TOMONAGA AND QED
This article is dedicated to Professor Tomonaga to celebrate his 100th birthday and the extraordinary contribution he made to the development of the renormalization theory of quantum electrodynamics. Let me begin by recalling how Tomonaga and his collaborators developed the renormalized QED in total isolation forced upon them by the aftermath of the World War II. For detailed accounts see Refs. 1 and 2. I will then discuss how the theory is still viable after nearly 60 years by describing the current status of the theory of anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, which provides a very high precision test of QED. Quantum electrodynamics, that satisfies the requirement of special relativity and quantum mechanics, was formulated by 1929 by Dirac, Heisenberg, Pauli, and others. It was applied successfully to the Compton scattering, Bremsstrahlung, ee pair production, as well as various atomic processes. However, when one tried to improve the prediction of theory by calculating higher order terms, one ran into a serious problem that correction terms are infinitely large. One of the cases analyzed intensely by several groups was the radiative correction to the elastic scattering of an electron by a fixed potential. The divergence was found to come from the contribution of virtual intermediate states with arbitrarily large momenta which could not be excluded in quantum mechanics (ultraviolet catastrophe). While the general prospect of QED was rather discouraging these days, an important progress was made by Weisskopf who found that the self-mass of the

title: VIOLATION OF THE POMERANCHUK THEOREM AND ZEROS OF THE SCATTERING AMPLITUDES.

title: Eighth-order magnetic moment of the electron. III. Sixth-order vertices containing a second-order vacuum polarization subdiagram
abstract: We have calculated the contribution to the eighth-order anomalous magnetic moment of the electron arising from 150 Feynman diagrams, each generated by inserting a second-order vacuum polarization loop in the photon lines of sixth-order vertices of the three-photon-exchange type. Our result is 1.419(16)(..cap alpha../..pi..)/sup 4/. The theoretical error represents the estimated accuracy (90% confidence limit) of the required numerical integrations.

title: Polarization of Electrons in Muon Decay with General Parity-Nonconserving Interactions
abstract: The polarization of electrons in muon decay is studied in the case of the four-component neutrino theory with general parity-nonconserving interactions. The spectrum for each of the two states of longitudinal polarization is described by a set of three parameters of which only two are independent By observing the electron polarization in arbitrary directions, one can determine ten parameters of which six are related to the two longitudinal polarizations and the rest to the transverse part. It is seen that the prediction of the two-component neutrino theory about the electron polarization in muon decay is quite specific and can be distinguished from that of the general case, if the latter involves the interactionB of the S, T, P types in charge-retention order. However, from the study of the polarization of electrons, it is impossible to distinguish the two-component theory from the four-component theory which involves only the vectortype interactions. It is noticed that the TCP theorem determines a detailed correspondence between the polarization provides us with an opportunity to determine experimentally whether weak interactions actually obey the TCP theorem or not.

title: Complete tenth-order QED contribution to the muon g-2.
abstract: We report the result of our calculation of the complete tenth-order QED terms of the muon g-2. Our result is a(μ)((10))=753.29 (1.04) in units of (α/π)(5), which is about 4.5 s.d. larger than the leading-logarithmic estimate 663(20). We also improve the precision of the eighth-order QED term of a(μ), obtaining a(μ)((8))=130.8794 (63) in units of (α/π)(4). The new QED contribution is a(μ)(QED)=116,584,718,951 (80)×10(-14), which does not resolve the existing discrepancy between the standard-model prediction and measurement of a(μ).

title: Automated calculation scheme for alpha**n contributions of QED to lepton g-2: Generating renormalized amplitudes for diagrams without lepton loops
abstract: Among 12 672 Feynman diagrams contributing to the electron anomalous magnetic moment at the tenth order, 6354 are the diagrams having no lepton loops, i.e., those of quenched type. Because the renormalization structure of these diagrams is very complicated, some automation scheme is inevitable to calculate them. We developed an algorithm to write down FORTRAN programs for numerical evaluation of these diagrams, where the necessary counterterms to subtract out ultraviolet subdivergence are generated according to Zimmermann's forest formula. Thus far we have evaluated crudely integrals of 2232 tenth-order vertex diagrams which require vertex renormalization only. Remaining 4122 diagrams, which have ultraviolet-divergent self-energy subdiagrams and infrared-divergent subdiagrams, are being evaluated by giving small mass λ to photons to control the infrared problem.

title: Photoproduction of η-mesons off C and Cu nuclei for photon energies below 1.1 GeV
abstract: The η -meson photoproduction cross sections have been measured on C and Cu targets for the photon energies between 600 and 1100 MeV to investigate the behavior of the S 11 ( 1535 ) resonance in a nucleus. The excitation functions of the cross section as well as the angular and momentum distributions of η -mesons are in quantitative agreement with the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model calculations in which the η -meson emission processes other than the S 11 ( 1535 ) resonance are also incorporated. It is shown that the η production in the γ N → π η N reaction and the D 15 ( 1675 ) resonance formation in the γ n → η n reaction play an important role for E γ > 900 MeV .

title: NEUTRAL KAON PHOTOPRODUCTION AT LNS, TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
abstract: The elementary photo-strangeness production process has been intensively studied based on the high-quality data of the charged kaon channel, γ + p → K+ + Λ(Σ0). However, there had been no reliable data for the neutral kaon channel γ + n → K0 + Λ(Σ0) and the theoretical investigations suffer seriously from the lack of the data. In order to have reliable data for the neutral kaon photo-production data, substantial effort has been made to measure the γ + n → K0 + Λ process in the π+π- decay channel, using a liquid deuterium target and a tagged photon beam (Eγ = 0.8-1.1 GeV) in the threshold region at the Laboratory of Nuclear Science (LNS), Tohoku University. We have taken exploratory data quite successfully with the use of Neutral Kaon Spectrometer (NKS) at LNS-Tohoku in 2003 and 2004. The data is compared to theoretical models and it indicates a hint that the K0 differential cross section has a backward peak in the energy region. The second generation of the experiment, NKS2, is designed to extend the NKS experiment by considerably upgrading the original neutral kaon spectrometer, fully replacing the spectrometer magnet, tracking detectors and all the trigger counters. The new spectrometer NKS2 has significantly larger acceptance for neutral kaons compared with NKS, particularly covering forward angles and much better invariant mass resolution. The estimated acceptance of NKS2 is three (ten) times larger for than that of NKS. The spectrometer is newly constructed and installed at the Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Tohoku University in 2005. The deuterium target data was taken with tagged photon beam in 2006-2007. We will report recent results of NKS2 in this paper. Additionally, a status of the upgrade project that gives us larger acceptance and capability of K0 + Λ coincidence measurement will be presented.

title: Narrow resonance at E(gamma) = 1020-MeV in the d (gamma, eta) p n reaction
abstract: Differential and total cross sections of the D(γ, η)pn reaction have been measured for photon energies between 600 and 1150 MeV. The data provide the information of the γn → ηn reaction above Eγ ≥ 800 MeV. The total cross section shows a narrow resonance structure peaked at Eγ = 1020 MeV. The angular distribution coefficients together with the total cross section are compared with the calculation of the isobar model by using the impulse approximation. Although the spin and parity of the resonance cannot be determined unambiguously, a negative parity assignment gives better fit to the data.

title: S11(1535) Resonance in Nuclear Medium Observed with the (gamma, eta) Reactions

title: S(11) resonance in nuclei observed with the STB Tagger at LNS Sendai