Relativistic effects and the constituent quark model of heavy quarkonia
AbstractCharmonium
$$c\bar c$$
 and bottomonium
$$b\bar b$$
 are investigated in the framework of a constituent quark model. A scalar confining and a one-gluon exchange (OGE) potential are used in a nonrelativistic reduction to order (p/m)2. Therefore the model includes spin dependent as well as spin independent terms. Their influence on the meson mass spectra and decay widths is analysed. We find that the experimental spectra can be reproduced by using a full model as well as by using a reduced version neglecting the spin independent terms. For both versions we calculate leptonic and radiative decay widths including relativistic corrections for the current operators. We find that for leptonic decays inclusion of all terms of the OGE potential gives better results than the non-relativistic formulas. For radiative transitions relativistic corrections are important.

title: Quark excitations of nuclei - A new frontier in nuclear research -
abstract: The investigation of nuclei in the energy domain of the elementary N*-resonances (i.e. for 200 MeV < Eexc < 2 GeV) opens up a new and important domain of nuclear research for essentially two reasons: (i) the quark structure of the nuclear constituent, the nucleon, leads to new nuclear phenomena; their investigation appears to be of fundamental importance for the understanding of complex hadronic systems; (ii) the nucleus can be used as a unique laboratory to test QCD in the nonasymptotic region where perturbative approaches fail. This is of particular interest, e.g. for the confinement problem. — Some specific aspects of subnuclear research are discussed in connection with the analysis of recent experiments and, in particular, in view of a possible strategy for a systematic investigation of nuclear quark excitations.

title: COLLECTIVE TREATMENT OF THE GIANT RESONANCES IN SPHERICAL NUCLEI.
abstract: In a collective treatment the energies of the giant resonances are given by the boundary conditions at the nuclear surface, which is subject to vibration in spherical nuclei. The general form of the coupling between these two collective motions is given by angular-momentum and parity conservation. The coupling constants are completely determined within the hydrodynamical model. In the present treatment the influence of the surface vibrations on the total photon-absorption cross section is calculated. It turns out that in most of the spherical nuclei this interaction leads to a pronounced structure in the cross section. The agreement with the experiments in medium-heavy nuclei is striking; many of the experimental characteristics are reproduced by the present calculations. In some nuclei, however, there seem to be indications of single-particle excitations which are not yet contained in this work.

title: SHORT-RANGE CORRELATIONS AND ELASTIC ELECTRON SCATTERING.

title: Unified Description of Pion-Photo-Production and Elastic Pion Scattering on the Deuteron in the Isobar-Doorway Model
abstract: It has been recognized recently1 that the strong dominance of the Δ(1236) isobar in nuclear reactions at medium energies advocates an explicit treatment of this degree of freedom in nuclei (in contrast to its implicit incorporation in an optical model description). Such a model, phrased commonly as isobar doorway or A* model1 has two particularly interesting features, (i) it forms a natural basis for a unified description of different isobar dominated scattering processes; (ii) it offers a more or less direct test of the isobar self energy in nuclei or, equivalently, of the ΔN interaction. An ideal testing ground for such a model seems to be deuteron: with all many-body complications being absent, predictions for scattering reactions on the deuteron should reflect and in this way allow direct investigation of the various ingredients of the model.

title: Pionic and electromagnetic excitation of A* resonances
abstract: The nuclear excitation spectrum in the Delta (3,3) energy range is studied by comparing elastic pion scattering with coherent neutral pion photoproduction. The corresponding multipole excitation strength distributions are found to be quite different. This emphasises the role of the electromagnetic excitations of nuclei for the investigation of the A* resonances which is complementary to their mesonic excitation. Results are presented for 12C( gamma , pi 0) 12C(GS); they are compared with those of the phenomenological isobar doorway model and of DWIA calculations.

title: Surface Event Rejection Using Phonon Information in CDMS
abstract: The published CDMS analyses have used the shape of the phonon signal rising edge to reject low-ionization-yield surface events which produce acoustic phonons more quickly than bulk events do. To achieve better WIMP sensitivity with future larger exposures, we are using a simplified model of phonon production and propagation to construct event position estimators that help us to find more efficient surface event rejection cuts. We describe this model and the resulting new cuts, and summarize the surface event leakage rates and the sensitivity figures of merit of the five surface event rejection methods developed in the second CDMS II Soudan run data analysis.

title: On propagators and vertices of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory
abstract: We calculate the three-point functions of pure Landau gauge QCD and investigate their influence on the propagators. As expected, the ghost-gluon vertex leads only to minor modifications, while the three-gluon vertex has a sizeable impact on the mid-momentum regime of the gluon propagator. We describe an effective model of the three-gluon vertex that includes contributions from the neglected two-loop diagrams and thus allows to obtain propagators in good agreement with lattice results. We also determine the three-gluon vertex from these propagators and find good agreement with lattice results as well. In turn, these results allow us to assess the effect of the missing two-loop diagrams in the gluon propagator equation. Finally, we present the first self-consistent calculation that includes all two-and three-point functions.

title: Exclusion Limits on the WIMP Nucleon Cross-Section from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
abstract: The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) employs low-temperature Ge and Si detectors to search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) via their elastic-scattering interactions with nuclei while discriminating against interactions of background particles. For recoil energies above 10 keV, events due to background photons are rejected with >99.9% efficiency, and surface events are rejected with >95% efficiency. The estimate of the background due to neutrons is based primarily on the observation of multiple-scatter events that should all be neutrons. Data selection is determined primarily by examining calibration data and vetoed events. Resulting efficiencies should be accurate to ∼10%. Results of CDMS data from 1998 and 1999 with a relaxed fiducial-volume cut (resulting in 15.8 kg days exposure on Ge) are consistent with an earlier analysis with a more restrictive fiducial-volume cut. Twenty-three WIMP candidate events are observed, but these events are consistent with a background from neutrons in all ways tested. Resulting limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic-scattering cross section exclude unexplored parameter space for WIMPs with masses between 10–70 GeV/c2. These limits border, but do not exclude, parameter space allowed by supersymmetry models and accelerator constraints. Results are compatible with some regions reported as allowed at 3σ by the annual-modulation measurement of the DAMA Collaboration. However, under the assumptions of standard WIMP interactions and a standard halo, the results are incompatible with the DAMA most likely value at >99.9% confidence level (C.L.), and are incompatible with the model-independent annual-modulation signal of DAMA at 99.99% C.L. in the asymptotic limit.

title: Status of CDMS search for dark matter WIMPs
abstract: We report on the latest results from the CDMS (cryogenic dark matter search) experiment. The experiment uses superconducting particle detectors, operated below 100 mK, to search for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive elementary particles or WIMPs. These detectors are either Si or Ge crystals, where the electron-hole production and the phonon production are measured for each event, allowing the discrimination of electron recoils (most backgrounds due to gammas and betas) from nuclear recoils (due to WIMPs and neutrons). We have recently reported new limits from the Stanford shallow site experiment (CDMS-I) which explore supersymmetric models where the lightest supersymmetric particle is often an excellent WIMP candidate. We will also report on the Soudan deep site facility for the CDMS-II experiment which is under construction, and on the status of the CDMS-II detector fabrication.

title: On Gauge Fixing Aspects of the Infrared Behavior of Yang-Mills Green Functions
abstract: Yang-Mills theory and its infrared behavior.- Functional equations.- Scaling solutions.- The infrared regime of the maximally Abelian gauge.- Dyson-Schwinger equations in the Gribov region.-