Parallel Computing on a PC Cluster
The tremendous advance in computer technology in the past decade has made it possible to achieve the performance of a supercomputer on a very small budget. We have built a multi-CPU cluster of Pentium PC capable of parallel computations using the Message Passing Interface (MPI). We will discuss the configuration, performance, and application of the cluster to our work in physics.

title: Investigation of neutron spectrum emitted from 44 GeV 12C+Cu interactions with nuclear emulsion
abstract: The Energy Spectrum of fast neutrons produced in 44 GeV 12 C+Cu interactions has been measured and analysed with nuclear emulsion of 8 cm in length, 2.2 cm in width and 400 μm in thickness made in China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China. The irradiation of the emulsion was carried out at the accelerator SYNCHROPHASOTRON of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. The neutron spectrum was obtained through measuring the recoil protons in emulsion and the track parameters of α particles from interactions of 12 C(n,n′)3α in emulsion. The experimental neutron spectrum was compared with the results of a Monte-Carlo calculation, which shows that the shapes of both neutron spectra are identical within the limits of their statistical accuracy.

title: Study of neutron generation from relativistic heavy ion interactions
abstract: Study has been carried out on neutron generation in the interactions of 44 and 18 GeV 12 C with Cu-and Pb-targets. The properties studied include, (1) Relative yields of secondary neutrons generated in 44 GeV versus in 18 GeV 12 C bombardment to Cu target and also to Pb target. The ratios of these are 2.12±0.19 and 2.04±0.15, respectively, which is nearly in consistence with but somewhat larger than the values of theoretical calculations for Cu target. (2) Relative yields of secondary neutrons produced in Pb target versus in Cu target. The ratios obtained are 2.54±0.20 and 2.56±0.20 for 44 GeV and 18 GeV, respectively. More neutrons are generated in Pb target than in Cu target.

title: Development of a high power 1.2 MW CW L-band klystron
abstract: The high power CW L-band klystron has been developed as the RF source of the PNC high power CW electron linac (10 MeV, 100 mA). CW power of 1.2 MW at 1.249135 GHz and efficiencies over 65% were the design goals. RF analysis of the windows using high-frequency simulation codes provided information about power loss distribution in the ceramic and optimizing properties of the RF structure. The prototype klystron window was replaced with a long pill-box type beryllia window as a result of the simulation and hardware tests. The klystron has reached CW power of 885 kW with efficiency above 45%. This paper describes key points of the designs and results of the high power RF tests.

title: Further evidences for enhanced nuclear cross-sections observed in 44 GeV carbon ion interactions with copper

title: Studies of neutron emission from relativistic nuclear interactions
abstract: Studies were carried out on the yields and spatial distributions of secondary neutrons produced in the relativistic nuclear interactions of 1.5 GeV to 14.4 GeV projectiles p, d and α-particles with targets Pb and U/Pb. CR-39 track detectors were used to measure the neutrons. It shows that: (1) Secondary neutrons are produced in the whole length of Pb or U targets having a thickness of 20 cm. The neutron intensities produced by proton bombardments are reduced along the proton beam direction in the targets. The higher the energy of protons, the lower the reduction rate of the neutrons. The reduction rate of neutrons in U target is higher than in Pb target for the same energy of protons. (2) The radial intensities of neutrons decrease as the distance increases from the target central line. (3) The neutron yield in U target by proton bombardments is ∼55% higher than in Pb target. (4) The ratio of neutron yield by 14.4 GeV α to 7.3 GeV d bombardment in Pb target is 1.74 ± 0.20.

title: High resolution deep imaging of a bright radio quiet QSO at z～3
abstract: We have obtained deep J and Ks-band images centered on a bright radio quiet QSO UM 402(zem= 2.856) using the IRCS camera and adaptive optics systems that are part of the Subaru Telescope, as well as retrieved WFC3/F140 W archive images of this object. A faint galaxy(mk= 23.32 ± 0.05 in the Vega magnitude system)that lies ～ 2.4′′north of the QSO sightline has been clearly resolved in all three deep high resolution datasets, and appears as an irregular galaxy with two close components in the Ks-band images(separation ～ 0.3′′). Given the small impact parameter(b = 19.6 kpc, at zlls= 2.531), as well as the red color of(J- K s)Vega～ 1.6,it might be a candidate galaxy giving rise to the Lyman Limit system absorption at zabs= 2.531 seen in the QSO spectrum. After carefully subtracting the point spread function from the QSO images, the host galaxy of this bright radio quiet QSO at z ～ 3was marginally revealed. We placed a lower limit on the host component of mk～ 23.3according to our analyses.

title: TRACKING PARTICLES THROUGH A GENERAL MAGNETIC FIELD
abstract: A method that tracks particles directly through a general magneticfielddescribedina 3Dfield tablewasaddedto the code elegantrecently. It was realized by convertingan arbitrary particle’s motion to a combination of free-drift motion and centripetal motion through the coordinate system rotation and using a general linear interpolation tool developed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). This method has been tested by tracking particles through conventional magnetic elements (dipole, sextupole, etc.) to verify reference coordinate system conversions, tracking accuracy, and long-term tracking stability. Results show a very good agreement between this new method and the traditional method. This method is not designed to replace mature traditional methods that have been used in most tracking codes. Rather, it is useful for magnets with complicated field profiles or for studying edge effects.

title: Determination of the linear coupling resonance strength using 2D invariant Tori
abstract: Experimentally obtained Poincare maps in the resonant precessing frame for particle motion with linear coupling revealed invariant tori of the 2D Hamiltonian. Using these tori, we obtained the linear coupling strength, the tune shift with betatron amplitude coefficient and the proximity parameter to the resonance. The coupling strengh obtained with this method agreed well with that obtained from measuring the betatron tune separation of the normal modes.

title: HIGH PERFORMANCE PARALLEL COMPUTER FROM COMMODITY PC COMPONENTS

title: Parallel Supercomputing PC Cluster and Some Physical Results in Lattice QCD
abstract: We describe the construction of a high performance parallel computer composed of PC components, present some physical results for light hadron and hybrid meson masses from lattice QCD. We also show that the smearing technique is very useful for improving the spectrum calculations.