HERWIRI1.031: New Approach to Parton Shower MC's in Precision QCD Theory
The new IR-improved Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi-Callan-Symanzik (DGLAPCS) kernels recently developed by one of us is implemented in the HERWIG6.5 environment to generate a new MC, HERWIRI1.0(31), for hadron-hadron scattering at high energies. The comparison between the parton shower generated by the standard DGLAP-CS kernels and that generated by the new IR-improved DGLAP-CS kernels is illustrated using MC data. This is done for some of the respective exact O(αs) corrected spectra using the seamless interfaces to MC@NLO while making comparisons with FNAL data. Some discussion of possible implications for LHC phenomenology is also presented.

title: HERA and the LHC: A Workshop on the implications of HERA for LHC physics: Proceedings Part A
abstract: The HERA electron--proton collider has collected 100 pb$^{-1}$ of data since its start-up in 1992, and recently moved into a high-luminosity operation mode, with upgraded detectors, aiming to increase the total integrated luminosity per experiment to more than 500 pb$^{-1}$. HERA has been a machine of excellence for the study of QCD and the structure of the proton. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which will collide protons with a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV, will be completed at CERN in 2007. The main mission of the LHC is to discover and study the mechanisms of electroweak symmetry breaking, possibly via the discovery of the Higgs particle, and search for new physics in the TeV energy scale, such as supersymmetry or extra dimensions. Besides these goals, the LHC will also make a substantial number of precision measurements and will offer a new regime to study the strong force via perturbative QCD processes and diffraction. For the full LHC physics programme a good understanding of QCD phenomena and the structure function of the proton is essential. Therefore, in March 2004, a one-year-long workshop started to study the implications of HERA on LHC physics. This included proposing new measurements to be made at HERA, extracting the maximum information from the available data, and developing/improving the theoretical and experimental tools. This report summarizes the results achieved during this workshop.

title: Bosonized superstring boundary states and partition functions
abstract: A hole in a superstring worldsheet may be represented by a boundary state which imposes the appropriate boundary conditions relating the left-and right-moving fields. The complete bosonized boundary state is constructed by factorizing the open-string partition functions in the closed-string channel. A regularization-free derivation of the boundary corrections to the closed-superstring beta functions is sketched, using the unbosonized boundary state.

title: Exact Amplitude-Based Resummation in Quantum Field Theory: Recent Results
abstract: We present the current status of the application of our approach of exact amplitude-based resummation in quantum field theory to two areas of investigation: precision QCD calculations of all three of us as needed for LHC physics and the resummed quantum gravity realization by one of us (B.F.L.W.) of Feynman's formulation of Einstein's theory of general relativity. We discuss recent results as they relate to experimental observations. There is reason for optimism in the attendant comparison of theory and experiment.

title: Open Strings in Background Gauge Fields
abstract: Some properties of open bosonic strings in a background abelian gauge field are investigated. We derive the equations of motion and effective action for the electromagnetic field, and discuss the effect of the field on the string spectrum and partition function.

title: Superstring field theory
abstract: We construct a class of cubic gauge-invariant actions for superstring field theory, gauge fix one of them and show that it reproduces the known superstring S-matrix. In our construction boson string fields are taken in the 0 picture and fermion string fields in the −12 picture. For 0 picture the bosonic kinetic term requires an insertion carrying −2 units of picture number. We construct all possible picture-changing operators with the required properties. We use the simplest of these to construct the superstring action we choose to analyze here. In the gauge b1 + b−1 = 0, the conformal mappings needed to evaluate the tree diagrams are algebraic, and this enables a completely explicit derivation of the Koba-Nielsen amplitudes. In this gauge the action formally linearizes, a phenomenon familiar from other Chern-Simons type theories. Nontrivial scattering amplitudes are obtained by approaching this gauge as a limit.

title: NONLINEAR QUANTUM MECHANICS IMPLIES POLYNOMIAL-TIME SOLUTION FOR NP-COMPLETE AND P PROBLEMS
abstract: If quantum states exhibit small nonlinearities during time evolution, then quantum computers can be used to solve NP-complete problems in polynomial time. We provide algorithms that solve NP-complete and #P oracle problems by exploiting nonlinear quantum logic gates. It is argued that virtually any deterministic nonlinear quantum theory will include such gates, and the method is explicitly demonstrated using the Weinberg model of nonlinear quantum mechanics.

title: The effect of a finite mass reservoir on the collapse of spherical isothermal clouds and the evolution of protostellar accretion
abstract: Motivated by recent observations that detect an outer boundary for starless cores, and evidence for time-dependent mass accretion in the Class 0 and Class I protostellar phases, we re-examine the case of spherical isothermal collapse in the case of a finite mass reservoir. The presence of a core boundary, implemented through a constant-volume approximation in our simulation, results in the generation of an inward-propagating rarefaction wave. This steepens the gas density profile from r -2 (self-similar value) to r -3 or steeper. After a protostar forms, the mass accretion rate M evolves through three distinct phases: (1) an early phase of decline in M, which is a non-self-similar effect due to rapid and spatially non-uniform infall in the pre-stellar phase; (2) for large cores, an intermediate phase of near-constant M from the infall of the outer part of the self-similar density profile, which has low (subsonic) infall speed in the pre-stellar phase; and (3) a late phase of rapid decline in M when accretion occurs from the region affected by the inward-propagating rarefaction wave. Our model clouds of small to intermediate size make a direct transition from phase (1) to phase (3) above. Both the first and second phase (if the latter is indeed present) are characterized by a temporally increasing bolometric luminosity L bol , while L bol is decreasing in the third (final) phase. We identify the period of temporally increasing L bol with the Class 0 phase, and the later period of terminal accretion and decreasing L bol with the Class I phase. The peak in L bol corresponds to the evolutionary time when 50 ± 15 per cent of the cloud mass has been accreted by the protostar. This is in agreement with the classification scheme proposed in the early 1990s by Andre et al.; our model adds a physical context to their interpretation. We show how our results can be used to explain tracks of envelope mass M env versus L bol for protostars in Taurus and Ophiuchus. We also develop an analytic formalism that successfully reproduces the protostellar accretion rate from profiles of density and infall speed in the pre-stellar phase. It shows that the spatial gradient of infall speed that develops in the pre-stellar phase is a primary cause of the temporal decline in M during the early phase of protostellar accretion.