The L3+C detector, a unique tool-set to study cosmic rays
L3 detector at the CERN electron–positron collider, LEP, has been employed for the study of cosmic ray muons.The muon spectrometer of L3 consists of a set of high-precision drift chambers installed inside a magnet with avolume of about 1000 m 3 and a ﬁeld of 0:5T: Muon momenta are measured with a resolution of a few percentat 50 GeV: The detector is located under 30 m of overburden. A scintillator air shower array of 54 m by 30 mis installed on the roof of the surface hall above L3 in order to estimate the energy and the core position of theshower associated with a sample of detected muons. Thanks to the unique properties of the L3þC detector, muonresearch topics relevant to various current problems in cosmic ray and particle astrophysics can be studied. r 2002Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.  95.55.Vj; 98.70.Sa; 96.40.Tv; 95.85.RyKeywords: L3+C detector; Cosmic rays; Muon spectrum; Astroparticle physics 1. IntroductionThe L3þ C experiment (Figs. 1 and 2), installedat the Large Electron Positron collider (LEP) atCERN, Geneva, consists of two major parts:ﬁrstly, below ground, the L3 muon spectrometer[1], which is comprised of a large 0:5 T magnetwith a volume of 1000 m

title: Measurements of the line shapes of D anti-D production and the ratio of the production rates of D+ D- and D0 anti-D0 in e+ e- annihilation at psi(3770) resonance
abstract: We report measurements of the line shapes of D + D − , D 0 D ¯ 0 and D D ¯ production as well as the line shape of the ratio of the production rates of D + D − and D 0 D ¯ 0 in e + e − annihilation at ψ ( 3770 ) resonance. We find that the line shapes of D + D − , D 0 D ¯ 0 and D D ¯ production are similar to an anomalous line shape of cross sections for e + e − → hadrons observed in the center-of-mass energy range from 3.70 to 3.87 GeV.

title: First Level Trigger in the GEM Muon System

title: Trigger System of BESIII
abstract: The trigger system of Beijing Spectrometer III, part of the upgrade of Beijing Electron Positron Collider, has been designed and implemented, and is ready for installation. This paper describes briefly the system components, its characteristics, and some technical issues. The system consists mainly of four parts: MDC (drift chamber) tracking subsystem, EMC (electromagnetic calorimeter) subsystem, TOF (time of flight) subsystem and global trigger. Some highlights in designing of this system includes: trigger scheme optimization with software simulation; optical transmission between trigger and FEEs to realize isolation with FEEs to avoid ground loop current interference; designed with most latest FPGA (Xilinx Spartan 3, VirtexII Pro...) for simplicity, high reliability and easy maintenance and hence smaller system; FPGA in-system programming or firmware online downloadable via onboard, panel connector and/or VME bus for modification flexibility during commissioning. Different from the usual fix delay data transmission from FEE to trigger, the RocketIO has been used as SEDES.

title: Measurement of the internal spin structure of the proton
abstract: Our final results of measurements at SLAC of the spin dependent asymmetry in the deep inelastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons by longitudinally polarized protons are presented. Data were obtained at a scattering angle of 10° and for incident energies of 16.2 and 22.7 GeV, which cover the kinematic range 0.18<x<0.70 and 3.5<Q2<10.0 (GeV/c)2. We compare our results with various models of proton spin structure and with the Bjorken and Ellis‐Jaffe sum rules.

title: Experimental measurement of the mass of the tau lepton at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC)

title: Probe of the solar magnetic field using the "cosmic-ray shadow" of the sun.
abstract: We report on a clear solar-cycle variation of the Sun’s shadow in the 10 TeV cosmic-ray flux observed by the Tibet air shower array during a full solar cycle from 1996 to 2009. In order to clarify the physical implications of the observed solar cycle variation, we develop numerical simulations of the Sun’s shadow, using the potential field source surface model and the current sheet source surface (CSSS) model for the coronal magnetic field. We find that the intensity deficit in the simulated Sun’s shadow is very sensitive to the coronal magnetic field structure, and the observed variation of the Sun’s shadow is better reproduced by the CSSS model. This is the first successful attempt to evaluate the coronal magnetic field models by using the Sun’s shadow observed in the TeV cosmic-ray flux.

title: Implications of the AMS-02 positron fraction in cosmic rays
abstract: The AMS-02 collaboration has just released its first result of the cosmic positron fraction e(+)/(e(-) + e(+)) with high precision up to similar to 350 GeV. The AMS-02 result shows the same trend with the previous PAMELA result, which requires extra electron/positron sources on top of the conventional cosmic ray background, either from astrophysical sources or from dark matter annihilation/decay. In this paper we try to figure out the nature of the extra sources by fitting to the AMS-02 e(+)/(e(-) + e(+)) data, as well as the electron and proton spectra by PAMELA and the (e(-) + e(+)) spectrum by Fermi and HESS. We adopt the GALPROP package to calculate the propagation of the Galactic cosmic rays and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler to do the fit. We find that under the conventional assumptions about the background and the extra source of the e(-) + e(+), we cannot fit the AMS-02 and Fermi/HESS data well simultaneously. The AMS-02 data require less electrons/positrons from the extra sources than that required by Fermi/HESS. It may indicate that the model needs to be refined or the data between these experiments have systematic uncertainties. The pulsar scenario generally fits the data better than the DM scenario. Furthermore, the constraints from gamma-rays also disfavor the DM scenario to explain the cosmic ray lepton data.

title: Test of the hadronic interaction models at around *10 TeV with Tibet EAS core data
abstract: A hybrid experiment has been started by ASγ collaboration at Tibet, China, since May 2009, that consists of a burst-detector-grid (YAC, Yangbajing Air shower Core array) and the Tibet air-shower array (Tibet-III). The first step of YAC, called YAC-I, contains 16 detector units and observes high energy electromagnetic particles in air-shower cores within several meters from the shower axis, and Tibet-III array measures the total energy and the arrival direction of air showers. YAC-I is used to check hadronic interaction models currently used for air-shower simulations such as QGSJET,  EPOS etc. through the multi-parameter measurement in air-shower cores. In this paper, we used a data set collected from May 1st 2009 through February 23rd 2010 by the YAC-I. The effective live time used for the present analysis is 169.65 days. The preliminary results of the interaction model checking at *10 TeV energy region is reported in this paper.

title: Highlights from the ARGO-YBJ experiment
abstract: — The ARGO-YBJ experiment is a multipurpose detector exploiting the full coverage approach at very high altitude. The apparatus, in stable data taking since November 2007 with an energy threshold of a few hundreds of GeV and a duty-cycle > 85%, is located at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet, P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l., 606 g/cm). A number of interesting results are available in cosmic ray physics and in gamma-ray astronomy after the first 3 years of stable data taking. In this paper gamma-ray astronomy results are summarized.

title: Detecting the dark matter annihilation at the ground EAS detectors
abstract: In this paper we study the possibility of detecting gamma rays from dark matter annihilation in the subhalos of the Milky Way by the ground based EAS detectors within the frame of the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation we also study the properties of two specific EAS detectors, the ARGO and HAWC, and the sensitivities of these detectors on the detection of dark matter annihilation. We find the ground EAS detectors have the possibility to observe such signals. Conversely if no signal observed we give the constraints on the supersymmetric parameter space, which however depends on the subhalos properties.