Ageing of CsI thin film photocathodes induced by UV photons
The degradation of CsI thin film photocathodes (PCs) under UltraViolet (UV) irradiation has been investigated by measuring the photocurrent as well as the absolute Quantum Efficiency (QE) as a function of the accumulated charge density. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and UV Photoemission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) have been employed to study the surface morphology and the local QE of polycrystalline CsI thin films and their transformation due to UV irradiation. The photoemissive properties of CsI PCs, together with their surface morphology, have been found to be strongly affected by the UV photon ageing.

title: Inclusive cross section and single transverse spin asymmetry for very forward neutron production in polarized p+p collisions at √s=200 GeV
abstract: The energy dependence of the single-transverse-spin asymmetry, A(N), and the cross section for neutron production at very forward angles were measured in the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider for polarized p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV. The neutrons were observed in forward detectors covering an angular range of up to 2.2 mrad. We report results for neutrons with a momentum fraction of x(F) = 0.45 to 1.0. The energy dependence of the measured cross sections were consistent with x(F) scaling, compared to measurements by an experiment at the Intersecting Storage Ring, which measured neutron production in unpolarized p + p collisions at root s = 30.6-62.7 GeV. The cross sections for large x(F) neutron production for p + p collisions, as well as those in e + p collisions measured at the Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator, are described by a pion exchange mechanism. The observed forward neutron asymmetries were large, reaching A(N) = -0.08 +/- 0.02 for x(F) = 0.8; the measured backward asymmetries, for negative x(F), were consistent with zero. The observed asymmetry for forward neutron production is discussed within the pion exchange framework, with interference between the spin-flip amplitude due to the pion exchange and nonflip amplitudes from all Reggeon exchanges. Within the pion exchange description, the measured neutron asymmetry is sensitive to the contribution of other Reggeon exchanges even for small amplitudes.

title: Some general properties of projectile fragments in 40Ar interactions in nuclear emulsions at 1.8 A GeV
abstract: An analysis of projectile fragments has been performed using 40Ar-emulsion interactions at 1.8 A GeV. The interaction mean free path of 40Ar nuclei was obtained on the basis of 4600 events which enabled one to calculate the total inelastic cross section. Correlations between the multiplicity of different charged particles were studied extensively to get an insight into the reaction mechanism. The average number of interacting nucleons of the projectile was calculated and compared with results from other experiments. Events with projectile fragments were divided into various reaction channels and several parameters like average emission angle and target particle multiplicities were studied as a function of target mass in different reaction channels. The projectile fragmentation properties were found to be independent of the target for peripheral collisions.

title: Integral frequency distribution of projectile alpha fragments in nuclear multifragmentations at intermediate and high energies
abstract: The integral frequency distributions of the numbers of projectile alpha fragments produced in nuclear multifragmentations at intermediate and high energies are studied by a simple two-source model. The calculated results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data of 16 O, 40 Ar, 56 Fe, 84 Kr, 139 La, and 197 Au multifragmentations in nuclear emulsions at 2.00 A , 1.80 A , 1.80 A , 0.08–1.70 A , 0.60–0.99 A , and 0.60–0.99 A GeV, respectively. The initial energy of nuclear limiting fragmentation is expected to be at or lower than 0.08 A GeV. Two correlations between the mean multiplicity of projectile alpha fragments ( 〈 n α 〉 ) and the projectile mass number, as well as 〈 n α 〉 and the maximum multiplicity of projectile alpha fragments are observed.

title: Target black fragment flows in magnesium-emulsion collisions at 4.5A GeV/c
abstract: The experimental results of polar, azimuthal, and projected angular distributions of target black fragments produced in magnesium-emulsion collisions at 4.5A GeV/c (the Dubna synchrophasotron momentum) are reported. The flow characteristics are obtained. The azimuthal and projected angular distributions as well as some relationships between flows and angles depend on the size of target in the case of considering both light and heavy targets, and do not depend on the multiplicity in the case of considering heavy target.

title: Transition in yield and azimuthal shape modification in dihadron correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions.
abstract: Hard-scattered parton probes produced in collisions of large nuclei indicate large partonic energy loss, possibly with collective produced-medium response to the lost energy. We present measurements of π^{0} trigger particles at transverse momenta p{T}{t}=4-12  GeV/c and associated charged hadrons (p{T}{a}=0.5-7  GeV/c) vs relative azimuthal angle Δϕ in Au+Au and p+p collisions at sqrt[s{NN}]=200  GeV. The Au+Au distribution at low p{T}{a}, whose shape has been interpreted as a medium effect, is modified for p{T}{t}<7  GeV/c. At higher p{T}{t}, the data are consistent with unmodified or very weakly modified shapes, even for the lowest measured p{T}{a}, which quantitatively challenges some medium response models. The associated yield of hadrons opposing the trigger particle in Au+Au relative to p+p (I{AA}) is suppressed at high p{T} (I{AA}≈0.35-0.5), but less than for inclusive suppression (R{AA}≈0.2).

title: Incomplete fusion dynamics by spin distribution measurements
abstract: Spin distributions for various evaporation residues populated via complete and incomplete fusion of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ with $^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ at $6.3$ MeV/nucleon have been measured, using charged particles ($Z=1,2$)-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence technique. Experimentally measured spin distributions of the residues produced as incomplete fusion products associated with ``fast'' $\ensuremath{\alpha}$- and $2\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emission channels observed in the ``forward cone'' are found to be distinctly different from those of the residues produced as complete fusion products. Moreover, ``fast'' $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles that arise from larger angular momentum in the entrance channel are populated at relatively higher driving input angular momentum than those produced through complete fusion. The incomplete fusion residues are populated in a limited, higher-angular-momentum range, in contrast to the complete fusion products, which are populated over a broad spin range.

title: Role of high ℓ values in the onset of incomplete fusion
abstract: A particle-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$-coincidence experiment is performed to investigate the role of high $\ensuremath{\ell}$ values in the production of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels (associated with incomplete fusion) in $^{12}\mathrm{C}+^{169}\mathrm{Tm}$ system. Spin distributions of various $\mathit{xn}/\mathit{pxn}/\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathit{xn}/2\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathit{xn}$ channels are measured at ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=5.6A$ and $6.5A$ MeV. Entirely different de-excitation patterns are observed in direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels and fusion-evaporation channels. The fusion-evaporation channels are found to be strongly fed over a broad spin range. While narrow range feeding for only high-spin states was observed in the case of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels, in the present work, incomplete fusion is shown to be a promising tool to populate high-spin states in final reaction products. To have better insight into the associated $\ensuremath{\ell}$ values in different reaction channels, the present data are compared with similar data obtained in $^{16}\mathrm{O}({E}_{\mathrm{lab}}\ensuremath{\approx}5.6A \mathrm{MeV}) +  system. The mean driving angular momenta involved in the production of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels are found to be higher than those involved in the production of fusion-evaporation channels. Direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ multiplicity in the forward cone increases with driving angular momenta, which indicates the origin of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels at high $\ensuremath{\ell}$ values in noncentral interactions.

title: Effect of entrance-channel parameters on incomplete fusion reactions
abstract: An attempt has been made to have exclusive information on effect of various entrance channel parameters on the onset of incomplete fusion in heavy ion induced reactions at energies at 4 7 MeV/A. A number of experiments have been performed by our group to measure the excitation function and forward recoil range distribution of various evaporation residues populated via complete fusion and/or incomplete fusion of O with different targets. The experimental excitation functions have been analysed in the frame work of compound nucleus decay using statistical model code PACE-4. Analysis of data suggests the existance of incomplete fusion even at energies as low as near barrier energies where complete fusion is supposed to be the sole contributor. Further more, in order to understand incomlete fusion reactions in a more conclusive way, the incomplete fusion fraction has been analyzed with the existing data for αcluster projectiles with different targets of low, medium and heavy mass region. The study of percentage incomplete fusion fraction for different projectile target combinations deduced from experimentally measured excitation functions of individual reaction product shows strong dependence on projectile energy, mass asymmetry of interacting partners and α−Q value of the projectile.

title: Spin-distribution measurement: A sensitive probe for incomplete fusion dynamics
abstract: Spin distributions of various reaction products populated via complete and/or incomplete fusion of {sup 16}O with {sup 169}Tm have been measured at projectile energy {approx_equal}5.6 MeV/nucleon. Particle (Z=1,2) {gamma}-coincidences have been employed to achieve the information about involved reaction modes on the basis of their entry state spin populations. The experimentally measured spin distributions for incomplete fusion products have been found to be distinctly different than those observed for complete fusion products. The driving input angular momenta associated with incomplete fusion products have been found to be relatively higher than complete fusion products, and increases with direct {alpha}-multiplicity. It has also been observed that incomplete fusion products are less fed and/or the population of lower spin states are strongly hindered, while complete fusion products indicating strong feeding over a broad spin range.