Abnormal radiological features in a multiple myeloma patient: a case report and radiological review of myelomas.
Multiple myeloma is the prototype of malignant monoclonal gammopathies. The most common skeletal sites are pelvis, skull, spine, ribs and femoral and humeral shafts. The classic radiographic presentation of multiple myeloma is lytic skeletal lesions. Other types of presentation include sclerotic and porotic changes. Primary sclerotic manifestations are rare and occur in only 3% of cases. Although exceptional, multiple myeloma must be borne in mind in the presence of bone sclerosis. This report presents a patient with multiple myeloma with a sunburst/hair-on-end pattern on the radiograph and sclerotic skeletal lesions.

title: Report of a new syndrome: focus on differential diagnosis and review of Ellis-van Creveld, Curry-Hall, acrofacial dysostosis, and orofacial digital syndromes.
abstract: Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) and Curry-Hall (CH) syndromes are rare syndromes that occur due to mutations of genes mapped to the chromosome 4p16 region. Hence, they both have few features that are common. The dental literature describing the oral manifestations and etiology of both syndromes is scarce. We report a case of a 7-year-old girl who appeared with features that are common to both syndromes, as well as with other features such as reduced cranial base flexure and toes of equal length with skeletal changes that have not been mentioned or described in earlier reports. The patient possibly represents a new syndromic entity that has not been reported until now. Further, we present a review of various other similar syndromes, such as various types of orofacial digital (OFD) syndrome and acrofacial dysostosis.

title: Macrophage cholesteryl ester mobilization and atherosclerosis.
abstract: Accumulation of cholesteryl esters (CE) stored as cytoplasmic lipid droplets is the main characteristic of macrophage foam cells that are central to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Since only unesterified or free cholesterol (FC) can be effluxed from the cells to extracellular cholesterol acceptors, hydrolysis of CE is the obligatory first step in CE mobilization from macrophages. This reaction, catalyzed by neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH), is increasingly being recognized as the rate-limiting step in FC efflux. CEH, therefore, regulates the process of reverse cholesterol transport and ultimate elimination of cholesterol from the body. In this review, we summarize the earlier controversies surrounding the identity of CEH in macrophages, discuss the characteristics of the various candidates recognized to date and examine their role in mobilizing cellular CE and thus regulating atherogenesis. In addition, physiological requirements to hydrolyze lipid droplet-associated substrate and complexities of interfacial catalysis are also discussed to emphasize the importance of evaluating the biochemical characteristics of candidate enzymes that may be targeted in the future to attenuate atherosclerosis.

title: Fatal Morganella morganii bacteraemia in a diabetic patient with gas gangrene.
abstract: We report a case of a 60-year-old lady with a history of a heel ulcer that had not responded to antibiotic therapy. This progressed to involve the right leg, which was swollen and erythematous. Radiological imaging revealed the presence of gas within the fascial planes. Blood cultures on admission yielded Morganella morganii. Due to the extent of the gas gangrene and her co-morbidities the patient was not suitable for surgical intervention and was treated conservatively with antibiotics. She deteriorated and died within 72 h of presentation. Non-clostridial gas gangrene is relatively rare, and diagnosis is frequently delayed and often missed. Early aggressive surgical intervention combined with appropriate antibiotic therapy is essential. Bacterial species other than Clostridium should be considered in all cases of gas gangrene.

title: Laboratory rearing of Theileria annulata-free Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks
abstract: Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum is a three-host tick which transmits Theileria annulata infection in Indian cattle. Laboratory rearing of ixodid ticks is an essential requirement of any laboratory engaged with research on ticks and tick borne diseases. The Entomology laboratory of Indian Veterinary Research Institute is fully equipped with all the facilities and skilled manpower to maintain a homogenous H. a. anatolicum population throughout the year. The continuous supply of eggs, larvae and adults of H. a. anatolicum is maintained to meet out the demand of different experiments viz., preparation of tick antigens for immunization of animals, experimental challenge, isolation of genomic DNA and RNA. Maintenance of a H. a. anatolicum colony free of T. annulata infection is imperative for the experimental challenge infestation on cross-bred (Bos indicus × B. taurus) calves, in order to prevent the transmission of T. annulata infection to the experimental animals. A system has been developed in the laboratory in which the larvae of H. a. anatolicum were fed on New Zealand white rabbits and the dropped fed nymphs molted to adults are fed on cross-bred calves free of T. annulata infection. This synthetic cycle prevents the transstadial transmission of T. annulata as the rabbits are unsusceptible to T. annulata infection and only the adults were fed on cross-bred animals. Moreover, absence of transovarial transmission of T. annulata prevents the chance of carry over infection to experimental animals in the next cycle.

title: The Deinococcus radiodurans-encoded HU protein has two DNA-binding domains.
abstract: Deinococcus radiodurans can reconstitute its genome from double-strand breaks, most likely due to unusually efficient DNA repair and recombination. Factors that may contribute to such processes include the histone-like protein HU. The D. radiodurans-encoded HU (DrHU), which binds preferentially to DNA recombination intermediates, contains a 47-amino acid extension preceding the fold characteristic of HU proteins. Here we use electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNA footprinting to show that the DrHU N-terminal domain significantly modulates DNA binding. The truncated DrHU (deltaDrHU), comprising only the conserved DNA-binding fold, has a site size of approximately 11 bp in contrast to full-length DrHU which does not stably engage DNA shorter than approximately 50 bp. Unlike wild-type DrHU, deltaDrHU distinguishes between linear DNA and DNA with nicks or gaps. DeltaDrHU also binds preferentially to four-way junction (4WJ) DNA, with half-maximal saturation of 1.4 +/- 0.4 nM compared to 20 +/- 2 nM for 37 bp duplex DNA. However, in contrast to full-length protein which binds the junction arms, deltaDrHU primarily protects the junction crossover. Evidently, the DrHU N-terminus changes the mode of binding to both 4WJ DNA, duplex DNA, and DNA with nicks or gaps, thereby resulting in DrHU binding preferentially only to 4WJ structures. Combined with Western blots that confirm the presence of the extended form of DrHU in vivo, our data provide mechanistic insight into discrimination between 4WJ DNA and other distorted DNA constructs and suggest that an in vivo role of DrHU may be to stabilize DNA junctions.

title: Inadvertent intracorneal injection of local anesthetic during lid surgery.
abstract: To report a case of inadvertent intracorneal injection of anesthetic agents during lid anesthesia and corneal penetration without full-thickness perforation.



Case report.



Corneal edema with acute loss of vision was noted. The patient was treated with topical, antibiotic, cycloplegic, hyperosmotic agent and lubricant. While the edema slowly subsided, a loss in endothelial cell count was noted.



The effects of intracorneal injection of lignocaine, bupivacaine, and its preservatives have not previously been reported in the literature. A lower postinjection endothelial cell count and associated clinical features in our case indicate that endothelial toxicity occurred. This potential complication should be kept in mind with necessary precautions taken during injection of the eyelid, particularly in cases with preexisting lid laxity.