EDDINGTON RATIO GOVERNS THE EQUIVALENT WIDTH OF Mg II EMISSION LINE IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
We have investigated the ensemble regularities of the equivalent widths (EWs) of Mg II lambda 2800 emission line of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), using a uniformly selected sample of 2092 Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars at 0.45 <= z <= 0.8 in the spectroscopic data set of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Fourth Data Release. We find a strong correlation between the EW of Mg II and the AGN Eddington ratio (L/L(Edd)): EW(Mg II) proportional to (L/L(Edd))(-0.4). Furthermore, for AGNs with the same L/L(Edd), their EWs of Mg II show no correlation with luminosity, black hole mass, or line width, and the Mg II line luminosity is proportional to continuum luminosity, as expected by photoionization theory. Our result shows that Mg II EW is not dependent on luminosity, but is solely governed by L/L(Edd).

title: LOW-z Mg II BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS FROM THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY
abstract: We present a sample of 68 low-z Mg II low-ionization broad absorption-line (loBAL) quasars. The sample is uniformly selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 according to the following criteria: (1) redshift 0.4 7 pixel(-1), and (3) Mg II absorption-line width Delta upsilon(c) >= 1600 km s(-1). The last criterion is a trade-off between the completeness and consistency with respect to the canonical definition of BAL quasars that have the " balnicity index" BI > 0 in C IV BAL. We adopted such a criterion to ensure that similar to 90% of our sample are classical BAL quasars and the completeness is similar to 80%, based on extensive tests using high-z quasar samples with measurements of both C IV and Mg II BALs. We found (1) Mg II BAL is more frequently detected in quasars with narrower H beta emission line, weaker [O III] emission line, stronger optical Fe II multiplets, and higher luminosity. In term of fundamental physical parameters of a black hole accretion system, loBAL fraction is significantly higher in quasars with a higher Eddington ratio than those with a lower Eddington ratio. The fraction is not dependent on the black hole mass in the range concerned. The overall fraction distribution is broad, suggesting a large range of covering factor of the absorption material. (2) [O III]-weak loBAL quasars averagely show undetected [Ne v] emission line and a very small line ratio of [Ne v] to [O III]. However, the line ratio in non-BAL quasars, which is much larger than that in [O III]-weak loBAL quasars, is independent of the strength of the [O III] line. (3) loBAL and non-loBAL quasars have similar colors in near-infrared to optical band but different colors in ultraviolet. (4) Quasars with Mgii absorption lines of intermediate width are indistinguishable from the non-loBAL quasars in optical emission line properties but their colors are similar to loBAL quasars, redder than non-BAL quasars. We also discuss the implication of these results.

title: The origin and physical mechanism of the ensemble Baldwin effect
abstract: We have conducted a systematic investigation of the origin and underlying physics of the line--line and line--continuum correlations of AGNs, particularly the Baldwin effect. Based on the homogeneous sample of Seyfert 1s and QSOs in the SDSS DR4, we find the origin of all the emission-line regularities is Eddington ratio (L/Ledd). The essential physics is that L/Ledd regulates the distributions of the properties (particularly column density) of the clouds bound in the line-emitting region.

title: Optical identification of radio-loud active galactic nuclei in the ROSAT-Green-Bank sample with SDSS spectroscopy
abstract: Results of extended and refined optical identification of 181 radio/X-ray sources in the RASS-Green Bank (RGB) catalog are presented (Brinkmann et al. 1997) which have been spectroscopically observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR5. The SDSS spectra of the optical counterparts are modeled in a careful and self-consistent way by incorporating the host galaxy's starlight. Optical emission line parameters are presented, which are derived accurately and reliably, along with the radio 1.4-5 GHz spectral indices estimated using (non-simultaneous) archival data. For 72 sources, the identifications are presented for the first time. It is confirmed that the majority of strong radio/X-ray emitters are radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), particularly blazars. Taking advantage of the high spectral quality and resolution and our refined spectral modeling, we are able to disentangle narrow line radio galaxies (NLRGs), as vaguely termed in most previous identification work, into Seyfert II galaxies and LINERs (low-ionization nuclear emission regions), based on the standard emission line diagnostics. The NLRGs in the RGB sample, mostly belonging to 'weak line radio galaxies', are found to have optical spectra consistent predominantly with LINERs, and only a small fraction with Seyfert II galaxies. A small number of LINERs have radio power as high as 10(23)-10(26) W Hz(-1) at 5 GHz, being among the strongest radio emitting LINERs known so far. Two sources are identified with radio-loud narrow line Seyfert I galaxies (NLS1s), a class of rare objects. The presence is also confirmed of flat-spectrum radio quasars whose radio-optical-X-ray effective spectral indices are similar to those of High-energy peaked BL Lacs (HBLs), as suggested by Padovani et al., although it is still a debate as to whether this is the case for their actual spectral energy distributions.

title: ESTIMATING BLACK HOLE MASSES IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI USING THE Mg II λ2800 EMISSION LINE
abstract: We investigate the relationship between the linewidths of broad Mg II lambda 2800 and H beta in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to refine them as tools to estimate black hole (BH) masses. We perform a detailed spectral analysis of a large sample of AGNs at intermediate redshifts selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, along with a smaller sample of archival ultraviolet spectra for nearby sources monitored with reverberation mapping (RM). Careful attention is devoted to accurate spectral decomposition, especially in the treatment of narrow-line blending and Fe II contamination. We show that, contrary to popular belief, the velocity width of Mg II tends to be smaller than that of H beta, suggesting that the two species are not cospatial in the broad-line region. Using these findings and recently updated BH mass measurements from RM, we present a new calibration of the empirical prescriptions for estimating virial BH masses for AGNs using the broad Mg II and H beta lines. We show that the BH masses derived from our new formalisms show subtle but important differences compared to some of the mass estimators currently used in the literature.

title: COEXISTENCE OF GRAVITATIONALLY-BOUND AND RADIATION-DRIVEN C IV EMISSION LINE REGIONS IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
abstract: There are mutually contradictory views in the literature of the kinematics and structure of high-ionization line (e. g., C IV) emitting regions in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Two kinds of broad emission line region (BELR) models have been proposed, outflow and gravitationally-bound BELR, which are supported, respectively, by blueshift of the C IV line and reverberation mapping observations. To reconcile these two apparently different models, we present a detailed comparison study between the C IV and Mg II lines using a sample of AGNs selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that the kinematics of the C IV region is different from that of Mg II, which is thought to be controlled by gravity. A strong correlation is found between the blueshift and asymmetry of the C IV profile and the Eddington ratio. This provides strong observational support for the postulation that the outflow is driven by radiation pressure. In particular, we find robust evidence that the C IV line region is largely dominated by outflow at high Eddington ratios, while it is primarily gravitationally-bounded at low Eddington ratios. Our results indicate that these two emitting regions coexist in most AGNs. The emission strength from these two gases varies smoothly with Eddington ratio in opposite ways. This explanation naturally reconciles the apparently contradictory views proposed in previous studies. Finally, candidate models are discussed which can account for both the enhancement of outflow emission and suppression of normal BEL in AGNs with high Eddington ratios.

title: Outflows from active galactic nuclei: the BLR–NLR metallicity correlation
abstract: The metallicity of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which can be measured by emission line ratios in their broad- and narrow-line regions (BLRs and NLRs), provides invaluable information about the physical connection between the different components of AGNs. From the archival data bases of the International Ultraviolet Explorer, the Hubble Space Telescope and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we have assembled the largest sample available of AGNs which have adequate spectra in both the optical and ultraviolet bands to measure the narrow-line ratio [N ii]/H alpha and also, in the same objects, the broad-line N v/C iv ratio. These permit the measurement of the metallicities in the NLRs and BLRs in the same objects. We find that neither the BLR nor the NLR metallicity correlate with black hole masses or Eddington ratios, but there is a strong correlation between NLR and BLR metallicities. This metallicity correlation implies that outflows from BLRs carry metal-rich gas to NLRs at characteristic radial distances of similar to 1.0 kpc. This chemical connection provides evidence for a kinetic feedback of the outflows to their hosts. Metals transported into the NLR enhance the cooling of the ISM in this region, leading to local star formation after the AGNs turn to narrow-line low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions. This post-AGN star formation is predicted to be observable as an excess continuum emission from the host galaxies in the near-infrared and ultraviolet, which needs to be further explored.

title: DESIGN OF THE JLC/NLC RDDS STRUCTURE USING PARALLEL EIGENSOLVER Omega3P
abstract: The complexity of the Round Damped Detuned Structure (RDDS) for the JLC/NLC main linac is driven by the considerations of rf efficiency and dipole wakefield suppression. As a time and cost saving measure for the JLC/NLC, the dimensions of the 3D RDDS cell are being determined through computer modeling to within fabrication precision so that no tuning may be needed once the structures are assembled. The tolerances on the frequency errors for the RDDS structure are about one MHz for the fundamental mode and a few MHz for the dipole modes. At the X-band frequency, these correspond to errors of a micron level on the major cell dimensions. Such a level of resolution requires highly accurate field solvers and vast amount of computer resources. A parallel finite-element eigensolver Omega3P was developed at SLAC that runs on massively parallel computers such as the Cray T3E at NERSC. The code was applied in the design of the RDDS cell dimensions that are accurate to within fabrication precision. We will present the numerical approach of using these codes to determine the RDDS dimensions and compare the numerical predictions with the cold test measurements on RDDS prototypes that are diamond-turned using these dimensions.

title: Active galactic nuclei with double-peaked balmer lines: I. Black hole masses and eddington ratios
abstract: Using stellar population synthesis, we model the stellar contribution for a sample of 110 double- peaked broad- line active galactic nuclei ( AGNs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS). The stellar velocity dispersions (sigma(*)) are obtained for 52 double- peaked AGNs with obvious stellar absorption features, ranging from 106 to 284 km s(-1). We also use multicomponent profiles to fit O III lambda lambda 4959, 5007 and H beta emission lines. Using the well- established M-bh-sigma(*) relation, the black hole masses are calculated to range from 1.0 x 10(7) to 5.5 x 10(8) M circle dot, and the Eddington ratio from similar to 0.01 to similar to 1. Comparing these with the known R-BLR-L relation, we can find the factor f, which indicates the BLRs' geometry, inclination, and kinematics. We find that f deviates greatly from 0.75, suggesting the nonvirial dynamics of broad- line regions. The peak separation is mildly correlated with the Eddington ratio and SMBH mass with almost the same correlation coefficients. This implies that it will be difficult to detect obvious double- peaked AGNs with higher Eddington ratios. Using the monochromatic luminosity at 5100 8 to trace the bolometric luminosity, we find that external illumination of the accretion disk is needed to produce the observed strength of the H similar to emission line.

title: The Dipole Wakefield for a Rounded Damped Detuned Linear Accelerator with Optimised Cell-to-Manifold Coupling
abstract: A redesign of the basic cell configuration of the Damped Detuned Structure has been briefly reported where the cells are referred to as ellipsoidal cavities, and accelerator structures incorporating them are designated DDS5 and DDS6. This new structure type has been renamed RDDS 1, and the first of this series, RDDS 1, is presently under design and fabrication. The carefully sculpted cell profile (fabricated on computer controlled lathes at KEK incorporating diamond point machining) provides a 20% increase in shunt impedance which, when combined with other parameters, allows for a dramatic reduction in the RF power required for the NLC (Next Linear Collider). The detuning profile, damping manifold taper, and the cell to manifold coupling constant profile have all been carefully optimized so as to permit decoupling the cells at the ends of the structure from the manifolds while still adequately minimizing the transverse wake. The decoupling is required in order to fit adequately matched terminations into the structure. The single structure analysis has been supplemented with studies of wake degradation arising from systematic fabrication errors and wake improvement obtained by combining manifold damping with structure interleaving.

title: ILC Reference Design Report: ILC Global Design Effort and World Wide Study