Complete and incomplete fusion of 12 C with 165 Ho below 7 MeV/nucleon: Measurements and analysis of excitation functions
This experiment has been done with a view to studying complete and incomplete fusion in heavy-ion-induced reactions. Excitation functions for several reactions induced by ${}^{12}{\mathrm{C}}^{5+}$ ions on ${}^{165}\mathrm{Ho}$ at incident energies from 55 to 80 MeV have been measured using the activation technique. The analysis of the data has been done using the codes ALICE-91 and CASCADE. The parameter ${F}_{\ensuremath{\theta}},$ the ratio of actual moment of inertia to the rigid-body value, has been found to play an important role in the calculations done by the code CASCADE. Significant contributions from both the complete and the incomplete fusion channels have been observed. Further, in the case of the reaction $(\mathrm{C},p3n)$ considerable contribution from the decay of higher charge isobar precursor has been observed.

title: Equilibrium and preequilibrium emission in some alpha -induced reactions on enriched isotopes 128,130Te at moderate excitation energies.
abstract: Excitaion functions for the reactions [sup 128]Te([alpha],[ital np])[sup 130]I, [sup 130]Te([alpha],[ital np])[sup 132]I, and [sup 130]Te([alpha],[ital np])[sup 132[ital m]]I have been measured using the stacked foil technique and have also been calculated using a statistical model with and without the inclusion of preequilibrium emission. As expected, the inclusion of preequilibrium emission in compound nucleus calculations agrees well with the experimental excitation functions. The preequilibrum fraction has been found to be energy and target mass number dependent.

title: Role of high ℓ values in the onset of incomplete fusion
abstract: A particle-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$-coincidence experiment is performed to investigate the role of high $\ensuremath{\ell}$ values in the production of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels (associated with incomplete fusion) in $^{12}\mathrm{C}+^{169}\mathrm{Tm}$ system. Spin distributions of various $\mathit{xn}/\mathit{pxn}/\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathit{xn}/2\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathit{xn}$ channels are measured at ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=5.6A$ and $6.5A$ MeV. Entirely different de-excitation patterns are observed in direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels and fusion-evaporation channels. The fusion-evaporation channels are found to be strongly fed over a broad spin range. While narrow range feeding for only high-spin states was observed in the case of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels, in the present work, incomplete fusion is shown to be a promising tool to populate high-spin states in final reaction products. To have better insight into the associated $\ensuremath{\ell}$ values in different reaction channels, the present data are compared with similar data obtained in $^{16}\mathrm{O}({E}_{\mathrm{lab}}\ensuremath{\approx}5.6A \mathrm{MeV}) +  system. The mean driving angular momenta involved in the production of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels are found to be higher than those involved in the production of fusion-evaporation channels. Direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ multiplicity in the forward cone increases with driving angular momenta, which indicates the origin of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels at high $\ensuremath{\ell}$ values in noncentral interactions.

title: Some general properties of projectile fragments in 40Ar interactions in nuclear emulsions at 1.8 A GeV
abstract: An analysis of projectile fragments has been performed using 40Ar-emulsion interactions at 1.8 A GeV. The interaction mean free path of 40Ar nuclei was obtained on the basis of 4600 events which enabled one to calculate the total inelastic cross section. Correlations between the multiplicity of different charged particles were studied extensively to get an insight into the reaction mechanism. The average number of interacting nucleons of the projectile was calculated and compared with results from other experiments. Events with projectile fragments were divided into various reaction channels and several parameters like average emission angle and target particle multiplicities were studied as a function of target mass in different reaction channels. The projectile fragmentation properties were found to be independent of the target for peripheral collisions.

title: Observation of direct-photon collective flow in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV Au+Au collisions
abstract: The second Fourier component v_2 of the azimuthal anisotropy with respect to the reaction plane was measured for direct photons at midrapidity and transverse momentum (p_T) of 1--13 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at sqr(s_NN)=200 GeV. Previous measurements of this quantity for hadrons with p_T 6 GeV/c a reduced anisotropy is interpreted in terms of a path-length dependence for parton energy loss. In this measurement with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider we find that for p_T > 4 GeV/c the anisotropy for direct photons is consistent with zero, as expected if the dominant source of direct photons is initial hard scattering. However, in the p_T < 4 GeV/c region dominated by thermal photons, we find a substantial direct photon v_2 comparable to that of hadrons, whereas model calculations for thermal photons in this kinematic region significantly underpredict the observed v_2.

title: Cross sections and double-helicity asymmetries of midrapidity inclusive charged hadrons in p+ p collisions at sqrt (s)= 62.4 GeV
abstract: Unpolarized cross sections and double-helicity asymmetries of single-inclusive positive and negative charged hadrons at midrapidity from p + p collisions at root s = 62.4 GeV are presented. The PHENIX measurement of the cross sections for 1.0 < p(T) < 4.5 GeV/c are consistent with perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the strong-coupling constant, alpha(s). Resummed pQCD calculations including terms with next-to-leading-log accuracy, yielding reduced theoretical uncertainties, also agree with the data. The double-helicity asymmetry, sensitive at leading order to the gluon polarization in a momentum-fraction range of 0.05 less than or similar to x(gluon) less than or similar to 0.2, is consistent with recent global parametrizations disfavoring large gluon polarization.

title: Inclusive cross section and single transverse spin asymmetry for very forward neutron production in polarized p+p collisions at √s=200 GeV
abstract: The energy dependence of the single-transverse-spin asymmetry, A(N), and the cross section for neutron production at very forward angles were measured in the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider for polarized p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV. The neutrons were observed in forward detectors covering an angular range of up to 2.2 mrad. We report results for neutrons with a momentum fraction of x(F) = 0.45 to 1.0. The energy dependence of the measured cross sections were consistent with x(F) scaling, compared to measurements by an experiment at the Intersecting Storage Ring, which measured neutron production in unpolarized p + p collisions at root s = 30.6-62.7 GeV. The cross sections for large x(F) neutron production for p + p collisions, as well as those in e + p collisions measured at the Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator, are described by a pion exchange mechanism. The observed forward neutron asymmetries were large, reaching A(N) = -0.08 +/- 0.02 for x(F) = 0.8; the measured backward asymmetries, for negative x(F), were consistent with zero. The observed asymmetry for forward neutron production is discussed within the pion exchange framework, with interference between the spin-flip amplitude due to the pion exchange and nonflip amplitudes from all Reggeon exchanges. Within the pion exchange description, the measured neutron asymmetry is sensitive to the contribution of other Reggeon exchanges even for small amplitudes.

title: Charged Particles Multiplicity in Interactions of 3.7 A GeV 28Si with Light and Heavy Target Nuclei in Nuclear Emulsions
abstract: Results from measurement of multiplicity of different charged particles emitted from the interactions of 3.7 A GeV 28 Si with different target groups in nuclear emulsion and correlations among them are presented. The nature of the dependence of multiplicities of charged particles on the impact parameter is examined. Analysis of data in terms of specific multiplicity for different target groups is performed and the results are discussed in the light of superposition model.