Thermal and nonthermal pion enhancements with chiral symmetry restoration
The pion production by sigma decay and its relation with chiral symmetry restoration in a hot and dense matter are investigated in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The decay rate for the process sigma -> 2pion to the lowest order in a 1/N_c expansion is calculated as a function of temperature T and chemical potential mu. The thermal and nonthermal enhancements of pions generated by the decay before and after the freeze-out present only in the crossover region of the chiral symmetry transition. The strongest nonthermal enhancement is located in the vicinity of the endpoint of the first-order transition.

title: ILC Reference Design Report: ILC Global Design Effort and World Wide Study

title: Evidence for the decay $B_c^+ \rightarrow J/\psi 3\pi^+ 2\pi^-$
abstract: Evidence is presented for the decay $B_c+\rightarrow J/\psi 3\pi^+2\pi^-$ using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb$^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector. A signal yield of $32\pm8$ decays is found with a significance of 4.5 standard deviations. The ratio of the branching fraction of the $B_c^+\rightarrow J/\psi 3\pi^+ 2\pi^-$ decay to that of the $B_c^+ \rightarrow J/\psi \pi^+$ decay is measured to be $$ \frac{Br (B_c^+ \rightarrow J/\psi 3\pi^+2\pi^)}{Br (B_c^+ \rightarrow J/\psi \pi^+)} = 1.74\pm0.44\pm0.24, $$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

title: Evidence for the decay $X(3872)\rightarrow\psi(2S)\gamma$
abstract: Evidence for the decay mode $X(3872)\rightarrow\psi(2S)\gamma$ in $B^+\rightarrow X(3872)K^+$ decays is found with a significance of 4.4 standard deviations. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb$^{-1}$ collected with the LHCb detector, at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8TeV. The ratio of the branching fraction of the $X(3872)\to\psi(2S)\gamma$ decay to that of the $X(3872)\rightarrow J/\psi \gamma$ decay is measured to be $$ \frac{Br(X(3872)\rightarrow\psi(2S)\gamma)}{Br(X(3872)\rightarrow J/\psi\gamma)} = 2.46\pm0.64\pm0.29, %\pm0.06,$$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The measured value agrees with expectations for a pure charmonium interpretation of the $X(3872)$ state and a mixture of charmonium and molecular interpretations. However, it does not support a pure $D\bar{D}^{*}$ molecular interpretation of the $X(3872)$state.

title: Measurement of the resonant and CP components in $\overline{B}^0\to J/\psi \pi^+\pi^-$ decays
abstract: The resonant structure of the reaction $\overline{B}^0\rightarrow J/\psi \pi^+\pi^-$ is studied using data from 3 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected by the LHCb experiment, one-third at 7 Tev center-of-mass energy and the remainder at 8 Tev. The invariant mass of the $\pi^+\pi^-$ pair and three decay angular distributions are used to determine the fractions of the resonant and non-resonant components. Six interfering $\pi^+\pi^-$ states: $\rho(770)$, $f_0(500)$, $f_2(1270)$, $\rho(1450)$, $\omega(782)$ and $\rho(1700)$ are required to give a good description of invariant mass spectra and decay angular distributions. The positive and negative CP fractions of each of the resonant final states are determined. The $f_0(980)$ meson is not seen and the upper limit on its presence, compared with the observed $f_0(500)$ rate, is inconsistent with a model of tetraquark substructure for these scalar mesons at the eight standard deviation level. In the $q\overline{q}$ model, the absolute value of the mixing angle between the $f_0(980)$ and the $f_0(500)$ scalar mesons is limited to be less than $17^{\circ}$ at 90% confidence level.

title: Study of beauty hadron decays into pairs of charm hadrons
abstract: First observations of the decays Λb 0 → Λc +D(s) - are reported using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb-1 collected at 7 and 8 TeV center-of-mass energies in proton-proton collisions with the LHCb detector. In addition, the most precise measurement of the branching fraction B(Bs 0→D+Ds -) is made and a search is performed for the decays B(s) 0→Λc +Λc -. The results obtained are B(Λb 0→Λc +D-)/ B(Λb 0→Λc +D s -)=0.042±0.003(stat)±0.003(syst), [B(Λb 0→Λc +D s -)/B(B0→D+D s -)]/[B(Λb 0→Λ c +π-)/B(B0→D +π-)]=0.96±0.02(stat)±0.06(syst),B(B s 0→D+Ds -)/ B(B0→D+Ds -)=0. 038±0.004(stat)±0.003(syst),B(B0→Λ c +Λc -)/B(B , B(Bs 0→Λc +Λ c -)/B(Bs 0→D+D s -)<0.30[95%C.L.]. Measurement of the mass of the Λb 0 baryon relative to the B0 meson gives M(Λb 0)-M(B0)=339. 72±0.24(stat)±0.18(syst)MeV/c2. This result provides the most precise measurement of the mass of the Λb 0 baryon to date.

title: Polynomial formulations and renormalizability in quantum gravity
abstract: Non-renormalizability of quantum gravity is traced, in the “binomial” first order metric formulation, to a mismatch between the symmetries of its quadratic and cubic terms, which makes this ostensibly renormalizable system ill-defined about zero vacuum, and forces the usual expansion of the metric about a background. How it might have been is illustrated by the exception, D=2, where the theory is well-defined and hence is “off-shell” finite. In D=3, where the first order vielbein form is also quadratic plus cubic, it is explicitly shown to remain off-shell finite even about non-zero backgrounds, in contrast to the infinities expected in the metric description.

title: Energy and Stability in Einstein-{Gauss-Bonnet} Models
abstract: A unified energy expression for Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, valid about the model's two distinct vacua, is obtained. It reduces to the usual Einstein form about a flat background, but about an anti-de Sitter vacuum it becomes that appropriate to a ghost Einstein theory with a cosmological term. Linearisation instability about the latter and general stability about the former are deduced by energy considerations, in agreement with previous results.

title: Asymptotic Freedom and Dirichlet String Theory
abstract: Fixed angle scattering at high energy in a string theory with boundaries satisfying Dirichlet conditions (Dirichlet strings) in D = 4 is shown to have logarithmic dependence on energy, in addition to the power-like behavior known before. High temperature free energy also depends logarithmically on temperature. Such a result could provide a matching mechanism between strings at long distance and asymptotic freedom at short distance, which is necessary for the reformulation of large-N QCD as a string theory. In order to reformulate the large-N QCD  as a string theory, assuming it is possible at all, we must find a string theory that contains only massive excitations (for pure QCD) and shares the characteristic features of asymptotic freedom, such as partonic behavior and logarithmic violation of scaling at high energy. The critical string theories we are mostly familiar with fail to meet theses two requirements: they contain massless gravitons and massless Yang-Mill particles, and fixed angle scattering falls off exponentially with total energy. Liouville theory [2] has been argued to be irrelevant for the problem of QCD , meanwhile the effective string picture advocated in , which without doubt is correct for long strings, has problems at short distances. Rigid strings  at first sight seem to give the right behavior at high energy and high temperature, but they have the wrong sign of free energy at high temperature as compared with QCD [6], and furthermore there are problems with unitarity [7]. Another simple yet non-trivial modification of short distance behavior of strings is to add world-sheet boundaries satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions – each boundary is mapped to a single point in space-time and the position is then integrated over. Such a theory was originally proposed as an off-shell extension of closed string amplitudes . Meanwhile the point-like states of the Dirichlet boundaries were proven to produce powerlike behavior of fixed angle scattering at high energy [9]. The point-like structure was then linked to partons. Developments of the Dirichlet string theory in modern language can be found in . Recently Green [11] points out that at high temperature the Dirichlet boundaries produce a free energy similar to that of the large-N QCD found by Polchinski[6]. Namely, in QCD the free energy of a long string per unit length goes as μQCD(β)/L 2 ∼ − (β)N π2β4 , (1)

title: THE EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIAN OF THREE DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS
abstract: We consider the low energy limit of three dimensional quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with an even number of flavors. We show that parity is not spontaneously broken, but the global (flavor) symmetry is spontaneously broken. The low energy effective Lagrangian is a nonlinear sigma model on the Grassmannian. Some Chern-Simons terms are necessary in the Lagrangian to realize the discrete symmetries correctly. We consider also another parametrization of the low energy sector which leads to a three dimensional analogue of the Wess-Zumino-Witten-Novikov model. Since three dimensional QCD is believed to be a model for quantum antiferromagnetism, our effective Lagrangian can describe their long wavelength excitations (spin waves).

title: A remark on the Higgs effect in presence of Chern-Simons terms
abstract: In D=3, a Higgs scalar is shown to transmute a non-dynamical Chern-Simon term into topologically massive, parity-violating, electrodynamics. A similar transmutation also occurs for gravity.