Isospin-violating meson-nucleon vertices as an alternate mechanism of charge-symmetry breaking.
We compute isospin-violating meson-nucleon coupling constants and their consequent charge-symmetry-breaking (CSB) nucleon-nucleon potentials. The couplings result from evaluating matrix elements of quark currents between nucleon states in a nonrelativistic constituent quark model; the isospin violations arise from the difference in the up and down constituent quark masses. We find, in particular, that isospin violation in the omega-meson{endash}nucleon vertex dominates the class IV CSB potential obtained from these considerations. We evaluate the resulting spin-singlet{endash}triplet mixing angles, the quantities germane to the difference of neutron and proton analyzing powers measured in elastic {ital n}{searrow}-{ital p}{searrow} scattering, and find them commensurate to those computed originally using the on-shell value of the {rho}-{omega} mixing amplitude. The use of the on-shell {rho}-{omega} mixing amplitude at {ital q}{sup 2}=0 has been called into question; rather, the amplitude is zero in a wide class of models. Our model possesses no contribution from {rho}-{omega} mixing at {ital q}{sup 2}=0, and we find that omega-meson exchange suffices to explain the measured {ital n}-{ital p} analyzing power difference at 183 MeV. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.

title: Role of heavy-meson exchange in pion production near threshold.
abstract: Recent calculations of s-wave pion production have severely underestimated the accurately known pp → pp� 0 total cross section near threshold. In these calculations, only the single-nucleon axial-charge operator is considered. We have calculated, in addition to the one-body term, the two-body contributions to this reaction that arise from the exchange of mesons. We find that the inclusion of the scalar �-meson exchange current (and lesser contributions from other mesons) increases the cross section by about a factor of five, and leads to excellent agreement with the data. The results are neither very sensitive to changes in the distorting potential that generates the NN wave function, nor to different choices for the meson-nucleon form factors. We argue that pp → pp� 0 data provide direct experimental evidence for meson

title: Equation of state of dense matter from a density dependent relativistic mean field model
abstract: We calculate the equation of state (EOS) of dense matter using a relativistic mean field (RMF) model with a density dependent coupling that is a slightly modified form of the original NL3 interaction. For nonuniform nuclear matter we approximate the unit lattice as a spherical Wigner-Seitz cell, wherein the meson mean fields and nucleon Dirac wave functions are solved fully self-consistently. We also calculate uniform nuclear matter for a wide range of temperatures, densities, and proton fractions, and match them to nonuniform matter as the density decreases. The calculations took over 6000 CPU days in Indiana University's supercomputer clusters. We tabulate the resulting EOS at over 107,000 grid points in the proton fraction range Y{sub P}=0 to 0.56. For the temperature range T=0.16 to 15.8 MeV, we cover the density range n{sub B}=10{sup -4} to 1.6 fm{sup -3}; and for the higher temperature range T=15.8 to 80 MeV, we cover the larger density range n{sub B}=10{sup -8} to 1.6 fm{sup -3}. In the future we plan to study low density, low temperature (T<15.8 MeV), nuclear matter using a Virial expansion, and we will match the low-density and high-density results to generate a complete EOS table for use in astrophysical simulationsmore » of supernova and neutron star mergers.« less

title: Structure of accreted neutron star crust
abstract: Using molecular dynamics simulations, we determine the structure of neutron star crust made of rapid proton capture nucleosynthesis material. We find a regular body-centered cubic lattice, even with the large number of impurities that are present. Low-charge-Z impurities tend to occupy interstitial positions, while high-Z impurities tend to occupy substitutional lattice sites. We find strong attractive correlations between low-Z impurities that could significantly increase the rate of pycnonuclear (density driven) nuclear reactions. The thermal conductivity is significantly reduced by electron impurity scattering. Our results will be used in future work to study the effects of impurities on mechanical properties such as the shear modulus and breaking strain.

title: Semiclassical quark model of the nuclear matter response
abstract: The longitudinal response function R(q,w) of nuclear matter is calculated in a semiclassical quark model. The model has a many‐body string‐flip potential that confines quarks into hadrons and avoids color van der Waals forces. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to calculate R(q,w) in one space dimension for a variety of momentum transfers q and excitation energies w. The response function decreases with density (compared to a free hadron response) because of quark exchange between hadrons.

title: Breaking strain of neutron star crust and gravitational waves.
abstract: Mountains on rapidly rotating neutron stars efficiently radiate gravitational waves. The maximum possible size of these mountains depends on the breaking strain of the neutron star crust. With multimillion ion molecular dynamics simulations of Coulomb solids representing the crust, we show that the breaking strain of pure single crystals is very large and that impurities, defects, and grain boundaries only modestly reduce the breaking strain to around 0.1. Because of the collective behavior of the ions during failure found in our simulations, the neutron star crust is likely very strong and can support mountains large enough so that their gravitational wave radiation could limit the spin periods of some stars and might be detectable in large-scale interferometers. Furthermore, our microscopic modeling of neutron star crust material can help analyze mechanisms relevant in magnetar giant flares and microflares.

title: Rotating dilaton black holes.
abstract: It is shown that an arbitrarily small amount of angular momentum can qualitatively change the properties of extremal charged black holes coupled to a dilaton. In addition, the gyromagnetic ratio of these black holes is computed and an exact rotating black string solution is presented.

title: Origin of gauge invariance in string theory.
abstract: We present a first quantization of the space-time embedding X/sup ..mu../ and the world-sheet metric rho of the open bosonic string. The world-sheet metric rho decouples from S-matrix elements in 26 dimensions. This formulation of the theory naturally includes 26-dimensional gauge transformations. The gauge invariance of S-matrix elements is a direct consequence of the decoupling of rho. Second quantization leads to a string field Phichemically bondX/sup ..mu../,rhochemically bond with a gauge-covariant equation of motion.

title: Testing cosmic censorship with black hole collisions.
abstract: There exists an upper limit on the mass of black holes when the cosmological constant \ensuremath{\Lambda} is positive. We study the collision of two black holes whose total mass exceeds this limit. Our investigation is based on a recently discovered exact solution describing the collision of Q=M black holes with \ensuremath{\Lambda}g0. The global structure of this solution is analyzed. We find that if the total mass is less than the extremal limit, then the black holes coalesce. If it is greater, then a naked singularity forms to the future of a Cauchy horizon. However, the horizon is not smooth. Generically, there is a mild curvature singularity, which still allows geodesics to be extended. The implications of these results for cosmic censorship are discussed.

title: Exact solutions and singularities in string theory.
abstract: We construct two new classes of exact solutions to string theory which are not of the standard plane wave of gauged WZW type. Many of these solutions have curvature singularities. The first class includes the fundamental string solution, for which the string coupling vanishes near the singularity. This suggests that the singularity may not be removed by quantum corrections. The second class consists of hybrids of plane wave and gauged WZW solutions. We discuss a four-dimensional example in detail.

title: Statistical Entropy of Nonextremal Four-Dimensional Black Holes and U-Duality.
abstract: We identify the states in string theory which are responsible for the entropy of near-extremal rotating four-dimensional black holes in {ital N}=8 supergravity. For black holes far from extremality (with no rotation), the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is exactly matched by a mysterious duality invariant extension of the formulas derived for near-extremal black holes states. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.