Tensor effects on the proton sd states in neutron-rich Ca isotopes and bubble structure of exotic nuclei
In the framework of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) approach with Skyrme interactions SLy5+T, SLy5+T-omega and several sets of the TIJ parametrizations, the evolution of the proton single-particle energy difference between the 2s(1/2) and 1d(3/2) orbits in Ca isotopes is investigated for the cases with and without the tensor force. It is shown that the energy difference evolution trends by using different Skyrme interactions without the tensor force are similar to each other. However, the energy differences are obviously influenced by the tensor force. Meanwhile, it is found that the inversion between the two orbits (2s(1/2)-1d(3/2) inversion) induced by the tensor force occurs around Ca-48 (by SLy5+T-omega) as well as in the nuclei very far from the stability. We understand the inversion phenomenon by analyzing the tensor contributions to the spin-orbit potentials and the radial wave functions of the two orbits. Finally, the proton density distributions of Ar-46 and Hg-206 are calculated by using several sets of Skyrme interactions with and without the tensor component. It is found that the parametrization SLy5+T-omega favors the bubble structure of Ar-46 resulting from the 2s(1/2)-1d(3/2) inversion. However, for Hg-206 any tensor parametrizations do not favor its bubble structure.

title: Fine structure of alpha decay to rotational states of heavy nuclei
abstract: To gain a better insight into alpha-decay fine structure, we calculate the relative intensities of alpha decay to 2{sup +} and 4{sup +} rotational states in the framework of the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) and improved Royer's formula. The calculated relative intensities of alpha decay to 2{sup +} states are in good agreement with the experimental data. For the relative intensities of alpha decay to 4{sup +} states, a good agreement with experimental data is achieved for Th and U isotopes. The formula we obtain is useful for the analysis of experimental data of alpha-decay fine structure. In addition, some predicted relative intensities which are still not measured are provided for future experiments.

title: Correlation between muonic levels and nuclear structure in muonic atoms
abstract: A method that deals with the nucleons and the muon unitedly is employed to investigate the muonic lead, with which the correlation between the muon and nucleus can be studied distinctly. A “kink” appears in the muonic isotope shift at a neutron magic number where the nuclear shell structure plays a key role. This behavior may have very important implications for the experimentally probing the shell structure of the nuclei far away from the β -stable line. We investigate the variations of the nuclear structure due to the interaction with the muon in the muonic atom and find that the nuclear structure remains basically unaltered. Therefore, the muon is a clean and reliable probe for studying the nuclear structure. In addition, a correction that the muon-induced slight change in the proton density distribution in turn shifts the muonic levels is investigated. This correction to muonic level is as important as the Lamb shift and high order vacuum polarization correction, but is larger than anomalous magnetic moment and electron shielding correction.

title: Effects of tensor interaction on pseudospin energy splitting and shell correction
abstract: In the framework of a Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach combined with Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) method, the role of the tensor force on the pseudospin energy splitting for tin isotope chain is investigated. The tensor force turns out to obviously affect the pseudospin energy splitting of the spin-unsaturated nuclei. Since the tensor force shifts the single-particle levels, it modifies the single-particle level density and the shell correction energy thereof. The influence of the tensor interaction on shell correction energy is considerable according to our analysis taking a magic nucleus {sup 132}Sn as well as a superheavy nucleus {sup 298}114 as examples. This modification of the shell correction energy due to the tensor component affects the stability of the superheavy nuclei.

title: Cosmological Perturbations in Horava-Lifshitz Gravity
abstract: We study cosmological perturbations in Horava-Lifshitz Gravity, a recently proposed potentially ultraviolet-complete quantum theory of gravity. We consider scalar metric fluctuations about a homogeneous and isotropic space-time. Starting from the most general metric, we work out the complete second order action for the perturbations. We then make use of the residual gauge invariance and of the constraint equations to reduce the number of dynamical degrees of freedom. At first glance, it appears that there is an extra scalar metric degree of freedom. However, introducing the Sasaki-Mukhanov variable, the combination of spatial metric fluctuation and matter inhomogeneity for which the action in general relativity has canonical form, we find that this variable has the standard time derivative term in the second order action, and that the extra degree of freedom is nondynamical. The limit lambda -> 1 is well behaved, unlike what is obtained when expanding about Minkowski space-time. Thus, there is no strong coupling problem for Horava-Lifshitz gravity when considering cosmological solutions. We also compute the spectrum of cosmological perturbations. If the potential in the action is taken to be of "detailed balance" form, we find a cancellation of the highest derivative terms in the action for the curvature fluctuations. As a consequence, the initial spectrum of perturbations will not be scale-invariant in a general space-time background, in contrast to what happens when considering Horava-Lifshitz matter leaving the gravitational sector unperturbed. However, if we break the detailed balance condition, then the initial spectrum of curvature fluctuations is indeed scale-invariant on ultraviolet scales. As an application, we consider fluctuations in an inflationary background and draw connections with the "trans-Planckian problem" for cosmological perturbations. In the special case in which the potential term in the action is of detailed balance form and in which lambda = 1, the equation of motion for cosmological perturbations in the far UV takes the same form as in general relativity. However, in general the equation of motion is characterized by a modified dispersion relation.

title: Investigation of neutron spectrum emitted from 44 GeV 12C+Cu interactions with nuclear emulsion
abstract: The Energy Spectrum of fast neutrons produced in 44 GeV 12 C+Cu interactions has been measured and analysed with nuclear emulsion of 8 cm in length, 2.2 cm in width and 400 μm in thickness made in China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China. The irradiation of the emulsion was carried out at the accelerator SYNCHROPHASOTRON of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. The neutron spectrum was obtained through measuring the recoil protons in emulsion and the track parameters of α particles from interactions of 12 C(n,n′)3α in emulsion. The experimental neutron spectrum was compared with the results of a Monte-Carlo calculation, which shows that the shapes of both neutron spectra are identical within the limits of their statistical accuracy.

title: VARIATIONS OF SOLAR ELECTRON AND PROTON FLUX IN MAGNETIC CLOUD BOUNDARY LAYERS AND COMPARISONS WITH THOSE ACROSS THE SHOCKS AND IN THE RECONNECTION EXHAUSTS
abstract: The magnetic cloud boundary layer (BL) is a dynamic region formed by the interaction of the magnetic cloud (MC) and the ambient solar wind. In the present study, we comparatively investigate the proton and electron mean flux variations in the BL, in the interplanetary reconnection exhaust (RE), and across the MC-driven shock by using the Wind data from 1995 to 2006. In general, the proton flux has higher increments at lower energy bands compared with the ambient solar wind. Inside the BL, the core electron flux increases quasi-isotropically and the increments decrease monotonously with energy from similar to 30% (at 18 eV) to similar to 10% (at 70 eV); the suprathermal electron flux usually increases in either parallel or antiparallel direction; the correlation coefficient of electron flux variations in parallel and antiparallel directions changes sharply from similar to 0.8 below 70 eV to similar to 0 above 70 eV. Similar results are also found for RE. However, different phenomena are found across the shock where the electron flux variations first increase and then decrease with a peak increment (>200%) near 100 eV. The correlation coefficient of electron flux variations in parallel and antiparallel directions is always around 0.8. The similar behavior of flux variations in BL and RE suggests that reconnection may commonly occur in BL. Our work also implies that the strong energy dependence and direction selectivity of electron flux variations, which were previously thought to have not enough relevance to magnetic reconnection, could be considered as an important signature of solar wind reconnection in the statistical point of view.

title: PROGRESS IN RAISING THE ENERGY OF THE CAMD LINAC TO 300 MEV *
abstract: Technical design details are presented of the proposed upgrade to 300 MeV of the linac at the Center for Advanced Microstructures & Devices (CAMD). The key parameters of the linac are listed and the benefits of 300 MeV injection to the CAMD synchrotron radiation light source are explained. The optimum placement of the 300MeV linac in the existing tunnel has been established and the upgrades and locations of ancillary sub-systems are being prepared. Simulations of the electron beam trajectory by a MATLAB based linear accelerator program are ongoing.

title: Inflation and alternatives with blue tensor spectra
abstract: We study the tilt of the primordial gravitational waves spectrum. A hint of blue tilt is shown from analyzing the BICEP2 and POLARBEAR data. Motivated by this, we explore the possibilities of blue tensor spectra from the very early universe cosmology models, including null energy condition violating inflation, inflation with general initial conditions, and string gas cosmology, etc. For the simplest G-inflation, blue tensor spectrum also implies blue scalar spectrum. In general, the inflation models with blue tensor spectra indicate large non-Gaussianities. On the other hand, string gas cosmology predicts blue tensor spectrum with highly Gaussian fluctuations. If further experiments do confirm the blue tensor spectrum, non-Gaussianity becomes a distinguishing test between inflation and alternatives.