Study of double pion photoproduction on the deuteron
The π + π − photoproductions on the proton and deuteron have been studied in a photon energy range of 0.8–1.1 GeV at the Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Tohoku University. Charged pions and protons were detected using Neutral Kaon Spectrometer. We obtained the cross sections for the p ( γ , p π + π − ) and d ( γ , p π + π − ) n . The quasi-free process with a neutron spectator was extracted by the neutron momentum cut of p n > 0.3 GeV / c . The cross section for the Δ + + Δ − production was deduced in the non-quasi-free process of the γ d → p n π + π − . It was 13.4 ± 0.4 μb at E γ = 0.82 GeV .

title: S11(1535) Resonance in Nuclear Medium Observed with the (gamma, eta) Reactions

title: Beam test of a BSO calorimeter

title: Photoproduction of neutral kaons on a liquid deuterium target in the threshold region
abstract: The photoproduction process of neutral kaons on a liquid deuterium target is investigated near the threshold region, E{sub {gamma}}=0.8-1.1 GeV. K{sup 0} events are reconstructed from positive and negative pions, and differential cross sections are derived. Experimental momentum spectra are compared with those calculated in the spectator model using a realistic deuteron wave function. Elementary amplitudes as given by recent isobar models and a simple phenomenological model are used to study the effect of the new data on the angular behavior of the elementary cross section. The data favor a backward-peaked angular distribution of the elementary n({gamma},K{sup 0}){lambda} process, which provides additional constraints on current models of kaon photoproduction. The present study demonstrates that the n({gamma},K{sup 0}){lambda} reaction can provide key information on the mechanism of the photoproduction of strangeness.

title: Parametric formula for the sixth-order vacuum polarization contribution in quantum electrodynamics
abstract: We have obtained a Feynman-parametric integral for the complete vacuum polarization contribution of sixth order in quantum electrodynamics in a form convenient for numerical integration.

title: Radiative corrections to Fermi interactions

title: PHOTON - PHOTON SCATTERING CONTRIBUTION TO THE SIXTH ORDER MAGNETIC MOMENTS OF THE MUON AND ELECTRON

title: Two-Photon Mechanism of Particle Production by High-Energy Colliding Beams
abstract: We report on the calculation of the cross sections for the production of positive-charge-conjugation states such as ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, $\ensuremath{\eta}$, ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ by a two-photon mechanism in ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}$ and ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions. We give the precise relationship of the process $e+e\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e+e+X (X \mathrm{is}\mathrm{any} C=+ \mathrm{state})$ to the corresponding two-photon annihilation process $\ensuremath{\gamma}+\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X$, as well as a careful derivation of the equivalent-photon approximation. In the case of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ production, we have found that, for the beam energy $E$ in the 1-3 GeV range, the exact total cross section is 20-30% larger than the one calculated previously in the equivalent-photon approximation. However, the introduction of form factors cuts down the exact total cross section, reducing it to within 10% of the equivalent-photon-approximation result. For $\ensuremath{\eta}$ production the agreement is even better. Thus it appears that the use of the equivalent-photon approximation is justified in most cases. We discuss detailed angular distributions in this approximation for the case of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ production. One important problem which cannot be adequately studied in the equivalent-photon approximation is the degree of noncoplanarity of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ (and the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) pair. We have studied this problem using the exact formula and found that, for $E=1$ GeV, typically 40-50% of pion pairs will be produced with the noncoplanarity angle greater than 12\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. We discuss the general structure of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}+\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ amplitude as well as a simple model incorporating the $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ meson. We also give a rough estimate of multihadron production cross sections.

title: Real Part of the Scattering Amplitude and the Behavior of the Total Cross Section at High Energies
abstract: Certain theorems first pointed out by Meiman are used to include the information contained in analyticity in energy and crossing symmetry in the derivation of upper bounds for the forward scattering amplitude. Theorems are obtained relating the asymptotic behavior of the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part of the forward amplitude on the one hand, to that of the total cross section on the other. Except for the special case where Ref/Imf=pi/lnE as the incident laboratory energy E approaches infinity, it is found that the Froissart bound can be improved. It is found that the GreenbergLow bound which follows from axiomatic field theory can always be improved by a fractional power of E under the physical assumption that the amplitude does not become purely real as E approaches infinity. It is found that the asymptotic behavior Ref=cE is not allowed. This sheds light on the question of the 'elementary' nature of vector mesons. An inequality is given which, in principle, could lead to an experimental check of analyticity and crossing with data obtained only from a finite range of energy.