Measurement of open beauty production at HERA
The first observation of open b production in ep collisions is reported. An event sample containing muons and jets has been selected which is enriched in semileptonic b quark decays. The visible cross section σ(ep → b b X → μ X′) for Q 2 GeV 2 , 0.1 0.176 ± 0.016 (stat.) +0.026 −0.017 (syst.) nb for the muons to be detected in the range 35° p ⊥ μ >2.0 GeV in the laboratory frame. The expected visible cross section based on a NLO QCD calculation is 0.104 ± 0.017 nb . The cross sections for electroproduction with Q 2 GeV 2 and photoproduction are derived from the data and found to be σ(ep→eb b X)=7.1±0.6 (stat.) +1.5 −1.3 (syst.) nb and σ(γp→b b X)=111 ± 10 (stat.) +23 −20 (syst.) nb at an average 〈W γp 〉∼180 GeV , respectively.

title: Diffractive Jet Production in Deep-Inelastic $e^{+}p$ Collisions at HERA
abstract: A measurement is presented of dijet and 3-jet cross sections in low-\(|t|\) diffractive deep-inelastic scattering interactions of the type \(ep \rightarrow eXY\), where the system X is separated by a large rapidity gap from a low-mass baryonic system Y. Data taken with the H1 detector at HERA, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.0 pb\(^{-1}\), are used to measure hadron level single and double differential cross sections for \(4 4 \rm GeV\). The energy flow not attributed to jets is also investigated. The measurements are consistent with a factorising diffractive exchange with trajectory intercept close to 1.2 and tightly constrain the dominating diffractive gluon distribution. Viewed in terms of the diffractive scattering of partonic fluctuations of the photon, the data require the dominance of \(q\overline{q}g\) over \(q\overline{q}\) states. Soft colour neutralisation models in their present form cannot simultaneously reproduce the shapes and the normalisations of the differential cross sections. Models based on 2-gluon exchange are able to reproduce the shapes of the cross sections at low \(x_\mathbb{P}\) values.

title: Search for leptoquark bosons in ep collisions at HERA
abstract: A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks coupling to first generation fermions is performed using the e(+) p and e(-) p scattering data collected by the H1 experiment between 1994 and 2000. The data correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 117 pb(-1). No evidence for the direct or indirect production of such particles is found in data samples with a large transverse momentum final state electron or with large missing transverse momentum. Constraints on leptoquark models are established. For leptoquark couplings of electromagnetic strength, leptoquarks with masses up to 275-325 GeV are ruled out at 95% confidence level. These limits improve and supercede earlier H1 limits based on subsamples of the data used here.

title: Inelastic photoproduction of J/psi mesons at HERA
abstract: An analysis of inelastic photoproduction of \(J/\psi\) mesons is presented using data collected at the ep collider HERA corresponding to an integrated luminosity of above 80 pb-1. Differential and double differential cross sections are measured in a wide kinematic region: \(60 < W_{\gamma p} < 260\) GeV,\(1 < p_{t, \psi}^2 < 60 {\rm GeV}^2\) and 0.05<z<0.9, where z is the fraction of the energy of the exchanged photon transferred to the \(J/\psi\) meson in the rest frame of the target proton. Cross sections at \(z\lesssim 0.3\) are presented for the first time. Theoretical calculations within the Colour Singlet Model at NLO for direct photon processes are shown to give a good description of the data in the medium z region (0.3<z<0.9) up to the highest \(p_{t, \psi}^2\) values. A calculation using a kt factorisation approach in LO in the Colour Singlet Model is also able to describe these data. The data in the full z range are also compared to LO calculations within a non-relativistic QCD framework including colour octet and colour singlet contributions for direct and resolved photons. It seems possible to reconcile data and theory with modest contributions from colour octet processes. The polarisation of the \(J/\psi\) meson is measured as a function of z and \(p_{t, \psi}\) and is reasonably described by the theoretical predictions.

title: Three-jet production in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA
abstract: Three-jet production is studied for the first time in deep-inelastic positron–proton scattering. The measurement carried out with the H1 detector at HERA covers a large range of four-momentum transfer squared 5 2 000 GeV 2 and invariant three-jet masses 25 3 jet ≲140 GeV . Jets are defined by the inclusive k ⊥ algorithm in the Breit frame. The size of the three-jet cross section and the ratio of the three-jet to the dijet cross section R 3/2 are described over the whole phase space by the predictions of perturbative QCD in next-to-leading order. The shapes of angular jet distributions deviate significantly from a uniform population of the available phase space but are well described by the QCD calculation.

title: Search for excited neutrinos at HERA
abstract: We present a search for excited neutrinos using ep data taken by the H1 experiment at HERA at a center-of-mass energy of 318 GeV with an integrated luminosity of 15 pb1. No evidence for excited neutrino production is found. Mass dependent exclusion limits are determined for the ratio of the coupling to the compositeness scale, f/, independently of the relative couplings to the SU(2) and U(1) gauge bosons. These limits extend the excluded region to higher masses than has been possible in previous searches at other colliders.

title: Beam transport experiments over half-turn at the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER)
abstract: The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER), designed for studies of space-charge dominated beam transport in a strong focusing lattice, is nearing completion. UMER models, for example, the recirculator machine envisioned as a possible driver for heavy-ion inertial fusion. The UMER lattice consists of 36 FODO periods distributed among 18, 20/spl deg/-bending sections containing two dipole magnets each. The main diagnostics are phosphor screens and capacitive beam position monitors placed at the center of each bending section. In addition, pepper-pot and slit-wire emittance meters, as well as an energy analyzer are in operation. We present here results of beam matching and characterization for a range of currents extending from about 1 mA to 100 mA, all at 10 keV and 100 ns pulse duration. With typical focusing given by /spl sigma//sub 0/=76, the zero-current betatron phase advance per period, the range of currents corresponds to tune depressions of 0.8 to 0.2. This range covers both the emittance dominated and extreme space-charge dominated regimes, which is unprecedented for a circular machine.

title: Rings of dark matter in collisions between clusters of galaxies
abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest that the galaxy cluster Cl0024+17, an apparently relaxed system, is actually a collision of two clusters, the interaction occurring along our line of sight. Recent lensing observations suggest the presence of a ringlike dark matter structure, which has been interpreted as the result of such a collision. In this paper, we present N-body simulations of cluster collisions along the line of sight to investigate the detectability of such features. We use realistic dark matter density profiles as determined from cosmological simulations. Our simulations show a 'shoulder' in the dark matter distribution after the collision, but no ring feature even when the initial particle velocity distribution is highly tangentially anisotropic ({sigma}{sub {theta}}/{sigma} {sub r} >> 1). Only when the initial particle velocity distribution is circular do our simulations show such a feature. Even modestly anisotropic velocity distributions are inconsistent with the halo velocity distributions seen in cosmological simulations and would require highly fine-tuned initial conditions. Our investigation leaves us without an explanation for the dark matter ringlike feature in Cl0024+17 suggested by lensing observations.

title: The third data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
abstract: This paper describes the Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This release, containing data taken up through 2003 June, includes imaging data in five bands over 5282 deg2, photometric and astrometric catalogs of the 141 million objects detected in these imaging data, and spectra of 528,640 objects selected over 4188 deg2. The pipelines analyzing both images and spectroscopy are unchanged from those used in our Second Data Release.

title: An Optically Dark GRB Observed by HETE-2: GRB 051022
abstract: GRB 051022 was detected at 13:07:58 on 2005 October 22 UT by HETE-2. The location of GRB 051022 was determined immediately by the flight localization system. This burst contained multiple pulses, and had a rather long duration of about 190s. The detections of candidate X-ray and radio afterglows were reported, whereas no optical afterglow was found. Optical spectroscopic observations of the host galaxy revealed a redshift of z = 0.8. Using data derived by a HETE-2 observation of the prompt emission, we found absorption of NH = (8.8-2.9+3.1) × 1022 cm-2 and visual extinction of AV = 49-16+17 mag in the host galaxy. If this is the case, no detection of any optical transient would be quite reasonable. The absorption derived by Swift XRT observations of the afterglow is fully consistent with those obtained from an early HETE-2 observation of the prompt emission. Our analysis implies an interpretation that the absorbing medium may be outside the external shock at R ? 1016cm, which could be a dusty molecular cloud.

title: HETE-2 observations of the X-ray flash XRF 040916
abstract: A long X-ray flash was detected and localized by instruments aboard the High Energy Transient Explorer II (HETE-2) at 00:03:30 UT on 2004 September 16. The position was reported to the GRB Coordinates Network (GCN) approximately 2 hours after the burst. This burst consisted of two peaks separated by ? 200 s, with durations of about 110 s and 60 s. We analyzed the energy spectra of the 1st and 2nd peaks observed with the Wide Field X-Ray Monitor (WXM) and the French Gamma Telescope (FREGATE). We discuss the origin of the 2nd peak in terms of the flux variabilities and timescales. We find that it is most likely to be part of prompt emission, and is explained by a long-acting engine model. This feature is similar to some bright X-ray flares detected in the early afterglow phase of bursts observed by the Swift satellite.