The new model of fitting the spectral energy distributions of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501
The spectral energy distribution (SED) of TeV blazars has a double-humped shape that is usually interpreted as a Synchrotron Self Compton (SSC) model. The one zone SSC model is used broadly but cannot fit the high energy tail of SED very well. It needs a bulk Lorentz factor which is in conflict with the observation. Furthermore, a one zone SSC model cannot explain the entire spectrum. We propose a new model where the high energy emission is produced by the accelerated protons in the blob with a small size and high magnetic field, and the low energy radiation comes from the electrons in the expanded blob. Because the high and low energy photons are not produced at the same time, the requirement of a large Doppler factor from pair production is relaxed. We present the fitting results of the SEDs for Mrk 501 during April 1997 and Mrk 421 during March 2001.

title: Implications of Bulk Velocity Structures in AGN Jets
abstract: Synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models and External Compton (EC) models of AGN jets with continually longitudinal and transverse bulk velocity structures have been constructed. The observed spectra show complex and interesting patterns in different velocity structures and viewing angles. These models were used to calculate the synchrotron and inverse Compton spectra of two typical BL Lac objects (BLO) (Mrk 421 and 0716+714) and (one) Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs) (3C 279), and to discuss the implications of jet bulk velocity structures in a unification of the BLO and FR I radio galaxies (FRI). By calculating the synchrotron spectra and SSC spectra of BL Lac object jets with continually bulk velocity structures, we have found that the spectra are much different from those in jets with a uniform velocity structure under increasing viewing angles. The unification of BLO and FRI is less constrained by the viewing angles, and would be imprinted by velocity structures intrinsic to the jets, themselves. By considering jets with bulk velocity structures constrained by the apparent speed, we discuss the velocity structures imprinted on the observed spectra for different viewing angles. We find that the spectra are greatly impacted by longitudinal velocity structures, because the volume elements are compressed or expanded. Finally, we present the EC spectra of FSRQs and FR II radio galaxies (FRII), and find that they are weakly affected by the velocity structures compared to synchrotron and SSC spectra.

title: ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE CORES OF RADIO SOURCES AND THEIR EXTENDED RADIO EMISSION
abstract: The work in this paper aims at determining the evolution and possible co-evolution of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and their cores via their radio luminosity functions (i.e., total and core RLFs, respectively). Using a large combined sample of 1063 radio-loud AGNs selected at low radio frequency, we investigate the RLF at 408 MHz of steep-spectrum radio sources. Our results support a luminosity-dependent evolution. Using core flux density data of the complete sample 3CRR, we investigate the core RLF at 5.0 GHz. Based on the combined sample with incomplete core flux data, we also estimate the core RLF using a modified factor of completeness. Both results are consistent and show that the comoving number density of radio cores displays a persistent decline with redshift, implying a negative density evolution. We find that the core RLF is obviously different from the total RLF at the 408 MHz band which is mainly contributed by extended lobes, implying that the cores and extended lobes could not be co-evolving at radio emission.

title: A NEW RESULT ON THE ORIGIN OF THE EXTRAGALACTIC GAMMA-RAY BACKGROUND
abstract: In this paper, we repeatedly use the method of image stacking to study the origin of the extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB) at GeV bands, and find that the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeters (FIRST) sources undetected by the Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope can contribute about (56 +/- 6)% of the EGB. Because FIRST is a flux-limited sample of radio sources with incompleteness at the faint limit, we consider that point sources, including blazars, non-blazar active galactic nuclei, and starburst galaxies, could produce a much larger fraction of the EGB.

title: Dependence of low redshift Type Ia Supernovae luminosities on host galaxies
abstract: We study the relation between Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) and properties of their host galaxies using a large sample with low redshift. By examining the Hubble residuals of the entire sample from the best-fit cosmology, we show that SNe Ia in passive hosts are brighter than those in star-forming hosts after light curve correction at the 2.1 sigma confidence level. We find that SNe Ia in high luminosity hosts are brighter after light-curve correction at the > 3 sigma confidence level. We also find that SNe Ia in large galaxies are brighter after light-curve correction at the >= 2 sigma confidence level. We demonstrate that the residuals depend linearly on host luminosity at a confidence of 4 sigma or host size at a confidence of 3.3 sigma

title: Emissive mechanism of radio flat spectrum on X-ray binaries
abstract: We present that the radio emission with flat spectrum in X-ray binaries comes from the synchrotron emission of relativistic electrons in the high energy tail of hot electrons in continuous conical jet. The jet is assumed to be produced by the advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) and maintains ion and electron temperatures constant in the case of adiabatic steady conical expansion. The flat spectrum is result of self-absorbed synchrotron emission by relativistic thermal electrons. We find that the critical frequency at which the radiation becomes optically thin declines along the jet. The emission observed at higher frequencies originates at smaller distance, closer to the base of the jet. The highest cut-off frequency of the flat spectrum is at the base of the jet, and is determined by the physics of the ADAF and the position of the jet formation. We assert that it is a characteristic of the ADAF in black hole X-ray binaries that a continuous steady outflow is formed and causes the observed flat spectrum in the low/hard state. The observed synchrotron emission consists of the flat spectral component from the jet and the steep spectral component from the ADAF. The flat spectral component extends from infrared to radio wavelengths, while the steep spectral component with the 2/5 spectral slope extends from infrared to shorter wavelengths, it will be dominated by the thermal emission from companion star.

title: Search for supersymmetry in events with b-quark jets and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at 7 TeV
abstract: Results are presented from a search for physics beyond the standard model based on events with large missing transverse energy, at least three jets, and at least one, two, or three b-quark jets. The study is performed using a sample of proton-proton collision data collected at sqrt(s)=7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2011, with the missing transverse energy distribution as the principal search variable. The integrated luminosity of the sample is 4.98 inverse femtobarns. The observed number of events is found to be consistent with the standard model expectation, which is evaluated using control samples in the data. The results are used to constrain cross sections for the production of supersymmetric particles decaying to b-quark-enriched final states in the context of simplified model spectra.

title: Constraining broad-line regions from time lags of broad emission lines relative to radio emission
abstract: In this paper, a new method is proposed to estimate the broad-line region sizes of ultraviolet (UV) lines RuvBLR. It is applied to 3C 273. First, we derive the time lags of radio emission relative to broad emission lines Lya and C iv by the z-transformed discrete correlation function (ZDCF) method. The broad lines lag the 5-, 8-, 15-, 22- and 37-GHz emission. The measured lags tuvob are of the order of years. For a given line, tuvob decreases as the radio frequency increases. This trend results from the radiative cooling of relativistic electrons. Both UV lines have a lag of tuvob=-2.74+0.06- 0.25 yr relative to the 37-GHz emission. These results are consistent with those derived from the Balmer lines in Paper I. Secondly, we derive the time lags of the lines Lya, C iv, H, H beta and Ha relative to the 37-GHz emission by the flux randomization/random subset selection (FR/RSS) Monte Carlo method. The measured lags are tob=-3.40+0.31- 0.05, -3.40+0.41- 0.14, -2.06+0.36- 0.92, -3.40+1.15- 0.20 and -3.56+0.35- 0.18 yr for the lines Lya, C iv, H, H beta and Ha, respectively. These estimated lags are consistent with those derived by the ZDCF method within the uncertainties. Based on the new method, we derive RuvBLR= 2.54+0.71- 0.35 to 4.01+0.90- 1.16 and 2.54+0.80- 0.43 to 4.01+0.98- 1.24 light-years for the Lya and C iv lines, respectively. Considering the uncertainties, these estimated sizes are consistent with those obtained in the classical reverberation mapping for the UV and the Balmer lines. This indicates that their emitting regions are not separated so large as in the classical mapping of the UV and optical lines. These results seem to depart from the stratified ionization structures obtained in the classical mapping.

title: One-loop helicity amplitudes for top quark pair production in Randall-Sundrum model
abstract: In this paper, we show how to calculate analytically the one-loop helicity amplitudes for the process $ q\bar{q} \to t\bar{t} $ induced by KK gluon, using the spinor helicity formalism. A minimal set of Feynman rules which are uniquely fixed by gauge invariance and the color representation of the KK gluon are derived and used in the calculation. Our results can be applied to a variety of models containing a massive color octet vector boson.

title: Search for new physics in events with photons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV
abstract: A bstractA search for physics beyond the standard model involving events with one or more photons, jets, and missing transverse energy has been performed by the CMS experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.93 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV, produced at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess of events with large missing transverse energy is observed beyond expectations from standard model processes, and upper limits on the signal production cross sections for new physics processes are set at the 95% confidence level. The results of this search are interpreted in the context of three models of new physics: a general model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking, Simplified Models, and a theory involving universal extra dimensions. In the absence of evidence for new physics, exclusion regions are derived in the parameter spaces of the respective models.

title: Measurement of the single-top-quark t-channel cross section in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV
abstract: A bstractA measurement of the single-top-quark t-channel production cross section in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC is presented. Two different and complementary approaches have been followed. The first approach exploits the distributions of the pseudorapidity of the recoil jet and reconstructed top-quark mass using background estimates determined from control samples in data. The second approach is based on multivariate analysis techniques that probe the compatibility of the candidate events with the signal. Data have been collected for the muon and electron final states, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.17 and 1.56 fb−1, respectively. The single-top-quark production cross section in the t-channel is measured to be 67.2±6.1 pb, in agreement with the approximate next-to-next-to-leading-order standard model prediction. Using the standard model electroweak couplings, the CKM matrix element |Vtb| is measured to be 1.020 ± 0.046 (meas.) ± 0.017 (theor.).