A NEW RESULT ON THE ORIGIN OF THE EXTRAGALACTIC GAMMA-RAY BACKGROUND
In this paper, we repeatedly use the method of image stacking to study the origin of the extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB) at GeV bands, and find that the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeters (FIRST) sources undetected by the Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope can contribute about (56 +/- 6)% of the EGB. Because FIRST is a flux-limited sample of radio sources with incompleteness at the faint limit, we consider that point sources, including blazars, non-blazar active galactic nuclei, and starburst galaxies, could produce a much larger fraction of the EGB.

title: Implications of Bulk Velocity Structures in AGN Jets
abstract: Synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models and External Compton (EC) models of AGN jets with continually longitudinal and transverse bulk velocity structures have been constructed. The observed spectra show complex and interesting patterns in different velocity structures and viewing angles. These models were used to calculate the synchrotron and inverse Compton spectra of two typical BL Lac objects (BLO) (Mrk 421 and 0716+714) and (one) Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs) (3C 279), and to discuss the implications of jet bulk velocity structures in a unification of the BLO and FR I radio galaxies (FRI). By calculating the synchrotron spectra and SSC spectra of BL Lac object jets with continually bulk velocity structures, we have found that the spectra are much different from those in jets with a uniform velocity structure under increasing viewing angles. The unification of BLO and FRI is less constrained by the viewing angles, and would be imprinted by velocity structures intrinsic to the jets, themselves. By considering jets with bulk velocity structures constrained by the apparent speed, we discuss the velocity structures imprinted on the observed spectra for different viewing angles. We find that the spectra are greatly impacted by longitudinal velocity structures, because the volume elements are compressed or expanded. Finally, we present the EC spectra of FSRQs and FR II radio galaxies (FRII), and find that they are weakly affected by the velocity structures compared to synchrotron and SSC spectra.

title: Knot in centaurus A: A stochastic magnetic field for diffusive synchrotron radiation?
abstract: The emission of relativistic electrons moving in the random and small-scale magnetic field is presented by diffusive synchrotron radiation (DSR). In this Letter, we revisit the perturbative treatment of DSR. We propose that a random and small-scale magnetic field might be generated by the turbulence. As an example, multiband radiation of the knot in Cen A comes from the electrons with energy gamma(e) similar to 10(3 -) 10(4) in the magnetic field of 10(-3) G. The multiband spectrum of DSR is well determined by the feature of a stochastic magnetic field. These results put strong constraints on the models of particle acceleration.

title: Gamma-ray Burst Prompt Emission: Jitter Radiation in Stochastic Magnetic Field Revisited
abstract: We revisit the radiation mechanism of relativistic electrons in the stochastic magnetic field and apply it to the high-energy emissions of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We confirm that jitter radiation is a possible explanation for GRB prompt emission in the condition of a large electron deflection angle. In the turbulent scenario, the radiative spectral property of GRB prompt emission is decided by the kinetic energy spectrum of turbulence. The intensity of the random and small-scale magnetic field is determined by the viscous scale of the turbulent eddy. The microphysical parameters epsilon(e) and epsilon(B) can be obtained. The acceleration and cooling timescales are estimated as well. Due to particle acceleration in magnetized filamentary turbulence, the maximum energy released from the relativistic electrons can reach a value of about 10(14) eV. The GeV GRBs are possible sources of high-energy cosmic-ray.

title: Mechanism of very high energy radiation in BL Lacertae object 3C 66A
abstract: Our goal is to understand the nature of blazars and the mechanisms for generating high-energy.-rays, through investigation of the blazar 3C 66A. Methods. We model the high-energy spectrum of 3C 66A, which was observed recently with the Fermi-LAT and VERITAS telescopes. The spectrum has a hard change from the energy range of 0.2-100 GeV to 200-500 GeV in recent almost contemporaneous observations of two telescopes.  The de-absorbed VERITAS spectrum depends strongly on redshift, which is highly uncertain. If z = 0.444 is adopted, we are able to use the SSC model to produce the Fermi-LAT component and the EC model to the VERITAS component. However, if z = 0.1, the intrinsic VERITAS spectrum will be softer, and there will be a smooth link between the Fermi-LAT and VERITAS spectra that can be explained using an SSC model.

title: The Mass Distribution of Black Holes in BL Lacertae Objects
abstract: In this {\it Letter}, we make an attempt to estimate the masses of black holes and their distributions in BL Lac objects. We find there is a bimodal population of black hole masses in BL Lacs: the first has a lower-mass peak centred at $\sim 7.0 \times 10^6\sunm$ composed of high frequency-peaked BL Lacs (HBLs) and the second is a higher-mass ($>10^9\sunm$) population composed of low frequency-peaked BL Lacs (LBLs). The low mass family of black holes in HBLs does not satisfy the Magorrian et al. relation whereas the high mass family in LBLs does this relation and is in agreement with Laor's limit. The origination of the bimodal distribution of black hole mass remains open.

title: The 2009 outburst from the new X-ray transient and black-hole candidate XTE J1652-453
abstract: We analyse the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and Swift observations of the 2009 outburst from a newly discovered transient and black hole candidate XTE J1652-453. The behaviour of the source was observed by RXTE to be a sequence of spectral states that are typical of black-hole X-ray binaries. During the first seven observations, it is determined that the source remains in a high/soft state. This is determined from the spectrum that is dominated by a soft thermal component, which contributes an average of similar to 85 per cent to the X-ray flux at 2-20 keV, and from the hardness similar to 0.1 showing up in the hardness-intensity diagram. For the last 20 observations, the spectral state is classified as low/hard, according to an average hardness of similar to 0.8 and a balance between the thermal and the non-thermal components; a power-law component takes >= 80 per cent of the total 2-20 keV flux. Located in between is an intermediate state that the source might have experienced. The usual relationship between the rms and hardness is also present in the hardness-rms diagram. Throughout the outburst, no quasi-periodic oscillations are found in XTE J1652-453.

title: Mode selection mechanism and magnetic diffusivity in a non-axisymmetric solar dynamo model
abstract: The generation of solar non-axisymmetric magnetic fields is studied based on a linear � 2 − dynamo model in a rotating spherical frame. The model consists of a solarlike differential rotation, a magnetic diffusivity varied with depth, and three types of �-effects with different locations, i.e. the tachocline, the whole convective zone and the sub-surface. Some comparisons of the critical �-values of axisymmetric (m = 0) and longitude-dependent modes (m = 1,2,3) are presented to show the roles of the magnetic diffusivity in the problem of modes selection. With the changing of diffusivity intensity for the given solar differential rotation system, the dominant mode possibly changes likewise and the stronger the diffusivity is, the easier the non-axisymmetric modes are excited. The influence of the diffusivity and differential rotation on the configurations of the dominant modes are also presented.

title: Evidence for a population of beamed radio intermediate quasars
abstract: Whether radio intermediate quasars possess relativistic jets as radio-loud quasars is an important issue in the understanding of the origin of radio emission in quasars. In this letter, using the two-epoch radio data obtained during Faint Image of Radio Sky at Twenty centimeter sky (FIRST) and NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS), we identified 89 radio variable sources in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Among them, more than half are radio intermediate quasars (RL = f20cm/f 2500u < 250). For all objects with available multiple band radio observations, the radio spectra are either flat or inverted. The brightness temperature inferred from the variability is larger than the synchrotron-self Compton limit for a stationary source in 87 objects, indicating of relativistic beaming. Considering the sample selection and the viewing angle effect, we conclude that relativistic jets probably exist in a substantial fraction of radio intermediate quasars.

title: The First Release of the CSTAR Point Source Catalog from Dome A, Antarctica
abstract: In 2008 January the twenty-fourth Chinese expedition team successfully deployed the Chinese Small Telescope ARray (CSTAR) to Dome A, the highest point on the Antarctic plateau. CSTAR consists of four 14.5 cm optical telescopes, each with a different filter (g, r, i, and open) and has a 4.5° × 4.5° field of view (FOV). It operates robotically as part of the Plateau Observatory, PLATO, with each telescope taking an image every ~30 s throughout the year whenever it is dark. During 2008, CSTAR 1 performed almost flawlessly, acquiring more than 0.3 million i-band images for a total integration time of 1728 hr during 158 days of observations. For each image taken under good sky conditions, more than 10,000 sources down to ~16th magnitude could be detected. We performed aperture photometry on all the sources in the field to create the catalog described herein. Since CSTAR has a fixed pointing centered on the south celestial pole (decl. = -90°), all the sources within the FOV of CSTAR were monitored continuously for several months. The photometric catalog can be used for studying any variability in these sources, and for the discovery of transient sources such as supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and minor planets.

title: Experimental investigation of the two-photon widths of the chi(c0) and the chi(c2) mesons.
abstract: Using 12.7 fb(-1) of data collected with the CLEO detector at CESR, we observed two-photon production of the cc states chi(c0) and chi(c2) in their decay to pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-). We measured gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c))xB(chi(c)-->pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-)) to be 75+/-13(stat)+/-8(syst) eV for the chi(c0) and 6.4+/-1.8(stat)+/-0.8(syst) eV for the chi(c2), implying gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c0)) = 3.76+/-0.65(stat)+/-0.41(syst)+/-1.69(br) keV and gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c2)) = 0.53+/-0.15(stat)+/-0.06(syst)+/-0.22(br) keV. Also, cancellation of dominant experimental and theoretical uncertainties permits a precise comparison of gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c0))/gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c2)), evaluated to be 7.4+/-2.4(stat)+/-0.5(syst)+/-0.9(br), with QCD-based predictions.