Generalized space-time noncommutative inflation
We study the noncommutative inflation with a time-dependent noncommutativity between space and time. From the numerical analysis of power law inflation, there are clues that the CMB spectrum indicates a nonconstant noncommutative inflation. Then we extend our treatment to the inflation models with more general noncommutativity and find that the scalar perturbation power spectrum depends sensitively on the time varying of the spacetime noncommutativity. This stringy effect may be probed in the future cosmological observations.

title: Curvaton dynamics and the non-linearity parameters in the curvaton model
abstract: We investigate the curvaton dynamics and the non-linearity parameters in the curvaton model with a potential slightly deviating from the quadratic form in detail. The non-linearity parameter gNL will show up due to the curvaton self-interaction. We also point out that the leading order of the non-quadratic term in the curvaton potential can be negative, for example in the axion-type curvaton model. If a large positive gNL is detected, the axion-type curvaton model will be preferred.

title: CMB statistical anisotropies of classical and quantum origins
abstract: We examine the impact of different anisotropic relics on inflation, in particular the predictions on the density perturbations. These relics can be the source of the large scale anomalies in the cosmic microwave background. There are two different types of background relics, one from the matter sector and the other purely from the metric. Although the angular-dependence of the statistical anisotropy in both cases are degenerate, the scale-dependence are observationally distinctive. In addition, we demonstrate that non-Bunch-Davies vacuum states can extend the statistical anisotropy to much shorter scales, and leave a scale-dependence that is insensitive to the different backgrounds but sensitive to the initial quantum state.

title: Quadra-Spectrum and Quint-Spectrum from Inflation and Curvaton Models
abstract: We calculate the quadra-spectrum and quint-spectrum, corresponding to five and six point correlation functions of the curvature perturbation. For single field inflation with standard kinetic term, the quadra-spectrum and quint-spectrum are small, which are suppressed by slow roll parameters. The calculation can be generalized to multiple fields. When there is no entropy perturbation, the quadra-spectrum and quint-spectrum are suppressed as well. With the presence of entropy perturbation, the quadra-spectrum and quint-spectrum can get boosted. We illustrate this boost in the multi-brid inflation model. For the curvaton scenario, the quadra-spectrum and quint-spectrum are also large in the small r limit. We also calculate representative terms of quadra-spectrum and quint-spectrum for inflation with generalized kinetic terms, and estimate their order of magnitude for quasi-single field inflation.

title: Non-Gaussianity, isocurvature perturbation, gravitational waves, and a no-go theorem for the isocurvaton
abstract: We investigate the isocurvaton model, in which the isocurvature perturbation plays a role in suppressing the curvature perturbation, and large non-Gaussianity and gravitational waves can be produced with no isocurvature perturbation for dark matter. We show that in the slow-roll noninteracting multifield theory, the isocurvaton mechanism cannot be realized. This result can also be generalized to most of the studied models with generalized kinetic terms. We also study the implications for the curvaton model. We show that there is a combined constraint for curvaton on non-Gaussianity, gravitational waves, and isocurvature perturbation. The technique used in this paper can also help to simplify some calculations in the mixed inflaton and curvaton models. We also investigate the possibility of producing large negative non-Gaussianity and nonlocal non-Gaussianity in the curvaton model.

title: Quasi-Single Field Inflation and Non-Gaussianities
abstract: In quasi-single field inflation models, massive isocurvature modes, that are coupled to the inflaton and have mass of order the Hubble parameter, can have nontrivial impacts on density perturbations, especially non-Gaussianities. We study a simple example of quasi-single field inflation in terms of turning inflaton trajectory. Large bispectra with a one-parameter family of novel shapes arise, lying between the well-known local and equilateral shape. The trispectra can also be very large and its magnitude tNL can be much larger than fNL2.

title: CMB Temperature and Matter Power Spectrum in a Decay Vacuum Dark Energy Model
abstract: In this paper, a decay vacuum model $\bar{\rho}_\Lambda=3\sigma M_p^2H_0 H$ is revisited by detailed analysis of background evolution and perturbation equations. We show the imprints on CMB temperature and matter power spectrum from the effective coupling terms between dark sectors by comparing to the standard cosmological constant model and observational data points (WMAP7 and SDSS DR7). We find that the decay vacuum model can describe the expansion rate at late times as well as the standard cosmological constant model but it fails to simultaneously reproduce the observed CMB and matter power spectrum. Its generalization $\bar{\rho}_\Lambda=3M_p^2(\xi_1 H_0 H+\xi_2 H^2)$ is also discussed. Detailed analysis of the background evolution shows that the dimensionless parameter $\xi_{2}$ would be zero to avoid the unnatural 'fine tuning' and to keep the positivity of energy density of dark matter and dark energy in the early epoch.

title: Inhomogeneous and Interacting Vacuum Energy
abstract: Vacuum energy is a simple model for dark energy driving an accelerated expansion of the universe. If the vacuum energy is inhomogeneous in spacetime then it must be interacting. We present the general equations for a spacetime-dependent vacuum energy in cosmology, including inhomogeneous perturbations. We show how any dark energy cosmology can be described by an interacting vacuum+matter. Different models for the interaction can lead to different behaviour (e.g., sound speed for dark energy perturbations) and hence could be distinguished by cosmological observations. As an example we present the cosmic microwave microwave background anisotropies and the matter power spectrum for two different versions of a generalised Chaplygin gas cosmology.

title: The fast light of CsI(Na) crystals
abstract: The responds of different common alkali halide crystals to alpha-rays and gamma-rays are tested in our research. It is found that only CsI(Na) crystals have significantly different waveforms between alpha and gamma scintillations, while others have not this phenomena. It is suggested that the fast light of CsI(Na) crystals arises from the recombination of free electrons with self-trapped holes of the host crystal CsI. Self-absorption limits the emission of fast light of CsI(Tl) and NaI(Tl) crystals.

title: A New Design for ILC 3.2 km Damping Ring Based on FODO Cell
abstract: In this paper, we made a new design for ILC 3.2 km damping ring with 2 arcs based on FODO cell and 2 straight sections which are nearly the same as the new version of the 6.4 km ring DCO4 . This new lattice uses less magnets than DCO4 and less quadrupoles than the present SuperB like lattice , and has a freely tunable momentum compaction factor. The work of lattice design and dynamic aperture study will be presented in detail.  After ILC enter the Technical Design Phase 1 by the end of 2008, the Minimum Machine study  based on RDR baseline was launched as the essential strategy of cost-reduction. The term “minimum machine” which try to redesign the machine does not refer to any definable true minimum, but instead is a euphemism for higher level alternative design concepts which promise significant cost-reduction while maintaining the machine performance. With the new machine parameter, a reduction in the number of bunches by a factor of two allows a reduction by the same factor in the circumference of the damping ring, while keeping the current (bunch spacing) in the rings constant. To first order, this could result in a reduction of the damping rings’ cost by almost a factor of two. However, the actual cost savings will depend on the exact lattice design. The design study of ILC 6 km damping ring has started very early and gone through intense competition. The 6.4 km DCO4 based on FODO arc cell is the final version adopted by RDR baseline in 2008. But for the 3.2 km ring, the study which was started by the end of 2008 seems to be immature. The only existent design for the smaller ring is DSB3 based on SuperB lattice. Considering the advantage of FODO lattice such as smaller number of quadrupoles and sextupoles per cell, freely tuable momentum compaction, and better dynamic aperture, we try to make a new design for the smaller ring using FODO arc cell which can also provide a reference for DSB3 design. We named our new design as DMC1 for convenience. GLOBAL CONSIDERATION AND PARAMETER CALCULATION In our design, we adopted the racetrack structure as the 6.4 km baseline design (DCO4). The layout of our 3.2 km damping ring is shown in Figure 1 with the electron and positron beams counter-rotating in the two rings. The advantage of this kind of structure is that the ————————————— injection and extraction beam lines for e+ and erings can be in the same tunnel. Also, the rf section and wigglers are located near each other in order to minimize cryogenic transfer lines, while the rf section must be upstream to avoid the radiation damage.  Layout of the 3.2 km ILC damping ring. The first parameter should be considered before lattice design is the damping time. ILC damping ring has a very fast damping time (about 25 ms) which is decided by the 5 Hz machine repetition rate. The damping time for a damping ring is given by

title: Hybrid photodiode tube
abstract: We report the first test results on a new breed of light detector based on a photocathode followed by a silicon diode working in the bombarding mode.