SNS LLRF control system model design
This paper addresses part of the design of the LLRF control system for the Spallation Neutron Source. Based on the Matlab/Simulink model of the Klystron and Cavity, considered as a two input two output (TITO) system, we design a PID controller which achieves the tracking of the set point reference. The PID controller design method modifies a relay-feedback-based PID auto-tuner for a single input single output (SISO) system. The original modeling was developed for the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator and has been modified for the SNS. The advantage of this method is that the only system information required for tuning the PID controller gains is the oscillation gain (critical gain) and the oscillation frequency (critical frequency) from the relay-feedback control of the open loop system. From the oscillation gain (critical gain), we obtain the proportional gain, and from the oscillation frequency (critical frequency), we obtain the integration time and the derivative time by applying some algebraic rules.

title: Crystallization in the Thin and Ultrathin Films of Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene
abstract: The crystallization of poly(ethylene−vinyl acetate) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films spun-cast from the polymer/toluene solutions with as-cast thickness from 460 to 10 nm was studied. The lamellar thickness was measured using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and found to increase from 14 to 21 nm for films thinner than 100 nm. The morphology of LLDPE measured by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) showed an edge-on lamellae for the films thicker than 30 nm and flat-on lamellae for the films thinner than 15 nm. A pseudo-“shish-kebab” tiny crystal structure was observed in between the larger lamellae. Crystallinity was confirmed using attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The shear modulation force microscopy technique (SMFM) was used to measure the melting point, Tm, which was found to decrease for films thinner than 100 nm. The rate of decrease was a function of the annealing pr...

title: Energetic electrons associated with magnetic reconnection in the magnetic cloud boundary layer.
abstract: Here is reported in situ observation of energetic electrons (∼100-500 keV) associated with magnetic reconnection in the solar wind by the ACE and Wind spacecraft. The properties of this magnetic cloud driving reconnection and the associated energetic electron acceleration problem are discussed. Further analyses indicate that the electric field acceleration and Fermi-type mechanism are two fundamental elements in the electron acceleration processes and the trapping effect of the specific magnetic field configuration maintains the acceleration status that increases the totally gained energy.

title: Clarification of the three-body decay of 12C (12.71 MeV).
abstract: Using beta decays of a clean source of 12N produced at the IGISOL facility, we have measured the breakup of the 12C (12.71 MeV) state into three alpha particles with a segmented particle detector setup. The high quality of the data permits solving the question of the breakup mechanism of the 12.71 MeV state, a longstanding problem in few-body nuclear physics. Among existing models, a modified sequential model fits the data best, but systematic deviations indicate that a three-body description is needed.

title: Dipole and spin-dipole resonances in charge-exchange reactions on 12C.
abstract: The [sup 12]C([ital n],[ital p])[sup 12]B reaction was studied using the white neutron source at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility/Weapon Neutron Research Center with a continuous incident neutron energy from 60 to 260 MeV. Double differential cross sections were measured in the angular range 11[degree][le][theta][sub lab][le]37[degree]. Using the neutron time-of-flight facility at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, we also studied the [sup 12]C([ital p],[ital n])[sup 12]N reaction at [ital E][sub [ital p]]=186 MeV and the [sup 12]C([ital [rvec p]],[ital [rvec n]])[sup 12]N reaction at [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=160 and 186 MeV. Double differential cross sections were measured between [theta][sub lab]=0[degree] and [theta][sub lab]=50[degree] in 5[degree] steps. Spin observables [ital D][sub [ital N][ital N]], [ital A][sub [ital Y]], and [ital P] were measured at [theta][sub lab]=5[degree],9[degree],13[degree] with [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=160 MeV and [theta][sub lab]=15[degree],20[degree] with [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=186 MeV. Angular distributions of differential cross section and spin observables for low-lying transitions in the residual nuclei are compared with disorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) calculations. A multipole decomposition analysis was performed to study the giant dipole and giant spin-dipole resonances. The contributions of the quasifree reaction in the giant resonance region was subtracted. The empirical results ofmore » energy distributions for dipole ([Delta][ital L]=1) transition are compared with DWIA calculations using nuclear structure information obtained with a conventional shell model and also with a random phase approximation.« less

title: Experimental results of the betatron sum resonance
abstract: The experimental observations of motion near the betatron sum resonance, /spl nusub x/+2/spl nusub z/=13, are presented. A fast quadrupole (Panofsky-style ferrite picture-frame magnet with 8 pulsed power supplies) producing a betatron tune shift of the order of 0.03 at rise time of 1 /spl mu/s was used. This quadrupole was used to produce betatron tunes which jumped past and then crossed back through a betatron sum resonance line. The beam response as function of initial betatron amplitudes were recorded turn by turn. The correlated growth of the action variables, J/sub x/ and J/sub z/, was observed. The phase space plots in the resonance frame reveal the features of particle motion near the nonlinear sum resonance region.<<ETX>>

title: Amplitude Analysis of the $D^+ \to K^0_S \pi^+ \pi^0$ Dalitz Plot
abstract: We perform an analysis of the $D^+ \to K^0_S \pi^+ \pi^0$ Dalitz plot using a data set of 2.92 fb$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collisions at the $\psi(3770)$ mass accumulated by the BESIII Experiment, in which 166694 candidate events are selected with a background of 15.1%. The Dalitz plot is found to be well-represented by a combination of six quasi-two-body decay channels ($K^0_S\rho^+$, $K^0_S\rho(1450)^+$, $\overline{K}^{*0}\pi^+$, $\overline{K}_0(1430)^0\pi^+$, $\overline{K}(1680)^0\pi^+$, $\overline{\kappa}^0\pi^+$) plus a small non-resonant component. Using the fit fractions from this analysis, partial branching ratios are updated with higher precision than previous measurements.

title: Future Type Ia Supernova Data as Tests of Dark Energy from Modified Friedmann Equations
abstract: In the Cardassian model, dark energy density arises from modifications to the Friedmann equation, which becomes H2 = g(ρM), where g(ρM) is a new function of the energy density. The universe is flat, matter dominated, and accelerating. The distance-redshift relation predictions of generalized Cardassian models can be very different from generic quintessence models, and can be differentiated with data from upcoming pencil beam surveys of Type Ia supernovae such as Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP). We have found the interesting result that, once Ωm is known to 10% accuracy, SNAP will be able to determine the sign of the time dependence of the dark energy density. Knowledge of this sign (which is related to the weak energy condition) will provide a first discrimination between various cosmological models that fit the current observational data (cosmological constant, quintessence, Cardassian expansion). Further, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations to illustrate how well one can reproduce the form of the dark energy density with SNAP. To be concrete we study a class of two-parameter (n, q) generalized Cardassian models that includes the original Cardassian model (parameterized by n only) as a special case. Examples are given of modified polytropic (MP) Cardassian models that fit current supernova and cosmic microwave background data, and prospects for differentiating between MP Cardassian and other models in future data are discussed. We also note that some Cardassian models can satisfy the weak energy condition w > -1 even with a dark energy component that has an effective equation of state wX < -1.

title: Measurements of H(z) and DA(z) from the two-dimensional two-point correlation function of Sloan Digital Sky Survey luminous red galaxies
abstract: We present a method for measuring the Hubble parameter, H(z), and angular diameter distance, DA(z), from the two-dimensional two-point correlation function and validate it using LasDamas mock galaxy catalogues. Applying our method to the sample of luminous red galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, we measure and Mpc without assuming a dark energy model or a flat universe. We find that the derived measurements of H(0.35) rs(zd)/c and DA(0.35)/rs(zd) [where rs(zd) is the sound horizon at the drag epoch] are nearly uncorrelated, have tighter constraints and are more robust with respect to possible systematic effects. Our galaxy clustering measurements of (with the correlation coefficient r = 0.0604) can be used to combine with cosmic microwave background and any other cosmological data sets to constrain dark energy. Our results represent the first measurements of H(z) and DA(z) (or H(z) rs(zd)/c and DA(0.35)/rs(zd)) from galaxy clustering data. Our work has significant implications for future surveys in establishing the feasibility of measuring both H(z) and DA(z) from galaxy clustering data.

title: A Method to Calibrate Beam Position Monitor at HLS 200 MeV Linac
abstract: In order to improve injection efficiency of HLS 200Mev LINAC, we redesign a new strip line beam position monitor system, which is consisted of a strip line structure and a signal processing system. We decide on an online calibration method based on beam to find out the geometry centre displacement and relative gain offset. Before the BPM testing bench has been prepared, we make a simulation based on the model accounted for all factors influencing signal amplitudes and get the calibrating results. At last, we analyze the nonlinearity effect on the calibration results.

title: The high-speed after pulse measurement system for PMT
abstract: A system employing a desktop FADC has been developed to investigate the features of 8 inches Hamamatsu PMT. The system stands out for its high-speed and informative results as a consequence of adopting fast waveform sampling technology. Recording full waveforms allows us to perform digital signal processing, pulse shape analysis, and precision timing extraction. High precision after pulse time and charge distribution characteristics are presented in this manuscript. Other photomultipliers characteristics, such as dark rate and transit time spread, can also be obtained by exploiting waveform analysis using this system.