India-based Neutrino Observatory: Project Report. Volume I.

title: ILC Reference Design Report: ILC Global Design Effort and World Wide Study

title: Cross section and double helicity asymmetry for eta mesons and their comparison to neutral pion production in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV
abstract: Measurements of double-helicity asymmetries in inclusive hadron production in polarized p+p collisions are sensitive to helicity-dependent parton distribution functions, in particular to the gluon helicity distribution, {Delta}g. This study focuses on the extraction of hte double-helicity asymmetry in {eta} production (p+p{yields}{eta}+X), the {eta} cross section, and the {eta}/{pi}{sup 0} cross section ratio. The cross section and ratio measurements provide essential input for the extraction of fragmentation functions that are needed to acess the helicity-dependent parton distribution functions.

title: PSEUDORAPIDITY DISTRIBUTION OF SHOWER PARTICLES IN 28Si-EMULSION INTERACTIONS AT 4.5 A GeV/c PER NUCLEON
abstract: Pseudorapidity density distributions of relativistic charged particles produced in 28Si-induced interactions in nuclear emulsion at JINR Synchrophasotron have been measured. The particle distributions in minimum-bias events exhibit a pronounced forward asymmetry with respect to the peak in the pseudorapidity spectra. The effect of intranuclear collisions on the mean pseudorapidity distribution versus the shower particles (ns) or the grey particles is discussed and compared with similar studies of 28Si and 32S at BNL AGS and CERN SPS energies respectively.

title: Ageing of CsI thin film photocathodes induced by UV photons
abstract: The degradation of CsI thin film photocathodes (PCs) under UltraViolet (UV) irradiation has been investigated by measuring the photocurrent as well as the absolute Quantum Efficiency (QE) as a function of the accumulated charge density. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and UV Photoemission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) have been employed to study the surface morphology and the local QE of polycrystalline CsI thin films and their transformation due to UV irradiation. The photoemissive properties of CsI PCs, together with their surface morphology, have been found to be strongly affected by the UV photon ageing.

title: Integral frequency distribution of projectile alpha fragments in nuclear multifragmentations at intermediate and high energies
abstract: The integral frequency distributions of the numbers of projectile alpha fragments produced in nuclear multifragmentations at intermediate and high energies are studied by a simple two-source model. The calculated results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data of 16 O, 40 Ar, 56 Fe, 84 Kr, 139 La, and 197 Au multifragmentations in nuclear emulsions at 2.00 A , 1.80 A , 1.80 A , 0.08–1.70 A , 0.60–0.99 A , and 0.60–0.99 A GeV, respectively. The initial energy of nuclear limiting fragmentation is expected to be at or lower than 0.08 A GeV. Two correlations between the mean multiplicity of projectile alpha fragments ( 〈 n α 〉 ) and the projectile mass number, as well as 〈 n α 〉 and the maximum multiplicity of projectile alpha fragments are observed.

title: Role of high ℓ values in the onset of incomplete fusion
abstract: A particle-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$-coincidence experiment is performed to investigate the role of high $\ensuremath{\ell}$ values in the production of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels (associated with incomplete fusion) in $^{12}\mathrm{C}+^{169}\mathrm{Tm}$ system. Spin distributions of various $\mathit{xn}/\mathit{pxn}/\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathit{xn}/2\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathit{xn}$ channels are measured at ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=5.6A$ and $6.5A$ MeV. Entirely different de-excitation patterns are observed in direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels and fusion-evaporation channels. The fusion-evaporation channels are found to be strongly fed over a broad spin range. While narrow range feeding for only high-spin states was observed in the case of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels, in the present work, incomplete fusion is shown to be a promising tool to populate high-spin states in final reaction products. To have better insight into the associated $\ensuremath{\ell}$ values in different reaction channels, the present data are compared with similar data obtained in $^{16}\mathrm{O}({E}_{\mathrm{lab}}\ensuremath{\approx}5.6A \mathrm{MeV}) +  system. The mean driving angular momenta involved in the production of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels are found to be higher than those involved in the production of fusion-evaporation channels. Direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ multiplicity in the forward cone increases with driving angular momenta, which indicates the origin of direct-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emitting channels at high $\ensuremath{\ell}$ values in noncentral interactions.

title: Incomplete fusion dynamics by spin distribution measurements
abstract: Spin distributions for various evaporation residues populated via complete and incomplete fusion of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ with $^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ at $6.3$ MeV/nucleon have been measured, using charged particles ($Z=1,2$)-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence technique. Experimentally measured spin distributions of the residues produced as incomplete fusion products associated with ``fast'' $\ensuremath{\alpha}$- and $2\ensuremath{\alpha}$-emission channels observed in the ``forward cone'' are found to be distinctly different from those of the residues produced as complete fusion products. Moreover, ``fast'' $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles that arise from larger angular momentum in the entrance channel are populated at relatively higher driving input angular momentum than those produced through complete fusion. The incomplete fusion residues are populated in a limited, higher-angular-momentum range, in contrast to the complete fusion products, which are populated over a broad spin range.

title: Effect of entrance-channel parameters on incomplete fusion reactions
abstract: An attempt has been made to have exclusive information on effect of various entrance channel parameters on the onset of incomplete fusion in heavy ion induced reactions at energies at 4 7 MeV/A. A number of experiments have been performed by our group to measure the excitation function and forward recoil range distribution of various evaporation residues populated via complete fusion and/or incomplete fusion of O with different targets. The experimental excitation functions have been analysed in the frame work of compound nucleus decay using statistical model code PACE-4. Analysis of data suggests the existance of incomplete fusion even at energies as low as near barrier energies where complete fusion is supposed to be the sole contributor. Further more, in order to understand incomlete fusion reactions in a more conclusive way, the incomplete fusion fraction has been analyzed with the existing data for αcluster projectiles with different targets of low, medium and heavy mass region. The study of percentage incomplete fusion fraction for different projectile target combinations deduced from experimentally measured excitation functions of individual reaction product shows strong dependence on projectile energy, mass asymmetry of interacting partners and α−Q value of the projectile.

title: Complete and incomplete fusion of 12 C with 165 Ho below 7 MeV/nucleon: Measurements and analysis of excitation functions
abstract: This experiment has been done with a view to studying complete and incomplete fusion in heavy-ion-induced reactions. Excitation functions for several reactions induced by ${}^{12}{\mathrm{C}}^{5+}$ ions on ${}^{165}\mathrm{Ho}$ at incident energies from 55 to 80 MeV have been measured using the activation technique. The analysis of the data has been done using the codes ALICE-91 and CASCADE. The parameter ${F}_{\ensuremath{\theta}},$ the ratio of actual moment of inertia to the rigid-body value, has been found to play an important role in the calculations done by the code CASCADE. Significant contributions from both the complete and the incomplete fusion channels have been observed. Further, in the case of the reaction $(\mathrm{C},p3n)$ considerable contribution from the decay of higher charge isobar precursor has been observed.