PLC and Linux based control system for the CAMD Linac
Louisiana State University Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD) began operations in the fall of 1992. At the time, the facility had separate control systems for the storage ring and Linac. In 1997, CAMD began a control system upgrade project with the goal of producing a single unified control system running on the PC/Linux platform. After completion of the storage ring control system, the Linac control system was designed utilizing AutomationDirect.com PLCs for the real-time components, and PC/Linux for the user interface. The new Linac control system has been completed, and has been operational since July 2002. This paper will discuss the objectives, design, and future upgrade plans for the Linac control system, as well as the experiences with replacing the CGR-MeV VME/OS/9 control system with a PLC/PC/Linux based system.

title: Energetic electrons associated with magnetic reconnection in the magnetic cloud boundary layer.
abstract: Here is reported in situ observation of energetic electrons (∼100-500 keV) associated with magnetic reconnection in the solar wind by the ACE and Wind spacecraft. The properties of this magnetic cloud driving reconnection and the associated energetic electron acceleration problem are discussed. Further analyses indicate that the electric field acceleration and Fermi-type mechanism are two fundamental elements in the electron acceleration processes and the trapping effect of the specific magnetic field configuration maintains the acceleration status that increases the totally gained energy.

title: Dipole and spin-dipole resonances in charge-exchange reactions on 12C.
abstract: The [sup 12]C([ital n],[ital p])[sup 12]B reaction was studied using the white neutron source at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility/Weapon Neutron Research Center with a continuous incident neutron energy from 60 to 260 MeV. Double differential cross sections were measured in the angular range 11[degree][le][theta][sub lab][le]37[degree]. Using the neutron time-of-flight facility at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, we also studied the [sup 12]C([ital p],[ital n])[sup 12]N reaction at [ital E][sub [ital p]]=186 MeV and the [sup 12]C([ital [rvec p]],[ital [rvec n]])[sup 12]N reaction at [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=160 and 186 MeV. Double differential cross sections were measured between [theta][sub lab]=0[degree] and [theta][sub lab]=50[degree] in 5[degree] steps. Spin observables [ital D][sub [ital N][ital N]], [ital A][sub [ital Y]], and [ital P] were measured at [theta][sub lab]=5[degree],9[degree],13[degree] with [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=160 MeV and [theta][sub lab]=15[degree],20[degree] with [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=186 MeV. Angular distributions of differential cross section and spin observables for low-lying transitions in the residual nuclei are compared with disorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) calculations. A multipole decomposition analysis was performed to study the giant dipole and giant spin-dipole resonances. The contributions of the quasifree reaction in the giant resonance region was subtracted. The empirical results ofmore » energy distributions for dipole ([Delta][ital L]=1) transition are compared with DWIA calculations using nuclear structure information obtained with a conventional shell model and also with a random phase approximation.« less

title: Crystallization in the Thin and Ultrathin Films of Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene
abstract: The crystallization of poly(ethylene−vinyl acetate) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films spun-cast from the polymer/toluene solutions with as-cast thickness from 460 to 10 nm was studied. The lamellar thickness was measured using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and found to increase from 14 to 21 nm for films thinner than 100 nm. The morphology of LLDPE measured by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) showed an edge-on lamellae for the films thicker than 30 nm and flat-on lamellae for the films thinner than 15 nm. A pseudo-“shish-kebab” tiny crystal structure was observed in between the larger lamellae. Crystallinity was confirmed using attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The shear modulation force microscopy technique (SMFM) was used to measure the melting point, Tm, which was found to decrease for films thinner than 100 nm. The rate of decrease was a function of the annealing pr...

title: Clarification of the three-body decay of 12C (12.71 MeV).
abstract: Using beta decays of a clean source of 12N produced at the IGISOL facility, we have measured the breakup of the 12C (12.71 MeV) state into three alpha particles with a segmented particle detector setup. The high quality of the data permits solving the question of the breakup mechanism of the 12.71 MeV state, a longstanding problem in few-body nuclear physics. Among existing models, a modified sequential model fits the data best, but systematic deviations indicate that a three-body description is needed.

title: Experimental results of the betatron sum resonance
abstract: The experimental observations of motion near the betatron sum resonance, /spl nusub x/+2/spl nusub z/=13, are presented. A fast quadrupole (Panofsky-style ferrite picture-frame magnet with 8 pulsed power supplies) producing a betatron tune shift of the order of 0.03 at rise time of 1 /spl mu/s was used. This quadrupole was used to produce betatron tunes which jumped past and then crossed back through a betatron sum resonance line. The beam response as function of initial betatron amplitudes were recorded turn by turn. The correlated growth of the action variables, J/sub x/ and J/sub z/, was observed. The phase space plots in the resonance frame reveal the features of particle motion near the nonlinear sum resonance region.<<ETX>>

title: The Daya Bay Experiment and the Discovery of a New Type of Neutrino Oscillation
abstract: We know nowadays that the matter world we live in is made of 12 elementary particles, including 6 quarks, 3 charged leptons and 3 neutrinos. Among them, neutrinos are least known since they do not carry the electric charge and interact with others only weakly (often referred as the nuclear weak interactions). In the Standard Model of particle physics before 1998, neutrinos are considered as massless for simplicity and lack of experimental evidence. However, they are so abundant in the universe that their masses, even if tiny, will have significant impact to the particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology.

title: A MONITORING SYSTEM FOR CSR POWER SUPPLY
abstract: This article elaborated the monitoring system which has applied in the CSR power supply. This system is composed of the hardware and the software. The hardware is composed of PS6040-PXI-18 PXI engine case +PXI-3800 the master controller +PXI-6133 the ADC card. The software uses NI Corporation's LABVIEW to carry on the data demonstration and the analysis. This monitoring system in the CSR debugging, in the acceptance and the running has played the influential role. At the same time, it provided the data for the physical person. This monitoring system has run four years in the CSR. OVERVIEW CSR, a new ion Cooler-Storage-Ring (CSR) project, is the post-acceleration system of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL).  1 show an Overall Layout of HIRFL-CSR. CSR is a multi-purpose CSR system that consists of a main ring (CSRm), an experimental ring (CSRe), and a radioactive beam line (RIBLL II) to connect the two rings. The two existing cyclotrons SFC (K = 69) and SSC (K = 450) of the HIRFL will be used as its injector system. The heavy ion beams with the energy range of 8–30 MeV/u from the HIRFL will be accumulated, cooled and accelerated to the high-energy range of 100–400 MeV/u in the main ring, and then extracted fast to produce RIB or highly charged heavy ions. The secondary beams (RIB or highly charged heavy ions) will be accepted and stored by the experimental ring for many internal-target experiments or high-precision spectroscopy with beam cooling. On the other hand, the beams with the energy range of 100–900 MeV/u will also be extracted from CSRm by using slow extraction or fast extraction for many external-target experiments.

title: Measuring accelerating universe with high-redshift GRBs data and other cosmological probes
abstract: A kinematical model (a parameterized deceleration parameter) and a dynamical model (a parameterized equation of state for dark energy) are constrained from the current observational data including the high-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) data with a redshift range from 1.4 to 9. We obtain the stringent constraint on the values of current deceleration parameter q0, current jerk parameter j0, current equation of state for dark energy w0de and transition redshift zT. In addition, we compare the difference of the constraint results between the kinematical and the dynamical scenarios.

title: A method for calibrating PMTs in T0 system for beam test
abstract: In order to study the performance of MRPC, which will be used for the upgrade of the Endcap TOF in BES III, a T0 system is composed of high speed response PMTs H6533 coupling with BC420 plastic scintillators. Because the T0 system should offer a toughly strict timing start, the high precision electronics based on VME system were used to test the SPS (single-photoelectron spectrum) of H6533 PMT. A suitable operation voltage for optimal performance is confirmed by researching the dependence relationship between the PMT gain and energy resolution of SPS (single-photoelectron spectrum). At the end, the timing resolution of this type of T0 system was 41.6 ps in the cosmic ray test and 39.1 ps in the proto beam test.

title: The Statistics of nearly on axis gravitational lensing events
abstract: A small volume of space, nearly on-axis behind a gravitational lens with respect to a given source, will receive a greatly increased radiation flux. In the idealized case of a point mass lens acting on a point source in complete isolation, the volume will approach zero only as the flux tends to infinity; in fact, the volume weighted rms flux is divergent. In realistic cases, finite source size and the effects of other gravitational deflections (i.e., non-zero shear) limit the maximum flux and considerably complicate the physics, but very large fluxes are still produced in small volumes. We consider the physics and statistics of these Extreme Gravitational Lensing Events (EGLE) and present an initial examination of their possible astrophysical effects for various known and putative populations of lensing objects and sources, with particular attention to the case in which finite source size is important but shear is not.