Parallel Computing for QCD on a Pentium Cluster
Motivated by the computational demands of our research and budgetary constraints which are common to many research institutions, we built a ``poor man's supercomputer'', a cluster of PC nodes which together can perform parallel calculations at a fraction of the price of a commercial supercomputer. We describe the construction, cost, and performance of our cluster.

title: Study of neutron generation from relativistic heavy ion interactions
abstract: Study has been carried out on neutron generation in the interactions of 44 and 18 GeV 12 C with Cu-and Pb-targets. The properties studied include, (1) Relative yields of secondary neutrons generated in 44 GeV versus in 18 GeV 12 C bombardment to Cu target and also to Pb target. The ratios of these are 2.12±0.19 and 2.04±0.15, respectively, which is nearly in consistence with but somewhat larger than the values of theoretical calculations for Cu target. (2) Relative yields of secondary neutrons produced in Pb target versus in Cu target. The ratios obtained are 2.54±0.20 and 2.56±0.20 for 44 GeV and 18 GeV, respectively. More neutrons are generated in Pb target than in Cu target.

title: Investigation of neutron spectrum emitted from 44 GeV 12C+Cu interactions with nuclear emulsion
abstract: The Energy Spectrum of fast neutrons produced in 44 GeV 12 C+Cu interactions has been measured and analysed with nuclear emulsion of 8 cm in length, 2.2 cm in width and 400 μm in thickness made in China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China. The irradiation of the emulsion was carried out at the accelerator SYNCHROPHASOTRON of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. The neutron spectrum was obtained through measuring the recoil protons in emulsion and the track parameters of α particles from interactions of 12 C(n,n′)3α in emulsion. The experimental neutron spectrum was compared with the results of a Monte-Carlo calculation, which shows that the shapes of both neutron spectra are identical within the limits of their statistical accuracy.

title: Microwave Matching and Tuning on the 20-MeV Medical Electron Linac with Feedback of RF Power
abstract: In the linac with feedback (or with the resonator) the reflection affects the energy gain of the electron and the performance of the accelerator. By means of the theory of the traveling wave resonator, the field multiplication factor and the reflection coefficients inside and outside the feedback ring are calculated. The bands of the linacs without and with feedback are measured. In order to achieve a desirable band, in front of the load (i.e. outside the feedback ring) a matching iris is added. After the linac with feedback has been matched, the band is given.

title: Studies of neutron emission from relativistic nuclear interactions
abstract: Studies were carried out on the yields and spatial distributions of secondary neutrons produced in the relativistic nuclear interactions of 1.5 GeV to 14.4 GeV projectiles p, d and α-particles with targets Pb and U/Pb. CR-39 track detectors were used to measure the neutrons. It shows that: (1) Secondary neutrons are produced in the whole length of Pb or U targets having a thickness of 20 cm. The neutron intensities produced by proton bombardments are reduced along the proton beam direction in the targets. The higher the energy of protons, the lower the reduction rate of the neutrons. The reduction rate of neutrons in U target is higher than in Pb target for the same energy of protons. (2) The radial intensities of neutrons decrease as the distance increases from the target central line. (3) The neutron yield in U target by proton bombardments is ∼55% higher than in Pb target. (4) The ratio of neutron yield by 14.4 GeV α to 7.3 GeV d bombardment in Pb target is 1.74 ± 0.20.

title: Further evidences for enhanced nuclear cross-sections observed in 44 GeV carbon ion interactions with copper

title: Nonuniqueness of classical inflationary trajectories on a high-dimensional landscape
abstract: Motivated by the string landscape, the inflationary potential may be high dimensional and complicated. We propose a new way to construct some high-dimensional random potentials, and simulate inflationary dynamics on top of that, for up to 50 dimensions in field space. Especially, random bifurcations of classical inflationary trajectory are studied. It is shown that the bifurcation probability increases as a function of the number of dimensions. Those random bifurcations are not consistent with observations and dramatically limit the parameter space of inflation on a complicated landscape. For example, in 10 dimensions, only $1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\char21{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ of the parameter space volume leads to unique classical trajectories. The rest is ruled out by random bifurcations.

title: SELF-CONSISTENT MODELS OF TRIAXIAL GALAXIES IN MOND GRAVITY
abstract: The Bekenstein-Milgrom gravity theory with a modified Poisson equation is tested here for the existence of triaxial equilibrium solutions. Using the nonnegative least-square method, we show that self-consistent triaxial galaxies exist for baryonic models with a mild density cusp, -->ρ ~ Σ/r. Self-consistency is achieved for a wide range of central concentrations, -->Σ ~ 10-1000 M☉ pc−2, representing low to high surface brightness galaxies. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the orbit superposition technique is fruitful for constructing galaxy models beyond Newtonian gravity, and triaxial cuspy galaxies might exist without the help of cold dark matter.

title: Parallel Supercomputing PC Cluster and Some Physical Results in Lattice QCD
abstract: We describe the construction of a high performance parallel computer composed of PC components, present some physical results for light hadron and hybrid meson masses from lattice QCD. We also show that the smearing technique is very useful for improving the spectrum calculations.

title: Hadron calorimetry in the L3 detector
abstract: The characteristics of the L3 hadron calorimeter as realized in the observation of hadronic jets and other events from e + e − collisions at LEP are presented and discussed. The pattern-recognition algorithm utilizing the fine granulatiry of the calorimeter is described, and the observed overall resolution of 10.2% for hadron jets from Z decay is reported. The use of the calorimeter in providing information on muon energy losses is also noted.

title: Implementation and performance of parallelized elegant
abstract: The program elegant is widely used for design and modeling of linacs for free-electron lasers and energy recovery linacs, as well as storage rings and other applications. As part of a multi-year effort, we have parallelized many aspects of the code, including single-particle dynamics, wakefields, and coherent synchrotron radiation. We report on the approach used for gradual parallelization, which proved very beneficial in getting parallel features into the hands of users quickly. We also report details of parallelization of collective effects. Finally, we discuss performance of the parallelized code in various applications.