Systematic study of tensor effects in shell evolution
In the framework of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach with the Skyrme interactions SLy5, SLy5+T, SLy5+T{sub w}, and several sets of the TIJ parametrizations (Skyrme effective interaction parametrizations including the tensor terms), the effect of the tensor force on the shell evolution at Z,N=8, 20, and 28 is investigated. It is shown that the evolution of the gap (defined as the energy difference between the last occupied and first unoccupied single-particle orbits) with SLy5+T is similar to that with SLy5+T{sub w}, and the gap values with SLy5+T are smaller than those with SLy5+T{sub w} in the cases of Z,N=8, 20. At Z, N = 28, the gap values with SLy5 are smaller than those with SLy5+T and larger than those with SLy5+T{sub w}. To understand these features, we analyze the spin-orbit potentials with and without the tensor contributions and the radial wave functions of relevant orbits. Meanwhile, we find that the deviation of the calculated gaps with SLy5+T{sub w} from the experimental ones is larger than that with SLy5+T. This indicates that SLy5+T{sub w} is not suitable for investigating the properties of the ground-state gap evolution. Finally, it is seen that the gap evolutions with different sets of the TIJ parametrizations aremore » similar to each other except for the ones with T22, and there is almost no difference between the tensor effect in gap evolution with the perturbative method and the one with the complete fitting method.« less

title: Correlation between muonic levels and nuclear structure in muonic atoms
abstract: A method that deals with the nucleons and the muon unitedly is employed to investigate the muonic lead, with which the correlation between the muon and nucleus can be studied distinctly. A “kink” appears in the muonic isotope shift at a neutron magic number where the nuclear shell structure plays a key role. This behavior may have very important implications for the experimentally probing the shell structure of the nuclei far away from the β -stable line. We investigate the variations of the nuclear structure due to the interaction with the muon in the muonic atom and find that the nuclear structure remains basically unaltered. Therefore, the muon is a clean and reliable probe for studying the nuclear structure. In addition, a correction that the muon-induced slight change in the proton density distribution in turn shifts the muonic levels is investigated. This correction to muonic level is as important as the Lamb shift and high order vacuum polarization correction, but is larger than anomalous magnetic moment and electron shielding correction.

title: Tensor effects on the proton sd states in neutron-rich Ca isotopes and bubble structure of exotic nuclei
abstract: In the framework of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) approach with Skyrme interactions SLy5+T, SLy5+T-omega and several sets of the TIJ parametrizations, the evolution of the proton single-particle energy difference between the 2s(1/2) and 1d(3/2) orbits in Ca isotopes is investigated for the cases with and without the tensor force. It is shown that the energy difference evolution trends by using different Skyrme interactions without the tensor force are similar to each other. However, the energy differences are obviously influenced by the tensor force. Meanwhile, it is found that the inversion between the two orbits (2s(1/2)-1d(3/2) inversion) induced by the tensor force occurs around Ca-48 (by SLy5+T-omega) as well as in the nuclei very far from the stability. We understand the inversion phenomenon by analyzing the tensor contributions to the spin-orbit potentials and the radial wave functions of the two orbits. Finally, the proton density distributions of Ar-46 and Hg-206 are calculated by using several sets of Skyrme interactions with and without the tensor component. It is found that the parametrization SLy5+T-omega favors the bubble structure of Ar-46 resulting from the 2s(1/2)-1d(3/2) inversion. However, for Hg-206 any tensor parametrizations do not favor its bubble structure.

title: Fine structure of alpha decay to rotational states of heavy nuclei
abstract: To gain a better insight into alpha-decay fine structure, we calculate the relative intensities of alpha decay to 2{sup +} and 4{sup +} rotational states in the framework of the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) and improved Royer's formula. The calculated relative intensities of alpha decay to 2{sup +} states are in good agreement with the experimental data. For the relative intensities of alpha decay to 4{sup +} states, a good agreement with experimental data is achieved for Th and U isotopes. The formula we obtain is useful for the analysis of experimental data of alpha-decay fine structure. In addition, some predicted relative intensities which are still not measured are provided for future experiments.

title: Effects of tensor interaction on pseudospin energy splitting and shell correction
abstract: In the framework of a Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach combined with Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) method, the role of the tensor force on the pseudospin energy splitting for tin isotope chain is investigated. The tensor force turns out to obviously affect the pseudospin energy splitting of the spin-unsaturated nuclei. Since the tensor force shifts the single-particle levels, it modifies the single-particle level density and the shell correction energy thereof. The influence of the tensor interaction on shell correction energy is considerable according to our analysis taking a magic nucleus {sup 132}Sn as well as a superheavy nucleus {sup 298}114 as examples. This modification of the shell correction energy due to the tensor component affects the stability of the superheavy nuclei.

title: A stochastic measure for eternal inflation
abstract: We use the stochastic approach to investigate a measure for slow roll eternal inflation. The probability for the universe to have a given Hubble radius can be calculated in this framework. In a solvable model, it is shown that the probability for the universe to evolve from a state with a smaller Hubble radius to one with a larger Hubble radius is dominated by the classical probability without the stochastic source, while the probability for the universe to evolve from a state with a larger Hubble radius to one with a smaller one is suppressed by exp(-Delta S), where the de Sitter entropy S arises naturally in this stochastic approach.

title: Non-Bunch-Davies statistical anisotropies
abstract: We introduce a generic mechanism that can extend the effects of relic anisotropies at the beginning of inflation to relatively much shorter scales in density perturbations. This is induced by non-Bunch-Davies states of the quantum fluctuations, and can show up in the non-oscillatory components of the density perturbations. This mechanism works for general forms of anisotropies, and, to illustrate it, we use an example of relic vector field. The detailed scale-dependence of these anisotropies can be used to probe the initial quantum state of our universe.

title: Primordial power spectrum reconstruction
abstract: In order to reconstruct the initial conditions of the universe it is important to devise a method that can efficiently constrain the shape of the power spectrum of primordial matter density fluctuations in a model-independent way from data. In an earlier paper we proposed a method based on the wavelet expansion of the primordial power spectrum. The advantage of this method is that the orthogonality and multiresolution properties of wavelet basis functions enable information regarding the shape of Pin(k) to be encoded in a small number of non-zero coefficients. Any deviation from scale invariance can then be easily picked out. Here we apply this method to simulated data to demonstrate that it can accurately reconstruct an input Pin(k), and present a prescription for how this method should be used on future data.

title: Dynamic interactions of fast ions with carbon nanotubes
abstract: We used the hydrodynamic model to describe the dielectric response of a multi-walled carbon nanotube to a fast point charge moving paraxially, either inside or outside the nanotube. Calculations are performed for a two-walled nanotube, giving rise to a splitting of the plasmon frequencies due to the interaction between the electron fluids on the two cylinders. The dependences of the projectile stopping power and the self-energy (image potential) on the velocity and the distance from the nanotube axis show interesting features when the projectile velocity matches the phase velocity of the plasmon mode with a quasi-linear dispersion.

title: Inflation and alternatives with blue tensor spectra
abstract: We study the tilt of the primordial gravitational waves spectrum. A hint of blue tilt is shown from analyzing the BICEP2 and POLARBEAR data. Motivated by this, we explore the possibilities of blue tensor spectra from the very early universe cosmology models, including null energy condition violating inflation, inflation with general initial conditions, and string gas cosmology, etc. For the simplest G-inflation, blue tensor spectrum also implies blue scalar spectrum. In general, the inflation models with blue tensor spectra indicate large non-Gaussianities. On the other hand, string gas cosmology predicts blue tensor spectrum with highly Gaussian fluctuations. If further experiments do confirm the blue tensor spectrum, non-Gaussianity becomes a distinguishing test between inflation and alternatives.