The Diversity and Similarity of Cold Dark Matter Halos

title: Variational Treatment with the Third Order Corrections for SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory
abstract: The variational method in Lagrangian formalism in lattice gauge theory in cumulant expansion is discussed. For SU(2) pure gauge Wi1son model to the third order corrections we show that there is no phase transition in four dimensions, but there exists the first order phase transition in five dimensions at βC=0.838 in agreement with the Monte Carlo results. The physical meaning of higher order corrections is discussed.

title: Phase‐space structure in the local dark matter distribution and its signature in direct detection experiments
abstract: We study predictions for dark matter phase-space structure near the Sun based on highresolution simulations of six galaxy halos taken from the Aquarius Project. The local DM density distribution is predicted to be remarkably smooth; the density at the Sun differs from the mean over a best-fit ellipsoidal equidensity contour by less than 15% at the 99.9% confidence level. The local velocity distribution is also very smooth, but it differs systematically from a (multivariate) Gaussian distribution. This is not due to th e presence of individual clumps or streams, but to broad features in the velocity modulus and energy distributions that are stable both in space and time and reflect the detailed assembly histo ry of each halo. These features have a significant impact on the signals predicted for WIMP an d axion searches. For example, WIMP recoil rates can deviate by � 10% from those expected from the best-fit multivariate Gaussian models. The axion spectra in our simulations typically peak at lower frequencies than in the case of multivariate Gaussian velocity distribu tions. Also in this case, the spectra show significant imprints of the formation of the halo. Th is implies that once direct DM detection has become routine, features in the detector sign al will allow us to study the dark matter assembly history of the Milky Way. A new field, “dark ma tter astronomy”, will then emerge.

title: Are mergers responsible for universal halo properties
abstract: N-body simulations of cold dark matter (CDM) have shown that, in this hierarchical structure formation model, dark matter halo properties, such as the density profile, the phase-space density profile, the distribution of axial ratio, the distribution of spin parameter and the distribution of internal specific angular momentum, follow 'universal' laws or distributions. Here, we study the properties of the first generation of haloes in a hot dark matter (HDM) dominated universe, as an example of halo formation through monolithic collapse. We find all these universalities to be present in this case also. Halo density profiles are very well fit by the Navarro, Frenk & White profile over two orders of magnitude in mass. The concentration parameter depends on mass as c α M 0.2 , reversing the dependence found in a hierarchical CDM universe. However, the concentration-formation time relation is similar in the two cases: earlier forming haloes tend to be more concentrated than their later forming counterparts. Halo formation histories are also characterized by two phases in the HDM case: an early phase of rapid accretion followed by slower growth. Furthermore, there is no significant difference between the HDM and CDM cases concerning the statistics of other halo properties: the phase-space density profile; the velocity anisotropy profile; the distribution of shape parameters; the distribution of spin parameter and the distribution of internal specific angular momentum are all similar in the two cases. Only substructure content differs dramatically. These results indicate that mergers do not play a pivotal role in establishing the universalities, thus contradicting models which explain them as consequences of mergers.

title: Substructure lensing: Effects of galaxies, globular clusters and satellite streams
abstract: Lensing flux-ratio anomalies have been frequently observed and taken as evidence for the presence of abundant dark matter substructures in lensing galaxies, as predicted by the cold dark matter (CDM) model of cosmogony. In previous work, we examined the cusp-caustic relations of the multiple images of background quasars lensed by galaxy-scale dark matter haloes, using a suite of high-resolution N-body simulations (the Aquarius simulations). In this work, we extend our previous calculations to incorporate both the baryonic and diffuse dark components in lensing haloes. We include in each lensing simulation: (1) a satellite galaxy population derived from a semi-analytic model applied to the Aquarius haloes; (2) an empirical Milky Way globular cluster population and (3) satellite streams (diffuse dark component) identified in the simulations. Accounting for these extra components, we confirm our earlier conclusion that the abundance of intrinsic substructures (dark or bright, bound or diffuse) is not sufficient to explain the observed frequency of cusp-caustic violations in the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey (CLASS). We conclude that the observed effect could be the result of the small number statistics of CLASS, or intergalactic haloes along the line of sight acting as additional sources of lensing flux anomalies. Another possibility is that this discrepancy signals a failure of the CDM model.

title: Lattice SU(2) gauge-Higgs system in analytic treatment
abstract: The phase diagrams of SU(2) gauge-Higgs model with Higgs field of arbitrary length in the fundamental representation in four and five dimension are studied analytically. A method for determining phase transition lines is proposed. All qualitative features of the phase diagram obtained by Monte Carlo simulations are obtained analytically, and the order of phase transitions can be determined definitely.

title: Measurement of electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=8\,\text {TeV}$$s=8TeV
abstract: The purely electroweak (EW) cross section for the production of two jets in association with a Z boson, in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=8\,\text {TeV}$$s=8TeV, is measured using data recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7$$\,\text {fb}^\text {-1}$$fb-1. The electroweak cross section for the $$\ell \ell \mathrm {jj}$$ℓℓjj final state (with $$\ell = \mathrm {e}$$ℓ=e or $$\mu $$μ and j representing the quarks produced in the hard interaction) in the kinematic region defined by $$M_{\ell \ell } >50$$Mℓℓ>50$$\,\text {GeV}$$GeV, $$M_\mathrm {jj} >120$$Mjj>120$$\,\text {GeV}$$GeV, transverse momentum $$p_\mathrm {T j}> 25$$pTj>25$$\,\text {GeV}$$GeV, and pseudorapidity $$|\eta _\mathrm {j} |< 5$$|ηj|<5, is found to be $$\sigma _\mathrm {EW}(\ell \ell \mathrm {jj})=174 \pm 15\,\text {(stat)}\pm 40\,\text {(syst)}\text {\,fb}$$σEW(ℓℓjj)=174±15(stat)±40(syst)\,fb, in agreement with the standard model prediction. The associated jet activity of the selected events is studied, in particular in a signal-enriched region of phase space, and the measurements are found to be in agreement with QCD predictions.

title: Detecting the ambient neutralino dark matter particles at accelerator
abstract: In this work, we present a new strategy to investigate the possibility of direct detection of the ambient neutralino matter at accelerator. We calculate the cross sections for both elastic and inelastic scattering processes of the dark matter particles with the beam particles at $e^+e^-$ and hadron colliders.

title: Observation of $B^+_c \rightarrow J/\psi D_s^+$ and $B^+_c \rightarrow J/\psi D_s^{*+}$ decays
abstract: The decays $B^+_c \rightarrow J/\psi D_s^+$ and $B^+_c \rightarrow J/\psi D_s^{*+}$ are observed for the first time using a dataset, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3$fb^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}$=7 and 8 TeV. The statistical significance for both signals is in excess of 9 standard deviations. The following ratios of branching fractions are measured to be $BR(B^+_c \rightarrow J/\psi D_s^+)/BR(B^+_c \rightarrow J/\psi \pi+) = 2.90 \pm 0.57 \pm 0.24$, $BR(B^+_c \rightarrow J/\psi D_s^{*+}) / BR (B^+_c \rightarrow J/\psi D_s^+) = 2.37 \pm 0.56 \pm 0.10$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The mass of the \Bc meson is measured to be $m_{B^+_c} = 6276.28 \pm 1.44 (stat) \pm 0.36(syst) MeV/c^2$, using the $B^+_c \rightarrow J/\psi D_s^+$ decay mode.

title: EDDINGTON RATIO GOVERNS THE EQUIVALENT WIDTH OF Mg II EMISSION LINE IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
abstract: We have investigated the ensemble regularities of the equivalent widths (EWs) of Mg II lambda 2800 emission line of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), using a uniformly selected sample of 2092 Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars at 0.45 <= z <= 0.8 in the spectroscopic data set of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Fourth Data Release. We find a strong correlation between the EW of Mg II and the AGN Eddington ratio (L/L(Edd)): EW(Mg II) proportional to (L/L(Edd))(-0.4). Furthermore, for AGNs with the same L/L(Edd), their EWs of Mg II show no correlation with luminosity, black hole mass, or line width, and the Mg II line luminosity is proportional to continuum luminosity, as expected by photoionization theory. Our result shows that Mg II EW is not dependent on luminosity, but is solely governed by L/L(Edd).

title: INTERACTING GENERALIZED CHAPLYGIN GAS MODEL WITH HOLOGRAPHIC DARK ENERGY
abstract: In this paper we consider the interacting generalized Chaplygin gas model as a unified scheme, in which the holographic dark energy as the dark energy component interacts with the cold dark matter with wdm = 0. Concretely, we mainly discuss the two kinds of interactions between the dark energy and dark matter, and give the evolution trajectories of density parameter and equation of state of dark energy as well as the decelerate parameter. By analysis, we show that in both cases of Q = 3bHρde and Q = 3bHρGCG, the evolution laws and the present values of Ωde, wde and q are compatible with the astronomical observations, but the effects of the coupling constant and holographic constant on them are completely different.