Traveling wave structure optimization for the NLC
The JLC/NLC linac must accelerate multi-bunch beams in order to obtain a luminosity >3/spl times/10/sup 34/ cm/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/ at a center of mass energy of 1 TeV. It is essential for the structure design to minimize the long and short-range dipole wakefields to prevent emittance degradation and the beam breakup instability (BBU). In addition, the structures must operate at a high RF gradient to minimize the linac cost. High-power testing of prototype structures at SLAC has shown noticeable damage. The damage is largest in the front of the structure, where the group velocity is high, and there is minimal or no damage at the back end, where the group velocity is low. Theoretical analysis using a simple circuit model suggests using structures with a lower group velocity, on the order of a few percent, would be a way of avoiding damage. For the standard 2/spl pi//3 accelerating mode, it is difficult to lower the group velocity without losing efficiency or increasing the wakefields. With this in mind, we have taken the phase advance as an additional parameter in structure optimization. We found that a low group velocity structure at higher phase advance can maintain high RF efficiency and low wakefields. In this paper, we study the impact of phase advance on structure performance. We then optimize the NLC S-band and X-band structures to meet design requirements.

title: FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES OF THE HIGH GRADIENT ACCELERATOR STRUCTURES AT 100MV/m RANGE
abstract: A CERN-SLAC-KEK collaboration on high gradient X-band structure research has been established in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the CLIC baseline design for the main linac stably operating at more than 100 MV/m loaded accelerating gradient. Several prototype CLIC structures were successfully fabricated and high power tested. They operated at 105 MV/m with a breakdown rate that meets the CLIC linear collider specifications of < 5 x 10{sup -7}/pulse/m. This paper summarizes the fabrication technologies including the mechanical design, precision machining, chemical cleaning, diffusion bonding as well as vacuum baking and all related assembly technologies. Also, the tolerances control, tuning and RF characterization will be discussed.

title: The Development of the Linac Coherent Light Source RF Gun
abstract: The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is the first x-ray laser user facility based upon a free electron laser (FEL). In addition to many other stringent requirements, the LCLS XFEL requires extraordinary beam quality to saturate at 1.5 angstroms within a 100 meter undulator.[1] This new light source is using the last kilometer of the three kilometer linac at SLAC to accelerate the beam to an energy as high as 13.6 GeV and required a new electron gun and injector to produce a very bright beam for acceleration. At the outset of the project it was recognized that existing RF guns had the potential to produce the desired beam but none had demonstrated it. This paper describes the analysis and design improvements of the BNL/SLAC/UCLA s-band gun leading to achievement of the LCLS performance goals.

title: Results from the CLIC X-Band Structure Test Program at NLCTA *
abstract: As part of a SLAC-CERN-KEK collaboration on high gradient X-band structure research, several prototype structures for the CLIC linear collider study have been tested using two of the high power (300 MW) X-band rf stations in the NLCTA facility at SLAC. These structures differ in terms of their fabrication (brazed disks and clamped quadrants), gradient profile (amount by which the gradient increases along the structure, which optimizes efficiency and maximizes sustainable gradient) and HOM damping (use of slots or waveguides to rapidly dissipate dipole mode energy). The CLIC goal in the next few years is to demonstrate the feasibility of a CLIC-ready baseline design and to investigate alternatives that could increase efficiency. This paper summarizes the high gradient test results from NLCTA in support of this effort.

title: Some aspects in accelerator structure studies at SLAC
abstract: Recent progress in the accelerator structure studies at SLAC is reported. This paper covers the room temperature accelerator structures for the ILC e+/e− sources; RF structures for some photon science projects including RF deflectors and the LCLS RF gun; the high gradient accelerator R&D in a global CLIC collaboration for the future multi-TeV linear colliders.

title: High Gradient Performance of NLC/GLC X-Band Accelerating Structures
abstract: During the past five years, there has been an concerted program at SLAC and KEK to develop accelerator structures that meet the high gradient (65 MV/m) performance requirements for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) and Global Linear Collider (GLC) initiatives. The design that resulted is a 60-cm-long, traveling-wave structure with low group velocity and 150 degree per cell phase advance. It has an average iris size that produces an acceptable short-range wakefield, and dipole mode damping and detuning that adequately suppresses the long-range wakefield. More than eight such structures have operated at a 60 Hz repetition rate over 1000 hours at 65 MV/m with 400 ns long pulses, and have reached breakdown rate levels below the limit for the linear collider. Moreover, the structures are robust in that the rates continue to decrease over time, and if the structures are briefly exposed to air, the rates recover to their low levels within a few days. This paper presents a summary of the results from this program, which effectively ended last August with the selection of ‘cold’ technology for an International Linear Collider (ILC).

title: QCD corrections to polarization of J\psi and Upsilon at Tevatron and LHC

title: ${\mathcal O}(\alpha_s v^2)$ correction to $J/\psi$ plus $\eta_c$ production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation at $\sqrt{s}=10.6GeV
abstract: Based on the nonrelativistic QCD factorization approach, ${\mathcal O}(\alpha_s v^2)$ corrections to $\jpsi$ plus $\eta_c$ production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation at $\sqrt{s}=10.6 \gev$ is calculated in this work. The numerical results show that the correction at $\alpha_s v^2$ order is only about a few percent for the total theoretical result. It indicates that the perturbative expansions for the theoretical prediction become convergence and higher order correction will be smaller. The uncertainties from the long-distance matrix elements, renormalization scale and the measurement in experiment are also discussed. Our result is in agreement with previous result in ref .

title: Evidence for gluon interference in hadronic Z decays
abstract: We present evidence for soft gluon interference, as required by QCD. This interference is expected to manifest itself in an angular ordering of the gluons radiated within a jet. Using hadronic decays of the Z boson in the L3 detector at LEP, we compare variables sensitive to such an angular ordering, namely the energy-energy correlation asymmetry and the newly introduced particle-particle correlation asymmetry, with the predictions of various parton shower models. Only those models which incorporate the expected interference agree with the data.

title: RF processing of X band accelerator structures at the NLCTA
abstract: During the initial phase of operation, the linacs of the Next Linear Collider (NLC) will contain roughly 5,000 X-Band accelerator structures that will accelerate beams of electrons and positrons to 250 GeV. These structures will nominally operate at an unloaded gradient of 72 MV/m. As part of the NLC R and D program, several prototype structures have been built and operated at the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) at SLAC. Here, the effect of high gradient operation on the structure performance has been studied. Significant progress was made during the past year after the NLCTA power sources were upgraded to reliably produce the required NLC power levels and beyond. This paper describes the structures, the processing methodology and the observed effects of high gradient operation.