is employed to improve efficiency at the cost of substantial beam loading. The RF pulse that powers the accelerator structures will be shaped to compensate for the effect of the transient loading along the bunch train. This scheme has been implemented in the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA), a facility built to test the key accelerator technology of the NLC. In this paper we describe the compensation method, the techniques used to measure the energy variation along the bunch train, and results from tests with NLC-like beam currents.